U.S. patent application number 16/632543 was filed with the patent office on 2020-12-03 for mine exploitation, separation, filling and treatment exploitation method.
This patent application is currently assigned to China University of Mining and Technology. The applicant listed for this patent is China University of Mining and Technology, XUZHOU ZHONGKUANG BACKFILLING & MINING TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Hengfeng LIU, Wenyue QI, Kai SUN, Jixiong ZHANG, Qiang ZHANG, Nan ZHOU.
Application Number | 20200378256 16/632543 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005047544 |
Filed Date | 2020-12-03 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200378256 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ZHANG; Jixiong ; et
al. |
December 3, 2020 |
MINE EXPLOITATION, SEPARATION, FILLING AND TREATMENT EXPLOITATION
METHOD
Abstract
The present invention discloses a mine exploitation, separation,
filling and treatment exploitation method, including main sources
of gangue on a small-volume gangue exploitation working face and
gangue reducing measures; system layout, equipment and separation
technology for coal gangue separation; system layout, equipment and
production technology for filling synergistic caving type coal
efficient stoping; pretreatment and pre-control measures for
environmental influence before and after gangue filling; and design
principle and design steps of the mine "exploitation, separation,
filling and treatment" exploitation method. The method not only
solves the problem of long-distance transportation of gangue,
reduces the lifting cost of underground gangue and relieves the
pressure of mine auxiliary lifting and ground coal washing plants,
but also may effectively treat coal mine gangue, reduce the surface
stacking area of coal gangue, reduce the damage to the ecological
environment of a mine and protect an ecological environment.
Furthermore, a gangue filling and coal efficient stope face has
high single production efficiency, may meet the requirements of
modern mines for production capacity, and application prospects are
wide.
Inventors: |
ZHANG; Jixiong; (Jiangsu,
CN) ; QI; Wenyue; (Jiangsu, CN) ; ZHANG;
Qiang; (Jiangsu, CN) ; SUN; Kai; (Jiangsu,
CN) ; ZHOU; Nan; (Jiangsu, CN) ; LIU;
Hengfeng; (Jiangsu, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
China University of Mining and Technology
XUZHOU ZHONGKUANG BACKFILLING & MINING TECHNOLOGY CO.,
LTD. |
Jiangsu
Xuzhon, Jiangsu |
|
CN
CN |
|
|
Assignee: |
China University of Mining and
Technology
Jiangsu
CN
XUZHOU ZHONGKUANG BACKFILLING & MINING TECHNOLOGY
CO.,LTD
Xuzhou, Jiangsu
CN
|
Family ID: |
1000005047544 |
Appl. No.: |
16/632543 |
Filed: |
April 1, 2019 |
PCT Filed: |
April 1, 2019 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CN2019/080752 |
371 Date: |
January 21, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21C 41/18 20130101;
E21F 15/06 20130101; E21F 13/061 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E21C 41/18 20060101
E21C041/18; E21F 13/06 20060101 E21F013/06; E21F 15/06 20060101
E21F015/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 30, 2018 |
CN |
201811159127.2 |
Claims
1. A mine exploitation, separation, filling and treatment
exploitation method, comprising the following steps: step 1:
determining main sources of gangue on a designed stope face
according to a geological condition and an occurrence feature of a
coal seam; step 2: selecting a corresponding measure for reducing a
gangue content in a coal exploitation according to the main sources
of the gangue on the designed stope face, and arranging a
small-volume gangue exploitation working face; step 3: arranging an
underwell coal gangue separation system, performing an equipment
selection on the coal gangue separation system, and performing a
coal gangue separation on a raw coal produced by the small-volume
gangue exploitation working face; step 4: conveying a separated
gangue to an underground gangue bin by a gangue conveying belt,
then, conveying the separated gangue to a gangue filling and coal
efficient stope face from the underground gangue bin by the gangue
conveying belt to perform a filling treatment, and arranging a
filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face; and
step 5: according to a volume of the gangue separated by the coal
gangue separation system, designing a length of a filling section
of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face,
arranging a filling section stope face, and performing an equipment
selection and matching; according to a mine production capacity,
designing a length of a caving section of the filling synergistic
caving type fully mechanized coal face, arranging a caving section
stope face, and performing an equipment selection and matching; and
arranging a transition section of the filling synergistic caving
type fully mechanized coal face between the filling section and the
caving section, arranging a transition section stope face, and
performing an equipment selection and matching.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the main sources of the
gangue in the step 1 comprise: a gangue in a fully mechanized
caving mining drawing technology, a dirt band in a coal seam, a
gangue caved from a working face stope roof, and a gangue exploited
by a coal face due to change in the geological condition; and
measures taken for reducing the gangue content in the coal
exploitation according to different gangue sources are as follows:
a. for the gangue in the fully mechanized caving mining drawing
technology, the gangue content in a fully mechanized caving mining
is reduced by firstly detecting a top coal thickness distribution
to grasp top coal thickness change and then changing a drawing
interval and a drawing mode according to different top coal
thicknesses; b. for the dirt band in the coal seam, the gangue
content of the coal seam with the dirt band is reduced by a layer
mining mode; c. for the gangue caved from the working face stope
roof, the gangue caved from the working face stope roof is reduced
by a timely support and an increase of support strength; d. for a
gangue cut by a bottom plate of a fully mechanized coal face, the
gangue cut by the bottom plate of the fully mechanized coal face is
reduced by changing a height of a drum of a coal cutter and
applying an anti-dumping measure for the coal cutter; and e. for
the gangue exploited by the coal face due to change in the
geological condition, the gangue content is reduced by firstly
detecting and analyzing a degree of change in the geological
conditions and then adopting measures of bypassing, working face
moving and coal mining equipment parameter adjusting.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the filling synergistic
caving type fully mechanized coal face means that a comprehensive
mechanized solid filling coal mining section and a traditional
comprehensive mechanized coal mining section are simultaneously
arranged on one working face, and a specific technology is as
follows: a. coal mining technology: three different types of
supports are arranged on a working face of a gangue filling and
coal efficient stope system, wherein the support arranged on the
filling section is a filling coal mining hydraulic support, the
support arranged on the transition section is a filling coal mining
hydraulic support with a side guard plate, and the support arranged
on the caving section is a traditional fully mechanized mining
hydraulic support; the three supports are designed to have the same
unit advance and share a coal cutter and a scraper conveyer, and
coal at an exploitation site is conveyed to the coal gangue
separation system by a belt conveyer for separation; and b. filling
technology: underground washed gangue is conveyed from the gangue
bin to a porous bottom-dump conveyer of the filling section through
a feeder, a gangue transport rubber belt conveyer and a self-moving
type transfer machine sequentially, and discharge holes suspended
on the porous bottom-dump scraper conveyer at a rear part of the
gangue filling section are opened according to a certain order to
enable the gangue to naturally fall to a goaf.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, before
filling the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal
face, environmental disaster evaluation of the gangue is required,
and if the gangue causes pollution to an underground environment,
the separated gangue needs to be pretreated to reduce a secondary
pollution of the gangue, specific measures comprising: a. gangue
soaking pretreatment: the separated gangue is soaked in water for
pretreatment for several days, so that a reaction of heavy metal
ions on a surface of the gangue tends to end; and b. gangue
microorganism modification: heavy metal reaction and migration on
the surface of the gangue are inhibited by adopting a microorganism
culture mode, thereby preventing the secondary pollution to a
groundwater environment and soil.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, after
filling the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal
face, a goaf is monitored in real time, and if heavy metal ions are
precipitated, pre-control measures are required, specifically
comprising: a. paving of an anti-leakage layer on a bottom plate: a
dense material is adopted to pave a floor to inhibit leakage of the
heavy metal ions; and b. a grouting treatment on the bottom plate:
a crack of the bottom plate is subjected to the grouting treatment
to inhibit infiltration of the heavy metal ions.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a coal gangue
separation method in the step 3 is an underground movable sieve
jigging separation method which is specifically as follows:
underground coal gangue enters a sieving machine, slack coal of
which the particle size is less than a set particle size is
conveyed to a coal bin directly through a slack coal conveying
belt, raw coal of which the particle size is greater than the set
particle size falls into a coal gangue separation, feeding and
conveying belt machine through a raw coal chute, the raw coal with
a large particle size is conveyed to a crushing machine by the coal
gangue separation, feeding and conveying belt machine through a
feeding chute so as to be crushed, and then, the crushed raw coal
is conveyed to a movable sieve jigging separation machine to
separate gangue from clean coal.
7. The method according to any one of claim 1, wherein a length of
the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully
mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9
hydraulic supports.
8. The method according to any one of claim 2, wherein a length of
the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully
mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9
hydraulic supports.
9. The method according to any one of claim 3, wherein a length of
the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully
mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9
hydraulic supports.
10. The method according to any one of claim 4, wherein a length of
the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully
mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9
hydraulic supports.
11. The method according to any one of claim 5, wherein a length of
the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully
mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9
hydraulic supports.
12. The method according to any one of claim 6, wherein a length of
the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully
mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9
hydraulic supports.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a mine exploitation design
method, particularly relates to a mine exploitation, separation,
filling and treatment exploitation method, and belongs to the
technical field of coal mine exploitation.
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
[0002] With the large scale of mines and the modernization of coal
mine exploitation technologies, especially the widespread
application of a top coal exploitation technology and an
exploitation technology of a large number of thin coal seams, top
and bottom plates of a coal seam of a working face are doped with a
large number of gangue, so that the volume of the gangue mixed in
raw coal is increased. In the traditional coal mine exploitation,
the coal gangue in the exploited raw coal is not separated in an
underground space, the exploited raw coal directly enters a coal
bin at a bottom of a shaft and is lifted out of the mine by a
lifting system, then, the gangue in the raw coal is discharged, and
the discharged gangue requires a special stacking site. Because the
raw coal is washed and separated after being conveyed from the
underground space to the ground, gangue transportation energy is
wasted, the separated gangue is prone to spontaneous combustion
during stacking, a lot of land is occupied, an ecological
environment is seriously polluted, and the mine environment becomes
increasingly serious. Furthermore, gangue conveying and lifting
systems in an underground coal flow system belong to invalid
transportation of the mine, and the invalid transportation volume
will greatly reduce the actual production capacity of the mine and
increase the equipment cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In order to overcome various defects existing in the prior
art, the present invention provides a mine exploitation,
separation, filling and treatment exploitation method for relieving
the pressure of mine auxiliary lifting and ground coal washing
plants, and capable of effectively treating coal mine gangue,
reducing the surface stacking area of coal gangue, protecting an
ecological environment of a mine and increasing coal exploitation
efficiency.
[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the mine exploitation,
separation, filling and treatment exploitation method of the
present invention includes the following steps:
[0005] step 1: determining main sources of gangue on a designed
stope face according to a geological condition and an occurrence
feature of a coal seam;
[0006] step 2: selecting a corresponding measure for reducing
gangue content in coal exploitation according to the main sources
of the gangue on the designed stope face, and arranging a
small-volume gangue exploitation working face;
[0007] step 3: arranging an underground coal gangue separation
system, performing equipment selection on the coal gangue
separation system, and performing coal gangue separation on raw
coal produced by the small-volume gangue exploitation working
face;
[0008] step 4: conveying the separated gangue to an underground
gangue bin by a gangue conveying belt, then, conveying the
separated gangue to a gangue filling and coal efficient stope face
from the underground gangue bin by the gangue conveying belt to
perform filling treatment, and then, arranging a filling
synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face; and
[0009] step 5: according to the volume of the gangue separated by
the coal gangue separation system, designing a length of a filling
section of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized
coal face, arranging a filling section stope face, and performing
equipment selection and matching; according to a mine production
capacity, designing a length of a caving section of the filling
synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face, arranging a
caving section stope face, and performing equipment selection and
matching; and arranging a transition section of the filling
synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face between the
filling section and the caving section, arranging a transition
section stope face, and performing equipment selection and
matching.
[0010] Specifically, the main sources of the gangue in the step 1
include: gangue in a fully mechanized caving mining drawing
technology, a dirt band in a coal seam, gangue caved from a working
face stope roof, and gangue exploited by a coal face due to change
in the geological condition.
[0011] Measures taken for reducing gangue content in coal
exploitation according to different gangue sources are as
follows:
[0012] a. for the gangue in the fully mechanized caving mining
drawing technology, the gangue content in fully mechanized caving
mining is reduced by firstly detecting top coal thickness
distribution to grasp top coal thickness change and then changing a
drawing interval and a drawing mode according to different top coal
thicknesses;
[0013] b. for the dirt band in the coal seam, the gangue content of
the coal seam with the dirt band is be reduced by a layer mining
mode;
[0014] c. for the gangue caved from the working face stope roof,
the gangue caved from the stope roof is reduced by timely support
and increase of support strength;
[0015] d. for the gangue cut by a bottom plate of a fully
mechanized coal face, the gangue cut by the bottom plate of the
fully mechanized coal face is reduced by changing a height of a
drum of a coal cutter and applying an anti-dumping measure for the
coal cutter; and
[0016] e. for the gangue exploited by the coal face due to change
in the geological condition, the gangue content is reduced by
firstly detecting and analyzing the degree of change in the
geological condition and then adopting measures of bypassing,
working face moving and coal mining equipment parameter
adjusting.
[0017] Further, the filling synergistic caving type fully
mechanized coal face means that a comprehensive mechanized solid
filling coal mining section and a traditional comprehensive
mechanized coal mining section are simultaneously arranged on one
working face, and a specific technology is as follows:
[0018] a. coal mining technology: three different types of supports
are arranged on a working face of a gangue filling and coal
efficient stope system, where the support arranged on the filling
section is a filling coal mining hydraulic support, the support
arranged on the transition section is a filling coal mining
hydraulic support with a side guard plate, and the support arranged
on the caving section is a traditional fully mechanized mining
hydraulic support; the three supports are designed to have the same
unit advance and share a coal cutter and a scraper conveyer, and
coal at an exploitation site is conveyed by a belt conveyer;
and
[0019] b. filling technology: underground washed gangue is conveyed
from the gangue bin to a porous bottom-dump conveyer of the filling
section of a mixed mining face through a feeder, a gangue transport
rubber belt conveyer and a self-moving type transfer machine
sequentially, and discharge holes suspended on the porous
bottom-dump scraper conveyer at a rear part of the gangue filling
section are opened according to a certain order to enable the
gangue to naturally fall to a goaf.
[0020] Further, in the step 5, before filling of the filling
synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face, environmental
disaster evaluation of the gangue is required, and if the gangue
causes pollution to an underground environment, the separated
gangue needs to be pretreated to reduce secondary pollution of the
gangue. Specific measures include:
[0021] a. gangue soaking pretreatment: the separated gangue is
soaked in water for pretreatment for several days, so that a
reaction of heavy metal ions on a surface of the gangue tends to
end; and
[0022] b. gangue microorganism modification: heavy metal reaction
and migration on the surface of the gangue are inhibited by
adopting a microorganism culture mode, thereby preventing secondary
pollution to a groundwater environment and soil.
[0023] Further, in the step 5, after filling of the filling
synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face, a goaf is
monitored in real time, and if heavy metal ions are precipitated,
pre-control measures are required, specifically including:
[0024] a. paving of an anti-leakage layer on a bottom plate: a
dense material is adopted to pave a floor to inhibit leakage of the
heavy metal ions; and
[0025] b. grouting treatment on the bottom plate: a crack of the
bottom plate is subjected to grouting treatment to inhibit
infiltration of the heavy metal ions.
[0026] Preferably, a coal gangue separation method in the step 3 is
an underground movable sieve jigging separation method which is
specifically as follows:
[0027] underground coal gangue enters a sieving machine, slack coal
of which the particle size is less than set particle size is
conveyed to a coal bin directly through a slack coal conveying
belt, raw coal of which the particle size is greater than the set
particle size falls into a coal gangue separation, feeding and
conveying belt machine through a raw coal chute, the raw coal with
a large particle size is conveyed to a crushing machine by the coal
gangue separation, feeding and conveying belt machine through a
feeding chute so as to be crushed, and then, the crushed raw coal
is conveyed to a movable sieve jigging separation machine to
separate gangue from clean coal.
[0028] The underground movable sieve jigging separation method has
the advantages of large separation size range, a small amount of
water used by equipment, and a simple process system.
[0029] Further, a length of the transition section of the filling
synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face is generally
equal to a length of 4 to 9 hydraulic supports.
[0030] In the present invention, the exploitation of the gangue is
minimized by arranging the gangue small-scale exploitation system
and optimizing process parameters according to different gangue
sources, the raw coal exploited by the gangue small-scale
exploitation system is separated by the underground coal gangue
separation system, and the separated gangue is filled on the site.
In order to synchronize the speeds of filling and caving, the
filling synergistic caving type coal efficient stope face is
arranged, so that the separated gangue may be completely filled;
and furthermore, the raw coal exploited by fully mechanized mining
is conveyed to the coal gangue separation system for separation, so
that the two working faces may be propelled simultaneously. In
order to prevent interference between the caving section and the
filling section, the transition section is further arranged between
the caving section and the filling section. In order to reduce the
influence of the gangue on a filling region environment,
pretreatment and pre-control measures for reducing the
environmental influence are taken before and after the gangue
filling step. The method not only solves the problem of
long-distance transportation of gangue, reduces the lifting cost of
underground gangue and relieves the pressure of mine auxiliary
lifting and ground coal washing plants, but also effectively treat
coal mine gangue, reduce the surface stacking area of coal gangue,
reduce the damage to the ecological environment of the mine and
protect the ecological environment. Furthermore, a gangue filling
and coal efficient stope face has high single production
efficiency, meets the requirements of modern mines for production
capacity, and has wide application prospects.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of an underground system of the
present invention;
[0032] FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of an underground coal
gangue separation movable sieve jigging method;
[0033] FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of a gangue filling and coal
efficient stope face; and
[0034] FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of a mine "exploitation,
separation, filling and treatment" exploitation method.
[0035] In the drawings, 1. gangue small-scale exploitation system;
2. coal gangue separation system; 3. gangue filling and coal
efficient stope system; 4. filling section; 5. transition section;
6. caving section; 7. filling coal mining hydraulic support; 8.
filling coal mining hydraulic support with side guard plate; 9.
traditional fully mechanized mining hydraulic support; 10. coal
cutter; 11. scraper conveyer; 12. porous bottom-dump scraper
conveyer; 13. discharge hole; 14. self-moving type transfer
machine; 15. gangue belt conveyer; 16. rail lane; 17. conveying
lane; and 18. belt conveyer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0036] The present invention will be described in detail below with
reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0037] FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 show a mine exploitation, separation,
filling and treatment exploitation method. The method requires two
systems arranged in an underground space, including a gangue
small-scale exploitation system 1, a coal gangue separation system
2 and a gangue filling and coal efficient stope system 3. The
working capability of each system should meet the following
principle: the design filling capability of the gangue filling and
coal efficient stope system>the gangue separation capability of
the coal gangue separation system>the gangue discharge
capability of the gangue small-scale exploitation system.
[0038] The specific steps are as follows:
[0039] step 1: determining main sources of gangue on a designed
stope face according to a geological condition and an occurrence
feature of a coal seam,
[0040] where the main sources of the gangue include: gangue in a
fully mechanized caving mining drawing technology, a dirt bands in
a coal seam, gangue caved from a working face stope roof, and
gangue exploited by a coal face due to change in the geological
condition;
[0041] step 2: selecting corresponding measures for reducing gangue
content in coal exploitation according to the main sources of the
gangue on the designed stope face, and arranging a small-volume
gangue exploitation working face,
[0042] where the measures taken for reducing the gangue content in
coal exploitation according to different gangue sources are as
follows:
[0043] a. for the gangue in the fully mechanized caving mining
drawing technology, the gangue content in fully mechanized caving
mining is reduced by firstly detecting top coal thickness
distribution to grasp top coal thickness change and then changing a
drawing interval and a drawing mode according to different top coal
thicknesses;
[0044] b. for the dirt band in the coal seam, the gangue content of
the coal seam with the dirt band is reduced by a layer mining
mode;
[0045] c. for the gangue caved from the working face stope roof,
the gangue caved from the stope roof is reduced by timely support
and increase of support strength;
[0046] d. for the gangue cut by a bottom plate of a fully
mechanized coal face, the gangue cut by the bottom plate of the
fully mechanized coal face is reduced by changing a height of a
drum of a coal cutter and applying anti-dumping measures for the
coal cutter; and
[0047] e. for the gangue exploited by the coal face due to change
in the geological condition, the gangue content is reduced by
firstly detecting and analyzing the degree of change in the
geological condition and then adopting measures of bypassing,
working face moving and coal mining equipment parameter
adjusting;
[0048] step 3: arranging an underground coal gangue separation
system 2, performing equipment selection on the coal gangue
separation system, and performing coal gangue separation on raw
coal produced by the small-volume gangue exploitation working
face,
[0049] where as shown in FIG. 2, a coal gangue separation method
adopted in the present embodiment is an underground movable sieve
jigging separation method, coal gangue separation devices, such as
a movable sieve jigging separation machine, a sieving machine and a
crushing machine, are arranged near a shaft station of a coal mine
or in the centralized transportation direction of the raw coal, and
the specific method is as follows:
[0050] underground coal gangue enters a sieving machine, slack coal
of which the particle size is less than 50 mm is conveyed to a coal
bin directly through a slack coal conveying belt, raw coal of which
the particle size is greater than 50 mm falls into a coal gangue
separation, feeding and conveying belt machine through a raw coal
chute, the raw coal with a large particle size is conveyed to a
crushing machine by the coal gangue separation, feeding and
conveying belt machine through a feeding chute so as to be crushed,
and then, the crushed raw coal is conveyed to a movable sieve
jigging separation machine to separate gangue from clean coal;
[0051] the separated gangue is crushed by a gangue crushing
machine, and then, the crushed gangue is conveyed to a gangue bin
by a gangue conveyer; the separated clean coal is conveyed to a
coal bin by a clean coal conveyer; an overflow hole and a drainage
hole are formed in a lower end of the movable sieve jigging
separation machine, sewage enters a high-frequency vibrating sieve
through the drainage hole, the sieved sewage and the overflowing
sewage both enter a settling pond, and clean water obtained by
further treatment is circularly supplied to the movable sieve
jigging separation machine; the underground movable sieve jigging
separation method has the advantages of large separation size
range, a small amount of water used by equipment, and a simple
process system;
[0052] step 4: conveying the separated gangue to an underground
gangue bin by a gangue conveying belt, then, conveying the
separated gangue to a gangue filling and coal efficient stope face
from the underground gangue bin by the gangue conveying belt to
perform filling treatment, and then, arranging a filling
synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face; and
[0053] step 5 (as shown in FIG. 3): according to the volume of the
gangue separated by the coal gangue separation system, designing a
length of a filling section 4 of the filling synergistic caving
type fully mechanized coal face, arranging a filling section stope
face, and performing equipment selection and matching; according to
mine production capacity, designing a length of a caving section 6
of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face,
arranging a caving section stope face, and performing equipment
selection and matching; and arranging a transition section 5 of the
filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face between
the filling section 4 and the caving section 6, arranging a
transition section stope face, and performing equipment selection
and matching.
[0054] The equipment selection and matching of the gangue filling
stope face and the coal efficient stope face should follow the
principle of meeting the production capacity of the working faces,
matching technical parameters of the equipment with structure
performance, and realizing filling coal mining of the working
faces; and
[0055] a specific technology is as follows:
[0056] a. coal mining technology: three different types of supports
are arranged on a working face of a gangue filling and coal
efficient stope system, where the support arranged on the filling
section 4 is a filling coal mining hydraulic support 7, the support
arranged on the transition section 5 is a filling coal mining
hydraulic support 8 with a side guard plate, and the support
arranged on the caving section 6 is a traditional fully mechanized
mining hydraulic support 9; the three supports are designed to have
the same unit advance and share a coal cutter 10 and a scraper
conveyer 11, and coal at a exploitation site is conveyed to the
coal gangue separation system by a belt conveyer for separation;
the belt conveyer 18 is arranged beside a conveying lane 17;
[0057] a length of the filling section is mainly determined by the
volume of the underground washed gangue; generally, when the length
of the filling section is in a range of 80 to 120 m, economic and
technical benefits are relatively reasonable; through research and
analysis, a transition region influence range under different
filling states and different exploitation conditions is about 6 m,
so that a length of the transition section is generally determined
to be 6 m, and four filling coal mining hydraulic supports with
side guard plates are arranged; the length of the caving section is
determined according to a total length of the filling synergistic
caving type fully mechanized coal face, and the total length is
calculated from the design production capacity of the working face;
and
[0058] b. filling technology: the underground washed gangue is
conveyed from the gangue bin to a porous bottom-dump conveyer 12 of
the filling section of a mixed mining face through a feeder, a
gangue transport rubber belt conveyer 15 and a self-moving type
transfer machine 14 sequentially, and discharge holes 13 suspended
on the porous bottom-dump scraper conveyer 12 at a rear part of the
gangue filling section are opened according to a certain order to
enable the gangue to naturally fall to a goaf; and the self-moving
type transfer machine 14 and the gangue belt conveyer 15 are
arranged beside a rail lane 17.
[0059] The filling synergistic caving type mixed exploitation fully
exerts double technical advantages of gangue consumption and mine
environment protection of solid filling fully mechanized mining and
high yield and high efficiency of traditional fully mechanized
mining, and the working face has high single production efficiency
and meets the requirements of modern mines for production capacity;
furthermore, the coal mining and filling efficiency of the working
face is effectively adjusted, the filling capability and the coal
mining capability are more balanced, and the purposes of
efficiently mining coal and filling gangue by the working face are
realized; and the filling synergistic caving type mixed
exploitation realizes underground gangue on-site filling and
creatively increases the productivity need of mining with
filling.
[0060] Further, in the step 5, before filling of the filling
synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face, environmental
disaster evaluation of the gangue is required, and if the gangue
causes pollution to an underground environment, the separated
gangue needs to be pretreated to reduce secondary pollution of the
gangue. Specific measures include:
[0061] a. gangue soaking pretreatment: the separated gangue is
soaked in water for pretreatment for several days, so that a
reaction of heavy metal ions on a surface of the gangue tends to
end;
[0062] and
[0063] b. gangue microorganism modification: heavy metal reaction
and migration on the surface of the gangue are inhibited by
adopting a microorganism culture mode, thereby preventing secondary
pollution to a groundwater environment and soil.
[0064] Further, in the step 5, after filling of the filling
synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face, a goaf is
monitored in real time, and if heavy metal ions are precipitated,
pre-control measures are required, specifically including:
[0065] a. paving of an anti-leakage layer on a bottom plate: a
dense material is adopted to pave a floor to inhibit leakage of the
heavy metal ions; and
[0066] b. grouting treatment on the bottom plate: a crack of the
bottom plate is subjected to grouting treatment to inhibit
infiltration of the heavy metal ions.
* * * * *