U.S. patent application number 16/417700 was filed with the patent office on 2020-11-26 for performing low power refresh of a digital-to-analog converter circuit.
The applicant listed for this patent is Silicon Laboratories Inc.. Invention is credited to William Durbin, Mudit Srivastava, Paul Zavalney.
Application Number | 20200373930 16/417700 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005207326 |
Filed Date | 2020-11-26 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200373930 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Srivastava; Mudit ; et
al. |
November 26, 2020 |
Performing Low Power Refresh Of A Digital-To-Analog Converter
Circuit
Abstract
In one embodiment, an apparatus includes: a digital-to-analog
converter (DAC) circuit having a digital portion to receive a
digital value and an analog portion to generate an analog voltage
based on the digital value; and a refresh circuit coupled to the
DAC circuit to clock gate provision of a first clock signal to the
DAC circuit when the digital portion is inactive.
Inventors: |
Srivastava; Mudit;
(Singapore, SG) ; Zavalney; Paul; (Austin, TX)
; Durbin; William; (Austin, TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Silicon Laboratories Inc. |
Austin |
TX |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005207326 |
Appl. No.: |
16/417700 |
Filed: |
May 21, 2019 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H03M 1/002 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H03M 1/00 20060101
H03M001/00 |
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. An apparatus comprising: a digital-to-analog converter (DAC)
circuit comprising a digital portion to receive a digital value and
an analog portion to generate an analog voltage based on the
digital value; and a refresh circuit coupled to the DAC circuit,
the refresh circuit to clock gate provision of a first clock signal
to the DAC circuit when the digital portion is inactive, wherein
the refresh circuit is, in response to overflow of a first timer,
to provide the first clock signal to the DAC circuit to enable the
DAC circuit to refresh the analog voltage according to the digital
value
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the DAC circuit is to send a
refresh completion signal to the refresh circuit after the analog
voltage refresh, and the refresh circuit is to clock gate the
provision of the first clock signal to the DAC circuit in response
thereto.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first timer is clocked
with a second clock signal, the second clock signal having a
substantially lower frequency than the first clock signal.
5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first timer is
configurable to overflow at a controllable duration.
6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first timer is to send an
overflow signal to a latch circuit of the refresh circuit in
response to the overflow to cause the first clock signal to be
ungated.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the DAC circuit is to send a
refresh completion signal to the latch circuit in response to
completion of the analog voltage refresh.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the latch circuit is to cause
the first clock signal to be clock gated in response to the refresh
completion signal.
9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the digital portion comprises
a buffer circuit to store a plurality of digital values, and
wherein the digital portion is to send a selected one of the
plurality of digital values to the analog portion in response to a
conversion trigger.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the digital portion is to
send the selected one of the plurality of digital values to the
analog portion in response to a refresh trigger following the
conversion trigger.
11. A method comprising: generating, in a digital-to-analog
converter (DAC), an analog voltage from a digital value; after
generating the analog voltage, gating a clock signal from being
provided to a digital portion of the DAC; generating a refresh
trigger in response to an overflow of a timer, the timer clocked
with a second clock signal having a substantially lower frequency
than the clock signal; in response to the refresh trigger,
providing the clock signal to the digital portion of the DAC and
generating the analog voltage according to the digital value; and
thereafter gating the clock signal from being provided to the
digital portion of the DAC.
12. (canceled)
13. The method of claim 11, further comprising in response to
receiving a sample conversion trigger, providing the clock signal
to the digital portion of the DAC and generating the analog voltage
according to a selected digital value stored in the DAC.
14. The method of claim 11, further comprising: receiving a new
digital value while the clock signal is gated; storing the new
digital value in a buffer of the DAC; in response to a sample
conversion trigger, providing the clock signal to the digital
portion of the DAC and generating the analog voltage according to
the new digital value.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising, in response to
receiving a refresh trigger after receiving the sample conversion
trigger, providing the clock signal to the digital portion of the
DAC and generating the analog voltage according to the new digital
value.
16. The method of claim 11, further comprising charging a capacitor
with the analog voltage to maintain a reference voltage.
17. An integrated circuit comprising: digital circuitry; clock
generation circuitry to generate at least one clock signal; and an
analog interface comprising: a digital-to-analog converter (DAC)
circuit having: a digital portion to operate at a first clock
signal, the digital portion to receive a digital value; and an
analog portion to generate an analog voltage based on the digital
value; a control circuit coupled to the DAC circuit, the control
circuit to clock gate provision of the first clock signal to the
digital portion in absence of a conversion trigger or a refresh
trigger; and a comparator coupled to the DAC circuit, the
comparator to receive a first analog voltage from a source circuit
and a reference voltage from the DAC circuit, and compare the first
analog voltage to the reference voltage, wherein in response to the
refresh trigger, the control circuit is to enable the first clock
signal to be provided to the digital portion to cause the DAC
circuit to output the reference voltage to the comparator to
refresh a storage element.
18. The integrated circuit of claim 17, wherein the control circuit
comprises a first timer, and in response to expiration of the first
timer, the control circuit is enable the first clock signal to be
provided to the digital portion to cause the DAC circuit to output
the reference voltage to the comparator to refresh the storage
element, the expiration of the first timer comprising the refresh
trigger.
19. The integrated circuit of claim 18, wherein the first timer is
clocked with a second clock signal, the second clock signal having
a substantially lower frequency than the first clock signal.
20. The integrated circuit of claim 17, wherein the control circuit
is to prioritize the conversion trigger over the refresh trigger.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] In many systems, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit
is used to convert a digital value into an analog value. One
example usage of a DAC circuit is to generate an analog reference
voltage. An analog portion of the DAC circuit may cause a digital
portion of the DAC circuit to be in full operation to perform a
periodic refresh of the voltage output to enable maintenance of the
reference voltage. However by maintaining the digital portion
always powered, the DAC circuit can consume an undesirably high
amount of dynamic power.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0002] In one aspect, an apparatus includes: a digital-to-analog
converter (DAC) circuit having a digital portion to receive a
digital value and an analog portion to generate an analog voltage
based on the digital value; and a refresh circuit coupled to the
DAC circuit to clock gate provision of a first clock signal to the
DAC circuit when the digital portion is inactive. In an example,
the refresh circuit is, in response to overflow of a first timer,
to provide the first clock signal to the DAC circuit to enable the
DAC circuit to refresh the analog voltage according to the digital
value. The DAC circuit may send a refresh completion signal to the
refresh circuit after the analog voltage refresh, and the refresh
circuit is to clock gate the provision of the first clock signal to
the DAC circuit in response thereto.
[0003] In an example, the first timer is clocked with a second
clock signal having a substantially lower frequency than the first
clock signal. The first timer may be configurable to overflow at a
controllable duration. The first timer may send an overflow signal
to a latch circuit of the refresh circuit in response to the
overflow to cause the first clock signal to be ungated. The DAC
circuit may send a refresh completion signal to the latch circuit
in response to completion of the analog voltage refresh. This latch
circuit may cause the first clock signal to be clock gated in
response to the refresh completion signal.
[0004] In an example, the digital portion includes a buffer circuit
to store a plurality of digital values, and the digital portion is
to send a selected one of the plurality of digital values to the
analog portion in response to a conversion trigger. The digital
portion may send the selected one of the plurality of digital
values to the analog portion in response to a refresh trigger
following the conversion trigger.
[0005] In another aspect, a method includes: generating, in a DAC,
an analog voltage from a digital value; after generating the analog
voltage, gating a clock signal from being provided to a digital
portion of the DAC; in response to receiving a refresh trigger,
providing the clock signal to the digital portion of the DAC and
generating the analog voltage according to the digital value; and
thereafter gating the clock signal from being provided to the
digital portion of the DAC.
[0006] In an example, the method includes generating the refresh
trigger in response to an overflow of a timer clocked with a second
clock signal having a substantially lower frequency than the clock
signal. In response to receiving a sample conversion trigger, the
clock signal may be provided to the digital portion of the DAC and
the analog voltage is generated according to a selected digital
value stored in the DAC. The method may further include: receiving
a new digital value while the clock signal is gated; storing the
new digital value in a buffer of the DAC; in response to a sample
conversion trigger, providing the clock signal to the digital
portion of the DAC and generating the analog voltage according to
the new digital value. In response to receiving a refresh trigger
after receiving the sample conversion trigger, the clock signal may
be provided to the digital portion of the DAC and the analog
voltage generated according to the new digital value. A capacitor
may be charged with the analog voltage to maintain a reference
voltage, as one use case.
[0007] In another aspect, an integrated circuit includes: digital
circuitry; clock generation circuitry to generate at least one
clock signal; and an analog interface. The analog interface may
include a DAC circuit having: a digital portion to operate at a
first clock signal, the digital portion to receive a digital value;
and an analog portion to generate an analog voltage based on the
digital value. A control circuit may be coupled to the DAC circuit,
to clock gate provision of the first clock signal to the digital
portion in absence of a conversion trigger or a refresh trigger.
The analog interface may further include a comparator coupled to
the DAC circuit, to receive a first analog voltage from a source
circuit and a reference voltage from the DAC circuit, and compare
the first analog voltage to the reference voltage. In response to
the refresh trigger, the control circuit is to enable the first
clock signal to be provided to the digital portion to cause the DAC
circuit to output the reference voltage to the comparator to
refresh a storage element.
[0008] In an example, the control circuit comprises a first timer,
and in response to expiration of the first timer, the control
circuit is to enable the first clock signal to be provided to the
digital portion to cause the DAC circuit to output the reference
voltage to the comparator to refresh the storage element, the
expiration of the first timer comprising the refresh trigger. The
first timer may be clocked with a second clock signal having a
substantially lower frequency than the first clock signal. The
control circuit may prioritize the conversion trigger over the
refresh trigger.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portion of a
digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit in accordance with an
embodiment.
[0010] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a circuit arrangement for
performing low power refresh in accordance with an embodiment.
[0011] FIG. 3 is a timing diagram in accordance with an
embodiment.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method in accordance with an
embodiment.
[0013] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a representative integrated
circuit in accordance with an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] In various embodiments, techniques are provided to enable
low power operation of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit.
More specifically, techniques may be used to reduce power
consumption by the DAC circuit when it is not needed to perform a
conversion, either in response to a conversion trigger or for
refreshing an analog voltage. Understand that such periodic refresh
mechanism operates independently from conventional DAC operation.
As such, DAC sample conversion and periodic voltage maintenance at
a load may co-exist. In embodiments, this periodic refresh
mechanism may operate with respect to a different clock signal.
This different clock signal may be asynchronous to a DAC clock
signal at which the DAC circuit operates. In addition, this
ancillary clock signal may operate at a much lower frequency. In
this way, at least digital portions of the DAC circuit may be
powered off between refresh intervals, reducing power consumption,
particularly when a circuit including the DAC is in a low power
mode. Further note that the refresh operation may be performed
using an existing data sample, such that the refresh mechanism does
not trigger a new DAC sample conversion. As a result, sample data
loading and unloading within buffer circuitry of the digital
portion of the DAC (in preparation for a next conversion operation)
may occur within the refresh time interval.
[0015] Referring now to FIG. 1, shown is a block diagram of a
portion of a DAC circuit in accordance with an embodiment. As shown
in FIG. 1, circuit 100 may include at least a portion of a DAC such
as a voltage DAC and related timing circuitry to enable low power
operation of the DAC as described herein. In different
implementations, all the circuitry shown in FIG. 1 may be included
in the DAC circuit, while in other cases at least some of the logic
circuitry may be located externally to the DAC. In any event,
understand that FIG. 1 shows a representative circuit to enable
refresh activity to occur within the DAC while reducing power
consumption.
[0016] As illustrated, circuit 100 includes a digital portion 110,
which may include various digital circuitry of the DAC. Digital
portion 110 includes a controller 112, which may be any type of
control circuit to perform sample triggers, inputs, resets, clock
control and configuration pertaining to digital portion 110. In
addition, a core state machine 114, which may be implemented as a
finite state machine in an embodiment, may be used to generate
necessary controls and sequences for an analog portion of the DAC
circuit. As further shown, digital portion 110 also includes a
buffer structure 115, which in an embodiment may be implemented as
a first-in first-out (FIFO) buffer. Buffer structure 115 may store
a plurality of digital samples, each of which corresponds to a
digital representation of a voltage to be generated by an analog
portion of the DAC, illustrated as analog DAC circuit 120. Thus, a
selected entry, e.g., a top entry of buffer 115, may be output to
analog DAC circuit 120, to enable generation of an analog voltage
output. Digital portion 110 further receives incoming configuration
information, including refresh rate information as described
herein, via configuration and control signals, e.g., via a
peripheral bus.
[0017] Understand that a voltage DAC as described herein may be
used to generate a variety of different voltage outputs, each of
which may be used as a reference voltage for performing analog
comparisons with incoming analog data, such as received from one or
more sensors. The voltage DAC also may be used to provide stimulus
for control feedback loops, or biasing/power for other circuits or
sensors.
[0018] To enable normal operation of digital portion 110, a clock
generator 130 provides a clock signal that is used to generate a
DAC clock signal. Understand that the frequency of this clock
signal may vary in different implementations. As examples, this DAC
clock signal may be provided at a frequency between 32 kilohertz
(kHz) and 80 megahertz (MHz). In different embodiments, clock
generator 130 may be implemented as a phase lock loop (PLL) or any
other type of clock generation circuit. In one embodiment, clock
generator 130 generates a clock signal at a maximum of 1 MHz, which
is provided on request based on refresh/conversion triggers, such
that the clock signal is by default gated internally until an event
that requests conversion/refresh occurs. In a particular
embodiment, core state machine 114 runs at 1 MHz, and a maximum
sampling rate of analog DAC circuit 120 is 0.5 MHz. It is possible
for FIFO 115, controller 112, and other circuitry in digital
portion 110 to operate at frequencies between 1 MHz to 80 MHz for
quick configuration. Stated another way, clock generator 130
generates a prescaled clock signal to run at a frequency aligned to
generate controls for analog DAC circuit 120.
[0019] To effect power savings when the DAC is not active,
embodiments may perform clock gating of this DAC clock signal. More
specifically as further illustrated in FIG. 1, various triggers may
be input to digital portion 110 to ungate this clock signal to
enable normal operation. Otherwise, in the absence of one of these
triggers, the DAC clock signal may be clock gated, to reduce power
consumption. To this end, digital portion 110 may receive
conversion triggers from various consumers of the DAC output. More
specifically, according to different operating schedules, when a
sensor has a value to be sensed, it may send a conversion trigger
to digital portion 110 to cause the DAC clock signal to be
ungated.
[0020] In addition to the conversion triggers, a refresh trigger
may be provided as described herein to cause the DAC to refresh its
output so that a reference voltage, e.g., as stored on a capacitor,
may be maintained at a desired value.
[0021] To effect the clock gating and triggering of a refresh
operation as described herein, multiple sources of refresh triggers
may be provided. As illustrated in FIG. 1, a first refresh source
may be via an external timer 140, which provides a timer overflow
signal. Such external timer 140 may be present in another component
of a platform. Other external sources can be an on-chip low
frequency timer peripheral running during sleep mode and generating
overflow to provide a trigger to DAC. In addition, an internal
timer 145 may trigger a refresh. Details of a representative
internal timer are described below with regard to FIG. 2. In other
cases, the conversion trigger can also come externally via a GPIO
pin, an external timer peripheral, or an internal timer peripheral
that may run at the DAC conversion rate, different from the refresh
timers. In addition, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or any
other on-chip peripheral can provide a conversion trigger via an
interconnect matrix that connects multiple peripherals
together.
[0022] A selection circuit 150, e.g., a multiplexer, may be
controlled to provide a selected one of these trigger signals out
as a refresh trigger, which as shown is sent both to digital
portion 110 and clock generator 130. In different embodiments,
selection circuit 150 may be statically or dynamically configured
based upon implementation in a given system. Understand while shown
at this high level in the embodiment of FIG. 1, many variations and
alternatives are possible.
[0023] Referring now to FIG. 2, shown is a block diagram of a
circuit arrangement 200 for performing low power refresh in
accordance with an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, circuit
arrangement 200 is a refresh circuit that may be used to clock gate
provision of a DAC clock signal to a DAC circuit 210, in the
absence of a refresh trigger. More specifically as shown in FIG. 2,
circuit arrangement 200 includes a first clock gate circuit 215
coupled to receive a control signal, which when set is to cause
refresh triggers to be provided by way of the refresh circuit.
Clock gate circuit 215 may, in embodiments be implemented as an AND
gate or an integrated clock gating cell (ICG) circuit. In an
embodiment, the control signal may be set using configuration
information. Clock gate circuit 215 further receives a clock signal
for a refresh timer. In various embodiments, this refresh timer
clock signal may be set at a relatively low frequency, and more
particularly a frequency substantially lower than the DAC clock
signal itself. And understand that this refresh timer clock signal
may be asynchronous to the DAC clock signal. In embodiments herein,
this refresh timer clock signal may be set at 32 kHz. Of course
other low frequencies are possible in other embodiments. Note that
when the control signal is not active, clock gate circuit 215
outputs a logic low, causing an internal timer 220 to not operate.
In an embodiment in which an ICG circuit is used, the circuit may
be latched with an enable signal and a gate coupled together, to
avoid a glitch in the clock signal.
[0024] As further shown, the output of clock gate circuit 215 is
provided as a clock signal to internal timer 220. As shown,
internal timer 220 is configured to perform a count operation for a
refresh time interval, which in an embodiment may be a configurable
value received via a refresh interval input. This refresh interval
input thus provides a configurable cycle count, corresponding to a
number of cycles of the refresh timer signal that are counted
before a timer overflow pulse is output from internal timer 220.
This refresh interval is used to time the charge/discharge time of
an external capacitor to ensure a constant voltage at the
output.
[0025] As illustrated, this timer overflow pulse signal is provided
to a latch circuit 225 which in an embodiment may be implemented as
an SR latch. In the embodiment shown, the timer overflow pulse
signal may be provided to a set input of latch circuit 225. As
such, on a positive-going pulse of this timer overflow pulse
signal, the output of latch circuit 225 goes high. This latch
output signal is provided as a first input to another clock gate
circuit 230. As further shown, clock gate circuit 230 has a second
input to receive the DAC clock signal. This DAC clock signal may be
at a substantially greater frequency than the refresh timer signal.
For example, this DAC clock signal may be controlled to operate at,
e.g., 1 MHz. When the latch output goes high, the DAC clock signal
is thus ungated and is provided to a digital portion of DAC circuit
210, to enable generation of an analog voltage output. Note that
after this analog voltage is output, DAC circuit 210 issues a
refresh done signal, which is provided to a clear (CLR) input of
latch circuit 225, thus pulling the output of latch circuit 225
low, causing clock gate circuit 230 to clock gate the DAC clock
signal. In this way, substantial power savings may be realized, as
in the absence of a refresh trigger issued from internal timer 220,
the DAC clock signal is thus clock gated via clock gate circuit
230. Understand while shown at this high level in the embodiment of
FIG. 2, many variations and alternatives are possible.
[0026] Referring now to FIG. 3, shown is a timing diagram in
accordance with an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, various clock
signals are present, including a refresh timer clock signal 310 and
a DAC clock signal 320. Note that until a refresh timer count 312
reaches an overflow condition, DAC clock signal 320 is clock gated,
reducing power consumption. And as shown, upon an overflow of
refresh timer count 312, a refresh timer overflow signal 315 is
issued, causing DAC clock signal 320 to be ungated, to allow a low
power refresh operation to occur such that an analog voltage output
330 is generated and sent from the DAC to a given destination, such
as a storage element, e.g., a capacitor, which holds the charge
corresponding to the voltage, such that the voltage may be used as
a reference voltage for a comparison operation.
[0027] Note that in response to a refresh trigger, the same
settings may be controlled within the analog portion of the DAC to
ensure that the DAC outputs the same analog voltage that it
previously output, allowing this refresh analog voltage output to
be used to refresh a stored analog voltage (e.g., present on a
capacitor). After the sample refresh operation is done, both analog
and digital portions of the DAC may enter into a low power state,
while the refresh circuitry (operating at the lower refresh timer
clock signal 310) continues to operate.
[0028] With an embodiment that performs refreshes, the DAC may
generate a constant reference voltage for a load. Understand that
during a refresh interval, it is possible for a new sample data
conversion to occur. When such new sample data rate conversion
occurs, the next refresh operation is performed with a new voltage
output. Understand that it is also possible in embodiments to
maintain a voltage profiling for an application, such that regular
voltage updates may be realized with periodic refreshes as
described herein. Embodiments may further support parallel data
loading/unloading within buffer circuitry of a digital portion of
the DAC during a refresh interval, as the clock domains are
segregated, and a refresh request is handled asynchronously within
the DAC.
[0029] Referring now to FIG. 4, shown is a flow diagram of a method
in accordance with an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, method 400 is
a method for controlling a DAC circuit to operate with low power
consumption. As such, method 400 may be performed by a DAC circuit
and controller circuitry of the DAC circuit, including hardware
circuitry, firmware, software and/or combinations thereof. As
illustrated, method 400 begins by configuring DAC circuitry with
refresh rate information (block 410). More specifically, depending
upon a use case, a refresh rate can be determined for control of
the DAC. Such refresh rate may be based upon characteristics of
storage elements such as capacitors that store charge corresponding
to voltages output by the DAC circuit. Next at block 420 the DAC
circuit may be enabled for normal operation. And at this point, the
digital portion of the DAC circuit may be clock gated.
[0030] Still with reference to FIG. 4, next a sample conversion
trigger is received (block 430). Understand that there may be
multiple such sample conversion triggers that are issued by various
consumers of a voltage output by the DAC circuit. In response to
such sample conversion trigger, control passes to block 440 where a
digital portion of the DAC circuit may be powered up (including
ungating the DAC clock signal). In this situation, the powered up
DAC circuit may generate an analog voltage according to a selected
data sample. As described herein a FIFO or other buffer circuit of
the DAC circuit may store various digital data values, and a
selected data sample can be used to generate the analog voltage,
which may be provided to a given destination.
[0031] Still with reference to FIG. 4, next at block 450 the
digital portion of the DAC circuit may be clock gated, to realize
reduced power consumption. Next it is determined whether a sample
conversion trigger is received (diamond 460). If so, operation
passes back to block 440 discussed above. Otherwise, in the absence
of such sample conversion trigger, control passes to diamond 470 to
determine whether a refresh trigger has been received. Note in an
example implementation, for a timed application the expected
interval between any trigger is two DAC clock cycles (maximum 1
MHz) in the maximum case. This implies that there is a minimum of 2
microseconds of interval.
[0032] Although FIG. 4 shows an arrangement in which it is first
determined whether a conversion trigger occurs prior to determining
whether a refresh trigger occurs, this order may vary. That is, the
illustration of FIG. 4 is at a high level, and variations are
possible. For example, refresh and conversion triggers may
co-exist. In an embodiment, should such triggers occur at least
substantially concurrently, the conversion trigger may be handled
with greater priority than the refresh trigger. But in case a
conversion trigger is received during a refresh operation, the
conversion trigger is held until the refresh conversion finishes
and then the sample conversion trigger is served, such that it is
delayed but still served. However in case a refresh trigger is
received during a conversion operation, it is simply ignored.
[0033] In response to receipt of such a refresh trigger (which may
occur at a relatively low rate, as described herein), control
passes to block 480, where the digital portion of the DAC circuit
may be powered up (including ungating the DAC clock signal). In
this situation, the powered up DAC circuit may generate an analog
voltage according to the previous data sample to enable a refresh
operation to occur. After the desired analog voltage is generated,
control again passes to block 450 where the digital portion of the
DAC circuit is clock gated. Understand while shown at this high
level in the embodiment of FIG. 4, many variations and alternatives
are possible.
[0034] Referring now to FIG. 5, shown is a block diagram of a
representative integrated circuit 500 which may include refresh
circuitry to enable low power refresh operations to occur in a DAC
as described herein. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, integrated
circuit 500 may be, e.g., a microcontroller, wireless transceiver
or other device that can be used for a variety of use cases,
including sensing, monitoring, embedded applications,
communications applications and so forth. In the embodiment shown,
integrated circuit 500 includes a memory system 510 which in an
embodiment may include a non-volatile memory such as a flash memory
and volatile storage, such as RAM. Memory system 510 couples via a
bus 550 to a digital core 520, which may include one or more cores
and/or microcontrollers that act as a main processing unit of the
integrated circuit. In turn, digital core 520 may couple to clock
generators 530 which may provide one or more phase lock loops or
other clock generation circuitry to generate various clocks for use
by circuitry of the IC. As such, clock generators 530 may include
clock generation circuitry to generate a clock for use by DAC
circuitry, as well as another clock signal, namely a lower
frequency asynchronous clock signal that may be used to trigger
refresh operations as described herein. As further illustrated, IC
500 further includes power circuitry 540. Such power circuits may
include one or more voltage regulators.
[0035] As further illustrated in FIG. 5, additional circuitry may
optionally be present depending on particular implementation to
provide various functionality and interaction with external
devices. Such circuitry may include interface circuitry 560 which
may provide an interface with various off-chip devices, sensor
circuitry 570 which may include various on-chip sensors including
digital and analog sensors to sense desired signals or so forth. In
addition as shown in FIG. 5, RF circuitry 580 may be provided which
may include analog circuitry of a transceiver to enable
transmission and receipt of wireless signals, e.g., according to
one or more of a local area or wide area wireless communication
scheme, such as Zigbee, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, cellular
communication or so forth.
[0036] Still with reference to FIG. 5, an analog interface 590 is
present. Such analog interface may be used to interface between
digital and analog circuitry and effect conversions of signaling
therebetween. In relevant aspects herein, analog interface 590 may
include at least one VDAC 592, which may generate an analog voltage
in response to a received digital sample. Such analog voltage may
be provided to a comparator 594 (as an example), which may use this
incoming analog voltage as a reference voltage for purposes of
performing a comparison to an analog signal received from some
sensor circuitry (either located on-chip or off-chip). To perform a
low power refresh within VDAC 592 to enable maintenance of this
reference voltage on a storage element (e.g., a capacitor included
in or coupled to comparator 594), VDAC 592 is illustrated with a
refresh circuit 593, which may trigger a refresh operation to be
performed by causing an ungating of a DAC clock signal. After the
refresh operation is completed the clock signal may again be gated
to reduce power consumption in the absence of a refresh or
conversion trigger, as described herein. Understand while shown
with this high level view, many variations and alternatives are
possible.
[0037] While the present invention has been described with respect
to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will
appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is
intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and
variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of this present
invention.
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