U.S. patent application number 16/955669 was filed with the patent office on 2020-12-10 for composition comprising refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine.
This patent application is currently assigned to DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. Invention is credited to Mitsushi ITANO, Daisuke KARUBE, Shun OHKUBO, Kazuhiro TAKAHASHI, Yuuki YOTSUMOTO.
Application Number | 20200385622 16/955669 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005076123 |
Filed Date | 2020-12-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200385622 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ITANO; Mitsushi ; et
al. |
December 10, 2020 |
COMPOSITION COMPRISING REFRIGERANT, USE THEREOF, REFRIGERATING
MACHINE HAVING SAME, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SAID REFRIGERATING
MACHINE
Abstract
An object of the present invention is to provide a mixed
refrigerant having three types of performance; i.e., a
refrigerating capacity (also referred to as cooling capacity) and a
coefficient of performance (COP) that are equivalent to those of
R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP. Provided as a means for
achieving the object is a composition comprising a refrigerant, the
refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf).
Inventors: |
ITANO; Mitsushi; (Osaka,
JP) ; KARUBE; Daisuke; (Osaka, JP) ;
YOTSUMOTO; Yuuki; (Osaka, JP) ; TAKAHASHI;
Kazuhiro; (Osaka, JP) ; OHKUBO; Shun; (Osaka,
JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. |
Osaka |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Osaka
JP
|
Family ID: |
1000005076123 |
Appl. No.: |
16/955669 |
Filed: |
October 5, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
October 5, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2018/037483 |
371 Date: |
June 18, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25B 13/00 20130101;
C09K 2205/22 20130101; C09K 2205/40 20130101; C09K 2205/126
20130101; C09K 5/045 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C09K 5/04 20060101
C09K005/04; F25B 13/00 20060101 F25B013/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242185 |
Claims
1. A composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant
comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf).
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC',
C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points: point A (68.6,
0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO,
and OA); the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B, BD,
DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8 points: point G
(72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A (68.6, 0.0,
31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG); the line segment AA'
is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A'B is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment DC' is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line segment C'C is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and the line segments GI, IA, BD,
and CG are straight lines.
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B,
BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points: point J
(47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N (68.6, 16.3,
15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the
above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD
and CJ); the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91), the
line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B,
BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points: point J
(47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9,
5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point
B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(19.5,
70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line
segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ); the
line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43) the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.008.sup.2x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the
line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF,
FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points: point P (55.8,
42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F
(0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF); the
line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line
segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP
that connect the following 4 points: point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R
(49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments; the line segment
PL is represented by coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the line segment RP is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525,
-0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and the line segments LQ and QR
are straight lines.
8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT,
and TS that connect the following 6 points: point S (62.6, 28.3,
9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point
B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8,
44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments, the line segment MA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A'B is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment FT is represented by
coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line segment TS is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888,
0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and the line segments SM and BF are
straight lines.
9. The composition according to claim 1, for use as a working fluid
for a refrigerating machine, wherein the composition further
comprises a refrigeration oil.
10. The composition according to claim 1, for use as an alternative
refrigerant for R410A.
11. Use of the composition according to claim 1 as an alternative
refrigerant for R410A.
12. A refrigerating machine comprising the composition according to
claim 1 as a working fluid.
13. A method for operating a refrigerating machine, comprising the
step of circulating the composition according to claim 1 as a
working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a composition comprising a
refrigerant, use of the composition, a refrigerating machine having
the composition, and a method for operating the refrigerating
machine.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] R410A is currently used as an air conditioning refrigerant
for home air conditioners etc. R410A is a two-component mixed
refrigerant of difluoromethane (CH.sub.2F.sub.2: HFC-32 or R32) and
pentafluoroethane (C.sub.2HF.sub.5: HFC-125 or R125), and is a
pseudo-azeotropic composition.
[0003] However, the global warming potential (GWP) of R410A is
2088. Due to growing concerns about global warming, R32, which has
a GWP of 675, has been increasingly used.
[0004] For this reason, various low-GWP mixed refrigerants that can
replace R410A have been proposed (PTL 1).
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0005] PTL 1: W2015/141678
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0006] The present inventors performed independent examination, and
conceived of the idea that no prior art had developed refrigerant
compositions having three types of performance, i.e., a
refrigerating capacity (also referred to as "cooling capacity" or
"capacity") and a coefficient of performance (COP) that are
equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP. An object
of the present disclosure is to solve this unique problem.
Solution to Problem
Item 1
[0007] A composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant
comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf).
Item 2
[0008] The composition according to Item 1, wherein
[0009] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and QA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(32.9, 67.1,
0.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point 0 (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segments BD, CO, and QA); the line segment AA' is represented by
coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
0.0016x.sup.2=-0.0527x+42.503),
[0010] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x=-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x=-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.727, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
Item 3
[0011] The composition according to Item 1, wherein
[0012] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI,
IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8
points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
[0013] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0014] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0015] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0016] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.727, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0017] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
Item 4
[0018] The composition according to Item 1, wherein
[0019] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP,
PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9
points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.2, 15.2), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ);
[0020] the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0021] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x+-831.91),
[0022] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0023] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0024] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0025] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.727, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0026] the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
Item 5
[0027] The composition according to Item 1,
wherein
[0028] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP,
PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9
points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C' (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the
above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD
and CJ);
[0029] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43)
[0030] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0031x=-1.36x+68.6, -0.0031x.sup.2+0.36x+31.4),
[0031] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0034x=-1.3714x+68.644, -0.0034x.sup.2+0.3714x+31.356),
[0032] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.3546x.sup.2-9.4655x+129.693, -0.3546x.sup.2+8.4655x-29.693),
[0033] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.016x.sup.2+0.182x+67.1, -0.016x.sup.2-1.182x+32.9), and
[0034] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
Item 6
[0035] The composition according to Item 1,
wherein
[0036] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7
points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF);
[0037] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0038] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0031x.sup.2-1.36x+68.6, -0.0031x.sup.2+0.36x+31.4),
[0039] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0034x.sup.2-1.3714x+68.644, -0.0034x.sup.2+0.3714x+31.356),
[0040] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0041] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x=-0.7607x+63.525, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and the
line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
Item 7
[0042] The composition according to Item 1,
wherein
[0043] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point Q
(62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above
line segments;
[0044] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0045] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.0067x=-0.2393x+36.475), and
[0046] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
Item 8
[0047] The composition according to Item 1,
wherein
[0048] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM,
MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A'
(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 80.4,
19.6), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line
segments,
[0049] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0031x.sup.2-1.36x+68.6, -0.0031x.sup.2+0.36x+31.4),
[0050] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0034x.sup.2-1.3714x+68.644, -0.0034x.sup.2+0.3714x+31.356),
[0051] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0048x.sup.2-1.8675x+63.052, -0.0048x.sup.2+0.8675x+36.948),
[0052] the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112),
and
[0053] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
Item 9
[0054] A composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant
comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further
comprising HFO-1123,
wherein
[0055] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od,
dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point 0 (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, dg, and gh (excluding the points 0 and h);
[0056] the line segment dg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0057] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0058] the line segments HO and OD are straight lines.
Item 10
[0059] The composition according to Item 1, wherein
[0060] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg,
gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
point 1 (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line
segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
[0061] the line segment lg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0062] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z=+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0063] the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
Item 11
[0064] The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 10, for
use as a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, wherein the
composition further comprises a refrigeration oil.
Item 12
[0065] The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 11, for
use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.
Item 13
[0066] Use of the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 11
as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.
Item 14
[0067] A refrigerating machine comprising the composition according
to any one of Items 1 to 11 as a working fluid.
Item 15
[0068] A method for operating a refrigerating machine, comprising
the step of circulating the composition according to any one of
Items 1 to 11 as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0069] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
three types of performance, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a
coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A,
and a sufficiently low GWP.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
[0070] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus used in a
flammability test.
[0071] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments
that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0072] The present inventors conducted intensive study to solve the
above problem, and consequently found that a mixed refrigerant
comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf) has the above properties.
[0073] The present disclosure has been completed as a result of
further research based on this finding. The present disclosure
includes the following embodiments.
Definition of Terms
[0074] In the present specification, the term "refrigerant"
includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817
(International Organization for Standardization), and that are
given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of
refrigerant with "R" at the beginning; and further includes
refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such
refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given.
Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and
non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure cf the
compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons
(HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene
(R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744),
ammonia (R717), and the like.
[0075] In the present specification, the phrase "composition
comprising a refrigerant" at least includes (1) a refrigerant
itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition
that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with
at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a
refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating
machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present
specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is
referred to as a "refrigerant composition" so as to distinguish it
from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants).
Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is
referred to as a "refrigeration oil-containing working fluid" so as
to distinguish it from the "refrigerant composition."
[0076] In the present specification, when the term "alternative" is
used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with
the second refrigerant, the first type of "alternative" means that
equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be
operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions,
optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the
following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve,
dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words,
this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated
with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of
"alternative" include "drop-in alternative," "nearly drop-in
alternative," and "retrofit," in the order in which the extent of
changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first
refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
[0077] The term "alternative" also includes a second type of
"alternative," which means that equipment designed for operation
using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the
existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second
refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is
achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
[0078] In the present specification, the term "refrigerating
machine" refers to machines in general that draw heat from an
object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature
of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words,
refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain
energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy
conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is
lower to where the temperature is higher.
[0079] In the present specification, a refrigerant having a "WCF
lower flammability" means that the most flammable composition
(worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning
velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a
refrigerant having "ASHRAE lower flammability" means that the
burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable
fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability:
WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during
storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF,
has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability
classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is
determined to classified as be "Class 2L."
[0080] In the present specification, a refrigerant having an "RCL
of x % or more" means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant
concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a
concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors.
RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity,
suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are
present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard.
More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute
toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL),
and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively
calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of
the ASHRAE Standard.
[0081] In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an
absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature
and the end temperature in the phase change process of a
composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in
the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.
1. Refrigerant
1.1 Refrigerant Component
[0082] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0083] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of
performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a
sufficiently low GWP.
[0084] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally
further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following
requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties
desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a
refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are
equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0085] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (32.9, 67.1,
0.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point 0 (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
CO);
[0086] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0087] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3,
[0088] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0089] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.727, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0090] the line segments BD, CO, and CA are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A.
[0091] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line
segments GI, IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the
following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line segment CG);
[0092] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0093] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0094] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0095] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.727, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0096] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has
a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF
composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0097] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.2, 15.2), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment
CJ);
[0098] the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0099] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x+-831.91),
[0100] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0101] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x=+0.0268x+41.3),
[0102] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0103] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.727, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0104] the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a
burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0105] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C' (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
[0106] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0107] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0031x=-1.36x+68.6, -0.0031x.sup.2+0.36x+31.4),
[0108] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0034x=-1.3714x+68.644, -0.0034x.sup.2+0.3714x+31.356),
[0109] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.3546x.sup.2-9.4655x+129.693, -0.3546x.sup.2+8.4655x-29.693),
[0110] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.016x.sup.2+0.182x+67.1, -0.016x.sup.2-1.182x+32.9), and
[0111] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has
an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0112] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the
following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF);
[0113] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0114] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0031x=-1.36x+68.6, -0.0031x.sup.2+0.36x+31.4),
[0115] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0034x=-1.3714x+68.644, -0.0034x.sup.2+0.3714x+31.356),
[0116] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0117] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0118] the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an
RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0119] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HF-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect
the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point Q
(62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above
line segments;
[0120] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0121] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0122] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more
relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more;
furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide
of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0123] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS
that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point
A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0,
80.4, 19.6), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line
segments,
[0124] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0031x.sup.2-1.36x+68.6, -0.0031x.sup.2+0.36x+31.4),
[0125] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0034x.sup.2-1.3714x+68.644, -0.0034x.sup.2+0.3714x+31.356),
[0126] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0048x.sup.2-1.8675x+63.052, -0.0048x.sup.2+0.8675x+36.948),
[0127] the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0017x=-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and
[0128] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more;
furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or
more relative to that of R410A.
[0129] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect
the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);
[0130] the line segment dg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0131] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0132] the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0133] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0134] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and
il that connect the following 4 points:
point 1 (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line
segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and
[0135] the line segment lg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y, -0.0047y=+0.5177y+12.402),
[0136] the line gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0137] the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0138] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0139] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and
fO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points 0 and f);
[0140] the line segment de is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0141] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0064z=-1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z.sup.2+0.1565z+34.499, z),
and
[0142] the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0143] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0144] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0145] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le,
ef, fi, and i that connect the following 4 points:
point 1 (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line
segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
[0146] the line segment le is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0147] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and the line segments fi and il are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0148] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0149] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0150] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa,
ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point c
(77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points 0 and c);
[0151] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y,
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0152] the line segment bc is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0153] the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0154] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0155] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0156] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb,
bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and point j
(72.5, 23.2, 4.3), or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
[0157] the line segment kb is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y, and -0.0052y+0.5588y+6.615),
[0158] the line segment bj is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0159] the line segment jk is a straight line.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard.
[0160] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties
and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0161] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more,
based on the entire refrigerant.
[0162] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one
additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
1.2. Use
[0163] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be
preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
[0164] The composition according to the present disclosure is
suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.
2. Refrigerant Composition
[0165] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be
further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a
working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
[0166] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure further comprises at least one other component in
addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may
comprise at least one of the following other components, if
necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a
refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at
least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does
not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in
the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure,
the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire
refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more
preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
2.1. Water
[0167] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content
of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less
based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained
in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the
molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present
in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated
fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the
stability of the refrigerant composition.
2.2. Tracer
[0168] A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according
to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that
when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or
undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
[0169] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more
tracers.
[0170] The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from
commonly used tracers.
[0171] Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons,
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons,
fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated
compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and
nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O). The tracer is particularly preferably a
hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon,
a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.
[0172] The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.
FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF.sub.4) HCC-40 (chloromethane,
CH.sub.3Cl) HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF.sub.3) HFC-41
(fluoromethane, CH.sub.3Cl) HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CHF.sub.2) HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CH.sub.3) HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CH.sub.2F) HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CH.sub.3) HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH.sub.2FCH.sub.2F)
HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-245fa
(1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-236fa
(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CF.sub.3) HFC-236ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCHF.sub.2) HFC-227ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCF.sub.3) HCFC-22
(chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF.sub.2) HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane,
CH.sub.2ClF) CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF.sub.2.dbd.CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCHF.sub.2)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.3)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether,
CF.sub.3OCHFCF.sub.3) HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl
ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3)
[0173] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may contain one or more tracers at a total concentration
of about 10 parts per million by weight (ppm) to about 1000 ppm
based on the entire refrigerant composition. The refrigerant
composition according to the present disclosure may preferably
contain one or more tracers at a total concentration of about 30
ppm to about 500 ppm, and more preferably about 50 ppm to about 300
ppm, based on the entire refrigerant composition.
2.3. Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye
[0174] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or
two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
[0175] The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent
dyes.
[0176] Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include
naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene,
thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives
thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably
either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.
2.4. Stabilizer
[0177] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more
stabilizers.
[0178] The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected
from commonly used stabilizers.
[0179] Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and
amines.
[0180] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro
compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro
compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
[0181] Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.
[0182] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine
and diphenylamine.
[0183] Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and
benzotriazole.
[0184] The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the
content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more
preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
2.5. Polymerization Inhibitor
[0185] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two
or more polymerization inhibitors.
[0186] The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
[0187] Examples of polymerization inhibitors include
4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether,
dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and
benzotriazole.
[0188] The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited.
Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is
preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %,
based on the entire refrigerant.
3. Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid
[0189] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a
refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating
machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working
fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a
refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine
with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The
refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10
to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
3.1. Refrigeration Oil
[0190] The composition according to the present disclosure may
comprise a single refrigeration oil, or two or more refrigeration
oils.
[0191] The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably
selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case,
refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing
the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture,
for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
[0192] The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for
example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of
polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl
ethers (PVE).
[0193] The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in
addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member
selected from the group consisting of antioxidants,
extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper
deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming
agents.
[0194] A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400
cSt at 40.degree. C. is preferable from the standpoint of
lubrication.
[0195] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one
additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents
described below.
3.2. Compatibilizing Agent
[0196] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent,
or two or more compatibilizing agents.
[0197] The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.
[0198] Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene
glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters,
lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes.
The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a
polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
4. Method for Operating Refrigerating Machine
[0199] The method for operating a refrigerating machine according
to the present disclosure is a method for operating a refrigerating
machine using the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure.
[0200] Specifically, the method for operating a refrigerating
machine according to the present disclosure comprises the step of
circulating the refrigerant according to the present disclosure in
a refrigerating machine.
[0201] The embodiments are described above; however, it will be
understood that various changes in forms and details can be made
without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
EXAMPLES
[0202] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples. However, the present disclosure is not
limited to the Examples.
[0203] The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed
refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the
values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated
therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and
HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in PTL 1). The refrigerating capacity
of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical
refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using
the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and
Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database
(Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
[0204] Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL
of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol.
%, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the
ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5 K Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0205] Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3
Example 2 Example Ex. 4 Item Unit Ex. 1 O A 1 A' 3 B HFO-1132(E)
mass % R410A 100.0 68.6 49.0 30.6 14.1 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 0.0
14.9 30.0 44.8 58.7 R1234yf mass % 0.0 31.4 36.1 39.4 41.1 41.3 GWP
-- 2088 1 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 100 99.7 100.0 98.6 97.3
96.3 95.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 98.3 85.0 85.0
85.0 85.0 85.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.1
0.00 1.98 3.36 4.46 5.15 5.35 glide Discharge % (relative 100.0
99.3 87.1 88.9 90.6 92.1 93.2 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 --
30.7 37.5 44.0 52.7 64.0 78.6
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Ex.
5 Example 5 Example Ex. 6 Ex. 7 7 Ex. 8 Item Unit C 4 C 6 D E E' F
HFO-1132(E) mass % 32.9 26.6 19.5 10.9 0.0 58.0 23.4 0.0 HFO-1123
mass % 67.1 68.4 70.5 74.1 80.4 42.0 48.5 61.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0
5.0 10.0 15.0 19.6 0.0 28.1 38.2 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 COP ratio %
(relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.4 105.2 102.9 100.5 97.9 105.0 92.5
86.9 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.16 0.52
0.94 1.42 1.90 0.42 3.16 4.80 glide Discharge % (relative 119.5
117.4 115.3 113.0 115.9 112.7 101.0 95.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 53.5 57.1 62.0 69.1 81.3 41.9 46.3 79.0
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Ex. 9 8 9 10 11 12 Item Unit J P L N N' K HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3
7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2
2 COP ratio % (relative 93.8 95.0 96.1 97.9 99.1 99.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 104.1 101.6 95.0 88.2 85.0 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.31 0.57 0.81 1.41 2.11
2.51 glide Discharge % (relative 115.8 111.9 107.8 99.0 91.2 87.7
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.2 42.6 40.0 38.0 38.7 39.7
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S' T
HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.8 49.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass
% 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9 R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9
9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP -- 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative to 96.1
99.4 96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
101.6 85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacity ratio 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 0.81 2.58 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.55 2.07 glide
Discharge % (relative to 107.8 87.9 106.0 109.6 105.0 105.0 105.0
pressure 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 40.0 40.0 40.0 44.8 40.0 44.4 50.8
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comp. Ex Example Example 10 20 21 Item Unit
G H I HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 14.0
0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 14.0 28.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative
to 410A) 96.6 98.2 99.9 Refrigerating % (relative to 410A) 103.1
95.1 86.6 capacity ratio Condensation glide .degree. C. 0.46 1.27
1.71 Discharge pressure % (relative to 410A) 108.4 98.7 88.6 RCL
g/m.sup.3 37.4 37.0 36.6
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Comp. Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 11 Ex. 12 22 23 24 25 26 Ex. 13
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative to 91.4 92.0 92.8 93.7 94.7 95.8 96.9 98.0 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 105.7 105.5 105.0 104.3 103.3 102.0
100.6 99.1 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.40 0.46
0.55 0.66 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.67 glide Discharge % (relative to 120.1
118.7 116.7 114.3 111.6 108.7 105.6 102.5 pressure 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 71.0 61.9 54.9 49.3 44.8 41.0 37.8 35.1
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ex. 15
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative to 91.9 92.5 93.3 94.3 95.3 96.4 97.5 98.6 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 103.2 102.9 102.4 101.5 100.5 99.2
97.8 96.2 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.87 0.94
1.03 1.12 1.18 1.18 1.09 0.88 glide Discharge % (relative to 116.7
115.2 113.2 110.8 108.1 105.2 102.1 99.0 pressure 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 70.5 61.6 54.6 49.1 44.6 40.8 37.7 35.0
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 16 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ex. 17
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative to 92.4 93.1 93.9 94.8 95.9 97.0 98.1 99.2 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 100.5 100.2 99.6 98.7 97.7 96.4 94.9
93.2 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.41 1.49 1.56
1.62 1.63 1.55 1.37 1.05 glide Discharge % (relative to 113.1 111.6
109.6 107.2 104.5 101.6 98.6 95.5 pressure 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 70.0
61.2 54.4 48.9 44.4 40.7 37.5 34.8
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0
40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 93.0 93.7 94.5
95.5 96.5 97.6 98.7 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 97.7 97.4
96.8 95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.03 2.09 2.13 2.14 2.07 1.91 1.61 glide Discharge % (relative
to 109.4 107.9 105.9 103.5 100.8 98.0 95.0 pressure 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.6 60.9 54.1 48.7 44.2 40.5 37.4
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 93.6 94.3 95.2
96.1 97.2 98.2 99.3 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 94.8 94.5
93.8 92.9 91.8 90.4 88.8 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.71 2.74 2.73 2.66 2.50 2.22 1.78 glide Discharge % (relative
to 105.5 104.0 102.1 99.7 97.1 94.3 91.4 pressure 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.1 60.5 53.8 48.4 44.0 40.4 37.3
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Item Unit 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative to 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.8 97.8 98.9 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.7 87.3 capacity
ratio 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C. 3.46 3.43 3.35 3.18 2.90
2.47 Discharge pressure % (relative to 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.3
90.6 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.2 43.9 40.2
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Example Example Example Example Example
Comp. Ex. Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 18 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0
R1234yf mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative to 95.0 95.8 96.6 97.5 98.5 99.6 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 88.9 88.5 87.8 86.8 85.6 84.1 capacity
ratio 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C. 4.24 4.15 3.96 3.67 3.24
2.64 Discharge pressure % (relative to 97.6 96.1 94.2 92.0 89.5
86.8 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.2 59.8 53.2 48.0 43.7 40.1
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Item Unit Example 64 Example 65 Comp. Ex.
19 Comp. Ex 20 Comp. Ex. 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 40.0
40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 410A)
95.9 96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 Refrigerating capacity % (relative to
410A) 85.8 85.4 84.7 83.6 82.4 ratio Condensation glide .degree. C.
5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 Discharge pressure % (relative to 410A)
93.5 92.1 90.3 88.1 85.6 RCL g/m.sup.3 67.8 59.5 53.0 47.8 43.5
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 41.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 41.0 39.0 37.0 35.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 95.1 95.3 95.6 96.0 95.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.5
101.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.78 0.79
0.80 0.81 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 glide Discharge % (relative 110.5
109.9 109.3 108.1 109.7 109.1 108.5 107.9 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 43.2 42.4 41.7 40.3 43.9 43.1 42.4 41.6
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
HFO-1132(E) mass % 60.0 62.0 61.0 58.0 60.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 33.0 31.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 34.0 32.0 R1234yf mass % 7.0
7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.5 96.4 96.6 96.8 96.0 96.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.7 99.1 98.4 98.1 97.8 98.0 97.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.95 0.95 1.18
1.34 1.33 1.32 1.53 1.53 glide Discharge % (relative 107.3 106.7
104.9 104.4 103.8 103.2 104.7 104.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
40.9 40.3 40.5 41.5 40.8 40.1 43.6 42.9
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 HFO-1123
mass % 30.0 28.0 26.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 14.0
14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.4 96.6 96.9 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 97.5 97.2 96.9 97.3 97.1 96.8 96.6 96.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.51 1.50 1.48
1.72 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.67 glide Discharge % (relative 103.5 102.9
102.3 104.3 103.8 103.2 102.7 102.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.1 41.4 40.7 45.2 44.4 43.6 42.8 42.1
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
HFO-1132(E) mass % 58.0 60.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 16.0
16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.9 97.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.3 96.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 96.1 95.8 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 95.9 95.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.65 1.63 1.93
1.92 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 glide Discharge % (relative 101.5 100.9
104.5 103.9 103.4 102.9 102.3 101.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
41.4 40.7 47.8 46.9 46.0 45.1 44.3 43.5
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 18.0
18.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 95.1 95.3 95.7 95.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.4 95.2 94.9 94.6 96.3 96.1 95.7 95.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.86 1.83 1.80
1.77 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 glide Discharge % (relative 101.2 100.6
100.0 99.5 104.5 104.0 103.0 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.7 42.0 41.3 40.6 50.7 49.7 47.7 46.8
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.1 96.3 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 95.1 95.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.2 95.0 94.5 94.2 94.0 93.7 95.3 95.1
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.11 2.09 2.05
2.02 1.99 1.95 2.37 2.36 glide Discharge % (relative 101.9 101.4
100.3 99.7 99.2 98.6 103.4 103.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
45.9 45.0 43.4 42.7 41.9 41.2 51.7 50.6
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121
HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0
22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 94.7 94.5 94.3 94.0 93.8 93.6 93.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.36 2.35 2.33
2.32 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.21 glide Discharge % (relative 102.5 102.0
101.5 101.0 100.4 99.9 99.4 98.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
49.6 48.6 47.6 46.7 45.8 45.0 44.1 43.4
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0
22.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.9 95.2 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 93.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 94.3 94.1 93.9 93.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.18 2.14 2.09
2.04 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.58 glide Discharge % (relative 98.2 97.7 97.1
96.5 102.4 101.9 101.5 101.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 42.6
41.9 41.2 40.5 52.7 51.6 50.5 49.5
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0
24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 93.5 93.3 93.1 92.8 92.6 92.4 92.1 91.8
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.56 2.54 2.51
2.49 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.33 glide Discharge % (relative 100.5 100.0
99.5 98.9 98.4 97.9 97.3 96.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.5
47.5 46.6 45.7 44.9 44.1 43.3 42.5
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item unit 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0
24.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 95.3 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.6 91.3 91.0 93.2 93.1 92.9 92.7 92.5
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.28 2.22 2.16
2.86 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 glide Discharge % (relative 96.2 95.6 95.1
101.3 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.8
41.1 40.4 53.7 52.6 51.5 50.4 49.4
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0
26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 92.3 92.1 91.9 91.6 91.4 91.2 90.9 90.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.77 2.74 2.71
2.67 2.63 2.59 2.53 2.48 glide Discharge % (relative 99.0 98.5 97.9
97.4 96.9 96.4 95.8 95.3 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.4 47.4
46.5 45.7 44.8 44.0 43.2 42.5
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 18.0 16.0 14.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0
26.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.9 98.2 98.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 90.3 90.1 89.8 92.1 91.9 91.7 91.5 91.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.42 2.35 2.27
3.10 3.09 3.06 3.04 3.01 glide Discharge % (relative 94.7 94.1 93.6
99.7 99.3 98.8 98.4 97.9 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0
403 53.6 52.5 51.4 50.3 49.3
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0
28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.7 90.4 90.2 89.9 89.7 89.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.98 2.94 2.90
2.85 2.80 2.75 2.68 2.62 glide Discharge % (relative 97.4 96.9 96.4
95.9 95.4 94.9 94.3 93.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.3 47.4
46.4 45.6 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.4
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 HFO-1123
mass % 16.0 14.0 12.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0
28.0 28.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6 96.1 96.2 96.4 96.6 97.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.1 88.8 88.5 90.7 90.5 90.3 90.1 89.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.54 2.46 2.38
3.32 3.30 3.26 3.22 3.14 glide Discharge % (relative 93.2 92.6 92.1
97.7 97.3 96.8 96.4 95.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0
40.3 52.4 51.3 50.2 49.2 47.3
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185
HFO-1132(E) mass % 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0
30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 98.3 98.5 98.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.4 89.2 89.0 88.7 88.4 88.2 87.9 87.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.08 3.03 2.97
2.90 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.57 glide Discharge % (relative 94.9 94.4 93.9
93.3 92.8 92.3 91.7 91.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.4 45.5
44.7 43.9 43.1 42.3 41.6 40.9
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0
32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.2 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.6 89.5 89.3 89.1 88.9 88.7 88.4 88.2
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.60 3.56 3.52
3.48 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.26 glide Discharge % (relative 96.6 96.2 95.7
95.3 94.8 94.3 93.9 93.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 53.4 52.3
51.2 50.1 49.1 48.1 47.2 46.3
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 HFO-1123
mass % 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0
32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 98.5 98.7 98.9 99.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 87.7 87.5 87.2 86.9 86.6 86.3 86.0
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.20 3.12 3.04
2.96 2.87 2.77 2.66 2.55 glide Discharge % (relative 92.8 92.3 91.8
91.3 90.7 90.2 89.6 89.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.4 44.6
43.8 43.0 42.3 41.5 40.8 40.2
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0
34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.5 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.4 88.2 88.0 87.8 87.6 87.4 87.2 87.0
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.84 3.80 3.75
3.70 3.64 3.58 3.51 3.43 glide Discharge % (relative 95.0 94.6 94.2
93.7 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 53.3 52.2
51.1 50.0 49.0 48.0 47.1 46.2
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 HFO-1123
mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0
34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 98.0 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.8 96.8 96.9 97.1 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 86.7 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.6 87.2 87.0 86.8
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.36 3.27 3.18
3.08 2.97 4.08 4.03 3.97 glide Discharge % (relative 91.3 90.8 90.3
89.7 89.2 93.4 93.0 92.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.3 44.5
43.7 42.9 42.2 53.2 52.1 51.0
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225
HFO-1132(E) mass % 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 30.0 32.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 36.0
36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 97.1 97.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 86.4 86.2 85.9 85.7 85.5 85.9 85.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.91 3.84 3.76
3.68 3.60 3.50 4.32 4.25 glide Discharge % (relative 92.1 91.7 91.2
90.7 90.3 89.8 91.9 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 49.9 48.9
47.9 47.0 46.1 45.3 53.1 52.0
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 Item Unit Example 226 Example 227
HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass
% 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 410A) 97.4 97.6
Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 410A) 85.6 85.3 ratio
Condensation glide .degree. C. 4.18 4.11 Discharge pressure %
(relative to 410A) 91.0 90.6 RCL g/m.sup.3 50.9 49.8
[0206] These results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and
OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(32.9, 67.1,
0.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point 0 (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment CO); the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3, the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.727, -0.0067x.sup.1-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0207] The point on the line segment AA' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and
point A' by the least square method.
[0208] The point on the line segment A'B was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A', Example 3, and
point B by the least square method.
[0209] The point on the line segment DC' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and
point C' by the least square method.
[0210] The point on the line segment C'C was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C', Example 4, and
point C by the least square method.
[0211] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z)
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point T (35.8, 44.9,
19.3), point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and point C (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0031x.sup.2-1.36x+68.6, -0.0031x.sup.2+0.36x+31.4), the line
segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0034x.sup.2-1.3714x+68.644, -0.0034x.sup.2+0.3714x+31.356), the
line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0048x.sup.2-1.8675x+63.052, -0.0048x.sup.2+0.8675x+36.948), and
the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0098x.sup.2-0.0398x+42.0, -0.0098x.sup.2-0.9602x+58.0), and the
line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines, the refrigerant
has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that
of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0212] The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E',
and F, by the least square method.
[0213] The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R,
and T, by the least square method.
[0214] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these
components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0,
100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or
below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0) and
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/ms or
more.
[0215] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %,
a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR
connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9)
or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
temperature glide of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0216] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass
%, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST
connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3)
or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.
[0217] In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing
flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc.
Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
[0218] Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants
whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were
determined to be classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0219] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0220] Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF
concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak
simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version
4.0.
[0221] Tables 35 and 36 show the results.
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 Item Unit G H I WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0
72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 9.6 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 18.4 28.0
Burping velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 Item Unit J P L N N' K WCF HFO- mass 47.1
55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 1132 % (E) HFO- mass 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.2
7.7 5.4 1123 % R1234yf mass 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.2 27.3 33.3 % Leak
condition that Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ results in WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
Shipping Shipping -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 92% release, 90%
release, 90% release, 66% release, 12% release, 0% release, liquid
phase liquid phase gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase side
side side side side side WCFF HFO- mass 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0
72.0 1132 % (E) HFO- mass 28.0 17.8 17.4 13.6 12.3 9.8 1123 %
R1234yf mass 0.0 10.2 10.6 14.4 15.7 18.2 % Burning velocity cm/s 8
or less 8 or less 8 or less 9 9 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0222] The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed
refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains
HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their
sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability.
[0223] The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line
segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is the base,
when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN,
and NK connecting the following 6 points: point J (47.1, 52.9,
0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1) point N' (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and point K (61.3,
5.4, 33.3), the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability. In the diagram, the
line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), and
the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x+-831.91).
[0224] The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L,
and N, by the least square method.
[0225] The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N',
and K, by the least square method.
DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0226] 1: Sample cell 2: High-speed camera 3: Xenon lamp 4:
Collimating lens 5: Collimating lens 6: Ring filter
* * * * *