U.S. patent application number 16/983448 was filed with the patent office on 2020-11-19 for method for obtaining positioning information in wireless communication system and apparatus therefor.
The applicant listed for this patent is LG Electronics Inc.. Invention is credited to Hyunsu CHA, Kijun KIM, Hyunsoo KO, Sukhyon YOON.
Application Number | 20200367193 16/983448 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005047462 |
Filed Date | 2020-11-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200367193 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
CHA; Hyunsu ; et
al. |
November 19, 2020 |
METHOD FOR OBTAINING POSITIONING INFORMATION IN WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Abstract
The present disclosure discloses a method of reporting
positioning information by a UE in a wireless communication system.
The method includes receiving a synchronization signal
(SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block related to cell
search, obtaining system information from a PBCH included in the
SS/PBCH block, receiving information related to a plurality of
positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets including a
plurality of PRS resources, and obtaining pieces of positioning
information based on PRSs received through the plural PRS
resources. At least one piece of positioning information among the
pieces of positioning information and information related to a PRS
resource for the at least one piece of positioning information are
used for positioning reporting of the UE.
Inventors: |
CHA; Hyunsu; (Seoul, KR)
; YOON; Sukhyon; (Seoul, KR) ; KIM; Kijun;
(Seoul, KR) ; KO; Hyunsoo; (Seoul, KR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
LG Electronics Inc. |
Seoul |
|
KR |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005047462 |
Appl. No.: |
16/983448 |
Filed: |
August 3, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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PCT/KR2020/000504 |
Jan 10, 2020 |
|
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16983448 |
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62791523 |
Jan 11, 2019 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W 76/11 20180201;
H04B 17/318 20150115; H04L 5/0048 20130101; G01S 5/0236 20130101;
H04W 56/001 20130101; H04B 17/336 20150115; H04W 72/005 20130101;
H04W 64/006 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04W 64/00 20060101
H04W064/00; H04L 5/00 20060101 H04L005/00; G01S 5/02 20060101
G01S005/02; H04W 56/00 20060101 H04W056/00; H04W 72/00 20060101
H04W072/00; H04W 76/11 20060101 H04W076/11; H04B 17/318 20060101
H04B017/318; H04B 17/336 20060101 H04B017/336 |
Claims
1. A method of acquiring positioning information by a user
equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method
comprising: receiving a synchronization signal (SS)/physical
broadcast channel (PBCH) block related to cell search; obtaining
system information from a PBCH included in the SS/PBCH block;
receiving information related to a plurality of positioning
reference signal (PRS) resource sets including a plurality of PRS
resources; and obtaining positioning information based on PRSs
received through the plurality of PRS resources, wherein at least
one positioning information among the positioning information and
information related to a PRS resource for the at least one
positioning information are used for positioning reporting of the
UE.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information related to the
PRS resource includes an identifier (ID) of a PRS resource set
including the PRS resource.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the information related to the
PRS resource further includes an ID for a transmission and
reception point (TRP) to which the PRS resource set is
allocated.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the positioning information are
reference signal received powers (RSRPs) or
signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) for the PRS
resources.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the information related to the
PRS resource is information related to a PRS resource having a
maximum RSRP among the RSRPs or information related to a PRS
resource having a maximum SINR among the SINRs.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of PRS
resource sets is related with each of a plurality of base stations
(BSs).
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE communicates with at least
one of another UE, a network, a base station (BS), or a
self-driving vehicle.
8. An apparatus for acquiring positioning information in a wireless
communication system, the apparatus comprising: at least one
processor; and at least one memory operably connected to the at
least one processor and configured to store instructions for
causing, when executed, the at least one processor to perform a
specific operation, wherein the specific operation includes
receiving a synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel
(PBCH) block related to cell search, obtaining system information
from a PBCH included in the SS/PBCH block, receiving information
related to a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS)
resource sets including a plurality of PRS resources, and obtaining
positioning information based on PRSs received through the
plurality of PRS resources, wherein at least one positioning
information among the positioning information and information
related to a PRS resource for the at least one positioning
information are used for positioning reporting of the
apparatus.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the information related to the
PRS resource includes an identifier (ID) of a PRS resource set
including the PRS resource.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the information related to
the PRS resource further includes an ID for a transmission and
reception point (TRP) to which the PRS resource set is
allocated.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the positioning information
are reference signal received powers (RSRPs) or
signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) for the PRS
resources.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the information related to
the PRS resource is information related to a PRS resource having a
maximum RSRP among the RSRPs or information related to a PRS
resource having a maximum SINR among the SINRs.
13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of PRS
resource sets is related with each of a plurality of base stations
(BSs).
14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus communicates
with at least one of a UE, a network, a base station (BS), or a
self-driving vehicle.
15. A user equipment (UE) for acquiring positioning information in
a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: at least one
transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory
operably connected to the at least one processor and configured to
store instructions for causing, when executed, the at least one
processor to perform a specific operation, wherein the specific
operation includes receiving a synchronization signal (SS)/physical
broadcast channel (PBCH) block related to cell search through the
at least one transceiver, obtaining system information from a PBCH
included in the SS/PBCH block, receiving information related to a
plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets
including a plurality of PRS resources through at least one
transceiver, and obtaining positioning information based on PRSs
received through the plurality of PRS resources, wherein at least
one positioning information among the positioning information and
information related to a PRS resource for the at least one
positioning information are used for positioning reporting of the
UE.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of International
Application No. PCT/KR2020/000504, filed on Jan. 10, 2020, which
claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/791,523,
filed on Jan. 11, 2019. The disclosures of the prior applications
are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to a method of acquiring
positioning information in a wireless communication system and an
apparatus therefor and, more particularly, to a method of acquiring
positioning information by receiving a positioning reference signal
(PRS), and an apparatus therefor.
BACKGROUND
[0003] As more and more communication devices require larger
communication capacities, there is a need for enhanced mobile
broadband communication (eMBB), compared to legacy radio access
technologies (RATs). In addition, massive machine type
communications (mMTC) which connects multiple devices and objects
to one another to provide various services at any time in any place
is one of main issues to be considered for future-generation
communications. Besides, a communication system design which
considers services sensitive to reliability and latency is under
discussion. As such, the introduction of a future-generation RAT in
consideration of eMBB, mMTC, ultra-reliable and low-latency
communication (URLLC), and so on is under discussion. In the
present disclosure, this technology is referred to as New RAT, for
the convenience's sake.
SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure provides a method of acquiring
positioning information and an apparatus therefor.
[0005] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that
the objects that could be achieved with the present disclosure are
not limited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and
the above and other objects that the present disclosure could
achieve will be more clearly understood from the following detailed
description.
[0006] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, provided
herein is a method of acquiring positioning information by a user
equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, including
receiving a synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel
(PBCH) block related to cell search, acquiring system information
from a PBCH included in the SS/PBCH block, receiving information
related to a plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS)
resource sets including a plurality of PRS resources, and acquiring
pieces of positioning information based on PRSs received through
the plural PRS resources. At least one piece of positioning
information among the pieces of positioning information and
information related to a PRS resource for the at least one piece of
positioning information may be used for positioning reporting of
the UE.
[0007] The information related to the PRS resource may include an
identifier (ID) of a PRS resource set including the PRS
resource.
[0008] The information related to the PRS resource may further
include an ID for a transmission and reception point (TRP) to which
the PRS resource set is allocated.
[0009] The pieces of positioning information may be reference
signal received powers (RSRPs) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise
ratios (SINRs) for the PRS resources.
[0010] The information related to the PRS resource may be
information related to a PRS resource having a maximum RSRP among
the RSRPs or information related to a PRS resource having a maximum
SINR among the SINRs.
[0011] Each of the plural PRS resource sets may be related with
each of a plurality of base stations (BSs).
[0012] The UE may communicate with at least one of another UE, a
network, a base station (BS), or a self-driving vehicle.
[0013] According to another aspect of the present disclosure,
provided herein is an apparatus for acquiring positioning
information in a wireless communication system, including at least
one processor; and at least one memory operably connected to the at
least one processor and configured to store instructions for
causing, when executed, the at least one processor to perform a
specific operation. The specific operation includes receiving a
synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block
related to cell search, acquiring system information from a PBCH
included in the SS/PBCH block, receiving information related to a
plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets
including a plurality of PRS resources, and acquiring pieces of
positioning information based on PRSs received through the plural
PRS resources. At least one piece of the positioning information
among the positioning information and information related to a PRS
resource for the at least one piece of the positioning information
may be used for positioning reporting of a user equipment (UE).
[0014] The information related to the PRS resource may include an
identifier (ID) of a PRS resource set including the PRS
resource.
[0015] The information related to the PRS resource may further
include an ID for a transmission and reception point (TRP) to which
the PRS resource set is allocated.
[0016] The pieces of positioning information may be reference
signal received powers (RSRPs) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise
ratios (SINRs) for the PRS resources.
[0017] The information related to the PRS resource may be
information related to a PRS resource having a maximum RSRP among
the RSRPs or information related to a PRS resource having a maximum
SINR among the SINRs.
[0018] Each of the plural PRS resource sets may be related with
each of a plurality of base stations (BSs).
[0019] The apparatus may communicate with at least one of a UE, a
network, a base station (BS), or a self-driving vehicle.
[0020] According to another aspect of the present disclosure,
provided herein is a user equipment (UE) for acquiring positioning
information in a wireless communication system, including at least
one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory
operably connected to the at least one processor and configured to
store instructions for causing, when executed, the at least one
processor to perform a specific operation. The specific operation
includes receiving a synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast
channel (PBCH) block related to cell search through the at least
one transceiver, acquiring system information from a PBCH included
in the SS/PBCH block, receiving information related to a plurality
of positioning reference signal (PRS) resource sets including a
plurality of PRS resources through at least one transceiver, and
acquiring pieces of positioning information based on PRSs received
through the plural PRS resources. At least one piece of positioning
information among the pieces of positioning information and
information related to a PRS resource for the at least one piece of
positioning information may be used for positioning reporting of
the UE
[0021] According to the present disclosure, accuracy may be
improved in measuring the position of a UE.
[0022] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that
the effects that can be achieved with the present disclosure are
not limited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and
other advantages of the present disclosure will be more clearly
understood from the following detailed description taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] FIG. 1 is a view illustrating an example of a network
architecture of an NR system.
[0024] FIGS. 2 to 4 are views illustrating an artificial
intelligence (AI) system and apparatus for implementing embodiments
of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 5 is a view illustrating the control-plane and
user-plane architecture of radio interface protocols between a user
equipment (UE) and an evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network
(E-UTRAN) in conformance to a 3rd generation partnership project
(3GPP) radio access network standard.
[0026] FIG. 6 is a view illustrating physical channels and a
general signal transmission method using the physical channels in a
3GPP system.
[0027] FIG. 7 is a view for explaining an embodiment of a
discontinuous reception (DRX) operation.
[0028] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate an exemplary pattern to which a
positioning reference signal (PRS) is mapped in an LTE system.
[0029] FIGS. 9 and 10 are views illustrating the architecture of a
system for measuring the position of a UE and a procedure of
measuring the position of the UE.
[0030] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary protocol layer used to
support LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message transfer.
[0031] FIG. 12 is a view illustrating an exemplary protocol layer
used to support NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) protocol data
unit (PDU) transfer.
[0032] FIG. 13 is a view illustrating an embodiment of a observed
time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning method.
[0033] FIGS. 14 and 15 are views illustrating a structure and a
method for transmission of a synchronization signal block (SSB)
used in an NR system.
[0034] FIG. 16 is a view illustrating a reporting procedure of
channel state information (CSI).
[0035] FIGS. 17 to 19 are views illustrating structures of a radio
frame and slots used in a new RAT (NR) system.
[0036] FIGS. 20A and 20B illustrate exemplary allocation of PRB
resources according to the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary configuration of a PRS
occasion according to the present disclosure.
[0038] FIGS. 22 to 25 are views illustrating operation
implementation examples of a UE, a BS, and a location server
according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 26 is a view illustrating an exemplary wireless
communication environment to which embodiments of the present
disclosure are applicable.
[0040] FIGS. 27 to 31 are views illustrating exemplary various
wireless devices and an exemplary signal processing circuit to
which embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable.
[0041] FIG. 32 illustrates an exemplary location server to which
embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] The configuration, operation, and other features of the
present disclosure will readily be understood with embodiments of
the present disclosure described with reference to the attached
drawings. Embodiments of the present disclosure as set forth herein
are examples in which the technical features of the present
disclosure are applied to a 3rd generation partnership project
(3GPP) system.
[0043] While embodiments of the present disclosure are described in
the context of long term evolution (LTE) and LTE-advanced (LTE-A)
systems, they are purely exemplary. Therefore, the embodiments of
the present disclosure are applicable to any other communication
system as long as the above definitions are valid for the
communication system.
[0044] The term, base station (BS) may be used to cover the
meanings of terms including remote radio head (RRH), evolved Node B
(eNB or eNode B), transmission point (TP), reception point (RP),
relay, and so on.
[0045] The 3GPP communication standards define downlink (DL)
physical channels corresponding to resource elements (REs) carrying
information originated from a higher layer, and DL physical signals
which are used in the physical layer and correspond to REs which do
not carry information originated from a higher layer. For example,
physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broadcast
channel (PBCH), physical multicast channel (PMCH), physical control
format indicator channel (PCFICH), physical downlink control
channel (PDCCH), and physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH)
are defined as DL physical channels, and reference signals (RSs)
and synchronization signals (SSs) are defined as DL physical
signals. An RS, also called a pilot signal, is a signal with a
predefined special waveform known to both a gNode B (gNB) and a
user equipment (UE). For example, cell specific RS, UE-specific RS
(UE-RS), positioning RS (PRS), and channel state information RS
(CSI-RS) are defined as DL RSs. The 3GPP LTE/LTE-A standards define
uplink (UL) physical channels corresponding to REs carrying
information originated from a higher layer, and UL physical signals
which are used in the physical layer and correspond to REs which do
not carry information originated from a higher layer. For example,
physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), physical uplink control
channel (PUCCH), and physical random access channel (PRACH) are
defined as UL physical channels, and a demodulation reference
signal (DMRS) for a UL control/data signal, and a sounding
reference signal (SRS) used for UL channel measurement are defined
as UL physical signals.
[0046] In the present disclosure, the PDCCH/PCFICH/PHICH/PDSCH
refers to a set of time-frequency resources or a set of REs, which
carry downlink control information (DCI)/a control format indicator
(CFI)/a DL acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK)/DL
data. Further, the PUCCH/PUSCH/PRACH refers to a set of
time-frequency resources or a set of REs, which carry UL control
information (UCI)/UL data/a random access signal. In the present
disclosure, particularly a time-frequency resource or an RE which
is allocated to or belongs to the
PDCCH/PCFICH/PHICH/PDSCH/PUCCH/PUSCH/PRACH is referred to as a
PDCCH RE/PCFICH RE/PHICH RE/PDSCH RE/PUCCH RE/PUSCH RE/PRACH RE or
a PDCCH resource/PCFICH resource/PHICH resource/PDSCH
resource/PUCCH resource/PUSCH resource/PRACH resource. Hereinbelow,
if it is said that a UE transmits a PUCCH/PUSCH/PRACH, this means
that UCI/UL data/a random access signal is transmitted on or
through the PUCCH/PUSCH/PRACH. Further, if it is said that a gNB
transmits a PDCCH/PCFICH/PHICH/PDSCH, this means that DCI/control
information is transmitted on or through the
PDCCH/PCFICH/PHICH/PDSCH.
[0047] Hereinbelow, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM) symbol/carrier/subcarrier/RE to which a
CRS/DMRS/CSI-RS/SRS/UE-RS is allocated to or for which the
CRS/DMRS/CSI-RS/SRS/UE-RS is configured is referred to as a
CRS/DMRS/CSI-RS/SRS/UE-RS symbol/carrier/subcarrier/RE. For
example, an OFDM symbol to which a tracking RS (TRS) is allocated
or for which the TRS is configured is referred to as a TRS symbol,
a subcarrier to which a TRS is allocated or for which the TRS is
configured is referred to as a TRS subcarrier, and an RE to which a
TRS is allocated or for which the TRS is configured is referred to
as a TRS RE. Further, a subframe configured to transmit a TRS is
referred to as a TRS subframe. Further, a subframe carrying a
broadcast signal is referred to as a broadcast subframe or a PBCH
subframe, and a subframe carrying a synchronization signal (SS)
(e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and/or a secondary
synchronization signal (SSS)) is referred to as an SS subframe or a
PSS/SSS subframe. An OFDM symbol/subcarrier/RE to which a PSS/SSS
is allocated or for which the PSS/SSS is configured is referred to
as a PSS/SSS symbol/subcarrier/RE.
[0048] In the present disclosure, a CRS port, a UE-RS port, a
CSI-RS port, and a TRS port refer to an antenna port configured to
transmit a CRS, an antenna port configured to transmit a UE-RS, an
antenna port configured to transmit a CSI-RS, and an antenna port
configured to transmit a TRS, respectively. Antenna port configured
to transmit CRSs may be distinguished from each other by the
positions of REs occupied by the CRSs according to CRS ports,
antenna ports configured to transmit UE-RSs may be distinguished
from each other by the positions of REs occupied by the UE-RSs
according to UE-RS ports, and antenna ports configured to transmit
CSI-RSs may be distinguished from each other by the positions of
REs occupied by the CSI-RSs according to CSI-RS ports. Therefore,
the term CRS/UE-RS/CSI-RS/TRS port is also used to refer to a
pattern of REs occupied by a CRS/UE-RS/CSI-RS/TRS in a
predetermined resource area.
[0049] FIG. 1 is a view illustrating an example of a network
architecture of an NR system.
[0050] The structure of the NR system broadly includes a
next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) and a next-generation
core (NGC) network. The NGC is also referred to as a SGC.
[0051] Referring to FIG. 1, the NG-RAN includes gNBs that provide a
UE with user plane protocol (e.g., SDAP, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY)
and control plane protocol (e.g., RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY)
terminations. The gNBs are interconnected through an Xn interface.
The gNBs are connected to the NGC through an NG interface. For
example, the gNBs are connected to a core network node having an
access and mobility management function (AMF) through an N2
interface, which is one of interfaces between the gNBs and the NGC
and to a core network node having a user plane function (UPF)
through an N3 interface, which is another interface between the gNB
and the NGC. The AMF and the UPF may be implemented by different
core network devices or may be implemented by one core network
device. In the RAN, signal transmission/reception between a BS and
a UE is performed through a radio interface. For example, signal
transmission/reception between the BS and the UE in the RAN is
performed through a physical resource (e.g., a radio frequency
(RF)). In contrast, signal transmission/reception between the gNB
and the network functions (e.g., AMF and UPF) in the core network
may be performed through physical connection (e.g., optical cable)
between the core network nodes or through logical connection
between the core network functions, rather than through the radio
interface.
[0052] Now, 5G communication including an NR system will be
described.
[0053] Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a
category of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) a category of
massive machine type communication (mMTC), and (3) a category of
ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).
[0054] Partial use cases may require a plurality of categories for
optimization and other use cases may focus only upon one key
performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports such various use cases
using a flexible and reliable method.
[0055] eMBB far surpasses basic mobile Internet access and covers
abundant bidirectional tasks and media and entertainment
applications in cloud and augmented reality. Data is one of 5G core
motive forces and, in a 5G era, a dedicated voice service may not
be provided for the first time. In 5G, it is expected that voice
will be simply processed as an application program using data
connection provided by a communication system. Main causes for
increased traffic volume are due to an increase in the size of
content and an increase in the number of applications requiring
high data transmission rate. A streaming service (of audio and
video), conversational video, and mobile Internet access will be
more widely used as more devices are connected to the Internet.
These many application programs require connectivity of an always
turned-on state in order to push real-time information and alarm
for users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing in
a mobile communication platform and may be applied to both tasks
and entertainment. The cloud storage is a special use case which
accelerates growth of uplink data transmission rate. 5G is also
used for a remote task of cloud. When a tactile interface is used,
5G demands much lower end-to-end latency to maintain user good
experience. Entertainment, for example, cloud gaming and video
streaming, is another core element which increases demand for
mobile broadband capability. Entertainment is essential for a
smartphone and a tablet in any place including high mobility
environments such as a train, a vehicle, and an airplane. Other use
cases are augmented reality for entertainment and information
search. In this case, the augmented reality requires very low
latency and instantaneous data volume.
[0056] In addition, one of the most expected 5G use cases relates a
function capable of smoothly connecting embedded sensors in all
fields, i.e., mMTC. It is expected that the number of potential IoT
devices will reach 204 hundred million up to the year of 2020. An
industrial IoT is one of categories of performing a main role
enabling a smart city, asset tracking, smart utility, agriculture,
and security infrastructure through 5G.
[0057] URLLC includes a new service that will change industry
through remote control of main infrastructure and an
ultra-reliable/available low-latency link such as a self-driving
vehicle. A level of reliability and latency is essential for smart
grid control, industrial automation, robotics, and drone control
and adjustment.
[0058] Next, a plurality of use cases in the 5G communication
system including the NR system will be described in more
detail.
[0059] 5G is a means of providing streaming evaluated as a few
hundred megabits per second to gigabits per second and may
complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or
DOCSIS). Such fast speed is needed to deliver TV in resolution of
4K or more (6K, 8K, and more), as well as virtual reality and
augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR)
applications include almost immersive sports games. A specific
application program may require a special network configuration.
For example, for VR games, gaming companies need to incorporate a
core server into an edge network server of a network operator in
order to minimize latency.
[0060] Automotive is expected to be a new important motivated force
in 5G together with many use cases for mobile communication for
vehicles. For example, entertainment for passengers requires high
simultaneous capacity and mobile broadband with high mobility. This
is because future users continue to expect connection of high
quality regardless of their locations and speeds. Another use case
of an automotive field is an AR dashboard. The AR dashboard causes
a driver to identify an object in the dark in addition to an object
seen from a front window and displays a distance from the object
and a movement of the object by overlapping information talking to
the driver. In the future, a wireless module enables communication
between vehicles, information exchange between a vehicle and
supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between a
vehicle and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanied by a
pedestrian). A safety system guides alternative courses of a
behavior so that a driver may drive more safely drive, thereby
lowering the danger of an accident. The next stage will be a
remotely controlled or self-driven vehicle. This requires very high
reliability and very fast communication between different
self-driven vehicles and between a vehicle and infrastructure. In
the future, a self-driven vehicle will perform all driving
activities and a driver will focus only upon abnormal traffic that
the vehicle cannot identify. Technical requirements of a
self-driven vehicle demand ultra-low latency and ultra-high
reliability so that traffic safety is increased to a level that
cannot be achieved by human being.
[0061] A smart city and a smart home mentioned as a smart society
will be embedded in a high-density wireless sensor network. A
distributed network of an intelligent sensor will identify
conditions for costs and energy-efficient maintenance of a city or
a home. Similar configurations may be performed for respective
households. All of temperature sensors, window and heating
controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances are wirelessly
connected. Many of these sensors are typically low in data
transmission rate, power, and cost. However, real-time HD video may
be demanded by a specific type of device to perform monitoring.
[0062] Consumption and distribution of energy including heat or gas
is distributed at a higher level so that automated control of the
distribution sensor network is demanded. The smart grid collects
information and connects the sensors to each other using digital
information and communication technology so as to act according to
the collected information. Since this information may include
behaviors of a supply company and a consumer, the smart grid may
improve distribution of fuels such as electricity by a method
having efficiency, reliability, economic feasibility, production
sustainability, and automation. The smart grid may also be regarded
as another sensor network having low latency.
[0063] A health part contains many application programs capable of
enjoying benefit of mobile communication. A communication system
may support remote treatment that provides clinical treatment in a
faraway place. Remote treatment may aid in reducing a barrier
against distance and improve access to medical services that cannot
be continuously available in a faraway rural area. Remote treatment
is also used to perform important treatment and save lives in an
emergency situation. The wireless sensor network based on mobile
communication may provide remote monitoring and sensors for
parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.
[0064] Wireless and mobile communication gradually becomes
important in the field of an industrial application. Wiring is high
in installation and maintenance cost. Therefore, a possibility of
replacing a cable with reconstructible wireless links is an
attractive opportunity in many industrial fields. However, in order
to achieve this replacement, it is necessary for wireless
connection to be established with latency, reliability, and
capacity similar to those of the cable and management of wireless
connection needs to be simplified. Low latency and a very low error
probability are new requirements when connection to 5G is
needed.
[0065] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for
mobile communication that enables inventory and package tracking
anywhere using a location-based information system. The use cases
of logistics and freight typically demand low data rate but require
location information with a wide range and reliability.
[0066] <Artificial Intelligence (AI)>
[0067] AI refers to a field that studies AI or methodology capable
of making AI. Machine learning refers to a field that defines
various problems handled in the AI field and studies methodology
for solving the problems. Machine learning may also be defined as
an algorithm for raising performance for any task through steady
experience of the task.
[0068] An artificial neural network (ANN) may refer to a model in
general having problem solving capabilities, that is composed of
artificial neurons (nodes) constituting a network by a combination
of synapses, as a model used in machine learning. The ANN may be
defined by a connection pattern between neurons of different
layers, a learning process for updating model parameters, and/or an
activation function for generating an output value.
[0069] The ANN may include an input layer, an output layer, and,
optionally, one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or
more neurons and the ANN may include a synapse connecting neurons.
In the ANN, each neuron may output input signals, which are input
through the synapse, weights, and function values of an activation
function for deflection.
[0070] A model parameter refers to a parameter determined through
learning and includes a weight of synaptic connection and a
deflection of a neuron. A hyperparameter refers to a parameter that
should be configured before learning in a machine learning
algorithm and includes a learning rate, the number of repetitions,
a mini batch size, an initialization function, and the like.
[0071] The purpose of learning of the ANN may be understood as
determining the model parameter that minimizes a loss function. The
loss function may be used as an index to determine an optimal model
parameter in a learning process of the ANN.
[0072] Machine learning may be classified into supervised learning,
unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning, according to a
learning scheme.
[0073] Supervised learning refers to a method of training the ANN
in a state in which a label for training data is given. The label
may represent a correct answer (or result value) that the ANN
should infer when the training data is input to the ANN.
Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training the ANN
when the label for the training data is not given. Reinforcement
learning may refer to a training method in which an agent defined
in a certain environment is trained to select a behavior or a
behavior order that maximizes accumulative compensation in each
state.
[0074] Machine learning, which is implemented as a deep neural
network (DNN) including a plurality of hidden layers among ANNs, is
also called deep learning. Deep learning is a part of machine
learning. Hereinbelow, machine learning includes deep learning.
[0075] <Robot>
[0076] A robot may refer to a machine for automatically processing
or executing a given task using capabilities possessed thereby. In
particular, a robot having a function of recognizing an environment
and performing self-determination and operation may be referred to
as an intelligent robot
[0077] A robot may be categorized into an industrial robot, a
medical robot, a household robot, a military robot, etc., according
to a purpose or field.
[0078] A robot may include a driving unit including an actuator or
a motor to perform various physical operations such as movement of
robot joints. A mobile robot may include a wheel, a brake, and a
propeller in the driving unit to travel on the ground or fly.
[0079] <Self-Driving or Autonomous Driving)>
[0080] Self-driving refers to technology of self-driving. A
self-driving vehicle refers to a vehicle traveling without
manipulation of a user or with minimum manipulation of a user.
[0081] For example, self-driving may include technology for
maintaining a lane in which a vehicle is traveling, technology for
automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive cruise control,
technology for autonomously traveling along a determined path, and
technology for traveling by automatically setting a path if a
destination is set.
[0082] A vehicle may include a vehicle having only an internal
combustion engine, a hybrid vehicle having an internal combustion
engine and an electric motor together, and an electric vehicle
having only an electric motor and include not only an automobile
but also a train, a motorcycle, and the like.
[0083] In this case, the self-driving vehicle may be understood as
a robot having a self-driving function.
[0084] <Extended Reality (XR)>
[0085] XR collectively refers to virtual reality (VR), augmented
reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology provides a
real-world object and a background only as computer-generated (CG)
images, AR technology provides virtual CG images overlaid on actual
object images, and MR technology is a computer graphic technology
that mixes and combines virtual objects and the real world and then
provides the mixed and combined result.
[0086] MR technology is similar to AR technology in that MR
technology shows a real object and a virtual object together.
However, MR technology and AR technology are different in that AR
technology uses a virtual object in the form of compensating a real
object, whereas MR technology uses the virtual object and the real
object as an equal property.
[0087] XR technology may be applied to a head-mounted display
(HMD), a head-up display (HUD), a cellular phone, a tablet PC, a
laptop computer, a desktop computer, a TV, digital signage, etc. A
device to which XR technology is applied may be referred to as an
XR device.
[0088] FIG. 2 illustrates an AI apparatus 100 for implementing
embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0089] The AI apparatus 100 may be implemented by a fixed device or
a mobile device, such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a desktop
computer, a notebook, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal
digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a
navigation, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a
DMB receiver, a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a desktop
computer, digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc.
[0090] Referring to FIG. 2, the AI apparatus 100 may include a
communication unit 110, an input unit 120, a learning processor
130, a sensing unit 140, an output unit 150, a memory 170, and a
processor 180.
[0091] The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive data to
and from external devices such as other AI apparatuses 100a to 100e
or an AI server 200, using wired/wireless communication technology.
For example, the communication unit 110 may transmit and receive
sensor information, user input, a learning model, and a control
signal to and from external devices.
[0092] In this case, communication technology used by the
communication unit 110 includes global system for mobile
communication (GSM), code-division multiple access (CDMA),
long-term evolution (LTE), 5G, wireless LAN (WLAN), Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth.TM., radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared data
association (IrDA), ZigBee, near field communication (NFC),
etc.
[0093] The input unit 120 may acquire a variety of types of
data.
[0094] The input unit 120 may include a camera for inputting a
video signal, a microphone for receiving an audio signal, and a
user input unit for receiving information from a user. Herein, the
camera or the microphone may be treated as a sensor and a signal
obtained from the camera or the microphone may be referred to as
sensing data or sensor information.
[0095] The input unit 120 may acquire training data for model
learning and input data to be used upon acquiring output using a
learning model. The input unit 120 may obtain raw input data. In
this case, the processor 180 or the learning processor 130 may
extract an input feature as preprocessing for the input data.
[0096] The learning processor 130 may train a model composed of an
ANN using the training data. Herein, the trained ANN may be
referred to as the learning model. The learning model may be used
to infer a result value for new input data rather than training
data and the inferred value may be used as a basis for
determination for performing any operation.
[0097] In this case, the learning processor 130 may perform AI
processing together with a learning processor 240 of the AI server
200.
[0098] The learning processor 130 may include a memory integrated
or implemented in the AI apparatus 100. Alternatively, the learning
processor 130 may be implemented using the memory 170, an external
memory directly connected to the AI apparatus 100, or a memory
maintained in an external device.
[0099] The sensing unit 140 may acquire at least one of internal
information of the AI apparatus 100, surrounding environment
information of the AI apparatus 100, and the user information,
using various sensors.
[0100] Sensors included in the sensing unit 140 may include a
proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a
magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor,
an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic
sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a lidar, a radar, etc.
[0101] The output unit 150 may generate output related to a visual,
auditory, or tactile sense.
[0102] The output unit 150 may include a display unit for
outputting visual information, a speaker for outputting auditory
information, and a haptic module for outputting tactile
information.
[0103] The memory 170 may store data for supporting various
functions of the AI apparatus 100. For example, the memory 170 may
store input data, training data, a learning model, a learning
history, etc., obtained from the input unit 140a.
[0104] The processor 180 may determine at least one feasible
operation of the AI apparatus 100, based on information which is
determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a
machine learning algorithm. The processor 180 may perform an
operation determined by controlling constituent elements of the AI
apparatus 100.
[0105] To this end, the processor 180 may request, search, receive,
or use data of the learning processor 130 or the memory 170 and
control the constituent elements of the AI apparatus 100 to perform
a predicted operation among the at least one feasible operation, or
an operation determined to be desirable.
[0106] If the processor 180 needs to be associated with an external
device in order to perform the determined operation, the processor
180 may generate a control signal for controlling the external
device and transmit the generated control signal to the external
device.
[0107] The processor 180 may obtain intention information for user
input and determine requirements of the user based on the acquired
intention information.
[0108] The processor 180 may acquire the intention information
corresponding to user input, using at least one of a speech-to-text
(STT) engine for converting audio input into a text stream or a
natural language processing (NLP) engine for obtaining intention
information of a natural language.
[0109] At least a part of at least one of the STT engine or the NLP
engine may be composed of an ANN trained according to a machine
learning algorithm. At least one of the STT engine or the NLP
engine may be trained by the learning processor 130, a learning
processor 240 of the AI server 200, or by distribution processing
of the learning processors 130 and 240.
[0110] The processor 180 may collect history information including
the operation contents of the AI apparatus 100 or feedback for
operation by a user and store the collected information in the
memory unit 170 or the learning processor unit 130 or transmit the
collected information to an external device such as the AI server
200. The collected history information may be used to update a
learning model.
[0111] The processor 180 may control at least a part of the
constituent elements of the AI apparatus 100 in order to drive an
application program stored in the memory 170. Further, the
processor 180 may operate by combining two or more of the
constituent elements included in the AI apparatus 100 in order to
drive the application program.
[0112] FIG. 3 illustrates an AI server 200 for implementing
embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0113] Referring to FIG. 3, the AI server 200 may refer to a device
that trains an ANN using a machine learning algorithm or uses the
trained ANN. The AI server 200 may be composed of a plurality of
servers to perform distributed processing or may be defined as a 5G
network. The AI server 200 may be included as a partial constituent
element of the AI apparatus 100 and may perform at least a part of
AI processing together with the AI apparatus 100.
[0114] The AI server 200 may include a communication unit 210, a
memory 230, a learning processor 240, and a processor 260.
[0115] The communication unit 210 may transmit and receive data to
and from an external device such as the AI apparatus 100.
[0116] The memory 230 may include a model storage unit 231. The
model storage unit 231 may store a model, which is training or is
trained, (or an ANN 231a) through the learning processor 240.
[0117] The learning processor 240 may train the ANN 231a using
training data. A learning model may be used in a state in which the
ANN is mounted in the AI server 200 or the ANN is mounted in an
external device such as the AI apparatus 100.
[0118] The learning model may be implemented by hardware, software,
or a combination of hardware and software. If the learning model is
fully or partially implemented by software, one or more
instructions constituting the learning model may be stored in
memory 230.
[0119] The processor 260 may infer a result value for new input
data using the learning model and generate a response or control
command based on the inferred result value.
[0120] FIG. 4 illustrates an AI system 1 for implementing
embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0121] Referring to FIG. 4, at least one of an AI server 200, a
robot 100a, a self-driving vehicle 100b, an XR device 100c, a
smartphone 100d, or a home appliance 100e, constituting the AI
system 1, is connected to a cloud network 10. The robot 100a, the
self-driving vehicle 100b, the XR device 100c, the smartphone 100d,
and the home appliance 100e to which AI technology is applied may
be referred to as AI apparatuses 100a to 100e.
[0122] The cloud network 10 may refer to a network that constitutes
a part of cloud computing infrastructure or is present in the cloud
computing infrastructure. The cloud network 10 may be configured
using a 3G network, a 4G or LTE network, or a 5G network.
[0123] That is, each of the apparatuses 100a to 100e and 200 that
constitute the AI system 1 may be connected to each other through
the cloud network 10. Particularly, the apparatuses 100a through
100e and 200 may communicate with each other through an eNB but may
directly communicate with each other without passing through the
eNB.
[0124] The AI server 200 may include a server for performing AI
processing and a server for performing operation upon big data.
[0125] The AI server 200 is connected through the cloud network 10
to at least one of the robot 100a, the self-driving vehicle 100b,
the XR device 100c, the smartphone 100d, or the home appliance
100e, which are AI apparatuses constituting the AI system 1, and
may aid in at least a part of AI processing of the connected AI
apparatuses 100a to 100e.
[0126] The AI server 200 may train the ANN according to the machine
learning algorithm on behalf of the AI apparatuses 100a to 100e and
may directly store a learning model or transmit the learning model
to the AI apparatuses 100a to 100e.
[0127] The AI server 200 may receive input data from the AI
apparatuses 100a to 100e, infer a result value for the input data
received using the learning model, generate a response or a control
command based on the inferred result value, and transmit the
response or the control command to the AI apparatuses 100a to
100e.
[0128] Alternatively, the AI apparatuses 100a to 100e may infer the
result value for input data using a direct learning model and
generate the response or the control command based on the inferred
result value.
[0129] Hereinafter, various embodiments of the AI apparatuses 100a
to 100e to which the above-described techniques are applied will be
described. The AI apparatuses 100a to 100e illustrated in FIG. 4
may be a specific embodiment of the AI apparatus 100 illustrated in
FIG. 2.
[0130] <AI+Robot>
[0131] The robot 100a to which AI technology is applied may be
implemented as a guide robot, a delivery robot, a cleaning robot, a
wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned
aerial robot, etc.
[0132] The robot 100a may include a robot control module for
controlling operation. The robot control module may refer to a
software module or a chip implementing the software module as
hardware.
[0133] The robot 100a may acquire state information of the robot
100a using sensor information obtained from various types of
sensors, detect (recognize) a surrounding environment and an
object, generate map data, determine a moving path and a traveling
plan, determine a response to user interaction, or determine
operation.
[0134] To determine the moving path and traveling plan, the robot
100a may use the sensor information obtained from at least one
sensor of a lidar, a radar, or a camera.
[0135] The robot 100a may perform the above-described operations
using a learning model composed of at least one ANN. For example,
the robot 100a may recognize the surrounding environment and the
object using the learning model and determine operation using
information about the recognized surrounding or information about
the recognized object. The learning model may be trained directly
from the robot 100a or trained from an external device such as the
AI server 200.
[0136] Although the robot 100a generates a result using the direct
learning model and performs operation, the robot 100a may transmit
the sensor information to an external device such as the AI server
200 and receives a generated result to perform operation.
[0137] The robot 100a may determine the moving path and the
traveling plan using at least one of the map data, object
information detected from the sensor information, or object
information acquired from an external device and control a driving
unit so that the robot 100a may travel according to the determined
moving path and traveling plan.
[0138] The map data may include object identification information
regarding various objects arranged in a space in which the robot
100a moves. For example, the map data may include the object
identification information regarding fixed objects such as walls or
doors and mobile objects such as flower pots or desks. The object
identification information may include a name, a type, a distance,
and a position.
[0139] In addition, the robot 100a may perform operation or travel
by controlling the driving unit based on control/interaction of the
user. In this case, the robot 100a may acquire intention
information of interaction caused by actions or voice utterance of
the user, determine a response based on the acquired intention
information, and perform operation.
[0140] <AI+Self-Driving>
[0141] The self-driving vehicle 100b to which AI technology is
applied may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, or an unmanned
aerial vehicle.
[0142] The self-driving vehicle 100b may include a self-driving
control module for a self-driving function. The self-driving
control module may refer to a software module or a chip
implementing the software module as hardware. Although the
self-driving control module may be included in the self-driving
vehicle 100b as a constituent element of the self-driving vehicle
100b, the self-driving control module may be configured as separate
hardware and connected to the exterior of the self-driving vehicle
100b.
[0143] The self-driving vehicle 100b may acquire state information
thereof using sensor information obtained from various types of
sensors, detect (recognize) a surrounding environment and an
object, generate map data, determine a moving path and a traveling
plan, or determine operation.
[0144] To determine the moving path and traveling plan, the
self-driving vehicle 100b may use the sensor information obtained
from at least one sensor of a lidar, a radar, or a camera as in the
robot 100a.
[0145] Particularly, the self-driving vehicle 100b may recognize an
environment or an object for a region in which user view is blocked
or a region separated from the user by a predetermined distance or
more by receiving sensor information from external devices or
receiving information directly recognized from external
devices.
[0146] The self-driving vehicle 100b may perform the
above-described operations using a learning model composed of at
least one ANN. For example, the self-driving vehicle 100b may
recognize a surrounding environment and an object using the
learning model and determine a moving line for traveling using
information about the recognized surrounding or information about
the recognized object. The learning model may be trained directly
from the self-driving vehicle 100b or trained from an external
device such as the AI server 200.
[0147] Although the self-driving vehicle 100b generates a result
using the direct learning model and performs operation, the
self-driving vehicle 100b may transmit the sensor information to an
external device such as the AI server 200 and receive a generated
result to perform operation.
[0148] The self-driving vehicle 100b may determine a moving path
and a traveling plan using at least one of object information
detected from map data or sensor information or object information
acquired from an external device and control a driving unit so that
the self-driving vehicle 100b may travel according to the
determined moving path and traveling plan
[0149] The map data may include object identification information
regarding various objects arranged in a space (e.g., a road) in
which the self-driving vehicle 100b travels. For example, the map
data may include the object identification information regarding
fixed objects such as street lights, rocks, or buildings and mobile
objects such as mobile objects such as vehicles or pedestrians. The
object identification information may include a name, a type, a
distance, and a position.
[0150] In addition, the self-driving vehicle 100b may perform
operation or travel by controlling the driving unit based on
control/interaction of the user. In this case, the self-driving
vehicle 100b may acquire intention information of interaction
caused by actions or voice utterance of the user, determine a
response based on the acquired intention information, and perform
operation.
[0151] <AI+XR>
[0152] The XR device 100c to which AI technology is applied may be
implemented as a head-mounted display (HMD), a head-up display
(HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer,
a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a
fixed or mobile robot, etc.
[0153] The XR device 100c acquires information about a surrounding
space or a real object by analyzing three-dimensional (3D) point
cloud data or image data, obtained through various sensors or from
an external device, and generating position data and attribute
data, for 3D points, render an XR object to be output, and output
the rendered XR object. For example, the XR device 100c may map an
XR object including additional information for a recognized object
to the recognized object and output the XR object.
[0154] The XR device 100c may perform the above-described
operations using a learning model composed of at least one ANN. For
example, the XR device 100c may recognize a real object from 3D
point cloud data or image data using the learning model and provide
information corresponding to the recognized real object. The
learning model may be trained directly from the XR device 100c or
trained from an external device such as the AI server 200.
[0155] Although the XR device 100c generates a result using the
direct learning model and performs operation, the XR device 100 may
transmit the sensor information to an external device such as the
AI server 200 and receive a generated result to perform
operation.
[0156] <AI+Robot+Self-Driving>
[0157] The robot 100a to which AI technology is applied may be
implemented as a guide robot, a delivery robot, a cleaning robot, a
wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, or an unmanned
aerial robot.
[0158] The robot 100a to which AI technology and self-driving
technology are applied may refer to a robot itself having a
self-driving function or a robot 100a interacting with the
self-driving vehicle 100b.
[0159] To robot 100a having the self-driving function may
collectively refer to devices that move autonomously along a given
moving line without user intervention or determine by itself a
moving path and move.
[0160] The robot 100a and the self-driving vehicle 100b having the
self-driving function may use a common sensing method to determine
at least one of a moving path or a traveling plan. For example, the
robot 100a having the self-driving function and the self-driving
vehicle 100b may determine at least one of the moving path or the
traveling plan using information sensed through a lidar, a radar,
and a camera.
[0161] The robot 100a that interacts with the self-driving vehicle
100b may be present separately from the self-driving vehicle 100b
so that the robot 100a may be associated with the self-driving
function at the interior or exterior of the self-driving vehicle
100b or may perform operation in association with a user riding in
the self-driving vehicle 100b.
[0162] The robot 100a that interacts with the self-driving vehicle
100b may control or assist the self-driving function of the
self-driving vehicle 100b by acquiring sensor information on behalf
of the self-driving vehicle 100b and providing the sensor
information to the self-driving vehicle 100b or by acquiring the
sensor information, generating surrounding environment information
or object information, and providing the generated surrounding
environment information or object information to the self-driving
vehicle 100b.
[0163] Alternatively, the robot 100a interacting with the
self-driving vehicle 100b may control the self-driving function of
the self-driving vehicle 100b by monitoring a user riding in the
self-driving vehicle 100b or interacting with the user. For
example, when it is determined that the driver is in a drowsy
state, the robot 100a may activate the self-driving function of the
self-driving vehicle 100b or assist control of the driving unit of
the self-driving vehicle 100b. The function of the self-driving
vehicle 100b controlled by the robot 100a may include not only the
self-driving function but also a function provided by a navigation
system or an audio system installed in the self-driving vehicle
100b.
[0164] Alternatively, the robot 100a interacting with the
self-driving vehicle 100b may provide information to the
self-driving vehicle 100b or assist the function of the
self-driving vehicle 100b, at the exterior of the self-driving
vehicle 100b. For example, the robot 100a may provide traffic
information including signal information, such as a smart signal
light, to the self-driving vehicle 100b or may interact with the
self-driving vehicle 100b to automatically connect an automatic
electric charger of an electric vehicle to an inlet.
[0165] <AI+Robot+XR>
[0166] The robot 100a to which AI technology is applied may be
implemented as a guide robot, a delivery robot, a cleaning robot, a
wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned
aerial robot, a drone, etc.
[0167] The robot 100a to which XR technology is applied may refer
to a robot with which control/interaction is performed in the XR
image. In this case, the robot 100a may be distinguished from the
XR device 100c and may be interlocked with the XR device 100c.
[0168] When the robot 100a with which control/interaction is
performed in the XR image acquires sensor information from sensors
including a camera, the robot 100a or the XR device 100c may
generate the XR image based on the sensor information and the XR
device 100c may output the generated XR image. The robot 100a may
operate based on a control signal input through the XR device 100c
or on interaction with the user.
[0169] For example, the user may confirm an XR image corresponding
to a viewpoint of the robot 100a linked remotely through an
external device such as the XR device 100c, control a self-driving
path of the robot 100a through interaction, control operation or
traveling, or confirm information of a surrounding object.
[0170] <AI+Self-Driving+XR>
[0171] The self-driving vehicle 100b to which AI technology and XR
technology are applied may be implemented as a mobile robot, a
vehicle, or an unmanned aerial vehicle.
[0172] The self-driving vehicle 100b to which XR technology is
applied may refer to a self-driving vehicle having a means for
providing an XR image or a self-driving vehicle with which
control/interaction is performed in the XR image. Particularly, the
self-driving vehicle 100b to be controlled/interacted with in the
XR image may be distinguished from the XR device 100c and
interlocked with the XR device 100c.
[0173] The self-driving vehicle 100b having the means for providing
the XR image may obtain sensor information from sensors including a
camera and output the XR image generated based on the obtained
sensor information. For example, the self-driving vehicle 100b may
include a HUD therein to output the XR image, thereby providing a
real object or an XR object corresponding to an object in a screen
to a rider.
[0174] If the XR object is output to the HUD, at least a part of
the XR object may be output so as to overlap with an actual object
towards which the rider gazes is directed. On the other hand, if
the XR object is output to a display mounted in the self-driving
vehicle 100b, at least a part of the XR object may be output so as
to overlap with an object on the screen. For example, the
self-driving vehicle 100b may output XR objects corresponding to
objects such as a lane, other vehicles, traffic lights, traffic
signs, two-wheeled vehicles, pedestrians, buildings, etc.
[0175] If the self-driving vehicle 100b with which
control/interaction is performed in the XR image acquires the
sensor information from sensors including a camera, the
self-driving vehicle 100b or the XR device 100c may generate an XR
image based on the sensor information and the XR device 100c may
output the generated XR image. The self-driving vehicle 100b may
operate based on a control signal input from an external device
such as the XR device 100c or on interaction with the user.
[0176] FIG. 5 illustrates control-plane and user-plane protocol
stacks in a radio interface protocol architecture conforming to a
3GPP wireless access network standard between a UE and an evolved
UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN). The control plane
is a path in which the UE and the E-UTRAN transmit control messages
to manage calls, and the user plane is a path in which data
generated from an application layer, for example, voice data or
Internet packet data is transmitted.
[0177] A physical (PHY) layer at layer 1 (L1) provides information
transfer service to its higher layer, a medium access control (MAC)
layer. The PHY layer is connected to the MAC layer via transport
channels. The transport channels deliver data between the MAC layer
and the PHY layer. Data is transmitted on physical channels between
the PHY layers of a transmitter and a receiver. The physical
channels use time and frequency as radio resources. Specifically,
the physical channels are modulated in orthogonal frequency
division multiple access (OFDMA) for downlink (DL) and in single
carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) for uplink
(UL).
[0178] The MAC layer at layer 2 (L2) provides service to its higher
layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer via logical channels. The
RLC layer at L2 supports reliable data transmission. RLC
functionality may be implemented in a function block of the MAC
layer. A packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer at L2
performs header compression to reduce the amount of unnecessary
control information and thus efficiently transmit Internet protocol
(IP) packets such as IP version 4 (IPv4) or IP version 6 (IPv6)
packets via an air interface having a narrow bandwidth.
[0179] A radio resource control (RRC) layer at the lowest part of
layer 3 (or L3) is defined only on the control plane. The RRC layer
controls logical channels, transport channels, and physical
channels in relation to configuration, reconfiguration, and release
of radio bearers. A radio bearer refers to a service provided at
L2, for data transmission between the UE and the E-UTRAN. For this
purpose, the RRC layers of the UE and the E-UTRAN exchange RRC
messages with each other. If an RRC connection is established
between the UE and the E-UTRAN, the UE is in RRC Connected mode and
otherwise, the UE is in RRC Idle mode. A Non-Access Stratum (NAS)
layer above the RRC layer performs functions including session
management and mobility management.
[0180] DL transport channels used to deliver data from the E-UTRAN
to UEs include a broadcast channel (BCH) carrying system
information, a paging channel (PCH) carrying a paging message, and
a shared channel (SCH) carrying user traffic or a control message.
DL multicast traffic or control messages or DL broadcast traffic or
control messages may be transmitted on a DL SCH or a separately
defined DL multicast channel (MCH). UL transport channels used to
deliver data from a UE to the E-UTRAN include a random access
channel (RACH) carrying an initial control message and a UL SCH
carrying user traffic or a control message. Logical channels that
are defined above transport channels and mapped to the transport
channels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging
control channel (PCCH), a Common Control Channel (CCCH), a
multicast control channel (MCCH), a multicast traffic channel
(MTCH), etc.
[0181] FIG. 6 illustrates physical channels and a general method
for transmitting signals on the physical channels in the 3GPP
system.
[0182] Referring to FIG. 6, when a UE is powered on or enters a new
cell, the UE performs initial cell search (S601). The initial cell
search involves acquisition of synchronization to an eNB.
Specifically, the UE synchronizes its timing to the eNB and
acquires a cell identifier (ID) and other information by receiving
a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and a secondary
synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the eNB. Then the UE may
acquire information broadcast in the cell by receiving a physical
broadcast channel (PBCH) from the eNB. During the initial cell
search, the UE may monitor a DL channel state by receiving a
downlink reference signal (DL RS).
[0183] After the initial cell search, the UE may acquire detailed
system information by receiving a physical downlink control channel
(PDCCH) and receiving a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)
based on information included in the PDCCH (S602).
[0184] If the UE initially accesses the eNB or has no radio
resources for signal transmission to the eNB, the UE may perform a
random access procedure with the eNB (S203 to S206). In the random
access procedure, the UE may transmit a predetermined sequence as a
preamble on a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S603 and
S605) and may receive a response message to the preamble on a PDCCH
and a PDSCH associated with the PDCCH (S604 and S606). In the case
of a contention-based RACH, the UE may additionally perform a
contention resolution procedure.
[0185] After the above procedure, the UE may receive a PDCCH and/or
a PDSCH from the eNB (S607) and transmit a physical uplink shared
channel (PUSCH) and/or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) to
the eNB (S208), which is a general DL and UL signal transmission
procedure. Particularly, the UE receives downlink control
information (DCI) on a PDCCH. Herein, the DCI includes control
information such as resource allocation information for the UE.
Different DCI formats are defined according to different usages of
DCI.
[0186] Control information that the UE transmits to the eNB on the
UL or receives from the eNB on the DL includes a DL/UL
acknowledgment/negative acknowledgment (ACK/NACK) signal, a channel
quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix index (PMI), a rank
indicator (RI), etc. In the 3GPP LTE system, the UE may transmit
control information such as a CQI, a PMI, an RI, etc. on a PUSCH
and/or a PUCCH.
[0187] An NR system considers a method using an ultra-high
frequency band, i.e., a millimeter frequency band of 6 GHz or
above, to transmit data to multiple users using a wide frequency
band while maintaining a high transmission rate. In 3GPP, this is
used by the name of NR and, in the present disclosure, this will be
hereinafter referred to as the NR system.
[0188] NR supports a plurality of numerologies (or subcarrier
spacings (SCSs)) to support various 5G services. For example, when
an SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands is
supported. When the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, a dense-urban, lower
latency, and wider carrier bandwidth are supported. When the SCS is
60 kHz or higher, bandwidth greater than 24.25 kHz is supported in
order to overcome phase noise.
[0189] An NR frequency band may be defined as two types (FR1 and
FR2) of frequency ranges. FR1 may refer to "sub-6 GHz range", and
FR2 may refer to "above 6 GHz range" and may be referred to as a
millimeter wave (mmW).
[0190] Table 1 below shows the definition of am NR frequency
band.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Frequency Corresponding Range frequency
Subcarrier Designation range Spacing FR1 410 MHz-7125 MHz 15, 30,
60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz
[0191] Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Operation
[0192] While the UE performs the above-described/proposed
procedures and/or methods, the UE may perform the DRX operation.
The UE for which DRX is configured may reduce power consumption by
discontinuously receiving a DL signal. DRX may be performed in a
radio resource control (RRC)_IDLE state, an RRC_INACTIVE state, or
an RRC_CONNECTED state. DRX in the RRC_IDLE state and the
RRC_INACTIVE state is used to discontinuously receive a paging
signal. Hereinafter, DRX performed in the RRC_CONNECTED state will
be described (RRC_CONNECTED DRX).
[0193] FIG. 7 illustrates a DRX cycle (RRC_CONNECTED state).
[0194] Referring to FIG. 7, the DRX cycle includes an On-duration
and an opportunity for DRX. The DRX cycle defines a time interval
at which the On-duration is cyclically repeated. The On-Duration
indicates a time duration that the UE monitors to receive a PDCCH.
If DRX is configured, the UE performs PDCCH monitoring during the
On-duration. If the PDCCH is successfully detected during PDCCH
monitoring, the UE operates an inactivity timer and maintains an
awoken state. On the other hand, if there is no PDCCH which has
been successfully detected during PDCCH monitoring, the UE enters a
sleep state after the On-duration is ended. Therefore, when DRX is
configured, the UE may discontinuously perform PDCCH
monitoring/reception in the time domain upon performing the
above-described/proposed procedures and/or methods. For example,
when DRX is configured, a PDCCH reception occasion (e.g., a slot
having a PDCCH search space) in the present disclosure may be
discontinuously configured according to DRX configuration. when DRX
is not configured, PDCCH monitoring/reception may be continuously
performed in the time domain. For example, when DRX is not
configured, the PDCCH reception occasion (e.g., the slot having the
PDCCH search space) in the present disclosure may be continuously
configured. Meanwhile, PDCCH monitoring may be restricted in a time
duration configured as a measurement gap regardless of whether DRX
is configured or not.
[0195] Table 2 illustrates a UE procedure related to DRX
(RRC_CONNECTED state). Referring to Table 2, DRX configuration
information is received through higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling.
Whether DRX is ON or OFF is controlled by a DRX command of a MAC
layer. If DRX is configured, the UE may discontinuously perform
PDCCH monitoring upon performing the above-described/proposed
procedures and/or methods in the present disclosure, as illustrated
in FIG. 7.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Type of signals UE procedure 1.sup.st step
RRC signalling Receive DRX configuration information (MAC-
CellGroupConfig) 2.sup.nd Step MAC CE Receive DRX command ((Long)
DRX command MAC CE) 3.sup.rd Step -- Monitor a PDCCH during an on-
duration of a DRX cycle
[0196] Herein, MAC-CellGroupConfig includes configuration
information needed to configure a MAC parameter for a cell group.
MAC-CellGroupConfig may also include configuration information
regarding DRX. For example, MAC-CellGroupConfig may include
information for defining DRX as follows.--Value of
drx-OnDurationTimer: defines the length of a starting duration of a
DRX cycle. [0197] Value of drx-InactivityTimer: defines the length
of a starting duration in which the UE is in an awoken state, after
a PDCCH occasion in which a PDCCH indicating initial UL or DL data
is detected. [0198] Value of drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL: defines the
length of a maximum time duration until DL retransmission is
received, after DL initial transmission is received. [0199]
drx-LongCycleStartOffset: defines a time length and a starting time
point of a DRX cycle drx-ShortCycle (optional): defines a time
length of a short DRX cycle.
[0200] Herein, if any one of drx-OnDurationTimer,
drx-InactivityTimer, drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL, and drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL
is operating, the UE performs PDCCH monitoring in every PDCCH
occasion while maintaining an awoken state.
[0201] Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) in LTE System
[0202] Positioning may refer to determining the geographical
position and/or velocity of the UE based on measurement of radio
signals. Location information may be requested by and reported to a
client (e.g., an application) associated with to the UE. The
location information may also be requested by a client within or
connected to a core network. The location information may be
reported in standard formats such as formats for cell-based or
geographical coordinates, together with estimated errors of the
position and velocity of the UE and/or a positioning method used
for positioning.
[0203] For such positioning, a positioning reference signal (PRS)
may be used. The PRS is a reference signal used to estimate the
position of the UE. For example, in the LTE system, the PRS may be
transmitted only in a DL subframe configured for PRS transmission
(hereinafter, "positioning subframe"). If both a multimedia
broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) subframe and a non-MBSFN
subframe are configured as positioning subframes, OFDM symbols of
the MB SFN subframe should have the same cyclic prefix (CP) as
subframe #0. If only MBSFN subframes are configured as the
positioning subframes within a cell, OFDM symbols configured for
the PRS in the MBSFN subframes may have an extended CP.
[0204] The sequence of the PRS may be defined by Equation 1
below.
r l , n s ( m ) = 1 2 ( 1 - 2 c ( 2 m ) ) + j 1 2 ( 1 - 2 c ( 2 m +
1 ) ) , m = 0 , 1 , , 2 N RB max , DL - 1 Equation 1
##EQU00001##
[0205] where n.sub.s denotes a slot number in a radio frame and l
denotes an OFDM symbol number in a slot. N.sub.RB.sup.max,DL is
represented as an integer multiple of N.sub.SC.sup.RB as the
largest value among DL bandwidth configurations. N.sub.SC.sup.RB
denotes the size of a resource block (RB) in the frequency domain,
for example, 12 subcarriers.
[0206] c(i) denotes a pseudo-random sequence and may be initialized
by Equation 2 below.
c.sub.init=2.sup.28.left brkt-bot.N.sub.ID.sup.PRS/512.right
brkt-bot.+2.sup.10(7(n.sub.s+1)+l+1)(2(N.sub.ID.sup.PRS mod
512)+1)+2(N.sub.ID.sup.PRS mod 512)+N.sub.CP Equation 2
[0207] Unless additionally configured by higher layers,
N.sub.ID.sup.PRS is equal to N.sub.ID.sup.cell, and N.sub.CP is 1
for a normal CP and 0 for an extended CP.
[0208] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate an exemplary pattern to which a
PRS is mapped in a subframe. As illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the
PRS may be transmitted through an antenna port 6. FIG. 8A
illustrates mapping of the PRS in the normal CP and FIG. 8B
illustrates mapping of the PRS in the extended CP.
[0209] The PRS may be transmitted in consecutive subframes grouped
for position estimation. The subframes grouped for position
estimation are referred to as a positioning occasion. The
positioning occasion may consist of 1, 2, 4 or 6 subframe. The
positioning occasion may occur periodically with a periodicity of
160, 320, 640 or 1280 subframes. A cell-specific subframe offset
value may be defined to indicate the starting subframe of PRS
transmission. The offset value and the periodicity of the
positioning occasion for PRS transmission may be derived from a PRS
configuration index as listed in Table 3 below.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 PRS PRS PRS subframe configuration
periodicity offset Index (I.sub.PRS) (subframes) (subframes) 0-159
160 I.sub.PRS 160-479 320 I.sub.PRS-160 480-1119 640 I.sub.PRS-480
1120-2399 1280 I.sub.PRS-1120 2400-2404 5 I.sub.PRS-2400 2405-2414
10 I.sub.PRS-2405 2415-2434 20 I.sub.PRS-2415 2435-2474 40
I.sub.PRS-2435 2475-2554 80 I.sub.PRS-2475 2555-4095 Reserved
[0210] A PRS included in each positioning occasion is transmitted
with constant power. A PRS in a certain positioning occasion may be
transmitted with zero power, which is referred to as PRS muting.
For example, when a PRS transmitted by a serving cell is muted, the
UE may easily detect a PRS of a neighbor cell. The PRS muting
configuration of a cell may be defined by a periodic muting
sequence consisting of 2, 4, 8 or 16 positioning occasions. That
is, the periodic muting sequence may include 2, 4, 8, or 16 bits
according to a positioning occasion corresponding to the PRS muting
configuration and each bit may have a value "0" or "1". For
example, PRS muting may be performed in a positioning occasion with
a bit value of "0". The positioning subframe is designed as a
low-interference subframe so that no data is transmitted in the
positioning subframe. Therefore, the PRS is not subjected to
interference due to data transmission although the PRS may
interfere with PRSs of other cells.
[0211] UE Positioning Architecture in LTE System
[0212] FIG. 9 illustrates architecture of a 5G system applicable to
positioning of a UE connected to an NG-RAN or an E-UTRAN.
[0213] Referring to FIG. 9, an AMF may receive a request for a
location service associated with a particular target UE from
another entity such as a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) or
the AMF itself decides to initiate the location service on behalf
of the particular target UE. Then, the AMF transmits a request for
a location service to a location management function (LMF). Upon
receiving the request for the location service, the LMF may process
the request for the location service and then returns the
processing result including the estimated position of the UE to the
AMF. In the case of a location service requested by an entity such
as the GMLC other than the AMF, the AMF may transmit the processing
result received from the LMF to this entity.
[0214] A new generation evolved-NB (ng-eNB) and a gNB are network
elements of the NG-RAN capable of providing a measurement result
for positioning. The ng-eNB and the gNB may measure radio signals
for a target UE and transmits a measurement result value to the
LMF. The ng-eNB may control several transmission points (TPs), such
as remote radio heads, or PRS-only TPs for support of a PRS-based
beacon system for E-UTRA.
[0215] The LMF is connected to an enhanced serving mobile location
center (E-SMLC) which may enable the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For
example, the E-SMLC may enable the LMF to support observed time
difference of arrival (OTDOA), which is one of positioning methods
of the E-UTRAN, using DL measurement obtained by a target UE
through signals transmitted by eNBs and/or PRS-only TPs in the
E-UTRAN.
[0216] The LMF may be connected to an SUPL location platform (SLP).
The LMF may support and manage different location services for
target UEs. The LMF may interact with a serving ng-eNB or a serving
gNB for a target UE in order to obtain position measurement for the
UE. For positioning of the target UE, the LMF may determine
positioning methods, based on a location service (LCS) client type,
required quality of service (QoS), UE positioning capabilities, gNB
positioning capabilities, and ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and
then apply these positioning methods to the serving gNB and/or
serving ng-eNB. The LMF may determine additional information such
as accuracy of the location estimate and velocity of the target UE.
The SLP is a secure user plane location (SUPL) entity responsible
for positioning over a user plane.
[0217] The UE may measure the position thereof using DL RSs
transmitted by the NG-RAN and the E-UTRAN. The DL RSs transmitted
by the NG-RAN and the E-UTRAN to the UE may include a SS/PBCH
block, a CSI-RS, and/or a PRS. Which DL RS is used to measure the
position of the UE may conform to configuration of
LMF/E-SMLC/ng-eNB/E-UTRAN etc. The position of the UE may be
measured by an RAT-independent scheme using different global
navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), terrestrial beacon systems
(TBSs), WLAN access points, Bluetooth beacons, and sensors (e.g.,
barometric sensors) installed in the UE. The UE may also contain
LCS applications or access an LCS application through communication
with a network accessed thereby or through another application
contained therein. The LCS application may include measurement and
calculation functions needed to determine the position of the UE.
For example, the UE may contain an independent positioning function
such as a global positioning system (GPS) and report the position
thereof, independent of NG-RAN transmission. Such independently
obtained positioning information may be used as assistance
information of positioning information obtained from the
network.
[0218] Operation for UE Positioning
[0219] FIG. 10 illustrates an implementation example of a network
for UE positioning. When an AMF receives a request for a location
service in the case in which the UE is in connection management
(CM)-IDLE state, the AMF may make a request for a network triggered
service in order to establish a signaling connection with the UE
and to assign a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. This operation
procedure is omitted in FIG. 10. In other words, in FIG. 10, it may
be assumed that the UE is in a connected mode. However, the
signaling connection may be released by an NG-RAN as a result of
signaling and data inactivity while a positioning procedure is
still ongoing.
[0220] An operation procedure of the network for UE positioning
will now be described in detail with reference to FIG. 10. In step
1a, a 5GC entity such as GMLC may transmit a request for a location
service for measuring the position of a target UE to a serving AMF.
Here, even when the GMLC does not make the request for the location
service, the serving AMF may determine the need for the location
service for measuring the position of the target UE according to
step 1b. For example, the serving AMF may determine that itself
will perform the location service in order to measure the position
of the UE for an emergency call.
[0221] In step 2, the AMF transfers the request for the location
service to an LMF. In step 3a, the LMF may initiate location
procedures with a serving ng-eNB or a serving gNB to obtain
location measurement data or location measurement assistance data.
For example, the LMF may transmit a request for location related
information associated with one or more UEs to the NG-RAN and
indicate the type of necessary location information and associated
QoS. Then, the NG-RAN may transfer the location related information
to the LMF in response to the request. In this case, when a
location determination method according to the request is an
enhanced cell ID (E-CID) scheme, the NG-RAN may transfer additional
location related information to the LMF in one or more NR
positioning protocol A (NRPPa) messages. Here, the "location
related information" may mean all values used for location
calculation such as actual location estimate information and radio
measurement or location measurement. Protocol used in step 3a may
be an NRPPa protocol which will be described later.
[0222] Additionally, in step 3b, the LMF may initiate a location
procedure for DL positioning together with the UE. For example, the
LMF may transmit the location assistance data to the UE or obtain a
location estimate or location measurement value. For example, in
step 3b, a capability information transfer procedure may be
performed. Specifically, the LMF may transmit a request for
capability information to the UE and the UE may transmit the
capability information to the LMF. Here, the capability information
may include information about a positioning method supportable by
the LFM or the UE, information about various aspects of a
particular positioning method, such as various types of assistance
data for an A-GNSS, and information about common features not
specific to any one positioning method, such as ability to handle
multiple LPP transactions. In some cases, the UE may provide the
capability information to the LMF although the LMF does not
transmit a request for the capability information.
[0223] As another example, in step 3b, a location assistance data
transfer procedure may be performed. Specifically, the UE may
transmit a request for the location assistance data to the LMF and
indicate particular location assistance data needed to the LMF.
Then, the LMF may transfer corresponding location assistance data
to the UE and transfer additional assistance data to the UE in one
or more additional LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages. The
location assistance data delivered from the LMF to the UE may be
transmitted in a unicast manner. In some cases, the LMF may
transfer the location assistance data and/or the additional
assistance data to the UE without receiving a request for the
assistance data from the UE.
[0224] As another example, in step 3b, a location information
transfer procedure may be performed. Specifically, the LMF may send
a request for the location (related) information associated with
the UE to the UE and indicate the type of necessary location
information and associated QoS. In response to the request, the UE
may transfer the location related information to the LMF.
Additionally, the UE may transfer additional location related
information to the LMF in one or more LPP messages. Here, the
"location related information" may mean all values used for
location calculation such as actual location estimate information
and radio measurement or location measurement. Typically, the
location related information may be a reference signal time
difference (RSTD) value measured by the UE based on DL RSs
transmitted to the UE by a plurality of NG-RANs and/or E-UTRANs.
Similarly to the above description, the UE may transfer the
location related information to the LMF without receiving a request
from the LMF.
[0225] The procedures implemented in step 3b may be performed
independently but may be performed consecutively. Generally,
although step 3b is performed in order of the capability
information transfer procedure, the location assistance data
transfer procedure, and the location information transfer
procedure, step 3b is not limited to such order. In other words,
step 3b is not required to occur in specific order in order to
improve flexibility in positioning. For example, the UE may request
the location assistance data at any time in order to perform a
previous request for location measurement made by the LMF. The LMF
may also request location information, such as a location
measurement value or a location estimate value, at any time, in the
case in which location information transmitted by the UE does not
satisfy required QoS. Similarly, when the UE does not perform
measurement for location estimation, the UE may transmit the
capability information to the LMF at any time.
[0226] In step 3b, when information or requests exchanged between
the LMF and the UE are erroneous, an error message may be
transmitted and received and an abort message for aborting
positioning may be transmitted and received.
[0227] Protocol used in step 3b may be an LPP protocol which will
be described later.
[0228] Step 3b may be performed additionally after step 3a but may
be performed instead of step 3a.
[0229] In step 4, the LMF may provide a location service response
to the AMF. The location service response may include information
as to whether UE positioning is successful and include a location
estimate value of the UE. If the procedure of FIG. 10 has been
initiated by step 1a, the AMF may transfer the location service
response to a 5GC entity such as a GMLC. If the procedure of FIG.
10 has been initiated by step 1b, the AMF may use the location
service response in order to provide a location service related to
an emergency call.
[0230] Protocol for Location Measurement
[0231] (1) LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)
[0232] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary protocol layer used to
support LPP message transfer between an LMF and a UE. An LPP
protocol data unit (PDU) may be carried in a NAS PDU between an AMF
and the UE. Referring to FIG. 11, LPP is terminated between a
target device (e.g., a UE in a control plane or an SUPL enabled
terminal (SET) in a user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF
in the control plane or an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages may
be carried as transparent PDUs cross intermediate network
interfaces using appropriate protocols, such an NGAP over an NG-C
interface and NAS/RRC over LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. LPP is
intended to enable positioning for NR and LTE using various
positioning methods.
[0233] For example, a target device and a location server may
exchange, through LPP, capability information therebetween,
assistance data for positioning, and/or location information. The
target device and the location server may exchange error
information and/or indicate abort of an LPP procedure, through an
LPP message.
[0234] (2) NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)
[0235] FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary protocol layer used to
support NRPPa PDU transfer between an LMF and an NG-RAN node. NRPPa
may be used to carry information between an NG-RAN node and an LMF.
Specifically, NRPPa may carry an E-CID for measurement transferred
from an ng-eNB to an LMF, data for support of an OTDOA positioning
method, and a cell-ID and a cell position ID for support of an NR
cell ID positioning method. An AMF may route NRPPa PDUs based on a
routing ID of an involved LMF over an NG-C interface without
information about related NRPPa transaction.
[0236] An NRPPa procedure for location and data collection may be
divided into two types. The first type is a UE associated procedure
for transfer of information about a particular UE (e.g., location
measurement information) and the second type is a non-UE-associated
procedure for transfer of information applicable to an NG-RAN node
and associated TPs (e.g., gNB/ng-eNB/TP timing information). The
two types may be supported independently or may be supported
simultaneously.
[0237] Positioning Measurement Method
[0238] Positioning methods supported in the NG-RAN may include a
GNSS, an OTDOA, an E-CID, barometric sensor positioning, WLAN
positioning, Bluetooth positioning, a TBS, uplink time difference
of arrival (UTDOA) etc. Although any one of the positioning methods
may be used for UE positioning, two or more positioning methods may
be used for UE positioning.
[0239] (1) Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA)
[0240] FIG. 13 is a view illustrating an OTDOA positioning method.
The OTDOA positioning method uses time measured for DL signals
received from multiple TPs including an eNB, an ng-eNB, and a
PRS-only TP by the UE. The UE measures time of received DL signals
using location assistance data received from a location server. The
position of the UE may be determined based on such a measurement
result and geographical coordinates of neighboring TPs.
[0241] The UE connected to the gNB may request measurement gaps to
perform OTDOA measurement from a TP. If the UE is not aware of an
SFN of at least one TP in OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use
autonomous gaps to obtain an SFN of an OTDOA reference cell prior
to requesting measurement gaps for performing reference signal time
difference (RSTD) measurement.
[0242] Here, the RSTD may be defined as the smallest relative time
difference between two subframe boundaries received from a
reference cell and a measurement cell. That is, the RSTD may be
calculated as the relative time difference between the start time
of a subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time
of a subframe from the reference cell that is closest to the
subframe received from the measurement cell. The reference cell may
be selected by the UE.
[0243] For accurate OTDOA measurement, it is necessary to measure
time of arrival (ToA) of signals received from geographically
distributed three or more TPs or BSs. For example, ToA for each of
TP 1, TP 2, and TP 3 may be measured, and RSTD for TP 1 and TP 2,
RSTD for TP 2 and TP 3, and RSTD for TP 3 and TP 1 are calculated
based on three ToA values. A geometric hyperbola is determined
based on the calculated RSTD values and a point at which curves of
the hyperbola cross may be estimated as the position of the UE. In
this case, accuracy and/or uncertainty for each ToA measurement may
occur and the estimated position of the UE may be known as a
specific range according to measurement uncertainty.
[0244] For example, RSTD for two TPs may be calculated based on
Equation 3 below.
RSTDi , 1 = ( x t - x i ) 2 + ( y t - y i ) 2 c - ( x t - x 1 ) 2 +
( y t - y 1 ) 2 c + ( Ti - T 1 ) + ( ni - n 1 ) Equation 3
##EQU00002##
[0245] where c is the speed of light, {x.sub.t, y.sub.t} are
(unknown) coordinates of a target UE, {x.sub.i, y.sub.i} are
(known) coordinates of a TP, and {x.sub.1, y.sub.1} are coordinates
of a reference TP (or another TP). Here, (T.sub.i-T.sub.1) is a
transmission time offset between two TPs, referred to as "real time
differences" (RTDs), and n.sub.i and n.sub.1 are UE ToA measurement
error values.
[0246] (2) Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID)
[0247] In a cell ID (CID) positioning method, the position of the
UE may be measured based on geographical information of a serving
ng-eNB, a serving gNB, and/or a serving cell of the UE. For
example, the geographical information of the serving ng-eNB, the
serving gNB, and/or the serving cell may be acquired by paging,
registration, etc.
[0248] The E-CID positioning method may use additional UE
measurement and/or NG-RAN radio resources in order to improve UE
location estimation in addition to the CID positioning method.
Although the E-CID positioning method partially may utilize the
same measurement methods as a measurement control system on an RRC
protocol, additional measurement only for UE location measurement
is not generally performed. In other words, an additional
measurement configuration or measurement control message may not be
provided for UE location measurement. The UE does not expect that
an additional measurement operation only for location measurement
will be requested and the UE may report a measurement value
obtained by generally measurable methods.
[0249] For example, the serving gNB may implement the E-CID
positioning method using an E-UTRA measurement value provided by
the UE.
[0250] Measurement elements usable for E-CID positioning may be,
for example, as follows. [0251] UE measurement: E-UTRA reference
signal received power (RSRP), E-UTRA reference signal received
quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA reception (RX)-transmission (TX) time
difference, GERAN/WLAN reference signal strength indication (RSSI),
UTRAN common pilot channel (CPICH) received signal code power
(RSCP), and/or UTRAN CPICH Ec/Io [0252] E-UTRAN measurement: ng-eNB
RX-TX time difference, timing advance (T.sub.ADV), and/or AoA
[0253] Here, T.sub.ADV may be divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as
follows.
[0254] TADV Type 1=(ng-eNB RX-TX time difference)+(UE E-UTRA RX-TX
time difference)
[0255] TADV Type 2=ng-eNB RX-TX time difference
[0256] AoA may be used to measure the direction of the UE. AoA is
defined as the estimated angle of the UE counterclockwise from the
eNB/TP. In this case, a geographical reference direction may be
north. The eNB/TP may use a UL signal such as an SRS and/or a DMRS
for AoA measurement. The accuracy of measurement of AoA increases
as the arrangement of an antenna array increases. When antenna
arrays are arranged at the same interval, signals received at
adjacent antenna elements may have constant phase rotate.
[0257] (3) Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA)
[0258] UTDOA is to determine the position of the UE by estimating
the arrival time of an SRS. When an estimated SRS arrival time is
calculated, a serving cell is used as a reference cell and the
position of the UE may be estimated by the arrival time difference
with another cell (or an eNB/TP). To implement UTDOA, an E-SMLC may
indicate the serving cell of a target UE in order to indicate SRS
transmission to the target UE. The E-SMLC may provide
configurations such as periodic/non-periodic SRS, bandwidth, and
frequency/group/sequence hopping.
[0259] SSB Related Behavior
[0260] FIG. 14 illustrates an SSB structure. The UE may perform
cell search, system information acquisition, beam alignment for
initial access, DL measurement, etc. based on the SSB. The SSB and
synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block
are interchangeably used.
[0261] Referring to FIG. 14, an SSB includes a PSS, an SSS, and a
PBCH. The SSB is configured over four consecutive OFDM symbols, and
the PSS, PBCH, SSS/PBCH, and PBCH are transmitted on the respective
OFDM symbols. The PSS and SSS may each consist of 1 OFDM symbol and
127 subcarriers, and the PBCH may consist of 3 OFDM symbols and 576
subcarriers. Polar coding and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)
are applied to the PBCH. The PBCH may have a data RE and a
demodulation reference signal (DMRS) RE for each OFDM symbol. There
may be three DMRS REs for each RB, and there may be three data REs
between DMRS REs.
[0262] The cell search refers to a procedure in which the UE
acquires time/frequency synchronization of a cell and detects a
cell ID (e.g., physical layer cell ID (PCID)) of the cell. The PSS
may be used in detecting a cell ID within a cell ID group, and the
SSS may be used in detecting a cell ID group. The PBCH may be used
in detecting an SSB (time) index and a half-frame.
[0263] The cell search procedure of the UE may be summarized as
shown in Table 4 below.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Type of Signals Operations 1.sup.st step PSS
SS/PBCH block (SSB) symbol timing acquisition Cell ID detection
within a cell ID group (3 hypothesis) 2.sup.nd Step SSS Cell ID
group detection (336 hypothesis) 3.sup.rd Step PBCH DMRS SSB index
and Half frame (HF) index (Slot and frame boundary detection)
4.sup.th Step PBCH Time information (80 ms, System Frame Number
(SFN), SSB index, HF) Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)
Control resource set (CORESET)/Search space configuration 5.sup.th
Step PDCCH and Cell access information PDSCH RACH configuration
[0264] There may be 336 cell ID groups, and each cell ID group may
have three cell IDs. There may be 1008 cell IDs in total.
Information about a cell ID group to which a cell ID of a cell
belongs may be provided/acquired through the SSS of the cell, and
information about the cell ID among 336 cells in the cell ID may be
provided/acquired through the PSS. FIG. 15 illustrates SSB
transmission. Referring to FIG. 15, the SSB is periodically
transmitted in accordance with the SSB periodicity. The basic SSB
periodicity assumed by the UE in the initial cell search is defined
as 20 ms. After cell access, the SSB periodicity may be set to one
of {5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms} by the network (e.g.,
the BS). A SSB burst set may be configured at the beginning of the
SSB periodicity. The SSB burst set may be configured with a 5 ms
time window (i.e., half-frame), and the SSB may be repeatedly
transmitted up to L times within the SS burst set. The maximum
number of transmissions of the SSB, L, may be given according to
the frequency band of the carrier wave as follows. One slot
includes up to two SSBs.--For frequency range up to 3 GHz, L=4
[0265] For frequency range from 3 GHz to 6 GHz, L=8 [0266] For
frequency range from 6 GHz to 52.6 GHz, L=64
[0267] The time position of an SSB candidate in the SS burst set
may be defined according to the SCS as follows. The time position
of the SSB candidate is indexed from 0 to L-1 in temporal order
within the SSB burst set (i.e., half-frame) (SSB index). [0268]
Case A--15 kHz SCS: The index of the start symbol of a candidate
SSB is given as {2, 8}+14*n. When the carrier frequency is lower
than or equal to 3 GHz, n=0, 1. When the carrier frequency is 3 GHz
to 6 GHz, n=0, 1, 2, 3. [0269] Case B--30 kHz SCS: The index of the
start symbol of a candidate SSB is given as {4, 8, 16, 20}+28*n.
When the carrier frequency is lower than or equal to 3 GHz, n=0.
When the carrier frequency is 3 GHz to 6 GHz, n=0, 1. [0270] Case
C--30 kHz SCS: The index of the start symbol of a candidate SSB is
given as {2, 8}+14*n. When the carrier frequency is lower than or
equal to 3 GHz, n=0. When the carrier frequency is 3 GHz to 6 GHz,
n=0, 1, 2, 3. [0271] Case D--120 kHz SCS: The index of the start
symbol of a candidate SSB is given as {4, 8, 16, 20}+28*n. When the
carrier frequency is higher than 6 GHz, n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8,
10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18. [0272] Case E--240 kHz SCS: The
index of the start symbol of a candidate SSB is given as {8, 12,
16, 20, 32, 36, 40, 44}+56*n. When the carrier frequency is higher
than 6 GHz, n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8.
[0273] CSI Related Behavior
[0274] In a new radio (NR) system, a CSI-RS is used for time and/or
frequency tracking, CSI computation, RSRP calculation, and
mobility. Here, CSI computation is related to CSI acquisition, and
RSRP computation is related to beam management (BM).
[0275] FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary CSI related
procedure. [0276] To perform one of the above purposes of the
CSI-RS, the UE receives configuration information related to CSI
from the BS through RRC signaling (S1601).
[0277] The CSI related configuration information may include at
least one of CSI-interference management (IM) resource related
information, CSI measurement configuration related information, CSI
resource configuration related information, CSI-RS resource related
information, or CSI report configuration related information.
[0278] i) The CSI-IM resource related information may include
CSI-IM resource information, CSI-IM resource set information, etc.
A CSI-IM resource set is identified by a CSI-IM resource set
identifier (ID), and one resource set includes at least one CSI-IM
resource. Each CSI-IM resource is identified by a CSI-IM resource
ID.
[0279] ii) The CSI resource configuration related information may
be expressed as a CSI-ResourceConfig information element (IE). The
CSI resource configuration related information defines a group
including at least one of a non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource
set, a CSI-IM resource set, or a CSI-SSB resource set. That is, the
CSI resource configuration related information includes a CSI-RS
resource set list. The CSI-RS resource set list may include at
least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource set list, a CSI-IM resource set
list, or a CSI-SSB resource set list. The CSI-RS resource set is
identified by a CSI-RS resource set ID, and one resource set
includes at least one CSI-RS resource. Each CSI-RS resource is
identified by a CSI-RS resource ID.
[0280] RRC parameters (e.g., a BM related "repetition" parameter
and a tracking related "trs-Info" parameter) indicating usage of a
CSI-RS for each NZP CSI-RS resource set ,au be configured.
[0281] iii) The CSI report configuration related information
includes a report configuration type parameter (reportConfigType)
indicative of a time domain behavior and a report quantity
parameter (reportQuantity) indicative of a CSI related quantity to
be reported. The time domain behavior may be periodic, aperiodic,
or semi-persistent. [0282] The UE measures CSI based on the CSI
related configuration information (S1603). Measuring the CSI may
include (1) receiving a CSI-RS by the UE (S1605) and (2) computing
the CSI based on the received CSI-RS (S1607). For the CSI-RS, RE
mapping of CSI-RS resources is configured in time and frequency
domains by an RRC parameter CSI-RS-ResourceMapping. [0283] The UE
reports the measured CSI to the BS (S1609).
[0284] 1. CSI Measurement
[0285] The NR system supports more flexible and dynamic CSI
measurement and reporting. The CSI measurement may include
receiving a CSI-RS, and acquiring CSI by computing the received
CSI-RS.
[0286] As time domain behaviors of CSI measurement and reporting,
channel measurement (CM) and interference measurement (IM) are
supported.
[0287] A CSI-IM-based interference measurement resource (IMR) of NR
has a design similar to CSI-IM of LTE and is configured independent
of ZP CSI-RS resources for PDSCH rate matching.
[0288] At each port of a configured NZP CSI-RS-based IMR, the BS
transmits an NZP CSI-RS to the UE.
[0289] If there is no PMI or RI feedback for a channel, a plurality
of resources is configured in a set and the BS or network
indicates, through DCI, a subset of NZP CSI-RS resources for
CM/IM.
[0290] Resource setting and resource setting configuration will be
described in more detail.
[0291] 1.1. Resource Setting
[0292] Each CSI resource setting "CSI-ResourceConfig" includes
configuration of S(.gtoreq.1) CSI resource sets (which are given by
RRC parameter csi-RS-ResourceSetList). A CSI resource setting
corresponds to CSI-RS-resourcesetlist. Here, S represents the
number of configured CSI-RS resource sets. Configuration of
S(.gtoreq.1) CSI resource sets includes each CSI resource set
including CSI-RS resources (composed of NZP CSI-RS or CSI-IM), and
an SS/PBCH block (SSB) resource used for RSRP computation.
[0293] Each CSI resource setting is positioned at a DL bandwidth
part (BWP) identified by RRC parameter bwp-id. All CSI resource
settings linked to a CSI reporting setting have the same DL
BWP.
[0294] In a CSI resource setting included in a CSI-ResourceConfig
IE, a time domain behavior of a CSI-RS resource may be indicated by
RRC parameter resourceType and may be configured to be aperiodic,
periodic, or semi-persistent.
[0295] One or more CSI resource settings for CM and IM are
configured through RRC signaling. A channel measurement resource
(CMR) may be an NZP CSI-RS for CSI acquisition, and an interference
measurement resource (IMR) may be an NZP CSI-RS for CSI-IM and for
IM. Here, CSI-IM (or a ZP CSI-RS for IM) is mainly used for
inter-cell interference measurement. An NZP CSI-RS for IM is mainly
used for intra-cell interference measurement from multiple
users.
[0296] The UE may assume that CSI-RS resource(s) for CM and
CSI-IM/NZP CSI-RS resource(s) for IM configured for one CSI
reporting are "QCL-TypeD" for each resource.
[0297] 1.2. Resource Setting Configuration
[0298] A resource setting may represent a resource set list. [0299]
When one resource setting is configured, a resource setting (given
by RRC parameter resourcesForChannelMeasurement) is about channel
measurement for RSRP computation. [0300] When two resource settings
are configured, the first resource setting (given by RRC parameter
resourcesForChannelMeasurement) is for channel measurement and the
second resource setting (given by csi-IM-ResourcesForInterference
or nzp-CSI-RS-ResourcesForInterference) is for CSI-IM or for
interference measurement performed on an NZP CSI-RS. [0301] When
three resource settings are configured, the first resource setting
(given by resourcesForChannelMeasurement) is for channel
measurement, the second resource setting (given by
csi-IM-ResourcesForInterference) is for CSI-IM based interference
measurement, and the third resource setting (given by
nzp-CSI-RS-ResourcesForInterference) is for NZP CSI-RS based
interference measurement. [0302] When one resource setting (given
by resourcesForChannelMeasurement) is configured, the resource
setting is about channel measurement for RSRP computation. [0303]
When two resource settings are configured, the first resource
setting (given by resourcesForChannelMeasurement) is for channel
measurement, and the second resource setting (given by RRC
parameter csi-IM-ResourcesForInterference) is used for interference
measurement performed on CSI-IM.
[0304] 1.3. CSI Computation
[0305] If interference measurement is performed on CSI-IM, each
CSI-RS resource for channel measurement is associated with a CSI-RS
resource in order of CSI-RS resources and CSI-IM resources in a
corresponding resource set. The number of CSI-RS resources for
channel measurement is the same as the number of CSI-IM
resources.
[0306] For CSI measurement, the UE assumes the following. [0307]
Each NZP CSI-RS port configured for interference measurement
corresponds to an interference transmission layer. [0308] Every
interference transmission layer of NZP CSI-RS ports for
interference measurement considers an energy per resource element
(EPRE) ratio. [0309] Different interference signals are assumed on
RE(s) of an NZP CSI-RS resource for channel measurement, an NZP
CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, or a CSI-IM resource
for interference measurement.
[0310] 2. CSI Reporting
[0311] For CSI reporting, time and frequency resources available
for the UE are controlled by the BS.
[0312] Regarding a CQI, PMI, CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI),
SS/PBCH block resource indicator (SSBRI), layer indicator (LI), RI,
or L1-RSRP, the UE receives RRC signaling including N(.gtoreq.1)
CSI-ReportConfig reporting settings, M(.gtoreq.1)
CSI-ResourceConfig resource settings, and a list of one or two
trigger states (provided by aperiodicTriggerStateList and
semiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList). In
aperiodicTriggerStateList, each trigger state includes a channel
and optionally a list of associated CSI-ReportConfigs indicative of
resource set IDs for interference. In
semiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList, each trigger state includes
one associated CSI-ReportConfig.
[0313] That is, for each CSI-RS resource setting, the UE transmits
CSI reporting indicated by CSI-ReportConfigs associated with the
CSI-RS resource setting to the BS. For example, the UE may report
at least one of the CQI, PMI, CRI, SSBRI, LI, RI, or RSRP as
indicated by CSI-ReportConfigs associated with the CSI resource
setting. However, if CSI-ReportConfigs associated with the CSI
resource setting indicates "none", the UE may skip reporting of the
CSI or RSRP associated with the CSI resource setting. The CSI
resource setting may include a resource for an SS/PBCH block.
[0314] FIG. 17 illustrates a structure of a radio frame used in
NR.
[0315] In NR, UL and DL transmissions are configured in frames. The
radio frame has a length of 10 ms and is defined as two 5 ms
half-frames (HF). The half-frame is defined as five 1 ms subframes
(SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number
of slots in a subframe depends on subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each
slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix
(CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot includes 14 symbols. When
an extended CP is used, each slot includes 12 symbols. Here, the
symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA
symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).
[0316] Table 5 illustrates that the number of symbols per slot, the
number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe
vary according to the SCS when the normal CP is used.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 SCS (15*2.sup. u) N.sup.slot.sub.symb
N.sup.frame, u.sub.slot N.sup.subframe, u.sub.slot 15 KHz (u = 0)
14 10 1 30 KHz (u = 1) 14 20 2 60 KHz (u = 2) 14 40 4 120 KHz (u =
3) 14 80 8 240 KHz (u = 4) 14 160 16 N.sup.slot.sub.symb: Number of
symbols in a slot N.sup.frame, u.sub.slot: Number of slots in a
frame N.sup.subframe, u.sub.slot: Number of slots in a subframe
[0317] Table 6 illustrates that the number of symbols per slot, the
number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe
vary according to the SCS when the extended CP is used.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 SCS (15*2.sup. u) N.sup.slot.sub.symb
N.sup.frame, u.sub.slot N.sup.subframe, u.sub.slot 60 KHz (u = 2)
12 40 4
[0318] In the NR system, the OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP
length, etc.) may be configured differently among a plurality of
cells merged for one UE. Thus, the (absolute time) duration of a
time resource (e.g., SF, slot or TTI) (referred to as a time unit
(TU) for simplicity) composed of the same number of symbols may be
set differently among the merged cells. FIG. 18 illustrates a slot
structure of an NR frame. A slot includes a plurality of symbols in
the time domain. For example, in the case of the normal CP, one
slot includes seven symbols. On the other hand, in the case of the
extended CP, one slot includes six symbols. A carrier includes a
plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block
(RB) is defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers (e.g., 12
consecutive subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part
(BWP) is defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in the
frequency domain and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS,
CP length, etc.). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., five) BWPs.
Data communication is performed through an activated BWP, and only
one BWP may be activated for one UE. In the resource grid, each
element is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one complex
symbol may be mapped thereto. FIG. 19 illustrates a structure of a
self-contained slot. In the NR system, a frame has a self-contained
structure in which a DL control channel, DL or UL data, a UL
control channel, and the like may all be contained in one slot. For
example, the first N symbols (hereinafter, DL control region) in
the slot may be used to transmit a DL control channel, and the last
M symbols (hereinafter, UL control region) in the slot may be used
to transmit a UL control channel. N and M are integers greater than
or equal to 0. A resource region (hereinafter, a data region) that
is between the DL control region and the UL control region may be
used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission. For example,
the following configuration may be considered. Respective sections
are listed in a temporal order.
[0319] 1. DL only configuration
[0320] 2. UL only configuration
[0321] 3. Mixed UL-DL configuration [0322] DL region+Guard period
(GP)+UL control region [0323] DL control region+GP+UL region [0324]
DL region: (i) DL data region, (ii) DL control region+DL data
region [0325] UL region: (i) UL data region, (ii) UL data region+UL
control region
[0326] The PDCCH may be transmitted in the DL control region, and
the PDSCH may be transmitted in the DL data region. The PUCCH may
be transmitted in the UL control region, and the PUSCH may be
transmitted in the UL data region. Downlink control information
(DCI), for example, DL data scheduling information, UL data
scheduling information, and the like, may be transmitted on the
PDCCH. Uplink control information (UCI), for example, ACK/NACK
information about DL data, channel state information (CSI), and a
scheduling request (SR), may be transmitted on the PUCCH. The GP
provides a time gap in the process of the UE switching from the
transmission mode to the reception mode or from the reception mode
to the transmission mode. Some symbols at the time of switching
from DL to UL within a subframe may be configured as the GP.
[0327] Meanwhile, the location server mentioned in the present
disclosure may be a specific BS responsible for a wireless
positioning operation. Alternatively, the location server may be a
server/subject responsible for the positioning operation as an
entity independent of the BS. Since it is highly probable that a
new RAT (NR) system operates as a narrow-beam-based system, the
BS/LMF/location server may instruct/configure the UE to report
measurement performed by the UE in consideration of a
transmission/reception (TX/RX) beam sweeping operation of a
transceiver.
[0328] Reporting Behavior for RAT-Dependent Positioning
[0329] A PRS block may be defined as a basic unit of PRS
transmission and reception for measurement and/or reporting
considering the TX beam sweeping of multiple TPs/BSs for a single
RX beam. A PRS occasion may be defined as a repeated structure of
the PRS block. The PRS block mentioned in the present disclosure
may correspond to a specific TX beam of each TP/BS. As described
above, the PRS block may be configured/indicated/defined by
reflecting multi-beam sweeping of the TP/BS. The LMF/location
server may configure/indicate the PRS block for/to the UE. The PRS
block may be a basic unit of PRS transmission and reception and a
basic unit of a measurement acquisition and/or measurement
reporting operation for the PRS by the UE.
[0330] To design the PRB block including a plurality of PRS
resource sets, the following elements may be considered. [0331]
Referring to FIG. 20A, in terms of a single TP/BS, all PRS
resources within a PRS resource set may be transmitted within one
PRS block. Since one PRS resource corresponds to one TX beam, the
PRS may be transmitted through multiple TX beams within one PRS
block. [0332] Referring to FIG. 20B, in consideration of all
TPs/BSs, frequency RSs and time REs within a RPS block may be fully
occupied by the PRS resource set.
[0333] For example, when three TPs/BSs with a TX beam sweeping
periodicity of 2 are considered, three PRS resource sets are
present and each of the three PRS resource sets may include two PRS
resources corresponding respectively to two TX beams of each
TP/BS.
[0334] Referring to FIG. 21, a PRS occasion has a structure in
which a PRS block is repeated N times. The network/LMF may
repeatedly transmit the PRS block and the UE may receive the PRS
block or perform RX beam sweeping according to capability in order
to improve hearability.
[0335] Time Resource and Beam Sweeping Base
[0336] A BS/LMF/location server may be linked/connected/related to
a PRS transmitted in a specific time resource, time interval,
and/or time unit to instruct/configure the UE to perform or report
at least one of ToA/RSTD/TDOA/AoA or ToA/RSTD/TDOA/AoA+RSSI/RSRP
measurement. The RSSI/RSRP measurement may be calculated based on
an average of measured received signal strength values. The
BS/LMF/location server may instruct the UE to report the index of a
PRS resource corresponding to a measurement value reported by the
UE.
[0337] For example, the BS/LMF/location server may
configure/instruct/command the UE to report measurement
information, such as AoA, ToA, and/or RSTD, which is obtained by
the UE by receiving the PRS, in units of a PRS block/PRS
occasion/PRS occasion group. The BS/LMF/location server may
configure/instruct the UE to acquire and report the measurement
information, such as AoA, ToA, and/or RSTD, in units of a specific
PRS block/PRS occasion/PRS occasion group.
[0338] This operation may be important in association with a time
unit in which a TX/RX beam sweeping operation of the TP/BS and/or
the UE is performed.
[0339] For example, the BS/LMF/location server may
configure/indicate, for/to the UE, a TX/RX beam sweeping operation
for transmitting and receiving the PRS as follows.
[0340] 1) One PRS block may be designed based on PRS transmission
while one or more TPs/BSs sweep a TX beam. For example, the PRS
block may be configured in consideration of a TX beam sweeping
period and/or the total number of TX beam sweeping operations
needed by each TP/BS within one PRS block.
[0341] 2) One PRS block may be designed/configured such that one or
more TPs/BSs repeatedly transmit the PRS through the same TX beam.
The PRS block may cause the UE to acquire signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) gain while the UE repeatedly receives the PRS. Alternatively,
when the UE repeatedly receives the same PRS, the UE may perform
measurement based on an RX beam while sweeping the RX beam.
[0342] 3) One PRS block may be configured//defined by simply
grouping a plurality of OFDM symbols without considering RX beam
sweeping of the UE and/or TX beam sweeping of the TP/BS.
[0343] 4) A PRS occasion may be configured as a larger unit than
the PRS block, and multiple PRS blocks may constitute one PRS
occasion. For example, one PRS occasion may be configured such that
the PRS may be transmitted to the UE N(.gtoreq.1) times through
each TX beam in consideration of a beam sweeping period during
which each TP/BS sweeps the TX beam M(.gtoreq.=1) times. For
example, the PRS may be transmitted and received within one PRS
occasion in consideration of both a TX beam sweeping period of the
BS and an RX beam sweeping period of the UE. Here, M indicating the
number of beam sweeping operations of each TP/BS may differ
according to each TP/BS. One or more PRS occasions may be
defined/configured/indicated as one PRS occasion group.
[0344] 5) The RX beam sweeping operation of the UE receiving the
PRS may be performed in the following unit. [0345] A TX beam may be
fixed and an RX beam may be swept in units of one or more PRS
resources. [0346] The RX beam may be swept in units of a PRS block.
In this case, the TX beam may be swept within a PRS block. [0347]
The RX beam may be swept in units of a PRS occasion. In this case,
the TX beam may be swept within a PRS occasion. [0348] When the
same PRS is transmitted multiple times using the same DL TX beam,
the UE may acquire sufficient repetition and SNR gain by receiving
the PRS transmitted multiple times through the same DL TX beam
using one fixed RX beam and sweep a PRS RX beam. [0349] The RX beam
may be swept in units of a PRS occasion group. [0350] The RX beam
may not be swept. In other words, the UE may repeatedly acquire a
measurement value using an indicated RX beam and may report the
measurement value.
[0351] For example, when one PRS block is configured in
consideration of a TX beam sweeping period including M(>1) TX
beams as illustrated in FIG. 21, the UE may be
instructed/configured to receive, through the same RX beam, a PRS
transmitted through M(>1) TX beams and then to report L(>0)
best AoA/ToA/RSTD/TDOA/RSRP measurement values. Here, the L best
measurement values may mean the smallest ToA/RSTD/TDOA value and/or
the largest RSRP/RSSI value.
[0352] To acquire or report measurement information, the
BS/LMF/location server may instruct or configure the UE to use a
specific RX beam. The BS/LMF/location server may also
instruct/configure the UE to report ToA/RSTD/TDOA in association
with one PRS occasion.
[0353] Here, within one PRS occasion, the TP/BS may transmit the
PRS through all available TX beams and the UE may receive, through
all available RX beams, the PRS transmitted through each TX beam.
Alternatively, within one PRS occasion, the PRS may be transmitted
through all available TX beams and may be received through all
available RX beams.
[0354] Instructing measurement reporting in association with the
PRS occasion group may mean that a TX/RX beam sweeping period for
transmitting and receiving the PRS is repeated multiple times. In
other words, instructing measurement reporting in association with
the PRS occasion group indicates that transmission of the PRS using
a specific TX beam and reception of the PRS using a specific RX
beam are repeated multiple times, so that a more accurate
measurement value may be reported through repetition gain.
[0355] When a CSI-RS resource set is configured in association with
a TX/RX beam sweeping operation, "repetition" defined by a higher
layer parameter may be set to "ON" or "OFF" so that the UE may
recognize/assume whether a CSI-RS resource included in a specific
CSI-RS resource set is transmitted through the same TX beam.
[0356] Similarly, a PRS resource may be configured. For example, a
configuration parameter of a unit of grouping a PRS resource
set/group or multiple PRS resource sets/groups may be introduced so
that whether TX beam sweeping is performed according to a
time/space/frequency resource of a specific TP/BS may be
configured/indicated by "ON"/"OFF". For example, the configuration
parameter may be set to "OFF" so that the UE may recognize that PRS
resources included in a specific PRS resource set/group are
transmitted through the same TX beam. Here, the meaning of "the PRS
resources are transmitted through the same TX beam" is that PRS
transmission is performed without performing TX beam sweeping over
time. That is, this means that the PRS is transmitted through one
TX beam.
[0357] When configuring the beam sweeping operation of the PRS, the
following configuration different from the configuration of a
CSI-RS may be additionally considered.
[0358] 1) Whether to perform TX beam sweeping according to a
time/frequency resource of a TX beam through which a specific TP/BS
transmits the PRS may be configured or indicated in units of a PRS
block, a PRS occasion, and/or a PRS occasion group in which the PRS
is transmitted.
[0359] 2) Unlike the CSI-RS, for the PRS, the BS/LMF/location
server may indicate, to the UE, whether TX beam sweeping is
performed and also instruct or configure the UE to perform a
measurement reporting operation in connection/linkage/association
with a specific time resource (e.g., a PRS block/PRS occasion/PRS
occasion group). The BS/LMF/location server may also
configure/instruct the UE to perform measurement acquisition and/or
measurement reporting for a specific TX beam of a specific TP/BS
and a specific RX beam of the UE. Additionally, this operation of
the UE may be instructed/configured to be performed only in a
specific PRS block, a PRS occasion, and/or a PRS occasion
group.
[0360] 3) When a CSI-RS, an SRS, an SS/PBCH block etc., other than
a dedicated PRS, are used for positioning, the BS/LMF/location
server may indicate, to the UE, whether TX beam sweeping is
performed and also instruct/configure the UE to perform a
measurement reporting operation in connection/linkage/association
with a specific time resource (e.g., a PRS block, consecutive
slots, a specific time interval, or a specific period).
[0361] For the above measurement of the UE, all measurement
information such as RSTD, AoA, AoD, ToA, TDOA, RSRP, RSSI, etc.
capable of being used for UE positioning may be included. This may
be related to a time resource unit in which the beam sweeping
operations of the TP/BS and the UE are performed. Importance of
reporting configuration/indication associated with TX/RX beam
sweeping may increase according to the structure of a dedicated RS
defined/configured for positioning.
[0362] In addition, the PRS may be configured differently from an
SS/PBCH block that defines a specific RS resource/unit transmitted
through one TX beam as one block. For example, if the PRS is
defined/configured in units of an RS resource and/or RS resource
set similarly to the CSI-RS, the BS/LMF/location server may
configure/indicate to the UE whether TX beam sweeping is performed,
together with a PRS configuration, so that the UE may recognize
whether a TX beam of a specific TP/BS for each PRS resource and/or
PRS resource set is swept when the TP/BS transmits the PRS. In
addition, a reporting unit for acquired measurement may be
indicated/configured to/for the UE.
[0363] PRS Frequency Resource Base
[0364] The BS/LMF/location server may configure/instruct the UE to
perform a specific reporting operation in association/linkage with
a PRS transmitted on a specific frequency resource.
[0365] For example, the BS/LMF/location server may
configure/indicate different measurement reporting according to a
PRS frequency band in which the PRS is transmitted to the UE. In
addition, the BS/LMF/location server may indicate/configure a
specific beam to be used by the UE according to each PRS frequency
band.
[0366] To measure the position of the UE using both a time-based
positioning scheme, such as OTDOA, and an angle-based positioning
scheme, the UE may be instructed to perform ToA/RSTD/TDOA reporting
for a specific PRS frequency resource and to perform measurement
reporting related to angle, such as AoA, for another specific PRS
frequency resource.
[0367] Although the BS transmits the PRS in K(>>1) RBs, the
BS may instruct the UE to report ToA/RSTD/TDOA/AoA only for
k(<<K) RBs among RBs in which the PRS is transmitted to the
UE according to UE capability.
[0368] Instructing/configuring the UE to perform measurement
reporting in linkage/association with this frequency resource may
be performed together with instructing/configuring the UE to
perform measurement reporting based on the above-described time
resource and beam sweeping. In the above description, measurement
may mean all measurement information capable of being used for UE
positioning, including ToA/RSTD/TDOA/AoA and RSSI/RSRP.
[0369] PRS Space Resource Base
[0370] For UE positioning, the UE may receive RSs such as PRSs
transmitted by a plurality of cells/BSs/TRPs and perform
measurement and reporting of ToA/RSTD/AoA.
[0371] Considering that different PRS resource sets are transmitted
by different TRPs/BSs/cells, as a default operation for RSTD
reporting, the UE may select a PRS resource with a minimum ToA from
each PRS resource set and report RSTD between PRS resources with
minimum ToAs in different PRS resource sets to the LMF/location
server. This operation of the UE may be indicated/configured by the
BS/LMF/location server.
[0372] The BS/LMF/location server may indicate/configure, to/for
the UE, a specific RX panel of the UE for PRS measurement and/or
reporting. For example, the BS/LMF/location server may
configure/instruct the UE to perform measurement, such as ToA or
RSTD, with respect to a specific RX panel and to perform
measurement related to angle, such as AoA, with respect to another
panel.
[0373] The BS/LMF/location server may configure/instruct the UE to
use a specific panel (e.g., an RX panel for DL or a TX panel for
UL) in a specific PRS block, a specific PRS occasion, and/or a
specific PRS occasion group.
[0374] The BS/LMF/location server may configure/instruct the UE to
use a specific panel (e.g., an RX panel for DL or a TX panel for
UL) for measurement for a specific PRS resource and/or a PRS
resource set.
[0375] The UE may report AoA values measured for respective RX
panels to the BS/LMF/location server. However, when the difference
between AoA values measured for respective RX panels is less than a
specific threshold value, the UE may report only an AoA value
measured for a specific panel or an average value of AoA values
measured for the RX panels. This operation of the UE may be
indicated/configured by the BS/LMF/location server. The UE also
reports information about a measured panel of the UE and an AoA
value for the measurement panel together.
[0376] E-CID-Like Scheme Base
[0377] Like the E-CID scheme of the LTE system, cell information
that the UE receives may be used for UE positioning even in the NR
system. In the NR system, different PRS sets such as a CSI-RS may
be allocated to different TPs/BSs or the same TP/BS in
consideration of a plurality of TPs/BSs using multiple beams. UE
positioning may be performed as follows using a PRS set ID.
[0378] 1) When PRS resource sets are allocated to different
BSs/TPs/cells:
[0379] When different PRS resource sets are allocated to different
TPs/BSs/cells, the UE may report PRS resource set indexes to the
LMF/location server so that the LMR/location service may recognize
the position of the UE. The UE may be configured/instructed to
report a maximum RSRP/RSSI/signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio
(SINR) and/or AoA value together with the PRS resource sets.
[0380] For example, as the result of performing measurement for
each PRS resource set, the UE may be configured/instructed to
report a PRS resource set ID in which a PRS resource having maximum
RSRP/RSSI is included to the BS/LMF/location server. For example,
it is assumed that TRP#0 transmits PRS resources #00 to #03 through
4 different TX beams, PRS resources #00 to #03 are included in PRS
resource set #0, TRP#1 transmits PRS resources #10, #20, #30, and
#40 through 4 different TX beams, and the PRS resources #10 to #40
are included in a PRS resource set #1. When the RSRP/RSSI of PRS
resource #00 is the largest, the UE reports an index of the PRS
resource set in which PRS resource #00 is included to the
BS/LMF/location server, and the BS/LMF/location server may
recognize the position of the UE through the index of the PRS
resource set. In other words, since one PRS resource set
corresponds to one TP/BS, if the UE reports the PRS resource set ID
having the maximum RSRP/RSSI to the BS/LMF/location server, the
BS/LMF/location server may estimate a TP/BS nearest the position of
the UE and recognize an approximate position of the UE without
additional calculation.
[0381] According to configuration of the BS/TP/location server
and/or an environment in which the UE performs an operation, the UE
may report an RSTD/ToA value and a PRS resource set ID
corresponding to the RSTD/ToA value, rather than the maximum
RSRP/RSSI, to the BS/LMF/location server. In this case, a minimum
RSTD/ToA value may be reported as the RSTD/ToA value and a PRS
resource set ID having the minimum RSTD/ToA value may be reported
to the BS/LMF/location server.
[0382] The UE may also be instructed/configured to report, to the
LMF/location server, information about a PRS resource set, such as
a PRS resource set index, and information (e.g., a PRS resource
index and an RSRP/RSSI value corresponding thereto) related to a
PRS resource having a maximum measurement value (e.g., maximum
RSRP/RSRQ/RSSI/SINR) among PRS resources included in the
corresponding PRS resource set.
[0383] The UE may report the PRS resource set index to the
LMF/location server so that the LMF/location server may recognize a
TP/BS/cell of coverage in which the UE is positioned. The UE may
additionally report a PRS resource index having a maximum
measurement value to the BS/LMF/location server so that the
BS/LMF/location server may accurately recognize information about
the position of the UE within the TP/BS/cell. If the LMF/location
server is aware of direction information of a TX beam for each PRS
resource of a specific TP/BS/cell, the LMF/location server may
recognize the position, direction, and/or distance of the UE from
the specific TP/BS.
[0384] The UE may be instructed/configured to report information
about a PRS resource (e.g., a PRS resource index) having a maximum
measurement value (e.g., maximum RSRP/RSRQ/RSSI/SINR) among
configured PRS resources to the LMF/location server, without
information about a PRS resource set.
[0385] Even when the UE is configured with one PRS resource set or
multiple PRS resource sets, if PRS resources are not shared between
different PRS resource sets, the position of the UE may be
recognized even if information about a specific PRS resource is
reported to the BS/LMF/location server.
[0386] 2) When PRS resource sets are allocated to one
TRP/BS/cell:
[0387] When different PRS resource sets are allocated to the same
TRP/BS/cell, the UE may report an ID for identifying the
TRP/BS/cell to which the PRS resource sets are allocated, a PRS
resource index, and/or a PRS resource set index to the LMF/location
server, so that the LMF/location server may recognize the position
of the UE. In this case, the UE may report a PRS resource index
and/or a PRS resource set index having a maximum measurement value
(e.g., RSRP/RSSI/SINR).
[0388] When different PRS resource sets are allocated to one
TRP/BS/cell, different PRS resource sets may be used for different
TX/RX panels of the same TRP/BS/cell. For example, one PRS resource
set may be used per TX/RX panel and multiple TX/RX beams used in
each panel may be transmitted through multiple PRS resources within
one PRS resource set. Since each panel may have directivity in a
specific direction in different regions, a TRP/BS/cell and/or a
region in which the UE is positioned may be identified using an ID
of the TRP/BS/cell and a PRS resource set ID.
[0389] In the LTE system, when a cell in which the UE is positioned
is changed for an E-CID scheme, the UE reports information about
the changed cell. Based on this premise, the following reporting
method may be considered in the NR system.
[0390] For RS (e.g., CSI-RS and/or PRS) resources for which the UE
performs measurement, an RS resource set in which an RS resource
having a maximum measurement value (e.g., RSRP/RSSI/SINR) is
included may be changed. If a cell or cell ID in which the UE is
positioned is changed, the UE may report information indicating
that the cell or cell ID has been changed, information about the
changed cell, and/or information about the changed RS resource set
to the LMF/location server.
[0391] Since information about a BS/TRP/cell in which the UE is
positioned or information about a specific region within a specific
BS/TRP/cell may be identified by the information about the RS
resource set, triggering reporting based on the premise that the
cell or cell ID in which the UE is positioned has been changed may
be usefully used. When persistent measurement acquirement is
needed, the RS may be limited to an RS which is
periodically/semi-persistently transmitted.
[0392] For UE positioning, measurement for the RS may be configured
with a considerably long period. The RS may be additionally
configured for UE positioning. Particularly, for the E-CID based
scheme, a specific RS resource and/or RS resource set may be
configured.
[0393] If an RS resource set in which RS resources having a maximum
measurement value (e.g., maximum RSRP/RSSI/SINR) are included is
changed with respect to RS (e.g., CSI-RS) resources for which the
UE performs measurement, the UE may report information indicating
that the RS resource set has been changed and/or information about
the changed RS resource set to the LMF/location server. In this
case, the meaning of "the RS resource set has been changed" may
indicate that a TP/BS/cell in which the UE is positioned has been
changed.
[0394] Angle Information Base
[0395] For an RS (e.g., a PRS or a CSI-RS) transmitted by the
TRP/BS/cell, the UE may report angle information such as AoA to the
LMF/location server. In this case, the beam sweeping operation of
the BS/TRP needs to be considered.
[0396] The UE may perform measurement for received signal strength,
such as RSRP/RSSI/SINR, and measurement for AoA, with respect to
all RS resources included in a configured RS resource set (e.g., a
PRS resource set). The UE may report an AoA value for an RS
resource having the largest RSRP/RSSI/SINR value to the
BS/LMF/location server and the BS/LMF/location server may configure
such an operation for the UE. The UE may also report an RS resource
index and/or a corresponding RSRP/RSSI value, together with the AoA
information, to the LMF/location server and the BS/LMF/location
server may configure/instruct the UE to perform such an
operation.
[0397] AoA of the UE may greatly vary according to a TX beam
direction. An RS may be transmitted through a different TX beam
according to each RS resource. To improve the accuracy of UE
positioning, the UE may measure AoA for an RS resource transmitted
through a beam having the largest RSRP/RSSI/SINR value of a
received RS resource and report the measured AoA value to the
BS/LMF/location server.
[0398] The above-described operation may be performed with a DL
beam management protocol. For example, when performing DL beam
sweeping by configuring RS resource sets, the UE may perform
measurement for AoA together with measurement for RSRP/RSSI/SINR
for a plurality of RS resources included in an RS resource set.
However, the UE may report information about RSRP/RSSI/SINR to the
BS and report information about AoA to the LMF/location server.
[0399] Additionally, a positioning scheme using a time difference
such as OTDOA and a positioning scheme using AoA may be used
together to improve positioning accuracy.
[0400] If a single RS resource set is configured in one TRP/BS/cell
and different RS resource sets are configured in different
TRPs/BSs/cells, the UE may calculate and report a ToA difference
between RS resources included in different RS resource sets upon
calculating an RSTD by receiving RSs transmitted in different
TRPs/BSs.
[0401] The UE may perform measurement for both ToA and AoA with
respect to all RS resources included in an RS resource set such as
a PRS resource set. The UE may report information about an RS
resource having a minimum ToA, information about the minimum ToA,
and/or a corresponding AoA value to the LMF/location server. When
specific RS resources for measurement and reporting for timing
information and/or angle information are indicated/configured
to/for the UE, the UE may report AoA for the indicated/configured
RS resources and an RSTD value between the indicated/configured RS
resources together.
[0402] If different RS resource sets are transmitted by different
TRPs/BSs/cells, the UE may acquire measurement for ToA and/or AoA
with respect to RS resources included in each RS resource set and
report a time difference (e.g., RSTD) value between RS resources
having minimum ToAs in respective RS resource sets and an AoA value
for an RS resource indicating a minimum ToA in each RS resource set
to the LMF/location server.
[0403] RS Related Common Sequence Base
[0404] To reduce complexity for a cross-correlation operation of
the UE, when RSs such as PRSs are transmitted by a plurality of
TRPs/BSs/cells, RS resources to which the same sequence is
allocated may be simultaneously transmitted by a single frequency
network (SFN) scheme and ToA for the RS resources may be
measured.
[0405] Since the same sequence is applied to the PRSs transmitted
by a plurality of BSs/TRPs, although ToA information may not be
obtained by distinguishing between TRPs/cells, the PRSs to which
the same sequence is allocated may be used to adjust a
cross-correlation search window for receiving PRSs using
independent sequences in different BSs/cells. In the RS based
common sequence scheme, the same RS resource may be transmitted by
the multiple TPs/BSs or only RS resource IDs differ and the same
time/frequency/sequence may be allocated. However, in this case, a
time domain operation and/or periodicity may differ.
[0406] The operation of the UE for the above-described RS based
common sequence scheme may be as follows.
[0407] 1) ToA reporting: Since the RSs are transmitted not by one
TP/BS but by multiple BSs/TPs, reporting of a first peak in
cross-correlation may not be greatly meaningful. Therefore, the UE
may report an average ToA value to the BS/LMF/location server. The
UE may also report a ToA value corresponding to a first peak and a
ToA value corresponding to a last peak to the BS/LMF/location
server.
[0408] 2) RSTD reporting: The UE may report a maximum RSTD value
based on the measured ToA value to the BS/LMF/location server.
[0409] For reporting by the UE as described above, the
BS/LMF/location server may indicate to the UE that the RS based
common sequence transmission scheme in which specific RS resources,
such as PRSs, and/or specific RS resource sets are simultaneously
transmitted by a plurality of TRPs/BSs/cells is used. In this case,
with respect to the indicated configured RS resources and/or RS
resource sets, the UE may recognize that the UE should identify
arrival times of RSs transmitted by the plural BSs/TRPs rather than
searching for only one first peak exceeding a specific threshold
value.
[0410] For example, if an average ToA and/or a maximum RSTD is
configured/indicated by the BS/LMF/location server as reporting
content for specific RS resources such as PRS resources or CSI-RS
resources, since the specific RS resources are simultaneously
transmitted by multiple TRPs/BSs, the UE may recognize that the
specific RS resources serve to adjust a cross-correlation search
window by identifying arrival times of the RSs transmitted by the
multiple TRPs/BSs rather than reporting a first peak exceeding a
specific threshold value through one cross-correlation
operation.
[0411] The RSs may be dedicatedly configured/indicated RSs for
positioning or CSI-RSs. In the case of the CSI-RSs, the
BS/LMF/location server may indicate to the UE that specific CSI-RS
resources and/or CSI-RS resource sets are used for positioning.
Alternatively, if ToA/RSTD is indicated/configured as reporting
content indicated in association/linkage with a specific configured
CSI-RS resource and/or CSI-RS resource set, the UE may recognize
that the CSI-RSs are used for positioning.
[0412] The BS/LMF/location server may configure/reconfigure the
cross-correlation search window used by the UE during transmission
of a PRS using a sequence independently allocated by a specific
TRP/BS/cell based on reporting information of the UE. For example,
the BS/LMF/location server may reconfigure/configure, for the UE, a
search window for a TRP/BS that has allocated a common sequence
based on a minimum ToA and a maximum ToA. The above-described
reporting operation may be configured/indicated in consideration of
TX/RX beam sweeping. For example, a ToA/RSTD reporting operation
for a specific TX beam or specific PRS resource may be
configured.
[0413] CSI-RS Base
[0414] The BS/LMF/location server may use a CSI-RS for UE
positioning. For example, a CSI-RS for beam management may be used
for UE positioning. Alternatively, an additional CSI-RS resource
and/or a CSI-RS resource set may be allocated for UE
positioning.
[0415] The BS/LMF/location server may configure a CSI-RS resource
and/or a CSI-RS resource set for the UE and also
configure/indicate, for/to the UE, a ToA, RSTD, and/or AoA as a
reporting configuration linked to the CSI-RS resource and the
CSI-RS resource set.
[0416] For example, only a CSI-RS resource set in which a higher
layer parameter "repetition" is configured may be limitedly used
for UE positioning. ToA/RSTD reporting may be configured/indicated
for/to the UE in association with a CSI-RS resource set and/or a
CSI-RS resource setting in which the higher layer parameter
"repetition" is set to "ON" or "OFF". If the UE is
configured/instructed to report ToA/RSTD measurement together with
RSRP information acquired through the CSI-RS to the BS, the BS may
transmit information about ToA/RSTD to the LMF/location server.
Alternatively, the LMF/location server may request that the BS
transmit the information about ToA/RSTD.
[0417] The BS/LMF/location server may configure/instruct the UE to
report ToA/RSTD using the CSI-RS. The BS/LMF/location server may
configure, for the UE, a CSI-RS resource and/or a CSI-RS resource
set and also configure a search window for a cross-correlation
operation in association/linkage with the CSI-RS resource and/or
CSI-RS resource set. Such a search window may be configured only
when reporting content is ToA/RSTD in linkage with a reporting
configuration for the CSI-RS resource and/or CSI-RS resource set.
To configure the search window for the UE in linkage with the
reporting content, the LMF/location server may inform the BS of the
search window.
[0418] In regard to the reporting configuration related to ToA, the
UE may be configured to report ToA among ToA values measured for
all CSI-RS resources of a specific CSI-RS resource set. In this
case, a minimum ToA among ToA measurement values for CSI-RS
resources of the CSI-RS resource set may be reported to the
BS/LMF/location server. Alternatively, the minimum ToA and a CSI-RS
resource index corresponding thereto may be reported to the
BS/LMF/location server. The above-described operation of the UE may
be configured/indicated to the UE by the BS/LMF/location
server.
[0419] The BS may configure a specific CSI-RS resource set such
that the UE may measure ToA for a specific TP/BS. When the
configuration parameter "repetition" of the CSI-RS resource set is
set to "OFF", the TP/BS may transmit the CSI-RS on a plurality of
symbols while sweeping a TX beam. The UE may measure, through a
fixed RX beam, ToA for CSI-RS resources transmitted through a
plurality of TX beams by the TP/BS. Since received power of the UE
for a line-of-sight (LoS) component may differ according to a TX
beam direction, ToA values measured for CSI-RS resources may
differ. Accordingly, it is desirable to report a value that has
reflected LoS best among LoS measurement values for respective
CSI-RS resources to the BS/LMF/location server.
[0420] For example, generally, since a CSI-RS resource having the
shortest ToA may be recognized as a value that has reflected LoS
best, the UE may report the CSI-RS resource having the shortest ToA
to the BS/LMF/location server. ToA and RSRP may be used together,
so that the UE may report a CSI-RS resource having the shortest ToA
and a CSI-RS resource having the largest RSRP, among CSI-RS
resources on which ToA is shorter than a first threshold value and
RSRP is larger than a second threshold value, to the
BS/LMF/location server. This may be equally applied even when the
CSI-RS resource set is configured as repetition="OFF".
[0421] The CSI-RS may UE-transparently operate in a multi-cell
and/or multi-TRP environment. Accordingly, even for UL-based UE
positioning, the UE may transmit a UL RS such as an SRS in a
direction corresponding to a minimum ToA. For example, when a
specific TP/BS transmits a plurality of CSI-RS resources included
in a specific CSI-RS resource set while performing TX beam sweeping
in the time domain, the UE may transmit the SRS in a direction
corresponding to a specific CSI-RS resource having the minimum
ToA.
[0422] Specifically, when a specific CSI-RS resource set is
configured as repetition="ON", the UE may recognize that the CSI-RS
is transmitted in a plurality of symbols through the same TX beam
by a specific TP/BS. The UE may measure ToA for each CSI-RS
resource while sweeping an RX beam as many times as the number of
CSI-RS resources included in the CSI-RS resource set and determine
an RX beam direction in which a minimum ToA value may be obtained
among configured CSI-RS resources.
[0423] The UE may transmit a UL RS such as an SRS based on the
determined RX beam direction while UTDOA based UE positioning is
performed. That is, the UE may transmit the SRS in the direction of
a beam corresponding to a CSI-RS resource of the CSI-RS resource
set. In this case, the BS may not configure additional quasi
co-location (QCL) for the UE and the BS/LMF/location server may
configure/instruct the UE to determine a UL beam direction as a
direction corresponding to a CSI-RS resource with a minimum ToA
value.
[0424] The above-described method may be extended to/applied
to/used in a PRS. The UE may measure ToA for a PRS transmitted
through a plurality of TX beams by a specific TP/BS and transmit a
UL RS such as an SRS in a beam direction corresponding to a PRS
resource having a minimum ToA among measured ToA values. The
BS/LMF/location server may configure/indicate the above
operation.
[0425] Unlike the CSI-RS, the PRS may have no configuration of
repetition="OFF" or repetition="ON". In this case, the PRS
block/PRS occasion/PRS occasion group may be
defined/configured/indicated as described above in consideration of
TX/RX beam sweeping. In the case of the PRS, a beam through which a
UL SRS is transmitted to a specific TRP/BS in linkage with a
physical cell ID or a virtual cell ID may be configured/indicated
in units of a specific TP/cell or a specific TP/cell group. This
operation may be configured/indicated for/to the UE by the
BS/LMF/location server.
[0426] FIGS. 22 to 25 are views illustrating operation
implementation examples of a UE, a BS, and a location server
according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0427] FIG. 22 is a view illustrating an operation implementation
example of the BS according to an embodiment of the present
disclosure. Referring to FIG. 22, the BS may transmit information
about a PRS resource configuration and information about a PRS
reporting configuration (S2201). Details of a method of configuring
a PRS resource and PRS reporting and information for the method may
be based on the above description.
[0428] The BS may transmit a PRS based on the PRS resource
configuration (S2203) and receive reporting related to PRS
measurement based on the PRS reporting configuration (S205). A
detailed method in which the BS transmits the PRS and receives
reporting related to PRS measurement may be based on the above
description.
[0429] The BS of FIG. 22 may be any one of various devices of FIGS.
27 to 30. For example, the BS of FIG. 22 may be a second wireless
device 200 of FIG. 27 or a wireless device 100 or 200 of FIG. 28.
In other words, the operation of the BS described in FIG. 22 may be
implemented or performed by any one of the various devices of FIGS.
27 to 30.
[0430] FIG. 23 is a view illustrating an operation implementation
example of the UE according to an embodiment of the present
disclosure. Referring to FIG. 23, the UE may receive information
about a PRS resource configuration and information about a PRS
reporting configuration (S2301). Details of a method of configuring
a PRS resource and PRS reporting and information for the method may
be based on the above description.
[0431] The UE may receive a PRS based on the PRS resource
configuration (S2303). The UE may perform measurement related to
the PRS based on the received PRS and the PRS reporting
configuration (S2305) and report measurement related to the PRS
(S2307). A detailed method in which the UE receives the PRS and
performs and reports related measurement may be based on the above
description.
[0432] The UE of FIG. 23 may be any one of various devices of FIGS.
27 to 30. For example, the UE of FIG. 23 may be a first wireless
device 100 of FIG. 27 or a wireless device 100 or 200 of FIG. 28.
In other words, the operation of the UE described in FIG. 23 may be
implemented or performed by any one of the various devices of FIGS.
27 to 30.
[0433] FIG. 24 is a view illustrating an operation implementation
example of the location server according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure. The location server may transmit information
about a PRS resource and information about a PRS reporting
configuration (S2401). Details of a method of configuring a PRS
resource and PRS reporting and information for the method may be
based on the above description.
[0434] The location server may receive reporting related to PRS
measurement based on the PRS reporting configuration (S2403). A
detailed method in which the location server receives reporting
related to PRS measurement may be based on the above
description.
[0435] The location server of FIG. 24 may be a location server 90
described in FIG. 32. In other words, the operation described in
FIG. 24 may be performed or operated by the location server 90 of
FIG. 32.
[0436] FIG. 25 is a view illustrating an operation implementation
example of a network according to an embodiment of the present
disclosure. Referring to FIG. 25, the location server may transmit
information about a PRS resource configuration and information
about a PRS reporting configuration to the BS (S2501) and the BS
may transmit the information about the PRS resource configuration
and the information about the PRS reporting configuration to the UE
(S2503). The location server may directly transmit the information
about the PRS resource configuration and the information about the
PRS reporting configuration to the UE (S2505). In other words, if
step S2505 is performed, steps S2501 and S2503 may be omitted. That
is, step S2505 and steps S2501 and S2503 may be selectively
performed.
[0437] Detailed information and/or content for configuring the
information about the PRS resource configuration and the
information about the PRS reporting configuration transmitted in
steps S2501 to S2505 may be based on the above description.
[0438] The BS may transmit a PRS to the UE based on the information
related to the PRS resource configuration to the UE (S2507) and the
UE may transmit PRS measurement reporting to the BS and/or the
location server by measuring the received PRS (S2509 and S2511). If
the UE transmits the PRS measurement reporting to the BS, the BS
may transmit the PRS measurement reporting to the location server
(S2513). In other words, if the UE directly transmits the PRS
measurement reporting to the location server as in S2511, steps
S2509 and S2513 may be omitted. That is, S2511 and S2509/S2513 may
be selectively performed. A detailed method of performing the PRS
measurement reporting illustrated in FIG. 25 may be based on the
above description.
[0439] The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,
methods, and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure
described in this document may be applied to, without being limited
to, a variety of fields requiring wireless communication/connection
(e.g., 5G) between devices.
[0440] Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with
reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/description,
the same reference symbols may denote the same or corresponding
hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks unless
described otherwise.
[0441] FIG. 26 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the
present disclosure.
[0442] Referring to FIG. 26, a communication system 1 applied to
the present disclosure includes wireless devices, BSs, and a
network. Herein, the wireless devices represent devices performing
communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT
(NR)) or long-term evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as
communication/radio/5G devices. The wireless devices may include,
without being limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2,
an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, a
home appliance 100e, an Internet of things (IoT) device 100f, and
an artificial intelligence (AI) device/server 400. For example, the
vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication
function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of
performing communication between vehicles. Herein, the vehicles may
include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR
device may include an augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality
(VR)/mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form
of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted in
a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable
device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a
robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a
smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses),
and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a
TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may
include a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, the BSs and the
network may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific
wireless device 200a may operate as a BS/network node with respect
to other wireless devices.
[0443] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the
network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the
wireless devices 100a to 100f and the wireless devices 100a to 100f
may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The
network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE)
network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices
100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BSs
200/network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform
direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other
without passing through the BSs/network. For example, the vehicles
100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g.
vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)/vehicle-to-everything (V2X)
communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct
communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other
wireless devices 100a to 100f.
[0444] Wireless communication/connections 150a, 150b, or 150c may
be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100f/BS 200, or
BS 200/BS 200. Herein, the wireless communication/connections may
be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as
uplink/downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b
(or, D2D communication), or inter BS communication (e.g. relay,
integrated access backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the
BSs/the wireless devices may transmit/receive radio signals to/from
each other through the wireless communication/connections 150a and
150b. For example, the wireless communication/connections 150a and
150b may transmit/receive signals through various physical
channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration
information configuring processes, various signal processing
processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding,
modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and
resource allocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio
signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the
present disclosure.
[0445] FIG. 27 illustrates wireless devices applicable to the
present disclosure.
[0446] Referring to FIG. 27, a first wireless device 100 and a
second wireless device 200 may transmit radio signals through a
variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless
device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to
{the wireless device 100x and the BS 200} and/or {the wireless
device 100x and the wireless device 100x} of FIG. 26.
[0447] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more
processors 102 and one or more memories 104 and additionally
further include one or more transceivers 106 and/or one or more
antennas 108. The processor(s) 102 may control the memory(s) 104
and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may be configured to implement
the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or
operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the
processor(s) 102 may process information within the memory(s) 104
to generate first information/signals and then transmit radio
signals including the first information/signals through the
transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signals
including second information/signals through the transceiver 106
and then store information obtained by processing the second
information/signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may be
connected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of
information related to operations of the processor(s) 102. For
example, the memory(s) 104 may store software code including
commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes
controlled by the processor(s) 102 or for performing the
descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or
operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the
processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of a
communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g.,
LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the
processor(s) 102 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through
one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may
include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may
be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the
present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a
communication modem/circuit/chip.
[0448] Specifically, commands and/or operations controlled by the
processor 102 and stored in the memory 104 in the wireless device
100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be
described below.
[0449] While the operations are described in the context of a
control operation of the processor 102 from the perspective of the
processor 102, software code for performing these operations may be
stored in the memory 104.
[0450] The processor(s) 102 may control the transceiver(s) 106 to
receive information about a PRS resource configuration and
information about a PRS reporting configuration. Details of a
method of configuring a PRS resource and PRS reporting and
information for the method may be based on the above
description.
[0451] The processor(s) 102 may control the transceiver(s) 106 to
receive a PRS based on the PRS resource configuration. The
processor(s) 102 may perform measurement related to the PRS based
on the received PRS and the PRS reporting configuration and control
the transceiver(s) 106 to report measurement related to the PRS. A
detailed method in which the processor(s) 102 control the
transceiver(s) 106 to receive the PRS and control the
transceiver(s) 106 to measure and report related measurement may be
based on the above description.
[0452] Specifically, instructions and/or operations, which are
controlled by the processor(s) 202 of the second wireless device
200 and stored in the memory(s) 204, according to an embodiment of
the present disclosure, will now be described.
[0453] While the following operations are described in the context
of a control operation of the processor(s) 202 from the perspective
of the processor(s) 202, software code for performing these
operations may be stored in the memory(s) 204. The processor(s) 202
may control the transceiver(s) to transmit, to the location server
90 of FIG. 32, information indicating that an SS/PBCH block and/or
a CSI-RS is used as a PRS resource PRS resource or the SS/PBCH
block or the CSI-RS will be used to determine a TX/RX beam for
transmitting and receiving the PRS.
[0454] The processor(s) 202 may control the transceiver(s) to
transmit information about a PRS resource configuration and
information about a PRS reporting configuration. Details of a
method of configuring a PRS resource and PRS reporting and
information for the method may be based on the above
description.
[0455] The processor(s) 202 may control the transceiver(s) 206 to
transmit a PRS based on the PRS resource configuration and control
the transceiver(s) 206 to receive reporting related to PRS
measurement based on the PRS reporting configuration. A detailed
method in which the processor(s) 202 control the transceiver(s) 106
to transmit the PRS and control the transceiver(s) 206 to receive
reporting related to PRS measurement may be based on the above
description.
[0456] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100
and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol
layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more
processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102
and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers
such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). The one or more
processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units
(PDUs) and/or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to
the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or
operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more
processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information,
data, or information according to the descriptions, functions,
procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts
disclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202
may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs,
messages, control information, data, or information according to
the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or
operational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide the
generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The
one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g.,
baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and
acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or
information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures,
proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this
document.
[0457] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as
controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers.
The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by
hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an
example, one or more application specific integrated circuits
(ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more
digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable
logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays
(FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202.
The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or
operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be
implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software
may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions.
Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions,
functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational
flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the one or
more processors 102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories
104 and 204 so as to be driven by the one or more processors 102
and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,
methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document
may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code,
commands, and/or a set of commands.
[0458] The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the
one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data,
signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions,
and/or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be
configured by read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories
(RAMs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories
(EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories,
computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The
one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior
and/or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one
or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more
processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired
or wireless connection.
[0459] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user
data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned
in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of this document, to
one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206
may receive user data, control information, and/or radio
signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions,
procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts
disclosed in this document, from one or more other devices. For
example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected
to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive
radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202
may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and
206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals
to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and
202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106
and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio
signals from one or more other devices. The one or more
transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more
antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206
may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control
information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the
descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or
operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one
or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, the one or more
antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of
logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more
transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio
signals/channels etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals in
order to process received user data, control information, radio
signals/channels, etc. using the one or more processors 102 and
202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user
data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. processed
using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band
signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more
transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/or
filters.
[0460] In the present disclosure, the at least one memory 104 or
204 may store instructions or programs, and the instructions or
programs may cause, when executed, at least one processor operably
connected to the at least one memory to perform operations
according to the above-described embodiments or implementations of
the present disclosure.
[0461] In the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage
medium may store at least one instruction or computer program, and
the at least one instruction or computer program may cause, when
executed by at least one processor, the at least one processor to
perform operations according to the above-described embodiments or
implementations of the present disclosure.
[0462] In the present disclosure, a processing device or apparatus
may include at least one processor and at least one computer memory
which is connectable to the at least one processor. The at least
one computer memory may store instructions or programs, and the
instructions or programs may cause, when executed, the at least one
processor operably connected to the at least one memory to perform
operations according to the above-described embodiments or
implementations of the present disclosure.
[0463] FIG. 28 illustrates another example of a wireless device
applied to the present disclosure. The wireless device may be
implemented in various forms according to a use-case/service (refer
to FIG. 26)
[0464] Referring to FIG. 28, wireless devices 100 and 200 may
correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 27 and may
be configured by various elements, components, units/portions,
and/or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and
200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a
memory unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication
unit may include a communication circuit 112 and transceiver(s)
114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include the one
or more processors 102 and 202 and/or the one or more memories 104
and 204 of FIG. 27. For example, the transceiver(s) 114 may include
the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and/or the one or more
antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 27. The control unit 120 is
electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory
130, and the additional components 140 and controls overall
operation of the wireless devices. For example, the control unit
120 may control an electric/mechanical operation of the wireless
device based on programs/code/commands/information stored in the
memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit the information
stored in the memory unit 130 to the exterior (e.g., other
communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a
wireless/wired interface or store, in the memory unit 130,
information received through the wireless/wired interface from the
exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication
unit 110. Accordingly, the detailed operating procedures of the
control unit 120 and the programs/code/commands/information stored
in the memory unit 130 may correspond to at least one operation of
the processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 27 and at least one operation of
the memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 27.
[0465] The additional components 140 may be variously configured
according to types of wireless devices. For example, the additional
components 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery,
input/output (I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The
wireless device may be implemented in the form of, without being
limited to, the robot (100a of FIG. 26), the vehicles (100b-1 and
100b-2 of FIG. 26), the XR device (100c of FIG. 26), the hand-held
device (100d of FIG. 26), the home appliance (100e of FIG. 26), the
IoT device (100f of FIG. 26), a digital broadcast terminal, a
hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medicine
device, a fintech device (or a finance device), a security device,
a climate/environment device, the AI server/device (400 of FIG.
26), the BSs (200 of FIG. 26), a network node, etc. The wireless
device may be used in a mobile or fixed place according to a
use-example/service.
[0466] In FIG. 28, the entirety of the various elements,
components, units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices
100 and 200 may be connected to each other through a wired
interface or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected
through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the
wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the
communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and the control
unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly
connected through the communication unit 110. Each element,
component, unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices
100 and 200 may further include one or more elements. For example,
the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of one or more
processors. As an example, the control unit 120 may be configured
by a set of a communication control processor, an application
processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphical processing
unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the
memory 130 may be configured by a Random Access Memory (RAM), a
Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM)), a flash memory, a
volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination
thereof.
[0467] FIG. 29 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving
vehicle applied to the present disclosure. The vehicle or
autonomous driving vehicle may be implemented by a mobile robot, a
car, a train, a manned/unmanned Aerial Vehicle (AV), a ship,
etc.
[0468] Referring to FIG. 29, a vehicle or autonomous driving
vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit
110, a control unit 120, a driving unit 140a, a power supply unit
140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The
antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication
unit 110. The blocks 110/130/140a to 140d correspond to the blocks
110/130/140 of FIG. 28, respectively.
[0469] The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals
(e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such
as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and
servers. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by
controlling elements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving
vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may include an Electronic Control
Unit (ECU). The driving unit 140a may cause the vehicle or the
autonomous driving vehicle 100 to drive on a road. The driving unit
140a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, a
brake, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b may
supply power to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100
and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The
sensor unit 140c may acquire a vehicle state, ambient environment
information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c may
include an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, a collision
sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight
sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle
forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire
sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor,
an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedal position
sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d may implement
technology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle is driving,
technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive
cruise control, technology for autonomously driving along a
determined path, technology for driving by automatically setting a
path if a destination is set, and the like.
[0470] For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map
data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The
autonomous driving unit 140d may generate an autonomous driving
path and a driving plan from the obtained data. The control unit
120 may control the driving unit 140a such that the vehicle or the
autonomous driving vehicle 100 may move along the autonomous
driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction
control). In the middle of autonomous driving, the communication
unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically acquire recent traffic
information data from the external server and acquire surrounding
traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In the middle
of autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c may obtain a vehicle
state and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomous
driving unit 140d may update the autonomous driving path and the
driving plan based on the newly obtained data/information. The
communication unit 110 may transfer information about a vehicle
position, the autonomous driving path, and/or the driving plan to
the external server. The external server may predict traffic
information data using AI technology, etc., based on the
information collected from vehicles or autonomous driving vehicles
and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles
or the autonomous driving vehicles.
[0471] FIG. 30 illustrates a hand-held device applied to the
present disclosure. The hand-held device may include a smartphone,
a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smartglasses),
or a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The hand-held device may
be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a
mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an
advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).
[0472] Referring to FIG. 30, a hand-held device 100 may include an
antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a
memory unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b,
and an input/output (I/O) unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be
configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to
130/140a to 140c correspond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG.
28, respectively.
[0473] The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals
(e.g., data and control signals) to and from other wireless devices
or BSs. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by
controlling constituent elements of the hand-held device 100. The
control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). The
memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands
needed to drive the hand-held device 100. The memory unit 130 may
also store input/output data/information. The power supply unit
140a may supply power to the hand-held device 100 and include a
wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit
140b may support connection of the hand-held device 100 to other
external devices. The interface unit 140b may include various ports
(e.g., an audio I/O port and a video I/O port) for connection to
external devices. The I/O unit 140c may input or output video
information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or
information input by a user. The I/O unit 140c may include a
camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140d, a
speaker, and/or a haptic module.
[0474] As an example, in the case of data communication, the I/O
unit 140c may acquire information/signals (e.g., touch, text,
voice, images, or video) input by a user and the acquired
information/signals may be stored in the memory unit 130. The
communication unit 110 may covert the information/signals stored in
the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio
signals to other wireless devices directly or to the BS. The
communication unit 110 may receive radio signals from other
wireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio
signals into original information/signals. The restored
information/signals may be stored in the memory unit 130 and may be
output as various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic
type) through the I/O unit 140c.
[0475] FIG. 31 illustrates a signal process circuit for a
transmission signal.
[0476] Referring to FIG. 31, a signal processing circuit 1000 may
include scramblers 1010, modulators 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a
precoder 1040, resource mappers 1050, and signal generators 1060.
An operation/function of FIG. 31 may be performed, without being
limited to, the processors 102 and 202 and/or the transceivers 106
and 206 of FIG. 27. Hardware elements of FIG. 31 may be implemented
by the processors 102 and 202 and/or the transceivers 106 and 206
of FIG. 27. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented by
the processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 27. Alternatively, the blocks
1010 to 1050 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202 of
FIG. 27 and the block 1060 may be implemented by the transceivers
106 and 206 of FIG. 27.
[0477] Codewords may be converted into radio signals via the signal
processing circuit 1000 of FIG. 31. Herein, the codewords are
encoded bit sequences of information blocks. The information blocks
may include transport blocks (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a
DL-SCH transport block). The radio signals may be transmitted
through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH and a PDSCH).
[0478] Specifically, the codewords may be converted into scrambled
bit sequences by the scramblers 1010. Scramble sequences used for
scrambling may be generated based on an initialization value, and
the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless
device. The scrambled bit sequences may be modulated to modulation
symbol sequences by the modulators 1020. A modulation scheme may
include pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-Phase Shift
Keying (m-PSK), and m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (m-QAM).
Complex modulation symbol sequences may be mapped to one or more
transport layers by the layer mapper 1030. Modulation symbols of
each transport layer may be mapped (precoded) to corresponding
antenna port(s) by the precoder 1040. Outputs z of the precoder
1040 may be obtained by multiplying outputs y of the layer mapper
1030 by an N*M precoding matrix W. Herein, N is the number of
antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers. The precoder
1040 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding
(e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the
precoder 1040 may perform precoding without performing transform
precoding.
[0479] The resource mappers 1050 may map modulation symbols of each
antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency
resources may include a plurality of symbols (e.g., a CP-OFDMA
symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality
of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generators 1060
may generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols and
the generated radio signals may be transmitted to other devices
through each antenna. For this purpose, the signal generators 1060
may include Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) modules, Cyclic
Prefix (CP) inserters, Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), and
frequency up-converters.
[0480] Signal processing procedures for a signal received in the
wireless device may be configured in a reverse manner of the signal
processing procedures 1010 to 1060 of FIG. 31. For example, the
wireless devices (e.g., 100 and 200 of FIG. 28) may receive radio
signals from the exterior through the antenna ports/transceivers.
The received radio signals may be converted into baseband signals
through signal restorers. To this end, the signal restorers may
include frequency downlink converters, Analog-to-Digital Converters
(ADCs), CP remover, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) modules. Next,
the baseband signals may be restored to codewords through a
resource demapping procedure, a postcoding procedure, a
demodulation processor, and a descrambling procedure. The codewords
may be restored to original information blocks through decoding.
Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not illustrated) for a
reception signal may include signal restorers, resource demappers,
a postcoder, demodulators, descramblers, and decoders.
[0481] To perform the embodiments of the present disclosure, there
may be provided the location server 90 as illustrated in FIG. 32.
The location server 90 may be logically or physically connected to
a wireless device 70 and/or a network node 80. The wireless device
70 may be the first wireless device 100 of FIG. 27 and/or the
wireless device 100 or 200 of FIG. 28. The network node 80 may be
the second wireless device 100 of FIG. 27 and/or the wireless
device 100 or 200 of FIG. 28.
[0482] The location server 90 may be, without being limited to, an
AMF, an LMF, an E-SMLC, and/or an SLP and may be any device only if
the device serves as the location server 90 for implementing the
embodiments of the present disclosure. Although the location server
90 has used the name of the location server for convenience of
description, the location server 90 may be implemented not as a
server type but as a chip type. Such a chip type may be implemented
to perform all functions of the location server 90 which will be
described below.
[0483] Specifically, the location server 90 includes a transceiver
91 for communicating with one or more other wireless devices,
network nodes, and/or other elements of a network. The transceiver
91 may include one or more communication interfaces. The
transceiver 91 communicates with one or more other wireless
devices, network nodes, and/or other elements of the network
connected through the communication interfaces.
[0484] The location server 90 includes a processing chip 92. The
processing chip 92 may include at least one processor, such as a
processor 93, and at least one memory device, such as a memory
94.
[0485] The processing chip 92 may control one or more processes to
implement the methods described in this specification and/or
embodiments for problems to be solved by this specification and
solutions for the problems. In other words, the processing chip 92
may be configured to perform at least one of the embodiments
described in this specification. That is, the processor 93 includes
at least one processor for performing the function of the location
server 90 described in this specification. For example, one or more
processors may control the one or more transceivers 91 of FIG. 32
to transmit and receive information.
[0486] The processing chip 92 includes a memory 94 configured to
store data, programmable software code, and/or other information
for performing the embodiments described in this specification.
[0487] In other words, in the embodiments according to the present
specification, when the memory 94 is executed by at least one
processor, such as the processor 93, the memory 94 allows the
processor 93 to perform some or all of the processes controlled by
the processor 93 of FIG. 32 or stores software code 95 including
instructions for performing the embodiments described in this
specification.
[0488] Specifically, instructions and/or operations, which are
controlled by the processor 93 of the location server 90 and are
stored in the memory 94, according to an embodiment of the present
disclosure will now be described.
[0489] While the operations are described in the context of a
control operation of the processor 93 from the perspective of the
processor 93, software code for performing these operations may be
stored in the memory 104. The processor 93 may control the
transceiver 91 to transmit information about a PRS resource
configuration and information about a PRS reporting configuration.
Details of a method of configuring a PRS resource and PRS reporting
and information for the method may be based on the above
description.
[0490] The processor 93 may control the transceiver 91 to receive
reporting related to PRS measurement based on the PRS report
configuration. A detailed method in which the processor 93 controls
the transceiver 91 to receive reporting related to PRS measurement
may be based on the above description.
[0491] The implementations described above are those in which the
elements and features of the present disclosure are combined in a
predetermined form. Each component or feature shall be considered
optional unless otherwise expressly stated. Each component or
feature may be implemented in a form that is not combined with
other components or features. It is also possible to construct
implementations of the present disclosure by combining some of the
elements and/or features. The order of the operations described in
the implementations of the present disclosure may be changed. Some
configurations or features of certain implementations may be
included in other implementations, or may be replaced with
corresponding configurations or features of other implementations.
It is clear that the claims that are not expressly cited in the
claims may be combined to form an implementation or be included in
a new claim by an amendment after the application.
[0492] The specific operation described herein as being performed
by the base station may be performed by its upper node, in some
cases. That is, it is apparent that various operations performed
for communication with a terminal in a network including a
plurality of network nodes including a base station can be
performed by the base station or by a network node other than the
base station. A base station may be replaced by terms such as a
fixed station, a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), an access point, and the
like.
[0493] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the
present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without
departing from the spirit of the disclosure. Accordingly, the above
description should not be construed in a limiting sense in all
respects and should be considered illustrative. The scope of the
present disclosure should be determined by rational interpretation
of the appended claims, and all changes within the scope of
equivalents of the present disclosure are included in the scope of
the present disclosure.
[0494] While the above-described method of acquiring positioning
information and the apparatus therefor have been described in the
context of a 5G NewRAT system, the method and apparatus are also
applicable to various other wireless communication systems.
* * * * *