Drawn Steel Wire

Abstract

A drawn steel wire has a predetermined chemical composition; in a region of the drawn steel wire that is closer to an axis line than a depth of 100 .mu.m from a surface of the drawn steel wire in a lengthwise-section that includes the axis line of the drawn steel wire, a metallographic structure includes 90% or more of a drawn pearlite by an area ratio; in a region of the drawn steel wire that is the depth of 100 .mu.m from the surface of the drawn steel wire in the lengthwise-section, the metallographic structure includes 70% or more of the drawn pearlite by the area ratio; when D in units of millimeters represents a diameter of the drawn steel wire, .sigma..sub.HV represents a standard deviation of a Vickers hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire, and Rp.sub.0.2 represents a yield strength of the drawn steel wire, .sigma..sub.HV<(-9500.times.ln(D)+30000) exp(-0.003.times.Rp.sub.0.2) is satisfied, and a tensile strength TS of the drawn steel wire is 1770 MPa or higher.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a high strength drawn steel wire having a tensile strength TS of 1770 MPa or more.

[0002] Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-139744, filed on Jul. 14, 2016, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

RELATED ART

[0003] A bare drawn steel wire obtained by wire drawing a high carbon steel wire rod, or a coated drawn steel wire obtained by wire drawing a wire rod and thereafter coating the wire rod with Zn plating or the like is used for various applications such as a drawn steel wire for a bridge cable, a drawn steel wire for prestressed concrete, and a drawn steel wire used for various drawn steel wire ropes. Such drawn steel wires are required to have, as important properties, excellent torsional property (number of turns depending on the wire diameter) specified, for example, in the JIS G 3521 (hard drawn steel wire) standard as well as tensile strength.

[0004] However, in general, in a torsion test of a drawn steel wire, longitudinal cracks called delamination easily occur as the strength of the drawn steel wire is increased. That is, it becomes difficult to satisfy excellent torsional property as the strength of the drawn steel wire increases.

[0005] Regarding the above-described problem, in Patent Document 1, a drawn steel wire in which the delamination during twisting is suppressed is proposed as a drawn steel wire having excellent torsional property. Patent Document 1 discloses that the delamination is suppressed by adjusting the surface layer hardness in a transverse section of a drawn steel wire depending on the wire diameter.

[0006] However, it is considered that delamination occurs from the weakest point in the longitudinal direction of the drawn steel wire. Therefore, it is difficult to reliably suppress the delamination merely by controlling the surface layer hardness of a specific transverse section.

[0007] Patent Document 2 discloses a hot dip galvanized drawn steel wire which satisfies torsional property while suppressing proeutectoid cementite by controlling the TS of the drawn steel wire depending on the Si content, the Al content, and the wire diameter. However, in Patent Document 2, only the tensile strength of the drawn steel wire is controlled by the balance between the Si content and Al content, and variations in the structure or mechanical properties of the drawn steel wire for suppressing delamination are not adjusted. Therefore, in Patent Document 2, high strength and the suppression of the delamination are not substantially compatible with each other.

[0008] In the related art, it is considered that torsional property is improved by suppressing the delamination. However, the inventors have found that there are cases where the number of turns (number of turns) until fracture is decreased even when delamination does not occur. Therefore, in consideration of the safety of a structure, not only the delamination is not occurred, but also a number of turns is sufficient, as the torsional property, is required of a drawn steel wire.

[0009] Patent Document 3 discloses that the mass ratio between Ti and N is specified, and the half-width of the (110) plane of ferrite and residual stress on the surface of a drawn steel wire are controlled to cause the yield ratio YR (the ratio between the yield strength YS and the tensile strength TS) to be 80% or less, thereby obtaining a drawn steel wire with no delamination occurred.

[0010] However, in Patent Document 3, a number of turns is not examined although the delamination is examined.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENT

Patent Document

[0011] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 3984393

[0012] [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent No. 3036393

[0013] [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent No. 4377715

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0014] The present invention has been made against a background of the above-described circumstances. An object of the present invention is to provide a drawn steel wire having excellent torsional property, in which delamination does not occur in a torsion test and a sufficient number of turns is shown.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0015] The inventors focused on flow stress due to torsional deformation in the longitudinal direction and the circumferential direction of a drawn steel wire regarding the behavior during occurring delamination, and examined the suppression of the delamination and the improvement in a number of turns. As a result, it was found that the unevenness of strain on the outermost surface due to torsional deformation is decreased by reducing the unevenness of flow stress of the outermost layer regarding the yield stress and the wire diameter of the entire drawn steel wire, resulting in the improvement in torsional property, and the present invention has been completed.

[0016] The present invention has been made on the basis of the above-described knowledge, and the gist thereof is as follows.

[0017] (1) A drawn steel wire according to an aspect of the present invention includes, as a chemical composition, by mass %, C: 0.75% to 1.10%, Si: 0.10% to 1.40%, Mn: 0.10% to 1.0%, Al: 0% to 0.10%, Ti: 0% to 0.10%, Cr: 0% to 0.60%, V: 0% to 0.10%, Nb: 0% to 0.10%, Mo: 0% to 0.20%, W: 0% to 0.50%, B: 0% to 0.0030%, N: limited to 0.0060% or less, P: limited to 0.030% or less, S: limited to 0.030% or less, and a remainder including Fe and impurities; in a region of the drawn steel wire that is closer to an axis line than a depth of 100 .mu.m from a surface of the drawn steel wire in a lengthwise-section that includes the axis line of the drawn steel wire, a metallographic structure includes 90% or more of a drawn pearlite by an area ratio; in a region of the drawn steel wire that is the depth of 100 .mu.m from the surface of the drawn steel wire in the lengthwise-section, the metallographic structure includes 70% or more of the drawn pearlite by the area ratio; when D in units of millimeters represents a diameter of the drawn steel wire, .sigma..sub.HV represents a standard deviation of a Vickers hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire, and Rp.sub.0.2 represents a yield strength of the drawn steel wire, Expression (a) is satisfied; and a tensile strength of the drawn steel wire is 1770 MPa or higher.

.sigma..sub.HV<(-9500.times.ln(D)+30000).times.exp(-0.003.times.Rp.su- b.0.2) (a)

[0018] (2) In the drawn steel wire according to (1), the chemical composition may include, by mass %, at least one selected from the group consisting of Al: 0.001% to 0.10%, Ti: 0.001% to 0.10%, Cr: more than 0% and 0.60% or less, V: more than 0% and 0.10% or less, Nb: more than 0% and 0.10% or less, Mo: more than 0% and 0.20% or less, W: more than 0% and 0.50% or less, and B: more than 0% and 0.0030% or less.

[0019] In the drawn steel wire according to (1) or (2), a coating layer including one or more of Zn, Al, Cu, Sn, Mg, and Si on the surface of the drawn steel wire may be provided.

[0020] In the present invention, as a yield strength YS, 0.2% proof stress (Rp.sub.0.2) is employed.

Effects of the Invention

[0021] According to the aspect of the present invention, it is possible to obtain drawn steel wire having good torsional property by appropriately controlling the chemical composition and the metallographic structure of the drawn steel wire, and suppressing the hardness distribution of the surface of the drawn steel wire to be in an appropriate range depending on the yield strength and the wire diameter of the drawn steel wire. Such a drawn steel wire is used as a drawn steel wire used for applications for various ropes such as a bridge cable, a drawn steel wire for prestressed concrete, and ACSR, and besides, it is useful as a drawn steel wire used for applications in which torsion (twisting) is primarily applied.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG. 1 is a photograph of the surface of a drawn steel wire after hardness measurement is performed on the surface of the drawn steel wire.

[0023] FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between a Guy threshold and a yield strength (Rp.sub.0.2), and torsional property of a drawn steel wire having a wire diameter of 5.0 mm to 5.4 mm in examples regarding each of present invention examples and comparative examples.

[0024] FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a method of determining a number of turns in a torsion test.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0025] Hereinafter, a drawn steel wire according to an embodiment of the present invention (a drawn steel wire according to this embodiment) will be described in detail.

[0026] <Chemical Composition>

[0027] First, the reason for limiting the chemical composition (composition) in the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment will be described. Hereinafter, all % used for each chemical composition means mass %.

[0028] [C: 0.75% to 1.10%]

[0029] C is an element which contributes to high-strengthening of the drawn steel wire by increasing the cementite fraction and refining the lamellar spacing of pearlite. When the C content is less than 0.75%, it is difficult to form pearlite as the principal structure. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.75% or more. The C content is preferably 0.77% or more, and more preferably 0.80% or more. On the other hand, when the C content exceeds 1.10%, proeutectoid cementite precipitates in a wire rod which is the material of the drawn steel wire, and the ductility of the wire rod is deteriorated. In this case, it becomes difficult to perform wire drawing when the drawn steel wire is produced from the wire rod, and the ductility of the drawn steel wire is also deteriorated. Therefore, the C content is set to 1.10% or less. The C content is preferably 1.05% or less, and more preferably 1.00% or less.

[0030] [Si: 0.10% to 1.40%]

[0031] Si is a deoxidizing element and is an element for solid solution strengthening of ferrite. When the Si content is less than 0.10%, sufficient hardenability cannot be secured during heat treatment. In a case where the drawn steel wire is subjected to zinc plating, it is difficult to control an alloy layer. Therefore, the Si content is set to 0.10% or more. The Si content is preferably 0.12% or more, and more preferably 0.15% or more. On the other hand, when the Si content is excessive, decarburization during heating is promoted, and the performance for the mechanical descaling is deteriorated. In addition, a non-pearlite structure is increased during patenting. Therefore, the Si content is set to 1.40% or less. The Si content is preferably 1.30% or less, and more preferably 1.25% or less.

[0032] [Mn: 0.10% to 1.0%]

[0033] Mn is a deoxidizing element and is an element which improves the hardenability of steel. When the Mn content is less than 0.10%, sufficient hardenability cannot be secured during the heat treatment. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 0.10% or more. The Mn content is preferably 0.20% or more, more preferably 0.30% or more. On the other hand, when the Mn content exceeds 1.0%, a pearlitic transformation is delayed and it is difficult to obtain a desired microstructure.

[0034] Therefore, the Mn content is set to 1.0% or less. The Mn content is preferably 0.90% or less, and more preferably 0.80% or less.

[0035] The drawn steel wire according to this embodiment has the essential elements described above, and the remainder thereof basically includes Fe and impurities. However, in addition to each elements described above, one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Cr, V, Nb, Mo, W, and B may be included in the drawn steel wire within the ranges described below. That is, the drawn steel wire includes the essential elements and may include one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Cr, V, Nb, Mo, W, and B, and the remainder thereof is Fe and impurities. Al, Ti, Cr, V, Nb, Mo, W, and B are optional elements, and do not need to be necessarily included in the drawn steel wire. Therefore, the lower limit thereof is 0%.

[0036] In addition, the impurities are elements incorporated from the raw materials such as ore or scrap when steel is industrially manufactured, or from various environments in a manufacturing process, and are allowed in a range in which the properties of the steel are not adversely affected.

[0037] [Al: 0% to 0.10%]

[0038] Al is an element effective as a deoxidizing element. In a case of obtaining this effect, it is preferable to set the Al content to 0.001% or more. The Al content is more preferably 0.005% or more, and even more preferably 0.010% or more. On the other hand, when the Al content is excessive, coarse hard inclusions are formed. In this case, drawability is deteriorated, and stability in continuous casting is deteriorated. Therefore, even in a case of including Al, the Al content is set to 0.10% or less. The Al content is preferably 0.080% or less, and more preferably 0.070% or less.

[0039] [Ti: 0% to 0.10%]

[0040] Ti is an element which is effective as a deoxidizing element and has an action of fixing N in steel and improving drawability. Furthermore, Ti is an element which precipitates as Ti(C, N), functions as pinning particles, and contributes to the refinement of austenite grains. In a case of obtaining these effects, it is preferable to set the Ti content to 0.001% or more. The Ti content is more preferably 0.005% or more, and even more preferably 0.010% or more. On the other hand, when the Ti content is excessive, coarse TiN is formed in a casting stage, and drawability is deteriorated. Therefore, even in a case of including Ti, the Ti content is set to 0.10% or less. The Ti content is preferably 0.03% or less, and more preferably 0.025% or less.

[0041] [Cr: 0% to 0.60%]

[0042] Cr is an element which improves hardenability. In addition, Cr is an element which improves the strength of the drawn steel wire by refining the lamellar spacing of pearlite. In a case of obtaining these effects, it is preferable to set the Cr content to be more than 0%. The Cr content is more preferably 0.05% or more. On the other hand, Cr is an element which stabilizes cementite. Therefore, when the Cr content is excessive, not only the time until the end of a pearlitic transformation is increased, but also proeutectoid cementite is easily formed. In addition, the performance for the mechanical descaling is deteriorated. Therefore, even in a case of including Cr, the Cr content is set to 0.60% or less. The Cr content is preferably 0.50% or less, and more preferably 0.40% or less.

[0043] [V: 0% to 0.10%]

[0044] V is an element which improves hardenability, and is an element which contributes to the refinement of austenite grains when precipitated as carbonitrides in an austenite region and contributes to strengthening of the drawn steel wire when precipitated in a ferrite region. In a case of obtaining these effects, it is preferable to set the V content to more than 0%. The V content is more preferably 0.05% or more.

[0045] On the other hand, when the V content is excessive, the time until the end of the pearlitic transformation is increased, and not only it becomes difficult to form a required metallographic structure, but also the torsional property of the drawn steel wire is deteriorated due to precipitation strengthening of carbonitride. Therefore, even in a case of including V, the V content is set to 0.10% or less. The V content is preferably 0.085% or less, and more preferably 0.070% or less.

[0046] [Nb: 0% to 0.10%]

[0047] Nb is an element which improves hardenability and is an element which contributes to the refinement of austenite grain sizes by its carbonitride acting as pinning particles. In a case of obtaining these effects, it is preferable to set the Nb content to more than 0%. The Nb content is more preferably 0.003% or more.

[0048] On the other hand, when the Nb content is excessive, the time until the end of pearlitic transformation is increased, so that it becomes difficult to form a required metallographic structure. Therefore, even in a case of including Nb, the Nb content is set to 0.10% or less. The Nb content is preferably 0.04% or less, and more preferably 0.03% or less.

[0049] [Mo: 0% to 0.20%]

[0050] Mo is an element which improves the hardenability of steel and is an element which contributes to the refinement of austenite grain sizes by a solute drug. In a case of obtaining these effects, it is preferable to set the Mo content to more than 0%. The Mo content is more preferably 0.03% or more.

[0051] On the other hand, when the Mo content is excessive, the time until the end of the pearlitic transformation is increased, so that it becomes difficult to form a required metallographic structure. Therefore, even in a case of including Mo, the Mo content is set to 0.20% or less. The Mo content is preferably 0.10% or less, and more preferably 0.07% or less.

[0052] [W: 0% to 0.50%]

[0053] W is an element which improves the hardenability of steel. In a case of obtaining this effect, it is preferable to set the W content to more than 0%. The W content is more preferably 0.06% or more.

[0054] On the other hand, when the W content is excessive, the time until the end of the pearlitic transformation is increased, so that it becomes difficult to form a required metallographic structure. Therefore, even in a case of including W, the W content is set to 0.50% or less. The W content is preferably 0.20% or less, and more preferably 0.10% or less.

[0055] [B: 0% to 0.0030%]

[0056] B is an element which segregates at the grain boundary in a solid solution state and suppresses the formation of ferrite, thereby improving drawability. In addition, B is an element having an action for decreasing the amount of solute N by precipitating as BN. In a case of obtaining these effects, it is preferable to set the B content to more than 0%. The B content is more preferably 0.0003% or more.

[0057] On the other hand, when the B content is excessive, carbides of M.sub.23(C, B).sub.6 precipitate at the grain boundary, and the drawability is deteriorated. Therefore, even in a case of including B, the B content is set to 0.0030% or less. The B content is preferably 0.0025% or less.

[0058] In the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment, N, P, and S among the impurities are particularly harmful, so that the amounts thereof need to be limited.

[0059] [N: 0.0060% or Less]

[0060] N is an element which deteriorates the torsional property of the drawn steel wire when present in a solid solution state in steel and thus deteriorates the drawability due to strain aging during wire drawing. Therefore, N is an element to be reduced as much as possible. When the N content exceeds 0.0060%, variation in the hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire is increased, and the range specified in this embodiment cannot be satisfied. Therefore, the N content is limited to 0.0060% or less. The N content is preferably 0.0040% or less. The N content is preferably small. However, when the N content is controlled to less than 0.0010%, the costs in actual production is significantly increased and it influences for controlling other impurities. Therefore, in consideration of the actual production, the N content may be set to 0.0010% or more.

[0061] [P: 0.030% or Less]

[0062] P is an element which contributes to solid solution strengthening of ferrite. At the same time, however, P is also an element which significantly reduces the ductility of steel. In particular, when the P content exceeds 0.030%, the drawability is significantly decreased during wire drawing from a wire rod to the drawn steel wire with a deterioration in ductility. Therefore, the P content is limited to 0.030% or less. The P content is preferably limited to 0.020% or less, and is more preferably limited to 0.012% or less.

[0063] The P content is preferably small. However, when the P content is limited to less than 0.003%, the cost is significantly increased. Therefore, in consideration of the actual production, the P content may be set to 0.003% or more.

[0064] [S: 0.030% or Less]

[0065] S is an element which causes red shortness and is also an element which decreases the ductility of steel. When the S content exceeds 0.030%, the decrease in ductility becomes significant. Therefore, the S content is limited to 0.030% or less. The S content is preferably limited to 0.020% or less, and is more preferably limited to 0.010% or less.

[0066] The S content is preferably small. However, when the S content is limited to less than 0.003%, the cost is significantly increased. Therefore, in consideration of the actual production, the S content may be set to 0.003% or more.

[0067] <Metallographic Structure of Drawn Steel Wire>

[0068] In the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment, it is effective to adjust the chemical composition as described above and simultaneously make the metallographic structure an appropriate structure in order to improve the torsional property.

[0069] The metallographic structure of the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment primarily includes drawn pearlite which is stretched by wire drawing pearlite having a lamellar structure of ferrite and cementite. Specifically, the drawn pearlite indicates pearlite in which the ratio between the maximum length in the axial direction of pearlite grains and the maximum thickness in the direction perpendicular thereto (maximum length in the axial direction/maximum thickness in the direction perpendicular to the axis), that is, the aspect ratio is 1.05 or more, in a section (lengthwise-section) in an axial direction including the axis line of the drawn steel wire, that is, in an lengthwise-section along the wire drawing direction. There may be cases where, ferrite, proeutectoid cementite, bainite, or martensite is present as a non-pearlite structure in addition to the drawn pearlite in the metallographic structure. However, as the fraction (area ratio) of these structures is increased, the torsional property is deteriorated. Therefore, the area ratio of the drawn pearlite in a region (internal region) of the drawn steel wire that is closer to an axis line than a depth of 100 .mu.m from the surface of the drawn steel wire in the lengthwise-section is set to 90% or more. The area ratio thereof is more preferably set to 95% or more. The area ratio of the drawn pearlite may be 100%.

[0070] On the other hand, in the surface layer portion of the drawn steel wire, decarburization occurs or the cooling rate becomes faster than that inside the wire rod in a patenting process for the wire rod, so that the fraction of ferrite, proeutectoid cementite, bainite, or martensite as the non-pearlite structure other than the drawn pearlite tends to be higher than that inside the drawn steel wire.

[0071] However, as the area ratio of these structures is increased, variation in the hardness of the drawn steel wire is increased, and the torsional property is deteriorated. Therefore, as described above, 90% or more of the drawn pearlite is secured in the internal region of the lengthwise-section of the drawn steel wire and then the area ratio of the drawn pearlite in the metallographic structure in the surface layer region of the drawn steel wire is set to 70% or more, and preferably 85% or more. In this embodiment, the surface layer region of the drawn steel wire means a region from the surface of the drawn steel wire to a depth of 100 .mu.m. That is, in the lengthwise-section of the drawn steel wire, the region from the surface of the drawn steel wire to a depth of 100 .mu.m is the surface layer region, and a region that is closer to the axis line (center side) than the surface layer region is the internal region.

[0072] The area ratio of the drawn pearlite of the surface layer region is an average area ratio of the drawn pearlite in the region of the lengthwise-section from the surface to a depth of 100 .mu.m.

[0073] Specifically, the area ratio of the drawn pearlite in the internal region or the surface layer region of the lengthwise-section is obtained as follows.

[0074] At the surface layer region of the lengthwise-section (a position at a depth of 50 .mu.m from the surface), 1/4.times.D (a position at a 1/4 depth of the diameter D of the drawn steel wire from the surface), and 1/2.times.D (a position at a 1/2 depth of the diameter D of the drawn steel wire from the surface), five visual fields are observed at a magnification of 2,000-fold using an optical microscope, and the photographs of the structures in the observed visual fields are taken. Image analysis is performed by marking the non-pearlite structure of the taken photograph and the area ratio of pearlite is measured. Here, a region composed of only ferrite and a structure in which cementite is coarsely scattered in ferrite are determined as the non-pearlite structure. In addition, pearlite in which the ratio between the maximum length in the axial direction of pearlite grains and the maximum thickness in the direction perpendicular thereto (maximum length in the axial direction/maximum thickness in the direction perpendicular to the axis), that is, the aspect ratio is 1.05 or more is determined as the drawn pearlite.

[0075] A value obtained by averaging the area ratios of the drawn pearlite obtained from the photograph of the structure in the surface layer region (a position of 50 .mu.m from the surface) is determined as the area ratio of the drawn pearlite in the surface layer region.

[0076] In addition, a value obtained by averaging the area ratios of the drawn pearlite obtained from the photographs of the structures at 1/4.times.D and 1/2.times.D is determined as the area ratio of the drawn pearlite in the internal region of the lengthwise-section.

[0077] <Variation in Hardness of Surface of Drawn Steel Wire>

[0078] It is considered that the hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire affects the flow stress during torsional deformation. That is, when the hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire varies, strain to be applied during applying torsional deformation is becomes uneven. It is considered that the unevenness may cause the delamination or the fracture at a small number of turns (decrease in number of turns). As a result of experiments and investigations by the inventors, it was found that in a case where a standard deviation (.sigma..sub.HV) is used as variation in the Vickers hardness HV of the surface of the drawn steel wire, when .sigma..sub.HV satisfies Expression (1) in response to the diameter (D [mm]) and the yield strength (Rp.sub.0.2) of the drawn steel wire, the delamination and the decrease in the number of turns can be reliably suppressed when the torsional deformation is applied.

.sigma..sub.HV<(-9500.times.ln(D)+30000).times.exp(-0.003.times.Rp.su- b.0.2) (1)

[0079] Therefore, in the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment, the standard deviation .sigma..sub.HV of the Vickers hardness HV on the surface of the drawn steel wire was specified to satisfy Expression (1). Here, it is preferable that the standard deviation of the Vickers hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire is calculated from a hardness distribution obtained for an area of 500 mm.sup.2 or more at a density of 1 points/mm.sup.2 or more.

[0080] Specifically, the standard deviation .sigma..sub.HV of the Vickers hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire can be obtained by the following method.

[0081] That is, using a portable Rockwell hardness tester, an indenter is vertically pressed against the surface of the drawn steel wire under a load of 5 kgf, and the hardness is measured. At this time, indentation of 800 points or more is performed at intervals of 1 mm or less in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction of the drawn steel wire. The obtained hardness is converted into Vickers hardness, and the standard deviation (.sigma..sub.HV) is obtained on the basis of the converted value.

[0082] In this embodiment, when the hardness is in terms of Rockwell hardness, the resolution of the numerical values of the variation is low. Therefore, a value converted into Vickers hardness using a conversion table is used.

[0083] Regarding zinc plating performed on the drawn steel wire, after a galvanized layer is peeled off by dipping the drawn steel wire in hydrochloric acid containing an inhibitor, the variation in the hardness may be measured in the above-described manner.

[0084] <Tensile Strength>

[0085] Delamination tends to occur in a high strength drawn steel wire having a tensile strength TS of 1770 MPa or more. Therefore, in this embodiment, a high strength drawn steel wire having a tensile strength TS of 1770 MPa or more is targeted. The upper limit of the tensile strength of the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment is not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of ease of production, the upper limit of the tensile strength may be about 2450 MPa.

[0086] <Torsional Property of Drawn Steel Wire>

[0087] The drawn steel wire according to this embodiment aims for not occurring delamination and a number of turns of 20 times or more as the torsional property.

[0088] The torsional property of the drawn steel wire is obtained by conducting a torsion test in which both ends of the drawn steel wire are chucked and one side thereof is rotated, and measuring the number of turns and the torque. The distance between grips in the torsion test is set to 100.times.D (D is the wire diameter [mm]), and the torsion speed is set to 20 rpm.

[0089] As shown in FIG. 3, when longitudinal cracks called delamination is occurred, the torque is decreased. Therefore, occurring or not occurring the delamination can be determined by measuring the torque. In addition, the delamination can be confirmed from the form of the fractured surface.

[0090] In this embodiment, the number of turns until the delamination occurs, or in a case where fracture occurs without delamination, the number of turns until the fracture is used as the number of turns.

[0091] The diameter (wire diameter) of the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment is not particularly limited, and may be determined as appropriate according to the product application, standards, and the like. A typical diameter is about 1.5 mm to 7.0 mm.

[0092] Furthermore, the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment may be obtained by coating the surface of a high carbon drawn steel wire having the chemical composition, metallographic structure, and surface hardness distribution as described above with one or more metals of Zn, Al, Cu, Sn, Mg, and Si. That is, the drawn steel wire may be a coated drawn steel wire having a coating layer including one or more of Zn, Al, Cu, Sn, Mg, and Si on the surface of the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment. The coating layer may also be a plating layer.

[0093] A drawn steel wire used for a bridge cable, a drawn steel wire for prestressed concrete, and the like is subjected to zinc plating on the surface for use in many cases, and a drawn steel wire used for power applications such as aluminium conductors steel reinforced (ACSR) is used in a state in which the surface is coated with Al, Cu, or the like in many cases.

[0094] <Production Method>

[0095] In order to produce the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment, a production method including, for example, the following steps may be applied using steel that satisfies the above described conditions of the chemical composition as a material.

[0096] As long as each condition of the chemical composition or the metallographic structure of the drawn steel wire, and variation in the hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire is in a range specified as above, an effect can be obtained regardless of the production method. Therefore, in a case where a drawn steel wire in which each condition of the chemical composition, metallographic structure, and variation in the hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire is within the range specified as above is obtained by applying a process other than the process exemplified as follows, the drawn steel wire naturally corresponds to the drawn steel wire according to this embodiment.

[0097] First, steel having the chemical composition as described above is subjected to casting and blooming by a known method, thereby producing a steel piece. Thereafter, the steel piece is heated to 1000.degree. C. or higher and 1130.degree. C. or lower. The heating temperature is preferably set to 1000.degree. C. or higher in order to complete austenitizing. In addition, the heating temperature is preferably 1130.degree. C. or less, and more preferably 1100.degree. C. or less in order to suppress coarsening and duplex grain formation of austenite grains. In addition, the holding time after the predetermined heating temperature is reached is preferably shorter than 30 minutes in order to prevent promotion of decarburization of the surface layer and to suppress duplex grain formation of austenite grains.

[0098] A hot rolled steel is obtained by performing rough rolling and finish rolling on the steel piece after the heating. At this time, the temperature of the finish rolling (finish temperature) is adjusted in a range of 850.degree. C. to 980.degree. C. When the finish rolling temperature is lower than 850.degree. C., austenite grains are excessively refined and a pearlitic transformation becomes uneven. On the other hand, when the finish rolling temperature exceeds 980.degree. C., it is difficult to control the austenite grains in a subsequent cooling process. In addition, the rolling reduction during the finish rolling is preferably 35% or more in terms of cumulative rolling reduction in order to control the austenite grains together with cooling process after winding process, which will be described later.

[0099] The hot rolled steel after the hot rolling is held for 15 minutes or longer at a temperature of not lower than 800.degree. C., and the austenite grains are adjusted by sufficiently recrystallizing the austenite grains.

[0100] Next, the hot rolled steel after holding is directly dipped into a molten salt and is held at a temperature of 480.degree. C. or higher and 580.degree. C. or lower. Alternatively, the hot rolled steel is cooled to about room temperature by air blast cooling, thereafter heated to a temperature of the A3 point or higher (austenite region), and then dipped into molten lead at 480.degree. C. or higher and 600.degree. C. or lower. The A3 point of the steel can be obtained by a regression equation described in a known document, for example, "Lectures, Modern Metallurgy, Materials Vol. 4, Ferrous Materials" p.43 and the like.

[0101] The hot rolled steel dipped into the molten salt or molten lead is wire drawn to produce a drawn steel wire having a predetermined diameter. In order to control variation in the hardness of the surface layer of the drawn steel wire during wire drawing, the final pass of the wire drawing at which the strength is maximized is important. Specifically, it is effective to perform, as the final pass of the wire drawing, skin pass wire drawing at a wire drawing rate of 5 m/min to 30 m/min, and preferably 5 m/min to 25 m/min and at a reduction of area of 2.0% to 10.0%.

[0102] When the wire drawing rate exceeds 30 m/min, heat generation due to friction is increased, and thus the temperature of the drawn steel wire is increased. As a result, there is concern that .sigma..sub.HV may be increased. On the other hand, when the wire drawing rate is less than 5 m/min, the amount of a lubricant pulled is decreased. When the amount of the lubricant pulled is decreased, there is concern that seizure may occur or the deformation heating amount may be increased, and the temperature of the wire rod may be increased, resulting in an increase in .sigma..sub.HV.

[0103] Furthermore, when the reduction of area of the final pass (skin pass wire drawing) exceeds 10.0%, the effect of suppressing variation in the hardness cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the reduction of area is less than 2.0%, it is difficult to uniformly process the surface.

[0104] After the wire drawing, hot dip galvanizing or blueing, a heat stretching treatment, and the like may be performed as necessary.

EXAMPLES

[0105] Next, examples of the present invention will be described. The conditions shown in the examples are merely examples adopted for confirming the feasibility and effect of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these conditions. The present invention may adopt various conditions without departing from the gist of the present invention and as long as the object of the present invention is achieved.

[0106] Steel pieces having chemical compositions of kinds of steel A to T shown in Table 1 were subjected to heating, rolling, heat treatments, and wire drawing under conditions shown in Table 2 to produce drawn steel wires. In the tables, DLP indicates direct patenting (direct in-line patenting) with molten salt after rolling, and LP indicates lead patenting. Holding time of Table 2 indicates a holding time at 800.degree. C. or higher.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Kind of Chemical composition (mass %) Remainder: Fe and impurities steel C Si Mn P S Ti Al Cr V Nb Mo W N B A 0.76 0.25 0.77 0.010 0.006 0.010 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0031 -- B 0.77 0.28 0.30 0.011 0.008 -- 0.052 -- -- -- 0.06 -- 0.0028 -- C 0.82 0.21 0.30 0.007 0.005 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0043 -- D 0.82 0.22 0.75 0.009 0.006 -- 0.030 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0039 -- E 0.82 0.95 0.75 0.008 0.008 -- 0.035 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0048 -- F 0.83 0.68 0.88 0.010 0.005 -- 0.035 -- -- 0.020 -- -- 0.0040 -- G 0.83 0.15 0.95 0.007 0.006 -- 0.033 -- 0.050 -- -- -- 0.0038 -- H 0.85 1.30 0.20 0.012 0.009 -- 0.044 0.25 -- -- -- 0.09 0.0022 -- I 0.87 0.92 0.71 0.008 0.004 0.013 0.032 0.08 -- -- -- -- 0.0038 -- J 0.92 0.23 0.70 0.008 0.004 0.013 0.032 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0038 0.0010 K 0.92 1.20 0.35 0.010 0.006 0.016 0.028 0.26 -- -- -- -- 0.0032 -- L 0.92 1.23 0.30 0.010 0.008 0.026 0.025 0.29 -- -- -- -- 0.0035 0.0010 M 0.97 0.24 0.69 0.006 0.004 0.008 0.028 0.05 -- -- -- -- 0.0031 -- N 0.97 1.25 0.32 0.012 0.007 0.018 0.035 0.27 -- -- -- -- 0.0024 0.0015 O 0.99 0.90 0.35 0.010 0.005 -- 0.035 0.10 0.060 -- -- -- 0.0049 -- P 1.02 0.65 0.75 0.009 0.006 0.011 0.030 0.24 -- 0.015 0.06 -- 0.0030 0.0010 Q 1.09 1.10 0.40 0.010 0.008 0.010 -- 0.05 -- -- -- -- 0.0040 -- R 0.65 0.90 0.72 0.008 0.002 0.008 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0035 -- S 0.93 0.21 0.66 0.005 0.006 -- 0.035 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0100 -- T 1.02 1.50 0.75 0.010 0.007 -- 0.032 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0020 --

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Production conditions Heat treatment Hot rolling Holding Cold working Steel piece Cumulative time Re- Drawn Final pass heating finish Finish after heating Solvent steel Wire Kind Temper- rolling temper- Wire finish Heat temper- temper- wire drawing Reduction Post- of ature Time reduction ature diameter rolling treat- ature ature diameter rate of area treat- No. steel [.degree. C.] [min] [%] [.degree. C.] [mm] [sec] ment [.degree. C.] [.degree. C.] [mm] [m/min] [%] ment 1 A 1100 20 35 900 13 20 DLP -- 550 4.0 20 7.1 Blueing 2 A 1100 20 35 900 13 20 LP 900 580 4.0 20 7.1 Blueing 3 B 1130 20 50 920 11 20 DLP -- 550 3.2 20 8.8 Zinc plating 4 C 1080 15 35 860 14 16 DLP -- 520 5.0 20 7.5 Blueing 5 D 1130 10 60 920 5.5 16 DLP -- 550 1.8 28 8.3 -- 6 E 1080 15 40 900 11 20 DLP -- 550 5.2 20 7.3 Zinc plating 7 E 1080 15 40 900 11 20 LP 900 575 5.2 20 7.3 Zinc plating 8 F 1100 10 45 900 8 16 DLP -- 550 2.8 20 6.8 Blueing 9 G 1130 25 60 900 8 16 DLP -- 575 2.8 20 6.8 Zinc plating 10 H 1080 25 40 850 12 16 DLP -- 550 4.5 20 8.3 Zinc plating 11 I 1080 15 35 860 14 16 DLP -- 550 5.4 20 7.0 Zinc plating 12 J 1080 15 40 900 13 20 DLP -- 550 5.0 20 7.5 -- 13 K 1080 20 35 860 12 16 DLP -- 550 5.0 20 7.5 Zinc plating 14 L 1100 20 35 900 14 16 DLP -- 550 7.0 20 8.1 Zinc plating 15 M 1130 25 45 900 9 16 DLP -- 550 3.0 20 9.3 Zinc plating 16 N 1100 15 35 900 14 16 DLP -- 550 7.0 20 8.1 Zinc plating 17 N 1100 15 35 900 14 16 DLP -- 550 7.0 20 8.1 -- 18 N 1100 15 35 900 14 16 DLP -- 550 5.4 20 7.0 Zinc plating 19 N 1100 15 45 900 12 20 DLP -- 550 5.0 20 7.5 Blueing 20 O 1100 15 45 900 12 20 DLP -- 550 5.0 20 7.5 -- 21 P 1080 15 35 900 12 20 DLP -- 550 5.2 20 5.5 Zinc plating 22 Q 1080 15 35 900 16 20 DLP -- 550 7.0 20 8.1 -- x1 A 1100 20 35 900 13 20 DLP -- 550 4.0 120 7.1 Blueing x2 D 1130 10 60 920 5.5 16 DLP -- 550 1.8 120 8.3 -- x3 F 1100 10 45 900 8 16 DLP -- 550 2.8 20 16.3 Blueing x4 G 1130 25 60 900 8 16 DLP -- 575 2.8 120 6.8 Zinc plating x5 H 1080 25 40 850 12 16 DLP -- 550 4.5 120 8.3 Zinc plating x6 I 1080 60 35 860 14 16 DLP -- 550 5.4 20 5.6 Zinc plating x7 I 1160 25 35 860 14 16 DLP -- 550 5.4 20 5.6 Zinc plating x8 K 1080 20 35 860 12 16 DLP -- 550 4.6 40 4.2 Blueing x9 M 1130 25 45 900 9 16 DLP -- 550 3.0 120 9.3 Zinc plating x10 N 1100 20 10 900 14 24 DLP -- 550 7.0 20 8.1 Zinc plating x11 N 1130 15 35 1000 14 16 DLP -- 550 7.0 20 8.1 Zinc plating x12 N 1180 25 35 900 14 16 DLP -- 550 7.0 20 8.1 Zinc plating x13 N 1100 15 45 900 12 20 DLP -- 550 5.0 120 7.5 Blueing x14 N 1100 15 45 900 12 20 DLP -- 550 5.0 20 14.3 Blueing x15 N 1100 15 45 900 12 20 DLP -- 550 5.0 120 14.3 Blueing x16 R 1080 20 35 900 16 20 DLP -- 550 5.0 20 7.5 Blueing x17 S 1080 15 40 900 14 16 DLP -- 550 5.0 20 5.2 -- x18 T 1130 15 35 900 14 16 DLP -- 550 5.4 20 5.6 Zinc plating x19 N 1220 120 35 900 14 16 DLP -- 550 7.0 20 8.1 Zinc plating

[0107] On the obtained drawn steel wires, a tensile test, metallographic structure observation, surface hardness measurement, and a torsion test were conducted.

[0108] <Tensile Test>

[0109] According to the method described in JIS G 3521, the tensile test of the drawn steel wire was conducted under conditions of a distance between grips of 200 mm, a distance between gauges of 50 mm, a tensile rate of 10 mm/min, and the tensile strength TS and the yield strength YS (0.2% proof stress Rp.sub.0.2) were measured.

[0110] <Metallographic Structure Observation>

[0111] At the surface layer region of the lengthwise-section (a position at a depth of 50 .mu.m from the surface), 1/4.times.D (a position at a 1/4 depth of the diameter D of the drawn steel wire from the surface), and 1/2.times.D (a position at a 1/2 depth of the diameter D of the drawn steel wire from the surface), five visual fields were observed at a magnification of 2,000-fold using an optical microscope, and the photographs of the structures in the observed visual fields were taken. Image analysis was performed by marking the non-pearlite structure of the taken photograph and the area ratio of drawn pearlite was measured. At this time, a region composed of only ferrite and a structure in which cementite was coarsely scattered in ferrite were determined as the non-pearlite structure. In addition, pearlite in which the ratio between the maximum length in the axial direction of pearlite grains and the maximum thickness in the direction perpendicular thereto (maximum length in the axial direction/maximum thickness in the direction perpendicular to the axis), that is, the aspect ratio was 1.05 or more was determined as the drawn pearlite.

[0112] A value obtained by averaging the area ratios of the drawn pearlite of each of the visual fields obtained from the photograph of the structure in the surface layer region was determined as the area ratio of the drawn pearlite in the surface layer region of the lengthwise-section.

[0113] In addition, a value obtained by averaging the area ratios of the pearlite obtained from the photographs of the structures at 1/4.times.D and 1/2.times.D was determined as the area ratio of the drawn pearlite in the internal region of the lengthwise-section.

[0114] <Surface Hardness Measurement>

[0115] The hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire was measured by a portable Rockwell hardness tester. An indenter was vertically driven with a load of 5 kgf against the surface of the drawn steel wire, and the hardness was measured. The hardness was obtained by performing indentation of 800 points or more at intervals of 1 mm or less in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction of the drawn steel wire. FIG. 1 shows an example of an external appearance photograph of the drawn steel wire surface of the drawn steel wire driven by the indenter.

[0116] Each of hardnesses obtained was converted into a Vickers hardness, and the standard deviation (.sigma..sub.HV) was obtained from the converted value.

[0117] From the value of the yield strength obtained by the tensile test and the wire diameter (diameter of the drawn steel wire), the threshold of the standard deviation corresponding to the right side of Expression (1) was obtained. Then, by comparing these values, variation in the hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire was evaluated.

[0118] In addition, for the drawn steel wire subjected to zinc plating, the plating layer was peeled off by dipping the drawn steel wire in hydrochloric acid containing an inhibitor, and the variation in the hardness was measured in the above-described manner.

[0119] <Torsion Test>

[0120] Evaluation of the torsional property of each of the drawn steel wires was performed on the basis of the torsion test method of JIS G 3521 by conducting a torsion test in which both ends of the drawn steel wire were chucked and one side thereof was rotated, and measuring the number of turns and the torque. The form of the fractured surface was checked. In the torsion test, the distance between grips was set to 100.times.D (D is the wire diameter [mm]), and the torsion speed was set to 20 rpm.

[0121] The number of turns until the delamination occurred, or in a case where fracture occurred without delamination, the number of turns until the fracture was used as the number of turns. In a case where the number of turns was 20 times or more without delamination, excellent torsional property was determined.

[0122] Table 3 shows the properties of each of the drawn steel wires obtained.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Properties of drawn steel wire Metallographic structure Area ratio of drawn Area ratio of drawn Surface hardness Torsional property Tensile properties pearlite in surface pearlite in .sigma..sub.HV Number of TS YS Yield layer region internal region .sigma..sub.HV threshold turns No. [MPa] [MPa] ratio [%] [%] [HV] [HV] (Times) Delamination Division 1 2200 1860 0.85 95 98 60 63.5 25 Not occurred Present 2 2180 1870 0.86 92 98 55 61.6 30 Not occurred Invention 3 1980 1750 0.88 90 99 45 99.4 24 Not occurred 4 2020 1720 0.85 93 96 55 84.5 29 Not occurred 5 2240 1690 0.75 95 99 70 153.4 31 Not occurred 6 1830 1710 0.93 85 98 48 84.8 27 Not occurred 7 1880 1730 0.92 80 99 56 79.9 28 Not occurred 8 2200 1880 0.85 90 97 70 71.8 29 Not occurred 9 2060 1860 0.90 91 98 60 76.3 26 Not occurred 10 2160 1900 0.88 78 95 48 52.6 21 Not occurred 11 2020 1870 0.93 82 97 42 51.2 24 Not occurred 12 2120 1650 0.78 95 99 85 104.2 28 Not occurred 13 2100 1860 0.89 88 95 52 55.5 22 Not occurred 14 1960 1770 0.90 78 96 45 56.9 20 Not occurred 15 2120 1880 0.89 95 98 49 69.5 24 Not occurred 16 2060 1860 0.90 80 97 42 43.4 21 Not occurred 17 2090 1750 0.84 80 97 53 60.4 28 Not occurred 18 2210 1980 0.90 80 97 35 36.8 21 Not occurred 19 2250 1960 0.87 85 97 38 41.1 22 Not occurred 20 2320 1860 0.80 82 97 51 55.5 27 Not occurred 21 2150 1880 0.87 92 96 45 50.9 23 Not occurred 22 2220 1780 0.80 95 98 53 55.2 26 Not occurred x1 2230 1940 0.87 95 98 62 49.9 12 Occurred Comparative x2 2280 1850 0.81 95 99 105 94.9 10 Occurred Example x3 2200 1880 0.85 90 97 78 71.8 14 Occurred x4 2050 1900 0.90 91 98 85 76.3 8 Occurred x5 2140 1920 0.88 78 95 67 52.6 5 Occurred x6 2010 1870 0.93 66 94 55 51.2 8 Occurred x7 2040 1900 0.93 69 97 58 46.8 5 Occurred x8 2250 2000 0.89 88 95 45 38.4 16 Not occurred x9 2110 1890 0.89 95 98 72 69.5 18 Occurred x10 2030 1880 0.93 82 96 58 40.9 4 Occurred x11 2060 1900 0.92 85 95 48 38.5 7 Occurred x12 2010 1840 0.92 68 98 67 46.1 3 Occurred x13 2300 2040 0.87 85 97 72 32.3 10 Occurred x14 2250 1990 0.87 85 97 40 37.6 15 Occurred x15 2280 2010 0.87 85 97 45 35.4 12 Occurred x16 2060 1850 0.90 65 88 65 57.2 11 Occurred x17 2190 1750 0.80 95 97 88 77.2 13 Occurred x18 2240 2050 0.92 55 89 47 29.8 4 Occurred x19 2010 1830 0.91 30 97 45 47.5 15 Occurred

[0123] Test Nos. 1 to 22 shown in Tables 1 to 3 are examples (present invention examples) of the drawn steel wires which satisfy each of the conditions specified in the present invention, and it was confirmed that all the examples were excellent in torsional property.

[0124] On the other hand, in Test Nos. .times.1 to .times.19 of comparative examples, production conditions such as the chemical compositions or the wire drawing conditions were not appropriate, and conditions for the metallographic structure and/or the variation in the surface hardness deviated from the ranges specified in the present invention. As a result, good torsional property was not obtained.

[0125] FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the .sigma..sub.HV threshold (the value on the right side of (1) described above) and the yield strength, and twisting properties of the drawn steel wires having a wire diameter in a range of 5.0 mm to 5.4 mm among the present invention examples and the comparative examples in the examples. In FIG. 2, an O mark indicates that delamination had not occurred and the number of turns was 20 times or more, and an X mark indicates that the number of turns was less than 20 times. It is apparent from FIG. 2 that high strength and excellent torsional property can be obtained within the ranges specified in the present invention.

[0126] While the preferred embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described above, these embodiments and examples are merely examples within the scope of the gist of the present invention, and additions, omissions, substitutions, and other changes regarding the configuration are possible without departing from the gist of the present invention. That is, the present invention is not limited by the above description but is limited only by the claims, and appropriate changes can be made within the scope thereof.

Claims

1. A drawn steel wire comprising, as a chemical composition, by mass %: C: 0.75% to 1.10%, Si: 0.10% to 1.40%, Mn: 0.10% to 1.0%, Al: 0% to 0.10%, Ti: 0% to 0.10%, Cr: 0% to 0.60%, V: 0% to 0.10%, Nb: 0% to 0.10%, Mo: 0% to 0.20%, W: 0% to 0.50%, B: 0% to 0.0030%, N: limited to 0.0060% or less, P: limited to 0.030% or less, S: limited to 0.030% or less, and a remainder including Fe and impurities; wherein in a region of the drawn steel wire that is closer to an axis line than a depth of 100 .mu.m from a surface of the drawn steel wire in a lengthwise-section that includes the axis line of the drawn steel wire, a metallographic structure includes 90% or more of a drawn pearlite by an area ratio; in a region of the drawn steel wire that is the depth of 100 .mu.m from the surface of the drawn steel wire in the lengthwise-section, the metallographic structure includes 70% or more of the drawn pearlite by the area ratio; when D in units of millimeters represents a diameter of the drawn steel wire, Gm/represents a standard deviation of a Vickers hardness of the surface of the drawn steel wire, and Rp.sub.0.2 represents a yield strength of the drawn steel wire, Expression (1) is satisfied; and a tensile strength of the drawn steel wire is 1770 MPa or higher. .sigma..sub.HV<(-9500.times.ln(D)+30000).times.exp(-0.003.times.Rp.sub- .0.2) (1)

2. The drawn steel wire according to claim 1, wherein the chemical composition includes, by mass %, at least one selected from the group consisting of Al: 0.001% to 0.10%, Ti: 0.001% to 0.10%, Cr: more than 0% and 0.60% or less, V: more than 0% and 0.10% or less, Nb: more than 0% and 0.10% or less, Mo: more than 0% and 0.20% or less, W: more than 0% and 0.50% or less, and B: more than 0% and 0.0030% or less.

3. The drawn steel wire according to claim 1, wherein a coating layer including one or more of Zn, Al, Cu, Sn, Mg, and Si on the surface of the drawn steel wire is provided.

4. The drawn steel wire according to claim 2, wherein a coating layer including one or more of Zn, Al, Cu, Sn, Mg, and Si on the surface of the drawn steel wire is provided.

Images