U.S. patent application number 16/624910 was filed with the patent office on 2021-01-07 for fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure.
This patent application is currently assigned to Qingdao University of Technology. The applicant listed for this patent is Qingdao University of Technology. Invention is credited to Xi LI, Jijun MIAO, Ben MOU.
Application Number | 20210002916 16/624910 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2021-01-07 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20210002916 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
MOU; Ben ; et al. |
January 7, 2021 |
Fabricated Self-resilient Energy-dissipation Double-steel-plate
Slotted Shear Wall Structure
Abstract
A fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure includes steel
columns, H-shaped steel beams and a shear wall assembly. The shear
wall assembly includes left and right groups of slotted wall plates
and is connected with flanges of the H-shaped steel beams through
angle steel. Connecting ring plate assemblies are fixed to upper
and lower ends of each steel column and each comprise an outer ring
plate, an inner ring plate and a short side plate. A long side
plate is fixedly arranged on each steel column tube and is
connected with one slotted wall plate through a plurality of
self-locking hasps. A plurality of pre-stressed steel strands are
arranged on two sides of each long side plate.
Inventors: |
MOU; Ben; (Qingdao, CN)
; LI; Xi; (Qingdao, CN) ; MIAO; Jijun;
(Qingdao, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Qingdao University of Technology |
Qingdao |
|
CN |
|
|
Assignee: |
Qingdao University of
Technology
Qingdao
CN
|
Appl. No.: |
16/624910 |
Filed: |
July 5, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
July 5, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CN2018/094607 |
371 Date: |
December 20, 2019 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
International
Class: |
E04H 9/02 20060101
E04H009/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 20, 2018 |
CN |
201810358746.8 |
Claims
1. A fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure, comprising: steel
columns, H-shaped steel beams, and a shear wall assembly; wherein
the steel columns are arranged on a left side and a right side of
the shear wall assembly, and the H-shaped steel beams are arranged
at an upper end and a lower end of the shear wall assembly; the
shear wall assembly comprises a left group of slotted wall plates
and a right group of slotted wall plates, wherein the left group of
slotted wall plates and the right group of slotted wall plates are
connected in an overlap manner through a plurality of first
connecting plates; the shear wall assembly is connected with a
first flange of each H-shaped steel beam of the H-shaped steel
beams through an angle steel; connecting ring plate assemblies are
fixed to an upper end of each steel column of the steel columns and
a lower end of the each steel column; and each of the connecting
ring plate assemblies comprises an outer ring plate, an inner ring
plate and a short side plate, wherein the short side plate is
arranged between the outer ring plate and the inner ring plate, and
the short side plate is fixedly connected with the outer ring
plate, the inner ring plate and the each steel column; the outer
ring plate is connected with a second flange of a first side of the
each H-shaped steel beam in the overlap manner through a second
connecting plate, the inner ring plate is connected with the first
flange of a second side of the each H-shaped steel beam in the
overlap manner through a third connecting plate, and the short side
plate is connected with a web of the H-shaped steel beam in the
overlap manner through a fourth connecting plate; a long side plate
is fixedly arranged on each of the steel columns between the
connecting ring plate assemblies, and the long side plate is
connected with the left group of slotted wall plates or the right
group of slotted wall plates through a plurality of self-locking
hasps; each of the plurality of self-locking hasps comprises a hasp
base and a hasp member, wherein the hasp base is arranged on the
long side plate, and the hasp member is arranged on the slotted
wall plate, the hasp member comprises a connecting arm and a hasp,
the hasp is a circular cylinder, a diameter of the hasp is greater
than a width of the connecting arm, and the hasp base is provided
with a hasp slot matched with the hasp and a groove matched with
the connecting arm; and a plurality of pre-stressed steel strands
are arranged on two sides of the long side plate, and each of two
ends of each of the plurality of pre-stressed steel strands
penetrates through the inner ring plate, the first flange of the
second side of the H-shaped steel beam and the third connecting
plate to be anchored to the third connecting plate.
2. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
1, wherein, the left group of slotted wall plates or the right
group of slotted wall plates of the shear wall assembly comprises
at least two slotted wall plates.
3. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
1, wherein, each of the left group of slotted wall plates and the
right group of slotted wall plates comprises a plurality of
S-shaped streamline slots.
4. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
3, wherein, both ends of each of the plurality of S-shaped
streamline slots respectively comprise a circular arc transition to
reduce a stress concentration.
5. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
1, wherein, a number of the plurality of first connecting plates is
two, and the two first connecting plates are symmetrically arranged
on a front side and a back side of the shear wall assembly.
6. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
1, wherein, each of the H shaped steel beams is connected with the
shear wall assembly through two pieces of the angle steel, wherein
the two pieces of the angle steel are symmetrically arranged on a
front side and a back side of the shear wall assembly.
7. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
1, wherein, the left group of slotted wall plates and the right
group of slotted wall plates are connected with the plurality of
first connecting plates through a first plurality of high-strength
bolts, the outer ring plate is connected with the second connecting
plate through a second plurality of high-strength bolts, the inner
ring plate is connected with the third connecting plate through a
third plurality of high-strength bolts, the short side plate is
connected with the fourth connecting plate through a fourth
plurality of high-strength bolts, the shear wall assembly is
connected with the angle steel through a fifth plurality of
high-strength bolts, and the first flange of the each H-shaped
steel beam is connected with the angle steel through a sixth
plurality of high-strength bolts.
8. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
7, wherein, each high-strength bolt of the first plurality of
high-strength bolts, the second plurality of high-strength bolts,
the third plurality of high-strength bolts, the fourth plurality of
high-strength bolts, the fifth plurality of high-strength bolts and
the sixth plurality of high-strength bolts is configured to
withstand a high pressure, and the each high-strength bolt has a
strength grade of 10.9 and a specification of M16-M30.
9. An assembly method of the fabricated self-resilient
energy-dissipation double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure
according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: step 1:
connecting the steel columns and the H-shaped steel beams, wherein
the steel columns and the H-shaped steel beams are prefabricated in
a factory, and tensioning and anchoring the plurality of
pre-stressed steel strands to form a beam-column frame; step 2:
inserting hasp members of two bottom slotted wall plates of the
shear wall assembly into the hasp base, then horizontally rotating
the two bottom slotted wall plates inwards to be self-lock and
fasten, sequentially assembling, from bottom to top, the remaining
slotted wall plates for self-locking and fastening; step 3:
assembling the plurality of first connecting plates on a front side
and a back side of the shear wall assembly, the plurality of first
connecting plates are connected with the left group of slotted wall
plates and the right group of slotted wall plates in the overlap
manner by a first plurality of high-strength bolts; and step 4:
assembling the angle steel respectively on a front side and a back
side of a junction between the shear wall assembly and an upper
H-shaped steel beam of the H-shaped steel beams, assembling the
angle steel respectively on a front side and a back side of a
junction between the shear wall assembly and a lower H-shaped steel
beam of the H-shaped steel beams, and connecting the shear wall
assembly with the H-shaped steel beams through a second plurality
of high-strength bolts.
10. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
9, wherein, the left group of slotted wall plates or the right
group of slotted wall plates of the shear wall assembly comprises
at least two slotted wall plates.
11. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
9, wherein, each of the left group of slotted wall plates and the
right group of slotted wall plates comprises a plurality of
S-shaped streamline slots.
12. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
11, wherein, both ends of each of the plurality of S-shaped
streamline slots respectively comprise a circular arc transition to
reduce a stress concentration.
13. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
9, wherein, a number of the plurality of first connecting plates is
two, and the two first connecting plates are symmetrically arranged
on a front side and a back side of the shear wall assembly.
14. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
9, wherein, each of the H-shaped steel beams is connected with the
shear wall assembly through two pieces of the angle steel, wherein
the two pieces of the angle steel are symmetrically arranged on a
front side and a back side of the shear wall assembly.
15. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
9, wherein, the left group of slotted wall plates and the right
group of slotted wall plates are connected with the plurality of
first connecting plates through a third plurality of high-strength
bolts, the outer ring plate is connected with the second connecting
plate through a fourth plurality of high-strength bolts, the inner
ring plate is connected with the third connecting plate through a
fifth plurality of high-strength bolts, the short side plate is
connected with the fourth connecting plate through a sixth
plurality of high-strength bolts, the shear wall assembly is
connected with the angle steel through a seventh plurality of
high-strength bolts, and the flanges of the H-shaped steel beams
are connected with the angle steel through an eighth plurality of
high-strength bolts.
16. The fabricated self-resilient energy-dissipation
double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure according to claim
15, wherein, each high-strength bolt of the first plurality of
high-strength bolts, the second plurality of high-strength bolts,
the third plurality of high-strength bolts, the fourth plurality of
high-strength bolts, the fifth plurality of high-strength bolts and
the sixth plurality of high-strength bolts is configured to
withstand a high pressure, and the each high-strength bolt has a
strength grade of 10.9 and a specification of M16-M30.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is the national phase entry of
International Application No. PCT/CN2018/094607, filed on Jul. 5,
2018, which is based upon and claims priority to Chinese Patent
Application No. 201810358746.8, filed on Apr. 20, 2018, the entire
contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The invention relates to the technical field of connection
of building structures, in particular to a fabricated
self-resilient energy-dissipation double-steel-plate slotted shear
wall structure.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Nowadays, more and more high-rise buildings and super
high-rise buildings have been constructed in cities. With the
constant increase of the building height, the control effect of
horizontal loads is becoming more and more prominent compared with
vertical loads, and the selection of lateral-force-resisting
components is of great importance.
[0004] As walls typically bearing horizontal shear force, steel
plate shear wall assemblies have a force-bearing unit consisting of
embedded steel plates, vertical edge members (columns or vertical
stiffening ribs), and horizontal edge members (beams or horizontal
stiffening ribs). As novel lateral-force-resisting components, the
steel plate shear wall assemblies have the advantages of large
initial elastic stiffness, high deformability, good plasticity and
stable hysteresis, thereby being widely applied to
lateral-force-resisting structure systems.
[0005] The steel plate shear wall assemblies are novel anti-seismic
components which are designed in a manner that a series of vertical
slots are formed in the steel plates and a series of small curved
columns are formed by wall limbs between the vertical slots of a
steel plate wall to fulfill good ductility.
[0006] Due to the fact that existing steel plate shear wall
assemblies have a low degree of assembly and are connected with
beams and columns typically by full welding or by bolting and
welding, brittle failures may be caused in an earthquake by poor
quality of weld joints and lack of effective protection, and once
the steel plate shear wall assemblies are destroyed, these
assemblies are unlikely to be repaired, reinforced or replaced and
cannot continue to work anymore, which will inevitably affect the
reliability of the shear wall assemblies or lead to material
waste.
[0007] Steel plate shear wall assemblies which are able to
automatically resile after being deformed in an earthquake have
nowadays become available by horizontal arrangement of pre-stressed
steel strands, such as Patent Application No. 2015103100491.
However, the steel plate shear wall assemblies designed in such
manner have the problems of insufficient construction workface,
difficult installation and low energy-dissipation degree.
Fabricated replaceable steel plate shear wall assemblies have to be
entirely replaced, thus resulting in steel waste.
SUMMARY
[0008] The primary objective of the invention is to solve the
above-mentioned problems by providing a fabricated self-resilient
energy-dissipation double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure
which realizes fully-fabricated construction, allows steel plate
shear walls to be independently replaced, is easy to repair after
an earthquake, and is able to resile automatically.
[0009] To fulfill the above objective, the fabricated
self-resilient energy-dissipation double-steel-plate slotted shear
wall structure of the invention comprises steel columns, H-shaped
steel beams and a shear wall assembly, wherein the steel columns
are arranged on left and right sides of the shear wall assembly,
the H-shaped steel beams are arranged at upper and lower ends of
the shear wall assembly, and the shear wall assembly comprises left
and right groups of slotted wall plates which are connected in an
overlap manner through connecting plates I; and the shear wall
assembly is connected with flanges of the H-shaped steel beams
through angle steel;
[0010] Connecting ring plate assemblies are fixed to upper and
lower ends of each steel column; and each connecting ring plate
assembly comprises an outer ring plate, an inner ring plate and a
short side plate, wherein the short side plate is arranged between
the outer ring plate and the inner ring plate and is fixedly
connected with the outer ring plate, the inner ring plate and the
steel column;
[0011] The outer ring plate is connected with the flange of one
side of one H-shaped steel beam in an overlap manner through a
connecting plate II, the inner ring plate is connected with the
flange of the other side of the H-shaped steel beam in an overlap
manner through a connecting plate III, and the short side plate is
connected with a web of the H-shaped steel beam in an overlap
manner through a connecting plate IV;
[0012] A long side plate is fixedly arranged on a steel column tube
between the upper and lower connecting ring plate assemblies and is
connected with one slotted wall plate through a plurality of
self-locking hasps; each self-locking hasp comprises a hasp base to
be arranged on the long side plate and a hasp member to be arranged
on the slotted wall plate, wherein the hasp member comprises a
connecting arm and a hasp, the width of the hasp is greater than
that of the connecting arm, and the hasp base is provided with a
hasp slot matched with the hasp and a groove matched with the
connecting arm; and
[0013] A plurality of pre-stressed steel strands are arranged on
two sides of the long side plate, and each of the two ends of each
pre-stressed steel strand penetrates through the inner ring plate,
the flange of one side of the H-shaped steel beam and the
connecting plate III to be anchored to the connecting plate
III.
[0014] Furthermore, each group of slotted wall plates of the shear
wall assembly includes at least two slotted wall plates, and the
slotted wall plates are standard components prefabricated in a
factory, are of different models, and are assembled.
[0015] Furthermore, each slotted wall plate has a plurality of
S-shaped streamline slots.
[0016] Furthermore, both ends of each streamline slot adopt
circular arc transition to reduce stress concentration.
[0017] Furthermore, the number of the connecting plates I are two,
and the two connecting plates I are symmetrically arranged on front
and back sides of the shear wall assembly.
[0018] Furthermore, each H-shaped steel beam is connected with the
shear wall assembly through two pieces of angle steel which are
symmetrically arranged on front and back sides of the shear wall
assembly.
[0019] Furthermore, the slotted wall plates are connected with the
connecting plates I through high-strength bolts, the outer ring
plates are connected with the connecting plates II through
high-strength bolts, the inner ring plates are connected with the
connecting plates III through high-strength bolts, the short side
plates are connected with the connecting plates IV through
high-strength bolts, the shear wall assembly is connected with the
angle steel through high-strength bolts, and the flanges of the
H-shaped steel beams are connected with the angle steel through
high-strength bolts.
[0020] Furthermore, the high-strength bolts is able to withstand a
high pressure, and have a strength grade of 10.9 and a
specification of M16-M30.
[0021] An assembly method of the fabricated self-resilient
energy-dissipation double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure
comprises the following steps:
[0022] Step 1: connecting the steel columns and the steel beams
which are prefabricated in a factory, and tensioning and anchoring
the pre-stressed steel strands to form a beam-column frame;
[0023] Step 2: inserting the hasp members of the two bottom slotted
wall plates of the shear wall assembly into the corresponding hasp
bases, then horizontally rotating the slotted wall plates inwards
to self-lock and fasten the slotted wall plates, sequentially
assembling, from bottom to top, the remaining slotted wall plates,
and self-locking and fastening the remaining slotted wall
plates;
[0024] Step 3: assembling the connecting plates I on the front and
back sides of the shear wall assembly in a manner that the
connecting plates 1 are connected with the slotted wall plates on
the left and right sides in an overlap manner, and then fastening
the connecting plates I with high-strength bolts; and
[0025] Step 4: assembling the angle steel on front and back sides
of a junction between the shear wall assembly and the upper
H-shaped steel beam as well as front and back sides of a junction
between the shear wall assembly and the lower H-shaped steel beam,
and connecting the shear wall assembly with the H-shaped steel
beams through high-strength bolts.
[0026] The invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0027] (1) All components of the invention can be machined in a
factory, all field connections are completed with bolts,
fully-fabricated construction of steel plate shear walls is
realized, possible quality problems caused by field welding are
avoided, the construction progress is accelerated, and efficiency
is improved;
[0028] (2) A whole shear wall can dissipate energy first in an
earthquake through the multiple S-shaped streamline slots formed in
the steel plate shear wall assembly of the invention, so that
plastic deformation is controlled within the steel plate shear wall
assembly; the pre-stressed steel strands used for self-resilience
are arranged at the ends of the columns, so that the
energy-dissipation degree is high; and the structure is able to
resile automatically through the pre-stressed steel strands after a
major earthquake, so that the main structure is kept in an elastic
state all the time, and the seismic fortification objective of
preventing collapses under strong earthquakes is fulfilled; and
[0029] (3) The shear wall assembly of the invention consists of a
plurality of slotted wall plates, so that only damaged parts
instead of the whole structure need to be replaced after an
earthquake, the seismic fortification objective of maintenance
after medium earthquakes is fulfilled, the maintenance time is
shortened, the maintenance cost is reduced, and costs are
reduced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] FIG. 1 is a structural view of the invention;
[0031] FIG. 2 is a structural view of a steel column;
[0032] FIG. 3 is a connection structural view of the steel column
and an H-shaped steel beam;
[0033] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of FIG. 3;
[0034] FIG. 5 is a disassembled structural view of a self-locking
hasp;
[0035] FIG. 6 is an assembly schematic diagram of the
invention;
[0036] Reference Signs: 1, steel column; 2, H-shaped steel beam; 3,
slotted wall plate; 4, connecting plate I; 5, angle steel; 6, outer
ring plate; 7, inner ring plate; 8, short side plate; 9, long side
plate; 10, connecting plate II; 11, connecting plate III; 12,
connecting plate IV; 13, self-locking hasp; 14, connecting arm; 15,
hasp; 16, hasp slot; 17, groove; 18, pre-stressed steel strand.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0037] The invention is further described below in combination with
the accompanying drawings.
[0038] As shown in FIG. 1, the fabricated self-resilient
energy-dissipation double-steel-plate slotted shear wall structure
of the invention comprises steel columns 1, H-shaped steel beams 2
and a shear wall assembly, wherein the steel columns are arranged
on left and right sides of the shear wall assembly, and the
H-shaped steel beams are arranged at upper and lower ends of the
shear wall assembly.
[0039] The shear wall assembly comprises left and right groups of
slotted wall plates. Each group of slotted wall plates includes at
least two slotted wall plates 3. As shown in FIG. 1, each group of
slotted wall plates includes four slotted wall plates. Each slotted
wall plate has a plurality of S-shaped streamline slots. Both ends
of each streamline slot adopt circular arc transition to reduce
stress concentration. The two groups of slotted wall plates are
connected in an overlap manner through two connecting plates I 4
which are symmetrically arranged on front and back sides of the
shear wall assembly. The shear wall assembly is connected with
flanges of the H-shaped steel beams through two pieces of angle
steel 5 which are symmetrically arranged on the front and back
sides of the shear wall assembly, and each piece of angle steel has
an edge connected with a flange plate of one H-shaped steel beam
through a bolt and an edge connected with one slotted wall plate of
the shear wall assembly through a bolt.
[0040] As shown in FIG. 2, connecting ring plate assemblies are
fixed to upper and lower ends of each steel column. Each connecting
ring plate assembly comprises an outer ring plate 6, an inner ring
plate 7 and a short side plate 8, wherein the short side plate is
arranged between the outer ring plate and the inner ring plate and
is fixedly connected with the outer ring plate, the inner ring
plate and the steel column. A long side plate 9 is fixedly arranged
on a steel column tube between the upper and lower connecting ring
plate assemblies of each steel column.
[0041] As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the outer ring plate is
connected with the flange of one side of one H-shaped steel beam in
an overlap manner through a connecting plate II 10, the inner ring
plate is connected with the flange of the other side of the
H-shaped steel beam in an overlap manner through a connecting plate
III 11, and the short side plate is connected with a web of the
H-shaped steel beam in an overlap manner through two connecting
plates IV 12 which are arranged on two sides of the web of the
H-shaped steel beam;
[0042] As shown in FIG. 1, the long side plates are connected with
the slotted wall plates of the shear wall assembly through a
plurality of self-locking hasps 13. As shown in FIG. 5, each
self-locking hasp comprises a hasp base to be arranged on one long
side plate and a hasp member to be arranged on one slotted wall
plate of the shear wall assembly, wherein the hasp member comprises
a cylindrical connecting arm 14 and a rectangular hasp 15, the
diameter of the hasp is greater than the width of the connecting
arm, and the hasp base is provided with a hasp slot 16 matched with
the hasp and a groove 17 matched with the connecting arm.
[0043] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, a plurality of pre-stressed
steel strands 18 are arranged on two sides of each long side plate,
each of the two ends of each pre-stressed steel strand 18
penetrates through one inner ring plate, the flange of one side of
one H-shaped steel beam, and one connecting plate III to be
anchored on one connecting plate III, and the ultimate bearing
capacity of the pre-stressed steel strands 18 is 30%-50%.
[0044] All connections mentioned above, including the connection
between the slotted wall plates and the connecting plates I, the
connection between the outer ring plates and the connecting plates
II, the connection between the inner ring plates and the connecting
plates III, the connection between the short side plates and the
connecting plates IV, the connection between the slotted wall
plates and the angle steel, and the connection between the flanges
of the H-shaped steel beams and the angle steel, are realized
through high-strength bolts, wherein the high-strength bolts are
able to withstand a high pressure, and have a strength grade of
10.9 and a specification of M16-M30.
[0045] As shown in FIG. 6, an assembly method of the fabricated
self-resilient energy-dissipation double-steel-plate slotted shear
wall structure comprises the following steps:
[0046] Step 1: the steel columns and the steel beams which are
prefabricated in a factory are connected, and the pre-stressed
steel strands are tensioned and anchored to form a beam-column
frame;
[0047] Step 2: the hasp members of the two bottom slotted wall
plates of the shear wall assembly are inserted into the
corresponding hasp bases, then the slotted wall plates are
horizontally rotated inwards to be self-locked and fastened, and
the remaining slotted wall plates are sequentially assembled from
bottom to top and are then self-locked and fastened;
[0048] Step 3: the connecting plates I are assembled on the front
and back sides of the shear wall assembly in a manner that the
connecting plates 1 are connected with the slotted wall plates on
the left and right sides in an overlap manner, and then the
connecting plates I are fastened with high-strength bolts; and
[0049] Step 4: the angle steel is assembled on front and back sides
of a junction between the shear wall assembly and the upper
H-shaped steel beam as well as front and back sides of a junction
between the shear wall assembly and the lower H-shaped steel beam,
and the shear wall assembly and the H-shaped steel beams are
connected through high-strength bolts.
[0050] The above embodiments are only preferred ones of the
invention, and are not intended to limit the invention. Various
modifications and transformations can be made by those skilled in
the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and
improvements obtained without deviating from the spirit and
principle of the invention should also fall within the protection
scope of the invention.
* * * * *