U.S. patent application number 16/797970 was filed with the patent office on 2020-12-03 for sharing data in a data exchange using listings.
The applicant listed for this patent is Snowflake Inc.. Invention is credited to Pui Kei Johnston Chu, Benoit Dageville, Matthew J. Glickman, Christian Kleinerman, Prasanna Krishnan, Justin Langseth.
Application Number | 20200380008 16/797970 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004659383 |
Filed Date | 2020-12-03 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200380008 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chu; Pui Kei Johnston ; et
al. |
December 3, 2020 |
SHARING DATA IN A DATA EXCHANGE USING LISTINGS
Abstract
A data warehouse storing databases for a plurality of users,
including service providers hosting data for other users of the
data warehouse may implement a data exchange. The data warehouse to
verify identity of users and execute instructions with respect to
databases of the data warehouse.
Inventors: |
Chu; Pui Kei Johnston; (San
Mateo, CA) ; Dageville; Benoit; (Foster City, CA)
; Glickman; Matthew J.; (Larchmont, NY) ;
Kleinerman; Christian; (Burlingame, CA) ; Krishnan;
Prasanna; (Palo Alto, CA) ; Langseth; Justin;
(Kailua, HI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Snowflake Inc. |
San Mateo |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004659383 |
Appl. No.: |
16/797970 |
Filed: |
February 21, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
16428592 |
May 31, 2019 |
|
|
|
16797970 |
|
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|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F 21/6218 20130101;
G06F 16/254 20190101; G06F 16/2456 20190101 |
International
Class: |
G06F 16/25 20060101
G06F016/25; G06F 21/62 20060101 G06F021/62; G06F 16/2455 20060101
G06F016/2455 |
Claims
1. A method comprising: providing a data warehouse executing on a
cloud computing platform, the data warehouse managing a plurality
of databases, each database of the plurality of databases having an
owner, the data warehouse implementing access controls for the
owner of each database of the plurality of database; creating, by
one or more processors, a first listing in an exchange, the first
listing created by a first user account that is the owner of a
first database of the plurality of databases, and the listing
referencing the first database and specifying private
identity-based sharing of the first database; creating a reference
database comprising a relational database view referencing data in
the first database; and adding, by a second user account, the first
listing to a set of consumed data shares accessible by the second
user account by adding a reference to the reference database to the
set of consumed data shares accessible by the second user account,
wherein queries from the second user account are processed using
the reference database.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: performing a database
operation including joining the first database with a second
database to obtain a result.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: creating a second
listing in the exchange, the second listing referencing the
result.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the database operation further
includes joining the first database and the second database to one
or more additional databases.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the database operation further
includes performing an aggregation with respect to any of the first
database, the second database, and the result.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the database operation further
includes performing an analysis with respect to any of the first
database, the second database, and the result.
7. The method of claim 2, further comprising providing the result
to one or more of a plurality of user accounts.
8. The method of claim 3, further comprising providing the second
listing to one or more of a plurality of user accounts.
9. A system, comprising: a memory; and one or more processors
operatively coupled to the memory, the one or more processors to:
execute on a cloud computing platform, a data warehouse managing a
plurality of databases, each database of the plurality of databases
having an owner, the data warehouse implementing access controls
for the owner of each database of the plurality of database;
create, by a first user account that is the owner of a first
database of the plurality of databases, a first listing in an
exchange, the listing referencing the first database and specifying
private identity-based sharing of the first database; create a
reference database comprising a relational database view
referencing data in the first database; and add, by a second user
account, the first listing to a set of consumed data shares
accessible by the second user account by adding a reference to the
reference database to the set of consumed data shares accessible by
the second user account, wherein queries from the second user
account are processed using the reference database.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are
further to: perform a database operation including joining the
first database with a second database to obtain a result.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are
further to: create a second listing in the exchange, the second
listing referencing the result.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein to perform the database
operation, the one or more processors are further to join the first
database and the second database to one or more additional
databases.
13. The system of claim 10, wherein to perform the database
operation, the one or more processors are further to perform an
aggregation with respect to any of the first database, the second
database, and the result.
14. The system of claim 10, wherein to perform the database
operation, the one or more processors are further to perform an
analysis with respect to any of the first database, the second
database, and the result.
15. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are
further to provide the result to one or more of a plurality of user
accounts.
16. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are
further to provide the second listing to one or more of a plurality
of user accounts.
17. A non-transitory computer-readable media having instructions
stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause
the one or more processors to: provide a data warehouse that
executes a cloud computing platform and manages a plurality of
databases and implements access controls for each owner of each
database of the plurality of databases; create, by the one or more
processors, a first listing in an exchange using a first user
account that is the owner of a first database of the plurality of
databases, the listing referencing the first database and
specifying private identity-based sharing of the first database;
create a reference database comprising a relational database view
referencing data in the first database; and add, by a second user
account, the first listing to a set of consumed data shares
accessible by the second user account by adding a reference to the
reference database to the set of consumed data shares accessible by
the second user account, wherein queries from the second user
account are processed using the reference database.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17, wherein
the one or more processors are further to: perform a database
operation including joining the first database with a second
database to obtain a result.
19. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 18, wherein
the one or more processors are further to: create a second listing
in the exchange, the second listing referencing the result.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 18, wherein
to perform the database operation, the one or more processors are
further to join the first database and the second database to one
or more additional databases.
21. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 18, wherein
to perform the database operation, the one or more processors are
further to perform an aggregation with respect to any of the first
database, the second database, and the result.
22. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 18, wherein
to perform the database operation, the one or more processors are
further to perform an analysis with respect to any of the first
database, the second database, and the result.
23. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 18, wherein
the one or more processors are further to provide the result to one
or more of a plurality of user accounts.
24. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 19, wherein
the one or more processors are further to provide the second
listing to one or more of a plurality of user accounts.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 16/428,592, filed May 31, 2019, the entire contents of which
are hereby incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to resource management
systems and methods that manage data storage and computing
resources.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The amount of data generated on a daily basis is astounding.
In a diverse ecosystem of many service providers, merchants,
customers, data repositories, and other entities, there are many
sources of data. Data science applications and machine learning
techniques are able to use data to provide insights, detect
anomalies, and perform other useful functions. However, these
techniques are limited by the amount of data available and the
subject matter areas represented by the available data.
[0004] It would be an advancement in the art to improve the
availability of data for use in such applications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0005] Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the present
disclosure are described with reference to the following figures,
wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the
various figures unless otherwise specified.
[0006] FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting an example computing
environment in which the methods disclosed herein may be
implemented.
[0007] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of data that may be used
to implement a data exchange in accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention;
[0008] FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of components for
implementing a data exchange in accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention.
[0009] FIG. 4A is a process flow diagram of a method for controlled
sharing of data among entities in a data exchange in accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0010] FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating data used for implementing
private sharing of data in accordance with an embodiment of the
present invention;
[0011] FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating a secure view for
implementing private sharing of data in accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0012] FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of a method for public
sharing of data among entities in a data exchange in accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0013] FIG. 6 is a process flow diagram of a method for performing
bi-directional shares in a data exchange in accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0014] FIG. 7 is a process flow diagram of a method for providing
enriched data in a data exchange in accordance with an embodiment
of the present invention;
[0015] FIG. 8 is a block diagram depicting an example computing
device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] In the following description, reference is made to the
accompanying drawings that form a part thereof, and in which is
shown by way of illustration specific exemplary embodiments in
which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are
described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art
to practice the concepts disclosed herein, and it is to be
understood that modifications to the various disclosed embodiments
may be made, and other embodiments may be utilized, without
departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following
detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting
sense.
[0017] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment,"
"an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" means that a
particular feature, structure or characteristic described in
connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least
one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, appearances of the
phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," "one example" or
"an example" in various places throughout this specification are
not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. In
addition, it should be appreciated that the figures provided
herewith are for explanation purposes to persons ordinarily skilled
in the art and that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to
scale.
[0018] Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure may be
embodied as an apparatus, method or computer program product.
Accordingly, the present disclosure may take the form of an
entirely hardware-comprised embodiment, an entirely
software-comprised embodiment (including firmware, resident
software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and
hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a
"circuit," "module" or "system." Furthermore, embodiments of the
present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product
embodied in any tangible medium of expression having
computer-usable program code embodied in the medium.
[0019] Any combination of one or more computer-usable or
computer-readable media may be utilized. For example, a
computer-readable medium may include one or more of a portable
computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM)
device, a read-only memory (ROM) device, an erasable programmable
read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) device, a portable compact
disc read-only memory (CDROM), an optical storage device, and a
magnetic storage device. Computer program code for carrying out
operations of the present disclosure may be written in any
combination of one or more programming languages. Such code may be
compiled from source code to computer-readable assembly language or
machine code suitable for the device or computer on which the code
will be executed.
[0020] Embodiments may also be implemented in cloud computing
environments. In this description and the following claims, "cloud
computing" may be defined as a model for enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned via
virtualization and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction and then scaled accordingly. A cloud
model can be composed of various characteristics (e.g., on-demand
self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid
elasticity, and measured service), service models (e.g., Software
as a Service ("SaaS"), Platform as a Service ("PaaS"), and
Infrastructure as a Service ("IaaS")), and deployment models (e.g.,
private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, and hybrid
cloud).
[0021] The flow diagrams and block diagrams in the attached figures
illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of
possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program
products according to various embodiments of the present
disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flow diagrams or
block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code,
which comprises one or more executable instructions for
implementing the specified logical function(s). It will also be
noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flow diagrams,
and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flow
diagrams, may be implemented by special purpose hardware-based
systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or
combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a
computer-readable medium that can direct a computer or other
programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular
manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable
medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction
means which implement the function/act specified in the flow
diagram and/or block diagram block or blocks.
[0022] The systems and methods described herein provide a flexible
and scalable data warehouse using a new data processing platform.
In some embodiments, the described systems and methods leverage a
cloud infrastructure that supports cloud-based storage resources,
computing resources, and the like. Example cloud-based storage
resources offer significant storage capacity available on-demand at
a low cost. Further, these cloud-based storage resources may be
fault-tolerant and highly scalable, which can be costly to achieve
in private data storage systems. Example cloud-based computing
resources are available on-demand and may be priced based on actual
usage levels of the resources. Typically, the cloud infrastructure
is dynamically deployed, reconfigured, and decommissioned in a
rapid manner.
[0023] In the described systems and methods, a data storage system
utilizes an SQL (Structured Query Language)-based relational
database. However, these systems and methods are applicable to any
type of database, and any type of data storage and retrieval
platform, using any data storage architecture and using any
language to store and retrieve data within the data storage and
retrieval platform. The systems and methods described herein
further provide a multi-tenant system that supports isolation of
computing resources and data between different customers/clients
and between different users within the same customer/client.
[0024] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example computing
environment 100 in which the systems and methods disclosed herein
may be implemented. In particular, a cloud computing platform 102
may be implemented, such as AMAZON WEB SERVICES (AWS), MICROSOFT
AZURE, GOOGLE CLOUD, or the like. As known in the art, a cloud
computing platform 102 provides computing resources and storage
resources that may be acquired (purchased) and configured to
execute applications and store data.
[0025] The cloud computing platform 102 may execute a data
warehouse module 104 that provides both storage of data, e.g. data
management and access, and analysis functions, e.g. SQL queries,
analysis, and other computation capabilities. For example, the data
warehouse module 104 may be a data warehouse implemented by
SNOWFLAKE. The data warehouse module 104 may execute on the cloud
computing platform 102, a different cloud computing platform, or a
different server that interfaces with the cloud computing platform
102 to perform data warehouse functions on the cloud computing
platform.
[0026] Note that there may be instances of data warehouse modules
104 executing on multiple cloud computing platforms 102. These
instances of data warehouse modules 104 may communicate with one
another in order to coordinate a data exchange according to the
methods disclosed herein across the multiple cloud computing
platforms.
[0027] The data warehouse module 104 may host or access an exchange
management module 106 that facilitates the sharing of data among
different users. For example, the data warehouse module 104 may
manage the storage and access of a database 108 storing various
instances of user data 110 for different users, e.g. different
enterprises or individuals. The user data may include a user
database 112 of data stored and accessed by that user.
[0028] The user database 112 may be subject to access control such
that only the owner of the data is allowed to change and access the
database 112 upon authenticating with the data warehouse module
104. For example, data in the database 112 may be encrypted such
that it can only be decrypted using decryption information
possessed by the owner of the data. Using the exchange management
module 106, specific data from a user database 112 that is subject
to these access controls may be shared with other users in a
controlled manner according to the methods disclosed herein. In
particular, a user may specify shares 114 that may be shared to the
public in an uncontrolled manner or shared with specific other
users in a controlled manner as described above. The user data 110
may also specify consumed shares 116 that are shares 114 of other
users that the user has obtained access to.
[0029] Note that when a first user adds data to the consumed shares
116 of the first user, the data of the consumed shares 116 is not
copied to the user data 110 of the first user. Instead, the
consumed share 116 is a reference to the shared data in the user
data 110 of a second user, which is then accessed as requested by
the first user, subject to controls imposed by the second user. If
the data referenced by a consumed share 116 is changed by the
second user, the first user will be able to access this modified
data (subject to any access controls) since both users use the same
version of the data.
[0030] Shared data may then be used to process SQL queries, such as
joins, aggregations, or other analysis. In some instances, the
second user may define a share 114 such that only "secure joins"
are permitted to be performed with respect to the shared data. A
secure join may be performed such that analysis may be performed
with respect to shared data but the actual shared data is not
accessible by the first user. A secure join may be performed as
described in U.S. application Ser. No. 16/368,339, filed Mar. 18,
2019, and entitled SECURE DATA JOINS IN A MULTIPLE TENANT DATABASE
SYSTEM, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety.
[0031] The cloud computing platform 102 may implement a service
module 118, such as software as a service (SaaS) platform (e.g.,
SALESFORCE). The service module 118 may be independent of the data
warehouse module 104, e.g. operated by a different entity.
Accordingly, the service module 118 may be a user of the data
warehouse module 104. The service module 118 may define various
interfaces by which users of the service module 118 may access it.
For example, an authentication interface 120 may enable users to
authenticate with respect to the service module 118, such as by
means of login information (username and password), certificate,
token, or other authentication information.
[0032] The service module 118 may create and/or access a service
database 128 that stores user data 130 that is generated and used
by users according to the functionality implemented by the service
module 118. Accordingly, user data 130 may be owned by a particular
user such that access of the data 130 of a particular user is only
permitted by the service module 118 upon authentication by way of
the authentication interface 120.
[0033] In some embodiments, the service database 128 is implemented
and managed by the data warehouse module 104, such that reading and
writing of data to the database 128 is performed by way of an
interface defined by the data warehouse module 104.
[0034] In the illustrated configuration, the service module 118 and
data warehouse module 104 reside in the same cloud computing
platform 102. In other embodiments, the service module 118 executes
on a different cloud computing platform or on a separate server
system.
[0035] User devices 126, such as laptop computers, desktop
computers, mobile phones, tablet computers, or other computing
devices may be used to access the data warehouse module 104 or
service module 118 by way of a network 127, such as the
Internet.
[0036] In the description below, actions are ascribed to users,
particularly consumers and providers. Such actions shall be
understood to be performed with respect to devices 126 operated by
such users. For example, notification to a user may be understood
to be a notification transmitted to a device 126, an input or
instruction from a user may be understood to be received by way of
the user's device 126, and interaction with an interface by a user
shall be understood to be interaction with the interface on the
user's device 126. In addition, database operations (joining,
aggregating, analysis, etc.) ascribed to a user (consumer or
provider) shall be understood to include performing of such actions
by the data warehouse module 104 in response to an instruction from
that user.
[0037] Referring to FIG. 2, the exchange management module 106 may
operate with respect to some or all of the illustrated exchange
data 200, which may be stored on the platform executing the
exchange management module 106 (e.g., the cloud computing platform
102) or at some other location.
[0038] The exchange data 200 may include a plurality of listings
202 describing data that is shared by a first user ("the
provider"). A listing 202 may include metadata 204 describing the
shared data. The metadata 204 may include some or all of the
following information: [0039] An identifier of the sharer of the
shared data [0040] A uniform resource locator (URL) of the sharer
of the shared data [0041] A name of the share [0042] A name of a
table (may include a schema and view of a schema for shared table)
[0043] A category to which the shared data belongs [0044] An update
frequency of the shared data [0045] A catalog of the table [0046] A
number of columns and a number of rows [0047] Names of columns or
rows [0048] An example table (e.g., sample of rows and columns of
the table) [0049] Example queries that could be run against the
table [0050] Example views of the table [0051] Example graphs,
visualizations, or dashboards based on data in the table [0052]
Metadata for use by business intelligence tools, such as looker
blocks [0053] A text (prose) description of the data contained in
the table [0054] A list of keywords describing the table to
facilitate searching [0055] A link (e.g., URL) to documentation
relating to the shared data [0056] A refresh interval indicating
how frequently the shared data is updated [0057] The date the data
was last updated.
[0058] The listing 202 may include access controls 206. For
example, access controls 206 may indicate that the shared data is
available to the public without restriction (an "any share" as used
elsewhere herein). The access controls 206 may specify a class of
users (members of a particular group or organization) that are
allowed to access the data. The access controls 206 may specify
that a "point-to-point" share (see discussion of FIG. 4) in which
users may request access but are only allowed access upon approval
of the provider. The access controls 206 may specify a set of user
identifiers of users that are excluded from being able to access
the data referenced by the listing 202.
[0059] Note that some listings 202 may be discoverable by users
without authentication or access permissions whereas actual
accesses are only permitted after a subsequent authentication step
(see discussion of FIGS. 4 and 6). The access controls 206 may
specify that a listing 202 is only discoverable by specific users
or classes of users.
[0060] Note also that a default function for listings 202 is that
the data referenced by the share is not exportable by the consumer.
Alternatively, the access controls 206 may specify that this not
permitted. For example, access controls 206 may specify that only
secure operations (secure joins and secure functions as discussed
below) may be performed with respect to the shared data such that
viewing and exporting of the shared data is not permitted.
[0061] In some embodiments, once a user is authenticated with
respect to a listing 202, a reference to that user (e.g., user
identifier of the user's account with the data warehouse module
104) is added to the access controls 206 such that the user will
subsequently be able to access the data referenced by the listing
202 without further authentication.
[0062] The listing 202 may define one or more filters 208. For
example, the filters 208 may define specific user identifiers 214
of users that may view references to the listing 202 when browsing
the catalog 220. The filters 208 may define a class of users (users
of a certain profession, users associated with a particular company
or organization, users within a particular geographical area or
country) that may view references to the listing 202 when browsing
the catalog 220. In this manner, a private exchange may be
implemented by the exchange management module 106 using the same
components. In some embodiments, an excluded user that is excluded
from accessing a listing 202, i.e. adding the listing 202 to the
consumed shares 116 of the excluded user, may still be permitted to
view a representation of the listing when browsing the catalog 220
and may further be permitted to request access to the listing 202
as discussed below. Requests to access a listing by such excluded
users and other users may be listed in an interface presented to
the provider of the listing 202. The provider of the listing 202
may then view demand for access to the listing and choose to expand
the filters 208 to permit access to excluded users or classes of
excluded users (e.g., users in excluded geographic regions or
countries).
[0063] Filters 208 may further define what data may be viewed by a
user. In particular, filters 208 may indicate that a user that
selects a listing 202 to add to the consumed shares 116 of the user
is permitted to access the data referenced by the listing but only
a filtered version that only includes data associated with the
identifier 214 of that user, associated with that user's
organization, or specific to some other classification of the user.
In some embodiments, a private exchange is by invitation: users
invited by a provider to view listings 202 of a private exchange
are enabled to do by the exchange management module upon
communicating acceptance of an invitation received from the
provider.
[0064] In some embodiments, a listing 202 may be addressed to a
single user. Accordingly, a reference to the listing 202 may be
added to a set of "pending shares" that is viewable by the user.
The listing 202 is added to the consumed shares 116 of the user
upon the user communicating approval to the exchange management
module 106.
[0065] The listing 202 may further include usage data 210. For
example, the data warehouse module 104 may implement a credit
system in which credits are purchased by a user and are consumed
each time a user runs a query, stores data, or uses other services
implemented by the data warehouse module 104. Accordingly, usage
data 210 may record an amount of credits consumed by accessing the
shared data. Usage data 210 may include other data such as a number
of queries, a number of aggregations of each type of a plurality of
types performed against the shared data, or other usage statistics.
In some embodiments, usage data for a listing 202 or multiple
listings 202 of a user is provided to the user in the form of a
shared database, i.e. a reference to a database including the usage
data is added by the exchange management module 106 to the consumed
shares 116 of the user.
[0066] The exchange data 200 may further include user records 212.
The user record 212 may include data identifying the user
associated with the user record 212, e.g. an identifier (e.g.,
warehouse identifier) of a user having user data 110 managed by the
data warehouse module 104.
[0067] The user record 212 may list shares 114 of the user, e.g.,
reference listings 202 created by the user. The user record 212 may
list shares 116 consumed by the user, e.g. reference listings 202
created by another user and that have been associated to the
account of the user according to the methods described herein. For
example, a listing 202 may have an identifier that will be used to
reference it in the shares 114 or consumed shares 116 of a user
record 212.
[0068] The exchange data 200 may further include a catalog 220. The
catalog 220 may include a listing of all available listings 202 and
may include an index of data from the metadata 204 to facilitate
browsing and searching according to the methods described herein.
In some embodiments, listings 202 are stored in the catalog in the
form of JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) objects.
[0069] Note that where there a multiple instances of the data
warehouse module 104 on different cloud computing platforms, the
catalog 220 of one instance of the data warehouse module 104 may
store listings or references to listings from other instances on
one or more other cloud computing platforms 102. Accordingly, each
listing 202 may be globally unique (e.g., be assigned a globally
unique identifier across all of the instances of the data warehouse
module 104). For example, the instances of the data warehouse
modules 104 may synchronize their copies of the catalog 220 such
that each copy indicates the listings 102 available from all
instances of the data warehouse module 104. In some instances, a
provider of a listing 202 may specify that it is to be available on
only on specified on or more computing platforms 102.
[0070] In some embodiments, the catalog 220 is made available on
the Internet such that it is searchable by a search engine such as
BING or GOOGLE. The catalog may be subject to a search engine
optimization (SEO) algorithm to promote its visibility. Potential
consumers may therefore browse the catalog 220 from any web
browser. The exchange management module 106 may expose uniform
resource locators (URLs) linked to each listing 202. This URL may
be searchable can be shared outside of any interface implemented by
the exchange management module 106. For example, the provider of a
listing 202 may publish the URLs for its listings 202 in order to
promote usage of its listing 202 and its brand.
[0071] FIG. 3 illustrates various components 300-310 that may be
included in the exchange management module 106. A creation module
300 may provide an interface for creating listings 202. For
example, a webpage interface to the data warehouse module 104 that
enables a user on a device 126 to select data, e.g. a specific
table in user data 110 of the user, for sharing and enter values
defining some or all of the metadata 204, access controls 206, and
filters 208. In some embodiments, creation may be performed by a
user by way of SQL commands in an SQL interpreter executing on the
cloud computing platform 102 and accessed by way of a webpage
interface on a user device 126.
[0072] A validation module 302 may validate information provided by
a provider when attempting to create a listing 202. Note that in
some embodiments the actions ascribed to the validation module 302
may be performed by a human reviewing the information provided by
the provider. In other embodiments, these actions are performed
automatically. The validation module 302 may perform, or facilitate
performing by a human operator, some or all of: [0073] Verifying
that the metadata 204 is consistent, e.g. that the shared data
referenced and any other information describing the shared data are
consistent. [0074] Verifying that the shared data referenced by the
metadata 204 is not pirated data, personal identification
information (PII), personal health information (PHI), or other data
for which sharing is undesirable or illegal. [0075] Verifying that
the data is fresh and is updated within a reasonable period of time
(e.g., at least daily) [0076] Verifying that the data is not a
static (i.e., is not available from other static public sources).
[0077] Verify that the data is more than just a sample, i.e. is
sufficiently complete to be useful. For example, geographically
limited data may be undesirable whereas an aggregation of data that
is not otherwise limited may still be of use.
[0078] The exchange management module 106 may include a search
module 304. The search module 304 may implement a webpage interface
that is accessible by a user on a user device 126 in order to
invoke searches for search strings with respect to the metadata in
the catalog 220, receive responses to searches, and select
references to listings 202 in search results for adding to the
consumed shares 116 of the user record 212 of the user performing
the search. In some embodiments, searches may be performed by a
user by way of SQL commands in an SQL interpreter executing on the
cloud computing platform 102 and accessed by way of a webpage
interface on a user device 126. For example, searching for shares
may be performed by way of SQL queries against the catalog 220
within the SQL engine 310 discussed below.
[0079] The search module 304 may further implement a recommendation
algorithm. For example, the recommendation algorithm could
recommend other listing 202 for a user based on other listings in
the user's consumed shares 116 or formerly in the user's consumed
shares. Recommendations could be based on logical similarity: one
source of weather data leads to a recommendation for a second
source of weather data. Recommendations could be based on
dissimilarity: one listing is for data in one domain (geographic
area, technical field, etc.) results in a listing for a different
domain to facilitate complete coverage by the user's analysis
(different geographic area, related technical field, etc.).
[0080] The exchange management module 106 may include an access
management module 306. As described above, a user may add a listing
202. This may require authentication with respect to the provider
of the listing 202. Once a listing 202 is added to the consumed
shares 116 of the user record 212 of a user, the user may be either
(a) required to authenticate each time the data referenced by the
listing 202 is accessed or (b) be automatically authenticated and
allowed to access the data once the listing 202 is added. The
access management module 306 may manage automatic authentication
for subsequent access of data in the consumed shares 116 of a user
in order to provide seamless access of the shared data as if it was
part of the user data 110 of that user. To that end, the access
management module 306 may access access controls 206 of the listing
202, certificates, tokens, or other authentication material in
order to authenticate the user when performing accesses to shared
data.
[0081] The exchange management module 106 may include a joining
module 308. The joining module 308 manages the integration of
shared data referenced by consumed shares 116 of a user with one
another, i.e. shared data from different providers, and with a user
database 112 of data owned by the user. In particular, the joining
module 308 may manage the execution of queries and other
computation functions with respect to these various sources of data
such that their access is transparent to the user. The joining
module 308 may further manage the access of data to enforce
restrictions on shared data, e.g. such that analysis may be
performed and the results of the analysis displayed without
exposing the underlying data to the consumer of the data where this
restriction is indicated by the access controls 206 of a listing
202.
[0082] The exchange management module 106 may further include a
standard query language (SQL) engine 310 that is programmed to
receive queries from a user and execute the query with respect to
data referenced by the query, which may include consumed shares 116
of the user and the user data 112 owned by the user. The SQL engine
310 may perform any query processing functionality known in the
art. The SQL engine 310 may additionally or alternatively include
any other database management tool or data analysis tool known in
the art. The SQL engine 310 may define a webpage interface
executing on the cloud computing platform 102 through which SQL
queries are input and responses to SQL queries are presented
[0083] Referring to FIG. 4A, the illustrated method 400 may be
executed by the exchange management module 106 in order to
implement a point-to-point share between a first user ("provider
402") and a second user ("consumer 404").
[0084] The method 400 may include the provider entering 406
metadata. This may include a user on a device 126 of the provider
entering the metadata into fields of a form in a webpage provided
by the exchange management module 106. In some embodiments,
entering 406 of metadata may be made using SQL commands by way of
the SQL engine 310. The items of metadata may include some or all
of those discussed above with respect to the metadata 204 of a
listing 202. Step 406 may include receiving other data for a
listing 202, such as access controls 206 and parameters defining a
filter 208.
[0085] The provider 402 may then invoke, on the device 126,
submission of the form and the data entered.
[0086] The exchange management module 106 may then verify 408 the
metadata and validate 410 the data referenced by the metadata. This
may include performing some or all of the actions ascribed to the
validation module 302.
[0087] If the metadata and shared data are not successfully
verified 408 and validated 410, the exchange management module 106
may notify the provider 402, such as by means of a notification
through the web interface through which the metadata was submitted
at step 406.
[0088] If the metadata and shared data are not successfully
verified 408 and validated 410, the exchange management module 106
may notify the provider 402, such as by way of the web interface
through which the metadata was submitted at step 406.
[0089] The exchange management module 106 may further create 412 a
listing 202 including the data submitted at step 406 and may
further create an entry in the catalog 220. For example, keywords,
descriptive text, and other items of information in the metadata
may be indexed to facilitate searching.
[0090] Note that steps 406-412 may be performed by means of
interface provided to the provider 402. Such an interface may
include such things as: [0091] Interface elements for inputting the
data (some or all of elements 204-210) a listing 202 and invoking
addition of the listing 202 to the catalog 220. [0092] An interface
element to invoke unpublishing of the listing 202 (e.g. making
non-viewable to other users). [0093] Edit metadata 204 of a listing
and change to a newer version or rollback to a prior version of the
metadata 204. [0094] An interface element to view a rendering of a
listing 202 as it will be represented to consumers 404. [0095] A
listing of pending requests to add a listing 202 along with
interface elements to invoke approval of a request to add the
listing 202, deny a request to add the listing 202 [0096] An
interface element to invoke revocation of permission to add a
listing 202 to a consumer 404 that has previously been approved to
add a listing or remove all access to a listing 202 to all
consumers 404. [0097] A representation of a number and identity of
consumers 404 that have added a listing 202 of the provider 402.
[0098] A representation of usage patterns of the data referenced by
a listing 202 by all consumers 404 or specific consumers 404 of
that listing 202.
[0099] Another user acting as a consumer 404 may then browse 414
the catalog. This may include accessing a publicly accessible
webpage providing a search interface to the catalog. This webpage
may be external to the data warehouse module 104, i.e. accessible
by users that are not logged into the data warehouse module 104. In
other embodiments, only users that are logged in to the data
warehouse module 104 are able to access the search interface. As
noted above, browsing of the catalog 220 may be performed using
queries to the SQL engine 310 that reference the catalog 220. For
example, a user device 126 may have a web-based interface to the
SQL engine 310 through which queries against the catalog 220 are
input by the consumer 404 and transmitted to the SQL engine
310.
[0100] In response to the consumer's browsing activities, the
exchange management module 106 may display the catalog and perform
416 searches with respect to the catalog to identify listings 202
having metadata corresponding to queries or search strings
submitted by the consumer 404. The manner in which this search is
performed may be according to any search algorithm known in the
art. In the case of an SQL query, the query may be processed
according to any approach for processing SQL queries known in the
art.
[0101] The exchange management module 106 may return results of a
search string or SQL query to the consumer's 404 device 126, such
as in the form of a listing of references to listings 202
identified according to the search algorithm or processing the SQL
query. The listing may include items of metadata or links that the
consumer 404 may select to invoke display of metadata. In
particular, any of the items of metadata 204 of a listing 202 may
be displayed in the listing or linked to by an entry in the listing
corresponding to the search record 202.
[0102] Note that the exchange referenced in FIG. 4A may be a
private exchange or a public exchange. In particular, those
listings 202 that are displayed and searched 416 and viewable by
the consumer 404 during browsing 414 may be limited to those having
filters 208 that indicate that the listing 202 is viewable by the
consumer 404, an organization of the consumer, or some other
classification to which the consumer 404 belongs. Where the
exchange is public, then the consumer 404 is not required to meet
any filter criteria in some embodiments.
[0103] The method 400 may include the consumer 404 requesting 418
to access data corresponding to a listing 202. For example, by
selecting an entry in the listing on the device 126 of the consumer
404, which invokes transmission of a request to the exchange
management module 106 to add the listing 202 corresponding to the
entry to the consumed shares 116 in the user record 212 of the
consumer 404.
[0104] In the illustrated example, the listing 202 of the selected
entry has access controls 206. Accordingly, the exchange management
module 106 may forward 420 the request to the provider 402 along
with an identifier of the consumer 404. The consumer 404 and
provider 402 may then interact to one or both of (a) authenticate
(login) 424 the consumer 404 with respect to the provider 402 and
(b) process 424 payment for access of the data referenced by the
listing 202. This interaction may be according to any approach to
logging in or authenticating or known in the art. Likewise, any
approach for processing payment between parties may be implemented.
In some embodiments, the data warehouse module may provide a rebate
to the provider 402 due to credits consumed by the consumer 404
when accessing the shared data of the provider. Credits may be
units of usage purchased by a user that are then consumed in
response to services of the data warehouse module 104 used by the
consumer 404, e.g. queries and other analytics performed on data
hosted by the data warehouse module 104. The interaction may be
directly between devices 126 of the consumer 404 and provider 402
or may be performed by way of the exchange management module 106.
In some embodiments, the exchange management module 106
authenticates the consumer 404 using the access control information
206 such that interaction with the provider 402 is not needed.
Likewise, the listing 202 may define payment terms such that the
exchange management module 106 processes payment without requiring
interaction with the provider 402. Once the provider 402 determines
that the consumer 404 is authenticated and authorized to access the
data referenced by the listing 202, the provider 402 may notify 426
the exchange management module 106 that the consumer 404 may access
the data referenced by the listing 202. In response, the exchange
management module adds 428 a reference to the listing 202 to the
consumed shares 116 in the user record 212 of the consumer 404.
[0105] Note that in some instances a listing 202 does not list
specific data, but rather references a particular service module
118, e.g. the brand name or company name of a service. Accordingly,
the request to access the listing 202 is a request to access user
data 130 of the consumer making the request. Accordingly, steps
422, 424, 426 including authenticating the consumer 404 with
respect to the authentication interface 120 such that the service
module 118 can verify the identity of the consumer 404 and inform
the exchange management module 106 of which data to share with the
consumer 404 and to indicate that the consumer 404 is authorized to
access that data.
[0106] In some embodiments, this may be implemented using a "single
sign on" approach in which the consumer 404 authenticates (logs in)
once with respect to the service module 118 and thereafter is
enabled to access the consumers 404 data in the service database
128. For example, the exchange management module 106 may present an
interface to the service module 118 on the device 126 of the
consumer 404. The consumer 404 inputs authentication information
(username and password, certificate, token, etc.) into the
interface and this information is forwarded to the authentication
interface 120 of the service module 118. The authentication
information processes the authentication information and, if the
information corresponds to a user account, notifies the exchange
management module 106 that the consumer 404 is authenticated with
respect to that user account. The exchange management module 106
may then identify the user data 130 for that user account and
create a database referencing it. A reference to that database is
then added to the consumed shares 116 of the consumer 404.
[0107] In some embodiments, the user's authentication with respect
to the data warehouse module 104 is sufficient to authenticate the
user with respect to the service module 118 such that steps 422,
424 are omitted in view of the prior authentication of the consumer
404. For example, the data warehouse module 104 may be indicated by
the consumer 404 to the service module 118 to be authorized to
verify the identity of the consumer 404.
[0108] In some embodiments, the exchange management module 106
authenticates the consumer 404 using the access control information
206 such that interaction with the provider 402 is not needed.
Likewise, the listing 202 may define payment terms such that the
exchange management module 106 processes payment without requiring
interaction with the provider 402. Accordingly, in such
embodiments, step 422 is performed by the exchange management
module 106 and step 426 is omitted. The exchange management module
106 then performs step 428 once the consumer 404 is authenticated
and/or provided required payment.
[0109] In some embodiments, adding a listing 202 to the consumed
shares of a consumer 404 may further include receiving, from the
consumer 404, consent to terms presented to the consumer 404. In
some embodiments, where the terms of the agreement are changed by a
provider 402 after a consumer 404 has added the listing 202
according to the method 400 or other method described herein, the
exchange management module 106 may require the consumer 404 to
agree to the changed terms before being allowed to continue to
access the data referenced by the listing 202.
[0110] Adding 428 the data reference by the listing 202 may include
creating a database referencing the data. A reference to this
database may then be added to the consumed shares 116 and this
database may then be used to process queries referencing the data
referenced by the share record. Adding 428 the data may include
adding data filtered according to filters 208. For example, data
referenced by the listing 202 (e.g., a filtered view of the data)
and that is associated with the consumer 404, organization of the
consumer 404, or some other classification of the consumer 404.
[0111] In some embodiments, adding the listing 202 to the user
record 212 may include changing the access controls 206 of the
listing 202 to reference the identity data 214 of the consumer 404
such that attempts to access the data referenced by the listing 202
will be permitted and executed by the exchange management module
106.
[0112] The consumer 404 may then input 432 queries to the SQL
engine 310 by way of the consumer's device 126. The queries may
reference the data referenced in the listing 202 added at step 428
as well as other data referenced in the user database 112 and
consumed shares 116. The SQL engine 310 then processes 430 the
queries using the database created at step 428 and returns the
result to the consumer 404 or creates views, materialized views, or
other data that may be accessed or analyzed by the user. As noted
above, the data of consumed shares operated upon by the queries may
have been previously filtered to include only data relating to the
consumer 404. Accordingly, different consumers 404 adding the same
listing 202 to their consumed shares 116 will see different
versions of the database referenced by the listing 202.
[0113] Referring to FIG. 4B, in some embodiments, the private
sharing of data and filtering of data according to identity of the
consumer 404 may be implemented using the illustrated data
structures. For example, the service database 128 of the provider
402 may include a customer map 434 that includes entries for
customer identifiers 436 of users of the service provided by the
provider 402, e.g. a service implemented by the service module 118
of the server and the customer identifier 436 being an identifier
for authenticating with the authentication interface 120. The
customer map 434 may map each customer identifier 436 to a
warehouse identifier 438, i.e. a user identifier used by a user to
authenticate with the warehouse module 104 such that the same user
corresponds to both identifiers 436, 438. The mapping between the
identifiers 436 and 438 may be performed by authenticating as
described above (e.g., the single sign on approach described
above).
[0114] The customer map 434 may further include a reference 440 to
an entitlement table 442, which may be one of a plurality of
entitlement tables 442. Each entitlement table 442 defines which of
one or more tables 444 of the provider 402 may be accessed with the
customer ID 436 to which it is mapped. The entitlement table 442
may further define columns of a table 444 that can be accessed with
the customer ID 436. The entitlement table 442 may further define
rows of a table 444 that can be accessed with the customer ID 436.
The entitlement table 442 may further define a schema for a table
444 that can be accessed with the customer ID 436.
[0115] A listing 202 for a table 444 may therefore specify that
access to a data table 444 is to be performed as defined by the
customer map 434. For example, referring to FIG. 4C, when a
consumer 404 requests to add a listing 202 for a database for which
access is defined according to the customer map, the exchange
management module 106 may create a secure view 446 according to the
customer identifier 436 and entitlement table 442 mapped to the
warehouse identifier 438 of the consumer 404. The secure view may
be generated by performing a secure join of the data tables 444 of
the database specified in the entitlement table 442 (or portions
thereof as specified in the entitlement table 442) that is filtered
according to the customer identifier 436 such that a result of the
join includes only data for the specific customer identifier 436
and includes only those portions of the database (tables 444 and/or
portions of tables 444) specified in the entitlement table 442. The
manner in which the secure view is generated may be as described in
U.S. application Ser. No. 16/055,824 filed Aug. 6, 2018, and
entitled SECURE DATA SHARING IN A MULTI-TENANT DATABASE and U.S.
application Ser. No. 16/241,463 filed Jan. 7, 2019 and entitled
SECURE DATA SHARING IN A MULTI-TENANT DATABASE, both of which are
hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0116] FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative method 500 for sharing
data that may be performed when the consumer requests 418 to add a
listing 202 that is available to the public. In that case, the
exchange management module 106 adds 428 the reference to the
listing 202 to the consumed shares 116 of the consumer 404 and
authentication or payment steps are omitted. Step 428 may be
performed as described above except that no change to access
controls 206 is performed. Likewise, steps 430 and 432 may be
performed with respect to the shared data as described above. The
exchange of FIG. 5 could be a public exchange or a private exchange
as described above with respect to FIG. 4. FIG. 5 illustrates the
case where if a listing 202 is viewable (i.e. filter criteria
permit viewing by the consumer 404 as described above), the
consumer 404 is able to add the listing 202 to the consumed shares
116 of the consumer 404 without further authentication or
payment.
[0117] Note that when a listing 202 is added to the consumed shares
116 of a user according to any of the methods disclosed herein, the
exchange management module 106 may notify consumers of the listing
202 when the data referenced by the listing 202 is updated.
[0118] Referring to FIG. 6, in some embodiments, a method 600 may
include a consumer 404 browsing a catalog and selecting a listing
202 as described for the other methods described herein (see, e.g.,
FIGS. 4A and 5), from the exchange management module 106, a
bidirectional share with respect to the data referenced by the
listing ("the shared data") and additional data in the user's
database 112 ("the user's data"). Note that in some embodiments the
listing 202 of the provider 402 does not reference any specific
data (e.g., a specific table or database) and instead offers to
perform a service with respect to data provided by the consumer
404. Accordingly, in such instances "the shared data" as discussed
below may be understood to be replaced with "the offered
service."
[0119] In response to this request, the exchange management module
106 implements 604 a point-to-point share of the shared data with
respect to the consumer 404 and the provider 402. This may be
performed as described above with respect to FIG. 4A, e.g. include
authentication of the consumer 404 and possibly filtering of the
shared data to only include data associated with the consumer 404
as described above. The exchange management module 106 may further
implement a point-to-point share of the user's data with respect to
the provider 402 as described with respect to FIG. 4A except: (a)
the consumer 404 acts as the provider and the provider 402 acts as
the consumer for the user's data and the user's data is added to
the consumed shares 116 of the provider 402 and (b) the consumer
404 need not create a listing 202 for the user's data and the
user's data need not be listed in the catalog 220.
[0120] Following step 606, both the consumer 404 or the provider
402 have access to the shared data and the user's data. Either may
then run queries against both of these, join them, perform
aggregations on the joined data, or perform any other actions known
in the art with respect to multiple databases.
[0121] In some embodiments, a bi-directional share may include, or
be requested by the consumer 404 to include, the provider 402 also
joining 608 the shared data and the user data to obtain joined data
and returning 610 a reference to the joined data to the exchange
management module 106 with a request to add 612 a reference to the
joined data to the consumed shares 116 of the consumer 404, which
the exchange management module 106 does.
[0122] Accordingly, the consumer 404 will now have access to the
joined data. Step 608 may further include performing other actions
(aggregations, analysis) on the user data and shared data either
before or after joining. Step 608 may be performed by the data
warehouse module 104 in response to the request form the consumer
404 to do so.
[0123] Note that the result of the join may be either (a) a new
database that is a result of the join or (b) a joined database view
that defines a join of the shared data and the user data.
[0124] The result from step 608 (joining, aggregating, analyzing,
etc.) may alternatively be added to the original share performed at
step 606, 608, e.g. a view (materialized or non-materialized)
defining the operations performed at step 608.
[0125] Steps 608-612 may also be performed by the data warehouse
module 104 in response to a request from the consumer 404 or
provider 402 to do so independently from the request made at step
602.
[0126] Note that in many instances there are many consumers 404
that attempt to perform bi-directional shares with respect to the
provider 402 and these consumers 404 may seek bi-directional shares
with respect to their user data that may be in many different
formats (schemas) that may be different from a schema used by the
shared data of the provider 402. Accordingly, step 608 may include
a transformation step. The transformation step maps a source scheme
of the user's data to a target schema of the shared data. The
transformation may be a static transformation provided by a human
operator. The transformation may be according to an algorithm that
maps column labels of the source schema to corresponding column
labels of the target schema. The algorithm may include a machine
learning or artificial intelligence model that is trained to
perform the transformation. For example, a plurality of training
data entries may be specified by human annotators that each include
as an input a source schema and as an output include a mapping
between the source schema and the target schema. These entries may
then be used to train a machine learning or artificial intelligence
algorithm to output a mapping to a target schema for a given input
source schema.
[0127] Data added to the shares consumed by the consumer 404 and
provider 402 may then be operated on by the consumer 404 and
provider 402, respectively, such as by executing queries against
the data, aggregating the data, analyzing the data, or performing
any other actions described herein as being performed with respect
to shares added to the consumed shares 116 of a user.
[0128] Referring to FIG. 7, the approach to sharing and consuming
data as described herein enables enrichment of data and return of
that enriched data to the exchange. For example, provider A may
request 702 sharing of data (share 1) with the exchange in the same
manner as for other methods described herein. The exchange
management module 106 verifies, validates, and adds 704 share 1 to
the catalog 220.
[0129] A second provider B may then browse the catalog 220 and add
706 share 1 to its consumed shares 116. Provider B may perform 708
operations on the shared data such as joining it with other data,
performing aggregations, and/or performing other analysis with
respect to share 1, resulting in modified data (share 2). Provider
B may then request 710 sharing of share 2 with the exchange as
described herein. Note that the joining of step 708 may include
joining any number of databases, such as any number of shares based
on any number of listings by any number of other users.
Accordingly, iterations of steps 702-710 by many users may be
viewed as a hierarchy in which a large number of listings 202 of
multiple users are narrowed down to a smaller number of listings
202 based on the data from the larger number of listings 202.
[0130] The exchange management module 106 verifies, validates, and
adds 712 share 2 to the catalog 220. This process may be repeated
714 with respect to share 2, as provider A, provider B, or a
different provider adds share 2, generates modified data based on
it, and adds the result back to the catalog in the same manner. In
this manner, a rich ecosystem of data and analysis may be made
available to users. The shares according to the method 700 may be
any shares, point-to-point shares, private exchange shares, or
bi-directional exchange shares according to the methods disclosed
herein.
[0131] Note that there is a possibility that provider may perform
steps 708 and 710 with respect to a listing 202 that is based on a
listing 202. For example, listing L1 of provider A is used by
provider B to create listing L2, which is used by provider C to
create listing L3, which is used by provider A to define listing
L1. Such a loop could include any number of steps. This may be
undesirable in some cases such that modification of listing L1 to
reference L3 is not permitted in view L3 being derived from L1. In
other instances, such a loop is permitted provided there is a time
delay in when the data referenced by each listing is refreshed. For
example, L1 may reference L3 provided L3 will not be refreshed
until some time after L1 is refreshed and therefore the circular
reference will not result in continuous updating of L1 and L3 ad
infinitum.
[0132] The listing created at step 712 (Share 2) may either (a)
include copies of the data from Share 1 remaining after step 708
and as modified according to step 708 or (b) include a view
referencing Share 1 (e.g., a database created based on the listing
202 for Share 1 according to the methods disclosed herein) and
defining the operations performed at step 708 without including
actual data from Share 1 or derived from Share 1. Accordingly, a
hierarchy as described above may be a hierarchy of views that
either reference one or both of listing 202 that are views created
according to the method 700 or listing 202 of data from one or more
providers according to any of the methods disclosed herein.
[0133] In the methods disclosed herein approaches are disclosed for
creating shares (listings 202) and for adding shares. In a like
manner, a consumer 404 may instruct the exchange management module
106 to remove added shares. A provider 402 may instruct the
exchange management module 106 to cease sharing certain listings
202. In some embodiments, this may be accompanied by actions to
avoid disrupting consumers 404 of those listings 202. Such as by
notifying these consumers 404 and ceasing to share the listings 202
only after a specified time period after the notification or after
all consumers 404 have removed references to the listings 202 from
their consumed shares 116.
[0134] Use Cases
[0135] In a first use case a company implements a private exchange
according to the methods described above. In particular, listing
202 of the company are viewable only by consumers 404 that are
associated (employees, management, investors, etc.) with the
company. Likewise, adding of listing 202 is permitted only for
those associated with the company. When adding a listing 202 to the
consumed shares 116, it may be filtered based on the identity of
the consumer that adds it, i.e. data that is relevant to the
consumer's role within the company.
[0136] In a second use case, a provider 402 creates a reader or
reader/writer account for a consumer 404 that is not yet a user of
the data warehouse module 104. The account may be associated with
the account data of the consumer (see consumer map of FIG. 4B
discussed above). The consumer 404 may then log on to that account
and then access the provider's listings to access the consumer's
data 404 that is managed by the provider 402 (see, e.g. discussion
of FIG. 4A).
[0137] In a fifth use case a consumer 404 adds shares that are
private (e.g., accessible due to the identity of the consumer 404
according to the methods described above) and shares that are
public. These may then be joined by the consumer 404 and used to
process queries.
[0138] In a sixth use case, a listing 202 may be shared base on a
subscription (e.g., monthly) or be accessed based on per-query
pricing, or a credit uplift multiplier. Accordingly, the exchange
management module 106 may manage processing of payment and access
such that the consumer 404 is allowed to access the data subject to
the pricing model (subscription, per query, etc.).
[0139] In a seventh use case, the exchange management module
implements secure functions and secure machine learning models
(both training and scoring) that may be used to process private
data such that the consumer 404 is allowed to use the result of the
function or machine learning model but does not have access to the
raw data processed by the function or machine learning model.
Likewise, the consumer of the shared data is not allowed to export
the shared data. The consumer is nonetheless allowed to perform
sophisticated analytical functions with respect to the shared data.
For example, the following secure function may be implemented to
enable viewing of customer shopping data in a secure manner:
[0140] select 6139 as input_item, ss_item_sk as basket_Item,
count(distinct ss_ticket_number) baskets from udf_demo.public.sales
where ss_ticket_number in (select ss_ticket_number from
udf_demo.public.sales where ss_item_sk=6139) group by ss_item_sk
order by 3 desc, 2;
[0141] Secure functions may also include analytical functions
performed with respect to shared data. For example, secure Function
1, Function 2, and Function 3 outlined below may be performed with
respect to shared data.
[0142] Function 1: [0143] create or replace secure function
UDF_DEMO.PUBLIC.get_market_basket(input_item_sk number(38)) returns
table (input_item NUMBER(38,0), basket_item_sk NUMBER(38,0),
num_baskets NUMBER(38,0)) as [0144] `select input_item_sk,
ss_item_sk basket_Item, count(distinct ss_ticket_number) baskets
from udf_demo.public.sales where ss_ticket_number in (select
ss_ticket_number from udf_demo.public.sales where
ss_item_sk=input_item_sk) group by ss_item_sk order by 3 desc,
2`;
[0145] Function 2: [0146] use database UDF_DEMO; [0147] create
share if not exists UDF_DEMO_SHARE; [0148] grant usage on database
UDF_DEMO to share UDF_DEMO_SHARE; [0149] grant usage on schema
UDF_DEMO.PUBLIC to share UDF_DEMO_SHARE; [0150] grant usage on
function UDF_DEMO.PUBLIC.get_market_basket(number) to share
UDF_DEMO_SHARE; [0151] alter share UDF_DEMO_SHARE add
accounts=<consumer account id>;
[0152] Function 3: [0153] use role accountadmin; [0154] create
database UDF_TEST from share <provider
account>.UDF_DEMO_SHARE; [0155] grant imported privileges on
database UDF_TEST to role PUBLIC; [0156] use database UDF_TEST:
TABLE-US-00001 [0156] select * from
table(UDF_TEST.PUBLIC.get_market_basket(6139)); INPUT_ITEM
BASKET_ITEM_SK NUM_BASKETS 6139 6139 1048 6139 7115 405 6139 7114
189 6139 9257 128 6139 9256 102 6139 7116 95 6139 9258 40 6139
23492 37 6139 40008 10
[0157] In an eighth use case, the exchange management module 106
may provide usage statistics of a listing 202 by one or more
consumers 404 to the provider 402 of the listing, e.g. queries,
credits used, tables scanned, tables hit, etc.
[0158] In a ninth use case, the systems and methods disclosed
herein are used for industry-specific applications. For
example:
[0159] 1. Cybersecurity [0160] a. Allows for sharing of risk
vectors, bad actors, IP white/black lists, realtime attacks in
progress, known good/bad emailers, etc.
[0161] 2. Healthcare [0162] a. Secure sharing of
patient/outcome/cost etc. information [0163] b. Secure
multi-hospital databases so patients can share their information to
multiple providers. (e.g., if I travel to Florida and end up in the
ER, they can access my records from disparate hospitals and
providers.)
[0164] Other industries may also benefit from private or public
sharing of data according to the systems and methods disclosed
herein. Such as the financial services industry, telecommunications
industry, media and advertising industry, government agencies,
militaries, and intelligence agencies.
[0165] In a tenth use case, a first user provides marketing
services for a second user and therefore the second users shares a
customer list with the first user. The first user shares data
regarding a marketing campaign to the second user, such as campaign
metadata, current user events (session start/end for specific
users, purchases for specific users, etc.). This may be
accomplished using the bi-directional sharing of FIG. 6. This data
may be joined (customer list+customer events from first user) in
order to obtain a better understanding about events for a specific
user or groups of users. As noted above, this exchange of data may
be performed without creating copies or transferring data--each
user accesses the same copy of the shared data. Since no data is
transferred, the data may be accessed in near real time as customer
events occur.
[0166] For example, the second user may share a customer profile
table without personal identification information (PII) but that
includes rows and columns of non-PII customer data, which may
include one or more columns including a key/value array. The
exchange management module 106 may convert this data to a stream of
JSON updates and share these with the first user, such as by way of
an API of the first user. For example, the updates may be of the
form of {member ID, Timestamp, JSON of new/changed attributes}. In
some embodiments, the exchange management module may draw a
reference architecture or define an output table based on the
shared data for use by the first user.
[0167] FIG. 8 is a block diagram depicting an example computing
device 800. In some embodiments, computing device 800 is used to
implement one or more of the systems and components discussed
herein, such as the cloud computing platform 102 and user devices
126. Computing device 800 may be used to perform various procedures
and tasks, such as those discussed herein. Computing device 800 can
function as a server, a client or any other computing entity.
Computing device 800 can be any of a wide variety of computing
devices, such as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a server
computer, a handheld computer, a tablet, and the like.
[0168] Computing device 800 includes one or more processor(s) 802,
one or more memory device(s) 804, one or more interface(s) 806, one
or more mass storage device(s) 808 (hard disk drive 824, remote
storage 826, etc.), and one or more Input/Output (I/O) device(s)
810, all of which are coupled to a bus 812. Processor(s) 802
include one or more processors or controllers that execute
instructions stored in memory device(s) 804 and/or mass storage
device(s) 808. Processor(s) 802 may also include various types of
computer-readable media, such as cache memory.
[0169] Memory device(s) 804 include various computer-readable
media, such as volatile memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM)
814) and/or nonvolatile memory (e.g., read-only memory (ROM)).
Memory device(s) 804 may also include rewritable ROM 816, such as
Flash memory.
[0170] Mass storage device(s) 808 include various computer readable
media, such as magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, optical disks, solid
state memory (e.g., Flash memory), and so forth. Various drives may
also be included in mass storage device(s) 808 to enable reading
from and/or writing to the various computer readable media. Mass
storage device(s) 808 include removable media and/or non-removable
media.
[0171] I/O device(s) 810 include various devices that allow data
and/or other information to be input to or retrieved from computing
device 800. Example I/O device(s) 810 include cursor control
devices, keyboards, keypads, microphones, monitors or other display
devices 830, speakers, printers, network interface cards, modems,
lenses, CCDs or other image capture devices, and the like.
[0172] Interface(s) 806 include various interfaces that allow
computing device 800 to interact with other systems, devices, or
computing environments. Example interface(s) 806 include a user
interface 818 or any number of different network interfaces 820,
such as interfaces to local area networks (LANs), wide area
networks (WANs), wireless networks, and the Internet. Interfaces
806 may further include interfaces 822 to peripheral devices.
[0173] Bus 812 allows processor(s) 802, memory device(s) 804,
interface(s) 806, mass storage device(s) 808, and I/O device(s) 810
to communicate with one another, as well as other devices or
components coupled to bus 812. Bus 812 represents one or more of
several types of bus structures, such as a system bus, PCI bus,
IEEE 1394 bus, USB bus, and so forth.
[0174] For purposes of illustration, programs and other executable
program components are shown herein as discrete blocks, although it
is understood that such programs and components may reside at
various times in different storage components of computing device
800, and are executed by processor(s) 802. Alternatively, the
systems and procedures described herein can be implemented in
hardware, or a combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware.
For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits
(ASICs) can be programmed to carry out one or more of the systems
and procedures described herein.
[0175] Although the present disclosure is described in terms of
certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments will be apparent
to those of ordinary skill in the art, given the benefit of this
disclosure, including embodiments that do not provide all of the
benefits and features set forth herein, which are also within the
scope of this disclosure. It is to be understood that other
embodiments may be utilized, without departing from the scope of
the present disclosure.
* * * * *