U.S. patent application number 16/772986 was filed with the patent office on 2020-12-17 for compressor.
This patent application is currently assigned to DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. Invention is credited to Keiji AOTA, Yoshinari ASANO, Mitsushi ITANO, Daisuke KARUBE, Yuzo KOMATSU, Shun OHKUBO, Kazuhiro TAKAHASHI, Tatsuya TAKAKUWA, Tetsushi TSUDA, Yuuki YOTSUMOTO.
Application Number | 20200393176 16/772986 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005107932 |
Filed Date | 2020-12-17 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200393176 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ASANO; Yoshinari ; et
al. |
December 17, 2020 |
COMPRESSOR
Abstract
High efficiency of a compressor that compresses a mixed
refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is achieved. A
compressor (100) includes a motor (70) that has a rotor (71)
including permanent magnets (712) and thus is suitable for a
variable capacity compressor in which the number of rotations of
the motor can be changed. In this case, it is possible to change
the number of rotations of the motor in accordance with an air
conditioning load in an air conditioner (1) that uses a mixed
refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroechylene. It is thus
possible to enable high efficiency of the compressor (100).
Inventors: |
ASANO; Yoshinari; (Osaka,
JP) ; AOTA; Keiji; (Osaka, JP) ; ITANO;
Mitsushi; (Osaka, JP) ; KARUBE; Daisuke;
(Osaka, JP) ; YOTSUMOTO; Yuuki; (Osaka, JP)
; TAKAHASHI; Kazuhiro; (Osaka, JP) ; KOMATSU;
Yuzo; (Osaka, JP) ; OHKUBO; Shun; (Osaka,
JP) ; TAKAKUWA; Tatsuya; (Osaka, JP) ; TSUDA;
Tetsushi; (Osaka, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. |
Osaka |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Osaka
JP
|
Family ID: |
1000005107932 |
Appl. No.: |
16/772986 |
Filed: |
December 18, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
December 18, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2018/046630 |
371 Date: |
June 15, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25B 9/006 20130101;
C09K 2205/126 20130101; C09K 5/045 20130101; F25B 31/026 20130101;
F25B 2400/121 20130101; F25B 2400/07 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F25B 31/02 20060101
F25B031/02; C09K 5/04 20060101 C09K005/04; F25B 9/00 20060101
F25B009/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242183 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242185 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242186 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242187 |
Oct 5, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/037483 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038746 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038747 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038748 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038749 |
Claims
1. A compressor comprising: a compression unit that compresses a
refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene; and a motor
that has a rotor including a permanent magnet and that drives the
compression unit.
2. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is a
magnet-embedded rotor in which the permanent magnet is embedded in
the rotor.
3. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is formed
by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates in a
plate thickness direction, and a thickness of each of the
electromagnetic steel plates is 0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or
less.
4. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is formed
by laminating a plurality of plate-shaped amorphous metals in a
plate thickness direction.
5. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is formed
by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates each
containing 5 mass % or more of silicon in a plate thickness
direction.
6. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent
magnet is a Nd--Fe--B-based magnet.
7. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent
magnet is formed by diffusing a heavy-rare-earth element along
grain boundaries.
8. The compressor according to claim 6, wherein the permanent
magnet contains 1 mass % or less of dysprosium.
9. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein an average crystal
grain size of the permanent magnet is 10 .mu.m or less.
10. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent
magnet has a flat shape, a plurality of the permanent magnets are
embedded in the rotor to form a V-shape, and a holding force of a
part positioned at a bottom portion of the V-shape is set to be
higher than a holding force of other parts by
{1/(4.pi.)}.times.10.sup.3[A/m].
11. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is
formed by laminating a plurality of high-tensile electromagnetic
steel plates in a plate thickness direction, the plurality of
high-tensile electromagnetic steel plates each having a tensile
strength of 400 MPa or more.
12. The compressor according to claim 11, wherein the permanent
magnet forms a flat plate having a predetermined thickness, the
rotor includes an accommodation hole in which a plurality of the
permanent magnets are embedded, a non-magnetic space extending from
each of end portions of the permanent magnets accommodated in the
accommodation hole to a vicinity of a surface of the rotor, and a
bridge that is positioned on an outer side of the non-magnetic
space and that couples magnetic poles to each other, and a
thickness of the bridge is 3 mm or more.
13. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is a
surface-magnet rotor in which the permanent magnet is affixed to a
surface of the rotor.
14. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf).
15. The compressor according to claim 14, wherein when the mass %
of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC',
C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points: point A (68.6,
0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO,
and OA); the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
16. The compressor according to claim 14, wherein when the mass %
of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B, BD,
DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8 points: point G
(72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A (68.6, 0.0,
31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG); the line segment AA'
is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A'B is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment DC' is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line segment C'C is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and the line segments GI, IA, BD,
and CG are straight lines.
17. The compressor according to claim 14, wherein when the mass %
of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B,
BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points: point J
(47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N (68.6, 16.3,
15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'
(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and
CJ); the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91), the
line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
18. The compressor according to claim 14, wherein when the mass %
of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B,
BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points: point J
(47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9,
5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point
B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5,
70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line
segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ); the
line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43) the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
19. The compressor according to claim 14, wherein when the mass %
of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF,
FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points: point P (55.8,
42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F
(0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF); the
line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line
segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
20. The compressor according to claim 14, wherein when the mass %
of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP
that connect the following 4 points: point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R
(49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments; the line segment
PL is represented by coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the line segment RP is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525,
-0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and the line segments LQ and QR
are straight lines.
21. The compressor according to claim 14, wherein when the mass %
of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT,
and TS that connect the following 6 points: point S (62.6, 28.3,
9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point
B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8,
44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments, the line segment MA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A'B is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment FT is represented by
coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line segment TS is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and the line segments SM and BF are
straight lines.
22. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprises
62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire
refrigerant.
23. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprises
45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire
refrigerant.
24. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D' C, and CG that connect the
following 6 points: point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point
A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D' (0.0,
0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G, point I,
point A, point B, point D', and point C); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within
the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW,
and WG that connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point point I, point A,
point B, and point W); if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273), point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point point I, point A,
point B, and point W); if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014), point A
(0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, -0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286,
-0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point point I, point A,
point B, and point W); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point point I, point A,
point B, and point W).
25. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that connect the
following 5 points: point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0), point K'
(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point
J, point B, point D', and point C); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within
the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BW,
and WJ that connect the following 4 points: point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K' (0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801),
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); if
26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and if
36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and
AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
26. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN,
NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0,
28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line segments (excluding the
points on the line segment EI; the line segment U is represented by
coordinates (0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y,
-0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0); the line segment NE is represented by
coordinates (0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y,
-0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and the line segments JN and EI are
straight lines.
27. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane
(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and
GM that connect the following 5 points: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V
(11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM); the line
segment MM' is represented by coordinates (0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6,
y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4); the line segment MN is represented by
coordinates (0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y,
-0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02); the line segment VG is represented
by coordinates (0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y,
-0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4); and the line segments NV and GM are
straight lines.
28. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane
(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that
connect the following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line
segments; the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y, -0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and the line segment UO is a straight line.
29. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane
(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and
KQ that connect the following 5 points: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L
(28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these
line segments; the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235); the
line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y, -0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and the line segment TL is a straight line.
30. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane
(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that
connect the following 3 points: point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S
(21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line
segments; the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9); the
line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and the line segment TP is a straight line.
31. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG,
and GI that connect the following 6 points: point I (72.0, 28.0,
0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point
H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GI); the line segment IK is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), the line segment HR is represented
by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments KB' and GI
are straight lines.
32. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments U, JR, RG, and GI
that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G
(38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment GI); the line segment U is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0,
z), the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
33. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG,
and GM that connect the following 6 points: point M (47.1, 52.9,
0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point
H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GM); the line segment MP is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the
line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines.
34. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM
that connect the following 4 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G
(38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment GM); the line segment MN is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
35. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that
connect the following 3 points: point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S
(25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these
line segments; the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and the
line segment PS is a straight line.
36. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and
UQ that connect the following 4 points: point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U
(28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment B''D); the line segment DU is represented by
coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z), the line segment UQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133,
-0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z), and the line segments QB'' and
B''D are straight lines.
37. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising the compressor
according to claim 1.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a compressor to be used in
a refrigeration cycle apparatus considering environmental
protection.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] In recent years, from the point of view of environmental
protection, a refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as low GWP
refrigerant) having low global warming potential (GWP) has been
examined as a refrigerant to be used in an air conditioner. As the
low GWP refrigerant, a mixed refrigerant containing
1,2-difluoroethylene is firstly presented.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0003] However, the number of prior arts considering from an aspect
of high efficiency of an air conditioner that uses the
aforementioned refrigerant is small. For example, when the
aforementioned refrigerant is to be applied to an air conditioner
such as that disclosed in PTL 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent
Application Publication No. 2013-124848), there is a problem that
how high efficiency of a compressor is achieved.
Solution to Problem
[0004] A compressor according to a first aspect includes a
compression unit and a motor. The compression unit compresses a
mixed refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene. The
motor has a rotor including a permanent magnet and drives the
compression unit.
[0005] Due to the motor having the rotor that includes the
permanent magnet, the compressor is suitable for a variable
capacity compressor in which the number of rotations of the motor
can be changed. In this case, in the air conditioner that uses the
mixed refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroetylene, the
number of rotations of the motor can be changed in accordance with
an air conditioning load, which enables high efficiency of the
compressor.
[0006] A compressor according to a second aspect is the compressor
according to the first aspect, in which the rotor is a
magnet-embedded rotor. In the magnet-embedded rotor, a permanent
magnet is embedded in the rotor.
[0007] A compressor according to a third aspect is the compressor
according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which the
rotor is formed by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel
plates in a plate thickness direction. The thickness of each of the
electromagnetic steel plates is 0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or
less.
[0008] Generally, the thinner the plate thickness, the more it is
possible to reduce the eddy-current loss. The plate thickness is,
however, desirably 0.05 to 0.5 mm considering that processing of
electromagnetic steel plates is difficult when the plate thickness
thereof is less than 0.05 mm and that it takes time for
siliconizing from the steel plate surface and diffusing for
optimizing Si distribution when the plate thickness thereof is more
than 0.5 mm.
[0009] A compressor according to a fourth aspect is the compressor
according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which the
rotor is formed by laminating a plurality of plate-shaped amorphous
metals in a plate thickness direction.
[0010] This compressor realizes a motor having a less iron loss and
high efficiency, which enables high efficiency of the
compressor.
[0011] A compressor according to a fifth aspect is the compressor
according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which the
rotor is formed by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel
plates in a plate thickness direction, the plurality of
electromagnetic steel containing 5 mass % or more of silicon.
[0012] This compressor realizes, due to the electromagnetic steel
plates in which hysteresis is reduced by containing a suitable
amount of silicon, a motor having a less iron loss and high
efficiency, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.
[0013] A compressor according to a sixth aspect is the compressor
according to any one of the first aspect to the fifth aspect, in
which the permanent magnet is a Nd--Fe--B-based magnet.
[0014] This compressor realizes a motor capable of increasing a
magnetic energy product, which enables high efficiency of the
compressor.
[0015] A compressor according to a seventh aspect is the compressor
according to any one of the first aspect to the sixth aspect, in
which the permanent magnet is formed by diffusing a
heavy-rare-earth element along grain boundaries.
[0016] This compressor improves demagnetization resistance of the
permanent magnet and can increase the holding force of the
permanent magnet with a small amount of the heavy-rare-earth
element, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.
[0017] A compressor according to an eighth aspect is the compressor
according to the sixth aspect, in which the permanent magnet
contains 1 mass % or less of dysprosium.
[0018] This compressor improves the holding force of the permanent
magnet, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.
[0019] A compressor according to a ninth aspect is the compressor
according to any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect, in
which the average crystal gain size of the permanent magnet is 10
.mu.m or less.
[0020] This compressor improves the demagnetization resistance of
the permanent magnet, which enables high efficiency of the
compressor.
[0021] A compressor according to a tenth aspect is the compressor
according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which the
permanent magnet has a flat shape and in which a plurality of the
permanent magnets are embedded in the rotor to form a V-shape. The
holding force of a part positioned at the bottom portion of the
V-shape is set to be higher than the holding force of other parts
by {1/(4.pi.)}.times.10.sup.3[A/m].
[0022] This compressor suppresses demagnetization of the permanent
magnet, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.
[0023] A compressor according to an eleventh aspect is the
compressor according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in
which the rotor is formed by laminating a plurality of high-tensile
electromagnetic steel plates in a plate thickness direction, the
plurality of high-tensile electromagnetic steel each having a
tensile strength of 400 MPa or more.
[0024] This compressor improves durability of the rotor during
high-speed rotation, which enables high efficiency of the
compressor.
[0025] A compressor according to a twelfth aspect is the compressor
according to the eleventh aspect, in which the permanent magnet
forms a flat plate having a predetermined thickness. The rotor has
an accommodation hole, a non-magnetic space, and a bridge. A
plurality of the permanent magnets are embedded in the
accommodation hole. The non-magnetic space extends from each of end
portions of the permanent magnets accommodated in the accommodation
hole to the vicinity of the surface of the rotor. The bridge is
positioned on the outer side of the non-magnetic space and couples
magnetic poles to each other. The thickness of the bridge is 3 mm
or more.
[0026] This compressor improves durability during high-speed
rotation, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.
[0027] A compressor according to a thirteenth aspect is the
compressor according to the first aspect, in which the rotor is a
surface-magnet rotor. In the surface-magnet rotor, the permanent
magnet is affixed to the surface of the rotor.
[0028] A compressor according to a fourteenth aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0029] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is
used.
[0030] A compressor according to a fifteenth aspect is the
compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD,
DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segments BD, CO, and OA);
[0031] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0032] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0033] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0034] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
[0035] A compressor according to a sixteenth aspect is the
compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B,
BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
[0036] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0037] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0038] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0039] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0040] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0041] A compressor according to a seventeenth aspect is the
compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ);
[0042] the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0043] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91),
[0044] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0045] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0046] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0047] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0048] A compressor according to a eighteenth aspect is the
compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the
above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD
and CJ);
[0049] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43)
[0050] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0051] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0052] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0053] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0054] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0055] A compressor according to a nineteenth aspect is the
compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B,
BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF);
[0056] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0057] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0058] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0059] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0060] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0061] the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
[0062] A compressor according to a twentieth aspect is the
compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and
RP that connect the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q
(62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above
line segments;
[0063] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0064] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0065] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
[0066] A compressor according to a twenty-first aspect is the
compressor according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein, when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF,
FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A'
(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8,
38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line
segments,
[0067] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0068] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0069] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0070] the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112),
and
[0071] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
[0072] A compressor according to a twenty-second aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the
entire refrigerant, and
[0073] the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of
HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
[0074] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and
classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0075] A compressor according to a twenty-third aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the
entire refrigerant, and
[0076] the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of
HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
[0077] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and
classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0078] A compressor according to a twenty-fourth aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and
difluoromethane (R32), wherein
[0079] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, z, and a,
[0080] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that
connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0,
0.0), point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6,
0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G,
point I, point A, point B, point D', and point C);
[0081] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895,
0.0), point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W);
[0082] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
[0083] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
and
[0084] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
[0085] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is
used.
[0086] A compressor according to a twenty-fifth aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and
difluoromethane (R32), wherein
[0087] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, z, and a,
[0088] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9,
0.0), point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7,
-0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9, -0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B
(0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D' (0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4,
-0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point J, point
B, point D', and point C);
[0089] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801),
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0090] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0091] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
[0092] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87,
0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,
and point W).
[0093] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is
used.
[0094] A compressor according to a twenty-sixth aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane(R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
[0095] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN,
NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;
[0096] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0);
[0097] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and
[0098] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.
[0099] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal
to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L)
in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0100] A compressor according to a twenty-seventh aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf,
wherein
[0101] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N,
NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M'(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM);
[0102] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4);
[0103] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02);
[0104] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4);
and
[0105] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
[0106] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal
to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L)
in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0107] A compressor according to a twenty-eighth aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf,
wherein
[0108] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU,
and UO that connect the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments;
[0109] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
[0110] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and
[0111] the line segment UO is a straight line.
[0112] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal
to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L)
in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0113] A compressor according to a twenty-nineth aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf,
wherein
[0114] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT,
TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments;
[0115] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235);
[0116] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
[0117] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
[0118] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and
[0119] the line segment TL is a straight line.
[0120] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal
to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L)
in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0121] A compressor according to a thirtieth aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf,
wherein
[0122] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST,
and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments;
[0123] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0124] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and
[0125] the line segment TP is a straight line.
[0126] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal
to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L)
in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0127] A compressor according to a thirty-first aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
[0128] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB',
B'H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GI);
[0129] the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0130] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0131] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0132] the line segments KB' and GI are straight lines.
[0133] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
[0134] A compressor according to a thirty-second aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32,
wherein
[0135] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR,
RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
[0136] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0137] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0138] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
[0139] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
[0140] A compressor according to a thirty-third aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32,
wherein
[0141] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB',
B'H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GM);
[0142] the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0143] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0144] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0145] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines.
[0146] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
[0147] A compressor according to a thirty-fourth aspect is the
compressor according to any of the *first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32,
wherein
[0148] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR,
RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
[0149] the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0150] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0151] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
[0152] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
[0153] A compressor according to a thirty-fifth aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32,
wherein
[0154] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST,
and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T
(34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments;
[0155] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z),
[0156] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0157] the line segment PS is a straight line.
[0158] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
[0159] A compressor according to a thirty-sixth aspect is the
compressor according to any of the first through thirteenth
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32,
wherein
[0160] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'',
B''D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D
(0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment B''D);
[0161] the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z),
[0162] the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and
[0163] the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines.
[0164] In this compressor, the number of rotations of the motor can
be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus
high efficiency of the compressor can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
[0165] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a
thirty-seventh aspect includes the compressor according to any one
of the first aspect to the thirty-sixth aspect.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0166] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a
flammability test.
[0167] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments
that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0168] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %.
[0169] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass %(the content of R32 is 7.1 mass
%).
[0170] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, K',
and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in
a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1
mass %).
[0171] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5
mass %).
[0172] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2
mass %).
[0173] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9
mass %).
[0174] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7
mass %).
[0175] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3
mass %).
[0176] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7
mass %).
[0177] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1
mass %).
[0178] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8
mass %).
[0179] FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W;
and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0180] FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments
that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.
[0181] FIG. 16 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air
conditioner in which a compressor according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure is utilized.
[0182] FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of the compressor
according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0183] FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a motor sectioned along a
plane perpendicular to an axis.
[0184] FIG. 19 is a sectional view of a rotor sectioned along a
plane perpendicular to an axis.
[0185] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the rotor.
[0186] FIG. 21 is a sectional view of another rotor sectioned along
a plane perpendicular to an axis.
[0187] FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of a compressor
according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Definition of Terms
[0188] In the present specification, the term "refrigerant"
includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817
(International Organization for Standardization), and that are
given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of
refrigerant with "R" at the beginning; and further includes
refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such
refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given.
Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and
non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the
compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons
(HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene
(R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744),
ammonia (R717), and the like.
[0189] In the present specification, the phrase "composition
comprising a refrigerant" at least includes (1) a refrigerant
itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition
that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with
at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a
refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating
machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present
specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is
referred to as a "refrigerant composition" so as to distinguish it
from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants).
Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is
referred to as a "refrigeration oil-containing working fluid" so as
to distinguish it from the "refrigerant composition."
[0190] In the present specification, when the term "alternative" is
used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with
the second refrigerant, the first type of "alternative" means that
equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be
operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions,
optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the
following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve,
dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words,
this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated
with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of
"alternative" include "drop-in alternative," "nearly drop-in
alternative," and "retrofit," in the order in which the extent of
changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first
refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
[0191] The term "alternative" also includes a second type of
"alternative," which means that equipment designed for operation
using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the
existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second
refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is
achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
[0192] In the present specification, the term "refrigerating
machine" refers to machines in general that draw heat from an
object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature
of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words,
refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain
energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy
conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is
lower to where the temperature is higher.
[0193] In the present specification, a refrigerant having a "WCF
lower flammability" means that the most flammable composition
(worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning
velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a
refrigerant having "ASHRAE lower flammability" means that the
burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable
fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability:
WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during
storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF,
has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability
classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is
determined to classified as be "Class 2L."
[0194] In the present specification, a refrigerant having an "RCL
of x % or more" means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant
concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a
concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors.
RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity,
suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are
present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard.
More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute
toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL),
and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively
calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of
the ASHRAE Standard.
[0195] In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an
absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature
and the end temperature in the phase change process of a
composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in
the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.
(2) Refrigerant
(2-1) Refrigerant Component
[0196] Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A,
refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E,
details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used
as the refrigerant.
(2-2) Use of Refrigerant
[0197] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be
preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
[0198] The composition according to the present disclosure is
suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant
such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22
etc.
(3) Refrigerant Composition
[0199] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be
further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a
working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
[0200] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure further comprises at least one other component in
addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may
comprise at least one of the following other components, if
necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a
refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at
least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does
not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in
the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure,
the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire
refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more
preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
(3-1) Water
[0201] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content
of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less
based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained
in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the
molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present
in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated
fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the
stability of the refrigerant composition.
(3-2) Tracer
[0202] A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according
to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that
when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or
undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
[0203] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more
tracers.
[0204] The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from
commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an
impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present
disclosure is selected as the tracer.
[0205] Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons,
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons,
fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated
compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and
nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O). The tracer is particularly preferably a
hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon,
a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a
fluoroether.
[0206] The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.
FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF.sub.4) HCC-40 (chloromethane,
CH.sub.3Cl) HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF.sub.3) HFC-41
(fluoromethane, CH.sub.3Cl) HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CHF.sub.2) HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CH.sub.3) HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CH.sub.2F) HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CH.sub.3) HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH.sub.2FCH.sub.2F)
HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-245fa
(1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-236fa
(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CF.sub.3) HFC-236ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCHF.sub.2) HFC-227ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCF.sub.3) HCFC-22
(chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF.sub.2) HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane,
CH.sub.2ClF) CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF.sub.2.dbd.CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCHF.sub.2)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.3)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether,
CF.sub.3OCHFCF.sub.3) HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl
ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3)
[0207] The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant
composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million
(ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present
in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30
ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is
present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300
ppm.
(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye
[0208] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or
two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
[0209] The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent
dyes.
[0210] Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include
naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene,
thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives
thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably
either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.
(3-4) Stabilizer
[0211] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more
stabilizers.
[0212] The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected
from commonly used stabilizers.
[0213] Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and
amines.
[0214] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro
compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro
compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
[0215] Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.
[0216] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine
and diphenylamine.
[0217] Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and
benzotriazole.
[0218] The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the
content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more
preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor
[0219] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two
or more polymerization inhibitors.
[0220] The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
[0221] Examples of polymerization inhibitors include
4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether,
dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and
benzotriazole.
[0222] The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited.
Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is
preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %,
based on the entire refrigerant.
(4) Refrigeration Oil--Containing Working Fluid
[0223] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a
refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating
machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working
fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a
refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine
with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The
refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10
to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
(4-1) Refrigeration Oil
[0224] The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably
selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case,
refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing
the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture,
for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
[0225] The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for
example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of
polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl
ethers (PVE).
[0226] The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in
addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member
selected from the group consisting of antioxidants,
extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper
deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming
agents.
[0227] A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400
cSt at 40.degree. C. is preferable from the standpoint of
lubrication.
[0228] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one
additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents
described below.
(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent
[0229] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent,
or two or more compatibilizing agents.
[0230] The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.
[0231] Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene
glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters,
lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes.
The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a
polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
(5) Various Refrigerants
[0232] Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the
refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in
detail.
[0233] In addition, each description of the following refrigerant
A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E
is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line
segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative
examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A,
the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the
refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant
A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different
embodiment from each other.
(5-1) Refrigerant A
[0234] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0235] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of
performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a
sufficiently low GWP.
[0236] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally
further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following
requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties
desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a
refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are
equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0237] Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:
[0238] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
CO);
[0239] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0240] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3,
[0241] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0242] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0243] the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
[0244] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A.
[0245] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based
on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded
by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that
connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line segment CG);
[0246] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0247] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0248] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0249] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0250] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0251] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A
has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the
WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0252] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment
CJ);
[0253] the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0254] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91),
[0255] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0256] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0257] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0258] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0259] the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0260] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a
burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0261] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
[0262] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0263] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0264] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0265] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0266] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0267] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0268] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has
an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0269] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP
that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF);
[0270] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0271] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0272] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0273] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0274] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0275] the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
[0276] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an
RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0277] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect
the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q
(62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above
line segments;
[0278] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0279] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0280] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
[0281] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more
relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more,
furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide
of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0282] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS
that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point
A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0,
61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line
segments,
[0283] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0284] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0285] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0286] the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112),
and
[0287] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
[0288] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more
furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or
more relative to that of R410A.
[0289] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect
the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);
[0290] the line segment dg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0291] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0292] the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.
[0293] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0294] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0295] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and
il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line
segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
[0296] the line segment lg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0297] the line gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0298] the line segments hi and it are straight lines.
[0299] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) 7 according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0300] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0301] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and
fO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);
[0302] the line segment de is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0303] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0064z.sup.2-1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z.sup.2+0.1565z+34.499, z),
and
[0304] the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.
[0305] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0306] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0307] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0308] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le,
ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line
segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
[0309] the line segment le is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0310] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0311] the line segments fi and il are straight lines.
[0312] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0313] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0314] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0315] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa,
ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point c
(77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points O and c);
[0316] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y,
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0317] the line segment be is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0318] the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.
[0319] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0320] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0321] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0322] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb,
bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and point j
(72.5, 23.2, 4.3), or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
[0323] the line segment kb is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y, and
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0324] the line segment bj is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0325] the line segment jk is a straight line.
[0326] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard.
[0327] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties
and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0328] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more,
based on the entire refrigerant.
[0329] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one
additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant A)
[0330] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A
is not limited to the Examples.
[0331] The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed
refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the
values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated
therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and
HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating
capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing
theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed
refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology
(NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties
Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
[0332] Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL
of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol.
%, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the
ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5 K Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0333] Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3
Example 2 Example Ex. 4 Item Unit Ex. 1 O A 1 A' 3 B HFO-1132(E)
mass % R410A 100.0 68.6 49.0 30.6 14.1 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 0.0
14.9 30.0 44.8 58.7 R1234yf mass % 0.0 31.4 36.1 39.4 41.1 41.3 GWP
-- 2088 1 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 100 99.7 100.0 98.6 97.3
96.3 95.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 98.3 85.0 85.0
85.0 85.0 85.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.1
0.00 1.98 3.36 4.46 5.15 5.35 glide Discharge % (relative 100.0
99.3 87.1 88.9 90.6 92.1 93.2 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 --
30.7 37.5 44.0 52.7 64.0 78.6
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comp. Exam- Example Exam- Comp. Comp. Exam-
Comp. Ex. 5 ple 5 ple Ex. 6 Ex. 7 ple 7 Ex. 8 Item Unit C 4 C' 6 D
E E' F HFO-1132(E) mass % 32.9 26.6 19.5 10.9 0.0 58.0 23.4 0.0
HFO-1123 mass % 67.1 68.4 70.5 74.1 80.4 42.0 48.5 61.8 R1234yf
mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 19.6 0.0 28.1 38.2 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
COP ratio % 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 (relative to
410A) Refrigerating % 107.4 105.2 102.9 100.5 97.9 105.0 92.5 86.9
capacity ratio (relative to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.16
0.52 0.94 1.42 1.90 0.42 3.16 4.80 glide Discharge % 119.5 117.4
115.3 113.0 115.9 112.7 101.0 95.8 pressure (relative to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 53.5 57.1 62.0 69.1 81.3 41.9 46.3 79.0
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Ex. 9 8 9 10 11 12 Item Unit J P L N N' K HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3
7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2
2 COP ratio % (relative 93.8 95.0 96.1 97.9 99.1 99.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 104.1 101.6 95.0 88.2 85.0 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C. 0.31 0.57 0.81 1.41
2.11 2.51 Discharge pressure % (relative 115.8 111.9 107.8 99.0
91.2 87.7 to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.2 42.6 40.0 38.0 38.7 39.7
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S' T
HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.8 49.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass
% 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9 R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9
9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP -- 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative to 96.1
99.4 96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
101.6 85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacity ratio 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 0.81 2.58 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.55 2.07 glide
Discharge % (relative to 107.8 87.9 106.0 109.6 105.0 105.0 105.0
pressure 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 40.0 40.0 40.0 44.8 40.0 44.4 50.8
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comp. Exam- Exam- Ex. 10 ple 20 ple 21 Item
Unit G H I HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0
14.0 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 14.0 28.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 COP ratio %
(relative 96.6 98.2 99.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1
95.1 86.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.46
1.27 1.71 glide Discharge % (relative 108.4 98.7 88.6 pressure to
410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 37.4 37.0 36.6
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Comp. Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 11 Ex. 12 22 23 24 25 26 Ex. 13
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 91.4 92.0 92.8 93.7 94.7 95.8 96.9 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.7 105.5 105.0 104.3 103.3 102.0 100.6
99.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.40 0.46
0.55 0.66 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.67 glide Discharge % (relative 120.1
118.7 116.7 114.3 111.6 108.7 105.6 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 71.0 61.9 54.9 49.3 44.8 41.0 37.8 35.1
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ex. 15
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 91.9 92.5 93.3 94.3 95.3 96.4 97.5 98.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 103.2 102.9 102.4 101.5 100.5 99.2 97.8
96.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.87 0.94
1.03 1.12 1.18 1.18 1.09 0.88 glide Discharge % (relative 116.7
115.2 113.2 110.8 108.1 105.2 102.1 99.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 70.5 61.6 54.6 49.1 44.6 40.8 37.7 35.0
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 16 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ex. 17
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 92.4 93.1 93.9 94.8 95.9 97.0 98.1 99.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.5 100.2 99.6 98.7 97.7 96.4 94.9 93.2
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.41 1.49 1.56
1.62 1.63 1.55 1.37 1.05 glide Discharge % (relative 113.1 111.6
109.6 107.2 104.5 101.6 98.6 95.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
70.0 61.2 54.4 48.9 44.4 40.7 37.5 34.8
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0
40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 93.0 93.7 94.5
95.5 96.5 97.6 98.7 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 97.7 97.4
96.8 95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.03 2.09 2.13 2.14 2.07 1.91 1.61 glide Discharge % (relative
to 109.4 107.9 105.9 103.5 100.8 98.0 95.0 pressure 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.6 60.9 54.1 48.7 44.2 40.5 37.4
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.6 94.3 95.2 96.1
97.2 98.2 99.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.8 94.5 93.8
92.9 91.8 90.4 88.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.71 2.74 2.73 2.66 2.50 2.22 1.78 glide Discharge % (relative
105.5 104.0 102.1 99.7 97.1 94.3 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.1 60.5 53.8 48.4 44.0 40.4 37.3
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Item Unit Example 53 Example 54 Example 55
Example 56 Example 57 Example 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.8 97.8 98.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.7 87.3 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.46 3.43 3.35 3.18 2.90
2.47 glide Discharge % (relative 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.3 90.6
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.2 43.9 40.2
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Item Unit Example 59 Example 60 Example 61
Example 62 Example 63 Comp. Ex. 18 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0
R1234yf mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative to 95.0 95.8 96.6 97.5 98.5 99.6 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 88.9 88.5 87.8 86.8 85.6 84.1 capacity
ratio 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 4.24 4.15 3.96 3.67 3.24 2.64
glide Discharge % (relative to 97.6 96.1 94.2 92.0 89.5 86.8
pressure 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.2 59.8 53.2 48.0 43.7 40.1
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Example Example Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp.
Ex. Item Unit 64 65 19 20 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 40.0
40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 95.9
96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.8 85.4
84.7 83.6 82.4 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C.
5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 Discharge pressure % (relative to 93.5
92.1 90.3 88.1 85.6 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 67.8 59.5 53.0 47.8
43.5
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 41.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 41.0 39.0 37.0 35.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 95.1 95.3 95.6 96.0 95.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.5
101.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.78 0.79
0.80 0.81 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 glide Discharge % (relative 110.5
109.9 109.3 108.1 109.7 109.1 108.5 107.9 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 43.2 42.4 41.7 40.3 43.9 43.1 42.4 41.6
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
HFO-1132(E) mass % 60.0 62.0 61.0 58.0 60.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 33.0 31.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 34.0 32.0 R1234yf mass % 7.0
7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.5 96.4 96.6 96.8 96.0 96.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.7 99.1 98.4 98.1 97.8 98.0 97.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.95 0.95 1.18
1.34 1.33 1.32 1.53 1.53 glide Discharge % (relative 107.3 106.7
104.9 104.4 103.8 103.2 104.7 104.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
40.9 40.3 40.5 41.5 40.8 40.1 43.6 42.9
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 HFO-1123
mass % 30.0 28.0 26.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 14.0
14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.4 96.6 96.9 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 97.5 97.2 96.9 97.3 97.1 96.8 96.6 96.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.51 1.50 1.48
1.72 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.67 glide Discharge % (relative 103.5 102.9
102.3 104.3 103.8 103.2 102.7 102.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.1 41.4 40.7 45.2 44.4 43.6 42.8 42.1
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
HFO-1132(E) mass % 58.0 60.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 16.0
16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.9 97.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.3 96.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 96.1 95.8 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 95.9 95.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.65 1.63 1.93
1.92 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 glide Discharge % (relative 101.5 100.9
104.5 103.9 103.4 102.9 102.3 101.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
41.4 40.7 47.8 46.9 46.0 45.1 44.3 43.5
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 18.0
18.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 95.1 95.3 95.7 95.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.4 95.2 94.9 94.6 96.3 96.1 95.7 95.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.86 1.83 1.80
1.77 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 glide Discharge % (relative 101.2 100.6
100.0 99.5 104.5 104.0 103.0 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.7 42.0 41.3 40.6 50.7 49.7 47.7 46.8
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.1 96.3 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 95.1 95.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.2 95.0 94.5 94.2 94.0 93.7 95.3 95.1
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.11 2.09 2.05
2.02 1.99 1.95 2.37 2.36 glide Discharge % (relative 101.9 101.4
100.3 99.7 99.2 98.6 103.4 103.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
45.9 45.0 43.4 42.7 41.9 41.2 51.7 50.6
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121
HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0
22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 94.7 94.5 94.3 94.0 93.8 93.6 93.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.36 2.35 2.33
2.32 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.21 glide Discharge % (relative 102.5 102.0
101.5 101.0 100.4 99.9 99.4 98.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
49.6 48.6 47.6 46.7 45.8 45.0 44.1 43.4
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0
22.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.9 95.2 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 93.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 94.3 94.1 93.9 93.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.18 2.14 2.09
2.04 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.58 glide Discharge % (relative 98.2 97.7 97.1
96.5 102.4 101.9 101.5 101.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 42.6
41.9 41.2 40.5 52.7 51.6 50.5 49.5
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0
24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 93.5 93.3 93.1 92.8 92.6 92.4 92.1 91.8
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.56 2.54 2.51
2.49 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.33 glide Discharge % (relative 100.5 100.0
99.5 98.9 98.4 97.9 97.3 96.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.5
47.5 46.6 45.7 44.9 44.1 43.3 42.5
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0
24.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 95.3 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.6 91.3 91.0 93.2 93.1 92.9 92.7 92.5
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.28 2.22 2.16
2.86 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 glide Discharge % (relative 96.2 95.6 95.1
101.3 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.8
41.1 40.4 53.7 52.6 51.5 50.4 49.4
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0
26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 92.3 92.1 91.9 91.6 91.4 91.2 90.9 90.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.77 2.74 2.71
2.67 2.63 2.59 2.53 2.48 glide Discharge % (relative 99.0 98.5 97.9
97.4 96.9 96.4 95.8 95.3 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.4 47.4
46.5 45.7 44.8 44.0 43.2 42.5
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 18.0 16.0 14.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0
26.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.9 98.2 98.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 90.3 90.1 89.8 92.1 91.9 91.7 91.5 91.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.42 2.35 2.27
3.10 3.09 3.06 3.04 3.01 glide Discharge % (relative 94.7 94.1 93.6
99.7 99.3 98.8 98.4 97.9 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0
40.3 53.6 52.5 51.4 50.3 49.3
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0
28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.7 90.4 90.2 89.9 89.7 89.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.98 2.94 2.90
2.85 2.80 2.75 2.68 2.62 glide Discharge % (relative 97.4 96.9 96.4
95.9 95.4 94.9 94.3 93.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.3 47.4
46.4 45.6 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.4
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 HFO-1123
mass % 16.0 14.0 12.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0
28.0 28.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6 96.1 96.2 96.4 96.6 97.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.1 88.8 88.5 90.7 90.5 90.3 90.1 89.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.54 2.46 2.38
3.32 3.30 3.26 3.22 3.14 glide Discharge % (relative 93.2 92.6 92.1
97.7 97.3 96.8 96.4 95.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0
40.3 52.4 51.3 50.2 49.2 47.3
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185
HFO-1132(E) mass % 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0
30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 98.3 98.5 98.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.4 89.2 89.0 88.7 88.4 88.2 87.9 87.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.08 3.03 2.97
2.90 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.57 glide Discharge % (relative 94.9 94.4 93.9
93.3 92.8 92.3 91.7 91.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.4 45.5
44.7 43.9 43.1 42.3 41.6 40.9
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0
32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.2 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.6 89.5 89.3 89.1 88.9 88.7 88.4 88.2
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.60 3.56 3.52
3.48 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.26 glide Discharge % (relative 96.6 96.2 95.7
95.3 94.8 94.3 93.9 93.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 53.4 52.3
51.2 50.1 49.1 48.1 47.2 46.3
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 HFO-1123
mass % 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0
32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 98.5 98.7 98.9 99.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 87.7 87.5 87.2 86.9 86.6 86.3 86.0
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.20 3.12 3.04
2.96 2.87 2.77 2.66 2.55 glide Discharge % (relative 92.8 92.3 91.8
91.3 90.7 90.2 89.6 89.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.4 44.6
43.8 43.0 42.3 41.5 40.8 40.2
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0
34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.5 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.4 88.2 88.0 87.8 87.6 87.4 87.2 87.0
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.84 3.80 3.75
3.70 3.64 3.58 3.51 3.43 glide Discharge % (relative 95.0 94.6 94.2
93.7 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 53.3 52.2
51.1 50.0 49.0 48.0 47.1 46.2
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 HFO-1123
mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0
34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 98.0 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.8 96.8 96.9 97.1 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 86.7 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.6 87.2 87.0 86.8
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.36 3.27 3.18
3.08 2.97 4.08 4.03 3.97 glide Discharge % (relative 91.3 90.8 90.3
89.7 89.2 93.4 93.0 92.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.3 44.5
43.7 42.9 42.2 53.2 52.1 51.0
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225
HFO-1132(E) mass % 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 30.0 32.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 36.0
36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 97.1 97.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 86.4 86.2 85.9 85.7 85.5 85.9 85.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.91 3.84 3.76
3.68 3.60 3.50 4.32 4.25 glide Discharge % (relative 92.1 91.7 91.2
90.7 90.3 89.8 91.9 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 49.9 48.9
47.9 47.0 46.1 45.3 53.1 52.0
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 Example Example Item Unit 226 227
HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass
% 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.6 85.3 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 4.18 4.11 glide Discharge % (relative 91.0
90.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 50.9 49.8
[0334] These results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and
OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment CO); the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3, the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0335] The point on the line segment AA' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and
point A' by the least square method.
[0336] The point on the line segment A'B was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A', Example 3, and
point B by the least square method.
[0337] The point on the line segment DC' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and
point C' by the least square method.
[0338] The point on the line segment C'C was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C', Example 4, and
point C by the least square method.
[0339] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z)
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), point T (35.8, 44.9,
19.3), point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), and the
line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0340] The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E',
and F, by the least square method.
[0341] The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R,
and T, by the least square method.
[0342] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these
components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0,
100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or
below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40
g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0343] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %,
a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR
connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9)
or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
temperature glide of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0344] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass
%, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST
connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3)
or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.
[0345] In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing
flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc.
Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
[0346] Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants
whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were
determined to be classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0347] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference
numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed
camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating
lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring
filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or
more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping,
and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum
gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The
initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed
by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the
center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to
9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm)
equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as
the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital
video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0348] Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF
concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak
simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version
4.0.
[0349] Tables 35 and 36 show the results.
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 Item Unit G H I WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0
72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 9.6 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 18.4 28.0
Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 Item Unit J P L N N' K WCF HFO- mass % 47.1
55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 1132 (E) HFO- mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3
7.7 5.4 1123 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 Leak
condition that results Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ in WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
Shipping, -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 92% 90% 90% 66% 12%
0% release, release, release, release, release, release, liquid
liquid gas gas gas gas phase phase phase phase phase phase side
side side side side side WCFF HFO- mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0
72.0 1132 (E) HFO- mass % 28.0 17.8 17.4 13.6 12.3 9.8 1123 R1234yf
mass % 0.0 10.2 10.6 14.4 15.7 18.2 Burning cm/s 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 9 9 8 or less velocity (WCF) Burning cm/s 10 10 10
10 10 10 velocity (WCFF)
[0350] The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed
refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains
HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their
sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability.
[0351] The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line
segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is the base,
when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN,
and NK connecting the following 6 points: point J (47.1, 52.9,
0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1) point N' (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and point K (61.3,
5.4, 33.3), the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability. In the diagram, the
line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), and
the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91).
[0352] The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L,
and N, by the least square method.
[0353] The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N',
and K, by the least square method.
(5-2) Refrigerant B
[0354] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is
[0355] a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the
refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to
47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
[0356] a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a
total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire
refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1
mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
[0357] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to
that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of
R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability
(Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0358] When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of
HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B
according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising
47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and
WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be "Class 2L," which
is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard,
and which is further easier to handle.
[0359] When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior
with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that
of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or
HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further
improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present
disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes
superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative
to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or
HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further
improved.
[0360] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more,
and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0361] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant B)
[0362] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the
refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.
[0363] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and
38.
[0364] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions. Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C. Superheating temperature: 5
K Subcooling temperature: 5 K Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0365] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base
Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage,
Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0366] Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity,
which were calculated based on these results. The COP and
refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
[0367] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
[0368] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured
according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF
having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be
"Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0369] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 37 Compara- Compara- tive tive Example 2
Compara- Example 1 HFO- Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
tive Item Unit R410A 1132E Example 3 ple 1 ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5
Example 4 HFO-1132E mass % -- 100 80 72 70 68 65 62 60 (WCF)
HFO-1123 mass % 0 20 28 30 32 35 38 40 (WCF) GWP -- 2088 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 COP ratio % 100 99.7 97.5 96.6 96.3 96.1 95.8 95.4 95.2
(relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 100 98.3 101.9 103.1 103.4
103.8 104.1 104.5 104.8 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)
Discharge Mpa 2.73 2.71 2.89 2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.04 3.06 pressure
Burning cm/sec Non- 20 13 10 9 9 8 8 or less 8 or less velocity
flammable (WCF)
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 38 Compara- tive Compara- Compara- Compara-
Compara- Compara- Example tive tive tive tive tive 10 Example
Example Exam- Exam- Exam- Example Example Example HFO- Item Unit 5
6 ple 7 ple 8 ple 9 7 8 9 1123 HFO- mass % 50 48 47.1 46.1 45.1 43
40 25 0 1132E (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 50 52 52.9 53.9 54.9 57 60 75
100 (WCF) GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % 94.1 93.9 93.8 93.7
93.6 93.4 93.1 91.9 90.6 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 105.9
106.1 106.2 106.3 106.4 106.6 106.9 107.9 108.0 capacity (relative
ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 3.14 3.16 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.20 3.21
3.31 3.39 pressure Leakage test Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ -- conditions Shipping Shipping
Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping (WCFF)
-40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C.
-40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. 92% 92%
92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% release, release, release, release,
release, release, release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquid
liquid liquid liquid liquid phase phase phase phase phase phase
phase phase side side side side side side side side HFO- mass % 74
73 72 71 70 67 63 38 -- 1132E (WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 26 27 28 29 30
33 37 62 (WCFF) Burning cm/sec 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 5 velocity (WCF)
Burning cm/sec 11 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.5 8.5 8 or less 8 or less
velocity (WCFF) ASHRAE 2 2 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L flammability
classification
[0370] The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass %
of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while
having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability.
Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to
that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass %
to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are
stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower
flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance
equivalent to that of R410A.
(5-3) Refrigerant C
[0371] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following
requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
has various properties that are desirable as an alternative
refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and
a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and
a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0372] Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:
[0373] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and
a,
[0374] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that
connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0,
0.0), point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6,
0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G,
point I, point A, point B, point D', and point C);
[0375] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895,
0.0), point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W);
[0376] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
[0377] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
and
[0378] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When
the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the
above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more
relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower
flammability.
[0379] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0380] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0381] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9,
0.0), point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7,
-0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9, -0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B
(0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D' (0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4,
-0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point J, point
B, point D', and point C);
[0382] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801)
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0383] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0384] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
[0385] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87,
0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,
and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating
capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower
flammability, and is classified as "Class 2L," which is a lower
flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0386] When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0387] if 0<a.ltoreq.10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4
points:
point a (0.02a.sup.2-2.46a+93.4, 0, -0.02a.sup.2+2.46a+6.6), point
b' (-0.008a.sup.2-1.38a+56, 0.018a.sup.2-0.53a+26.3,
-0.01a.sup.2+1.91a+17.7), point c (-0.016a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.016a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0) or on
the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c);
[0388] if 10.0<a.ltoreq.16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0244a.sup.2-2.5695a+94.056, 0,
-0.0244a.sup.2+2.5695a+5.944), point b'
(0.1161a.sup.2-1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a.sup.2-0.3399a+24.8,
-0.1301a.sup.2+2.3358a+15.451), point c (-0.0161a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.0161a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c); or
[0389] if 16.5<a.ltoreq.21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0161a.sup.2-2.3535a+92.742, 0,
-0.0161a.sup.2+2.3535a+7.258), point b'
(-0.0435a.sup.2-0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a.sup.2+1.8991a-0.0661,
0.0739a.sup.2-1.8556a+49.6601), point c
(-0.0161a.sup.2+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a.sup.2-0.9959a+22.149, 0),
and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines oa, ab',
and b'c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in
the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a
COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point
b' is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line
formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to
that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A.
[0390] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above
properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and
still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0391] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or
more, based on the entire refrigerant.
[0392] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one
additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant C)
[0393] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the
refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.
[0394] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in
Tables 39 to 96.
[0395] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
[0396] For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the
refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were
obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following
conditions.
[0397] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0398] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C.
[0399] Superheating temperature: 5 K
[0400] Subcooling temperature: 5 K
[0401] Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0402] Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the
GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity
are ratios relative to R410A.
[0403] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 39 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex.1 Item Unit Ex.
1 A B C D' G I J K' HFO-1132 (E) Mass % R410A 68.6 0.0 32.9 0.0
72.0 72.0 47.1 61.7 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 58.7 67.1 75.4 28.0 0.0
52.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 31.4 41.3 0.0 24.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 32.4 R32
Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 2088 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
COP ratio % (relative 100 100.0 95.5 92.5 93.1 96.6 99.9 93.8 99.4
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 85.0 85.0 107.4 95.0 103.1
86.6 106.2 85.5 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 40 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 2 Item Unit A B
C D' G I J K' HFO-1132 Mass % 55.3 0.0 18.4 0.0 60.9 60.9 40.5 47.0
(E) HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 47.8 74.5 83.4 32.0 0.0 52.4 7.2 R1234yf
Mass % 37.6 45.1 0.0 9.5 0.0 32.0 0.0 38.7 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 49 49 49 50 49 50 COP ratio %
(relative 99.8 96.9 92.5 92.5 95.9 99.6 94.0 99.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 110.5 106.0 106.5 87.7 108.9
85.5 capacity to R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 41 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 16
Ex. 17 Ex. 18 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 Ex. 3 Item Unit A B C = D' G I J
K' HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 48.4 0.0 0.0 55.8 55.8 37.0 41.0 HFO-1123
Mass % 0.0 42.3 88.9 33.1 0.0 51.9 6.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.5 46.6 0.0
0.0 33.1 0.0 41.4 R32 Mass % 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 GWP
-- 77 77 76 76 77 76 77 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 97.6 92.5 95.8
99.5 94.2 99.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 112.0
108.0 88.6 110.2 85.4 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 42 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. 22 23 24 25 26 Ex. 4 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 42.8 0.0 52.1 52.1 34.3 36.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 37.8 33.4
0.0 51.2 5.6 R1234yf Mass % 42.7 47.7 0.0 33.4 0.0 43.4 R32 Mass %
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100 100 99 100 99 100 COP
ratio % (relative 99.9 98.1 95.8 99.5 94.4 99.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 109.1 89.6 111.1 85.3 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 43 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. 27 28 29 30 31 Ex. 5 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 37.0 0.0 48.6 48.6 32.0 32.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 33.1 33.2
0.0 49.8 4.0 R1234yf Mass % 44.8 48.7 0.0 33.2 0.0 45.3 R32 Mass %
18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 GWP -- 125 125 124 125 124 125 COP
ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.0 98.6 95.9 99.4 94.7 99.8
Refrigerating % (relative capacity ratio to R410A) 85.0 85.0 110.1
90.8 111.9 85.2
TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 44 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. 32 33 34 35 36 Ex. 6 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 31.5 0.0 45.4 45.4 30.3 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 28.5 32.7
0.0 47.8 2.4 R1234yf Mass % 46.6 49.6 0.0 32.7 0.0 46.9 R32 Mass %
21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150 150 149 150 149 150 COP
ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.2 99.1 96.0 99.4 95.1 100.0
Refrigerating % (relative capacity ratio to R410A) 85.0 85.0 111.0
92.1 112.6 85.1
TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 45 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 37 38 39 40 41 42 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 24.8 0.0 41.8 41.8 29.1 24.8 HFO-1123 Mass %
0.0 22.9 31.5 0.0 44.2 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5 50.4 0.0 31.5 0.0
48.5 R32 Mass % 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 GWP -- 182 182 181
182 181 182 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.4 99.8 96.3 99.4
95.6 100.4 Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 111.9 93.8 113.2
85.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00046 TABLE 46 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 43 44 45 46 47 48 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 21.3 0.0 40.0 40.0 28.8 24.3 HFO-1123 Mass %
0.0 19.9 30.7 0.0 41.9 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.4 50.8 0.0 30.7 0.0
46.4 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 198
199 198 200 COP ratio % (relative 100.6 100.1 96.6 99.5 96.1 100.4
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 112.4 94.8 113.6 86.7
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00047 TABLE 47 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 49 50 51 52 53 54 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 12.1 0.0 35.7 35.7 29.3 22.5 HFO-1123 Mass %
0.0 11.7 27.6 0.0 34.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 51.2 51.6 0.0 27.6 0.0
40.8 R32 Mass % 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 GWP -- 250 250 248
249 248 250 COP ratio % (relative 101.2 101.0 96.4 99.6 97.0 100.4
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 113.2 97.6 113.9 90.9
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00048 TABLE 48 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 55 56 57 58 59 60 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 3.8 0.0 32.0 32.0 29.4 21.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
3.9 23.9 0.0 26.5 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 52.1 52.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 34.8
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 300 300 298 299 298
299 COP ratio % (relative 101.8 101.8 97.9 99.8 97.8 100.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 113.7 100.4 113.9 94.9
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00049 TABLE 49 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. 61 62 63 64 65 Item Unit A = B G I J K' HFO-1132 (E) Mass
% 0.0 30.4 30.4 28.9 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 21.8 0.0 23.3 0.0
R1234yf Mass % 52.2 0.0 21.8 0.0 31.8 R32 Mass % 47.8 47.8 47.8
47.8 47.8 GWP -- 325 323 324 323 324 COP ratio % (relative 102.1
98.2 100.0 98.2 100.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0
113.8 101.8 113.9 96.8 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00050 TABLE 50 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 66 Ex.
7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 10 11 12 13 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 82.9 77.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 57.9
52.9 47.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass %
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP
ratio % (relative 92.4 92.6 92.8 93.1 93.4 93.7 94.1 94.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 108.4 108.3 108.2 107.9 107.6 107.2 106.8
106.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00051 TABLE 51 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 14 15 16 17 67 18 19 20 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0
60.0 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9
72.9 67.9 62.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 CO Pratio % (relative 95.0 95.4 95.9 96.4 96.9 93.0 93.3 93.6
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.8 105.2 104.5 103.9 103.1
105.7 105.5 105.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00052 TABLE 52 Item Unit Ex. 21 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex.
25 Ex. 26 Ex. 27 Ex. 28 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9
22.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 93.9 94.2 94.6 95.0 95.5 96.0
96.4 96.9 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 104.9
104.5 104.1 103.6 103.0 102.4 101.7 101.0
TABLE-US-00053 TABLE 53 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 68 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 17.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9
42.9 37.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 97.4 93.5 93.8 94.1 94.4 94.8 95.2
95.6 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 100.3 102.9 102.7
102.5 102.1 101.7 101.2 100.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00054 TABLE 54 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 36 37 38 39 69 40 41 42 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 62.9
57.9 52.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 96.0 96.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 94.0 94.3
94.6 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 100.1 99.5 98.9
98.1 97.4 100.1 99.9 99.6 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00055 TABLE 55 Item Unit Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex.
47 Ex. 48 Ex. 49 Ex. 50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 95.0 95.3 95.7 96.2 96.6 97.1
97.6 98.1 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 99.2
98.8 98.3 97.8 97.2 96.6 95.9 95.2
TABLE-US-00056 TABLE 56 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 70 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9
32.9 27.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 50 50 50 50 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative to 98.6 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 95.9 96.3
96.8 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 94.4 97.1 96.9
96.7 96.3 95.9 95.4 94.8 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00057 TABLE 57 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 58 59 60 61 71 62 63 64 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass %
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP
ratio % (relative to 97.2 97.7 98.2 98.7 99.2 95.2 95.5 95.8 R410A)
Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 94.2 93.6 92.9 92.2 91.4 94.2
93.9 93.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00058 TABLE 58 Item Unit Ex. 65 Ex. 66 Ex. 67 Ex. 68 Ex.
69 Ex. 70 Ex. 71 Ex. 72 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass
% 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 96.2 96.6 97.0 97.4 97.9 98.3 98.8
99.3 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 93.3 92.9
92.4 91.8 91.2 90.5 89.8 89.1
TABLE-US-00059 TABLE 59 Item Unit Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex.
77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 Ex. 80 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.9 97.2 97.7
98.1 98.5 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 91.1
90.9 90.6 90.2 89.8 89.3 88.7 88.1
TABLE-US-00060 TABLE 60 Item Unit Ex. 81 Ex. 82 Ex. 83 Ex. 84 Ex.
85 Ex. 86 Ex. 87 Ex. 88 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 2.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9
17.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 99.0 99.4 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.6
98.0 98.4 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 87.4
86.7 88.0 87.8 87.5 87.1 86.6 86.1
TABLE-US-00061 TABLE 61 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Comp. Item Unit Ex. 72 Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78
Ex. 79 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass
% 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio %
(relative to 98.8 99.2 99.6 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.7 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 85.5 84.9 84.2 84.9 84.6 84.3 83.9
83.5 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00062 TABLE 62 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 80 Ex. 81
Ex. 82 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative 99.1 99.5 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 82.9 82.3 81.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00063 TABLE 63 Item Unit Ex. 89 Ex. 90 Ex. 91 Ex. 92 Ex.
93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 Ex. 96 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 70.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 14.5
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 93.7 93.9 94.1 94.4 94.7 95.0 95.4
95.8 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 110.2 110.0
109.7 109.3 108.9 108.4 107.9 107.3
TABLE-US-00064 TABLE 64 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 97 83 98 99 100 101 102 103 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 30.5 25.5 65.5 60.5 55.5
50.5 45.5 40.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99
99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative to 96.2 96.6 94.2 94.4 94.6
94.9 95.2 95.5 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 106.6
106.0 107.5 107.3 107.0 106.6 106.1 105.6 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00065 TABLE 65 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 104 105 106 84 107 108 109 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5
60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative to 95.9 96.3 96.7
97.1 94.6 94.8 95.1 95.4 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 105.1 104.5 103.8 103.1 104.7 104.5 104.1 103.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00066 TABLE 66 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 111 112 113 114 115 85 116 117 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5
20.5 15.5 55.5 50.5 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative to 95.7 96.0 96.4
96.8 97.2 97.6 95.1 95.3 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 103.3 102.8 102.2 101.6 101.0 100.3 101.8 101.6 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00067 TABLE 67 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative to 95.6 95.9 96.2
96.5 96.9 97.3 97.7 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 101.2 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.3 98.7 98.0 97.3 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00068 TABLE 68 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 HFO- Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 1132 (E) HFO- Mass % 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 1123 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP % 95.6 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.7 97.1 97.5
97.9 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 98.9 98.6 98.3 97.9 97.4
96.9 96.3 95.7 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00069 TABLE 69 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 133 87 134 135 136 137 138 139 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 50.0 55.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 96.2
96.4 96.7 97.0 97.3 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative 95.0 94.3 95.8 95.6 95.2 94.8 94.4 93.8 ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00070 TABLE 70 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 HFO- Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 1132 (E) HFO- Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 40.5 35.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 1123 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP % 98.1 98.5 98.9 96.8 97.0 97.3
97.6 97.9 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 93.3 92.6 92.0 92.8
92.5 92.2 91.8 91.3 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00071 TABLE 71 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 HFO- Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 1132 (E) HFO- Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 1123 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP % 98.3 98.7 99.1 97.4 97.7 98.0
98.3 98.6 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 90.8 90.2 89.6 89.6
89.4 89.0 88.6 88.2 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00072 TABLE 72 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Item Unit 156 157 158 159 160 88 89 90 HFO-1132 (E) Mass
% 35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0
45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5
14.5 GWP -- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % 98.9 99.3
98.1 98.4 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating %
87.6 87.1 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.5 85.0 84.5 capacity ratio (relative to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00073 TABLE 73 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex.
Ex. Ex. Item Unit 91 92 93 94 95 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass %
50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.7 100.0 (relative
to R410A) Refrigerating % 83.3 83.0 82.7 82.2 81.8 capacity
(relative to ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00074 TABLE 74 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 HFO- Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 1132 (E) HFO- Mass % 63.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1
38.1 33.1 28.1 1123 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 149 149
149 149 149 149 149 149 COP % 94.8 95.0 95.2 95.4 95.7 95.9 96.2
96.6 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 111.5 111.2 110.9 110.5
110.0 109.5 108.9 108.3 erating (relative capacity to ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00075 TABLE 75 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 96 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 50.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 58.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative to 96.9 95.3
95.4 95.6 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
107.7 108.7 108.5 108.1 107.7 107.2 106.7 106.1 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00076 TABLE 76 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 176 97 177 178 179 180 181 182 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.0 97.4
95.7 95.9 96.1 96.3 96.6 96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
to R410A) 105.5 104.9 105.9 105.6 105.3 104.8 104.4 103.8 capacity
ratio
TABLE-US-00077 TABLE 77 Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 183 184 98 185 186 187 188 189 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % 97.2 97.5 97.9 96.1
96.3 96.5 96.8 97.1 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
103.3 102.6 102.0 103.0 102.7 102.3 101.9 101.4 ratio (relative to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00078 TABLE 78 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 190 191 192 99 193 194 195 196 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 35.0 40.0
45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.7
98.0 98.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.3 to R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative 100.9 100.3 99.7 99.1 100.0 99.7 99.4 98.9 ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00079 TABLE 79 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 197 198 199 200 100 201 202 203 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
3.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 97.6 97.9
98.2 98.5 98.9 97.1 97.3 97.6 to R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative 98.5 97.9 97.4 96.8 96.1 97.0 96.7 96.3 ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00080 TABLE 80 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 HFO- Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 1132 (E) HFO- Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1
33.1 28.1 23.1 1123 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0
35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP % 97.8 98.1 98.4 98.7 99.1 97.7
97.9 98.1 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 95.9 95.4 94.9 94.4
93.8 93.9 93.6 93.3 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00081 TABLE 81 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 HFO- Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 1132 (E) HFO- Mass % 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 28.1
23.1 18.1 13.1 1123 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP % 98.4 98.7 99.0 99.3 98.3 98.5
98.7 99.0 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 92.9 92.4 91.9 91.3
90.8 90.5 90.2 89.7 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00082 TABLE 82 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp.Ex. Item
Unit 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 101 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 8.1 3.1 23.1 18.1
13.1 8.1 3.1 18.1 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0
50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.3 99.6 98.9
99.1 99.3 99.6 99.9 99.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
R410A) 89.3 88.8 87.6 87.3 87.0 86.6 86.2 84.4 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00083 TABLE 83 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 102 Ex. 103
Ex. 104 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 13.1 8.1
3.1 R1234yf Mass % 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 100.0 100.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 84.1 83.8 83.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00084 TABLE 84 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 105 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 55.7 50.7 45.7 40.7
35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 95.9 96.0 96.2
96.3 96.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 112.2 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 110.2 109.6 109.0 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00085 TABLE 85 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 106 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7
30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 96.3 96.4
96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 97.8 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 109.4 109.2 108.8 108.4 107.9 107.4 106.8 106.2 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00086 TABLE 86 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 107 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 96.7 96.8
97.0 97.2 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 106.6 106.3 106.0 105.5 105.1 104.5 104.0 103.4 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00087 TABLE 87 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 108 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7
20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 97.1 97.3
97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.7 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 103.7 103.4 103.0 102.6 102.2 101.6 101.1 100.5 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00088 TABLE 88 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7
10.7 5.7 30.7 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
30.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 97.6 97.7 97.9
98.1 98.4 98.6 98.9 98.1 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 100.7 100.4 100.1 99.7 99.2 98.7 98.2 97.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00089 TABLE 89 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to 98.2 98.4 98.6
98.9 99.1 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 97.4 97.1 96.7 96.2 95.7 94.7 94.4 94.0 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00090 TABLE 90 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.7 5.7 20.7 15.7 10.7
5.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0
45.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to 99.2 99.4 99.1
99.3 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.8 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 93.6 93.2 91.5 91.3 90.9 90.6 88.4 88.1 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00091 TABLE 91 Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 279 Ex. 280 Ex.
109 Ex. 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass %
5.7 10.7 5.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 R32 Mass % 29.3
29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative 100.0
100.3 100.4 100.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.8 85.2
85.0 82.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00092 TABLE 92 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 281 282 283 284 285 111 286 287 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.9 35.9 30.9 25.9
20.9 15.9 35.9 30.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 298
298 298 298 298 298 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 97.8 97.9 97.9
98.1 98.2 98.4 98.2 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 112.5 112.3 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 109.8 109.5 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00093 TABLE 93 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 288 289 290 112 291 292 293 294 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9
30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 98.3 98.5
98.6 98.8 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 109.2 108.8 108.4 108.0 107.0 106.7 106.4 106.0 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00094 TABLE 94 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 295 113 296 297 298 299 300 301 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.9 5.9 25.9 20.9
15.9 10.9 5.9 20.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 99.0 99.2
99.0 99.0 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 105.6 105.2 104.1 103.9 103.6 103.2 102.8 101.2 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00095 TABLE 95 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.9 10.9 5.9 15.9 10.9
5.9 10.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 299 299
299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 99.5 99.6 99.7
99.8 99.9 100.0 100.3 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 101.0 100.7 100.3 98.3 98.0 97.8 95.3 95.1 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00096 TABLE 96 Item Unit Ex. 400 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 GWP -- 299
COP ratio % (relative 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
92.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
[0404] The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity
ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:
[0405] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %, a straight line connecting
a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the
base, and the point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) is on the left side, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition
diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that
connects point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0,
-0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3);
[0406] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801);
[0407] if 18.2a<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the
ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a
straight line AB that connects point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695)
and point B(0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682);
[0408] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714); and
[0409] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05).
[0410] Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85%
or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in
FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when
coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB,
the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or
more.
[0411] Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition
diagram, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or
on the left side of, a straight line D'C that connects point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6) and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0); or if 11.1<a.ltoreq.46.7, when coordinates are in the
entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or
more.
[0412] In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved
line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three
points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5,
70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of
R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line
that connects point C and point D' (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the
intersection of the approximate line and a point where the
concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line
segment D'C. In FIG. 4, point D'(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly
obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C
(18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where
the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C
and point D' was defined as the straight line D' C.
[0413] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database
REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage,
Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0414] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured
according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF
having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be
classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0415] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0416] The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.
TABLE-US-00097 TABLE 97 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex.
Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item 6 13 19 24 29 34 WC HFO-1132(E) Mass 72.0 60.9
55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 F % HFO-1123 Mass 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7
% R1234yf Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 % R32 Mass 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2
21.9 % Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 velocity (WCF)
TABLE-US-00098 TABLE 98 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 39
Ex. 45 Ex. 51 Ex. 57 Ex. 62 WCF HFO- Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32 30.4
1132(E) HFO-1123 Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf Mass % 0 0
0 0 0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity cm/s 10
10 10 10 10 (WCF)
TABLE-US-00099 TABLE 99 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex.
Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item 7 14 20 25 30 35 WC HFO-1132(E) Mass 72.0 60.9
55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 F % HFO-1123 Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 % R1234yf
Mass 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7 % R32 Mass 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5
18.2 21.9 % Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 velocity (WCF)
TABLE-US-00100 TABLE 100 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 40
Ex. 46 Ex. 52 Ex. 58 Ex. 63 WCF HFO- Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32 30.4
1132(E) HFO- Mass % 0 0 0 0 0 1123 R1234yf Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6
23.9 21.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity cm/s
10 10 10 10 10 (WCF)
TABLE-US-00101 TABLE 101 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 8 Ex. 15 Ex. 21 Ex. 26 Ex. 31 Ex. 36 WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 47.1
40.5 37.0 34.3 32.0 30.3 (E) HFO-1123 Mass % 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.2
49.8 47.8 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that results Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping Shipping
Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 92%
92% 92% 92% 92% 92% release, release, release, release, release,
release, liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid phase phase
phase phase phase phase side side side side side side WCFF HFO-1132
Mass % 72.0 62.4 56.2 50.6 45.1 40.0 (E) HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 31.6
33.0 33.4 32.5 30.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 0.0 0.0 R32
Mass % 0.0 50.9 10.8 16.0 22.4 29.5 Burning velocity cm/s 8 or less
8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning
velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00102 TABLE 102 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 41
Ex. 47 Ex. 53 Ex. 59 Ex. 64 WCF HFO- Mass 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.4 28.9
1132 % (E) HFO- Mass 44.2 41.9 34.0 26.5 23.3 1123 % R1234yf Mass
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % R32 Mass 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 % Leak
condition that Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ results
in WCFF Ship- Ship- Ship- Ship- Ship- ping ping ping ping ping
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., 92% 92% 92% 90% 86% release, release, release,
release, release, liquid liquid liquid gas gas phase phase phase
phase phase side side side side side WCFF HFO- Mass 34.6 32.2 27.7
28.3 27.5 1132 % (E) HFO- Mass 26.5 23.9 17.5 18.2 16.7 1123 %
R1234yf Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % R32 Mass 38.9 43.9 54.8 53.5
55.8 % Burning velocity cm/s 8 or 8 or 8.3 9.3 9.6 (WCF) less less
Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00103 TABLE 103 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 9 Ex. 16 Ex. 22 Ex. 27 Ex. 32 Ex. 37 WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 61.7
47.0 41.0 36.5 32.5 28.8 (E) HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.6 4.0
2.4 R1234yf Mass % 32.4 38.7 41.4 43.4 45.3 46.9 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that results Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping Shipping
Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 0%
0% 0% 92% 0% 0% release, release, release, release, release,
release, gas gas gas liquid gas gas phase phase phase phase phase
phase side side side side side side WCFF HFO-1132 Mass % 72.0 56.2
50.4 46.0 42.4 39.1 (E) HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 12.6 11.4 10.1 7.4 4.4
R1234yf Mass % 17.5 20.4 21.8 22.9 24.3 25.7 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.8
16.3 21.0 25.9 30.8 Burning velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s 10
10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00104 TABLE 104 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 42
Ex. 48 Ex. 54 Ex. 60 Ex. 65 WCF HFO- Mass 24.8 24.3 22.5 21.1 20.4
1132 % (E) HFO- Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1123 % R1234yf Mass 48.5
46.4 40.8 34.8 31.8 % R32 Mass 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 % Leak
condition that Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ results
in WCFF Ship- Ship- Ship- Ship- Ship- ping ping ping ping ping
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% release, release, release, release,
release, gas gas gas gas gas phase phase phase phase phase side
side side side side WCFF HFO- Mass 35.3 34.3 31.3 29.1 28.1 1132 %
(E) HFO- Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1123 % R1234yf Mass 27.4 26.2
23.1 19.8 18.2 % R32 Mass 37.3 39.6 45.6 51.1 53.7 % Burning
velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less
(WCF) Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0417] The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following
cases:
[0418] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass
% and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a
point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or
below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and
point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0);
if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273);
if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014);
and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0) and point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098).
[0419] Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point
I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following
five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were
obtained.
TABLE-US-00105 TABLE 105 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8
55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4
33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.026a.sup.2 - 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a.sup.2 - 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a.sup.2 - 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123
-0.026a.sup.2 + 0 . . . 7478a + 28.0 -0.02a.sup.2 + 0 . . . 6013a +
28.895 -0.0135a.sup.2 + 0.4068a + 30.273 Approximate expression
R1234yf 0 0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32
.gtoreq. 26.7 46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7
36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123
31.5 30.7 27.6 27.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a
HFO-1132(E) 0.0111a2 - 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.9918a +
63.902 Approximate expression HFO-1123 -0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014
-0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.0082a + 36.098 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 Approximate expression
TABLE-US-00106 TABLE 106 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8
55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf
28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.026a.sup.2 - 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a.sup.2 - 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a.sup.2 - 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0
0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.026a.sup.2 + 0.7478a + 28.0
-0.02a.sup.2 + 0.6013a + 28.895 -0.0135a.sup.2 + 0.4068a + 30.273
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0
R1234yf 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.6 23.5 21.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a.sup.2 - 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.9918a + 63.902
Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf
-0.0111a.sup.2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 -0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.0082a + 36.098
Approximate expression
[0420] The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the
refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and
the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is
"2L (flammability)" in the following cases:
[0421] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % and a straight
line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in
the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK'
that connects point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point
K'(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates
are on a straight line JK' that connects point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0)
and point K'(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636, -0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line
JK' that connects point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493, -0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507,
0.0) and point K' (-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0,
0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0)
and point K'(-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).
[0422] Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved
line that connects point J and point K' (on the straight line AB)
in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly,
when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK', WCFF lower
flammability is achieved.
[0423] Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point
K' (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following
five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were
obtained.
TABLE-US-00107 TABLE 107 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 47.1 40.5 37
37.0 34.3 32.0 32.0 30.3 29.1 HFO-1123 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.9 51.2
49.8 49.8 47.8 44.2 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0049a.sup.2 - 0.9645a + 47.1 0.0243a.sup.2 - 1.4161a + 49.725
0.0246a.sup.2 - 1.4476a + 50.184 Approximate expression HFO-1123
-0.0049.sup.2 - 0.0355a + 52.9 -0.0243a.sup.2 + 0.4161a + 50.275
-0.0246a.sup.2 + 0.4476a + 49.816 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
47.8 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.3 29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 44.2 41.9 34.0
34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0183a.sup.2 - 1.1399a + 46.493 -0.0134a.sup.2 + 1.0956a + 7.13
Approximate expression HFO-1123 -0.0183a.sup.2 + 0.1399a + 53.507
0.0134a.sup.2 - 2.0956a + 92.87 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0
Approximate expression
TABLE-US-00108 TABLE 108 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 61.7 47.0 41.0
41.0 36.5 32.5 32.5 28.8 24.8 HFO-1123 5.9 7.2 6.5 6.5 5.6 4.0 4.0
2.4 0 R1234yf 32.4 38.7 41.4 41.4 43.4 45.3 45.3 46.9 48.5 R32 x x
x HFO-1132(E) 0.0514a.sup.2 - 2.4353a + 61.7 0.0341a.sup.2 -
2.1977a + 61.187 0.0196a.sup.2 - 1.7863a + 58.515 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 -0.0323a.sup.2 + 0.4122a + 5.9 -0.0236a.sup.2 +
0.34a + 5.636 -0.0079.sup.2 - 0.1136a + 8.702 Approximate
expression R1234yf -0.0191a.sup.2 + 1.0231a + 32.4 -0.0105a.sup.2 +
0.8577a + 33.177 -0.0117a.sup.2 + 0.8999a + 32.783 Approximate
expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7 .gtoreq. R32
.gtoreq.36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 24.3
24.3 22.5 22.5 21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 48.5 46.4
40.8 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E) -0.0051a.sup.2 + 0.0929a +
25.95 -1.892a + 29.443 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0
Approximate expression R1234yf 0.0051a.sup.2 - 1.0929a + 74.05
0.892a + 70.557 Approximate expression
[0424] FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %)
is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %,
21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %,
and 47.8 mass %, respectively.
[0425] Points A, B, C, and D' were obtained in the following manner
according to approximate calculation.
[0426] Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass
%, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of
R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were
obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and
their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).
TABLE-US-00109 TABLE 109 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 68.6 55.3 48.4
48.4 42.8 37 37 31.5 24.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 31.4
37.6 40.5 40.5 42.7 44.8 44.8 46.6 48.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0134a.sup.2 - 1.9681a + 68.6 0.0112a.sup.2 - 1.9337a + 68.484
0.0107a.sup.2 - 1.9142a + 68.305 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0
0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0134a.sup.2 + 0.9681a + 34.1
-0.0112a.sup.2 + 0.9337a + 31.516 -0.0107a.sup.2 + 0.9142a + 31.695
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 24.8 21.3 12.1 12.1 3.8 0 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf
48.5 49.4 51.2 51.2 52.1 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0103a.sup.2 -
1.9225a + 68.793 0.0085a.sup.2 - 1.8102a + 67.1 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf
-0.0103a.sup.2 + 0.9225a + 31 . . . 207 -0.0085a.sup.2 + 0.8102a +
32.9 Approximate expression
[0427] Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that
of R410A is achieved.
[0428] Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each
of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate
expressions were obtained (Table 110).
TABLE-US-00110 TABLE 110 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 HFO-1123 58.7 47.8 42.3 42.3 37.8 33.1 33.1 28.5 22.9 R1234yf
41.3 45.1 46.6 46.6 47.7 48.7 48.7 49.6 50.4 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0 0 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0144.sup.a - 1.6377a + 58.7
0.0075a.sup.2 - 1.5156a + 58.199 0.009a.sup.2 - 1.6045a + 59.318
Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0144a.sup.2 + 0.6377a + 41.3
-0.0075a.sup.2 + 0.5156a + 41.801 -0.009a.sup.2 + 0.6045a + 40.682
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 HFO-1123 22.9 19.9 11.7 11.8 3.9 0 R1234yf
50.4 50.8 51.6 51.5 52.0 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0 0 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0.0046a.sup.2 - 1.41a + 57.286 0.0012a.sup.2 -
1.1659a + 52.95 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0046a.sup.2 +
0.41a + 42.714 -0.0012a.sup.2 + 0.1659a + 47.05 Approximate
expression
[0429] Point D' is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is
achieved.
[0430] Three points corresponding to point D' were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 111).
TABLE-US-00111 TABLE 111 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1
11.1 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 HFO-1123 75.4 83.4 88.9 R1234yf 24.6 9.5 0
R32 a HFO-1132(E) 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0224a.sup.2 +
0.968a + 75.4 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0224a.sup.2 -
1.968a + 24.6 Approximate expression
[0431] Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %,
and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
[0432] Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 112).
TABLE-US-00112 TABLE 112 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R23 > 0 R32 0 7.1
11.1 HFO-1132(E) 32.9 18.4 0 HFO-1123 67.1 74.5 88.9 R1234yf 0 0 0
R32 a HFO-1132(E) -0.2304a.sup.2 - 0.4062a + 32.9 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0.2304a.sup.2 - 0.5938a + 67.1 Approximate
expression R1234yf 0 Approximate expression
(5-4) Refrigerant D
[0433] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0434] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of
R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L)
according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0435] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0436] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that
connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);
[0437] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0);
[0438] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and
[0439] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0440] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0441] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that
connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM);
[0442] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4);
[0443] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02);
[0444] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4);
and
[0445] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0446] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0447] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect
the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments;
[0448] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
[0449] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and
[0450] the line segment UO is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0451] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0452] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that
connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments;
[0453] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235);
[0454] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
[0455] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
[0456] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and
[0457] the line segment TL is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0458] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0459] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments;
[0460] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0461] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and
[0462] the line segment TP is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0463] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0464] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that
connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3), point f
(47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line
segments;
[0465] the line segment ac is represented by coordinates
(0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904);
[0466] the line segment fd is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and
[0467] the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0468] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0469] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that
connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9), point e
(51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line
segments;
[0470] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904);
[0471] the line segment ed is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and
[0472] the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0473] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0474] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect
the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and point j
(77.5. 18.4, 4.1), or on these line segments;
[0475] the line segment gi is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604);
and
[0476] the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability.
[0477] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0478] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect
the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and point k
(77.5, 14.6, 7.9), or on these line segments;
[0479] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604);
and
[0480] the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability.
[0481] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.
[0482] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant D)
[0483] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the
refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.
[0484] The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was
performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK
Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping,
Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The
most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0485] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show
the results.
TABLE-US-00113 TABLE 113 Comparative Example 13 Example Example 12
Example Example 14 Example Example 16 Item Unit I 11 J 13 K 15 L
WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 72 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32 28.9 (E) R32 Mass % 0
10 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 28 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6
23.8 19.4 Burning Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCF)
TABLE-US-00114 TABLE 114 Comparative Example 14 Example Example 19
Example Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 WCF HFO-1132
Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.6 (E) R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0
14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.8 Leak
condition that results Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ in WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
Shipping -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
release, release, release, release, release, release, on the on the
on the on the on the on the gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase
gas phase gas phase side side side side side side WCFF HFO-1132
Mass % 72.0 57.8 48.7 43.6 40.6 34.9 (E) R32 Mass % 0.0 9.5 17.9
24.2 28.7 38.1 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.7 33.4 32.2 30.7 27.0 Burning
velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8
or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00115 TABLE 115 Exam- Exam- ple 23 Exam- ple 25 Item Unit
O ple 24 P WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 HFO-1123 Mass %
36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 Leak condition that
results in WCFF Storage, Storage, Storage, Shipping, Shipping,
Shipping, -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 0% re- 0%
re- 0% re- lease, on lease, on lease, on the gas the gas the gas
phase phase phase side side side WCFF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 31.4 29.2
27.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 51.1 56.4 R1234yf Mass % 23.0 19.7 16.5
Burning Velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning
Velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10
[0486] The results indicate that under the condition that the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line
segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or
below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower
flammability.
[0487] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in
the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line
segments that connect point M, point M', point W, point J, point N,
and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an
ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0488] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on
the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of
performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio
relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to
144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as
described below.
[0489] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0490] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C.
[0491] Degree of superheating: 5 K
[0492] Degree of subcooling: 5 K
[0493] Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0494] Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00116 TABLE 116 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3
Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A'
B' A'' B'' HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 81.6 0.0 63.1 0.0 48.2 0.0 R32
Mass % 18.4 18.1 36.9 36.7 51.8 51.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 81.9 0.0
63.3 0.0 48.5 GWP -- 2088 125 125 250 250 350 350 COP Ratio %
(relative 100 98.7 103.6 98.7 102.3 99.2 102.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100 105.3 62.5 109.9 77.5 112.1 87.3
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00117 TABLE 117 Comparative Comparative Example 8
Comparative Example 10 Example Example 2 Example Example 4 Item
Unit C Example 9 C' 1 R 3 T HFO-1132(E) Mass % 85.5 66.1 52.1 37.8
25.5 16.6 8.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.6 R1234yf
Mass % 14.5 23.9 29.7 34.6 37.7 39.2 39.8 GWP -- 1 69 125 188 250
300 350 COP Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.3 99.3 99.6 100.2 100.8 101.4
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5
92.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00118 TABLE 118 Comparative Comparative Example 11 Example
Example 6 Example Example 8 Example 12 Example Example 10 Item Unit
E 5 N 7 U G 9 V HFO-1132(E) Mass % 58.3 40.5 27.7 14.9 3.9 39.6
22.8 11.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.7 0.0 10.0 18.1 R1234yf
Mass % 41.7 49.5 54.1 57.5 59.4 60.4 67.2 70.9 GWP -- 2 70 125 189
250 3 70 125 COP Ratio % (relative 100.3 100.3 100.7 101.2 101.9
101.4 101.8 102.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.0 80.0
80.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00119 TABLE 119 Comparative Example 13 Example Example 12
Example Example 14 Example Example 16 Example 17 Item Unit I 11 J
13 K 15 L Q HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32.0 28.9
44.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 23.0 R1234yf Mass
% 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 32.4 GWP -- 2 69 125 188 250
300 350 157 COP Ratio % (relative to R410A) 99.9 99.5 99.4 99.5
99.6 99.8 100.1 99.4 Refrigerating % (relative to 86.6 88.4 90.9
94.2 97.7 100.5 103.3 92.5 Capacity Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00120 TABLE 120 Comparative Example 14 Example Example 19
Example Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.5 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5
18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.9 GWP -- 2 36
70 100 125 188 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.5 100.9 100.9 100.8
100.7 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 77.1 74.8 75.6 77.8
80.0 85.5 Capacity Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00121 TABLE 121 Exam- Exam- Exam- ple 23 Exam- ple 25 ple
26 Item Unit O ple 24 P S HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 21.9
R32 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.7 39.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 38.4
GWP -- 250 300 350 270 COP Ratio % (relative 100.4 100.5 100.6
100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative Capacity to R410A) 91.0
95.0 99.1 92.5 Ratio
TABLE-US-00122 TABLE 122 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Example 18 27 28 Example 19 Exampe
20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32
Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R1234yf Mass % 85.0 75.0
65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 GWP -- 37 37 37 36 36 36 35 35 COP
Ratio % (relative 103.4 102.6 101.6 100.8 100.2 99.8 99.6 99.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative Capacity Ratio to R410A) 56.4 63.3
69.5 75.2 80.5 85.4 90.1 94.4
TABLE-US-00123 TABLE 123 Comparative Comparative Example
Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 21 Example 22 29 Example 23 30 Example 24 Example 25
Example 26 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
80.0 R32 Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R1234yf
Mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 71 71 70 70
70 69 69 69 COP Ratio % (relative 103.1 102.1 101.1 100.4 99.8 99.5
99.2 99.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 61.8 68.3 74.3 79.7
84.9 89.7 94.2 98.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00124 TABLE 124 Comparative Example Comparative Example
Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 31
Example 28 32 33 Example 29 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0
25.0 15.0 5.0 GWP -- 104 104 104 103 103 103 103 102 COP Ratio %
(relative 102.7 101.6 100.7 100.0 99.5 99.2 99.0 98.9 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative Capacity Ratio to R410A) 66.6 72.9 78.6
84.0 89.0 93.7 98.1 102.2
TABLE-US-00125 TABLE 125 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 32 Example 33 Example 34 Example 35 Example 36 Example
37 Example 38 Example 39 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
25.0 R1234yf Mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 65.0 GWP --
138 138 137 137 137 136 136 171 COP Ratio % (relative 102.3 101.2
100.4 99.7 99.3 99.0 98.8 101.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
71.0 77.1 82.7 88.0 92.9 97.5 101.7 75.0 Capacity Ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00126 TABLE 126 Example Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Item Unit
34 Example 40 Example 41 Example 42 Example 43 Example 44 Example
45 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 20.0
R32 Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass %
55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 50.0 GWP -- 171 171 171 170 170
170 205 205 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 100.1 99.6 99.2 98.9 98.7
101.6 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 81.0 86.6 91.7 96.5
101.0 105.2 78.9 84.8 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00127 TABLE 127 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Example Example Comparative Item Unit Example
46 Eample 47 Example 48 Example 49 36 37 38 Example 50 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 GWP -- 204 204 204 204 239 238 238 238 COP
Ratio % (relative 100.0 99.5 99.1 98.8 101.4 100.6 99.9 99.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.2 95.3 100.0 104.4 82.5 88.3
93.7 98.6 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00128 TABLE 128 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 39 Example 55 Example
56 Example 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 R1234yf
Mass % 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 45.0 GWP -- 237 237 272
272 272 271 271 306 COP Ratio % (relative 99.0 98.8 101.3 100.6
99.9 99.4 99.0 101.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.2
107.5 86.0 91.7 96.9 101.8 106.3 89.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00129 TABLE 129 Example Example Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit 40 41 Example
58 Example 59 Example 60 42 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0
45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 40.0
30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 305 305 305 304 339 339 339 338 COP Ratio %
(relative 100.6 100.0 99.5 99.1 101.3 100.6 100.0 99.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 100.0 104.7 109.2 92.4 97.8 102.9
107.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00130 TABLE 130 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Example Example Example Item Unit Example 63
Example 64 Example 65 Example 66 43 44 45 46 HFO-1132(E) Mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 R32 Mass % 55.0 55.0 55.0
55.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 38.0
35.0 32.0 GWP -- 373 372 372 372 22 22 22 22 COP Ratio % (relative
101.4 100.7 100.1 99.6 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.3 100.6 105.6 110.2 81.7 83.2 84.6
86.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00131 TABLE 131 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 49.0 52.0 55.0 58.0 61.0 43.0 46.0 49.0 R32 Mass
% 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 42.0 39.0
36.0 33.0 48.0 45.0 42.0 GWP -- 43 43 43 43 42 63 63 63 COP Ratio %
(relative 100.2 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.7 100.3 100.1 99.9 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 80.9 82.4 83.9 85.4 86.8 80.4 82.0 83.5
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00132 TABLE 132 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.0 55.0 58.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 50.0 R32 Mass
% 9.0 9.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 R1234yf Mass % 39.0 36.0
33.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 GWP -- 63 63 63 83 83 83 83 83 COP
Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.7 99.6 100.3 100.1 100.0 99.8 99.7 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 86.5 87.9 80.4 82.0 83.5 85.1
86.6 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00133 TABLE 133 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 HFO-1132
(E) Mass % 53.0 33.0 36.0 39.0 42.0 45.0 48.0 51.0 R32 Mass % 12.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 52.0 49.0
46.0 43.0 40.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 83 104 104 103 103 103 103 103 COP
Ratio % (relative 99.6 100.5 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.7 99.6 99.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 80.3 81.9 83.5 85.0 86.5 88.0
89.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00134 TABLE 134 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 36.0 R32 Mass
% 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 53.0 50.0
47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 61.0 GWP -- 124 124 124 124 124 123 123 23
COP Ratio % (relative 100.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 99.6 99.5 101.3
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.6 82.2 83.8 85.4 86.9 88.4
89.9 71.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00135 TABLE 135 Item Unit Example 79 Example 80 Example 81
Example 82 Example 83 Example 84 Example 85 Example 86 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 39.0 42.0 30.0 33.0 36.0 26.0 29.0 32.0 R32 Mass % 3.0 3.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 58.0 55.0 64.0 61.0 58.0
65.0 62.0 59.0 GWP -- 23 23 43 43 43 64 64 63 COP Ratio %(relative
101.1 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.0 101.6 101.3 101.1 to R410A)
Refrigerating %(relative 72.7 74.4 70.5 72.2 73.9 71.0 72.8 74.5
Capacity to R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00136 TABLE 136 Item Unit Example 87 Example 88 Example 89
Example 90 Example 91 Example 92 Example 93 Example 94 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 12.0 12.0
12.0 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0
69.0 66.0 63.0 60.0 GWP -- 84 84 84 84 104 104 104 104 COP Ratio
%(relative 101.8 101.5 101.2 101.0 102.1 101.8 101.4 101.2 to
R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 70.8 72.6 74.3 76.0 70.4 72.3 74.0
75.8 Capacity to R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00137 TABLE 137 Item Unit Example 95 Example 96 Example 97
Example 98 Example 99 Example 100 Example 101 Example 102
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 28.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 25.0 R32 Mass
% 15.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 21.0 R1234yf Mass % 57.0 70.0
67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 55.0 54.0 GWP -- 104 124 124 124 124 124 124
144 COP Ratio %(relative 100.9 102.2 101.9 101.6 101.3 101.0 100.7
100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 77.5 70.5 72.4 74.2 76.0
77.7 79.4 80.7 Capacity to R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00138 TABLE 138 Item Unit Example 103 Example 104 Example
105 Example 106 Example 107 Example 108 Example 109 Example 110
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 17.0 20.0 23.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 R32 Mass
% 24.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 52.0
56.0 53.0 50.0 57.0 54.0 51.0 GWP -- 164 164 185 185 184 205 205
205 COP Ratio %(relative 100.9 100.6 101.1 100.8 100.6 101.3 101.0
100.8 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 80.8 82.5 80.8 82.5 84.2
80.7 82.5 84.2 Capacity to R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00139 TABLE 139 Item Unit Example 111 Example 112 Example
113 Example 114 Example 115 Example 116 Example 117 Example 118
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 8.0 12.0 R32 Mass %
30.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 36.0 36.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.0 58.0
55.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 56.0 52.0 GWP -- 205 225 225 225 225 225 245
245 COP Ratio %(relative 100.5 101.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 100.5 101.6
101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 85.9 80.5 82.3 84.1 85.8
87.5 82.0 84.4 Capacity to R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00140 TABLE 140 Item Unit Example 119 Example 120 Example
121 Example 122 Example 123 Example 124 Example 125 Example 126
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 18.0 21.0 42.0 39.0 34.0 37.0 30.0 R32 Mass
% 36.0 36.0 36.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 31.0 34.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.0 46.0
43.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 32.0 36.0 GWP -- 245 245 245 170 191 211 211
231 COP Ratio %(relative 101.0 100.7 100.5 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.6 99.9
to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 86.2 87.9 89.6 92.7 93.4 93.0
94.5 93.0 Capacity to R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00141 TABLE 141 Item Unit Example 127 Example 128 Example
129 Example 130 Example 131 Example 132 Example 133 Example 134
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 33.0 36.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 23.0 26.0 R32 Mass
% 34.0 34.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 40.0 40.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 30.0
39.0 36.0 33.0 30.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 231 231 252 251 251 251 272
272 COP Ratio %(relative 99.8 99.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 100.4
100.2 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 94.5 96.0 91.9 93.4 95.0
96.5 93.3 94.9 Capacity to R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00142 TABLE 142 Item Unit Example 135 Example 136 Example
137 Example 138 Example 139 Example 140 Example 141 Example 142
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 18.0 R32 Mass
% 40.0 40.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 46.0 R1234yf Mass % 31.0 28.0
38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 26.0 36.0 GWP -- 272 271 292 292 292 292 292
312 COP Ratio %(relative 100.0 99.8 100.6 100.4 100.2 100.1 99.9
100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 96.4 97.9 93.1 94.7 96.2
97.8 99.3 94.4 Capacity to R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00143 TABLE 143 Item Unit Example 143 Example 144 Example
145 Example 146 Example 147 Example 148 Example 149 Example 150
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 23.0 26.0 29.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 R32 Mass
% 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 31.0
28.0 25.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 GWP -- 312 312 312 312 332 332 332
332 COP Ratio %(relative 100.5 100.4 100.2 100.0 101.1 100.9 100.7
100.5 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 96.0 97.0 98.6 100.1 93.5
95.1 96.7 98.3 Capacity to R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00144 TABLE 144 Exam- Exam- Item Unit ple 151 ple 152
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 28.0 R32 Mass % 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass %
26.0 23.0 GWP -- 332 332 COP Ratio % (relative 100.3 100.1 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.8 101.3 Capacity to R410A)
Ratio
[0495] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the
following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E
(58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment EI),
[0496] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0),
[0497] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7), and
[0498] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the
refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more
relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0499] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that connect
the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM),
[0500] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4),
[0501] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02),
[0502] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4),
and
[0503] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the
refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a
GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0504] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the
following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments,
[0505] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488),
[0506] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365),
and
[0507] the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0508] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the
following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments,
[0509] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235),
[0510] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
[0511] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512),
[0512] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324),
and
[0513] the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
a WCF lower flammability.
[0514] The results further indicate that under the condition that
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the
following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments,
[0515] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9),
[0516] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
and
[0517] the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
(5-5) Refrigerant E
[0518] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32).
[0519] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that
of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.
[0520] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0521] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GI);
[0522] the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0523] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0524] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0525] the line segments KB' and GI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93%
or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0526] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0527] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that
connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
[0528] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0529] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0530] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93%
or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0531] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0532] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GM);
[0533] the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0534] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0535] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0536] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or
less.
[0537] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0538] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that
connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
[0539] the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0540] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
[0541] the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0542] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0543] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T
(34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments;
[0544] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z),
[0545] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0546] the line segment PS is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or
less.
[0547] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0548] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and UQ that
connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D
(0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment B''D);
[0549] the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z),
[0550] the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and
[0551] the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or
less.
[0552] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0553] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'e', e'a', and
a'O that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d'
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), point e' (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments c'd', d'e', and e'a' (excluding
the points c' and a');
[0554] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
[0555] the line segment d'e' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0535z.sup.2+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z.sup.2+0.6771z+46.043, z),
and
[0556] the line segments Oc', e'a', and a'O are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0557] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0558] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea', and a'O
that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d
(76.3, 14.2, 9.5), point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments cd, de, and ea' (excluding the
points c and a');
[0559] the line segment cde is represented by coordinates
(-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z),
and
[0560] the line segments Oc, ea', and a'O are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0561] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0562] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'a, and aO that
connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d'
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line
segments c'd' and d'a (excluding the points c' and a);
[0563] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
and
[0564] the line segments Oc', d'a, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0565] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0566] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d
(76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line
segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);
[0567] the line segment cd is represented by coordinates
(-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z),
and
[0568] the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0569] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0570] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant E)
[0571] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the
refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.
[0572] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145
and 146.
[0573] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0
under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and
recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most
flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0574] For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the
burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition
are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is
classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE
flammability classification.
[0575] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0576] Tables 145 and 146 show the results.
TABLE-US-00145 TABLE 145 Item Unit I J K L WCF HFO-1132(E) mass %
72.0 57.7 48.4 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 27.5 R32 mass %
0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00146 TABLE 146 Item Unit M N T P U Q WCF HFO- mass 47.1
38.5 34.8 31.8 28.7 28.6 1132(E) % HFO-1123 mass 52.9 52.1 51.0
49.8 41.2 34.4 % R32 mass 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 30.1 37.0 % Leak
condition that results Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage,
Storage, in WCFF Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping,
Shipping, -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 92%, 92%, 92%, 92%,
92%, 92%, release, release, release, release, release, release, on
the on the on the on the on the on the liquid liquid liquid liquid
liquid liquid phase side phase side phase side phase side phase
side phase side WCFF HFO- mass 72.0 58.9 51.5 44.6 31.4 27.1
1132(E) % HFO-1123 mass 28.0 32.4 33.1 32.6 23.2 18.3 % R32 mass
0.0 8.7 15.4 22.8 45.4 54.6 % Burning velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0577] The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the
following 3 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and point L
(35.5, 27.5, 37.0); the line segment IK is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.00, z), and the line segment KL is
represented by coordinates (0.0098z.sup.2-1.238z+67.852,
-0.0098z.sup.2+0.238z+32.148, z), it can be determined that the
refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.
[0578] For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points,
i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2,
18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
y=100-z-x=-0.00922z.sup.2+0.2114z+32.443, z).
[0579] Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an
approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4,
33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5,
37.0) by using the least-square method to determine
coordinates.
[0580] The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the
following 3 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and point Q
(28.6, 34.4, 37.0), it can be determined that the refrigerant has
ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0581] In the above, the line segment MP is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867,
z).
[0582] For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve
was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using
the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on
the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three
points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method
to determine coordinates.
[0583] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
[0584] The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be
referred to as "cooling capacity" or "capacity") ratio relative to
those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The
conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5K Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0585] Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00147 TABLE 147 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comparative 2 3 4 5 6 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A'
B' A'' B'' HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 0.0
HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 R32 mass % 9.5 9.5 18.4
18.4 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 2088 65 65 125 125 250 250 COP ratio %
(relative 100 99.1 92.0 98.7 93.4 98.7 96.1 to R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 100 102.2 111.6 105.3 113.7 110.0 115.4 capacity to
R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00148 TABLE 148 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Example Example Comparative Example 8 9 Example Example 1 11 Item
Unit O C 10 U Example 2 D HFO-1132(E) mass % 100.0 50.0 41.1 28.7
15.2 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 31.6 34.6 41.2 52.7 67.0 R32 mass %
0.0 18.4 24.3 30.1 32.1 33.0 GWP -- 1 125 165 204 217 228 COP ratio
% (relative 99.7 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 98.3 109.9 111.7 113.5 114.8 115.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00149 TABLE 149 Comparative Example Comparative 12
Comparative Example 3 Example 4 Example 14 Item Unit E Example 13 T
S F HFO-1132(E) mass % 53.4 43.4 34.8 25.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 46.6
47.1 51.0 56.2 74.1 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 25.9 GWP -- 1 65
97 125 176 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.6 109.2 110.8 112.3 114.8 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00150 TABLE 150 Comparative Example Comparative 15 Example
6 Example 16 Item Unit G Example 5 R Example 7 H HFO-1132(E) mass %
38.5 31.5 23.1 16.9 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 61.5 63.5 67.4 71.1 84.2
R32 mass % 0.0 5.0 9.5 12.0 15.8 GWP -- 1 35 65 82 107 COP ratio %
(relative 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 107.0 109.1 110.9 111.9 113.2 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00151 TABLE 151 Comparative Comparative Example 17 Example
8 Example 9 Comparative Example 19 Item Unit I J K Example 18 L
HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 41.1 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0
32.8 33.2 31.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 27.7 37.0 GWP -- 1 65
125 188 250 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 96.6 95.8 95.9 96.4
97.1 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 103.1 107.4 110.1 112.1
113.2 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00152 TABLE 152 Compar- ative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- ple
20 ple 10 ple 11 ple 12 Item Unit M N P Q HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1
38.5 31.8 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 49.8 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0
9.5 18.4 37.0 GWP -- 1 65 125 250 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.1
94.7 96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 109.7 112.0
114.1 capacity to R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00153 TABLE 153 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 22 Example 23 Example 24
Example 14 Example 15 Example 16 Example 25 Example 26 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 85.0
75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 COP ratio % (relative
91.7 92.2 92.9 93.7 94.6 95.6 96.7 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 110.1 109.8 109.2 108.4 107.4 106.1 104.7 103.1 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00154 TABLE 154 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 Example 28 Example 29
Example 17 Example 18 Example 19 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 90.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0
80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 R32 mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 35 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 COP ratio %
(relative 98.8 92.4 92.9 93.5 94.3 95.1 96.1 97.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 101.4 111.7 111.3 110.6 109.6 108.5 107.2
105.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00155 TABLE 155 Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 32 Example 20 Example 21 Example 22 Example 23 Example
24 Example 33 Example 34 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 10.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0
25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP --
68 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 COP ratio % (relative 98.0 93.1 93.6
94.2 94.9 95.6 96.5 97.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 104.1
112.9 112.4 111.6 110.6 109.4 108.1 106.6 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00156 TABLE 156 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 35 Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 Example
40 Example 41 Example 42 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP --
102 136 136 136 136 136 136 136 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 93.9
94.3 94.8 95.4 96.2 97.0 97.8 to R410A) Refrigeratind % (relative
105.0 113.8 113.2 112.4 111.4 110.2 108.8 107.3 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00157 TABLE 157 Comparatie Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Example 46 Example 47 Example
48 Example 49 Example 50 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0
5.0 60.0 R32 mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 GWP --
170 170 170 170 170 170 170 203 COP ratio % (relative 94.6 94.9
95.4 96.0 96.7 97.4 98.2 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
114.4 113.8 113.0 111.9 110.7 109.4 107.9 114.8 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00158 TABLE 158 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparativ Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 51 Example 52
Example 53 Example 54 Example 55 Example 25 Example 26 Example 56
HFO-1132(E) mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 HFO-1123
mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 R32 mass % 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 203 203 203 203 203 237 237
237 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 96.0 96.6 97.2 97.9 96.0 96.3 96.6
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.2 113.4 112.4 111.2 109.8
115.1 114.5 113.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00159 TABLE 159 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 57 Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 Example 61 Example
62 Example 63 Example 64 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0
20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 25.0 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP --
237 237 237 271 271 271 271 271 COP ratio % (relative 97.1 97.7
98.3 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
112.6 111.5 110.2 115.1 114.6 113.8 112.8 111.7 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00160 TABLE 160 Item Unit Example 27 Example 28 Example 29
Example 30 Example 31 Example 32 Example 33 Example 34 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0
58.0 56.0 54.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 R32 mass % 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0
4.0 4.0 4.0 GWP -- 14 14 14 14 28 28 28 28 COP ratio % (relative
93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.7 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 107.7 107.5 107.3 107.2 108.6 108.4 108.2 108.0 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00161 TABLE 161 Item Unit Example 35 Example 36 Example 37
Example 38 Example 39 Example 40 Example 41 Example 42 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 43.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 27.0 HFO-1123 mass % 53.0
63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 65.0 R32 mass % 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
6.0 6.0 8.0 GWP -- 28 41 41 41 41 41 41 55 COP ratio % (relative
93.9 93.1 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.9 93.0 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 107.8 109.5 109.3 109.1 109.0 108.8 108.6 110.3 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00162 TABLE 162 Item Unit Example 43 Example 44 Example 45
Example 46 Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 Example 50 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 32.0 32.0 HFO-1123 mass % 63.0
61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 51.0 50.0 R32 mass % 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
8.0 17.0 18.0 GWP -- 55 55 55 55 55 55 116 122 COP ratio %
(relative 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.6 93.8 94.0 94.5 94.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 110.1 110.0 109.8 109.6 109.5 109.3 111.8
111.9 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00163 TABLE 163 Item Unit Example 51 Example 52 Example 53
Example 54 Example 55 Example 56 Example 57 Example 58 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 30.0 27.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 13.0 HFO-1123 mass % 52.0
42.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 54.0 52.0 R32 mass % 18.0 31.0 33.0 33.0
33.0 33.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 122 210 223 223 223 223 237 237 COP
ratio % (relative 94.5 96.0 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 96.0 96.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 112.1 113.7 114.3 114.2 114.0 113.8 115.0
114.9 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00164 TABLE 164 Item Unit Example 59 Example 60 Example 61
Example 62 Example 63 Example 64 Example 65 Example 66 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0
48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 52.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 35.0 35.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 237 237 237 237 237 250 COP
ratio % (relative 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.5 96.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2 114.1 113.9
115.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00165 TABLE 165 Item Unit Example 67 Example 68 Example 69
Example 70 Example 71 Example 72 Example 73 Example 74 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 13.0 15.0 17.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0
48.0 46.0 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 R32 mass % 37.0 37.0 37.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 250 250 250 237 237 237 237 237 COP ratio %
(relative 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 115.0 114.9 114.7 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4
114.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00166 TABLE 166 Item Unit Example 75 Example 76 Example 77
Example 78 Example 79 Example 80 Example 81 Example 82 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 25.0 27.0 11.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 HFO-1123 mass % 40.0
38.0 52.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R32 mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.0 37.0
37.0 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 250 250 250 250 250 250 COP ratio %
(relative 96.4 96.5 96.2 96.5 96.5 96.6 96.7 96.8 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 114.1 113.9 115.1 114.6 114.5 114.3 114.1
114.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
[0586] The above results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and
the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the
following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A'' (63.0, 0.0, 37.0), point B''
(0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.
[0587] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.
[0588] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), point B (0.0,
90.5, 9.5), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.
[0589] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4), point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and point
D(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has
a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0590] In the above, the line segment CU is represented by
coordinates (-0.0538z.sup.2+0.7888z+53.701,
0.0538z.sup.2-1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is
represented by coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z).
[0591] The points on the line segment CU are determined from three
points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by
using the least-square method.
[0592] The points on the line segment UD are determined from three
points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the
least-square method.
[0593] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0), point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and point F
(0.0, 76.7, 23.3), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0594] In the above, the line segment ET is represented by
coordinates (-0.0547z.sup.2-0.5327z+53.4,
0.0547z.sup.2-0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is
represented by coordinates (-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931,
0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z).
[0595] The points on the line segment ET are determined from three
points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the
least-square method.
[0596] The points on the line segment TF are determined from three
points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square
method.
[0597] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3), point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and point H
(0.0, 85.9, 14.1), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0598] In the above, the line segment GR is represented by
coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is
represented by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z).
[0599] The points on the line segment GR are determined from three
points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the
least-square method.
[0600] The points on the line segment RH are determined from three
points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the
least-square method.
[0601] In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples
8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the
concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double
bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to
deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the
refrigerant compound.
(6) Configuration of Air Conditioner 1
[0602] FIG. 16 is a refrigeration circuit diagram of an air
conditioner 1 in which a compressor 100 according to an embodiment
of the present invention is utilized. The air conditioner 1 is a
refrigeration cycle apparatus provided with the compressor 100. As
examples of the air conditioner 1 in which the compressor 100 is
employed, an "air conditioner dedicated to cooling-operation", an
"air conditioner dedicated to heating-operation", an "air
conditioner switchable between cooling operation and heating
operation by using a four-way switching valve", and the like are
presented. Here, description will be provided using the "air
conditioner switchable between cooling operation and heating
operation by using a four-way switching valve".
[0603] Referring to FIG. 16, the air conditioner 1 is provided with
an indoor unit 2 and an outdoor unit 3. The indoor unit 2 and the
outdoor unit 3 are connected to each other by a liquid-refrigerant
connection pipe 4 and a gas-refrigerant connection pipe 5. As
illustrated in FIG. 16, the air conditioner 1 is of a pair-type
having the indoor unit 2 and the outdoor unit 3 one each. The air
conditioner 1 is, however, not limited thereto and may be of a
multi-type having a plurality of the indoor units 2.
[0604] In the air conditioner 1, devices, such as an accumulator
15, the compressor 100, a four-way switching valve 16, an outdoor
heat exchanger 17, an expansion valve 18, and an indoor heat
exchanger 13, are connected together by pipes, thereby constituting
a refrigerant circuit 11.
[0605] In the present embodiment, a refrigerant for performing a
vapor compression refrigeration cycle is packed in the refrigerant
circuit 11. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, and, as the refrigerant, any one of the
aforementioned refrigerants A to E is usable. A refrigerating
machine oil is also packed together with the mixed refrigerant in
the refrigerant circuit 11.
[0606] (6-1) Indoor Unit 2
[0607] The indoor heat exchanger 13 to be loaded in the indoor unit
2 is a cross-fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger constituted by a
heat transfer tube and a large number of heat transfer fins. The
indoor heat exchanger 13 is connected at the liquid side thereof to
the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 4 and connected at the gas
side thereof to the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 5, and the
indoor heat exchanger 13 functions as a refrigerant evaporator
during cooling operation.
[0608] (6-2) Outdoor Unit 3
[0609] The outdoor unit 3 is loaded with the accumulator 15, the
compressor 100, the outdoor heat exchanger 17, and the expansion
valve 18.
[0610] (6-2-1) Outdoor Heat Exchanger 17
[0611] The outdoor heat exchanger 17 is a cross-fin type
fin-and-tube heat exchanger constituted by a heat transfer tube and
a large number of heat transfer fins. The outdoor heat exchanger 17
is connected at one end thereof to the side of a discharge pipe 24
in which a refrigerant discharged from the compressor 100 flows and
connected at the other end thereof to the side of the
liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 4. The outdoor heat exchanger 17
functions as a condenser for a gas refrigerant supplied from the
compressor 100 through the discharge pipe 24.
[0612] (6-2-2) Expansion Valve 18
[0613] The expansion valve 18 is disposed in a pipe that connects
the outdoor heat exchanger 17 and the liquid-refrigerant connection
pipe 4 to each other. The expansion valve 18 is an opening-degree
adjustable electric valve for adjusting the pressure and the flow
rate of a refrigerant that flows in the pipe.
[0614] (6-2-3) Accumulator 15
[0615] The accumulator 15 is disposed in a pipe that connects the
gas-refrigerant connection pipe 5 and a suction pipe 23 of the
compressor 100 to each other. The accumulator 15 separates, into a
gas phase and a liquid phase, a refrigerant that flows from the
indoor heat exchanger 13 toward the suction pipe 23 through the
gas-refrigerant connection pipe 5 to prevent a liquid refrigerant
from being supplied into the compressor 100. The compressor 100 is
supplied with a gas-phase refrigerant accumulated in an upper space
of the accumulator 15.
[0616] (6-2-4) Compressor 100
[0617] FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of the compressor
100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The
compressor 100 in FIG. 17 is a scroll compressor. The compressor
100 compresses a refrigerant sucked through the suction pipe 23 in
a compression chamber Sc and discharges the compressed refrigerant
through the discharge pipe 24. Regarding the compressor 100,
details will be described in the section of "(7) Configuration of
Compressor 100".
[0618] (6-2-5) Four-Way Switching Valve 16
[0619] The four-way switching valve 16 has first to fourth ports.
The four-way switching valve 16 is connected at the first port
thereof to the discharge side of the compressor 100, connected at
the second port thereof to the suction side of the compressor 100,
connected at the third port thereof to the gas-side end portion of
the outdoor heat exchanger 17, and connected at the fourth port
thereof to a gas-side shutoff valve Vg.
[0620] The four-way switching valve 16 is switchable between a
first state (the state indicated by the solid lines in FIG. 1) and
a second state (the state indicated by the dashed lines in FIG. 1).
In the four-way switching valve 16 in the first state, the first
port and the third port are in communication with each other, and
the second port and the fourth port are in communication with each
other. In the four-way switching valve 16 in the second state, the
first port and the fourth port are in communication with each
other, and the second port and the third port are in communication
with each other.
(7) Configuration of Compressor 100
[0621] As illustrated in FIG. 17, the compressor 100 is provided
with a casing 20, a motor 70, a crank shaft 80, a lower bearing 90,
and a compression mechanism 60 including a fixed scroll 30.
[0622] Hereinafter, expressions such as "up", "down", and the like
are sometimes used to describe positional relations and the like of
constituent members. Here, the direction of the arrow U in FIG. 17
is referred to as up, and the direction opposite the direction of
the arrow U is referred to as down. In addition, expressions such
as "perpendicular", "horizontal", "longitudinal", "lateral", and
the like are sometimes used, and the up-down direction corresponds
to the perpendicular direction and the longitudinal direction.
[0623] (7-1) Casing 20
[0624] The compressor 100 has the casing 20 that has a
longitudinally elongated cylindrical shape. The casing 20 has a
substantially cylindrical cylinder member 21 that opens upward and
downward, and an upper cover 22a and a lower cover 22b that are
disposed at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder member
21, respectively. The upper cover 22a and the lower cover 22b are
fixed to the cylinder member 21 by welding to maintain
airtightness.
[0625] The casing 20 accommodates constituent devices of the
compressor 100, including the compression mechanism 60, the motor
70, the crank shaft 80, and the lower bearing 90. An oil reservoir
space So is formed in a lower portion of the casing 20. The oil
reservoir space So stores a refrigerating machine oil O for
lubricating the compression mechanism 60 and the like. The
refrigerating machine oil O is the refrigerating machine oil
described in the section of "(4-1) Refrigerating Machine Oil".
[0626] At an upper portion of the casing 20, the suction pipe 23
through which a gas refrigerant is sucked and through which the gas
refrigerant is supplied to the compression mechanism 60 is disposed
so as to pass through the upper cover 22a. The lower end of the
suction pipe 23 is connected to the fixed scroll 30 of the
compression mechanism 60. The suction pipe 23 is in communication
with the compression chamber Sc of the compression mechanism 60. In
the suction pipe 23, a low-pressure refrigerant of the
refrigeration cycle before compression by the compressor 100
flows.
[0627] An intermediate portion of the cylinder member 21 of the
casing 20 is provided with the discharge pipe 24 through which a
refrigerant to be discharged to the outside of the casing 20
passes. Specifically, the discharge pipe 24 is disposed such that
an end portion of the discharge pipe 24 in the inner portion of the
casing 20 projects in a high-pressure space 51 formed below a
housing 61 of the compression mechanism 60. In the discharge pipe
24, a high-pressure refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle after
compression by the compression mechanism 60 flows.
[0628] (7-2) Compression Mechanism 60
[0629] As illustrated in FIG. 17, the compression mechanism 60 has,
mainly, the housing 61, the fixed scroll 30 disposed above the
housing 61, and a movable scroll 40 that forms the compression
chamber Sc by being combined with the fixed scroll 30.
[0630] (7-2-1) Fixed Scroll 30
[0631] As illustrated in FIG. 17, the fixed scroll 30 includes a
flat fixed-side end plate 32, a spiral fixed-side lap 33 projecting
from the front surface (lower surface in FIG. 17) of the fixed-side
end plate 32, and an outer edge portion 34 surrounding the
fixed-side lap 33.
[0632] At a center portion of the fixed-side end plate 32, a
noncircular discharge port 32a in communication with the
compression chamber Sc of the compression mechanism 60 is formed so
as to pass through the fixed-side end plate 32 in the thickness
direction. The refrigerant compressed in the compression chamber Sc
is discharged through the discharge port 32a and flows into the
high-pressure space 51 by passing through a refrigerant passage
(not illustrated) formed in the fixed scroll 30 and the housing
61.
[0633] (7-2-2) Movable Scroll 40
[0634] As illustrated in FIG. 17, the movable scroll 40 has a flat
movable-side end plate 41, a spiral movable-side lap 42 projecting
from the front surface (upper surface in FIG. 17) of the
movable-side end plate 41, and a cylindrical boss portion 43
projecting from the back surface (lower surface in FIG. 17) of the
movable-side end plate 41.
[0635] The fixed-side lap 33 of the fixed scroll 30 and the
movable-side lap 42 of the movable scroll 40 are combined together
with the lower surface of the fixed-side end plate 32 and the upper
surface of the movable-side end plate 41 facing each other. The
compression chamber Sc is formed between the fixed-side lap 33 and
the movable-side lap 42 that are adjacent to each other. The volume
of the compression chamber Sc is periodically changed by the
movable scroll 40 revolving with respect to the fixed scroll 30, as
described later, thereby causing the compression mechanism 60 to
suck, compress, and discharge the refrigerant.
[0636] The boss portion 43 is a cylindrical portion closed at the
upper end thereof. The movable scroll 40 and the crank shaft 80 are
coupled to each other by an eccentric portion 81 of the crank shaft
80 inserted into a hollow portion of the boss portion 43. The boss
portion 43 is disposed in an eccentric portion space 62 formed
between the movable scroll 40 and the housing 61. The eccentric
portion space 62 is in communication with the high-pressure space
Si via an oil supply path 83 and the like of the crank shaft 80,
and a high pressure acts on the eccentric portion space 62. Due to
this pressure, the lower surface of the movable-side end plate 41
inside the eccentric portion space 62 is pressed upward toward the
fixed scroll 30. Due to this force, the movable scroll 40 becomes
in close contact with the fixed scroll 30.
[0637] The movable scroll 40 is supported by the housing 61 via an
oldham coupling (not illustrated). The oldham coupling is a member
that prevents the rotation of the movable scroll 40 and causes the
movable scroll 40 to revolve. Due to the use of the oldham
coupling, when the crank shaft 80 rotates, the movable scroll 40
coupled to the crank shaft 80 in the boss portion 43 revolves with
respect to the fixed scroll 30 without rotating, and the
refrigerant in the compression chamber Sc is compressed.
[0638] (7-2-3) Housing 61
[0639] The housing 61 is press-fitted into the cylinder member 21
and fixed at the entirety of the outer circumferential surface
thereof in the circumferential direction to the cylinder member 21.
The housing 61 and the fixed scroll 30 are fixed to each other by a
bolt and the like (not illustrated) such that the upper end surface
of the housing 61 and the lower surface of the outer edge portion
34 of the fixed scroll 30 are in close contact with each other.
[0640] The housing 61 has a concave portion 61a disposed to be
recessed in a center portion of the upper surface thereof and a
bearing portion 61b disposed below the concave portion 61a.
[0641] The concave portion 61a surrounds the side surface of the
eccentric portion space 62 in which the boss portion 43 of the
movable scroll 40 is disposed.
[0642] On the bearing portion 61b, the bearing 63 that supports a
main shaft 82 of the crank shaft 80 is disposed. The bearing 63
rotatably supports the main shaft 82 inserted into the bearing
63.
[0643] (7-3) Motor 70
[0644] The motor 70 has an annular stator 72 fixed to the inner
wall surface of the cylinder member 21 and a rotor 71 rotatably
accommodated inside the stator 72 with a slight gap (air gap)
therebetween.
[0645] The rotor 71 is coupled to the movable scroll 40 via the
crank shaft 80 disposed to extend in the up-down direction along
the axis of the cylinder member 21. In response to the rotor 71
rotating, the movable scroll 40 revolves with respect to the fixed
scroll 30.
[0646] Details of the motor 70 will be described in the section of
"(9) Configuration of Motor 70".
[0647] (7-4) Crank Shaft 80
[0648] The crank shaft 80 transmits the driving force of the motor
70 to the movable scroll 40. The crank shaft 80 is disposed to
extend in the up-down direction along the axis of the cylinder
member 21 and couples the rotor 71 of the motor 70 and the movable
scroll 40 of the compression mechanism 60 to each other.
[0649] The crank shaft 80 has the main shaft 82 having a center
axis coincident with the axis of the cylinder member 21, and the
eccentric portion 81 eccentric with respect to the axis of the
cylinder member 21. The eccentric portion 81 is inserted into the
boss portion 43 of the movable scroll 40.
[0650] The main shaft 82 is rotatably supported by the bearing 63
on the bearing portion 61b of the housing 61 and the lower bearing
90. The main shaft 82 is coupled between the bearing portion 61b
and the lower bearing 90 to the rotor 71 of the motor 70.
[0651] In the inner portion of the crank shaft 80, the oil supply
path 83 for supplying the refrigerating machine oil O to the
compression mechanism 60 and the like is formed. The lower end of
the main shaft 82 is positioned in the oil reservoir space So
formed in a lower portion of the casing 20. The refrigerating
machine oil O in the oil reservoir space So is supplied to the
compression mechanism 60 and the like through the oil supply path
83.
[0652] (7-5) Lower Bearing 90
[0653] The lower bearing 90 is disposed below the motor 70. The
lower bearing 90 is fixed to the cylinder member 21. The lower
bearing 90 constitutes the bearing on the lower end side of the
crank shaft 80 and rotatably supports the main shaft 82 of the
crank shaft 80.
[0654] (8) Operation of Compressor 100
[0655] Operation of the compressor 100 will be described. When the
motor 70 is started, the rotor 71 rotates with respect to the
stator 72, and the crank shaft 80 fixed to the rotor 71 rotates.
When the crank shaft 80 rotates, the movable scroll 40 coupled to
the crank shaft 80 revolves with respect to the fixed scroll 30.
Then, the low-pressure gas refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle
is sucked into the compression chamber Sc from the peripheral edge
side of the compression chamber Sc through the suction pipe 23. As
a result of the movable scroll 40 revolving, the suction pipe 23
and the compression chamber Sc become not in communication with
each other, and, in response to the decrease in the capacity of the
compression chamber Sc, the pressure in the compression chamber Sc
starts to increase.
[0656] The refrigerant in the compression chamber Sc is compressed
in response to the decrease in the capacity of the compression
chamber Sc and eventually becomes a high-pressure gas refrigerant.
The high-pressure gas refrigerant is discharged through the
discharge port 32a positioned close to the center of the fixed-side
end plate 32. After that, the high-pressure gas refrigerant passes
through the refrigerant passage (not illustrated) formed in the
fixed scroll 30 and the housing 61 and flows into the high-pressure
space 51. The high-pressure gas refrigerant of the refrigeration
cycle that has flowed into the high-pressure space 51 and that has
been compressed by the compression mechanism 60 is discharged
through the discharge pipe 24.
[0657] (9) Configuration of Motor 70
[0658] FIG. 18 is a sectional view of the motor 70 sectioned along
a plane perpendicular to the axis. FIG. 19 is a sectional view of
the rotor 71 sectioned along a plane perpendicular to the axis.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the rotor 71.
[0659] Note that illustration of the shaft coupled to the rotor 71
to transmit the rotational force to the outside is omitted in FIG.
18 to FIG. 20. The motor 70 in FIG. 18 to FIG. 20 is a
permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The motor 70 has the rotor 71
and the stator 72.
[0660] (9-1) Stator 72
[0661] The stator 72 is provided with a barrel portion 725 and a
plurality of tooth portions 726. The barrel portion 725 has a
substantially cylindrical shape having an inner circumferential
diameter larger than the outer circumferential diameter of the
rotor 71. The barrel portion 725 is formed by machining each of
thin electromagnetic steel plates having a thickness of 0.05 mm or
more and 0.5 mm or less integrally with the tooth portions 726 into
a predetermined shape and laminating a predetermined number of the
electromagnetic steel plates.
[0662] The plurality of tooth portions 726 project on the inner
circumferential part of the barrel portion 725 in a form of being
positioned at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential
direction thereof. Each of the tooth portions 726 extends from the
inner circumferential part of the barrel portion 725 toward the
center in the radial direction of a circle centered on the axis and
faces the rotor 71 with a predetermined gap.
[0663] The tooth portions 726 are magnetically coupled on the outer
circumferential side via the barrel portion 725. A coil 727 is
wound, as a coil, around each of the tooth portions 726 (only one
of the coils 727 is illustrated in FIG. 18). Three-phase
alternating current for generating a rotating magnetic field that
rotates the rotor 71 is made to flow through the coils 727. The
winding type of the coils 727 is not limited and may be wound with
respect to the plurality of the tooth portions 726 in a
concentrated form or in a distributed form.
[0664] The rotor 71 and the stator 72 are incorporated in the
casing 20 and used as a rotary electric machine.
[0665] (9-2) Rotor 71
[0666] The rotor 71 has a substantially cylindrical external shape
and has a center axis along which the main shaft 82 of the crank
shaft 80 is coupled and fixed. The rotor 71 has a rotor core 710
and a plurality of permanent magnets 712. The rotor 71 is a
magnet-embedded rotor in which the permanent magnets 712 are
embedded in the rotor core 710.
[0667] (9-2-1) Rotor Core 710
[0668] The rotor core 710 is made of a magnetic material and has a
substantially cylindrical shape. The rotor core 710 is formed by
machining each of thin electromagnetic steel plates 711 having a
thickness of 0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less into a
predetermined shape and laminating a predetermined number of the
electromagnetic steel plates 711. The electromagnetic steel plates
are desirably a plurality of high-tensile electromagnetic steel
plates each having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more to improve
the durability of the rotor during high-speed rotation.
[0669] A shaft insertion hole 719 for fixing the main shaft 82
(refer to FIG. 17) of the crank shaft 80 is formed along the center
axis of the rotor core 710. In the rotor core 710, a plurality of
magnet accommodation holes 713 are formed in the circumferential
direction about the axis.
[0670] (9-2-1-1) Magnet Accommodation Hole 713
[0671] The magnet accommodation holes 713 are spaces each having a
rectangular parallelepiped shape that is flat in a direction
substantially orthogonal to the radial direction of the circle
centered on the axis. The magnet accommodation holes 713 may be
through holes or may be bottomed holes as long as having a shape
that enables the permanent magnets 712 to be embedded therein.
[0672] As illustrated in FIG. 19, the magnet accommodation holes
713 are disposed such that two of any mutually adjacent magnet
accommodation holes 713 form a substantially V-shape.
[0673] (9-2-1-2) Non-Magnetic Space 714
[0674] A non-magnetic space 714 extends toward the outer
circumferential side of the rotor core 710 by bending from each end
portion of the magnet accommodation holes 713. The non-magnetic
space 714 has a function of causing, when a demagnetization field
is generated, a magnetic flux due to the demagnetization field to
avoid the permanent magnets 712 and easily pass through the
non-magnetic space 714. Thus, prevention of demagnetization is also
addressed by the non-magnetic space 714.
[0675] (9-2-1-3) Bridge 715
[0676] A bridge 715 is positioned radially outside the non-magnetic
space 714 and couples magnetic poles to each other. The thickness
of the bridge 715 is set to be 3 mm or more to improve durability
during high-speed rotation.
[0677] The rotor 71 illustrated in FIG. 18 to FIG. 20 is an
example, and the rotor is not limited thereto.
[0678] FIG. 21 is a sectional view of another rotor 71 sectioned
along a plane perpendicular to the axis. The rotor 71 in FIG. 21
differs from the rotor in FIG. 19 in terms of that pairs of
mutually adjacent two magnet accommodation holes 713 are each
disposed to form a V-shape in FIG. 21 while, in FIG. 19, mutually
adjacent any two of the magnet accommodation holes are disposed to
form a substantially V-shape.
[0679] Thus, in the rotor 71 of FIG. 21, the rotor core 710 is
provided with eight magnet accommodation holes 713 each having a
width narrower than that of the magnet accommodation holes
illustrated in FIG. 19, pairs of mutually adjacent magnet
accommodation holes 713 each form a V-shape, and four V-shapes are
formed in total. The bottom side of the V-shape formed by a pair of
the magnet accommodation holes 713 forms one V-shaped non-magnetic
space 714 as a result of two non-magnetic spaces connected to each
other.
[0680] The non-magnetic space 714 on the outer side is formed on an
end portion opposite to the bottom side of the magnet accommodation
hole 713 and extends toward the outer circumferential side of the
rotor core 710.
[0681] The breadth of the magnet accommodation holes 713 is small
compared with those of the magnet accommodation holes illustrated
in FIG. 19. Consequently, the breadth of the permanent magnets 712
is also small compared with those of the permanent magnets
illustrated in FIG. 19.
[0682] Actions of the permanent magnets 712, the magnet
accommodation holes 713, the non-magnetic spaces 714, and the
bridges 715 illustrated in FIG. 21 are identical to the actions of
those in illustrated in FIG. 19.
[0683] (9-2-2) Permanent Magnet 712
[0684] The permanent magnets 712 are neodymium rare-earth magnets
containing Nd--Fe--B (neodymium-iron-boron). The coercive force of
Nd--Fe--B-based magnets deteriorates by being affected by
temperature. Thus, when a motor using Nd--Fe--B-based magnets is
used in a compressor, the coercive force thereof decreases in
high-temperature atmosphere (100.degree. C. or higher) inside the
compressor.
[0685] Therefore, the permanent magnets 712 are desirably formed by
diffusing a heavy-rare-earth element (for example, dysprosium)
along grain boundaries. In grain boundary diffusion in which a
heavy-rare-earth element is diffused along grain boundaries, a
sintered material is formed by sintering a predetermined
composition, a heavy-rare-earth product is applied onto the
sintered material, and then, the sintered material is subjected to
heat treatment at a temperature lower than a sintering temperature,
thereby manufacturing the permanent magnets 712.
[0686] According to the grain boundary diffusion, it is possible to
reduce the addition amount of the heavy-rare-earth element and
increase the coercive force. The permanent magnets 712 of the
present embodiment each contain 1 mass % or less of dysprosium and
thereby improve the holding force.
[0687] In the present embodiment, to improve demagnetization
resistance of the permanent magnets 712, the average crystal grain
size of each permanent magnet 712 is 10 .mu.m or less and desirably
5 .mu.m or less.
[0688] The permanent magnets 712 each have a quadrangular plate
shape having two major faces and a uniform thickness. The permanent
magnets 712 are embedded one each in each magnet accommodation hole
713. As illustrated in FIG. 19 and FIG. 21, among the permanent
magnets 712 embedded in respective magnet accommodation holes 713,
two of any mutually adjacent permanent magnets 712 form a
substantially V-shape.
[0689] The outward faces of the permanent magnets 712 are pole
faces that cause the rotor core 710 to generate magnetic poles. The
inward faces of the permanent magnets 712 are opposite pole faces
opposite thereto. When the permanent magnets 712 are considered as
parts that cause the stator 72 to generate magnetic poles, both end
portions of the permanent magnets 712 in the circumferential
direction are pole ends, and a center portion thereof in the
circumferential direction is the magnetic pole center.
[0690] In the aforementioned orientation of the permanent magnets
712, both end portions of the permanent magnets 712 are in the
vicinity of the end portions of the magnetic poles, and a portion
close to the air gap is referred to as "proximity part 716". The
proximity part 716 is a part positioned at the bottom portion of
the V-shape. In the permanent magnet 712, an intermediate portion
is closer than the proximity part 716 to a magnetic-pole-center
portion, and a part that is distant from the air gap is referred to
as "distant part 717".
[0691] In the motor 70 of a concentrated winding-type in which the
coils 727 are wound around respective tooth portions 726, magnetic
fluxes generated by the coils 727 flow to the tooth portions 726
adjacent thereto at a shortest distance. Accordingly, a
demagnetization field acts more strongly on the proximity parts 716
of the permanent magnets 712 in the vicinity of the surface of the
rotor core 710. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the holding
force of the proximity part 716 (part positioned at the bottom
portion of the V-shape) is set to be higher than that of the other
parts by {1/(4.pi.)}.times.10.sup.3[A/m] or more, thereby
suppressing demagnetization.
[0692] Thus, the demagnetization suppressing effect is large when
the present embodiment is applied to the concentrated winding-type
motor 70.
[0693] The thickness dimension of the permanent magnets 712 and the
dimension of the magnet accommodation holes 713 in the thickness
direction of the permanent magnets 712 are substantially identical
to each other. Both major faces of the permanent magnets 712 are
substantially in contact with the inner faces of the magnet
accommodation holes 713. As a result, it is possible to reduce
magnetic resistance between the permanent magnets 712 and the rotor
core 710.
[0694] The "state in which both major faces of the permanent
magnets 712 are substantially in contact with the inner faces of
the magnet accommodation holes 713" includes a "state in which a
minute gap of a size required to insert the permanent magnets 712
into the magnet accommodation holes 713 is generated between the
permanent magnets 712 and the magnet accommodation holes 713".
(10) Features
[0695] (10-1)
[0696] The compressor 100 is suitable for a variable capacity
compressor in which the number of rotations of a motor can be
changed because the motor 70 has the rotor 71 including the
permanent magnets 712. In this case, in the air conditioner 1 that
uses a mixed refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene,
the number of rotations can be changed in accordance with an air
conditioning load, which enables high efficiency of the compressor
100.
[0697] (10-2)
[0698] The rotor 71 is a magnet-embedded rotor. In the
magnet-embedded rotor, the permanent magnets 712 are embedded in
the rotor 71.
[0699] (10-3)
[0700] The rotor 71 is formed by laminating a plurality of the
electromagnetic steel plates 711 in the plate thickness direction.
The thickness of each of the electromagnetic steel plates 711 is
0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less.
[0701] Generally, the thinner the plate thickness is made, the more
the eddy-current loss can be reduced. The plate thickness is,
however, desirably 0.05 to 0.5 mm considering that a plate
thickness of less than 0.05 mm makes processing of the
electromagnetic steel plates difficult and that it takes time for
siliconizing from the steel plate surface and diffusing for
optimizing Si distribution when the plate thickness is more than
0.5 mm.
[0702] (10-4)
[0703] The permanent magnets 712 are Nd--Fe--B-based magnets. As a
result, the motor 70 capable of increasing a magnetic energy
product is realized, which enables high efficiency of the
compressor 100.
[0704] (10-5)
[0705] The permanent magnets 712 are formed by diffusing a
heavy-rare-earth element along grain boundaries. As a result, the
demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnets 712 is
improved, and the holding force of the permanent magnets can be
increased with a small amount of the heavy-rare-earth element,
which enables high efficiency of the compressor 100.
[0706] (10-6)
[0707] The permanent magnets 712 each contain 1 mass % or less of
dysprosium. As a result, the holding force of the permanent magnets
712 is improved, which enables high efficiency of the compressor
100.
[0708] (10-7)
[0709] The average crystal grain size of the permanent magnets 712
is 10 .mu.m or less. As a result, the demagnetization resistance of
the permanent magnets 712 is increased, which enables high
efficiency of the compressor 100.
[0710] (10-8)
[0711] The permanent magnets 712 are flat, and a plurality of the
permanent magnets 712 are embedded in the rotor 71 to form a
V-shape. The holding force of the part positioned at the bottom
portion of the V-shape is set to be higher than those of the other
part by {1/(4.pi.)}.times.10.sup.3[A/m] or more. As a result,
demagnetization of the permanent magnets 712 is suppressed, which
enables high efficiency of the compressor 100.
[0712] (10-9)
[0713] The rotor 71 is formed by laminating a plurality of
high-tensile electromagnetic steel plates in the plate thickness
direction, the plurality of high-tensile electromagnetic steel
plates each having a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more. As a
result, durability of the rotor 71 during high-speed rotation is
improved, which enables high efficiency of the compressor 100.
[0714] (10-10)
[0715] The thickness of the bridge 715 of the rotor 71 is 3 mm or
more. As a result, durability of the rotor during high-speed
rotation is improved, which enables high efficiency of the
compressor.
(11) Modifications
[0716] (11-1)
[0717] The rotor 71 may be formed by laminating a plurality of
plate-shaped amorphous metals in the plate thickness direction. In
this case, a high-efficient motor having a less iron loss is
realized, which enables high efficiency of the compressor.
[0718] (11-2)
[0719] The rotor 71 may be formed by laminating a plurality of
electromagnetic steel plates each containing 5 mass % or more of
silicon in the plate thickness direction. In this case, the
electromagnetic steel plates in which hysteresis is reduced by
containing a suitable amount of silicon realizes a high-efficient
motor having a less iron loss, which enables high efficiency of the
compressor.
[0720] (11-3)
[0721] In the aforementioned embodiment, the rotor 71 has been
described as a magnet-embedded rotor but is not limited thereto.
For example, the rotor may be a surface-magnet rotor in which
permanent magnets are affixed to the surface of the rotor.
(12) Configuration of Compressor 300 According to Second
Embodiment
[0722] In the first embodiment, a scroll compressor has been
described as the compressor 100. The compressor is, however, not
limited to the scroll compressor.
[0723] FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of a compressor 300
according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. The
compressor 300 in FIG. 22 is a rotary compressor. The compressor
300 constitutes a portion of a refrigerant circuit in which any one
of the aforementioned refrigerants A to E circulates. The
compressor 300 compresses a refrigerant and discharges a
high-pressure gas refrigerant. The arrows in FIG. 22 indicate the
flow of the refrigerant.
[0724] (12-1) Casing 220
[0725] The compressor 300 has a longitudinally elongated
cylindrical casing 220. The casing 220 has a substantially
cylindrical cylinder member 221 that opens upward and downward, and
an upper cover 222a and a lower cover 222b disposed at the upper
end and the lower end of the cylinder member 221, respectively. The
upper cover 222a and the lower cover 222b are fixed to the cylinder
member 221 by welding to maintain airtightness.
[0726] The casing 220 accommodates constituent devices of the
compressor 300, including a compression mechanism 260, a motor 270,
a crank shaft 280, an upper bearing 263, and a lower bearing 290.
The oil reservoir space So is formed in a lower portion of the
casing 220.
[0727] In a lower portion of the casing 220, a suction pipe 223
through which a gas refrigerant is sucked and through which the gas
refrigerant is supplied to the compression mechanism 260 is
disposed to extend through a lower portion of the cylinder member
221. An end of the suction pipe 223 is connected to a cylinder 230
of the compression mechanism 260. The suction pipe 223 is in
communication with the compression chamber Sc of the compression
mechanism 260. In the suction pipe 223, a low-pressure refrigerant
of the refrigeration cycle before compression by the compressor 300
flows.
[0728] The upper cover 222a of the casing 220 is provided with a
discharge pipe 224 through which a refrigerant to be discharged to
the outside of the casing 220 passes. Specifically, an end portion
of the discharge pipe 224 in the inner portion of the casing 220 is
disposed in the high-pressure space 51 formed above the motor 270.
In the discharge pipe 224, a high-pressure refrigerant of the
refrigeration cycle after compression by the compression mechanism
260 flows.
[0729] (12-2) Motor 270
[0730] The motor 270 has a stator 272 and a rotor 271. Except for
being used in the compressor 300, which is a rotary compressor, the
motor 270 is basically equivalent to the motor 70 of the first
embodiment and exerts performance and actions/effects that are
equivalent to those of the motor 70 of the first embodiment.
Therefore, description of the motor 270 is omitted here.
[0731] (12-3) Crank Shaft 280, Upper Bearing 263, and Lower Bearing
290
[0732] The crank shaft 280 is fixed to the rotor 271. Further, the
crank shaft 280 is supported by the upper bearing 263 and the lower
bearing 290 to be rotatable about a rotation axis Rs. The crank
shaft 280 has an eccentric portion 241.
[0733] (12-4) Compression Mechanism 260
[0734] The compression mechanism 260 has the single cylinder 230
and a single piston 242 disposed in the cylinder 230. The cylinder
230 has a predetermined capacity and is fixed to the casing
220.
[0735] The piston 242 is disposed on the eccentric portion 241 of
the crank shaft 280. The cylinder 230 and the piston 242 define the
compression chamber Sc. Rotation of the rotor 271 revolves the
piston 242 via the eccentric portion 241. In response to the
revolution, the capacity of the compression chamber Sc changes,
thereby compressing a gaseous refrigerant.
[0736] Here, "the capacity of the cylinder" means so-called
theoretical capacity and, in other words, corresponds to the volume
of a gaseous refrigerant sucked into the cylinder 230 through the
suction pipe 223 during one rotation of the piston 242.
[0737] (12-5) Oil Reservoir Space so
[0738] The oil reservoir space So is disposed in a lower portion of
the casing 220. The oil reservoir space So stores the refrigerating
machine oil O for lubricating the compression mechanism 260. The
refrigerating machine oil O is the refrigerating machine oil
described in the section of "(4-1) Refrigerating Machine Oil".
(13) Operation of Compressor 300
[0739] Operation of the compressor 300 will be described. When the
motor 270 is started, the rotor 271 rotates with respect to the
stator 272, and the crank shaft 280 fixed to the rotor 271 rotates.
When the crank shaft 280 rotates, the piston 242 coupled to the
crank shaft 280 revolves with respect to the cylinder 230. Then, a
low-pressure gas refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle is sucked
into the compression chamber Sc through the suction pipe 223. As a
result of the piston 242 revolving, the suction pipe 223 and the
compression chamber Sc become not in communication with each other,
and in response to the capacity of the compression chamber Sc
decreasing, the pressure in the compression chamber Sc starts to
increase.
[0740] The refrigerant in the compression chamber Sc is compressed
in response to the capacity of the compression chamber Sc
decreasing and eventually becomes a high-pressure gas refrigerant.
The high-pressure gas refrigerant is discharged through a discharge
port 232a. Then, the high-pressure gas refrigerant is discharged
through the discharge pipe 224 disposed in the upper side of the
casing 220 by passing through a gap between the stator 272 and the
rotor 271 and other parts.
(14) Features of Second Embodiment
[0741] (14-1)
[0742] The compressor 300 employs the motor 270 equivalent to the
motor 70 of the first embodiment and thus is suitable for a
variable capacity compressor in which the number of rotations of
the motor can be changed. In this case, it is possible in the air
conditioner 1 that uses a mixed refrigerant containing at least
1,2-difluoroethyleneto to change the number of rotations of the
motor in accordance with an air conditioning load, which enables
high efficiency of the compressor 300.
[0743] (14-2)
[0744] By employing the motor 270 equivalent to the motor 70 of the
first embodiment, the compressor 300 has the "features in (10-2) to
(10-10)" of the "features (10)" of the first embodiment.
[0745] (14-3)
[0746] When using the compressor 300, which is a rotary compressor,
as the compressor of the air conditioner 1, it is possible to
reduce the packed amount of refrigerant compared with when using a
scroll compressor. Thus, the compressor 300 is suitable for an air
conditioner that uses a flammable refrigerant.
(15) Modification of Second Embodiment
[0747] Due to the compressor 300 employing the motor 270 equivalent
to the motor 70 of the first embodiment, the modification is
applicable to all described in "(11) Modifications" of the first
embodiment.
(16) Other Embodiment
[0748] Regarding the form of the compressor, a screw compressor or
a turbo compressor may be employed provided that a motor equivalent
to the motor 70 is used.
[0749] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been
described above, it should be understood that various changes in
the form and the details are possible without deviating from the
spirit and the scope of the present disclosure described in the
claims.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
[0750] 71 rotor [0751] 100 compressor [0752] 271 rotor [0753] 300
compressor [0754] 711 electromagnetic steel plate [0755] 712
permanent magnet [0756] 713 magnet accommodation hole
(accommodation hole) [0757] 714 non-magnetic space [0758] 715
bridge
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0758] [0759] PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 2013-124848
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