U.S. patent application number 16/550516 was filed with the patent office on 2020-12-10 for golf shoe having midsole and outsole for providing flex and stability.
This patent application is currently assigned to Acushnet Company. The applicant listed for this patent is Acushnet Company. Invention is credited to Jean-Marie Bidal, John F. Swigart.
Application Number | 20200383421 16/550516 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004287965 |
Filed Date | 2020-12-10 |
View All Diagrams
United States Patent
Application |
20200383421 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bidal; Jean-Marie ; et
al. |
December 10, 2020 |
GOLF SHOE HAVING MIDSOLE AND OUTSOLE FOR PROVIDING FLEX AND
STABILITY
Abstract
Golf shoes having improved constructions are provided. The golf
shoes include upper, midsole, and outsole sections. The upper may
be made of a soft, breathable leather material. The midsole
includes an upper region formed from a first material such as a
foamed ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA); and a lower region formed from
a second material such as a foamed ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA),
wherein the materials have different hardness levels. A
fiber-reinforced composite plate may be disposed in the midsole.
The outsole contains different traction members arranged in a
precise geometric structure that helps provide improved stability
and traction.
Inventors: |
Bidal; Jean-Marie;
(Bridgewater, MA) ; Swigart; John F.; (Portland,
OR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Acushnet Company |
Fairhaven |
MA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Acushnet Company
Fairhaven
MA
|
Family ID: |
1000004287965 |
Appl. No.: |
16/550516 |
Filed: |
August 26, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
29694182 |
Jun 7, 2019 |
|
|
|
16550516 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43C 15/162 20130101;
A43B 1/14 20130101; A43B 5/001 20130101; A43B 13/223 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A43B 5/00 20060101
A43B005/00; A43B 13/22 20060101 A43B013/22; A43C 15/16 20060101
A43C015/16; A43B 1/14 20060101 A43B001/14 |
Claims
1. A golf shoe comprising: an upper; an outsole; and a midsole
connected to the upper and outsole, the upper, midsole, and outsole
each having forefoot, mid-foot, and rear-foot regions and lateral
and medial sides; and the midsole comprising: i) an upper region
formed from a first material; and ii) a lower region formed from a
second material, wherein the Shore C hardness of the second
material is greater than the Shore C hardness of the first
material; and the outsole comprising a Track (A) containing a first
set of traction members, and a Track (B) containing a second set of
traction members, wherein Track A extends from the periphery of the
medial side of the forefoot and through the mid-foot region to the
periphery of the lateral side of the rear-foot region and Track B
extends from the periphery of the lateral side of the forefoot and
through the mid-foot region to the periphery of the medial side of
the rear-foot region such that Tracks A and B criss-cross each
other in the mid-foot region.
2. The golf shoe of claim 1, wherein the first material used to
form the upper region of the midsole has a hardness in the range of
about 40 to about 75 Shore C.
3. The golf shoe of claim 1, wherein the second material used to
form the lower region of the midsole has a hardness in the range of
about 45 to about 80 Shore C.
4. The golf shoe of claim 1, wherein a first ethylene vinyl acetate
copolymer foam composition is used to form the upper region of the
midsole, and a second ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer foam
composition is used to form the lower region of the midsole.
5. The golf shoe of claim 1, wherein a first polyurethane foam
composition is used to form the upper region of the midsole, and a
second polyurethane foam composition is used to form the lower
region of the midsole.
6. The golf shoe of claim 1, wherein Track A and Track B of the
outsole are formed from foam compositions selected from the group
consisting of foamed ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and foamed
thermoplastic polyurethane compositions.
7. The golf shoe of claim 1, wherein the traction members of Track
A project outwardly from a plurality of first traction member
bases, the first traction member bases being fastened to Track A;
and the traction members of Track B project outwardly from a
plurality of second traction member bases, the second traction
member bases being fastened to Track B.
8. The golf shoe of claim 7, wherein the traction members of Tracks
A and B are formed from thermoplastic polyurethane
compositions.
9. The golf shoe of claim 7, wherein the traction members of Tracks
A and B are formed from polyamide compositions.
10. The golf shoe of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the
traction members of Track A and at least a portion of the traction
members of Track B have shapes selected from the group consisting
of annular, rectangular, triangular, square, spherical, elliptical,
star, diamond, pyramid, arrow, conical, blade-like, and rod shapes
and combinations thereof.
11. The golf shoe of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the
traction members of Track A and at least a portion of the traction
members of Track B have conical shapes.
12. The golf shoe of claim 10, wherein the traction members of
Track A and the traction members of Track B have the same
shapes.
13. The golf shoe of claim 10, wherein the traction members of
Track A and the traction members of Track B have different
shapes.
14. The golf shoe of claim 1, wherein the outsole further comprises
first and second sets of stability traction ridges, the traction
ridges being located in a central area between Track A and Track B,
wherein the first set of traction ridges is located in the forefoot
region and the second set of traction ridges is located in the
rear-foot region.
15. A golf shoe comprising: an upper; an outsole; and a midsole
connected to the upper and outsole, the upper, midsole, and outsole
each having forefoot, mid-foot, and rear-foot regions and lateral
and medial sides; and the midsole comprising: i) an upper region
formed from a first material; and ii) a lower region formed from a
second material, wherein the Shore C hardness of the second
material is greater than the Shore C hardness of the first
material; and the outsole comprising a Track (A) containing a first
set of traction members, and a Track (B) containing a second set of
traction members, wherein Track A extends from the periphery of the
medial side of the forefoot and through the mid-foot region to the
periphery of the lateral side of the rear-foot region and Track B
extends from the periphery of the lateral side of the forefoot and
through the mid-foot region to the periphery of the medial side of
the rear-foot region such that Tracks A and B criss-cross each
other in the mid-foot region; and a set of mid-foot stability
traction pieces, the first piece being disposed on the lateral side
of the mid-foot region, and the second piece being disposed on the
medial side of the mid-foot region.
16. The golf shoe of claim 15, wherein a third set of traction
members project outwardly from the first mid-foot stability
traction piece, and a fourth set of traction members project
outwardly from the second mid-foot stability traction piece.
17. The golf shoe of claim 16, wherein the third and fourth sets of
traction members are formed from thermoplastic polyurethane
compositions.
18. The golf shoe of claim 15, wherein the third and fourth sets of
traction members are formed from polyamide compositions.
19. The golf shoe of claim 15, wherein the first material used to
form the upper region of the midsole has a hardness in the range of
about 40 to about 75 Shore C.
20. The golf shoe of claim 15, wherein the second material used to
form the lower region of the midsole has a hardness in the range of
about 45 to about 80 Shore C.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending,
co-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 29/694,176, filed on
Jun. 7, 2019, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by
reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates generally to shoes and more
particularly to golf shoes having good flexibility, stability, and
traction. The midsole is preferably made of two foam materials
having different properties. The outsole contains multiple traction
members and has a geometric structure that provides high traction
and ground contact.
Brief Review of the Related Art
[0003] Both professional and amateur golfers use specially designed
golf shoes today. Typically, the golf shoe includes an upper
portion and outsole portion along with a mid-sole connecting the
upper to the outsole. The upper has a traditional shape for
inserting a user's foot and thus covers and protects the foot in
the shoe. The upper is designed to provide a comfortable fit around
the contour of the foot. The mid-sole is relatively lightweight and
provides cushioning to the shoe. The outsole is designed to provide
stability and traction for the golfer. The bottom surface of the
outsole may include spikes or cleats designed to engage the ground
surface through contact with and penetration of the ground. These
elements help provide the golfer with better foot stability and
traction as he/she walks and plays the course.
[0004] Often, the terms, "spikes" and "cleats" are used
interchangeably in the golf industry. Some golfers prefer the term,
"spikes," since cleats are more commonly associated with other
sports such as baseball, football, and soccer. Other golfers like
to use the term, "cleats" since spikes are more commonly associated
with non-turf sports such as track or bicycling. In the following
description, the term, "spikes" will be used for convenience
purposes. Golf shoe spikes can be made of a metal or plastic
material. However, one problem with metal spikes is they are
normally elongated pieces with a sharp point extending downwardly
that can break through the surface of the putting green thereby
leaving holes and causing other damage. These metal spikes also can
cause damage to other ground surfaces at a golf course, for
example, the carpeting and flooring in a clubhouse. Today, most
golf courses require that golfers use non-metal spikes. Plastic
spikes normally have a rounded base having a central stud on one
face. On the other face of the rounded base, there are radial arms
with traction projections for contacting the ground surface. Screw
threads are spaced about the stud on the spike for inserting into a
threaded receptacle on the outsole of the shoe as discussed further
below. These plastic spikes, which can be easily fastened and later
removed from the locking receptacle on the outsole, tend to cause
less damage to the greens and clubhouse flooring surfaces.
[0005] If spikes are present on the golf shoe, they are preferably
detachably fastened to receptacles (sockets) in the outsole. The
receptacles may be located in a molded pod attached to the outsole.
The molded pods help provide further stability and balance to the
shoe. The spike may be inserted and removed easily from the
receptacle. Normally, the spike may be secured in the receptacle by
inserting it and then slightly twisting it in a clockwise
direction. The spike may be removed from the receptacle by slightly
twisting it in a counter-clockwise direction.
[0006] In recent years, "spikeless" or "cleatless" shoes have
become more popular. These shoe outsoles contain rubber or plastic
traction members but no spikes or cleats. These traction members
protrude from the bottom surface of the outsole to contact the
ground.
[0007] When a golfer swings a club and transfers his/her weight,
their foot absorbs tremendous forces. For example, when a
right-handed golfer is first planting his/her feet before beginning
any club swinging motion (that is, when addressing the ball), their
weight is evenly distributed between their front and back feet. As
the golfer begins their backswing, their weight shifts primarily to
their back foot. Significant pressure is applied to the back foot
at the beginning of the downswing. Thus, the back foot can be
referred to as the driving foot and the front foot can be referred
to as the stabilizing foot. As the golfer follows through with
their swing and drives the ball, their weight is transferred from
the driving foot to the front (stabilizing) foot. During the
swinging motion, there is some pivoting at the back and front feet,
but this pivoting motion must be controlled. It is important the
feet do not substantially move or slip when making the shot. Good
foot traction is important during the golf shot cycle. It is
important that the shoes provide good stability. The golfer needs a
stable platform so that he/she can maintain their balance as they
perform their swinging action. Manufacturers of golf shoes have
looked at different ways for improving the stability of golf shoes.
For example, manufacturers have looked at positioning traction
members and spikes at different locations across the outsole.
[0008] Golf shoe manufacturers have developed shoes with different
spikes for providing traction and stability for the golfer. For
example, Dalton U.S. Pat. No. 6,161,315 discloses an outsole having
forefoot, shank, and heel sections. A stability ridge is disposed
on the outer surface and along the perimeter of the forefoot and
heel. According to the '315 Patent, this outer ridge provides
twisting traction and stability without adversely affecting the
golfer's swing. The ridge may include one or more spikes.
[0009] Campbell et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,082,686 discloses a cleated
shoe that provides cushion support and lateral stability. The shoe
includes a lower and an upper. The lower may include a primary
midsole, cushion elements, and an outsole. A cleat may be connected
to the outsole. At least one cushion may be located between the
primary midsole and outsole.
[0010] Bacon et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,677,657 discloses a golf shoe
having an outsole with multiple pod sections molded to its bottom
surface. Each pod section contains a receptacle for holding a
removable cleat (spike). Preferably, there are eight separate pod
sections. The pod sections have a flared outer perimeter extending
beyond the normal contour of the outsole. According to the '657
Patent, these pods with their spikes and exterior outer surfaces,
which are flared away from the normal contour of the outsole, help
provide greater stability and support during the golf swing.
[0011] Rushbrook et al., U.S. Pat. No. 9,609,915 discloses an
outsole with spikes and flex zones that allow relative movement
between regions of the outsole bottom surface that are separated by
the flex zones. According to the '915 Patent, such relative
movement, together with spikes, help provide traction and stability
for the golfer.
[0012] However, one drawback with some conventional golf shoes is
these shoes may help provide the golfer with good stability and
traction, but there is a loss in shoe flexibility. Some traditional
golf shoes are relatively stiff--they provide a rigid platform, but
they do not provide the needed flexibility for golfers. As
discussed further below, when a golfer swings a club and transfers
his/her weight on their feet, there are high forces placed on the
foot. The shoe needs to provide a stable platform for the golfer
when he/she maker their swing, but the foot also needs to be able
to flex to a certain degree. The bending of the shoe also is
important when the golfer is walking the course, crouching down to
line-up a putt, and other golfing actions.
[0013] Thus, there is a need for a golf shoe that can provide a
high level of stability and traction and yet also provide high
flexibility. The shoe should hold and support the medial and
lateral sides of the golfer's foot as they shift their weight while
making a golf shot. The shoe should provide good stability and
traction so there is no slipping and the golfer can stay balanced
as he/she swings the club. At the same time, the shoe should also
have good flexibility. A golfer wearing the shoe should be able to
walk and play the course and engage in other golf activities
comfortably. The present invention provides new golf shoe
constructions that provide high stability and traction as well as
flexibility for the golfer and has other advantageous properties
and features.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] The present invention provides a golf shoe comprising: an
upper; and outsole; and a midsole connected to the upper and
outsole. The upper; midsole; and outsole each have forefoot,
mid-foot, and rear-foot regions with lateral and medial sides. In
particular, the midsole comprises: i) an upper region formed from a
first material; and ii) a lower region formed from a second
material, wherein the second material has a Shore C hardness
greater than the first material's Shore C hardness. In one
embodiment, the second material used to form the lower region of
the midsole has a hardness in the range of about 45 to about 80
Shore C; and the first material used to form the upper region of
the midsole has a hardness in the range of about 40 to about 75
Shore C. Different ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) foam
compositions can be used to form the lower and upper regions of the
midsole. Other suitable materials include polyurethane foam
compositions.
[0015] The outsole comprises a first Track A containing a first set
of traction members; and a second Track B containing a second set
of traction members, wherein Track A extends from the periphery of
the medial side of the forefoot and through the mid-foot region to
the periphery of the lateral side of the rear-foot region.
Meanwhile, Track B extends from the periphery of the lateral side
of the forefoot and through the mid-foot region to the periphery of
the medial side of the rear-foot region such that Tracks A and B
criss-cross each other in the mid-foot region. Tracks A and B can
be formed of any suitable material such as, for example, EVA and
polyurethane foam compositions.
[0016] The first set of traction members of Track A can project
outwardly from a plurality of first traction member bases that are
fastened to Track A. The second set of traction members of Track B
can project outwardly from a plurality of first traction member
bases that are fastened to Track B. The respective traction member
bases can be fastened to Tracks A and B by stitching, adhesives, or
any other suitable fastening means. The traction members and the
bases for the traction members can be made of any suitable material
such as, for example, thermoplastic polyurethanes. The traction
members and their respective bases can have various shapes such as,
for example, annular, rectangular, triangular, square, spherical,
elliptical, star, diamond, pyramid, arrow, conical, blade-like, and
rod shapes. The traction members of Track A and the traction
members of Track B can have the same or different shapes. In one
preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the traction members of
Track A and at least a portion of the traction members of Track B
have conical shapes.
[0017] In one embodiment, the outsole further comprises first and
second sets of stability traction ridges, wherein the ridges are
located in a central area between Tracks A and B, the first set
being located in the forefoot region and the second set being
located in the rear-foot region. In one embodiment, the outsole
further comprises a set of mid-foot stability traction pieces, the
first piece being disposed on the lateral side of the mid-foot
region and the second piece being disposed on the medial side of
the mid-foot region. A third set of traction members project
outwardly from the first stability piece and a fourth set of
traction members project outwardly from the second stability piece.
The traction members and stability pieces can be made from
thermoplastic polyurethanes.
[0018] The shoes of this invention have many advantageous features.
The shoes provide good stability and traction so there is no
slipping and the golfer can stay balanced as he/she swings the
club. At the same time, the shoes also have good forefoot
flexibility. A golfer can walk and play the course naturally and
freely.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0019] The novel features that are characteristic of the present
invention are set forth in the appended claims. However, the
preferred embodiments of the invention, together with further
objects and attendant advantages, are best understood by reference
to the following detailed description in connection with the
accompanying drawings in which:
[0020] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one example of a golf shoe
of the present invention showing the upper portion in detail;
[0021] FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of one example of a golf shoe
of the present invention showing the outsole portion in detail;
[0022] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the golf shoe in FIG. 2
along Line A-A';
[0023] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the golf shoe in FIG. 2
along Line B-B';
[0024] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the golf shoe in FIG. 2
along Line C-C';
[0025] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the golf shoe in FIG. 2
along Line D-D';
[0026] FIG. 7 is an exploded view of one example of a midsole and
outsole of the golf shoe of the present invention showing the
different components of the midsole and outsole in detail;
[0027] FIG. 8A is a lateral view of one example of the golf shoe of
the present invention showing the rearward portion of the outsole
striking the ground surface during a first stage of a person's
walking cycle;
[0028] FIG. 8B is a lateral view of the golf shoe in FIG. 8A
showing the rearward and forward portion of the outsole making
contact with the ground surface during a second stage of a person's
walking cycle;
[0029] FIG. 8C is a lateral view of the golf shoe in FIG. 8A
showing the forward portion of the outsole making contact with the
ground surface as a person pushes off on his/her feet during a
third stage of a person's walking cycle;
[0030] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of one example an outsole of
the golf shoe of the present invention showing the twisting and
turning of the midsole along Longitudinal Axis A;
[0031] FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram of a golfer wearing one
example of the golf shoes of the invention on a generally level
surface of a golf course such as the Fairway;
[0032] FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram of a golfer wearing one
example of golf shoes of the prior art on a generally non-level
surface of a golf course such as the Rough;
[0033] FIG. 10C is a close-up view of the golf shoe shown in FIG.
10B;
[0034] FIG. 10D is a schematic diagram of a golfer wearing one
example of the golf shoes of this invention on a generally
non-level surface of a golf course such as the Rough;
[0035] FIG. 10E is a close-up view of the golf shoe shown in FIG.
10D;
[0036] FIG. 11 is a bottom plan view of one example of a golf shoe
of the present invention showing the traction members in detail;
and
[0037] FIG. 12 is an exploded view of another example of a midsole
and outsole of the golf shoe of the present invention showing a
fiber-reinforced composite plate disposed in the midsole.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0038] Referring to the Figures, where like reference numerals are
used to designate like elements, and particularly FIG. 1, one
embodiment of the golf shoe (10) of this invention is shown. The
shoe (10) includes an upper portion (12) and outsole portion (16)
along with a midsole (14) connecting the upper (12) to the outsole
(16). The midsole (14) is joined to the upper (12) and outsole (16)
as discussed in more detail below. The views shown in the Figures
are of right and left shoes and it is understood the components for
these respective shoes will be mirror images of each other. It also
should be understood that the shoe may be made in various sizes,
and thus the size of the components of the shoe may be adjusted
depending upon shoe size.
[0039] The upper (12) has a traditional shape and is made from a
standard upper material such as, for example, natural leather,
synthetic leather, non-woven materials, natural fabrics, and
synthetic fabrics. For example, breathable mesh, and synthetic
textile fabrics made from nylons, polyesters, polyolefins,
polyurethanes, rubbers, and combinations thereof can be used. The
material used to construct the upper is selected based on desired
properties such as breathability, durability, flexibility, and
comfort. In one preferred example, the upper (12) is made of a
soft, breathable leather material having waterproof properties. The
upper material is stitched or bonded together to form an upper
structure using traditional manufacturing methods. Referring to
FIG. 1, the upper (12) generally includes an instep region (17)
with an opening (20) for inserting a foot. The upper (12)
preferably includes a soft, molded foam heel collar (18) for
providing enhanced comfort and fit. An optional ghille strip (31)
is wrapped around the heel collar. The upper includes a vamp (19)
for covering the forepart of the foot. The instep region includes a
tongue member (22) and a power harness (21) overlying the quarter
section (23) of the upper and attached to the foxing (29) in the
heel region. The power harness (21) can be used to help with medial
control and support of the foot. Normally, laces (24) are used for
tightening the shoe around the contour of the foot. However, other
tightening systems can be used including metal cable
(lace)-tightening assemblies that include a dial, spool, and
housing and locking mechanism for locking the cable in place. Such
lace tightening assemblies are available from Boa Technology, Inc.,
Denver, Colo. 80216. It should be understood that the
above-described upper (12) shown in FIG. 1 represents only one
example of an upper design that can be used in the shoe
construction of this invention and other upper designs can be used
without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
[0040] The midsole (14) is relatively lightweight and provides
cushioning to the shoe. The midsole (14) can be made from midsole
materials such as, for example, foamed ethylene vinyl acetate
copolymer (EVA) or foamed polyurethane compositions. In one
preferred embodiment, the midsole (14) is constructed using two
different foamed materials as described below.
[0041] Referring to FIGS. 2-6, the midsole (14) generally includes
two regions: a) an upper (interior) region (28); and b) a lower
(exterior) region (30). In one preferred embodiment, the upper
region (28) is made of a relatively soft and flexible material. For
example, the upper region (28) may be made of a relatively soft
first EVA foam composition having a hardness ranging from about 40
to about 75 Shore C. In one particular example, the relatively soft
first EVA foam composition has a Shore C hardness in the range of
about 50 to about 70. In one preferred embodiment, the relatively
soft first EVA foam composition has a hardness in the range of
about 55 to about 60 Shore C. Meanwhile, the lower region (30) is
preferably made of a relatively firm material such as a second EVA
foam composition. In one embodiment, a blend of EVA and styrenic
block copolymer rubber (such as "SI", "SIS", "SB", "SBS", "SIBS",
"SEBS", "SEPS" and the like, where "S" is styrene, "I" is
isobutylene, "E" is ethylene, "P" is propylene, and "B" is
butadiene), can be used to form the relatively firm second EVA foam
composition. The hardness of the lower region (30) is preferably
greater than the hardness of the upper region (28). For example,
the lower region (30) may be made of a relatively firm second EVA
foam composition having a hardness ranging from about 45 to about
80 Shore C. In one particular example, the relatively firm second
EVA foam composition has a Shore C hardness in the range of about
50 to about 75. In one preferred embodiment, the relatively firm
second EVA foam composition has a hardness in the range of about 65
to about 70 Shore C. For example, the hardness of the foamed lower
region (30) can be at least 5% greater than the hardness of the
foamed upper region (28). In some embodiments, the hardness of the
foamed lower region (30) can be at least 10% or 15% greater; and in
other embodiments, at least 20% or 25% greater. The densities of
the first foamed composition and second foamed composition also are
preferably different. For example, the density of the relatively
firm second EVA foamed composition, which is used to form the lower
region (30), is preferably greater than the density of the
relatively soft first EVA foamed composition, which is used to form
the upper region (28).
[0042] As discussed above, the EVA foam compositions are preferably
used to form the midsole. Different foaming additives and catalysts
are used to produce the EVA foam. For example, the EVA foam
composition normally contains polyethylene. The EVA foam
compositions have various properties making them particularly
suitable for constructing midsoles including good cushioning and
shock absorption; high water and moisture-resistance; and long-term
durability.
[0043] Referring to FIG. 7, the upper and lower regions (28, 30) of
the midsole (14) are shown in an exploded view. In one
manufacturing process, the midsole (14) can be molded as a separate
piece and then joined to the top surface (33) of the outsole (16)
by stitching, adhesives, or other suitable means using standard
techniques known in the art. For example, the midsole (14) can be
heat-pressed and bonded to the top surface (33) of the outsole
(16). The midsole (14) can be molded using a `two-shot` molding
method.
[0044] Referring to the outsole (16), this part is designed to
primarily provide support and traction for the shoe. The bottom
surface (27) of the outsole (16) includes multiple traction members
that are generally indicated at (25) in FIG. 1. The traction
members (25) help provide traction between the shoe and the
different surfaces of a golf course. The traction members (25) can
be made of any suitable material such as rubbers, plastics, and
combinations thereof. Thermoplastics such as nylons, polyesters,
polyolefins, and polyurethanes can be used. In one preferred
embodiment, the traction members are made of a relatively hard
thermoplastic polyurethane composition. Different polyamide
compositions including polyamide copolymers and aramids also can be
used to form the traction members. For example, Pebax.RTM.
elastomers (available from Arkema), which are block copolymers of
rigid polyamide blocks and soft polyether blocks, can be used.
Suitable rubber materials include, but are not limited to,
polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ethylene-propylene rubber ("EPR"),
ethylene-propylene-diene ("EPDM") rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber,
styrenic block copolymer rubbers (such as "SI", "SIS", "SB", "SBS",
"SIBS", "SEBS", "SEPS" and the like, where "S" is styrene, "I" is
isobutylene, "E" is ethylene, "P" is propylene, and "B" is
butadiene), polyalkenamers, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, and
blends of two or more thereof. The structure and geometry of the
different traction members (25) and the outsole (16) of the present
invention are described in further detail below.
[0045] In general, the anatomy of the foot can be divided into
three bony regions. The rear-foot region generally includes the
ankle (talus) and heel (calcaneus) bones. The mid-foot region
includes the cuboid, cuneiform, and navicular bones that form the
longitudinal arch of the foot. The forefoot region includes the
metatarsals and the toes. As shown in FIG. 1, the outsole (16) has
a top surface (not shown) and bottom surface (27). The midsole (14)
is joined to the top surface of the outsole (16). The upper (12) is
joined to the midsole (14).
[0046] Referring back to FIG. 2, the outsole (16) generally
includes a forefoot region (40) for supporting the forefoot area; a
mid-foot region (42) for supporting the mid-foot including the arch
area; and rearward region (44) for supporting the rear-foot
including heel area. In general, the forefoot region (40) includes
portions of the outsole corresponding with the toes and the joints
connecting the metatarsals with the phalanges. The mid-foot region
(42) generally includes portions of the outsole corresponding with
the arch area of the foot. The rear-foot region (44) generally
includes portions of the outsole corresponding with rear portions
of the foot, including the calcaneus bone.
[0047] The outsole (16) also includes a lateral side (46) and a
medial side (48). Lateral side (46) and medial side (48) extend
through each of the foot regions (40, 42, and 44) and correspond
with opposite sides of the outsole. The lateral side or edge (46)
of the outsole is the side that corresponds with the outer area of
the foot of the wearer. The lateral edge (46) is the side of the
foot of the wearer that is generally farthest from the other foot
of the wearer (that is, it is the side closer to the fifth toe
[little toe].) The medial side or edge (48) of the outsole is the
side that corresponds with the inside area of the foot of the
wearer. The medial edge (48) is the side of the foot of the wearer
that is generally closest to the other foot of the wearer (that is,
the side closer to the hallux [big toe].) More particularly, the
lateral and medial sides extend around the periphery or perimeter
(50) of the outsole (16) from the anterior end (52) to the
posterior end (54) of the outsole. The anterior end (52) is the
portion of the outsole corresponding to the toe area, and the
posterior end (54) is the portion corresponding to the heel area.
The regions, sides, and areas of the outsole as described above are
not intended to demarcate precise areas of the outsole. Rather,
these regions, sides, and areas are intended to represent general
areas of the outsole. The upper (12) and midsole (14) also have
such regions, sides, and areas. Each region, side, and area also
may include anterior and posterior sections.
[0048] Forefoot Region
[0049] Referring back to FIG. 1, the traction members (25) protrude
from the bottom surface (27) of the outsole (16) in the forefoot
(40) region to contact the ground. The traction members (25) help
provide good stability and traction for the golfer when he/she is
walking and playing the course as discussed above. The protruding
traction members (25) extend along the length of the outsole (16)
and are found in the forefoot, mid-foot, and rear-foot regions (40,
42, and 44).
[0050] The outsole (16) can contain a wide variety of traction
members (25) so that the traction and gripping power for the
different golf course surfaces are maximized and less damage is
done to that surface for the amount of traction provided. The
traction members (25) can have many different shapes including for
example, but not limited to, annular, rectangular, triangular,
square, spherical, elliptical, star, diamond, pyramid, arrow,
conical, blade-like, and rod shapes. Also, the height and area of
the different traction members (25) can be adjusted as needed. In
one preferred embodiment, the golf shoe of this invention has five
different traction members (25) extending along the length of the
outsole (16), and these traction members are discussed in further
detail below.
[0051] Along with traction, the forefoot, mid-foot, and rear-foot
regions (40, 42, and 44) of the golf shoe (10) are important for
providing stability and comfort for the foot. For instance, many
golf courses offer golfers the choice of driving an
electric-powered cart over or walking the course. Some golfers
prefer to walk the entire course. Even golfers, who prefer to drive
carts, will walk a considerable distance during their round of
play. Depending upon the length of the course, speed of play, and
other factors, a golfer may walk a few miles in a round. Thus, a
golf shoe needs to be comfortable to wear and allow a golfer to
walk naturally and freely. That is, the shoe needs to support the
foot and yet it also needs to be flexible. The golfer must be able
to address the ball, make a swing, walk comfortably on the course,
and do other golf-specific actions such as crouching down to
line-up a putt. There are two key directions of foot movement that
must be considered: 1) dorsiflexion, and 2) plantar flexion. In
general, dorsiflexion is the action of raising the foot (60)
upwards toward the shin. That is, the foot (60) is flexing in the
dorsal or upward direction. The muscles and tendons located in the
front of the foot and leg that are passed into the ankle joint are
used to move the foot in the dorsiflexion direction. In general,
the foot (60) moves upwards in the range of about 10 to about 30
degrees. On the other hand, plantar flexion is the action of moving
the foot (60) in a downward direction towards the ground. The
muscles and tendons located in the back and inside of the foot and
leg that are passed into the ankle joint are used to move the foot
in the plantar flexion direction. In general, the foot (60) moves
upwards in the range of about 20 to about 50 degrees.
[0052] Turning to FIGS. 8A-8C, a normal walking cycle is
schematically diagramed. Typically, when a person starts naturally
walking, the outer part of his/her heel strikes the ground first
with the foot (60) in a slightly supinated position. FIG. 8A shows
one version of the golf shoe (10) of this invention (right foot)
with the heel portion of the outsole (16) striking the ground
surface first as the golfer starts his/her walking gait. As the
person transfers his/her weight to the inside portion of the foot
(60), the arch of the foot is flattened, and the foot is pressed
downwardly. The foot (60) also starts to rolls slightly inwardly to
a pronated position. In some instances, the foot (60) may roll
inwardly to an excessive degree and this is type of gait is
referred to as over-pronation. In other instances, the foot (60)
does not roll inwardly to a sufficient degree and this is referred
to as under-pronation. FIG. 8B shows the rearward and forward
portion of the outsole (16) making contact with the ground surface.
Normal foot pressure is applied downwardly and the foot (60) starts
to move to a normal pronated position and this helps with shock
absorption. After the foot (60) has reached this neutral position
(FIG. 8B), the person pushes off on the ball of his/her foot and
continues walking (FIG. 8C). At this point, the foot (60) also
rolls slightly outwardly again. In FIG. 8C, the forward portion of
the outsole (16) is shown making contact with the ground surface as
the person pushes off his/her foot and begins their next step. The
golf shoes (10) of this invention have good and yet they also
provide good forefoot flexibility so the golfer can perform his/her
natural walking actions easily and comfortably.
[0053] Mid-Foot Region
[0054] The midsole (14) of the shoe (10) of this invention has many
benefits and advantageous features such as providing cushioning and
support. When walking and playing golf, there are numerous and
varied forces acting on the foot (60) and the different parts of
the shoe (10). For example, downward and upward forces can act on
the midsole (14) during a golf swing. The midsole (14) of this
invention is able to provide consistent comfort and support when
such forces are applied.
[0055] Like the forefoot region (40), the mid-foot region (42) also
contains traction members (25) protruding from the bottom surface
(27) of the outsole (16) to contact the ground. The mid-foot region
(42) contains traction members (25) that help provide high surface
area contact with the ground and prevent the outsole from slipping
and sliding. In one preferred embodiment, the golf shoe (10) of
this invention has five different traction members (25) extending
along the forefoot, mid-foot, and rear-foot regions (40, 42, and
44) of the outsole (16), and these traction members are discussed
in further detail below. Also, the mid-foot region (42) contains a
foot bridge or shank that helps provide high stability and support
and this is also discussed in further detail below.
[0056] As shown in FIG. 9, the golf shoes (10) of this invention
have good torsional stability. That is, the mid-sole (14) and
outsole (16) help provide the shoe (10) with high mechanical
strength and structural integrity and do not allow excessive
twisting or turning of the mid-foot region (42) along Longitudinal
Axis A. The shoe (10) helps provide a stable platform for the
golfer which is particularly important when the golfer is taking
his/her swing and striking the ball.
[0057] During golf, the golfer will often need to place his feet on
non-level surfaces such as surfaces littered with rocks, sticks,
and other debris. This rough terrain can create hard forces on the
foot and create an unstable platform for the golfer. This
instability is particularly a problem difficult when the golfer
needs to address the ball and make a shot. Also, these continuous
stresses can cause ligaments, tendons, and muscles in the foot to
feel sore and even sprain or tear. The golf shoes (10) of the
present invention help address these problems with their improved
stability and support of the foot. The shoe (10) helps provide a
stable platform so the golfer can address the ball and make his/her
swing. The shoe (10) provides this stable platform by resisting
bending in the plantar flex direction. At the same time, the shoe
(10) has good forefoot flexibility and allows for bending in the
dorsal flex direction. Thus, the shoes of this invention provide a
stable platform without sacrificing flexibility. Thus, the golfer
can perform his/her swing on all types of golf course terrain
including surfaces having rough and non-level surfaces as discussed
in more detail below. At the same time, the shoes have good
forefoot flexibility and provide full support allowing the golfer
to walk with his/her natural gait and feel comfortable doing
so.
[0058] Referring to FIGS. 10A-10E, the high stability and traction
of the golf shoes (10) of this invention are shown in more detail
in schematic illustrations. In FIG. 10A, a golfer is shown wearing
the golf shoes (10) of this invention on terrain having a level
surface such as, for example, a fairway on a golf course.
Generally, the fairway is an area on the golf course having grass
that is cut very short and it runs between the tee box and putting
green. The shoe of this invention provides the golfer with high
stability and support on fairways and other substantially level
surfaces. Next, in FIGS. 10B and 10C, the golfer is shown wearing
conventional golf shoes (65) on terrain having a non-level surface
such as, for example, a rough on a golf course. Generally, the
rough is an area on the golf course having higher and thicker
grass. The non-mowed, high grass is outside the boundaries of the
fairway. Often, the rough contains naturally growing and wild
vegetation. These conventional shoes (65) tend to not provide high
stability and support on the rough with its substantially non-level
surfaces. Rather, as shown in more detail in FIG. 10C, these
traditional shoes (65) tend to bend in a concave manner. This
concave bending flex is a problem, because it produces vertical
rear-foot motion during loading and unloading of the golf swing.
Turning next to FIGS. 10D and 10E, the golfer is shown wearing the
golf shoes (10) of this invention on the same non-level rough as
shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B. In this example, however, the golf
shoes (10) of this invention provide high stability and support on
this substantially non-level surface. As shown in more detail in
FIG. 10E, there is no concave bending flex of the shoe (10) when
the golfer is standing on this uneven and rough terrain. This is in
contrast to the concave flex that tends to occur in conventional
shoes (65) as shown in FIG. 10C. As opposed to such conventional
shoes (65), the golf shoes (10) of this invention provide a firm
and stable platform for the golfer. The golf shoes (10) provide
good support of the foot. The unique construction of these shoes
(10) allows the golfer to make his/her swing with minimal or no
rear-foot motion during loading and unloading of the swing.
[0059] Rear-Foot Region
[0060] Like the forefoot (40) and mid-foot (42) regions, the
rear-foot region (44) also contains traction members (25)
protruding from the bottom surface (27) of the outsole (16) to
contact the ground. The rear-foot region (44) is relatively wide.
This relatively large width, particularly in the heel area, further
helps provide the shoe (10) with good stability. The rear-foot
region (44) contains traction members (25) that provide high
surface area contact with the ground and helps prevent the outsole
from slipping and sliding. Maximum contact by the traction members
(25) is maintained in the rear-foot region (44) as well as in the
forefoot (40) and mid-foot (42) regions as discussed above. The
different traction members (25) provide golf-specific traction,
that is, these traction members help control forefoot, mid-foot,
and rear-foot lateral traction, and prevent the foot from slipping
and sliding as the golfer is walking and playing the course.
[0061] Traction Members
[0062] Turning to FIG. 11, one preferred embodiment of the set of
traction members (25) on the outsole (16) is shown in more detail.
A first set of traction members are mounted on Track A which
extends from the periphery (50) of the medial side (48) of the
forefoot (40) and through the mid-foot (42) regions to the
periphery (50) of the lateral side (46) of the rear-foot region
(44). A second set of traction members are mounted on Track B which
extends from the periphery (50) of the lateral side (46) of the
forefoot (40) and through the mid-foot (42) regions to the
periphery (50) of the medial side (48) of the rear-foot region
(44).
[0063] The first set of traction members disposed on Track A can
project outwardly from a plurality of first traction member bases
that are fastened to Track A. The second set of traction members
disposed on Track B can project outwardly from a plurality of first
traction member bases that are fastened to Track B. The traction
members can have various shapes and dimensions, for example,
traction members (70, 72, 74, 76, and 78) can be used as described
in further detail below. The traction members and their supporting
bases (79) are preferably made of a relatively hard material such
as thermoplastic polyurethane or a polyamide composition. The
respective traction member supporting bases (79) can be fastened to
Tracks A and B by stitching, adhesives, or any other suitable
fastening means. The traction members and their respective bases
can have various shapes such as, for example, annular, rectangular,
triangular, square, spherical, elliptical, star, diamond, pyramid,
arrow, conical, blade-like, and rod shapes. The traction members of
Track A and the traction members of Track B can have the same or
different shapes. In one preferred embodiment, at least a portion
of the traction members of Track A and at least a portion of the
traction members of Track B have conical shapes. Tracks A and B are
preferably formed from the material used to make the midsole such
as, for example, EVA or polyurethane foam compositions as discussed
above.
[0064] Thus, the Tracks A and B criss-cross each other in the
mid-foot region (42). When the Tracks A and B cross-over each other
and form an X-shaped pattern, they provide the outsole (16) with a
geometry that resembles the mathematical symbol for infinity
(.infin.). The Tracks A and B generally have a width of about 2 to
about 6 mm. The width of the Tracks may vary along the contour of
the outsole (16) and change from the forefoot to mid-foot to
rear-foot regions (40, 42, and 44).
[0065] The Tracks A and B form an X-shaped pattern in the mid-foot
region (42). This X-shaped structure and infinity (.infin.)
geometry helps to provide greater bending stiffness in the shank
(footbridge) (66) for the shoe outsole (16). This precise geometric
structure also helps provide the shoes (10) with good torsional
stability. This infinity (.infin.) geometry and X-shaped structure
(66) in the mid-foot region helps provide the shoe (10) with high
mechanical strength and structural integrity and do not allow
excessive twisting or turning of the shoe. The X-shaped footbridge
(66) forms a bridge between the forefoot and rear-foot regions (40,
44) and helps support the mid-foot region (42). Also, in a
preferred embodiment, mid-foot stability traction pieces (83, 85)
are respectively positioned on the lateral (46) and medial (48)
peripheral sides of the mid-foot region (42) and are adjacent to
the footbridge (66). The mid-foot stability traction pieces (83,
85) are not positioned on Tracks A and B; rather, these stability
traction pieces (83, 85) are disposed on the outsole between Tracks
A and B. A third set of traction members (87) project outwardly
from the first traction piece (83), and a fourth set of traction
members (89) project outwardly from the second traction piece (85).
These stability traction pieces (83, 85) and their respective
protruding traction members (87, 89) further help provide torsional
stability. These stability traction pieces (83, 85) and traction
members (87, 89) help provide rigidity to the shoe without
sacrificing shoe forefoot flexibility.
[0066] In the center of the X-shaped footbridge (66), a logo (81)
may be placed. One preferred material for forming the visible logo
(81) is thermoplastic polyurethane. The logo (81) may be covered
and protected by a transparent polyurethane film. The strengthened
shank (footbridge) (66) helps impart rigidity and structural
support to the outsole. In turn, this outsole (16), with its high
mechanical strength properties, gives the golfer more stability and
balance while walking and playing the course.
[0067] As noted above, the traction members on the outsole (16) can
have many different shapes including for example, but not limited
to, annular, rectangular, triangular, square, spherical,
elliptical, star, diamond, pyramid, arrow, conical, blade-like, and
rod shapes. Also, the height and area of the traction members can
vary. In the embodiment of the outsole shown in FIG. 2, these
traction members include a Type 1 traction member (70) having a
conical structure that can be referred to as a "medium-sized cone."
The Type 2 traction member (72) also has a conical structure and
can be referred to as a "small-sized cone." The Type 3 traction
member (74) has a herringbone structure and can be referred to as a
"herringbone." The Type 4 traction member (76) has a conical shape
and can be referred to as a "pivot cone." The Type 5 traction
member (78) also has a conical structure and can be referred to as
a "locking cone." The traction members (70, 72, 74, 76, and 78) and
their supporting bases (79) are preferably made of a relatively
hard material such as thermoplastic polyurethane. Also, as shown in
FIG. 11, the golf shoe contains a thermoplastic polyurethane bridge
(80) connecting the traction member bases (79). The outsole (16)
also can contain stability ridges (82) in its central area. These
stability ridges (82) are not positioned on Tracks A and B; rather,
they are disposed between Tracks A and B. The outsole (16) in the
shoe of this invention has a greater number of traction members
(25) as opposed to many conventional golf shoes and this large
volume of traction members helps provide high traction and good
ground contact. In addition, as discussed above, the outsole (16)
has a wider heel area versus many conventional golf shoes and this
feature helps provide high stability.
[0068] Furthermore, as discussed above and shown in FIGS. 3-7, the
lower region (30) of the midsole (14) is preferably made of a
relatively hard material such as a second foamed EVA composition
with high durometer. This lower region (30) of the midsole (14)
forms the sidewalls of the midsole (14) and these firm, strong
sidewalls help hold and support the medial and lateral sides of the
golfer's foot as they shift their weight when making a golf shot.
This build-up of material in the lower region (30) also helps
support the mid-foot region (42), where the X-shaped footbridge
(66) structure is located.
[0069] The resulting shoe (10) has an optimum combination of
structural rigidity and flexibility. A golfer wearing the shoe can
comfortably walk and play the course. The golfer does not need to
spend excessive time and energy on adjusting their shoes, which can
occur with some conventional shoes. This fiddling of the shoes can
lead to golfer fatigue and negatively affect playing performance on
the golf course. Rather, the golf shoe (10) of this invention can
be worn freely and naturally. The shoe (10) has high forefoot
flexibility, and yet it does not sacrifice stability, traction, and
other important properties as discussed above. The unique geometry
and structure of the upper (12), midsole (14), and outsole (16)
including the traction members (25) provides the golfer with a shoe
having many beneficial properties.
[0070] It should be understood that the above-described shoe
construction which generally includes: a) an upper (12); b) an
outsole (16) having five different traction members; and c) a
midsole (14) connecting the upper (12) and outsole (16), wherein
the midsole comprises i) an upper region formed from a first
material; and ii) a lower region formed from a second material such
that the material hardness of the second material is greater than
the material hardness of the first material, represents only one
example of a shoe construction of this invention.
[0071] As discussed above, the unique midsole (14) structure made
from two different materials such as, two foamed EVA materials,
helps provide the golfer with high stability and balance on various
surfaces. However, it is recognized that other midsole and shoe
structures can be used without departing from the spirit and scope
of the present invention.
[0072] For example, in another embodiment of the midsole
construction, a fiber-reinforced composite plate is disposed in the
midsole. More particularly, as shown in the exploded view of FIG.
12, in this example, the midsole contains a fiber-reinforced
composite plate (32) disposed between the upper and lower regions
(28, 30) of the midsole (14). This example of the shoe (10)
containing the fiber-reinforced composite plate (32) has relatively
more structural rigidity than the shoe example described above.
However, all of the embodiments of the shoe (10) of this invention
provided high stability and traction. The shoes of this invention
are able to hold and support the medial and lateral sides of the
golfer's foot as they shift their weight while making a golf shot.
The shoes help provide the golfer with a stable platform so that
he/she can keep their balance when making shots on the course. The
shoes provide high structural support to the golfer, and yet they
do not sacrifice flexibility, traction, and other golf-performance
properties. Thus, the golfer can walk and play the course and
engage in other golf activities comfortably.
[0073] The different embodiments of the golf shoes of this
invention provide both a high level of stability and traction as
well as a high level of forefoot flexibility. The shoe provides
stability and traction so there is no slipping and the golfer can
stay balanced as he/she swings the club. At the same time, the shoe
has good flexibility so the golfer is able to walk and play the
course and engage in other golf activities comfortably. Referring
back to FIGS. 9 and 10A-10E, the high stability and traction of the
golf shoes (10) of this invention are illustrated.
[0074] When numerical lower limits and numerical upper limits are
set forth herein, it is contemplated that any combination of these
values may be used. Other than in the operating examples, or unless
otherwise expressly specified, all of the numerical ranges,
amounts, values and percentages such as those for amounts of
materials and others in the specification may be read as if
prefaced by the word "about" even though the term "about" may not
expressly appear with the value, amount or range. Accordingly,
unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set
forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations
that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be
obtained by the present invention.
[0075] It also should be understood the terms, "first", "second",
"third", "top", "bottom", "upper", "lower", "downward", "right`,
"left", "middle" "proximal", "distal", "lateral", "medial",
"anterior", "posterior", and the like are arbitrary terms used to
refer to one position of an element based on one perspective and
should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
[0076] All patents, publications, test procedures, and other
references cited herein, including priority documents, are fully
incorporated by reference to the extent such disclosure is not
inconsistent with this invention and for all jurisdictions in which
such incorporation is permitted. It is understood that the shoe
materials, designs, and structures; shoe components; and shoe
assemblies and sub-assemblies described and illustrated herein
represent only some embodiments of the invention. It is appreciated
by those skilled in the art that various changes and additions can
be made to such products and materials without departing from the
spirit and scope of this invention. It is intended that all such
embodiments be covered by the appended claims.
* * * * *