U.S. patent application number 16/954631 was filed with the patent office on 2020-12-17 for refrigeration cycle apparatus.
This patent application is currently assigned to DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. Invention is credited to Takeo ABE, Mitsushi ITANO, Daisuke KARUBE, Yuzo KOMATSU, Shun OHKUBO, Kazuhiro TAKAHASHI, Tatsuya TAKAKUWA, Yumi TODA, Tetsushi TSUDA, Yuuki YOTSUMOTO.
Application Number | 20200392389 16/954631 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005102500 |
Filed Date | 2020-12-17 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200392389 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ITANO; Mitsushi ; et
al. |
December 17, 2020 |
REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS
Abstract
There is provided a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which good
lubricity can be achieved when a refrigeration cycle is performed
using a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP. The
refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a refrigerating oil and a
refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant containing
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
Inventors: |
ITANO; Mitsushi; (Osaka,
JP) ; KARUBE; Daisuke; (Osaka, JP) ;
YOTSUMOTO; Yuuki; (Osaka, JP) ; TAKAHASHI;
Kazuhiro; (Osaka, JP) ; KOMATSU; Yuzo; (Osaka,
JP) ; OHKUBO; Shun; (Osaka, JP) ; TAKAKUWA;
Tatsuya; (Osaka, JP) ; TSUDA; Tetsushi;
(Osaka, JP) ; ABE; Takeo; (Osaka, JP) ;
TODA; Yumi; (Osaka, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. |
Osaka |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Osaka
JP
|
Family ID: |
1000005102500 |
Appl. No.: |
16/954631 |
Filed: |
November 13, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
November 13, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2018/042027 |
371 Date: |
June 17, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09K 2205/122 20130101;
C09K 5/045 20130101; F25B 1/00 20130101; C09K 2205/22 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C09K 5/04 20060101
C09K005/04; F25B 1/00 20060101 F25B001/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242183 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242185 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242186 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242187 |
Oct 5, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/037483 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038746 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038747 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038748 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038749 |
Claims
1. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for a
refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
2. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segments BD, CO, and OA); the line segment AA' is represented by
coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A'B is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment DC' is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line segment C'C is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and the line segments BD, CO, and
OA are straight lines.
3. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI,
IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8
points: point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point
A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0,
58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG); the
line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
4. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP,
PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9
points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point
N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ); the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91), the
line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
5. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP,
PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9
points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point
L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ); the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43) the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
6. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF); the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line
segment TP is represented by coordinates x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
7. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points: point P (55.8,
42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6),
and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments; the
line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment RP is represented by coordinates x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
8. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM,
MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points: point
S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),
and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments, the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line
segment TS is represented by coordinates x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and
the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
9. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for a
refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the
refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E)
based on the entire refrigerant.
10. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the
refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E)
based on the entire refrigerant.
11. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123),
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, z, and a, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG
that connect the following 6 points: point G
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point
I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0,
-0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G,
point I, point A, point B, point D', and point C); if
11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0), point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); if
26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and if
36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
12. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123),
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, z, and a, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points: point J
(0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point
J, point B, point D', and point C); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within
the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BW,
and WJ that connect the following 4 points: point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K' (0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801),
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); if
26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and if
36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and
AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
13. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in
a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the
following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3,
33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment
EI; the line segment U is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0); the
line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and the
line segments JN and EI are straight lines.
14. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in
a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that connect
the following 5 points: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M'(39.2,
5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9),
and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding
the points on the line segment GM); the line segment MM' is
represented by coordinates 0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y,
-0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4); the line segment M'N is represented by
coordinates 0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y,
-0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02); the line segment VG is represented
by coordinates (0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y,
-0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4); and the line segments NV and GM are
straight lines.
15. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant
is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the
following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7,
18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line
segments; the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y, -0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and the line segment UO is a straight line.
16. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in
a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the
following 5 points: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5,
36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4),
and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments; the line
segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235); the
line segment RT is represented by coordinates
0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y, -0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and the line segment TL is a straight line.
17. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in
a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the
following 3 points: point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9,
39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line
segments; the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9); the
line segment ST is represented by coordinates
0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and the line segment TP is a straight line.
18. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32), wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100
mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments
IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GI); the line
segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), the
line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the
line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments KB' and GI are straight lines.
19. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32), wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100
mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments
U, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points: point I
(72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segment GI); the line segment U
is represented by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments JR and GI are
straight lines.
20. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32), wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100
mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments
MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GM); the line
segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), the
line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the
line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines.
21. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32), wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100
mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments
MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points: point M
(47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segment GM); the line segment MN
is represented by coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1,
-0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments JR and GI are
straight lines.
22. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32), wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100
mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments
PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points: point P (31.8,
49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0,
14.2), or on these line segments; the line segment ST is
represented by coordinates (-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931,
0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z), the line segment TP is
represented by coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1,
-0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PS is a
straight line.
23. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a working fluid for
a refrigerating machine that contains a refrigerant composition
containing a refrigerant and that contains a refrigerating oil,
wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32), wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100
mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments
QB'', B''D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points: point Q
(28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0,
67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment B''D); the line
segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z),
the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines.
24. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. of
1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 750 mm.sup.2/s or less.
25. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C.
of 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 100 mm.sup.2/s or less.
26. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerating oil has a volume resistivity at 25.degree. C. of
1.0.times.10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm or more.
27. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerating oil has an acid number of 0.1 mgKOH/g or
less.
28. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerating oil has an ash content of 100 ppm or less.
29. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerating oil has an aniline point of -100.degree. C. or
higher and 0.degree. C. or lower.
30. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,
comprising: a refrigerant circuit which includes a compressor, a
condenser, a decompressing unit, and an evaporator connected to
each other through a refrigerant pipe and through which the working
fluid for a refrigerating machine circulates.
31. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a content of the refrigerating oil in the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine is 5 mass % or more and 60 mass % or
less.
32. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerating oil contains at least one additive selected from
an acid scavenger, an extreme pressure agent, an antioxidant, an
antifoaming agent, an oiliness improver, a metal deactivator, an
anti-wear agent, and a compatibilizer, and a content of the
additive is 5 mass % or less relative to a mass of the
refrigerating oil containing the additive.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration cycle
apparatus.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] In the related art, R410A has been frequently used as a
refrigerant in refrigeration cycle apparatuses such as air
conditioners. R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant of
difluoromethane (CH.sub.2F.sub.2; HFC-32 or R32) and
pentafluoroethane (C.sub.2HF.sub.5; HFC-125 or R125), which is a
pseudo-azeotropic composition.
[0003] However, R410A has a global warming potential (GWP) of 2088.
From the viewpoint of increasing concern for global warming, R32
having a lower GWP of 675 has been more frequently used in recent
years.
[0004] Therefore, for example, PTL 1 (International Publication No.
2015/141678) proposes various low-GWP mixture refrigerants as
alternatives to R410A.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0005] However, it has not been studied that good lubricity in a
refrigeration cycle apparatus is achieved when a refrigeration
cycle is performed using a refrigerant having a sufficiently low
GWP.
[0006] In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present
disclosure to provide a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which good
lubricity can be achieved when a refrigeration cycle is performed
using a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP.
Solution to Problem
[0007] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a first aspect
comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that contains
a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and that
contains a refrigerating oil. The refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0008] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred
to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
[0009] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect,
wherein [0010] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect
the following 7 points: point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O
(100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA); [0011] the line
segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0012] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0013]
the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0014]
the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
[0015] the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
[0016] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a third aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect,
wherein [0017] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that
connect the following 8 points: point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I
(72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the
above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA,
BD, and CG); [0018] the line segment AA' is represented by
coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0019] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0020] the line segment DC' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0021] the line segment C'C is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and [0022] the line segments GI,
IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0023] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect,
wherein [0024] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P
(55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4,
33.3), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments BD and CJ); [0025] the line segment PN
is represented by coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), [0026] the line segment NK is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91,
-0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91), [0027] the line segment KA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0028] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0029] the line segment DC' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0030] the line segment C'C is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and [0031] the line segments JP,
BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0032] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect,
wherein [0033] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P
(55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2,
33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments BD and CJ); [0034] the line segment PL
is represented by coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43) [0035] the line segment MA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0036] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0037] the line segment DC' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0038] the line segment C'C is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and [0039] the line segments JP,
LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0040] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect,
wherein [0041] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the
following 7 points: point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9,
5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point
B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8,
44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on
the line segment BF); [0042] the line segment PL is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), [0043] the line segment MA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0044] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0045] the line segment FT is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), [0046] the line segment TP is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525,
-0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and [0047] the line segments LM
and BF are straight lines.
[0048] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventh
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
aspect, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points: point P (55.8,
42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6),
and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments;
[0049] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0050] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0051] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
[0052] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
aspect, wherein [0053] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the
following 6 points: point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2,
33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on
the above line segments, [0054] the line segment MA' is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0055] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0056] the line segment FT is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), [0057] the line segment TS is
represented by coordinates (x, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and [0058] the line segments SM and
BF are straight lines.
[0059] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a ninth aspect
comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that contains
a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and that
contains a refrigerating oil, [0060] wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more based on the entire refrigerant, and [0061] the refrigerant
comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the
entire refrigerant.
[0062] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a coefficient of performance (COP) and a
refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling
capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with
lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE) is used.
[0063] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a tenth aspect
comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that contains
a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and that
contains a refrigerating oil, [0064] wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more based on the entire refrigerant, and [0065] the refrigerant
comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the
entire refrigerant.
[0066] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a coefficient of performance (COP) and a
refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling
capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with
lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE) is used.
[0067] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eleventh
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0068] wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein [0069] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0070] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that
connect the following 6 points: point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point
A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D' (0.0,
0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G, point I,
point A, point B, point D', and point C); [0071] if
11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0), point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); [0072]
if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); [0073]
if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
[0074] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
[0075] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred
to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
[0076] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twelfth
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0077] wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein [0078] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0079] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points: point J
(0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point
J, point B, point D', and point C); [0080] if
11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801),
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); [0081] if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); [0082] if
26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and [0083] if
36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and
AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
[0084] Since each refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred
to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
[0085] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirteenth
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0086] wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane
(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein [0087]
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum
in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI
that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E
(58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment EI; [0088] the line segment IJ is represented
by coordinates (0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y,
-0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0); [0089] the line segment NE is
represented by coordinates (0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y,
-0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and [0090] the line segments JN and EI
are straight lines.
[0091] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred
to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to that of R410A and
classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0092] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourteenth
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0093] wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein [0094] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that
connect the following 5 points: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point
M'(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0,
18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM); [0095] the
line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4); [0096] the
line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02);
[0097] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4); and
[0098] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
[0099] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred
to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to that of R410A and
classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0100] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifteenth
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0101] wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein [0102] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect
the following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7,
18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line
segments; [0103] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y, -0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
[0104] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and [0105] the line segment UO is a straight line.
[0106] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred
to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to that of R410A and
classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0107] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixteenth
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0108] wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein [0109] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that
connect the following 5 points: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R
(25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7,
19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments;
[0110] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235);
[0111] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
[0112] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y, -0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
[0113] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and [0114] the line segment TL is a straight line.
[0115] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred
to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to that of R410A and
classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0116] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventeenth
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0117] wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein [0118] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points: point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9,
39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line
segments; [0119] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0120] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and [0121] the line segment TP is a straight line.
[0122] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred
to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to that of R410A and
classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0123] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighteenth
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0124] wherein the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
[0125] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB',
B'H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points: point I
(72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6,
18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments B'H and GI); [0126] the line segment IK
is represented by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), [0127] the line segment HR is
represented by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), [0128] the line segment RG is
represented by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and [0129] the line segments KB'
and GI are straight lines.
[0130] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that
of R410A is used.
[0131] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a nineteenth
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0132] wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein [0133] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that
connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J
(57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GI); [0134] the line segment IJ is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0,
z), [0135] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
[0136] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
[0137] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that
of R410A is used.
[0138] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twentieth
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0139] wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein [0140] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GM that connect the following 6 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H
(0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GM); [0141] the line segment MP is
represented by coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1,
-0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), [0142] the line segment HR is
represented by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), [0143] the line segment RG is
represented by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and [0144] the line segments PB'
and GM are straight lines.
[0145] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that
of R410A is used.
[0146] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty-first
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0147] wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein [0148] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that
connect the following 4 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N
(38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM); [0149] the line segment MN is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), [0150] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
[0151] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
[0152] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that
of R410A is used.
[0153] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty-second
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0154] wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein [0155] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points: point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4,
56.2, 18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line
segments; [0156] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates [0157]
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0158] the line segment PS is a straight line.
[0159] Since this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil,
good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using the above refrigerant
composition. In this refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that
of R410A is used.
[0160] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty-third
aspect comprises a working fluid for a refrigerating machine that
contains a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant and
that contains a refrigerating oil, [0161] wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein [0162] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and UQ that
connect the following 4 points: point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point
B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U
(28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment B''D); [0163] the line segment DU is
represented by coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z), [0164] the line segment UQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133,
-0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z), and
[0165] the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines. Since
this refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a refrigerant having a
sufficiently low GWP and a refrigerating oil, good lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus can be achieved when a refrigeration
cycle is performed using the above refrigerant composition. In this
refrigeration cycle, good lubricity in the refrigeration cycle
apparatus can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is
used.
[0166] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty-fourth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of
the first aspect to the twenty-third aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 1
mm.sup.2/s or more and 750 mm.sup.2/s or less.
[0167] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty-fifth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of
the first aspect to the twenty-fourth aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of 1
mm.sup.2/s or more and 100 mm.sup.2/s or less.
[0168] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty-sixth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of
the first aspect to the twenty-fifth aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil has a volume resistivity at 25.degree. C. of
1.0.times.10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm or more.
[0169] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a
twenty-seventh aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus
according to any one of the first aspect to the twenty-sixth
aspect, wherein the refrigerating oil has an acid number of 0.1
mgKOH/g or less.
[0170] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty-eighth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of
the first aspect to the twenty-seventh aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil has an ash content of 100 ppm or less.
[0171] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty-ninth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of
the first aspect to the twenty-eighth aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil has an aniline point of -100.degree. C. or higher
and 0.degree. C. or lower.
[0172] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirtieth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of
the first aspect to the twenty-ninth aspect and includes a
refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor,
a condenser, a decompressing unit, and an evaporator connected to
each other through a refrigerant pipe. The working fluid for a
refrigerating machine circulates through the refrigerant
circuit.
[0173] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty-first
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of
the first aspect to the thirtieth aspect, wherein a content of the
refrigerating oil in the working fluid for a refrigerating machine
is 5 mass % or more and 60 mass % or less.
[0174] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty-second
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of
the first aspect to the thirty-first aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil contains at least one additive selected from an
acid scavenger, an extreme pressure agent, an antioxidant, an
antifoaming agent, an oiliness improver, a metal deactivator, an
anti-wear agent, and a compatibilizer. A content of the additive is
5 mass % or less relative to a mass of the refrigerating oil
containing the additive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0175] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a refrigerant
circuit included in a refrigeration cycle apparatus.
[0176] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a
flammability test.
[0177] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments
that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0178] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %.
[0179] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1
mass %).
[0180] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, K',
and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in
a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1
mass %).
[0181] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5
mass %).
[0182] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2
mass %).
[0183] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9
mass %).
[0184] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7
mass %).
[0185] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3
mass %).
[0186] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7
mass %).
[0187] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1
mass %).
[0188] FIG. 14 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8
mass %).
[0189] FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W;
and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0190] FIG. 16 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments
that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Refrigeration Cycle Apparatus
[0191] A refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a refrigerant
composition described in Section (4) below and a refrigerating
oil.
(2) Refrigerating Machine Oil
[0192] A refrigerating oil can improve the lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus and can also achieve efficient cycle
performance by performing a refrigeration cycle such as a
refrigeration cycle together with a refrigerant composition.
[0193] Examples of the refrigerating oil include oxygen-containing
synthetic oils (e.g., ester-type refrigerating oils and ether-type
refrigerating oils) and hydrocarbon refrigerating oils. In
particular, ester-type refrigerating oils and ether-type
refrigerating oils are preferred from the viewpoint of miscibility
with refrigerants or refrigerant compositions. The refrigerating
oils may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0194] The kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating oil at
40.degree. C. is preferably 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 750 mm.sup.2/s
or less and more preferably 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 400 mm.sup.2/s
or less from at least one of the viewpoints of suppressing the
deterioration of the lubricity and the hermeticity of compressors,
achieving sufficient miscibility with refrigerants under
low-temperature conditions, suppressing the lubrication failure of
compressors, and improving the heat exchange efficiency of
evaporators. Herein, the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating
oil at 100.degree. C. may be, for example, 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and
100 mm.sup.2/s or less and is more preferably 1 mm.sup.2/s or more
and 50 mm.sup.2/s or less.
[0195] The refrigerating oil preferably has an aniline point of
-100.degree. C. or higher and 0.degree. C. or lower. The term
"aniline point" herein refers to a numerical value indicating the
solubility of, for example, a hydrocarbon solvent, that is, refers
to a temperature at which when equal volumes of a sample (herein,
refrigerating oil) and aniline are mixed with each other and
cooled, turbidity appears because of their immiscibility (provided
in JIS K 2256). Note that this value is a value of the
refrigerating oil itself in a state in which the refrigerant is not
dissolved. By using a refrigerating oil having such an aniline
point, for example, even when bearings constituting resin
functional components and insulating materials for electric motors
are used at positions in contact with the refrigerating oil, the
suitability of the refrigerating oil for the resin functional
components can be improved. Specifically, if the aniline point is
excessively low, the refrigerating oil readily infiltrates the
bearings and the insulating materials, and thus the bearings and
the like tend to swell. On the other hand, if the aniline point is
excessively high, the refrigerating oil does not readily infiltrate
the bearings and the insulating materials, and thus the bearings
and the like tend to shrink. Accordingly, the deformation of the
bearings and the insulating materials due to swelling or shrinking
can be prevented by using the refrigerating oil having an aniline
point within the above-described predetermined range (-100.degree.
C. or higher and 0.degree. C. or lower). If the bearings deform
through swelling, the desired length of a gap at a sliding portion
cannot be maintained. This may result in an increase in sliding
resistance. If the bearings deform through shrinking, the hardness
of the bearings increases, and consequently the bearings may be
broken because of vibration of a compressor. In other words, the
deformation of the bearings through shrinking may decrease the
rigidity of the sliding portion. Furthermore, if the insulating
materials (e.g., insulating coating materials and insulating films)
of electric motors deform through swelling, the insulating
properties of the insulating materials deteriorate. If the
insulating materials deform through shrinking, the insulating
materials may also be broken as in the case of the bearings, which
also deteriorates the insulating properties. In contrast, when the
refrigerating oil having an aniline point within the predetermined
range is used as described above, the deformation of bearings and
insulating materials due to swelling or shrinking can be
suppressed, and thus such a problem can be avoided.
[0196] The refrigerating oil is used as a working fluid for a
refrigerating machine by being mixed with a refrigerant
composition. The content of the refrigerating oil relative to the
whole amount of working fluid for a refrigerating machine is
preferably 5 mass % or more and 60 mass % or less and more
preferably 10 mass % or more and 50 mass % or less.
(2-1) Oxygen-Containing Synthetic Oil
[0197] An ester-type refrigerating oil or an ether-type
refrigerating oil serving as an oxygen-containing synthetic oil is
mainly constituted by carbon atoms and oxygen atoms. In the
ester-type refrigerating oil or the ether-type refrigerating oil,
an excessively low ratio (carbon/oxygen molar ratio) of carbon
atoms to oxygen atoms increases the hygroscopicity, and an
excessively high ratio of carbon atoms to oxygen atoms deteriorates
the miscibility with a refrigerant. Therefore, the molar ratio is
preferably 2 or more and 7.5 or less.
(2-1-1) Ester-Type Refrigerating Oil
[0198] Examples of base oil components of the ester-type
refrigerating oil include dibasic acid ester oils of a dibasic acid
and a monohydric alcohol, polyol ester oils of a polyol and a fatty
acid, complex ester oils of a polyol, a polybasic acid, and a
monohydric alcohol (or a fatty acid), and polyol carbonate oils
from the viewpoint of chemical stability.
(Dibasic Acid Ester Oil)
[0199] The dibasic acid ester oil is preferably an ester of a
dibasic acid such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid,
glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic
acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, or
terephthalic acid, in particular, a dibasic acid having 5 to 10
carbon atoms (e.g., glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid,
suberic acid, azelaic acid, or sebacic acid) and a monohydric
alcohol having a linear or branched alkyl group and having 1 to 15
carbon atoms (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol,
hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol,
tridecanol, tetradecanol, or pentadecanol). Specific examples of
the dibasic acid ester oil include ditridecyl glutarate,
di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, diisodecyl adipate, ditridecyl adipate,
and di(3-ethylhexyl) sebacate.
(Polyol Ester Oil)
[0200] The polyol ester oil is an ester synthesized from a
polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid (carboxylic acid), and has a
carbon/oxygen molar ratio of 2 or more and 7.5 or less, preferably
3.2 or more and 5.8 or less.
[0201] The polyhydric alcohol constituting the polyol ester oil is
a diol (e.g., ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol,
1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol,
1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol,
2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,7-heptanediol,
2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,
8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol,
or 1,12-dodecanediol) or a polyol having 3 to 20 hydroxyl groups
(trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane,
di-(trimethylolpropane), tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol,
di-(pentaerythritol), tri-(pentaerythritol), glycerol, polyglycerol
(glycerol dimer or trimer), 1,3,5-pentanetriol, sorbitol, sorbitan,
a sorbitol-glycerol condensate, a polyhydric alcohol such as
adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, or mannitol, a saccharide such as
xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose,
mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose,
sucrose, raffinose, gentianose, or melezitose, or a partially
etherified product of the foregoing). One or two or more polyhydric
alcohols may constitute an ester.
[0202] For the fatty acid constituting the polyol ester, the number
of carbon atoms is not limited, but is normally 1 to 24. A linear
fatty acid or a branched fatty acid is preferred. Examples of the
linear fatty acid include acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic
acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid,
nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid,
tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid,
hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid,
nonadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and
linolenic acid. The hydrocarbon group that bonds to a carboxy group
may have only a saturated hydrocarbon or may have an unsaturated
hydrocarbon. Examples of the branched fatty acid include
2-methylpropionic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic
acid, 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid,
3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3-methylhexanoic
acid, 4-methylhexanoic acid, 5-methylhexanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid,
2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid,
3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
2-ethylpentanoic acid, 3-ethylpentanoic acid,
2,2,3-trimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3, 3-trimethylbutanoic acid,
2-ethyl-2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid,
2-methylheptanoic acid, 3-methylheptanoic acid, 4-methylheptanoic
acid, 5-methylheptanoic acid, 6-methylheptanoic acid,
2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-ethylhexanoic acid, 4-ethylhexanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,
3-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 4,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 4,
5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 5,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2-propylpentanoic acid, 2-methyloctanoic acid, 3-methyloctanoic
acid, 4-methyloctanoic acid, 5-methyloctanoic acid,
6-methyloctanoic acid, 7-methyloctanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylheptanoic
acid, 2,3-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2, 6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,
3-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,
5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3, 6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 4,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 4,
6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 5,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 5,
6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 6, 6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2-methyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-methyl-3-ethylhexanoic acid,
2-methyl-4-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-methyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid,
3-methyl-3-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-methyl-4-ethylhexanoic acid,
4-methyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid, 4-methyl-3-ethylhexanoic acid,
4-methyl-4-ethylhexanoic acid, 5-methyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid,
5-methyl-3-ethylhexanoic acid, 5-methyl-4-ethylhexanoic acid,
2-ethylheptanoic acid, 3-methyloctanoic acid,
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylbutyric acid,
2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentanoic
acid, 2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, and
2,2-diisopropylpropanoic acid. One or two or more fatty acids
selected from the foregoing may constitute an ester.
[0203] One polyhydric alcohol may be used to constitute an ester or
a mixture of two or more polyhydric alcohols may be used to
constitute an ester. The fatty acid constituting an ester may be a
single component, or two or more fatty acids may constitute an
ester. The fatty acids may be individual fatty acids of the same
type or may be two or more types of fatty acids as a mixture. The
polyol ester oil may have a free hydroxyl group.
[0204] Specifically, the polyol ester oil is more preferably an
ester of a hindered alcohol such as neopentyl glycol,
trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane,
di-(trimethylolpropane), tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol,
di-(pentaerythritol), or tri-(pentaerythritol); further preferably
an ester of neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane,
trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol, or
di-(pentaerythritol); and preferably an ester of neopentyl glycol,
trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, di-(pentaerythritol), or the
like and a fatty acid having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0205] The fatty acid constituting such a polyhydric alcohol fatty
acid ester may be only a fatty acid having a linear alkyl group or
may be selected from fatty acids having a branched structure. A
mixed ester of linear and branched fatty acids may be employed.
Furthermore, two or more fatty acids selected from the above fatty
acids may be used to constitute an ester.
[0206] Specifically, for example, in the case of a mixed ester of
linear and branched fatty acids, the molar ratio of a linear fatty
acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and a branched fatty acid having 7
to 9 carbon atoms is 15:85 to 90:10, preferably 15:85 to 85:15,
more preferably 20:80 to 80:20, further preferably 25:75 to 75:25,
and most preferably 30:70 to 70:30. The total content of the linear
fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid
having 7 to 9 carbon atoms relative to the whole amount of fatty
acid constituting the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester is
preferably 20 mol % or more. The fatty acid preferably has such a
composition that both of sufficient miscibility with a refrigerant
and viscosity required as a refrigerating oil are achieved. The
content of a fatty acid herein refers to a value relative to the
whole amount of fatty acid constituting the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester contained in the refrigerating oil.
[0207] In particular, the refrigerating oil preferably contains an
ester (hereafter referred to as a "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid
ester (A)") in which the molar ratio of the fatty acid having 4 to
6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon
atoms is 15:85 to 90:10, the fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms
contains 2-methylpropionic acid, and the total content of the fatty
acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having
7 to 9 carbon atoms relative to the whole amount of fatty acid
constituting the above ester is 20 mol % or more.
[0208] The polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) includes a
complete ester in which all hydroxyl groups of a polyhydric alcohol
are esterified, a partial ester in which some hydroxyl groups of a
polyhydric alcohol are left without being esterified, and a mixture
of a complete ester and a partial ester. The hydroxyl value of the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is preferably 10 mgKOH/g or
less, more preferably 5 mgKOH/g or less, and most preferably 3
mgKOH/g or less.
[0209] For the fatty acid constituting the polyhydric alcohol fatty
acid ester (A), the molar ratio of the fatty acid having 4 to 6
carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon atoms
is 15:85 to 90:10, preferably 15:85 to 85:15, more preferably 20:80
to 80:20, further preferably 25:75 to 75:25, and most preferably
30:70 to 70:30. The total content of the fatty acid having 4 to 6
carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon atoms
relative to the whole amount of fatty acid constituting the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is 20 mol % or more. In the
case where the above conditions for the composition of the fatty
acid are not satisfied, if difluoromethane is contained in the
refrigerant composition, both of sufficient miscibility with the
difluoromethane and viscosity required as a refrigerating oil are
not easily achieved at high levels. The content of a fatty acid
refers to a value relative to the whole amount of fatty acid
constituting the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester contained in
the refrigerating oil.
[0210] Specific examples of the fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon
atoms include butanoic acid, 2-methylpropionic acid, pentanoic
acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylpropionic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid,
3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, and hexanoic acid. Among them, a fatty
acid having a branched structure at an alkyl skeleton, such as
2-methylpropionic acid, is preferred.
[0211] Specific examples of the branched fatty acid having 7 to 9
carbon atoms include 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3-methylhexanoic acid,
4-methylhexanoic acid, 5-methylhexanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylpentanoic
acid, 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 3-ethylpentanoic
acid, 1,1,2-trimethylbutanoic acid, 1,2,2-trimethylbutanoic acid,
1-ethyl-1-methylbutanoic acid, 1-ethyl-2-methylbutanoic acid,
octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-ethylhexanoic acid,
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2-methylheptanoic acid,
3-methylheptanoic acid, 4-methylheptanoic acid, 5-methylheptanoic
acid, 6-methylheptanoic acid, 2-propylpentanoic acid, nonanoic
acid, 2,2-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2-methyloctanoic acid,
2-ethylheptanoic acid, 3-methyloctanoic acid,
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylbutyric acid,
2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentanoic
acid, 2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, and
2,2-diisopropylpropanoic acid.
[0212] The polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) may contain, as
an acid constituent component, a fatty acid other than the fatty
acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having
7 to 9 carbon atoms as long as the molar ratio of the fatty acid
having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having 7 to
9 carbon atoms is 15:85 to 90:10 and the fatty acid having 4 to 6
carbon atoms contains 2-methylpropionic acid.
[0213] Specific examples of the fatty acid other than the fatty
acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having
7 to 9 carbon atoms include fatty acids having 2 or 3 carbon atoms,
such as acetic acid and propionic acid; linear fatty acids having 7
to 9 carbon atoms, such as heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, and
nonanoic acid; and fatty acids having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, such
as decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic
acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid,
heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid,
eicosanoic acid, and oleic acid.
[0214] When the fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the
branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon atoms are used in
combination with fatty acids other than these fatty acids, the
total content of the fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the
branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon atoms relative to the
whole amount of fatty acid constituting the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester (A) is preferably 20 mol % or more, more
preferably 25 mol % or more, and further preferably 30 mol % or
more. When the content is 20 mol % or more, sufficient miscibility
with difluoromethane is achieved in the case where the
difluoromethane is contained in the refrigerant composition.
[0215] A polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) containing, as
acid constituent components, only 2-methylpropionic acid and
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid is particularly preferred from the
viewpoint of achieving both necessary viscosity and miscibility
with difluoromethane in the case where the difluoromethane is
contained in the refrigerant composition.
[0216] The polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester may be a mixture of
two or more esters having different molecular structures. In this
case, individual molecules do not necessarily satisfy the above
conditions as long as the whole fatty acid constituting a
pentaerythritol fatty acid ester contained in the refrigerating oil
satisfies the above conditions.
[0217] As described above, the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester
(A) contains the fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the
branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon atoms as essential acid
components constituting the ester and may optionally contain other
fatty acids as constituent components. In other words, the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) may contain only two fatty
acids as acid constituent components or three or more fatty acids
having different structures as acid constituent components, but the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester preferably contains, as an acid
constituent component, only a fatty acid whose carbon atom
(.alpha.-position carbon atom) adjacent to carbonyl carbon is not
quaternary carbon. If the fatty acid constituting the polyhydric
alcohol fatty acid ester contains a fatty acid whose
.alpha.-position carbon atom is quaternary carbon, the lubricity in
the presence of difluoromethane in the case where the
difluoromethane is contained in the refrigerant composition tends
to be insufficient.
[0218] The polyhydric alcohol constituting the polyol ester
according to this embodiment is preferably a polyhydric alcohol
having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.
[0219] Specific examples of the dihydric alcohol (diol) include
ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol,
1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol,
neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol,
1,7-heptanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol,
2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol,
1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, and 1,12-dodecanediol. Specific
examples of the trihydric or higher alcohol include polyhydric
alcohols such as trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane,
trimethylolbutane, di-(trimethylolpropane),
tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di-(pentaerythritol),
tri-(pentaerythritol), glycerol, polyglycerol (glycerol dimer or
trimer), 1,3,5-pentanetriol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbitol glycerol
condensates, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, and mannitol; saccharides
such as xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose,
galactose, mannose, sorbose, and cellobiose; and partially
etherified products of the foregoing. Among them, in terms of
better hydrolysis stability, an ester of a hindered alcohol such as
neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane,
trimethylolbutane, di-(trimethylolpropane),
tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di-(pentaerythritol), or
tri-(pentaerythritol) is preferably used; an ester of neopentyl
glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane,
pentaerythritol, or di-(pentaerythritol) is more preferably used;
and neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, or
di-(pentaerythritol) is further preferably used. In terms of
excellent miscibility with a refrigerant and excellent hydrolysis
stability, a mixed ester of pentaerythritol, di-(pentaerythritol),
or pentaerythritol and di-(pentaerythritol) is most preferably
used.
[0220] Preferred examples of the acid constituent component
constituting the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) are as
follows:
(i) a combination of 1 to 13 acids selected from butanoic acid,
2-methylpropionic acid, pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid,
3-methylbutanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid,
2-methylpentanoic acid, 3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic
acid, 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, and hexanoic acid and 1 to 13 acids
selected from 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3-methylhexanoic acid,
4-methylhexanoic acid, 5-methylhexanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylpentanoic
acid, 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 3-ethylpentanoic
acid, and 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid; (ii) a combination of 1 to
13 acids selected from butanoic acid, 2-methylpropionic acid,
pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylpropionic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid,
3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, and hexanoic acid and 1 to 25 acids
selected from 2-methylheptanoic acid, 3-methylheptanoic acid,
4-methylheptanoic acid, 5-methylheptanoic acid, 6-methylheptanoic
acid, 2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylhexanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 5,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,3-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,2,3-trimethylpentanoic acid, 2,3,3-trimethylpentanoic acid,
2,4,4-trimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4,4-trimethylpentanoic acid,
2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-propylpentanoic acid,
2-methyl-2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-methyl-3-ethylpentanoic acid, and
3-methyl-3-ethylpentanoic acid; and (iii) a combination of 1 to 13
acids selected from butanoic acid, 2-methylpropionic acid,
pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylpropionic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid,
3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, and hexanoic acid and 1 to 50 acids
selected from 2-methyloctanoic acid, 3-methyloctanoic acid,
4-methyloctanoic acid, 5-methyloctanoic acid, 6-methyloctanoic
acid, 7-methyloctanoic acid, 8-methyloctanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylheptanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 5,5-dimethylheptanoic acid,
6,6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,
6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylheptanoic acid,
3,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
4,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 4,6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2-ethylheptanoic acid, 3-ethylheptanoic acid, 4-ethylheptanoic
acid, 5-ethylheptanoic acid, 2-propylhexanoic acid,
3-propylhexanoic acid, 2-butylpentanoic acid,
2,2,3-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,3-trimethylhexanoic acid,
2,2,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
2,3,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
3,3,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 4,4,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
4,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentanoic acid,
2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic
acid, 2,3,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid,
3,3,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2-diethylpentanoic acid,
2,3-diethylpentanoic acid, 3,3-diethylpentanoic acid,
2-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylbutyric acid, 3-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylbutyric
acid, and 2,2-diisopropylpropionic acid.
[0221] Further preferred examples of the acid constituent component
constituting the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester are as
follows:
(i) a combination of 2-methylpropionic acid and 1 to 13 acids
selected from 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3-methylhexanoic acid,
4-methylhexanoic acid, 5-methylhexanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylpentanoic
acid, 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 3-ethylpentanoic
acid, and 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid; (ii) a combination of
2-methylpropionic acid and 1 to 25 acids selected from
2-methylheptanoic acid, 3-methylheptanoic acid, 4-methylheptanoic
acid, 5-methylheptanoic acid, 6-methylheptanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylhexanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 5,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,3-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,2,3-trimethylpentanoic acid, 2,3,3-trimethylpentanoic acid,
2,4,4-trimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4,4-trimethylpentanoic acid,
2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-propylpentanoic acid,
2-methyl-2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-methyl-3-ethylpentanoic acid, and
3-methyl-3-ethylpentanoic acid; and (iii) a combination of
2-methylpropionic acid and 1 to 50 acids selected from
2-methyloctanoic acid, 3-methyloctanoic acid, 4-methyloctanoic
acid, 5-methyloctanoic acid, 6-methyloctanoic acid,
7-methyloctanoic acid, 8-methyloctanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylheptanoic
acid, 3,3-dimethylheptanoic acid, 4,4-dimethylheptanoic acid,
5,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 6,6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2,3-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
3,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,5-dimethylheptanoic acid,
3,6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 4,5-dimethylheptanoic acid,
4,6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2-ethylheptanoic acid, 3-ethylheptanoic
acid, 4-ethylheptanoic acid, 5-ethylheptanoic acid,
2-propylhexanoic acid, 3-propylhexanoic acid, 2-butylpentanoic
acid, 2,2,3-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,3-trimethylhexanoic acid,
2,2,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
2,3,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
3,3,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 4,4,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
4,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentanoic acid,
2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic
acid, 2,3,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid,
3,3,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2-diethylpentanoic acid,
2,3-diethylpentanoic acid, 3,3-diethylpentanoic acid,
2-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylbutyric acid, 3-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylbutyric
acid, and 2,2-diisopropylpropionic acid.
[0222] The content of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A)
is 50 mass % or more, preferably 60 mass % or more, more preferably
70 mass % or more, and further preferably 75 mass % or more
relative to the whole amount of the refrigerating oil. The
refrigerating oil according to this embodiment may contain a
lubricating base oil other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid
ester (A) and additives as described later. However, if the content
of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is less than 50 mass
%, necessary viscosity and miscibility cannot be achieved at high
levels.
[0223] In the refrigerating oil according to this embodiment, the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is mainly used as a base
oil. The base oil of the refrigerating oil according to this
embodiment may be a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) alone
(i.e., the content of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A)
is 100 mass %). However, in addition to the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester (A), a base oil other than the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester (A) may be further contained to the degree that
the excellent performance of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid
ester (A) is not impaired. Examples of the base oil other than the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) include hydrocarbon oils
such as mineral oils, olefin polymers, alkyldiphenylalkanes,
alkylnaphthalenes, and alkylbenzenes; and esters other than the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A), such as polyol esters,
complex esters, and alicyclic dicarboxylic acid esters, and
oxygen-containing synthetic oils (hereafter, may be referred to as
"other oxygen-containing synthetic oils") such as polyglycols,
polyvinyl ethers, ketones, polyphenyl ethers, silicones,
polysiloxanes, and perfluoroethers.
[0224] Among them, the oxygen-containing synthetic oil is
preferably an ester other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid
ester (A), a polyglycol, or a polyvinyl ether and particularly
preferably a polyol ester other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty
acid ester (A). The polyol ester other than the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester (A) is an ester of a fatty acid and a polyhydric
alcohol such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane,
trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol, or
dipentaerythritol and is particularly preferably an ester of
neopentyl glycol and a fatty acid, an ester of pentaerythritol and
a fatty acid, or an ester of dipentaerythritol and a fatty
acid.
[0225] The neopentyl glycol ester is preferably an ester of
neopentyl glycol and a fatty acid having 5 to 9 carbon atoms.
Specific examples of the neopentyl glycol ester include neopentyl
glycol di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate), neopentyl glycol
di(2-ethylhexanoate), neopentyl glycol di(2-methylhexanoate),
neopentyl glycol di(2-ethylpentanoate), an ester of neopentyl
glycol and 2-methylhexanoic acid.2-ethylpentanoic acid, an ester of
neopentyl glycol and 3-methylhexanoic acid.5-methylhexanoic acid,
an ester of neopentyl glycol and 2-methylhexanoic
acid.2-ethylhexanoic acid, an ester of neopentyl glycol and
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid.4,5-dimethylhexanoic
acid.3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, neopentyl glycol dipentanoate,
neopentyl glycol di(2-ethylbutanoate), neopentyl glycol
di(2-methylpentanoate), neopentyl glycol di(2-methylbutanoate), and
neopentyl glycol di(3-methylbutanoate).
[0226] The pentaerythritol ester is preferably an ester of
pentaerythritol and a fatty acid having 5 to 9 carbon atoms. The
pentaerythritol ester is, specifically, an ester of pentaerythritol
and at least one fatty acid selected from pentanoic acid,
2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, hexanoic acid,
2-methylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic
acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, and
2-ethylhexanoic acid.
[0227] The dipentaerythritol ester is preferably an ester of
dipentaerythritol and a fatty acid having 5 to 9 carbon atoms. The
dipentaerythritol ester is, specifically, an ester of
dipentaerythritol and at least one fatty acid selected from
pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid,
hexanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid,
2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid,
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
[0228] When the refrigerating oil according to this embodiment
contains an oxygen-containing synthetic oil other than the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A), the content of the
oxygen-containing synthetic oil other than the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester (A) is not limited as long as excellent lubricity
and miscibility of the refrigerating oil according to this
embodiment are not impaired. When a polyol ester other than the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is contained, the content
of the polyol ester is preferably less than 50 mass %, more
preferably 45 mass % or less, still more preferably 40 mass % or
less, even more preferably 35 mass % or less, further preferably 30
mass % or less, and most preferably 25 mass % or less relative to
the whole amount of the refrigerating oil. When an
oxygen-containing synthetic oil other than the polyol ester is
contained, the content of the oxygen-containing synthetic oil is
preferably less than 50 mass %, more preferably 40 mass % or less,
and further preferably 30 mass % or less relative to the whole
amount of the refrigerating oil. If the content of the polyol ester
other than the pentaerythritol fatty acid ester or the
oxygen-containing synthetic oil is excessively high, the
above-described effects are not sufficiently produced.
[0229] The polyol ester other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty
acid ester (A) may be a partial ester in which some hydroxyl groups
of a polyhydric alcohol are left without being esterified, a
complete ester in which all hydroxyl groups are esterified, or a
mixture of a partial ester and a complete ester. The hydroxyl value
is preferably 10 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 5 mgKOH/g or
less, and most preferably 3 mgKOH/g or less.
[0230] When the refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment contain a polyol
ester other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A), the
polyol ester may contain one polyol ester having a single structure
or a mixture of two or more polyol esters having different
structures.
[0231] The polyol ester other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty
acid ester (A) may be any of an ester of one fatty acid and one
polyhydric alcohol, an ester of two or more fatty acids and one
polyhydric alcohol, an ester of one fatty acid and two or more
polyhydric alcohols, and an ester of two or more fatty acids and
two or more polyhydric alcohols.
[0232] The refrigerating oil according to this embodiment may be
constituted by only the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) or
by the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) and other base oils.
The refrigerating oil may further contain various additives
described later. The working fluid for a refrigerating machine
according to this embodiment may also further contain various
additives. In the following description, the content of additives
is expressed relative to the whole amount of the refrigerating oil,
but the content of these components in the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine is desirably determined so that the content
is within the preferred range described later when expressed
relative to the whole amount of the refrigerating oil.
[0233] To further improve the abrasion resistance and load
resistance of the refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment, at least one
phosphorus compound selected from the group consisting of
phosphoric acid esters, acidic phosphoric acid esters,
thiophosphoric acid esters, amine salts of acidic phosphoric acid
esters, chlorinated phosphoric acid esters, and phosphorous acid
esters can be added. These phosphorus compounds are esters of
phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid and alkanol or polyether-type
alcohol, or derivatives thereof.
[0234] Specific examples of the phosphoric acid ester include
tributyl phosphate, tripentyl phosphate, trihexyl phosphate,
triheptyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, trinonyl phosphate,
tridecyl phosphate, triundecyl phosphate, tridodecyl phosphate,
tritridecyl phosphate, tritetradecyl phosphate, tripentadecyl
phosphate, trihexadecyl phosphate, triheptadecyl phosphate,
trioctadecyl phosphate, trioleyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate,
tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, cresyldiphenyl
phosphate, and xylenyldiphenyl phosphate.
[0235] Examples of the acidic phosphoric acid ester include
monobutyl acid phosphate, monopentyl acid phosphate, monohexyl acid
phosphate, monoheptyl acid phosphate, monooctyl acid phosphate,
monononyl acid phosphate, monodecyl acid phosphate, monoundecyl
acid phosphate, monododecyl acid phosphate, monotridecyl acid
phosphate, monotetradecyl acid phosphate, monopentadecyl acid
phosphate, monohexadecyl acid phosphate, monoheptadecyl acid
phosphate, monooctadecyl acid phosphate, monooleyl acid phosphate,
dibutyl acid phosphate, dipentyl acid phosphate, dihexyl acid
phosphate, diheptyl acid phosphate, dioctyl acid phosphate, dinonyl
acid phosphate, didecyl acid phosphate, diundecyl acid phosphate,
didodecyl acid phosphate, ditridecyl acid phosphate, ditetradecyl
acid phosphate, dipentadecyl acid phosphate, dihexadecyl acid
phosphate, diheptadecyl acid phosphate, dioctadecyl acid phosphate,
and dioleyl acid phosphate.
[0236] Examples of the thiophosphoric acid ester include tributyl
phosphorothionate, tripentyl phosphorothionate, trihexyl
phosphorothionate, triheptyl phosphorothionate, trioctyl
phosphorothionate, trinonyl phosphorothionate, tridecyl
phosphorothionate, triundecyl phosphorothionate, tridodecyl
phosphorothionate, tritridecyl phosphorothionate, tritetradecyl
phosphorothionate, tripentadecyl phosphorothionate, trihexadecyl
phosphorothionate, triheptadecyl phosphorothionate, trioctadecyl
phosphorothionate, trioleyl phosphorothionate, triphenyl
phosphorothionate, tricresyl phosphorothionate, trixylenyl
phosphorothionate, cresyldiphenyl phosphorothionate, and
xylenyldiphenyl phosphorothionate.
[0237] The amine salt of an acidic phosphoric acid ester is an
amine salt of an acidic phosphoric acid ester and a primary,
secondary, or tertiary amine that has a linear or branched alkyl
group and that has 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 18 carbon
atoms.
[0238] For the amine constituting the amine salt of an acidic
phosphoric acid ester, the amine salt is a salt of an amine such as
a linear or branched methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine,
butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine,
nonylamine, decylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine,
tetradecylamine, pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine, heptadecylamine,
octadecylamine, oleylamine, tetracosylamine, dimethylamine,
diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine,
dihexylamine, diheptylamine, dioctylamine, dinonylamine,
didecylamine, diundecylamine, didodecylamine, ditridecylamine,
ditetradecylamine, dipentadecylamine, dihexadecylamine,
diheptadecylamine, dioctadecylamine, dioleylamine,
ditetracosylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine,
tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, triheptylamine,
trioctylamine, trinonylamine, tridecylamine, triundecylamine,
tridodecylamine, tritridecylamine, tritetradecylamine,
tripentadecyl amine, trihexadecylamine, triheptadecylamine,
trioctadecylamine, trioleylamine, or tritetracosylamine. The amine
may be a single compound or a mixture of two or more compounds.
[0239] Examples of the chlorinated phosphoric acid ester include
tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris(chloroethyl) phosphate,
tris(chlorophenyl) phosphate, and
polyoxyalkylene.bis[di(chloroaklyl)] phosphate. Examples of the
phosphorous acid ester include dibutyl phosphite, dipentyl
phosphite, dihexyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dioctyl
phosphite, dinonyl phosphite, didecyl phosphite, diundecyl
phosphite, didodecyl phosphite, dioleyl phosphite, diphenyl
phosphite, dicresyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tripentyl
phosphite, trihexyl phosphite, triheptyl phosphite, trioctyl
phosphite, trinonyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, triundecyl
phosphite, tridodecyl phosphite, trioleyl phosphite, triphenyl
phosphite, and tricresyl phosphite. Mixtures of these compounds can
also be used.
[0240] When the refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment contain the
above-described phosphorus compound, the content of the phosphorus
compound is not limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 5.0 mass % and
more preferably 0.02 to 3.0 mass % relative to the whole amount of
the refrigerating oil (relative to the total amount of the base oil
and all the additives). The above-described phosphorus compounds
may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0241] The refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment may contain a
terpene compound to further improve the thermal and chemical
stability. The "terpene compound" in the present invention refers
to a compound obtained by polymerizing isoprene and a derivative
thereof, and a dimer to an octamer of isoprene are preferably used.
Specific examples of the terpene compound include monoterpenes such
as geraniol, nerol, linalool, citral (including geranial),
citronellol, menthol, limonene, terpinerol, carvone, ionone,
thujone, camphor, and borneol; sesquiterpenes such as farnesene,
farnesol, nerolidol, juvenile hormone, humulene, caryophyllene,
elemene, cadinol, cadinene, and tutin; diterpenes such as
geranylgeraniol, phytol, abietic acid, pimaragen, daphnetoxin,
taxol, and pimaric acid; sesterterpenes such as geranylfarnesene;
triterpenes such as squalene, limonin, camelliagenin, hopane, and
lanosterol; and tetraterpenes such as carotenoid.
[0242] Among these terpene compounds, the terpene compound is
preferably monoterpene, sesquiterpene, or diterpene, more
preferably sesquiterpene, and particularly preferably
.alpha.-farnesene (3,7, 11-trimethyldodeca-1,3,6,10-tetraene)
and/or .beta.-farnesene
(7,11-dimethyl-3-methylidenedodeca-1,6,10-triene). In the present
invention, the terpene compounds may be used alone or in
combination of two or more.
[0243] The content of the terpene compound in the refrigerating oil
according to this embodiment is not limited, but is preferably
0.001 to 10 mass %, more preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and further
preferably 0.05 to 3 mass % relative to the whole amount of the
refrigerating oil. If the content of the terpene compound is less
than 0.001 mass %, an effect of improving the thermal and chemical
stability tends to be insufficient. If the content is more than 10
mass %, the lubricity tends to be insufficient. The content of the
terpene compound in the working fluid for a refrigerating machine
according to this embodiment is desirably determined so that the
content is within the above preferred range when expressed relative
to the whole amount of the refrigerating oil.
[0244] The refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment may contain at
least one epoxy compound selected from phenyl glycidyl ether-type
epoxy compounds, alkyl glycidyl ether-type epoxy compounds,
glycidyl ester-type epoxy compounds, allyloxirane compounds,
alkyloxirane compounds, alicyclic epoxy compounds, epoxidized fatty
acid monoesters, and epoxidized vegetable oils to further improve
the thermal and chemical stability.
[0245] Specific examples of the phenyl glycidyl ether-type epoxy
compound include phenyl glycidyl ether and alkylphenyl glycidyl
ethers. The alkylphenyl glycidyl ether herein is an alkylphenyl
glycidyl ether having 1 to 3 alkyl groups with 1 to 13 carbon
atoms. In particular, the alkylphenyl glycidyl ether is preferably
an alkylphenyl glycidyl ether having one alkyl group with 4 to 10
carbon atoms, such as n-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, i-butylphenyl
glycidyl ether, sec-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, tert-butylphenyl
glycidyl ether, pentylphenyl glycidyl ether, hexylphenyl glycidyl
ether, heptylphenyl glycidyl ether, octylphenyl glycidyl ether,
nonylphenyl glycidyl ether, or decylphenyl glycidyl ether.
[0246] Specific examples of the alkyl glycidyl ether-type epoxy
compound include decyl glycidyl ether, undecyl glycidyl ether,
dodecyl glycidyl ether, tridecyl glycidyl ether, tetradecyl
glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol
diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether,
pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl
ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, polyalkylene glycol
monoglycidyl ether, and polyalkylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
[0247] Specific examples of the glycidyl ester-type epoxy compound
include phenyl glycidyl ester, alkyl glycidyl esters, and alkenyl
glycidyl esters. Preferred examples of the glycidyl ester-type
epoxy compound include glycidyl-2,2-dimethyloctanoate, glycidyl
benzoate, glycidyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate.
[0248] Specific examples of the allyloxirane compound include
1,2-epoxystyrene and alkyl-1,2-epoxy styrenes.
[0249] Specific examples of the alkyloxirane compound include
1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxypentane, 1,2-epoxyhexane,
1,2-epoxyheptane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxynonane,
1,2-epoxydecane, 1,2-epoxyundecane, 1,2-epoxydodecane,
1,2-epoxytridecane, 1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxypentadecane,
1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1,2-epoxyheptadecane, 1,1,2-epoxyoctadecane,
2-epoxynonadecane, and 1,2-epoxyeicosane.
[0250] Specific examples of the alicyclic epoxy compound include
1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 1,2-epoxycyclopentane,
3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate,
bis(3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) adipate, exo-2,3-epoxynorbornane,
bis(3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl) adipate,
2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl)-spiro(1,3-dioxane-5,3'-[7]oxabicyclo[4.1-
.0]heptane, 4-(1'-methylepoxyethyl)-1,2-epoxy-2-methylcyclohexane,
and 4-epoxyethyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane.
[0251] Specific examples of the epoxidized fatty acid monoester
include esters of an epoxidized fatty acid having 12 to 20 carbon
atoms and an alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenol, or an
alkylphenol. In particular, butyl, hexyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl,
methoxyethyl, octyl, phenyl, and butyl phenyl esters of
epoxystearic acid are preferably used.
[0252] Specific examples of the epoxidized vegetable oil include
epoxy compounds of vegetable oils such as soybean oil, linseed oil,
and cottonseed oil.
[0253] Among these epoxy compounds, phenyl glycidyl ether-type
epoxy compounds, alkyl glycidyl ether-type epoxy compounds,
glycidyl ester-type epoxy compounds, and alicyclic epoxy compounds
are preferred.
[0254] When the refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment contain the
above-described epoxy compound, the content of the epoxy compound
is not limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 5.0 mass % and more
preferably 0.1 to 3.0 mass % relative to the whole amount of the
refrigerating oil. The above-described epoxy compounds may be used
alone or in combination of two or more.
[0255] The kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating oil containing
the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) at 40.degree. C. is
preferably 20 to 80 mm.sup.2/s, more preferably 25 to 75
mm.sup.2/s, and most preferably 30 to 70 mm.sup.2/s. The kinematic
viscosity at 100.degree. C. is preferably 2 to 20 mm.sup.2/s and
more preferably 3 to 10 mm.sup.2/s. When the kinematic viscosity is
more than or equal to the lower limit, the viscosity required as a
refrigerating oil is easily achieved. On the other hand, when the
kinematic viscosity is less than or equal to the upper limit,
sufficient miscibility with difluoromethane in the case where the
difluoromethane is contained as a refrigerant composition can be
achieved.
[0256] The volume resistivity of the refrigerating oil containing
the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is not limited, but is
preferably 1.0.times.10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm or more, more preferably
1.0.times.10.sup.13 .OMEGA.cm or more, and most preferably
1.0.times.10.sup.14 .OMEGA.cm or more. In particular, when the
refrigerating oil is used for sealed refrigerating machines, high
electric insulation tends to be required. The volume resistivity
refers to a value measured at 25.degree. C. in conformity with JIS
C 2101 "Testing methods of electrical insulating oils".
[0257] The water content of the refrigerating oil containing the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is not limited, but is
preferably 200 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, and
most preferably 50 ppm or less relative to the whole amount of the
refrigerating oil. In particular, when the refrigerating oil is
used for sealed refrigerating machines, the water content needs to
be low from the viewpoints of the thermal and chemical stability of
the refrigerating oil and the influence on electric insulation.
[0258] The acid number of the refrigerating oil containing the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is not limited, but is
preferably 0.1 mgKOH/g or less and more preferably 0.05 mgKOH/g or
less to prevent corrosion of metals used for refrigerating machines
or pipes. In the present invention, the acid number refers to an
acid number measured in conformity with JIS K 2501 "Petroleum
products and lubricants--Determination of neutralization
number".
[0259] The ash content of the refrigerating oil containing the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is not limited, but is
preferably 100 ppm or less and more preferably 50 ppm or less to
improve the thermal and chemical stability of the refrigerating oil
and suppress the generation of sludge and the like. The ash content
refers to an ash content measured in conformity with JIS K 2272
"Crude oil and petroleum products--Determination of ash and
sulfated ash".
(Complex Ester Oil)
[0260] The complex ester oil is an ester of a fatty acid and a
dibasic acid, and a monohydric alcohol and a polyol. The
above-described fatty acid, dibasic acid, monohydric alcohol, and
polyol can be used.
[0261] Examples of the fatty acid include the fatty acids mentioned
in the polyol ester.
[0262] Examples of the dibasic acid include oxalic acid, malonic
acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid,
suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid,
isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid.
[0263] Examples of the polyol include the polyhydric alcohols in
the polyol ester. The complex ester is an ester of such a fatty
acid, dibasic acid, and polyol, each of which may be constituted by
a single component or a plurality of components.
(Polyol Carbonate Oil)
[0264] The polyol carbonate oil is an ester of a carbonic acid and
a polyol.
[0265] Examples of the polyol include the above-described diols and
polyols.
[0266] The polyol carbonate oil may be a ring-opened polymer of a
cyclic alkylene carbonate.
(2-1-2) Ether-Type Refrigerating Oil
[0267] The ether-type refrigerating oil is, for example, a
polyvinyl ether oil or a polyoxyalkylene oil.
(Polyvinyl Ether Oil)
[0268] Examples of the polyvinyl ether oil include polymers of a
vinyl ether monomer, copolymers of a vinyl ether monomer and a
hydrocarbon monomer having an olefinic double bond, and copolymers
of a monomer having an olefinic double bond and a polyoxyalkylene
chain and a vinyl ether monomer.
[0269] The carbon/oxygen molar ratio of the polyvinyl ether oil is
preferably 2 or more and 7.5 or less and more preferably 2.5 or
more and 5.8 or less. If the carbon/oxygen molar ratio is smaller
than the above range, the hygroscopicity increases. If the
carbon/oxygen molar ratio is larger than the above range, the
miscibility deteriorates. The weight-average molecular weight of
the polyvinyl ether is preferably 200 or more and 3000 or less and
more preferably 500 or more and 1500 or less.
[0270] The pour point of the polyvinyl ether oil is preferably
-30.degree. C. or lower. The surface tension of the polyvinyl ether
oil at 20.degree. C. is preferably 0.02 N/m or more and 0.04 N/m or
less. The density of the polyvinyl ether oil at 15.degree. C. is
preferably 0.8 g/cm.sup.3 or more and 1.8 g/cm.sup.3 or less. The
saturated water content of the polyvinyl ether oil at a temperature
of 30.degree. C. and a relative humidity of 90% is preferably 2000
ppm or more.
[0271] The refrigerating oil may contain polyvinyl ether as a main
component. In the case where HFO-1234yf is contained as a
refrigerant, the polyvinyl ether serving as a main component of the
refrigerating oil has miscibility with HFO-1234yf. When the
refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 400
mm.sup.2/s or less, HFO-1234yf is dissolved in the refrigerating
oil to some extent. When the refrigerating oil has a pour point of
-30.degree. C. or lower, the flowability of the refrigerating oil
is easily ensured even at positions at which the temperature of the
refrigerant composition and the refrigerating oil is low in the
refrigerant circuit. When the refrigerating oil has a surface
tension at 20.degree. C. of 0.04 N/m or less, the refrigerating oil
discharged from a compressor does not readily form large droplets
of oil that are not easily carried away by a refrigerant
composition. Therefore, the refrigerating oil discharged from the
compressor is dissolved in HFO-1234yf and is easily returned to the
compressor together with HFO-1234yf.
[0272] When the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at
40.degree. C. of 30 mm.sup.2/s or more, an insufficient oil film
strength due to excessively low kinematic viscosity is suppressed,
and thus good lubricity is easily achieved. When the refrigerating
oil has a surface tension at 20.degree. C. of 0.02 N/m or more, the
refrigerating oil does not readily form small droplets of oil in a
gas refrigerant inside the compressor, which can suppress discharge
of a large amount of refrigerating oil from the compressor.
Therefore, a sufficient amount of refrigerating oil is easily
stored in the compressor.
[0273] When the refrigerating oil has a saturated water content at
30.degree. C./90% RH of 2000 ppm or more, a relatively high
hygroscopicity of the refrigerating oil can be achieved. Thus, when
HFO-1234yf is contained as a refrigerant, water in HFO-1234yf can
be captured by the refrigerating oil to some extent. HFO-1234yf has
a molecular structure that is easily altered or deteriorated
because of the influence of water contained. Therefore, the
hydroscopic effects of the refrigerating oil can suppress such
deterioration.
[0274] Furthermore, when a particular resin functional component is
disposed in the sealing portion or sliding portion that is in
contact with a refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit
and the resin functional component is formed of any of
polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, phenolic resin,
polyamide resin, chloroprene rubber, silicon rubber, hydrogenated
nitrile rubber, fluororubber, and hydrin rubber, the aniline point
of the refrigerating oil is preferably set within a particular
range in consideration of the adaptability with the resin
functional component. By setting the aniline point in such a
manner, for example, the adaptability of bearings constituting the
resin functional component with the refrigerating oil is improved.
Specifically, if the aniline point is excessively low, the
refrigerating oil readily infiltrates bearings or the like, and the
bearings or the like readily swell. On the other hand, if the
aniline point is excessively high, the refrigerating oil does not
readily infiltrate bearings or the like, and the bearings or the
like readily shrink. Therefore, by setting the aniline point of the
refrigerating oil within a particular range, the swelling or
shrinking of the bearings or the like can be prevented. Herein, for
example, if each of the bearings or the like deforms through
swelling or shrinking, the desired length of a gap at a sliding
portion cannot be maintained. This may increase the sliding
resistance or decrease the rigidity of the sliding portion.
However, when the aniline point of the refrigerating oil is set
within a particular range as described above, the deformation of
the bearings or the like through swelling or shrinking is
suppressed, and thus such a problem can be avoided.
[0275] The vinyl ether monomers may be used alone or in combination
of two or more. Examples of the hydrocarbon monomer having an
olefinic double bond include ethylene, propylene, various butenes,
various pentenes, various hexenes, various heptenes, various
octenes, diisobutylene, triisobutylene, styrene,
.alpha.-methylstyrene, and various alkyl-substituted styrenes. The
hydrocarbon monomers having an olefinic double bond may be used
alone or in combination of two or more.
[0276] The polyvinyl ether copolymer may be a block copolymer or a
random copolymer. The polyvinyl ether oils may be used alone or in
combination of two or more.
[0277] A polyvinyl ether oil preferably used has a structural unit
represented by general formula (1) below.
##STR00001##
(In the formula, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 may be the same or
different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 represents a divalent
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an ether bond
oxygen-containing divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon
atoms, R.sup.5 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon
atoms, m represents a number at which the average of m in the
polyvinyl ether is 0 to 10, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 may be the same or
different in each of structural units, and when m represents 2 or
more in one structural unit, a plurality of R.sup.4O may be the
same or different.)
[0278] At least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 in the general
formula (1) preferably represents a hydrogen atom. In particular,
all of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 preferably represent a
hydrogen atom. In the general formula (1), m preferably represents
0 or more and 10 or less, particularly preferably 0 or more and 5
or less, further preferably 0. R.sup.5 in the general formula (1)
represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
Specific examples of the hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups
such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an
isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl
group, a tert-butyl group, various pentyl groups, various hexyl
groups, various heptyl groups, and various octyl groups; cycloalkyl
groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, various
methylcyclohexyl groups, various ethylcyclohexyl groups, and
various dimethylcyclohexyl groups; aryl groups such as a phenyl
group, various methylphenyl groups, various ethylphenyl groups, and
various dimethylphenyl groups; and arylalkyl groups such as a
benzyl group, various phenylethyl groups, and various methylbenzyl
groups. Among the alkyl groups, the cycloalkyl groups, the phenyl
group, the aryl groups, and the arylalkyl groups, alkyl groups, in
particular, alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are preferred.
For the polyvinyl ether oil contained, the ratio of a polyvinyl
ether oil with R.sup.5 representing an alkyl group having 1 or 2
carbon atoms and a polyvinyl ether oil with R.sup.5 representing an
alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms is preferably 40%:60% to
100%:0%.
[0279] The polyvinyl ether oil according to this embodiment may be
a homopolymer constituted by the same structural unit represented
by the general formula (1) or a copolymer constituted by two or
more structural units. The copolymer may be a block copolymer or a
random copolymer.
[0280] The polyvinyl ether oil according to this embodiment may be
constituted by only the structural unit represented by the general
formula (1) or may be a copolymer further including a structural
unit represented by general formula (2) below. In this case, the
copolymer may be a block copolymer or a random copolymer.
##STR00002##
(In the formula, R.sup.6 to R.sup.9 may be the same or different
and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1
to 20 carbon atoms.)
[0281] The vinyl ether monomer is, for example, a compound
represented by general formula (3) below.
##STR00003##
(In the formula, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and m
have the same meaning as R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4,
R.sup.5, and m in the general formula (1), respectively.)
[0282] Examples of various polyvinyl ether compounds corresponding
to the above polyvinyl ether compound include vinyl methyl ether;
vinyl ethyl ether; vinyl-n-propyl ether; vinyl-isopropyl ether;
vinyl-n-butyl ether; vinyl-isobutyl ether; vinyl-sec-butyl ether;
vinyl-tert-butyl ether; vinyl-n-pentyl ether; vinyl-n-hexyl ether;
vinyl-2-methoxyethyl ether; vinyl-2-ethoxyethyl ether;
vinyl-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl ether; vinyl-2-methoxy-propyl ether;
vinyl-3,6-dioxaheptyl ether; vinyl-3,6,9-trioxadecyl ether;
vinyl-1,4-dimethyl-3,6-dioxaheptyl ether;
vinyl-1,4,7-trimethyl-3,6,9-trioxadecyl ether;
vinyl-2,6-dioxa-4-heptyl ether; vinyl-2,6,9-trioxa-4-decyl ether;
1-methoxypropene; 1-ethoxypropene; 1-n-propoxypropene;
1-isopropoxypropene; 1-n-butoxypropene; 1-isobutoxypropene;
1-sec-butoxypropene; 1-tert-butoxypropene; 2-methoxypropene;
2-ethoxypropene; 2-n-propoxypropene; 2-isopropoxypropene;
2-n-butoxypropene; 2-isobutoxypropene; 2-sec-butoxypropene;
2-tert-butoxypropene; 1-methoxy-1-butene; 1-ethoxy-1-butene;
1-n-propoxy-1-butene; 1-isopropoxy-1-butene; 1-n-butoxy-1-butene;
1-isobutoxy-1-butene; 1-sec-butoxy-1-butene;
1-tert-butoxy-1-butene; 2-methoxy-1-butene; 2-ethoxy-1-butene;
2-n-propoxy-1-butene; 2-isopropoxy-1-butene; 2-n-butoxy-1-butene;
2-isobutoxy-1-butene; 2-sec-butoxy-1-butene;
2-tert-butoxy-1-butene; 2-methoxy-2-butene; 2-ethoxy-2-butene;
2-n-propoxy-2-butene; 2-isopropoxy-2-butene; 2-n-butoxy-2-butene;
2-isobutoxy-2-butene; 2-sec-butoxy-2-butene; and
2-tert-butoxy-2-butene. These vinyl ether monomers can be produced
by a publicly known method.
[0283] The end of the polyvinyl ether compound having the
structural unit represented by the general formula (1) can be
converted into a desired structure by a method described in the
present disclosure and a publicly known method. Examples of the
group introduced by conversion include saturated hydrocarbons,
ethers, alcohols, ketones, amides, and nitriles.
[0284] The polyvinyl ether compound preferably has the following
end structures.
##STR00004##
(In the formula, R.sup.11, R.sup.21, and R.sup.31 may be the same
or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon
group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.41 represents a divalent
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an ether bond
oxygen-containing divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon
atoms, R.sup.51 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20
carbon atoms, m represents a number at which the average of m in
the polyvinyl ether is 0 to 10, and when m represents 2 or more, a
plurality of R.sup.41O may be the same or different.)
##STR00005##
(In the formula, R.sup.61, R.sup.71, R.sup.81, and R.sup.91 may be
the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.)
##STR00006##
(In the formula, R.sup.12, R.sup.22, and R.sup.32 may be the same
or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon
group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.42 represents a divalent
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an ether bond
oxygen-containing divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon
atoms, R.sup.52 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20
carbon atoms, m represents a number at which the average of m in
the polyvinyl ether is 0 to 10, and when m represents 2 or more, a
plurality of R.sup.42O may be the same or different.)
##STR00007##
(In the formula, R.sup.62, R.sup.72, R.sup.82, and R.sup.92 may be
the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.)
##STR00008##
(In the formula, R.sup.13, R.sup.23, and R.sup.33 may be the same
or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon
group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.)
[0285] The polyvinyl ether oil according to this embodiment can be
produced by polymerizing the above-described monomer through, for
example, radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, or
radiation-induced polymerization. After completion of the
polymerization reaction, a typical separation/purification method
is performed when necessary to obtain a desired polyvinyl ether
compound having a structural unit represented by the general
formula (1).
(Polyoxyalkylene Oil)
[0286] The polyoxyalkylene oil is a polyoxyalkylene compound
obtained by, for example, polymerizing an alkylene oxide having 2
to 4 carbon atoms (e.g., ethylene oxide or propylene oxide) using
water or a hydroxyl group-containing compound as an initiator. The
hydroxyl group of the polyoxyalkylene compound may be etherified or
esterified. The polyoxyalkylene oil may contain an oxyalkylene unit
of the same type or two or more oxyalkylene units in one molecule.
The polyoxyalkylene oil preferably contains at least an
oxypropylene unit in one molecule.
[0287] Specifically, the polyoxyalkylene oil is, for example, a
compound represented by general formula (9) below.
R.sup.101--[(OR.sup.102).sub.k--OR.sup.103].sub.l (9)
(In the formula, 101 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group
having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon
atoms, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 bonding
sites and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.102 represents an alkylene
group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.103 represents a hydrogen
atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an acyl group
having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, l represents an integer of 1 to 6, and
k represents a number at which the average of k.times.l is 6 to
80.)
[0288] In the general formula (9), the alkyl group represented by
R.sup.101 and R.sup.103 may be a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl
group. Specific examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group,
an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, various butyl
groups, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl
groups, various octyl groups, various nonyl groups, various decyl
groups, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group. If the number
of carbon atoms of the alkyl group exceeds 10, the miscibility with
a refrigerant deteriorates, which may cause phase separation. The
number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 6.
[0289] The acyl group represented by R.sup.101 and R.sup.103 may
have a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group moiety. Specific
examples of the alkyl group moiety of the acyl group include
various groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms that are mentioned as
specific examples of the alkyl group. If the number of carbon atoms
of the acyl group exceeds 10, the miscibility with a refrigerant
deteriorates, which may cause phase separation. The number of
carbon atoms of the acyl group is preferably 2 to 6.
[0290] When R.sup.101 and R.sup.103 each represent an alkyl group
or an acyl group, R.sup.101 and R.sup.103 may be the same or
different.
[0291] Furthermore, when 1 represents 2 or more, a plurality of
R.sup.103 in one molecule may be the same or different.
[0292] When R.sup.101 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group
having 2 to 6 bonding sites and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the aliphatic
hydrocarbon group may be a linear group or a cyclic group. Examples
of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having two bonding sites include
an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene
group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, a
nonylene group, a decylene group, a cyclopentylene group, and a
cyclohexylene group. Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group
having 3 to 6 bonding sites include residual groups obtained by
removing hydroxyl groups from polyhydric alcohols such as
trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol,
1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane, and 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane.
[0293] If the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon
group exceeds 10, the miscibility with a refrigerant deteriorates,
which may cause phase separation. The number of carbon atoms is
preferably 2 to 6.
[0294] R.sup.102 in the general formula (9) represents an alkylene
group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of the oxyalkylene group
serving as a repeating unit include an oxyethylene group, an
oxypropylene group, and an oxybutylene group. The polyoxyalkylene
oil may contain an oxyalkylene group of the same type or two or
more oxyalkylene groups in one molecule, but preferably contains at
least an oxypropylene unit in one molecule. In particular, the
content of the oxypropylene unit in the oxyalkylene unit is
suitably 50 mol % or more.
[0295] In the general formula (9), 1 represents an integer of 1 to
6, which can be determined in accordance with the number of bonding
sites of R.sup.101. For example, when R.sup.101 represents an alkyl
group or an acyl group, l represents 1. When R.sup.101 represents
an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 bonding
sites, l represents 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Preferably, l
represents 1 or 2. Furthermore, k preferably represents a number at
which the average of k.times.l is 6 to 80.
[0296] For the structure of the polyoxyalkylene oil, a
polyoxypropylene diol dimethyl ether represented by general formula
(10) below and a poly(oxyethylene/oxypropylene) diol dimethyl ether
represented by general formula (11) below are suitable from the
viewpoints of economy and the above-described effects. Furthermore,
a polyoxypropylene diol monobutyl ether represented by general
formula (12) below, a polyoxypropylene diol monomethyl ether
represented by general formula (13) below, a
poly(oxyethylene/oxypropylene) diol monomethyl ether represented by
general formula (14) below, a poly(oxyethylene/oxypropylene) diol
monobutyl ether represented by general formula (15) below, and a
polyoxypropylene diol diacetate represented by general formula (16)
below are suitable from the viewpoint of economy and the like.
CH.sub.3O--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.h--CH.sub.3 (10)
(In the formula, h represents 6 to 80.)
CH.sub.3O--(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.i--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.j--CH.sub.3
(11)
(In the formula, i and j each represent 1 or more and the sum of i
and j is 6 to 80.)
C.sub.4H.sub.9O--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.h--H (12)
(In the formula, h represents 6 to 80.)
CH.sub.3O--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.h--H (13)
(In the formula, h represents 6 to 80.)
CH.sub.3O--(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.i--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.j--H
(14)
(In the formula, i and j each represent 1 or more and the sum of i
and j is 6 to 80.)
C.sub.4H.sub.9O--(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.i--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.j--H
(15)
(In the formula, i and j each represent 1 or more and the sum of i
and j is 6 to 80.)
CH.sub.3COO--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.h--COCH.sub.3 (16)
(In the formula, h represents 6 to 80.)
[0297] The polyoxyalkylene oils may be used alone or in combination
of two or more.
(2-2) Hydrocarbon Refrigerating Oil
[0298] The hydrocarbon refrigerating oil that can be used is, for
example, an alkylbenzene.
[0299] The alkylbenzene that can be used is a branched alkylbenzene
synthesized from propylene polymer and benzene serving as raw
materials using a catalyst such as hydrogen fluoride or a linear
alkylbenzene synthesized from normal paraffin and benzene serving
as raw materials using the same catalyst. The number of carbon
atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 30 and more preferably
4 to 20 from the viewpoint of achieving a viscosity appropriate as
a lubricating base oil. The number of alkyl groups in one molecule
of the alkylbenzene is dependent on the number of carbon atoms of
the alkyl group, but is preferably 1 to 4 and more preferably 1 to
3 to control the viscosity within the predetermined range.
[0300] The hydrocarbon refrigerating oil preferably circulates
through a refrigeration cycle system together with a refrigerant.
Although it is most preferable that the refrigerating oil is
soluble with a refrigerant, for example, a refrigerating oil (e.g.,
a refrigerating oil disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2803451)
having low solubility can also be used as long as the refrigerating
oil is capable of circulating through a refrigeration cycle system
together with a refrigerant. To allow the refrigerating oil to
circulate through a refrigeration cycle system, the refrigerating
oil is required to have a low kinematic viscosity. The kinematic
viscosity of the hydrocarbon refrigerating oil at 40.degree. C. is
preferably 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 50 mm.sup.2/s or less and more
preferably 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 25 mm.sup.2/s or less.
[0301] These refrigerating oils may be used alone or in combination
of two or more.
[0302] The content of the hydrocarbon refrigerating oil in the
working fluid for a refrigerating machine may be, for example, 10
parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less and is more
preferably 20 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less
relative to 100 parts by mass of the refrigerant composition.
(2-3) Additive
[0303] The refrigerating oil may contain one or two or more
additives.
[0304] Examples of the additives include an acid scavenger, an
extreme pressure agent, an antioxidant, an antifoaming agent, an
oiliness improver, a metal deactivator such as a copper
deactivator, an anti-wear agent, and a compatibilizer.
[0305] Examples of the acid scavenger that can be used include
epoxy compounds such as phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl
ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide,
.alpha.-olefin oxide, and epoxidized soybean oil; and
carbodiimides. Among them, phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl
ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, and
.alpha.-olefin oxide are preferred from the viewpoint of
miscibility. The alkyl group of the alkyl glycidyl ether and the
alkylene group of the alkylene glycol glycidyl ether may have a
branched structure. The number of carbon atoms may be 3 or more and
30 or less, and is more preferably 4 or more and 24 or less and
further preferably 6 or more and 16 or less. The total number of
carbon atoms of the .alpha.-olefin oxide may be 4 or more and 50 or
less, and is more preferably 4 or more and 24 or less and further
preferably 6 or more and 16 or less. The acid scavengers may be
used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0306] The extreme pressure agent may contain, for example, a
phosphoric acid ester. Examples of the phosphoric acid ester that
can be used include phosphoric acid esters, phosphorous acid
esters, acidic phosphoric acid esters, and acidic phosphorous acid
esters. The extreme pressure agent may contain an amine salt of a
phosphoric acid ester, a phosphorous acid ester, an acidic
phosphoric acid ester, or an acidic phosphorous acid ester.
[0307] Examples of the phosphoric acid ester include triaryl
phosphates, trialkyl phosphates, trialkylaryl phosphates,
triarylalkyl phosphates, and trialkenyl phosphates. Specific
examples of the phosphoric acid ester include triphenyl phosphate,
tricresyl phosphate, benzyl diphenyl phosphate, ethyl diphenyl
phosphate, tributyl phosphate, ethyl dibutyl phosphate, cresyl
diphenyl phosphate, dicresyl phenyl phosphate, ethylphenyl diphenyl
phosphate, diethylphenyl phenyl phosphate, propylphenyl diphenyl
phosphate, dipropylphenyl phenyl phosphate, triethylphenyl
phosphate, tripropylphenyl phosphate, butylphenyl diphenyl
phosphate, dibutylphenyl phenyl phosphate, tributylphenyl
phosphate, trihexyl phosphate, tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate,
tridecyl phosphate, trilauryl phosphate, trimyristyl phosphate,
tripalmityl phosphate, tristearyl phosphate, and trioleyl
phosphate.
[0308] Specific examples of the phosphorous acid ester include
triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite,
tricresyl phosphite, tri(nonylphenyl) phosphite, tri(2-ethylhexyl)
phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, triisooctyl
phosphite, diphenylisodecyl phosphite, tristearyl phosphite, and
trioleyl phosphite.
[0309] Specific examples of the acidic phosphoric acid ester
include 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, ethyl acid phosphate, butyl
acid phosphate, oleyl acid phosphate, tetracosyl acid phosphate,
isodecyl acid phosphate, lauryl acid phosphate, tridecyl acid
phosphate, stearyl acid phosphate, and isostearyl acid
phosphate.
[0310] Specific examples of the acidic phosphorous acid ester
include dibutyl hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite,
dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, distearyl hydrogen phosphite, and
diphenyl hydrogen phosphite. Among the phosphoric acid esters,
oleyl acid phosphate and stearyl acid phosphate are suitably
used.
[0311] Among amines used for amine salts of phosphoric acid esters,
phosphorous acid esters, acidic phosphoric acid esters, or acidic
phosphorous acid esters, specific examples of mono-substituted
amines include butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine,
cyclohexylamine, octylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine,
and benzylamine. Specific examples of di-substituted amines include
dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, dicyclohexylamine,
dioctylamine, dilaurylamine, di stearylamine, dioleylamine,
dibenzylamine, stearyl.monoethanolamine, decyl.monoethanolamine,
hexyl.monopropanolamine, benzyl.monoethanolamine,
phenyl.monoethanolamine, and tolyl.monopropanolamine. Specific
examples of tri-substituted amines include tributylamine,
tripentylamine, trihexylamine, tricyclohexylamine, trioctylamine,
trilaurylamine, tristearylamine, trioleylamine, tribenzylamine,
dioleyl.monoethanolamine, dilauryl.monopropanolamine,
dioctyl.monoethanolamine, dihexyl.monopropanolamine,
dibutyl.monopropanolamine, oleyl.diethanolamine,
stearyl.dipropanolamine, lauryl.diethanolamine,
octyl.dipropanolamine, butyl.diethanolamine, benzyl.diethanolamine,
phenyl.diethanolamine, tolyl.dipropanolamine, xylyl.diethanolamine,
triethanolamine, and tripropanolamine.
[0312] Examples of extreme pressure agents other than the
above-described extreme pressure agents include extreme pressure
agents based on organosulfur compounds such as monosulfides,
polysulfides, sulfoxides, sulfones, thiosulfinates, sulfurized fats
and oils, thiocarbonates, thiophenes, thiazoles, and
methanesulfonates; extreme pressure agents based on thiophosphoric
acid esters such as thiophosphoric acid triesters; extreme pressure
agents based on esters such as higher fatty acids, hydroxyaryl
fatty acids, polyhydric alcohol esters, and acrylic acid esters;
extreme pressure agents based on organochlorine compounds such as
chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., chlorinated paraffin and
chlorinated carboxylic acid derivatives; extreme pressure agents
based on fluoroorganic compounds such as fluorinated aliphatic
carboxylic acids, fluorinated ethylene resins, fluorinated
alkylpolysiloxanes, and fluorinated graphites; extreme pressure
agents based on alcohols such as higher alcohols; and extreme
pressure agents based on metal compounds such as naphthenic acid
salts (e.g., lead naphthenate), fatty acid salts (e.g., lead fatty
acid), thiophosphoric acid salts (e.g., zinc
dialkyldithiophosphate), thiocarbamic acid salts, organomolybdenum
compounds, organotin compounds, organogermanium compounds, and
boric acid esters.
[0313] The antioxidant that can be used is, for example, a
phenol-based antioxidant or an amine-based antioxidant. Examples of
the phenol-based antioxidant include
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (DBPC),
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol,
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol),
2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and bisphenol A. Examples of the
amine-based antioxidant include
N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, phenyl-.alpha.-naphthylamine,
N,N'-di-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and
N,N-di(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine. An oxygen scavenger that
captures oxygen can also be used as the antioxidant.
[0314] The antifoaming agent that can be used is, for example, a
silicon compound.
[0315] The oiliness improver that can be used is, for example, a
higher alcohol or a fatty acid.
[0316] The metal deactivator such as a copper deactivator that can
be used is, for example, benzotriazole or a derivative thereof.
[0317] The anti-wear agent that can be used is, for example, zinc
dithiophosphate.
[0318] The compatibilizer is not limited, and can be appropriately
selected from commonly used compatibilizers. The compatibilizers
may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the
compatibilizer include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides,
nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers,
fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizer is
particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
[0319] The refrigerating oil may optionally contain, for example, a
load-bearing additive, a chlorine scavenger, a detergent
dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a heat resistance improver,
a stabilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a pour-point depressant, and
an anticorrosive.
[0320] The content of each additive in the refrigerating oil may be
0.01 mass % or more and 5 mass % or less and is preferably 0.05
mass % or more and 3 mass % or less. The content of the additive in
the working fluid for a refrigerating machine constituted by the
refrigerant composition and the refrigerating oil is preferably 5
mass % or less and more preferably 3 mass % or less.
[0321] The refrigerating oil preferably has a chlorine
concentration of 50 ppm or less and preferably has a sulfur
concentration of 50 ppm or less.
(3) Refrigerant Circuit
[0322] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a refrigerant circuit 10
included in an air conditioner 1 that is a refrigeration cycle
apparatus.
[0323] The air conditioner 1 is an apparatus used for indoor
cooling and/or heating through a vapor-compression refrigeration
cycle operation. The air conditioner 1 mainly includes an outdoor
unit 2, an indoor unit 3, and a liquid-side connection pipe 9 and a
gas-side connection pipe 8 that each connect the outdoor unit 2 and
the indoor unit 3.
[0324] The refrigerant circuit 10 included in the air conditioner 1
includes a compressor 4, an outdoor heat exchanger 5, an expansion
valve 6, and an indoor heat exchanger 7, which are connected to one
another through the liquid-side connection pipe 9, the gas-side
connection pipe 8, and other refrigerant pipes to constitute a
compression refrigerant circuit. The air conditioner 1 includes a
microcomputer, a memory, and the like and also includes a control
unit configured to drive and control various actuators.
[0325] A working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing the
refrigerant composition serving as a refrigerant and the
refrigerating oil is enclosed in the refrigerant circuit 10.
(3-1) Indoor Unit
[0326] The indoor unit 3 is disposed on an indoor ceiling surface
or wall surface. The indoor unit 3 is connected to the outdoor unit
2 through the liquid-side connection pipe 9 and the gas-side
connection pipe 8 and constitutes a part of the refrigerant circuit
10. The refrigerant circuit 10 may include a plurality of indoor
units 3 connected in parallel.
[0327] The indoor unit 3 includes the indoor heat exchanger 7 and
an indoor fan 13.
[0328] The indoor heat exchanger 7 is not limited, and is
constituted by, for example, a heat transfer tube and many fins.
The indoor heat exchanger 7 functions as a refrigerant evaporator
during cooling operation to cool indoor air and functions as a
refrigerant condenser during heating operation to heat indoor
air.
[0329] The indoor fan 13 sucks indoor air into the indoor unit 3 to
cause heat exchange with the refrigerant in the indoor heat
exchanger 7 and then generates air flow supplied to the interior as
supply air. The indoor fan 13 includes an indoor fan motor.
(3-2) Outdoor Unit
[0330] The outdoor unit 2 is disposed outdoors and connected to the
indoor unit 3 through the liquid-side connection pipe 9 and the
gas-side connection pipe 8.
[0331] The outdoor unit 2 includes, for example, the compressor 4,
the outdoor heat exchanger 5, an outdoor fan 12, the expansion
valve 6, an accumulator 11, a four-way switching valve 10, a
liquid-side shutoff valve 14, and a gas-side shutoff valve 15.
[0332] The compressor 4 is, for example, a positive-displacement
compressor driven by a compressor motor. The compressor motor may
be driven by, for example, receiving power supply through an
inverter device (not illustrated).
[0333] The outdoor heat exchanger 5 is not limited, and is
constituted by, for example, a heat transfer tube and many fins.
The outdoor heat exchanger 5 functions as a refrigerant condenser
during cooling operation and functions as a refrigerant evaporator
during heating operation.
[0334] The outdoor fan 12 sucks outdoor air into the outdoor unit 2
to cause heat exchange with the refrigerant in the outdoor heat
exchanger 5 and then generates air flow discharged outdoors. The
outdoor fan 12 includes an outdoor fan motor.
[0335] The expansion valve 6 can control the pressure of a
refrigerant passing therethrough by adjusting the valve opening
degree.
[0336] The accumulator 11 is disposed on the suction side of the
compressor 4 between the four-way switching valve 10 and the
compressor 4 and separates a liquid refrigerant and a gaseous
refrigerant from each other.
[0337] The four-way switching valve 10 can switch the connection
state between a cooling operation connection state in which the
discharge side of the compressor 4 and the outdoor heat exchanger 5
are connected while the downstream side of the accumulator 11 and
the gas-side shutoff valve 15 are connected and a heating operation
connection state in which the discharge side of the compressor 4
and the gas-side shutoff valve 15 are connected while the
downstream side of the accumulator 11 and the outdoor heat
exchanger 5 are connected.
[0338] The liquid-side shutoff valve 14 and the gas-side shutoff
valve 15 are valves disposed at connecting ports with outside
apparatuses and pipes (specifically, the liquid-side connection
pipe 9 and the gas-side connection pipe 8).
(3-3) Refrigeration Cycle
[0339] In the air conditioner 1, the four-way switching valve 10 is
in a cooling operation connection state during cooling operation. A
high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the
compressor 4 is condensed at the outdoor heat exchanger 5 that
functions as a refrigerant condenser, decompressed when passing
through the expansion valve 6, and supplied to the gas side of the
indoor unit 3 through the liquid-side connection pipe 9. The
refrigerant that has been supplied to the indoor unit 3 is
evaporated at the indoor heat exchanger 7 that functions as a
refrigerant evaporator and sucked into the compressor 4 through the
gas-side connection pipe 8 and the accumulator 11 of the outdoor
unit 2.
[0340] In the air conditioner 1, the four-way switching valve 10 is
in a heating operation connection state during heating operation. A
high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the
compressor 4 is sent to the gas side of the indoor unit 3 through
the gas-side connection pipe 8. The refrigerant that has been sent
to the indoor unit 3 is condensed at the indoor heat exchanger 7
that functions as a refrigerant condenser and sent to the expansion
valve 6 of the outdoor unit 2 through the liquid-side connection
pipe 9. The refrigerant decompressed when passing through the
expansion valve 6 is evaporated at the outdoor heat exchanger 5
that functions as a refrigerant evaporator and sucked into the
compressor 4 through the accumulator 11.
[0341] The refrigeration cycle apparatus is not limited. Examples
of the refrigeration cycle apparatus include cooling apparatuses of
room air conditioners, package air conditioners, refrigerators, car
air conditioners, water heaters, dehumidifiers, freezers, cold
stores, vending machines, showcases, chemical plants, and the like.
In particular, the refrigeration cycle apparatus is preferably used
in a refrigerating machine including a hermetic compressor. Each of
the refrigerating oils according to this embodiment can be used for
any of, for example, reciprocating compressors, rotary compressors,
and centrifugal compressors. In these refrigerating machines, the
refrigerating oil according to this embodiment is used as a working
fluid for a refrigerating machine obtained by being mixed with the
refrigerant composition. (4) Refrigerant and Refrigerant
composition
(4-1) Definition of Terms
[0342] In the present specification, the term "refrigerant"
includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817
(International Organization for Standardization), and that are
given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of
refrigerant with "R" at the beginning; and further includes
refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such
refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given.
Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and
non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the
compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons
(HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene
(R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744),
ammonia (R717), and the like. Note that the term "refrigerant"
includes a mixture of a plurality of refrigerants.
[0343] In the present specification, the phase "refrigerant
composition" includes a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of
refrigerants) and other components, and is distinguished from a
refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). The
"refrigerant composition" includes a composition that can be used
to obtain the working fluid for a refrigerating machine by mixing
at least with a refrigerating oil.
[0344] In the present specification, the phase "working fluid for a
refrigerating machine" includes a composition including a
refrigerant and a refrigerating oil, and is distinguished from the
"refrigerant composition". The phase "working fluid for a
refrigerating machine" may be referred to as a "refrigeration
oil-containing working fluid".
[0345] It should be noted that the phase "composition comprising a
refrigerant" can be used as a phase including at least those three
embodiments of "refrigerant", "refrigerant composition", and
"working fluid for a refrigerating machine (refrigeration
oil-containing working fluid)".
[0346] In the present specification, when the term "alternative" is
used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with
the second refrigerant, the first type of "alternative" means that
equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be
operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions,
optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the
following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve,
dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words,
this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated
with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of
"alternative" include "drop-in alternative," "nearly drop-in
alternative," and "retrofit," in the order in which the extent of
changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first
refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
[0347] The term "alternative" also includes a second type of
"alternative," which means that equipment designed for operation
using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the
existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second
refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is
achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
[0348] In the present specification, the term "refrigerating
machine" refers to machines in general that draw heat from an
object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature
of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words,
refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain
energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy
conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is
lower to where the temperature is higher.
[0349] In the present specification, a refrigerant having a "WCF
lower flammability" means that the most flammable composition
(worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning
velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a
refrigerant having "ASHRAE lower flammability" means that the
burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable
fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability:
WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during
storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF,
has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability
classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is
determined to classified as be "Class 2L."
[0350] In the present specification, a refrigerant having an "RCL
of x % or more" means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant
concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a
concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors.
RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity,
suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are
present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard.
More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute
toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL),
and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively
calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of
the ASHRAE Standard.
[0351] In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an
absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature
and the end temperature in the phase change process of a
refrigerant composition of the present disclosure in the heat
exchanger of a refrigerant system.
(4-2) Use of Refrigerant
[0352] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be
preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
[0353] The composition according to the present disclosure is
suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant
such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22
etc.
(4-3) Refrigerant Composition
[0354] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be
further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a
working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
[0355] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure further comprises at least one other component in
addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may
comprise at least one of the following other components, if
necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a
refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at
least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does
not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in
the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure,
the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire
refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more
preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
(4-3-1) Water
[0356] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content
of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less
based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained
in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the
molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present
in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated
fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the
stability of the refrigerant composition.
(4-3-2) Tracer
[0357] A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according
to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that
when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or
undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
[0358] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more
tracers.
[0359] The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from
commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an
impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present
disclosure is selected as the tracer.
[0360] Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons,
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons,
fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated
compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and
nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O). The tracer is particularly preferably a
hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon,
a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a
fluoroether.
[0361] The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.
FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF.sub.4) HCC-40 (chloromethane,
CH.sub.3Cl) HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF.sub.3) HFC-41
(fluoromethane, CH.sub.3Cl) HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CHF.sub.2) HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CH.sub.3) HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CH.sub.2F) HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CH.sub.3) HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH.sub.2FCH.sub.2F)
HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-245fa
(1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-236fa
(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CF.sub.3) HFC-236ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCHF.sub.2) HFC-227ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCF.sub.3) HCFC-22
(chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF.sub.2) HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane,
CH.sub.2ClF) CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF.sub.2.dbd.CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCHF.sub.2)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.3)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether,
CF.sub.3OCHFCF.sub.3) HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl
ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3)
[0362] The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant
composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million
(ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present
in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30
ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is
present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300
ppm.
(4-3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye
[0363] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or
two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
[0364] The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent
dyes.
[0365] Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include
naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene,
thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives
thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably
either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.
(4-3-4) Stabilizer
[0366] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more
stabilizers.
[0367] The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected
from commonly used stabilizers.
[0368] Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and
amines.
[0369] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro
compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro
compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
[0370] Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.
[0371] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine
and diphenylamine.
[0372] Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and
benzotriazole.
[0373] The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the
content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more
preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
(4-3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor
[0374] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two
or more polymerization inhibitors.
[0375] The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
[0376] Examples of polymerization inhibitors include
4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether,
dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and
benzotriazole.
[0377] The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited.
Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is
preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %,
based on the entire refrigerant.
(4-4) Refrigeration Oil--Containing Working Fluid
[0378] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a
refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating
machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working
fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a
refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine
with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The
refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10
to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
[0379] As the refrigeration oil contained in the refrigeration
oil-containing working fluid, one kind of the refrigeration oil
described in the column of (2) Refrigerating oil may be contained
alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be contained. The
refrigerating oil may contain the additives described in the column
of (2-3) Additive.working fluid for a refrigerating machineworking
fluid for a refrigerating machineworking fluid for a refrigerating
machineworking fluid for a refrigerating machine
[0380] Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the
refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in
detail.
[0381] In addition, each description of the following refrigerant
A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E
is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line
segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative
examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A,
the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the
refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant
A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different
embodiment from each other.
(5-1) Refrigerant A
[0382] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0383] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of
performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a
sufficiently low GWP.
[0384] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally
further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following
requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties
desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a
refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are
equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0385] Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:
[0386] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC',
C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points: point A (68.6,
0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);
[0387] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0388] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3,
[0389] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0390] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0391] the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
[0392] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A.
[0393] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based
on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded
by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that
connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line segment CG);
[0394] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0395] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0396] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0397] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0398] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0399] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A
has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the
WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0400] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment
CJ);
[0401] the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0402] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91),
[0403] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0404] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0405] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0406] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0407] the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0408] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a
burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0409] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
[0410] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0411] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0412] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0413] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0414] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0415] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0416] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has
an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0417] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP
that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF);
[0418] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0419] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0420] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0421] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0422] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0423] the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
[0424] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an
RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0425] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect
the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q
(62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above
line segments;
[0426] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0427] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0428] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
[0429] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more
relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more,
furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide
of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0430] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS
that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point
A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0,
61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line
segments,
[0431] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0432] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0433] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0434] the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112),
and
[0435] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
[0436] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more
furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or
more relative to that of R410A.
[0437] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect
the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);
[0438] the line segment dg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0439] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0440] the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.
[0441] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0442] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0443] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and
it that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line
segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
[0444] the line segment lg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0445] the line gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0446] the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
[0447] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0448] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0449] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and
fO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);
[0450] the line segment de is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0451] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0064z.sup.2-1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z.sup.2+0.1565z+34.499, z),
and
[0452] the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.
[0453] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0454] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0455] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0456] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le,
ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line
segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
[0457] the line segment le is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0458] the line segment of is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0459] the line segments fi and it are straight lines.
[0460] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0461] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0462] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0463] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa,
ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point c
(77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points O and c);
[0464] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y,
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0465] the line segment be is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0466] the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.
[0467] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0468] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0469] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0470] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb,
bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and point j
(72.5, 23.2, 4.3), or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
[0471] the line segment kb is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y, and
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0472] the line segment bj is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0473] the line segment jk is a straight line.
[0474] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard.
[0475] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties
and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0476] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more,
based on the entire refrigerant.
[0477] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one
additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant A)
[0478] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A
is not limited to the Examples.
[0479] The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed
refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the
values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated
therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and
HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The
refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a
mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by
performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the
mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport
Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following
conditions.
[0480] Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL
of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol.
%, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the
ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5 K Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0481] Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3
Example 2 Example Ex. 4 Item Unit Ex. 1 O A 1 A' 3 B HFO-1132(E)
mass % R410A 100.0 68.6 49.0 30.6 14.1 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 0.0
14.9 30.0 44.8 58.7 R1234yf mass % 0.0 31.4 36.1 39.4 41.1 41.3 GWP
-- 2088 1 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 410A) 100 99.7 100.0
98.6 97.3 96.3 95.5 Refrigerating % (relative 100 98.3 85.0 85.0
85.0 85.0 85.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.1
0.00 1.98 3.36 4.46 5.15 5.35 glide Discharge % (relative 100.0
99.3 87.1 88.9 90.6 92.1 93.2 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 --
30.7 37.5 44.0 52.7 64.0 78.6
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Ex.
5 Example 5 Example Ex. 6 Ex. 7 7 Ex. 8 Item Unit C 4 C' 6 D E E' F
HFO-1132(E) mass % 32.9 26.6 19.5 10.9 0.0 58.0 23.4 0.0 HFO-1123
mass % 67.1 68.4 70.5 74.1 80.4 42.0 48.5 61.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0
5.0 10.0 15.0 19.6 0.0 28.1 38.2 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 COP ratio %
92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 (relative to 410A)
Refrigerating % 107.4 105.2 102.9 100.5 97.9 105.0 92.5 86.9
capacity ratio (relative to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.16
0.52 0.94 1.42 1.90 0.42 3.16 4.80 glide Discharge % 119.5 117.4
115.3 113.0 115.9 112.7 101.0 95.8 pressure (relative to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 53.5 57.1 62.0 69.1 81.3 41.9 46.3 79.0
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Ex. 9 8 9 10 11 12 Item Unit J P L N N' K HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3
7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2
2 COP ratio % (relative to 93.8 95.0 96.1 97.9 99.1 99.5 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 106.2 104.1 101.6 95.0 88.2 85.0
capacity ratio 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C. 0.31 0.57 0.81
1.41 2.11 2.51 Discharge % (relative to 115.8 111.9 107.8 99.0 91.2
87.7 pressure 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.2 42.6 40.0 38.0 38.7 39.7
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S' T
HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.8 49.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass
% 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9 R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9
9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 99.4
96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.6
85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 0.81 2.58 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.55 2.07 glide
Discharge % (relative 107.8 87.9 106.0 109.6 105.0 105.0 105.0
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 40.0 40.0 40.0 44.8 40.0 44.4
50.8
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comp. Ex. Example Example 10 20 21 Item Unit
G H I HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 14.0
0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 14.0 28.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative
to 96.6 98.2 99.9 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 103.1 95.1
86.6 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C. 0.46 1.27
1.71 Discharge pressure % (relative to 108.4 98.7 88.6 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 37.4 37.0 36.6
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Comp. Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 11 Ex. 12 22 23 24 25 26 Ex. 13
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 91.4 92.0 92.8 93.7 94.7 95.8 96.9 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.7 105.5 105.0 104.3 103.3 102.0 100.6
99.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.40 0.46
0.55 0.66 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.67 glide Discharge % (relative 120.1
118.7 116.7 114.3 111.6 108.7 105.6 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 71.0 61.9 54.9 49.3 44.8 41.0 37.8 35.1
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ex. 15
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 91.9 92.5 93.3 94.3 95.3 96.4 97.5 98.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 103.2 102.9 102.4 101.5 100.5 99.2 97.8
96.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.87 0.94
1.03 1.12 1.18 1.18 1.09 0.88 glide Discharge % (relative 116.7
115.2 113.2 110.8 108.1 105.2 102.1 99.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 70.5 61.6 54.6 49.1 44.6 40.8 37.7 35.0
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 16 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ex. 17
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 92.4 93.1 93.9 94.8 95.9 97.0 98.1 99.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.5 100.2 99.6 98.7 97.7 96.4 94.9 93.2
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.41 1.49 1.56
1.62 1.63 1.55 1.37 1.05 glide Discharge % (relative 113.1 111.6
109.6 107.2 104.5 101.6 98.6 95.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
70.0 61.2 54.4 48.9 44.4 40.7 37.5 34.8
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0
40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.0 93.7 94.5 95.5
96.5 97.6 98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 97.7 97.4 96.8
95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio to4 10A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.03 2.09 2.13 2.14 2.07 1.91 1.61 glide Discharge % (relative
109.4 107.9 105.9 103.5 100.8 98.0 95.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.6 60.9 54.1 48.7 44.2 40.5 37.4
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.6 94.3 95.2 96.1
97.2 98.2 99.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.8 94.5 93.8
92.9 91.8 90.4 88.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.71 2.74 2.73 2.66 2.50 2.22 1.78 glide Discharge % (relative
105.5 104.0 102.1 99.7 97.1 94.3 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3
69.1 60.5 53.8 48.4 44.0 40.4 37.3
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Item Unit 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative to 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.8 97.8 98.9 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.7 87.3 capacity
ratio 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C. 3.46 3.43 3.35 3.18 2.90
2.47 Discharge % (relative to 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.3 90.6
pressure 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.2 43.9 40.2
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Example Example Example Example Example
Comp. Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 Ex. 18 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0
R1234yf mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative to 95.0 95.8 96.6 97.5 98.5 99.6 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 88.9 88.5 87.8 86.8 85.6 84.1 capacity
ratio 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C. 4.24 4.15 3.96 3.67 3.24
2.64 Discharge % (relative to 97.6 96.1 94.2 92.0 89.5 86.8
pressure 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.2 59.8 53.2 48.0 43.7 40.1
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit
Example 64 Example 65 19 20 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass %
40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to
95.9 96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
capacity ratio 410A) 85.8 85.4 84.7 83.6 82.4 Condensation glide
.degree. C. 5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 Discharge pressure % (relative
to 93.5 92.1 90.3 88.1 85.6 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 67.8 59.5 53.0 47.8
43.5
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 41.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 41.0 39.0 37.0 35.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 95.1 95.3 95.6 96.0 95.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.5
101.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.78 0.79
0.80 0.81 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 glide Discharge % (relative 110.5
109.9 109.3 108.1 109.7 109.1 108.5 107.9 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 43.2 42.4 41.7 40.3 43.9 43.1 42.4 41.6
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
HFO-1132(E) mass % 60.0 62.0 61.0 58.0 60.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 33.0 31.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 34.0 32.0 R1234yf mass % 7.0
7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.5 96.4 96.6 96.8 96.0 96.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.7 99.1 98.4 98.1 97.8 98.0 97.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.95 0.95 1.18
1.34 1.33 1.32 1.53 1.53 glide Discharge % (relative 107.3 106.7
104.9 104.4 103.8 103.2 104.7 104.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
40.9 40.3 40.5 41.5 40.8 40.1 43.6 42.9
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 HFO-1123
mass % 30.0 28.0 26.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 14.0
14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.4 96.6 96.9 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 97.5 97.2 96.9 97.3 97.1 96.8 96.6 96.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.51 1.50 1.48
1.72 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.67 glide Discharge % (relative 103.5 102.9
102.3 104.3 103.8 103.2 102.7 102.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.1 41.4 40.7 45.2 44.4 43.6 42.8 42.1
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
HFO-1132(E) mass % 58.0 60.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 16.0
16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.9 97.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.3 96.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 96.1 95.8 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 95.9 95.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.65 1.63 1.93
1.92 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 glide Discharge % (relative 101.5 100.9
104.5 103.9 103.4 102.9 102.3 101.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
41.4 40.7 47.8 46.9 46.0 45.1 44.3 43.5
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 18.0
18.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 95.1 95.3 95.7 95.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.4 95.2 94.9 94.6 96.3 96.1 95.7 95.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.86 1.83 1.80
1.77 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 glide Discharge % (relative 101.2 100.6
100.0 99.5 104.5 104.0 103.0 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.7 42.0 41.3 40.6 50.7 49.7 47.7 46.8
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.1 96.3 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 95.1 95.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.2 95.0 94.5 94.2 94.0 93.7 95.3 95.1
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.11 2.09 2.05
2.02 1.99 1.95 2.37 2.36 glide Discharge % (relative 101.9 101.4
100.3 99.7 99.2 98.6 103.4 103.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
45.9 45.0 43.4 42.7 41.9 41.2 51.7 50.6
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121
HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0
22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 94.7 94.5 94.3 94.0 93.8 93.6 93.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.36 2.35 2.33
2.32 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.21 glide Discharge % (relative 102.5 102.0
101.5 101.0 100.4 99.9 99.4 98.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
49.6 48.6 47.6 46.7 45.8 45.0 44.1 43.4
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0
22.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.9 95.2 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 93.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 94.3 94.1 93.9 93.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.18 2.14 2.09
2.04 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.58 glide Discharge % (relative 98.2 97.7 97.1
96.5 102.4 101.9 101.5 101.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 42.6
41.9 41.2 40.5 52.7 51.6 50.5 49.5
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0
24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 93.5 93.3 93.1 92.8 92.6 92.4 92.1 91.8
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.56 2.54 2.51
2.49 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.33 glide Discharge % (relative 100.5 100.0
99.5 98.9 98.4 97.9 97.3 96.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.5
47.5 46.6 45.7 44.9 44.1 43.3 42.5
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0
24.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 95.3 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.6 91.3 91.0 93.2 93.1 92.9 92.7 92.5
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.28 2.22 2.16
2.86 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 glide Discharge % (relative 96.2 95.6 95.1
101.3 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.8
41.1 40.4 53.7 52.6 51.5 50.4 49.4
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0
26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 92.3 92.1 91.9 91.6 91.4 91.2 90.9 90.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.77 2.74 2.71
2.67 2.63 2.59 2.53 2.48 glide Discharge % (relative 99.0 98.5 97.9
97.4 96.9 96.4 95.8 95.3 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.4 47.4
46.5 45.7 44.8 44.0 43.2 42.5
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 18.0 16.0 14.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0
26.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.9 98.2 98.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 90.3 90.1 89.8 92.1 91.9 91.7 91.5 91.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.42 2.35 2.27
3.10 3.09 3.06 3.04 3.01 glide Discharge % (relative 94.7 94.1 93.6
99.7 99.3 98.8 98.4 97.9 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0
40.3 53.6 52.5 51.4 50.3 49.3
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0
28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.7 90.4 90.2 89.9 89.7 89.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.98 2.94 2.90
2.85 2.80 2.75 2.68 2.62 glide Discharge % (relative 97.4 96.9 96.4
95.9 95.4 94.9 94.3 93.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.3 47.4
46.4 45.6 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.4
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 HFO-1123
mass % 16.0 14.0 12.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0
28.0 28.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6 96.1 96.2 96.4 96.6 97.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.1 88.8 88.5 90.7 90.5 90.3 90.1 89.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.54 2.46 2.38
3.32 3.30 3.26 3.22 3.14 glide Discharge % (relative 93.2 92.6 92.1
97.7 97.3 96.8 96.4 95.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0
40.3 52.4 51.3 50.2 49.2 47.3
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185
HFO-1132(E) mass % 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0
30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 98.3 98.5 98.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.4 89.2 89.0 88.7 88.4 88.2 87.9 87.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.08 3.03 2.97
2.90 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.57 glide Discharge % (relative 94.9 94.4 93.9
93.3 92.8 92.3 91.7 91.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.4 45.5
44.7 43.9 43.1 42.3 41.6 40.9
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0
32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.2 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.6 89.5 89.3 89.1 88.9 88.7 88.4 88.2
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.60 3.56 3.52
3.48 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.26 glide Discharge % (relative 96.6 96.2 95.7
95.3 94.8 94.3 93.9 93.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 53.4 52.3
51.2 50.1 49.1 48.1 47.2 46.3
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 HFO-1123
mass % 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0
32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 98.5 98.7 98.9 99.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 87.7 87.5 87.2 86.9 86.6 86.3 86.0
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.20 3.12 3.04
2.96 2.87 2.77 2.66 2.55 glide Discharge % (relative 92.8 92.3 91.8
91.3 90.7 90.2 89.6 89.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.4 44.6
43.8 43.0 42.3 41.5 40.8 40.2
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0
34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.5 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.4 88.2 88.0 87.8 87.6 87.4 87.2 87.0
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.84 3.80 3.75
3.70 3.64 3.58 3.51 3.43 glide Discharge % (relative 95.0 94.6 94.2
93.7 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 53.3 52.2
51.1 50.0 49.0 48.0 47.1 46.2
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 HFO-1123
mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0
34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 98.0 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.8 96.8 96.9 97.1 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 86.7 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.6 87.2 87.0 86.8
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.36 3.27 3.18
3.08 2.97 4.08 4.03 3.97 glide Discharge % (relative 91.3 90.8 90.3
89.7 89.2 93.4 93.0 92.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.3 44.5
43.7 42.9 42.2 53.2 52.1 51.0
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225
HFO-1132(E) mass % 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 30.0 32.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 36.0
36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 97.1 97.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 86.4 86.2 85.9 85.7 85.5 85.9 85.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.91 3.84 3.76
3.68 3.60 3.50 4.32 4.25 glide Discharge % (relative 92.1 91.7 91.2
90.7 90.3 89.8 91.9 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 49.9 48.9
47.9 47.0 46.1 45.3 53.1 52.0
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 Example Example Item Unit 226 227
HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass
% 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 97.4 97.6 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 85.6 85.3 capacity ratio 410A)
Condensation glide .degree. C. 4.18 4.11 Discharge pressure %
(relative to 91.0 90.6 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 50.9 49.8
[0482] These results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and
OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment CO); the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3, the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0483] The point on the line segment AA' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and
point A' by the least square method.
[0484] The point on the line segment A'B was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A', Example 3, and
point B by the least square method.
[0485] The point on the line segment DC' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and
point C' by the least square method.
[0486] The point on the line segment C'C was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C', Example 4, and
point C by the least square method.
[0487] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z)
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), point T (35.8, 44.9,
19.3), point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), and the
line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0488] The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E',
and F, by the least square method.
[0489] The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R,
and T, by the least square method.
[0490] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these
components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0,
100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or
below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40
g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0491] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %,
a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR
connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9)
or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
temperature glide of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0492] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass
%, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST
connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3)
or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.
[0493] In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing
flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc.
Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
[0494] Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants
whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were
determined to be classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0495] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 2 in the following manner. In FIG. 2, reference
numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed
camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating
lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring
filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or
more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping,
and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum
gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The
initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed
by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the
center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to
9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm)
equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as
the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital
video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0496] Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF
concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak
simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version
4.0.
[0497] Tables 35 and 36 show the results.
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 Item Unit G H I WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0
72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 9.6 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 18.4 28.0
Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 Item Unit J P L N N' K WCF HFO- mass % 47.1
55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 1132 (E) HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9
16.3 7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 Leak
condition Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
that results Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
in WCFF -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree.
C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 92% 90% 90% 66% 12% 0% release,
release, release, release, release, release, liquid liquid gas gas
gas gas phase phase phase phase phase phase side side side side
side side WCFF HFO-1132 mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0
[0498] The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed
refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains
HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their
sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability.
[0499] The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line
segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is the base,
when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN,
and NK connecting the following 6 points: point J (47.1, 52.9,
0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1,31.9,5.0) point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1) point N' (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and point K (61.3,
5.4, 33.3), the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability. In the diagram, the
line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), and
the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91).
[0500] The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L,
and N, by the least square method.
[0501] The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N',
and K, by the least square method.
(5-2) Refrigerant B
[0502] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is
[0503] a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the
refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to
47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
[0504] a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a
total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire
refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1
mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant..
[0505] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to
that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of
R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability
(Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0506] When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of
HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B
according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising
47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and
WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be "Class 2L," which
is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard,
and which is further easier to handle.
[0507] When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior
with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that
of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or
HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further
improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present
disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes
superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative
to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or
HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further
improved.
[0508] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more,
and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0509] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant B)
[0510] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the
refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.
[0511] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and
38.
[0512] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Superheating temperature: 5 K Subcooling temperature:
5 K Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0513] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base
Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage,
Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0514] Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity,
which were calculated based on these results. The COP and
refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
[0515] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
[0516] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured
according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF
having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be
"Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0517] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 37 Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2
Comparative Example Example Example Example Example Comparative
Item Unit R410A HFO-1132E Example 3 1 2 3 4 5 Example 4 HFO-1132E
mass % -- 100 80 72 70 68 65 62 60 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 0 20 28 30
32 35 48 40 (WCF) GWP -- 2088 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative
100 99.7 97.5 96.6 96.3 96.1 95.8 95.4 95.2 to R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 100 98.3 101.9 103.1 103.4 103.8 104.1 104.5 104.8
capacity ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 2.73 2.71 2.89 2.96 2.98
3.00 3.02 3.04 3.06 pressure Burning cm/sec Non- 20 13 10 9 9 8 8
or 8 or velocity flammable less less (WCF)
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 38 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example
Example Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 10 Item
Unit Example 5 Example 6 7 8 9 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9
HFO-1123 HFO-1132E mass % 50 48 47.1 46.1 45.1 43 40 25 0 (WCF)
HFO-1123 mass % 50 52 52.9 53.9 54.9 57 60 75 100 (WCF) GWP -- 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 94.1 93.9 93.8 93.7 93.6 93.4
93.1 91.9 90.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.9 106.1
106.2 106.3 106.4 106.6 106.9 107.9 108.0 capacity to R410A) ratio
Discharge Mpa 3.14 3.16 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.20 3.21 3.31 3.39 pressure
Leakage test Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ -- Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
Shipping Shipping Shipping -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C.
-40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92%
release, release, release, release, release, release, release,
release, liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
phase phase phase phase phase phase phase phase side side side side
side side side side HFO-1132E mass % 74 73 72 71 70 67 63 38 --
(WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 26 27 28 29 30 33 37 62 (WCFF) Burning
cm/sec 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less
8 or less 8 or less 5 velocity (WCF) Burning cm/sec 11 10.5 10.0
9.5 9.5 8.5 8 or less 8 or less velocity (WCFF) ASHRAE flammability
2 2 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L classification
[0518] The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass %
of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while
having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability.
Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to
that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass %
to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are
stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower
flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance
equivalent to that of R410A.
(5-3) Refrigerant C
[0519] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following
requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
has various properties that are desirable as an alternative
refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and
a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and
a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0520] Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:
[0521] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and
a,
[0522] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that
connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0,
0.0), point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6,
0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G,
point I, point A, point B, point D', and point C);
[0523] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895,
0.0), point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W);
[0524] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
[0525] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
and
[0526] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When
the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the
above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more
relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower
flammability.
[0527] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0528] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0529] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9,
0.0), point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7,
-0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9, -0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B
(0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D' (0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4,
-0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point J, point
B, point D', and point C);
[0530] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801)
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0531] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0532] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
[0533] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87,
0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,
and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating
capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower
flammability, and is classified as "Class 2L," which is a lower
flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0534] When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
further contains
[0535] R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the
refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0536] if 0<a.ltoreq.10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4
points:
point a (0.02a.sup.2-2.46a+93.4, 0, -0.02a.sup.2+2.46a+6.6), point
b' (-0.008a.sup.2-1.38a+56, 0.018a.sup.2-0.53a+26.3,
-0.01a.sup.2+1.91a+17.7), point c (-0.016a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.016a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0) or on
the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c);
[0537] if 10.0<a.ltoreq.16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0244a.sup.2-2.5695a+94.056, 0,
-0.0244a.sup.2+2.5695a+5.944), point b'
(0.1161a.sup.2-1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a.sup.2-0.3399a+24.8,
-0.1301a.sup.2+2.3358a+15.451), point c (-0.0161a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.0161a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c); or
[0538] if 16.5<a.ltoreq.21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0161a.sup.2-2.3535a+92.742, 0,
-0.0161a.sup.2+2.3535a+7.258), point b'
(-0.0435a.sup.2-0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a.sup.2+1.8991a-0.0661,
0.0739a.sup.2-1.8556a+49.6601), point c
(-0.0161a.sup.2+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a.sup.2-0.9959a+22.149, 0),
and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines oa, ab',
and b'c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in
the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a
COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point
b' is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line
formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to
that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A.
[0539] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above
properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and
still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0540] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or
more, based on the entire refrigerant.
[0541] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one
additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant C)
[0542] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the
refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.
[0543] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in
Tables 39 to 96.
[0544] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
[0545] For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the
refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were
obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following
conditions.
[0546] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0547] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C.
[0548] Superheating temperature: 5 K
[0549] Subcooling temperature: 5 K
[0550] Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0551] Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the
GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity
are ratios relative to R410A.
[0552] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 39 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Ex. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 1 Item Unit Ex.
1 A B C D' G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 68.6 0.0 32.9 0.0 72.0
2.0 47.1 61.7 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 58.7 67.1 75.4 28.0 0.0 52.9 5.9
R1234yf Mass % 31.4 41.3 0.0 24.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 32.4 R32 Mass % 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 GWP -- 2088 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 COP
ratio % (relative 100 100.0 95.5 92.5 93.1 96.6 99.9 93.8 99.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 85.0 85.0 107.4 95.0 103.1
86.6 106.2 85.5 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 40 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Ex. Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 2 Item Unit A B
C D' G I J K' HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 55.3 0.0 18.4 0.0 60.9 60.9 40.5
47.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 47.8 74.5 83.4 32.0 0.0 52.4 7.2 R1234yf
Mass % 37.6 45.1 0.0 9.5 0.0 32.0 0.0 38.7 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 49 49 49 50 49 50 COP ratio %
(relative 99.8 96.9 92.5 92.5 95.9 99.6 94.0 99.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 110.5 106.0 106.5 87.7 108.9
85.5 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 41 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. 16 17 18 19 20 21 3 Item Unit A B C = D' G
I J K' NEO-1132(E) Mass % 48.4 0.0 0.0 55.8 55.8 37.0 41.0 HFO-1123
Mass % 0.0 42.3 88.9 33.1 0.0 51.9 6.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.5 46.6 0.0
0.0 33.1 0.0 41.4 R32 Mass % 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 GWP
77 77 76 76 77 76 77 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 97.6 92.5 95.8 99.5
94.2 99.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 112.0 108.0
88.6 110.2 85.4 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 42 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Ex. 22 23 24 25 26 4 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 42.8 0.0 52.1 52.1 34.3 36.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 37.8 33.4
0.0 51.2 5.6 R1234yf Mass % 42.7 47.7 0.0 33.4 0.0 43.4 R32 Mass %
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.55 GWP 100 100 99 100 99 100 COP ratio
% (relative to 99.9 98.1 95.8 99.5 94.4 99.5 R410A) Refrigerating
capacity % (relative to 85.0 85.0 109.1 89.6 111.1 85.3 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 43 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Ex. 27 28 29 30 31 5 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 37.0 0.0 48.6 48.6 32.0 32.55 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 33.1 33.2
0.0 49.8 4.0 R1234yf Mass % 44.8 48.7 0.0 33.2 0.0 45.3 R32 Mass %
18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 GWP 125 125 124 125 124 125 COP ratio
% (relative to R410A) 100.0 98.6 95.9 99.4 94.7 99.8 Refrigerating
capacity % (relative to ratio R410A) 85.0 85.0 110.1 90.8 111.9
85.2
TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 44 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Ex. 32 33 34 35 36 6 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 31.5 0.0 45.4 45.4 30.3 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 28.5 32.7
0.0 47.8 2.4 R1234yf Mass % 46.6 49.6 0.0 32.7 0.0 46.9 R32 Mass %
21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP 150 150 149 150 149 150 COP ratio
% (relative to 100. R410A) 100.2 99.1 96.0 99.4 95.1 0
Refrigerating capacity % (relative to ratio R410A) 85.0 85.0 111.0
92.1 112.6 85.1
TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 45 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 37 38 39 40 41 42 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 0.0 41.8 41.8 29.1 24.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
22.9 31.5 0.0 44.2 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5 50.4 0.0 31.5 0.0 48.5
R32 Mass % 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 GWP -- 182 182 181 182 181
182 COP ratio % (relative to 100.4 99.8 96.3 99.4 95.6 100.4 R410A)
Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 85.0 85.0 111.9 93.8 113.2
85.0 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00046 TABLE 46 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 43 44 45 46 47 48 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.3 0.0 40.0 40.0 28.8 24.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
19.9 30.7 0.0 41.9 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.4 50.8 0.0 30.7 0.0 46.4
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 198 199 198
200 COP ratio % (relative to 100.6 100.1 96.6 99.5 96.1 100.4
R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 85.0 85.0 112.4 94.8
113.6 86.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00047 TABLE 47 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 49 50 51 52 53 54 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 12.1 0.0 35.7 35.7 29.3 22.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
11.7 27.6 0.0 34.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 51.2 51.6 0.0 27.6 0.0 40.8
R32 Mass % 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 GWP -- 250 250 248 249 248
250 COP ratio % (relative to 101.2 101.0 96.4 99.6 97.0 100.4
R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 85.0 85.0 113.2 97.6
113.9 90.9 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00048 TABLE 48 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 55 56 57 58 59 60 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 3.8 0.0 32.0 32.0 29.4 21.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
3.9 23.9 0.0 26.5 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 52.1 52.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 34.8
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 300 300 298 299 298
299 COP ratio % (relative to 101.8 101.8 97.9 99.8 97.8 100.5
R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 85.0 85.0 113.7 100.4
113.9 94.9 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00049 TABLE 49 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. 61 62 63 64 65 Item Unit A = B G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 0.0 30.4 30.4 28.9 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 21.8 0.0 23.3 0.0
R1234yf Mass % 52.2 0.0 21.8 0.0 31.8 R32 Mass % 47.8 47.8 47.8
47.8 47.8 GWP -- 325 323 324 323 324 COP ratio % (relative to 102.1
98.2 100.0 98.2 100.6 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to
85.0 113.8 101.8 113.9 96.8 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00050 TABLE 50 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 66 Ex.
7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 10 11 12 13 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 82.9 77.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 57.9
52.9 47.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass %
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP
ratio % (relative to 92.4 92.6 92.8 93.1 93.4 93.7 94.1 94.5 R410A)
Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 108.4 108.3 108.2 107.9 107.6
107.2 106.8 106.3 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00051 TABLE 51 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 14 15 16 17 67 18 19 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 72.9
67.9 62.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative to 95.0 95.4 95.9 96.4 96.9 93.0 93.3 93.6
R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 105.8 105.2 104.5
103.9 103.1 105.7 105.5 105.2 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00052 TABLE 52 Item Unit Ex. 21 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex.
25 Ex. 26 Ex. 27 Ex. 28 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9
22.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 93.9 94.2 94.6 95.0 95.5 96.0
96.4 96.9 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 104.9
104.5 104.1 103.6 103.0 102.4 101.7 101.0
TABLE-US-00053 TABLE 53 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 68 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 17.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9
42.9 37.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 97.4 93.5 93.8 94.1 94.4 94.8 95.2
95.6 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 100.3 102.9 102.7
102.5 102.1 101.7 101.2 100.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00054 TABLE 54 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 36 37 38 39 69 40 41 42 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 62.9
57.9 52.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 96.0 96.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 94.0 94.3
94.6 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 100.1 99.5 98.9
98.1 97.4 100.1 99.9 99.6 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00055 TABLE 55 Item Unit Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex.
47 Ex. 48 Ex. 49 Ex. 50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 95.0 95.3 95.7 96.2 96.6 97.1
97.6 98.1 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 99.2
98.8 98.3 97.8 97.2 96.6 95.9 95.2
TABLE-US-00056 TABLE 56 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 70 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9
32.9 27.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 50 50 50 50 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative to 98.6 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 95.9 96.3
96.8 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 94.4 97.1 96.9
96.7 96.3 95.9 95.4 94.8 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00057 TABLE 57 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 58 59 60 61 71 62 63 64 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass %
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP
ratio % (relative to 97.2 97.7 98.2 98.7 99.2 95.2 95.5 95.8 R410A)
Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 94.2 93.6 92.9 92.2 91.4 94.2
93.9 93.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00058 TABLE 58 Item Unit Ex. 65 Ex. 66 Ex. 67 Ex. 68 Ex.
69 Ex. 70 Ex. 71 Ex. 72 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass
% 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 96.2 96.6 97.0 97.4 97.9 98.3 98.8
99.3 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 93.3 92.9
92.4 91.8 91.2 90.5 89.8 89.1
TABLE-US-00059 TABLE 59 Item Unit Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex.
77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 Ex. 80 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.9 97.2 97.7
98.1 98.5 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 91.1
90.9 90.6 90.2 89.8 89.3 88.7 88.1
TABLE-US-00060 TABLE 60 Item Unit Ex. 81 Ex. 82 Ex. 83 Ex. 84 Ex.
85 Ex. 86 Ex. 87 Ex. 88 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 2.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9
17.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative 99.0 99.4 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.6 98.0 98.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.4 86.7 88.0 87.8 87.5 87.1 86.6
86.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00061 TABLE 61 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Comp. Item Unit Ex. 72 Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78
Ex. 79 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass
% 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio %
(relative 98.8 99.2 99.6 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.5 84.9 84.2 84.9 84.6 84.3 83.9 83.5
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00062 TABLE 62 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 80 Ex. 81
Ex. 82 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 99.1 99.5 99.9 Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A) 82.9 82.3 81.7 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00063 TABLE 63 Item Unit Ex. 89 Ex. 90 Ex. 91 Ex. 92 Ex.
93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 Ex. 96 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 70.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 14.5
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
COP ratio % (relative 93.7 93.9 94.1 94.4 94.7 95.0 95.4 95.8 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 110.2 110.0 109.7 109.3 108.9
108.4 107.9 107.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00064 TABLE 64 Item Unit Ex. 97 Comp. Ex. 83 Ex. 98 Ex. 99
Ex. 100 Ex. 101 Ex. 102 Ex. 103 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 30.5 25.5 65.5 60.5 55.5
50.5 45.5 40.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99
99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.6 94.2 94.4 94.6 94.9
95.2 95.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.6 106.0 107.5
107.3 107.0 106.6 106.1 105.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00065 TABLE 65 Item Unit Ex. 104 Ex. 105 Ex. 106 Comp. Ex.
84 Ex. 107 Ex. 108 Ex. 109 Ex. 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5
60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.3 96.7 97.1
94.6 94.8 95.1 95.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.1 104.5
103.8 103.1 104.7 104.5 104.1 103.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00066 TABLE 66 Item Unit Ex. 111 Ex. 112 Ex. 113 Ex. 114
Ex. 115 Comp. Ex. 85 Ex. 116 Ex. 117 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5
20.5 15.5 55.5 50.5 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.7 96.0 96.4 96.8
97.2 97.6 95.1 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.3 102.8
102.2 101.6 101.0 100.3 101.8 101.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00067 TABLE 67 Item Unit Ex. 118 Ex. 119 Ex. 120 Ex. 121
Ex. 122 Ex. 123 Ex. 124 Comp. Ex. 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 95.9 96.2 96.5
96.9 97.3 97.7 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.2 100.8
100.4 99.9 99.3 98.7 98.0 97.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00068 TABLE 68 Item Unit Ex. 125 Ex. 126 Ex. 127 Ex. 128
Ex. 129 Ex. 130 Ex. 131 Ex. 132 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.7
97.1 97.5 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 98.9 98.6 98.3
97.9 97.4 96.9 96.3 95.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00069 TABLE 69 Item Unit Ex. 133 Comp. Ex. 87 Ex. 134 Ex.
135 Ex. 136 Ex. 137 Ex. 138 Ex. 139 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 96.2
96.4 96.7 97.0 97.3 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.0
94.3 95.8 95.6 95.2 94.8 94.4 93.8 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00070 TABLE 70 Item Unit Ex. 140 Ex. 141 Ex. 142 Ex. 143
Ex. 144 Ex. 145 Ex. 146 Ex. 147 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 40.5 35.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.1 98.5 98.9
96.8 97.0 97.3 97.6 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.3
92.6 92.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 91.8 91.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00071 TABLE 71 Item Unit Ex. 148 Ex. 149 Ex. 150 Ex. 151
Ex. 152 Ex. 153 Ex. 154 Ex. 155 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 99.1
97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.8
90.2 89.6 89.6 89.4 89.0 88.6 88.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00072 TABLE 72 Item Unit Ex. 156 Ex. 157 Ex. 158 Ex. 159
Ex. 160 Comp. Ex. 88 Comp. Ex. 89 Comp. Ex. 90 HFO-1132(E) Mass %
35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0
45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5
14.5 GWP -- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative
98.9 99.3 98.1 98.4 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 87.6 87.1 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.5 85.0 84.5 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00073 TABLE 73 Item Unit Comp. Ex. 91 Comp. Ex. 92 Comp.
Ex. 93 Comp. Ex. 94 Comp. Ex. 95 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass %
50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.7 100.0
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 83.3 83.0 82.7 82.2 81.8
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00074 TABLE 74 Item Unit Ex. 161 Ex. 162 Ex. 163 Ex. 164
Ex. 165 Ex. 166 Ex. 167 Ex. 168 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 63.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1
38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32
Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 149 149 149
149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 94.8 95.0 95.2 95.4 95.7
95.9 96.2 96.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 111.5 111.2
110.9 110.5 110.0 109.5 108.9 108.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00075 TABLE 75 Item Unit Comp. Ex. 96 Ex. 169 Ex. 170 Ex.
171 Ex. 172 Ex. 173 Ex. 174 Ex. 175 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 58.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 96.9 95.3
95.4 95.6 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
107.7 108.7 108.5 108.1 107.7 107.2 106.7 106.1 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00076 TABLE 76 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 176 97 177 178 179 180 181 182 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative to 97.0 97.4
95.7 95.9 96.1 96.3 96.6 96.9 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 105.5 104.9 105.9 105.6 105.3 104.8 104.4 103.8 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00077 TABLE 77 Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 183 184 98 185 186 187 188 189 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative to 97.2 97.5
97.9 96.1 96.3 96.5 96.8 97.1 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 103.3 102.6 102.0 103.0 102.7 102.3 101.9 101.4 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00078 TABLE 78 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 190 191 192 99 193 194 195 196 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0
45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative to 97.4 97.7
98.0 98.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.3 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 100.9 100.3 99.7 99.1 100.0 99.7 99.4 98.9 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00079 TABLE 79 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 197 198 199 200 100 201 202 203 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
3.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative to 97.6 97.9
98.2 98.5 98.9 97.1 97.3 97.6 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 98.5 97.9 97.4 96.8 96.1 97.0 96.7 96.3 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00080 TABLE 80 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1
33.1 28.1 23.1 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative to 97.8 98.1 98.4
98.7 99.1 97.7 97.9 98.1 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 95.9 95.4 94.9 94.4 93.8 93.9 93.6 93.3 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00081 TABLE 81 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0
40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 28.1
23.1 18.1 13.1 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative to 98.4 98.7 99.0
99.3 98.3 98.5 98.7 99.0 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 92.9 92.4 91.9 91.3 90.8 90.5 90.2 89.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00082 TABLE 82 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 101 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 8.1 3.1 23.1 18.1
13.1 8.1 3.1 18.1 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0
50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative to 99.3 99.6 98.9
99.1 99.3 99.6 99.9 99.6 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 89.3 88.8 87.6 87.3 87.0 86.6 86.2 84.4 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00083 TABLE 83 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 102 Ex. 103
Ex. 104 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 13.1 8.1
3.1 R1234yf Mass % 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 99.8 100.0 100.2
Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 84.1 83.8 83.4 capacity
ratio
TABLE-US-00084 TABLE 83 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 105 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 55.7 50.7 45.7 40.7
35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 95.9 96.0 96.2
96.3 96.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 112.2 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 110.2 109.6 109.0 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00085 TABLE 85 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 106 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7
30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 96.3 96.4
96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 97.8 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 109.4 109.2 108.8 108.4 107.9 107.4 106.8 106.2 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00086 TABLE 86 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 107 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 96.7 96.8
97.0 97.2 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 106.6 106.3 106.0 105.5 105.1 104.5 104.0 103.4 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00087 TABLE 87 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 108 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7
20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 97.1 97.3
97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.7 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 103.7 103.4 103.0 102.6 102.2 101.6 101.1 100.5 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00088 TABLE 88 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7
10.7 5.7 30.7 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
30.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 97.6 97.7 97.9
98.1 98.4 98.6 98.9 98.1 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 100.7 100.4 100.1 99.7 99.2 98.7 98.2 97.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00089 TABLE 89 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 98.2
98.4 98.6 98.9 99.1 98.6 98.7 98.9 Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to ratio R410A) 97.4 97.1 96.7 96.2 95.7 94.7 94.4
94.0
TABLE-US-00090 TABLE 90 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.7 5.7 20.7 15.7 10.7
5.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0
45.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to 99.2 99.4 99.1
99.3 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.8 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 93.6 93.2 91.5 91.3 90.9 90.6 88.4 88.1 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00091 TABLE 91 Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 279 Ex. 280 Ex.
109 Ex. 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass %
5.7 10.7 5.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 R32 Mass % 29.3
29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to
100.0 100.3 100.4 100.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 87.8
85.2 85.0 82.0 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00092 TABLE 92 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 281 282 283 284 285 111 286 287 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.9 35.9 30.9 25.9
20.9 15.9 35.9 30.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 298
298 298 298 298 298 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 97.8 97.9 97.9
98.1 98.2 98.4 98.2 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 112.5 112.3 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 109.8 109.5 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00093 TABLE 93 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 288 289 290 112 291 292 293 294 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9
30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 98.3 98.5
98.6 98.8 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 109.2 108.8 108.4 108.0 107.0 106.7 106.4 106.0 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00094 TABLE 94 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 295 113 296 297 298 299 300 301 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.9 5.9 25.9 20.9
15.9 10.9 5.9 20.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 99.0 99.2
99.0 99.0 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 105.6 105.2 104.1 103.9 103.6 103.2 102.8 101.2 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00095 TABLE 95 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.9 10.9 5.9 15.9 10.9
5.9 10.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 299 299
299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 99.5 99.6 99.7
99.8 99.9 100.0 100.3 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 101.0 100.7 100.3 98.3 98.0 97.8 95.3 95.1 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00096 TABLE 96 Item Unit Ex. 400 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 GWP -- 299
COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.7 Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A) 92.3
[0553] The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity
ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:
[0554] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %, a straight line connecting
a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the
base, and the point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) is on the left side, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition
diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that
connects point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0,
-0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3);
[0555] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801);
[0556] if 18.2a<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the
ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a
straight line AB that connects point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695)
and point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682);
[0557] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714); and
[0558] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05).
[0559] Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85%
or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in
FIG. 4, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when
coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB,
the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or
more.
[0560] Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition
diagram, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or
on the left side of, a straight line D'C that connects point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6) and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0); or if 11.1<a.ltoreq.46.7, when coordinates are in the
entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or
more.
[0561] In FIG. 4, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved
line CD. In FIG. 4, an approximate line formed by connecting three
points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5,
70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of
R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line
that connects point C and point D' (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the
intersection of the approximate line and a point where the
concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line
segment D'C. In FIG. 5, point D'(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly
obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C
(18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where
the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C
and point D' was defined as the straight line D'C.
[0562] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database
REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage,
Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0563] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured
according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF
having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be
classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0564] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 2 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0565] The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.
TABLE-US-00097 TABLE 97 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex.
Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item 6 13 19 24 29 34 WC HFO-1132(E) Mass 72.0 60.9
55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 F % HFO-1123 Mass 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7
% R1234yf Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 % R32 Mass 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2
21.9 % Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 velocity (WCF)
TABLE-US-00098 TABLE 98 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 39
Ex. 45 Ex. 51 Ex. 57 Ex. 62 WCF HFO- Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32 30.4
1132(E) HFO-1123 Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf Mass % 0 0
0 0 0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity cm/s 10
10 10 10 10 (WCF)
TABLE-US-00099 TABLE 99 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex.
Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item 7 14 20 25 30 35 WC HFO-1132(E) Mass 72.0 60.9
55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 F % HFO-1123 Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 % R1234yf
Mass 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7 % R32 Mass 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5
18.2 21.9 % Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 velocity (WCF)
TABLE-US-00100 TABLE 100 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 40
Ex. 46 Ex. 52 Ex. 58 Ex. 63 WCF HFO- Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32 30.4
1132(E) HFO-1123 Mass % 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6
23.9 21.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning cm/s 10 10 10
10 10 velocity (WCF)
TABLE-US-00101 TABLE 101 Item Comp. Ex. 8 Comp. Ex. 15 Comp. Ex. 21
Comp. Ex. 26 Comp. Ex. 31 Comp. Ex. 36 WC HFO-1132 Mass % 47.1 40.5
37.0 34.3 32.0 30.3 F (E) HFO-1123 Mass % 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.2 49.8
47.8 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1
14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that results Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping Shipping
Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C.
-40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. 92% 92%
92% 92% 92% 92% release, release, release, release, release,
release, liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase liquid
phase liquid phase side side side side side side WC HFO-1132 Mass %
72.0 62.4 56.2 50.6 45.1 40.0 FF (E) HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 31.6 33.0
33.4 32.5 30.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass %
0.0 50.9 10.8 16.0 22.4 29.5 Burning velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00102 TABLE 102 Item Comp. Ex. 41 Comp. Ex. 47 Comp. Ex.
53 Comp. Ex. 59 Comp. Ex. 64 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass 29.1 28.8 29.3
29.4 28.9 % HFO-1123 Mass 44.2 41.9 34.0 26.5 23.3 % R1234yf Mass
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % R32 Mass 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 % Leak
condition that results in Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
-40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C.
-40.degree. C. 92% 92% 92% 90% 86% release, release, release,
release, release, liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase gas phase
side gas phase side side side side WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass 34.6 32.2
27.7 28.3 27.5 F % HFO-1123 Mass 26.5 23.9 17.5 18.2 16.7 % R1234yf
Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % R32 Mass 38.9 43.9 54.8 53.5 55.8 %
Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8.3 9.3 9.6 Burning
velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00103 TABLE 103 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item 9 16 22 27 32 37 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass 61.7
47.0 41.0 36.5 32.5 28.8 % HFO-1123 Mass 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.6 4.0 2.4 %
R1234yf Mass 32.4 38.7 41.4 43.4 45.3 46.9 % R32 Mass 0.0 7.1 11.1
14.5 18.2 21.9 % Leak condition that results in Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping
Shipping Shipping Shipping -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C.
-40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. 0% 0%
0% 92% 0% 0% release, release, release, release, release, release,
gas phase gas phase gas phase liquid phase gas phase gas phase side
side side side side side WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass 72.0 56.2 50.4 46.0
42.4 39.1 F % HFO-1123 Mass 10.5 12.6 11.4 10.1 7.4 4.4 % R1234yf
Mass 17.5 20.4 21.8 22.9 24.3 25.7 % R32 Mass 0.0 10.8 16.3 21.0
25.9 30.8 % Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10
10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00104 TABLE 104 Item Comp. Ex. 42 Comp. Ex. 48 Comp. Ex.
54 Comp. Ex. 60 Comp. Ex. 65 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass 24.8 24.3 22.5
21.1 20.4 % HFO-1123 Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % R1234yf Mass 48.5
46.4 40.8 34.8 31.8 % R32 Mass 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 % Leak
condition that results in Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
-40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C. -40.degree. C.
-40.degree. C. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% release, release, release, release,
release, gas phase side gas phase side gas phase side gas phase
side gas phase side WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass 35.3 34.3 31.3 29.1 28.1 F
% HFO-1123 Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % R1234yf Mass 27.4 26.2 23.1
19.8 18.2 % R32 Mass 37.3 39.6 45.6 51.1 53.7 % Burning velocity
(WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less
Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0566] The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following
cases:
[0567] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass
% and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a
point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or
below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and
point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0);
if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273);
if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014);
and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098,0.0) and point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098).
[0568] Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point
I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following
five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were
obtained.
TABLE-US-00105 TABLE 105 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8
55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4
33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.026a.sup.2 - 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a.sup.2 - 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a.sup.2 - 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123
-0.026a.sup.2 + 0..7478a + 28.0 -0.02a.sup.2 + 0..6013a + 28.895
-0.0135a.sup.2 + 0.4068a + 30.273 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 31.5 30.7 27.6
27.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0111a2 -
1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.9918a + 63.902 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 -0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 -0.0061a.sup.2 -
0.0082a + 36.098 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0 Approximate
expression
TABLE-US-00106 TABLE 106 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8
55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf
28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.026a.sup.2 - 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a.sup.2 - 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a.sup.2 - 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0
0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.026a.sup.2 + 0.7478a + 28.0
-0.02a.sup.2 + 0.6013a + 28.895 -0.0135a.sup.2 + 0.4068a + 30.273
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0
R1234yf 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.6 23.5 21.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a.sup.2 - 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.9918a + 63.902
Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf
-0.0111a.sup.2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 -0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.0082a + 36.098
Approximate expression
[0569] The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the
refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and
the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is
"2L (flammability)" in the following cases:
[0570] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % and a straight
line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in
the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK'
that connects point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point
K'(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates
are on a straight line JK' that connects point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0)
and point K'(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636, -0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line
JK' that connects point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493, -0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507,
0.0) and point K' (-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0,
0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0)
and point K'(-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).
[0571] Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved
line that connects point J and point K' (on the straight line AB)
in FIG. 4 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly,
when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK', WCFF lower
flammability is achieved.
[0572] Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point
K' (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following
five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were
obtained.
TABLE-US-00107 TABLE 107 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 47.1 40.5 37
37.0 34.3 32.0 32.0 30.3 29.1 HFO-1123 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.9 51.2
49.8 49.8 47.8 44.2 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0049a.sup.2 - 0.9645a + 47.1 0.0243a.sup.2 - 1.4161a + 49.725
0.0246a.sup.2 - 1.4476a + 50.184 Approximate expression HFO-1123
-0.0049a.sup.2 - 0.0355a + 52.9 -0.0243a.sup.2 + 0.4161a + 50.275
-0.0246a.sup.2 + 0.4476a + 49.816 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
47.8 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.3 29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 44.2 41.9 34.0
34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0183a.sup.2 - 1.1399a + 46.493 -0.0134a.sup.2 + 1.0956a + 7.13
Approximate expression HFO-1123 -0.0183a.sup.2 + 0.1399a + 53.507
0.0134a.sup.2 - 2.0956a + 92.87 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0
Approximate expression
TABLE-US-00108 TABLE 108 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 61.7 47.0 41.0
41.0 36.5 32.5 32.5 28.8 24.8 HFO-1123 5.9 7.2 6.5 6.5 5.6 4.0 4.0
2.4 0 R1234yf 32.4 38.7 41.4 41.4 43.4 45.3 45.3 46.9 48.5 R32 x x
x HFO-1132(E) 0.0514a.sup.2 - 2.4353a + 61.7 0.0341a.sup.2 -
2.1977a + 61.187 0.0196a.sup.2 - 1.7863a + 58.515 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 -0.0323a.sup.2 + 0.4122a + 5.9 -0.0236a.sup.2 +
0.34a + 5.636 -0.0079a.sup.2 - 0.1136a + 8.702 Approximate
expression R1234yf -0.0191a.sup.2 + 1.0231a + 32.4 -0.0105a.sup.2 +
0.8577a + 33.177 -0.0117a.sup.2 + 0.8999a + 32.783 Approximate
expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7 .gtoreq. R32
.gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 24.8
24.3 22.5 22.5 21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 48.5 46.4
40.8 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E) -0.0051a.sup.2 + 0.0929a +
25.95 -1.892a + 29.443 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0
Approximate expression R1234yf 0.0051a.sup.2 - 1.0929a + 74.05
0.892a + 70.557 Approximate expression
[0573] FIGS. 4 to 14 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %)
is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %,
21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %,
and 47.8 mass %, respectively.
[0574] Points A, B, C, and D' were obtained in the following manner
according to approximate calculation.
[0575] Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass
%, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of
R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were
obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and
their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).
TABLE-US-00109 TABLE 109 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 68.6 55.3 48.4
48.4 42.8 37 37 31.5 24.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 31.4
37.6 40.5 40.5 42.7 44.8 44.8 46.6 48.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0134a.sup.2 - 1.9681a + 68.6 0.0112a.sup.2 - 1.9337a + 68.484
0.0107a.sup.2 - 1.9142a + 68.305 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0
0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0134a.sup.2 + 0.9681a + 31.4
-0.0112a.sup.2 + 0.9337a + 31.516 -0.0107a.sup.2 + 0.9142a + 31.695
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 24.8 21.3 12.1 12.1 3.8 0 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf
48.5 49.4 51.2 51.2 52.1 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0103a.sup.2 -
1.9225a + 68.793 0.0085a.sup.2 - 1.8102a + 67.1 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf
-0.0103a.sup.2 + 0.9225a + 31..207 -0.0085a.sup.2 + 0.8102a + 32.9
Approximate expression
[0576] Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that
of R410A is achieved.
[0577] Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each
of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate
expressions were obtained (Table 110).
TABLE-US-00110 TABLE 110 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 HFO-1123 58.7 47.8 42.3 42.3 37.8 33.1 33.1 28.5 22.9 R1234yf
41.3 45.1 46.6 46.6 47.7 48.7 48.7 49.6 50.4 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0 0 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0144a.sup.2 - 1.6377a +
58.7 0.0075a.sup.2 - 1.5156a + 58.199 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a + 59.318
Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0144a.sup.2 + 0.6377a + 41.3
-0.0075a.sup.2 + 0.5156a + 41.801 -0.009a.sup.2 + 0.6045a + 40.682
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 HFO-1123 22.9 19.9 11.7 11.8 3.9 0 R1234yf
50.4 50.8 51.6 51.5 52.0 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0 0 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0.0046a.sup.2 - 1.41a + 57.286 0.0012a.sup.2 -
1.1659a + 52.95 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0046a.sup.2 +
0.41a + 42.714 -0.0012a.sup.2 + 0.1659a + 47.05 Approximate
expression
[0578] Point D' is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is
achieved.
[0579] Three points corresponding to point D' were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 111).
TABLE-US-00111 TABLE 111 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1
11.1 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 HFO-1123 75.4 83.4 88.9 R1234yf 24.6 9.5 0
R32 a HFO-1132(E) 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0224a2 +
0.968a + 75.4 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0224a2 - 1.968a +
24.6 Approximate expression
[0580] Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %,
and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
[0581] Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 112).
TABLE-US-00112 TABLE 112 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1
11.1 HFO-1132(E) 32.9 18.4 0 HFO-1123 67.1 74.5 88.9 R1234yf 0 0 0
R32 a HFO-1132(E) -0.2304a2 - 0.4062a + 32.9 Approximate expression
HFO-1123 0.2304a2 - 0.5938a + 67.1 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
Approximate expression
(5-4) Refrigerant D
[0582] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0583] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of
R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L)
according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0584] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0585] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that
connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);
[0586] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0);
[0587] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and
[0588] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0589] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0590] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that
connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM);
[0591] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4);
[0592] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02);
[0593] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4);
and
[0594] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0595] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0596] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect
the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments;
[0597] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
[0598] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and
[0599] the line segment UO is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0600] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0601] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that
connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments;
[0602] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235);
[0603] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
[0604] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
[0605] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and
[0606] the line segment TL is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0607] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0608] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments;
[0609] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0610] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and
[0611] the line segment TP is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0612] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0613] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that
connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3), point f
(47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line
segments;
[0614] the line segment ac is represented by coordinates
(0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904);
[0615] the line segment fd is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and
[0616] the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0617] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0618] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that
connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9), point e
(51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line
segments;
[0619] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904);
[0620] the line segment ed is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and
[0621] the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0622] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0623] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect
the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and point j
(77.5. 18.4, 4.1), or on these line segments;
[0624] the line segment gi is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604);
and
[0625] the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability.
[0626] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0627] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect
the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and point k
(77.5, 14.6, 7.9), or on these line segments;
[0628] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604);
and
[0629] the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability.
[0630] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.
[0631] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant D)
[0632] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the
refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.
[0633] The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was
performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK
Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping,
Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The
most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0634] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 2 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show
the results.
TABLE-US-00113 TABLE 113 Comparative Example Example Example
Example 13 Example 12 Example 14 Example 16 Item Unit I 11 J 13 K
15 L WCF HFO- Mass % 72 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32 28.9 1132 (E) R32
Mass % 0 10 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 28 32.8 33.2
31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 Burning Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
(WCF)
TABLE-US-00114 TABLE 114 Comparative Example Example Example 14
Example 19 Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 WCF HFO-1132
Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.6 (E) R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0
14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.8 Leak
condition that Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage,
Storage, results in WCFF Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping,
Shipping, Shipping, -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 0% release, 0% 0%
0% 0% 0% on the gas release, on release, on release, on release, on
release, on phase side the gas the gas the gas the gas the gas
phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side WCF HFO-1132
Mass % 72.0 57.8 48.7 43.6 40.6 34.9 (E) R32 Mass % 0.0 9.5 17.9
24.2 28.7 38.1 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.7 33.4 32.2 30.7 27.0 Burning
Velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8
or less (WCF) Burning Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00115 TABLE 115 Example Example 23 Example 25 Item Unit O
24 P WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 36.8
44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 Leak condition that
Storage, Storage, Storage, results in WCFF Shipping, Shipping,
Shipping, -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 0%
release, 0% release, 0% release, on the gas on the gas on the gas
phase side phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 31.4 29.2
27.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 51.1 56.4 R1234yf Mass % 23.0 19.7 16.5
Burning Velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning
Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0635] The results indicate that under the condition that the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 15 in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line
segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or
below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower
flammability.
[0636] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in
the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 15 are on the line
segments that connect point M, point M', point W, point J, point N,
and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an
ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0637] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on
the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of
performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio
relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to
144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as
described below.
[0638] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0639] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C.
[0640] Degree of superheating: 5 K
[0641] Degree of subcooling: 5 K
[0642] Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0643] Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00116 TABLE 116 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3
Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A'
B' A'' B'' HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 81.6 0.0 63.1 0.0 48.2 0.0 R32
Mass % 18.4 18.1 36.9 36.7 51.8 51.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 81.9 0.0
63.3 0.0 48.5 GWP -- 2088 125 125 250 250 350 350 COP Ratio
%(relative to 100 98.7 103.6 98.7 102.3 99.2 102.2 R410A)
Refrigerating %(relative to 100 105.3 62.5 109.9 77.5 112.1 87.3
Capacity Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00117 TABLE 117 Comparative Comparative Example 8
Comparative Example 10 Example 2 Example 4 Item Unit C Example 9 C'
Example 1 R Example 3 T HFO-1132(E) Mass % 85.5 66.1 52.1 37.8 25.5
16.6 8.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.6 R1234yf Mass
% 14.5 23.9 29.7 34.6 37.7 39.2 39.8 GWP -- 1 69 125 188 250 300
350 COP Ratio %(relative to 99.8 99.3 99.3 99.6 100.2 100.8 101.4
R410A) Refrigerating Capacity %(relative to 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5
92.5 92.5 92.5 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00118 TABLE 118 Comparative Comparative Example 11 Example
6 Example 8 Example 12 Example 10 Item Unit E Example 5 N Example 7
U G Example 9 V HFO-1132(E) Mass % 58.3 40.5 27.7 14.9 3.9 39.6
22.8 11.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.7 0.0 10.0 18.1 R1234yf
Mass % 41.7 49.5 54.1 57.5 59.4 60.4 67.2 70.9 GWP -- 2 70 125 189
250 3 70 125 COP Ratio %(relative to 100.3 100.3 100.7 101.2 101.9
101.4 101.8 102.3 R410A) Refrigerating Capacity %(relative to 80.0
80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00119 TABLE 119 Comparative Example Example Example
Example Example 13 Example 12 Example 14 Example 16 17 Item Unit I
11 J 13 K 15 L Q HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32.0
28.9 44.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 23.0 R1234yf
Mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 32.4 GWP -- 2 69 125 188
250 300 350 157 COP Ratio %(relative to 99.9 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.6
99.8 100.1 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 86.6 88.4 90.9
94.2 97.7 100.5 103.3 92.5 Capacity Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00120 TABLE 120 Comparative Example 14 Example 19 Example
21 Item Unit M Example 18 W Example 20 N Example 22 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.5 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5
18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.9 GWP -- 2 36
70 100 125 188 COP Ratio %(relative to 100.5 100.9 100.9 100.8
100.7 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating Capacity %(relative to 77.1 74.8
75.6 77.8 80.0 85.5 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00121 TABLE 121 Example Example Example 23 Example 25 26
Item Unit O 24 P S HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 21.9 R32 Mass
% 36.8 44.2 51.7 39.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 38.4 GWP -- 250
300 350 270 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.4 100.5 100.6 100.4 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 91.0 95.0 99.1 92.5 Capacity Ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00122 TABLE 122 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Example 18 27 28 Example 19
Example 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
80.0 R32 Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R1234yf Mass % 85.0
75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 GWP -- 37 37 37 36 36 36 35 35
COP Ratio %(relative to 103.4 102.6 101.6 100.8 100.2 99.8 99.6
99.4 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 56.4 63.3 69.5 75.2 80.5
85.4 90.1 94.4 Capacity Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00123 TABLE 123 Comparative Comparative Example
Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 21 Example 22 29 Example 23 30 Example 24 Example 25
Example 26 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
80.0 R32 Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R1234yf
Mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 71 71 70 70
70 69 69 69 COP Ratio %(relative to 103.1 102.1 101.1 100.4 99.8
99.5 99.2 99.1 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 61.8 68.3 74.3
79.7 84.9 89.7 94.2 98.4 Capacity Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00124 TABLE 124 Comparative Example Comparative Example
Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 31
Example 28 32 33 Example 29 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0
25.0 15.0 5.0 GWP -- 104 104 104 103 103 103 103 102 COP Ratio
%(relative to 102.7 101.6 100.7 100.0 99.5 99.2 99.0 98.9 R410A)
Refrigerating %(relative to 66.6 72.9 78.6 84.0 89.0 93.7 98.1
102.2 Capacity Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00125 TABLE 125 Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- Com- Com-
parative parative parative parative parative parative parative
parative Item Unit Example 32 Example 33 Example 34 Example 35
Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0
20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 R1234yf Mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0
10.0 65.0 GWP -- 138 138 137 137 137 136 136 171 COP Ratio
%(relative to 102.3 101.2 100.4 99.7 99.3 99.0 98.8 101.9 R410A)
Refrigerating %(relative to 71.0 77.1 82.7 88.0 92.9 97.5 101.7
75.0 Capacity Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00126 TABLE 126 Example Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparatie Comparative Comparative Example Item Unit 34
Example 40 Example 41 Example 42 Example 43 Example 44 Example 45
35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 20.0 R32
Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0
45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 50.0 GWP -- 171 171 171 170 170 170
205 205 COP Ratio %(relative to 100.9 100.1 99.6 99.2 98.9 98.7
101.6 100.7 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 81.0 86.6 91.7 96.5
101.0 105.2 78.9 84.8 Capacity Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00127 TABLE 127 Comparative Comparative Comparatie
Comparative Example Example Example Comparative Item Unit Example
46 Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 36 37 38 Example 50 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 GWP -- 204 204 204 204 239 238 238 238 COP
Ratio %(relative to 100.0 99.5 99.1 98.8 101.4 100.6 99.9 99.4
R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 90.2 95.3 100.0 104.4 82.5 88.3
93.7 98.6 Capacity Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00128 TABLE 128 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example
51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 Example 39 Example 55 Example
56 Example 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 R1234yf
Mass % 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 45.0 GWP -- 237 237 272
272 272 271 271 306 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.0 98.8 101.3 100.6
99.9 99.4 99.0 101.3 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 103.2
107.5 86.0 91.7 96.9 101.8 106.3 89.3 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00129 TABLE 129 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 40 Example 41 Example 58
Example 59 Example 60 Example 42 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 45.0 45.0
45.0 45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0
40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 305 305 305 304 339 339 339 338 COP
Ratio % (relative to 100.6 100.0 99.5 99.1 101.3 100.6 100.0 99.5
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 94.9 100.0 104.7 109.2 92.4
97.8 102.9 107.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00130 TABLE 130 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Item Unit Example 63 Example 64 Example 65 Example 66
Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Example 46 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0
20.0 30.0 40.0 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 R32 Mass % 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 38.0 35.0
32.0 GWP -- 373 372 372 372 22 22 22 22 COP Ratio % (relative to
101.4 100.7 100.1 99.6 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8 R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative to 95.3 100.6 105.6 110.2 81.7 83.2 84.6 86.0 Capacity
R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00131 TABLE 131 Item Unit Example 47 Example 48 Example 49
Example 50 Example 51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 49.0 52.0 55.0 58.0 61.0 43.0 46.0 49.0 R32 Mass % 6.0 6.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 42.0 39.0 36.0 33.0
48.0 45.0 42.0 GWP -- 43 43 43 43 42 63 63 63 COP Ratio % (relative
to 100.2 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.7 100.3 100.1 99.9 R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative to 80.9 82.4 83.9 85.4 86.8 80.4 82.0 83.5 Capacity
R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00132 TABLE 132 Item Unit Example 55 Example 56 Example 57
Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 52.0 55.0 58.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 9.0 9.0
9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 R1234yf Mass % 39.0 36.0 33.0 50.0
47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 GWP -- 63 63 63 83 83 83 83 83 COP Ratio %
(relative to 99.8 99.7 99.6 100.3 100.1 100.0 99.8 99.7 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 86.5 87.9 80.4 82.0 83.5 85.1
86.6 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00133 TABLE 133 Item Unit Example 63 Example 64 Example 65
Example 66 Example 67 Example 68 Example 69 Example 70 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 53.0 33.0 36.0 39.0 42.0 45.0 48.0 51.0 R32 Mass % 12.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 52.0 49.0 46.0
43.0 40.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 83 104 104 103 103 103 103 103 COP Ratio
% (relative to 99.6 100.5 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.7 99.6 99.5 R10A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 88.0 80.3 81.9 83.5 85.0 86.5 88.0
89.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00134 TABLE 134 Item Unit Example 71 Example 72 Example 73
Example 74 Example 75 Example 76 Example 77 Example 78 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 36.0 R32 Mass % 18.0 18.0
18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 53.0 50.0 47.0 44.0
41.0 38.0 35.0 61.0 GWP -- 124 124 124 124 124 123 123 23 COP Ratio
% (relative to 100.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 99.6 99.5 101.3 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 80.6 82.2 83.8 85.4 86.9 88.4 89.9
71.0 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00135 TABLE 135 Item Unit Example 79 Example 80 Example 81
Example 82 Example 83 Example 84 Example 85 Example 86 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 39.0 42.0 30.0 33.0 36.0 26.0 29.0 32.0 R32 Mass % 3.0 3.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 58.0 55.0 64.0 61.0 58.0
65.0 62.0 59.0 GWP -- 23 23 43 43 43 64 64 63 COP Ratio % (relative
to 101.1 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.0 101.6 101.3 101.1 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 72.7 74.4 70.5 72.2 73.9 71.0 72.8
74.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00136 TABLE 136 Item Unit Example 87 Example 88 Example 89
Example 90 Example 91 Example 92 Example 93 Example 94 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 12.0 12.0
12.0 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0
69.0 66.0 63.0 60.0 GWP -- 84 84 84 84 104 104 104 104 COP Ratio %
(relative to 101.8 101.5 101.2 101.0 102.1 101.8 101.4 101.2 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 70.8 72.6 74.3 76.0 70.4 72.3 74.0
75.8 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00137 TABLE 137 Example Example Example Item Unit Example
95 Example 96 Example 97 Example 98 Example 99 100 101 102
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 28.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 25.0 R32 Mass
% 15.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 21.0 R1234yf Mass % 57.0 70.0
67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 55.0 54.0 GWP -- 104 124 124 124 124 124 124
144 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.9 102.2 101.9 101.6 101.3 101.0
100.7 100.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 77.5 70.5 72.4 74.2
76.0 77.7 79.4 80.7 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00138 TABLE 138 Example Example Example Item Unit Example
103 104 105 106 Example 107 Example 108 Example 109 Example 110
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 17.0 20.0 23.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 R32 Mass
% 24.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 52.0
56.0 53.0 50.0 57.0 54.0 51.0 GWP -- 164 164 185 185 184 205 205
205 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.9 100.6 101.1 100.8 100.6 101.3
101.0 100.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 80.8 82.5 80.8 82.5
84.2 80.7 82.5 84.2 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00139 TABLE 139 Example Example Example Item Unit Example
111 Example 112 Example 113 Example 114 115 116 117 Example 118
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 8.0 12.0 R32 Mass %
30.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 36.0 36.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.0 58.0
55.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 56.0 52.0 GWP -- 205 225 225 225 225 225 245
245 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.5 101.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 100.5
101.6 101.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.9 80.5 82.3 84.1
85.8 87.5 82.0 84.4 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00140 TABLE 140 Example Example Example Item Unit Example
119 Example 120 Example 121 122 123 124 Example 125 Example 126
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 18.0 21.0 42.0 39.0 34.0 37.0 30.0 R32 Mass
% 36.0 36.0 36.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 31.0 34.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.0 46.0
43.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 32.0 36.0 GWP -- 245 245 245 170 191 211 211
231 COP Ratio % (relative to 101.0 100.7 100.5 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.6
99.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 86.2 87.9 89.6 92.7 93.4
93.0 94.5 93.0 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00141 TABLE 141 Example Example Example Example Example
Item Unit Example 127 Example 128 129 130 131 132 133 Example 134
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 33.0 36.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 23.0 26.0 R32 Mass
% 34.0 34.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 40.0 40.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 30.0
39.0 36.0 33.0 30.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 231 231 252 251 251 251 272
272 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.8 99.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 100.4
100.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 94.5 96.0 91.9 93.4 95.0
96.5 93.3 94.9 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00142 TABLE 142 Example Example Example Example Example
Item Unit Example 135 136 Example 137 138 139 140 141 Example 142
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 18.0 R32 Mass
% 40.0 40.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 46.0 R1234yf Mass % 31.0 28.0
38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 26.0 36.0 GWP -- 272 271 292 292 292 292 292
312 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.0 99.8 100.6 100.4 100.2 100.1
99.9 100.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 96.4 97.9 93.1 94.7
96.2 97.8 99.3 94.4 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00143 TABLE 143 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 143 ple 144 ple 145 ple 146 ple 147 ple 148 ple
149 ple 150 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 23.0 26.0 29.0 13.0 16.0 19.0
22.0 R32 Mass % 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 R1234yf
Mass % 33.0 31.0 28.0 25.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 GWP -- 312 312 312
312 332 332 332 332 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.5 100.4 100.2
100.0 101.1 100.9 100.7 100.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
96.0 97.0 98.6 100.1 93.5 95.1 96.7 98.3 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00144 TABLE 144 Item Unit Example 151 Example 152
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 28.0 R32 Mass % 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass %
26.0 23.0 GWP -- 332 332 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.3 100.1
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 99.8 101.3 Capacity Ratio
R410A)
[0644] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the
following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),
[0645] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0),
[0646] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7), and
[0647] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the
refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more
relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0648] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that connect
the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM),
[0649] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4),
[0650] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02),
[0651] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4),
and
[0652] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the
refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a
GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0653] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the
following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments,
[0654] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488),
[0655] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365),
and
[0656] the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0657] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the
following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments,
[0658] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235),
[0659] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
[0660] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512),
[0661] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324),
and
[0662] the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
a WCF lower flammability.
[0663] The results further indicate that under the condition that
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the
following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments,
[0664] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9),
[0665] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
and
[0666] the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
(5-5) Refrigerant E
[0667] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32).
[0668] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that
of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.
[0669] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0670] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GI);
[0671] the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0672] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0673] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0674] the line segments KB' and GI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93%
or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0675] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0676] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that
connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
[0677] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0678] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0679] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93%
or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0680] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0681] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GM);
[0682] the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0683] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0684] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0685] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or
less.
[0686] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0687] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that
connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
[0688] the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0689] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
[0690] the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0691] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0692] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T
(34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments;
[0693] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z),
[0694] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0695] the line segment PS is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or
less.
[0696] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0697] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and UQ that
connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D
(0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment B''D);
[0698] the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z),
[0699] the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and
[0700] the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or
less.
[0701] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0702] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'e', e'a', and
a'O that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d'
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), point e' (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments c'd', d'e', and e'a' (excluding
the points c' and a');
[0703] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
[0704] the line segment d'e' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0535z.sup.2+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z.sup.2+0.6771z+46.043, z),
and
[0705] the line segments Oc', e'a', and a'O are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0706] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0707] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea', and a'O
that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d
(76.3, 14.2, 9.5), point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments cd, de, and ea' (excluding the
points c and a');
[0708] the line segment cde is represented by coordinates
(-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z),
and
[0709] the line segments Oc, ea', and a'O are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0710] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0711] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'a, and aO that
connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d'
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line
segments c'd' and d'a (excluding the points c' and a);
[0712] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
and
[0713] the line segments Oc', d'a, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0714] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0715] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d
(76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line
segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a); [0716] the line
segment cd is represented by coordinates
(-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z),
and
[0717] the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0718] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0719] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant E)
[0720] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the
refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.
[0721] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145
and 146.
[0722] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0
under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and
recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most
flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0723] For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the
burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition
are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is
classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE
flammability classification.
[0724] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 2 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0725] Tables 145 and 146 show the results.
TABLE-US-00145 TABLE 145 Item Unit I J K L WCF HFO-1132(E) mass %
72.0 57.7 48.4 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 27.5 R32 mass %
0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00146 TABLE 146 Item Unit M N T P U Q WCF HFO- mass 47.1
38.5 34.8 31.8 28.7 28.6 1132(E) % HFO-1123 mass 52.9 52.1 51.0
49.8 41.2 34.4 % R32 mass 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 30.1 37.0 % Leak
condition that Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage,
Storage, results in WCFF Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping,
Shipping, Shipping, -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 92%, 92%, 92%, 92%,
92%, 92%, release, release, release, release, release, release, on
the liquid on the liquid on the liquid on the liquid on the liquid
on the liquid phase side phase side phase side phase side phase
side phase side WCFF HFO- mass 72.0 58.9 51.5 44.6 31.4 27.1
1132(E) % HFO-1123 mass 28.0 32.4 33.1 32.6 23.2 18.3 % R32 mass
0.0 8.7 15.4 22.8 45.4 54.6 % Burning velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0726] The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the
following 3 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and point L
(35.5, 27.5, 37.0); the line segment IK is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.00, z), and the line segment KL is
represented by coordinates (0.0098z.sup.2-1.238z+67.852,
-0.0098z.sup.2+0.238z+32.148, z), it can be determined that the
refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.
[0727] For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points,
i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2,
18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
y=100-z-x=-0.00922z.sup.2+0.2114z+32.443, z).
[0728] Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an
approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4,
33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5,
37.0) by using the least-square method to determine
coordinates.
[0729] The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the
following 3 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and point Q
(28.6, 34.4, 37.0), it can be determined that the refrigerant has
ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0730] In the above, the line segment MP is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867,
z).
[0731] For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve
was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using
the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on
the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three
points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method
to determine coordinates.
[0732] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
[0733] The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be
referred to as "cooling capacity" or "capacity") ratio relative to
those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The
conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5K Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0734] Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00147 TABLE 147 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example
Example Example Example Example Example 2 3 4 5 6 7 Item Unit 1 A B
A' B' A'' B'' HFO- mass % R410A 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 0.0 1132(E)
HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 R32 mass % 9.5 9.5 18.4
18.4 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 2088 65 65 125 125 250 250 COP ratio % 100
99.1 92.0 98.7 93.4 98.7 96.1 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating %
100 102.2 111.6 105.3 113.7 110.0 115.4 capacity (relative ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00148 TABLE 148 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Example Example Comparative Example Example 8 9 Example 1 Example
11 Item Unit O C 10 U 2 D HFO-1132(E) mass % 100.0 50.0 41.1 28.7
15.2 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 31.6 34.6 41.2 52.7 67.0 R32 mass %
0.0 18.4 24.3 30.1 32.1 33.0 GWP -- 1 125 165 204 217 228 COP ratio
% (relative 99.7 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 98.3 109.9 111.7 113.5 114.8 115.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00149 TABLE 149 Comparative Comparative Example
Comparative Example Example Example 12 Example 3 4 14 Item Unit E
13 T S F HFO-1132(E) mass % 53.4 43.4 34.8 25.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass %
46.6 47.1 51.0 56.2 74.1 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 25.9 GWP -- 1
65 97 125 176 COP ratio % (relative to 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 105.6 109.2 110.8 112.3 114.8
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00150 TABLE 150 Comparative Comparative Example Example
Example 15 Example 6 Example 16 Item Unit G 5 R 7 H HFO-1132(E)
mass % 38.5 31.5 23.1 16.9 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 61.5 63.5 67.4 71.1
84.2 R32 mass % 0.0 5.0 9.5 12.0 15.8 GWP -- 1 35 65 82 107 COP
ratio % (relative to 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative to 107.0 109.1 110.9 111.9 113.2 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00151 TABLE 151 Comparative Comparative Example Example
Example Comparative Example 17 8 9 Example 19 Item Unit I J K 18 L
HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 41.1 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0
32.8 33.2 31.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 27.7 37.0 GWP -- 1 65
125 188 250 COP ratio % (relative to 96.6 95.8 95.9 96.4 97.1
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 103.1 107.4 110.1 112.1 113.2
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00152 TABLE 152 Compar- ative Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- ample ample
ample ample 20 10 11 12 Item Unit M N P Q HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1
38.5 31.8 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 49.8 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0
9.5 18.4 37.0 GWP -- 1 65 125 250 COP ratio % (relative to 93.9
94.1 94.7 96.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 106.2 109.7
112.0 114.1 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00153 TABLE 153 Comparative Comparative Comparative Exam-
Exam- Exam- Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 22 Example 23
Example 24 ple 14 ple 15 ple 16 Example 25 Example 26 HFO- mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass %
85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 COP ratio %
(relative to 91.7 92.2 92.9 93.7 94.6 95.6 96.7 97.7 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 110.1 109.8 109.2 108.4 107.4 106.1
104.7 103.1 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00154 TABLE 154 Comparative Comparative Comparative Exam-
Exam- Exam- Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 Example 28
Example 29 ple 17 ple 18 ple 19 Example 30 Example 31 HFO- mass %
90.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 5.0
80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 R32 mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 35 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 COP ratio %
(relative to 98.8 92.4 92.9 93.5 94.3 95.1 96.1 97.0 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 101.4 111.7 111.3 110.6 109.6 108.5
107.2 105.7 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00155 TABLE 155 Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 32 ple 20 ple 21 ple 22
ple 23 ple 24 Example 33 Example 34 HFO- mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 10.0 75.0 65.0 55.0
45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 GWP -- 68 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 COP ratio % (relative to
98.0 93.1 93.6 94.2 94.9 95.6 96.5 97.4 R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative to 104.1 112.9 112.4 111.6 110.6 109.4 108.1 106.6
capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00156 TABLE 156 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 35 Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 Example
40 Example 41 Example 42 HFO- mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
60.0 70.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 5.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0
10.0 R32 mass % 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP -- 102
136 136 136 136 136 136 136 COP ratio % (relative to 98.3 93.9 94.3
94.8 95.4 96.2 97.0 97.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 105.0
113.8 113.2 112.4 111.4 110.2 108.8 107.3 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00157 TABLE 157 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Example 46 Example 47 Example
48 Example 49 Example 50 HFO- mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
70.0 10.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0
60.0 R32 mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 GWP -- 170
170 170 170 170 170 170 203 COP ratio % (relative to 94.6 94.9 95.4
96.0 96.7 97.4 98.2 95.3 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 114.1
113.8 113.0 111.9 110.7 109.4 107.9 114.8 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00158 TABLE 158 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Exam- Exam- Comparative Item Unit Example
51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 Example 55 ple 25 ple 26
Example 56 HFO- mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 R32
mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 203 203 203
203 203 237 237 237 COP ratio % (relative to 95.6 96.0 96.6 97.2
97.9 96.0 96.3 96.6 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 114.2 113.4
112.4 111.2 109.8 115.1 114.5 113.6 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00159 TABLE 159 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 57 Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 Example 61 Example
62 Example 63 Example 64 HFO- mass % 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 25.0 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0
10.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP -- 237
237 237 271 271 271 271 271 COP ratio % (relative to 97.1 97.9 98.3
96.6 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 112.6
111.5 110.2 115.1 114.6 113.8 112.8 111.7 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00160 TABLE 160 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 27 ple 28 ple 29 ple 30 ple 31 ple 32 ple 33
ple 34 HFO- mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 1132(E)
HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 58.0 56.0 54.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 R32 mass %
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 GWP -- 14 14 14 14 28 28 28 28 COP
ratio % (relative to 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.7 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 107.7 107.5 107.3 107.2 108.6 108.4
108.2 108.0 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00161 TABLE 161 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 35 ple 36 ple 37 ple 38 ple 39 ple 40 ple 41
ple 42 HFO- mass % 43.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 27.0 1132(E)
HFO-1123 mass % 53.0 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 65.0 R32 mass %
4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 GWP -- 28 41 41 41 41 41 41 55 COP
ratio % (relative to 93.9 93.1 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.9 93.0 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 107.8 109.5 109.3 109.1 109.0 108.8
108.6 110.3 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00162 TABLE 162 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 43 ple 44 ple 45 ple 46 ple 47 ple 48 ple 49
ple 50 HFO- mass % 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 32.0 32.0 1132(E)
HFO-1123 mass % 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 51.0 50.0 R32 mass %
8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 17.0 18.0 GWP -- 55 55 55 55 55 55 116 122
COP ratio % (relative to 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.6 93.8 94.0 94.5 94.7
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 110.1 110.0 109.8 109.6 109.5
109.3 111.8 111.9 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00163 TABLE 163 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 51 ple 52 ple 53 ple 54 ple 55 ple 56 ple 57
ple 58 HFO- mass % 30.0 27.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 13.0 1132(E)
HFO-1123 mass % 52.0 42.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 54.0 52.0 R32 mass %
18.0 31.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 122 210 223 223 223
223 237 237 COP ratio % (relative to 94.5 96.0 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3
96.0 96.0 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 112.1 113.7 114.3
114.2 114.0 113.8 115.0 114.9 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00164 TABLE 164 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 59 ple 60 ple 61 ple 62 ple 63 ple 64 ple 65
ple 66 HFO- mass % 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 1132(E)
HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 52.0 R32 mass %
35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 237 237 237 237 237
237 237 250 COP ratio % (relative to 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.4
96.5 96.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 114.8 114.7 114.5
114.4 114.2 114.1 113.9 115.1 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00165 TABLE 165 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 67 ple 68 ple 69 ple 70 ple 71 ple 72 ple 73
ple 74 HFO- mass % 13.0 15.0 17.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 1132(E)
HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 R32 mass %
37.0 37.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 250 250 250 237 237 237
237 237 COP ratio % (relative to 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3
96.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 115.0 114.9 114.7 114.8
114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2 capacity R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00166 TABLE 166 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 75 ple 76 ple 77 ple 78 ple 79 ple 80 ple 81
ple 82 HFO- mass % 25.0 27.0 11.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 1132(E)
HFO-1123 mass % 40.0 38.0 52.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R32 mass %
0.0 0.0 0.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 250 250 250 250
250 250 COP ratio % (relative to 96.4 96.5 96.2 96.5 96.5 96.6 96.7
96.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 114.1 113.9 115.1 114.6
114.5 114.3 114.1 114.0 capacity R410A) ratio
[0735] The above results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and
the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the
following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A'' (63.0, 0.0, 37.0), point B''
(0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.
[0736] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.
[0737] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), point B (0.0,
90.5, 9.5), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.
[0738] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4), point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and point D
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0739] In the above, the line segment CU is represented by
coordinates (-0.0538z.sup.2+0.7888z+53.701,
0.0538z.sup.2-1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is
represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z).
[0740] The points on the line segment CU are determined from three
points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by
using the least-square method.
[0741] The points on the line segment UD are determined from three
points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the
least-square method.
[0742] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0), point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and point F
(0.0, 76.7, 23.3), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0743] In the above, the line segment ET is represented by
coordinates (-0.0547z.sup.2-0.5327z+53.4,
0.0547z.sup.2-0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is
represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z).
[0744] The points on the line segment ET are determined from three
points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the
least-square method.
[0745] The points on the line segment TF are determined from three
points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square
method.
[0746] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3), point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and point H
(0.0, 85.9, 14.1), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0747] In the above, the line segment GR is represented by
coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is
represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z).
[0748] The points on the line segment GR are determined from three
points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the
least-square method.
[0749] The points on the line segment RH are determined from three
points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the
least-square method.
[0750] In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples
8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the
concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double
bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to
deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the
refrigerant compound.
[0751] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been
described, but it should be understood that configurations and
details can be modified in various ways without departing from the
spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined in the
claims.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
[0752] 1 air conditioner (refrigeration cycle apparatus) [0753] 4
compressor [0754] 5 outdoor heat exchanger (condenser, evaporator)
[0755] 6 expansion valve (decompressing unit) [0756] 7 indoor heat
exchanger (evaporator, condenser) [0757] 10 refrigerant circuit
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0757] [0758] [PTL 1] International Publication No. 2015/141678
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