U.S. patent application number 16/826201 was filed with the patent office on 2020-11-19 for non-metallic projectile and method of manufacturing the same.
The applicant listed for this patent is Adam H. Teig, Randy S. Teig. Invention is credited to Adam H. Teig, Randy S. Teig.
Application Number | 20200363178 16/826201 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005008277 |
Filed Date | 2020-11-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200363178 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Teig; Randy S. ; et
al. |
November 19, 2020 |
NON-METALLIC PROJECTILE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Abstract
The invention includes a non-metal, polymer projectile that can
be launched from a launching device having a smooth or rifled bore,
wherein the launch is facilitated using combustion, vacuum, air
pressure, or hydraulic pressure.
Inventors: |
Teig; Randy S.; (Longview,
WA) ; Teig; Adam H.; (Ellensburg, WA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Teig; Randy S.
Teig; Adam H. |
Longview
Ellensburg |
WA
WA |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005008277 |
Appl. No.: |
16/826201 |
Filed: |
March 21, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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14939194 |
Nov 12, 2015 |
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16826201 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B 10/26 20130101;
F42B 12/745 20130101; F42B 12/34 20130101; F42B 14/02 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F42B 12/74 20060101
F42B012/74; F42B 10/26 20060101 F42B010/26; F42B 12/34 20060101
F42B012/34; F42B 14/02 20060101 F42B014/02 |
Claims
1. A non-metallic projectile, comprising a projectile body
manufactured as a single, integral piece of polymer, said body
including a tip, a bearing surface, an ogive, a meplat and a
tail.
2. The projectile of claim 1 wherein said body has a specific
gravity at least equal to a specific gravity of water and less than
270% greater than a specific gravity of water.
3. The projectile of claim 1 wherein said body has a tensile
strength of at least 10,000 pounds per square inch.
4. The projectile of claim 1 wherein said body has a compressive
strength of at least 10,000 pounds per square inch.
5. The projectile of claim 1 wherein said body has a coefficient of
friction of no more than 0.3.
6. The projectile of claim 1 wherein said projectile component
includes a hollow interior region.
7. The projectile of claim 6 wherein said hollow interior region is
chosen from a region that extends from said tip to said tail such
that said hollow interior region extends completely through said
projectile, a region that extends from said tip into said body, and
a region that extends from said tail into said body.
8. The projectile of claim 1 wherein said projectile is chosen to
have a specific gravity that matches a specific gravity of a medium
into which the projectile will be fired.
9. The projectile of claim 1 wherein said projectile is chosen to
have a specific gravity that will maximize a ballistic pressure
wave created by said projectile upon impact with a medium into
which the projectile will be fired.
10. The projectile of claim 6 wherein said hollow interior region
includes at least one of a helical structure and a groove.
11. A non-metallic projectile, comprising: one-piece body having an
absence of fins, being manufactured entirely of polymer, weighing
more than 7 grains, and having a bearing surface, a rearward end,
and a forward end.
12. The projectile of claim 11 wherein said polymer has a specific
gravity of at least 1.0 and at most 2.16 g/cc.
13. The projectile of claim 11 wherein said polymer has a tensile
strength of at least 6000 pounds per square inch, and a compressive
strength of at least 6000 pounds per square inch.
14. The projectile of claim 11 wherein said polymer has a dynamic
coefficient of friction against a steel surface of at most 0.5.
15. The projectile of claim 11 wherein said body includes a bore
chosen from a bore extending axially through said rearward end of
said body and into a central region of said body, a bore extending
axially through said forward end of said body and into said central
region of said body, and a bore extending axially through said
forward end, through said central region and through said rearward
end of said body, said bore including a hollow interior surface
having a surface feature chosen from a groove formed
circumferentially on said hollow interior surface of said bore, a
helical structure formed on said hollow interior surface of said
bore, said helical structure used to convert between rotational and
linear movement or force, and a smooth interior surface on said
hollow interior surface of said bore.
16. A launching system, comprising: a launching device including a
carbon fiber barrel that includes an interior barrel surface that
defines a launching aperture; and a one-piece projectile
manufactured entirely of polymer, said projectile including a
bearing surface that engages said interior surface and obturates
said launching aperture of said barrel so as to facilitate a
pressure increase within said launching device prior to launch of
said projectile.
17. The launching system of claim 16 wherein said interior surface
of said barrel contacts and etches said projectile bearing surface
as said projectile passes through said barrel so as to facilitate
spin stabilization of said projectile during launch.
18. The launching system of claim 17 wherein said projectile
includes a body having an open ended bore, said bore including an
interior bore surface threaded with a helical structure that
converts an axially linear force on said body into rotational
movement of said body.
19. The launching system of claim 17 wherein said projectile
includes a body having an open ended bore, said bore including an
interior bore surface having a groove formed circumferentially
there around.
20. The launching system of claim 16 wherein said projectile
includes a ballistic coefficient in a range of 0.02 to 0.1 and an
in flight velocity of at least 4100 feet per second.
Description
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 14/939,194, filed on Nov. 12, 2015, in the
name of Randy S. Teig and Adam H. Teig, and entitled MECHANICALLY
ADAPTABLE PROJECTILE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Projectiles, such as bullets and missiles, may be fired from
a variety of delivery devices such as handguns, rifles, rocket
launchers, and the like. Each projectile will have penetration,
fracturing and other characteristics particular to that type and
make of projectile. An end user may purchase a projectile based on
the penetration, fracturing and other characteristics of the
projectiles available for sale. However, the end user is not able
to customize projectiles to achieve particular characteristics as
may be desired. There is a need, therefore, for a projectile that
may be mechanically adapted by an end user so as to achieve desired
penetration, fracturing or other characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The Mechanically Adaptable Projectile of the present
invention can be propelled from a cartridge, shell, or vessel by
various means, to include but not limited to, explosion, air,
spring, magnetic energy, vacuum, or gravity for the purpose of
using the projectile for impacting objects in applications similar
to, but not limited to, hunting, law enforcement use of force and
tactics, target practice, self defense, firearms training and
recreational shooting. The projectile will generally be created in
the form and shape of a bullet, missile, or ballistic projectile of
many different dimensions to be used in firearms and launching
devices of a variety of styles to include, but not limited to,
rifled and smooth bore firearms, rail guns, tubes, and devices used
for launching or firing projectiles. Using a series of Core
Projectile Modules the manufacturer can customize the projectiles
by adding or omitting Interchangeable Components that will alter
the size, mass, shape, internal ballistics, external ballistics,
and mechanical characteristics of the projectile. In another
embodiment, the projectile may be manufactured entirely of a
non-metallic, polymer material that provides for enhanced
environmental properties, and also allows for launching the
projectile using less robust launching devices which may be damaged
by the use of metallic projectiles.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0004] FIG. 1 shows an exterior schematic view of a Prior Art
projectile.
[0005] FIG. 2 shows an exploded cross section of an embodiment of a
mechanically adaptable projectile.
[0006] FIG. 3 shows a cross section of an embodiment of a
mechanically adaptable projectile.
[0007] FIG. 4 shows an exploded cross section of an embodiment of a
mechanically adaptable projectile.
[0008] FIG. 5 shows an exploded cross section of an embodiment of a
mechanically adaptable projectile.
[0009] FIG. 6 shows an exploded cross section of an embodiment of a
mechanically adaptable projectile.
[0010] FIG. 7 shows a cross section of an embodiment of a
mechanically adaptable projectile.
[0011] FIG. 8 shows a cross section of an embodiment of a
mechanically adaptable projectile.
[0012] FIG. 9 shows a cross section of an embodiment of a
mechanically adaptable projectile.
[0013] FIG. 10 shows a cross section of an embodiment of a
mechanically adaptable projectile.
[0014] FIG. 11 shows a side view of one example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0015] FIG. 12 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
of FIG. 11.
[0016] FIG. 13 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0017] FIG. 14 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
of FIG. 13.
[0018] FIG. 15 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0019] FIG. 16 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
of FIG. 15
[0020] FIG. 17 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0021] FIG. 18 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
of FIG. 17.
[0022] FIG. 19 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0023] FIG. 20 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
of FIG. 19.
[0024] FIG. 21 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0025] FIG. 22 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
of FIG. 21.
[0026] FIG. 23 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0027] FIG. 24 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0028] FIG. 25 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0029] FIG. 26 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0030] FIG. 27 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
of FIG. 26.
[0031] FIG. 28 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0032] FIG. 29 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
of FIG. 28.
[0033] FIG. 30 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile.
[0034] FIG. 31 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
of FIG. 30.
[0035] FIG. 32 shows a schematic side view of one embodiment of a
launching device for a non-metallic projectile.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0036] Definition as used in this description include: Mechanics
(Mechanically, Mechanical)--deals with the action of forces on the
bodies and with motion, comprised of kinetics, statics, and
dynamics; Reactive Qualities--How the projectile reacts when
striking a target medium; Mechanical Characteristics--The
relationship of the reactive qualities and mechanics; and,
Mechanical Design--Visible characteristics of the component.
[0037] The present invention is novel in the ammunition and gun
related industry by introducing manufacturer and end user
adaptability and customization to a range of projectiles that may
be used in modern rifles, pistols, guns and other projectile
launching devices.
[0038] A first embodiment includes a Core Projectile Module of
varied mechanical designs and calibers that utilizes materials with
a specific gravity no less than that of water and no more than 270
percent greater than that of water; tensile strength properties no
less than 10,000 pounds per square inch; compressive strength
properties no less than 10,000 pounds per square inch; and a
coefficient of friction of no more than 0.3. The Core Projectile
Component is capable of being fitted with Interchangeable
Components (See FIGS. 1-10, as will be discussed in detail below),
or of being used as a projectile in many of its basic unaltered
forms. The design of the Core Projectile Module may include varying
mechanical designs to facilitate a range of mechanically adaptable
options depending on the intended use of the projectile. In one
embodiment, The Interchangeable Component may be added or omitted
to alter the rate of fracturing. The Core Projectile Module has its
own mechanical qualities that may be altered by the Interchangeable
Component. Altering the rate of fracture will predictably alter the
depth of penetration and propagation of pressure waves upon impact
with a given medium, therein maximizing the intensity of ballistic
pressure waves relative to a specified animal target; causing
remote cerebral effects as well as remote effects on the spine and
internal organs of an animal. This phenomenon is commonly referred
to as "hydrostatic shock." The present invention is specifically
designed to embody chosen qualities and characteristics to
efficiently deliver a hydraulic reaction and explosive effects on
tissue and organs. The Interchangeable Components enable the
manufacturer or the end user to customize the round to perform
differently according to varying distances, varying weights and
varying hide thickness of different animals.
[0039] A second embodiment includes a Core Projectile Module of
varied mechanical designs and calibers that utilizes materials with
a specific gravity no less than that of water and no more than 270
percent greater than that of water, tensile strength properties no
less than 10,000 pounds per square inch, compressive strength
properties no less than 10,000 pounds per square inch, and a
coefficient of friction of no more than 0.3. The Core Projectile
Module is capable of being fitted with Interchangeable Components
(See FIGS. 1-10), or of being used as a projectile in many of its
basic unaltered forms. The design of the Core Projectile Module may
include varying mechanical designs to facilitate a range of
mechanically adaptable options depending on the intended use of the
projectile. The Core Projectile Module is specifically designed to
embody chosen qualities and characteristics to propagate energy
efficiently enough to induce ballistic shock waves through the
target medium, causing the target medium to react violently to the
ballistic pressure waves with or without the use of the
Interchangeable Components. The unique utilization of the described
materials, varied manufacturing and assembly methods, varied
velocities, varied sizes, and varied designs of Interchangeable
Components enables the creation of a wide variety of projectile
design combinations. This novel feature will allow the manufacturer
or end user to create a projectile that efficiently and predictably
penetrates and propagates energy into specified target mediums. The
manufacturer can alter a Core Projectile Module by adding or
omitting Interchangeable Components (see FIGS. 1-10) to achieve
desired penetration and reactions between the projectile and the
intended non-animal target. Among other desirable outcomes, the
manufacturer can create a projectile that prevents over penetration
of the projectile through an intended target whether animal,
vegetable or other materials, thus preventing it from striking
unintended animals or things that may be behind the intended
target. The qualities of the Core Projectile Module and
Interchangeable Components, in their array of configurations,
enable the manufacturer or end user to create a projectile that
will efficiently fracture when striking a known material, which
fracturing causes rapid propagation of pressure waves into the
target, causing the materials to react violently to the pressure
wave. The projectile pulverizes building materials commonly used in
constructing walls in buildings. This may cause significant damage
and flying debris within the room beyond the wall. This is a
desirable condition in instances of covering fire and suppression
fire used by law enforcement and military. It is also desirable
that the projectiles used in covering fire be of the type that
reduces the incidents of over penetration. Current projectiles used
in conventional firearms, in this kind of situation, present a
significant risk of over penetrating and striking a subject or
object beyond the wall structure.
[0040] A third embodiment includes a Core Projectile Module of
varied mechanical designs and calibers that utilizes materials with
a specific gravity no less than that of water and no more than 270
percent greater than that of water, tensile strength properties no
less than 10,000 pounds per square inch, compressive strength
properties no less than 10,000 pounds per square inch, and a
coefficient of friction no more than 0.3. A Core Projectile
Component manufactured from the specified materials will have a
bearing surface with a low friction coefficient enabling it to pass
down the barrel of a rifle or gun more easily, which lowers heat
and pressure within the barrel, enabling higher muzzle velocities
and faster external ballistic speed passing through the air, while
simultaneously reducing recoil relative to the caliber and mass of
the projectile and the powder charge. These material
characteristics enable the projectile to achieve higher flight
speeds than previous art made from materials with a higher friction
coefficient and an equal ballistic coefficient.
[0041] A fourth embodiment includes an Interchangeable Component
(See FIGS. 1-10) which may be made from numerous materials
including but not limited to copper, brass, aluminum, ceramics and
polymers. Interchangeable Components may be designed to interchange
with a varying range of calibers and designs of Core Projectile
Module of previously discussed embodiments. The Interchangeable
Component may allow the manufacturer or the end user to alter the
size, mass, shape, and style of the projectile for the purpose of
customizing the internal and external ballistics of the
Mechanically Adaptable Projectile according to the materials or
specified medium the projectile will be striking. The
Interchangeable Component may be added or omitted to facilitate a
predictable rate of fracturing, penetration and propagation of
pressure waves upon impact with a specified medium, therein
maximizing the intensity of ballistic pressure waves. The optional
Interchangeable Component may alter the mechanical characteristics
of a projectile. Altering the rate of fracture may change the
propagation of ballistic pressure waves and depth of penetration of
the projectile into a specified medium. The ability to alter the
reactive characteristics of the projectile may enable the user to
customize the rounds for a desired effect on a specified target
medium.
[0042] In a fifth embodiment, the mechanical characteristics of the
projectile are affected by the techniques used in manufacturing,
such as utilizing specified materials, pressures and heat to enable
different manufacturing techniques. Each unique manufacturing
method will be used to predictably alter the mechanical
characteristics of the various components comprising a Mechanically
Adaptable Projectile, thereby altering the characteristics of the
pressure wave that is introduced into the specified target upon
impact of the projectile. The methods include, but are not limited
to, injection molding, blow molding, rotational molding, extrusion
molding, lathe/mill machining, and stamping. The chosen method of
manufacturing alters the performance of the projectile in a
predictable and marketable manner. This enables a manufacturer to
use the same material and change the marketable characteristics of
the end product by altering the method of manufacturing and not
changing the physical design or type of material. For example, a
projectile of identical style, shape and size can have two distinct
mechanically functional qualities if one is made through a machine
lathe process and another is made by an injection molding process.
This manufacturer design flexibility allows adjustment of the
number of mechanical characteristics for a projectile of identical
size, style and shape.
[0043] A sixth embodiment a Core Projectile Module includes varied
mechanical designs and calibers that utilizes materials with a
specific gravity no less than water and no more than 270 percent
greater than that of water, tensile strength properties no less
than 10,000 pounds per square inch, compressive strength properties
no less than 10,000 pounds per square inch, and a coefficient of
friction of no more than 0.3. The unique utilization of the
specified range and combination of materials, varied velocities,
varied sizes, varied mass and varied mechanical designs of a Core
Projectile Module enables the manufacturer to create a projectile
that efficiently and predictably propagates ballistic pressure
waves into specified targets. The rapid fracturing causes the
energy from the projectile to rapidly propagate into the animal
being impacted by the projectile. This reduces the depth of wound
channels. There is a direct connection to the depth of the wound
channel and the amount of traumatic vascular tearing. In other
words, the present invention allows the end user to choose
components of a projectile so as to provide a desired depth of
projectile channel upon impact. Previous art relies on vascular
injuries and blood loss to increase their incapacitative
capabilities. More vascular tearing requires more significant
medical intervention to prevent blood loss. This present invention
allows the manufacturer to create a projectile that relies on
ballistic pressure waves and remote cerebral effects from ballistic
pressure waves that shock the system into incapacitation, rather
than vascular injuries and blood loss. By design this projectile
will penetrate less and therefore create less vascular tearing
associated with a wound channel, thus decreasing the surgical
complexity of repairing vascular injuries related to a wound
channel. This present invention, therefore, departs from the prior
art by changing the mechanism of incapacitation from vascular
tearing and trauma, which causes massive bleeding, to relying
primarily on ballistic shock waves that cause remote cerebral
effects as well as remote effects on the spine and internal organs
of an animal. This phenomenon is commonly known as "hydrostatic
shock." Each of the mechanisms of incapacitation has their lethal
concerns, but incapacitation by hydrostatic shock may provide more
immediate incapacitation while allowing for more minutes for
medical intervention, thereby increasing combat effectiveness while
pushing back the margin of lethality.
[0044] In a seventh embodiment, the Interchangeable Component (see
FIGS. 1-10) can be fitted inside of the Core Projectile Module, or
on the outside of the Core Projectile Module. This enables the
Mechanically Adaptable Projectile to be customized to withstand
extreme barrel pressures, rifling friction, and extreme velocities
as well as preloading stress on the Core Projectile Module. The
projectile may also be customized by altering the internal
structures to change the rate of fracturing upon impact.
[0045] In an eighth embodiment, the interchangeable Component can
be added or omitted to the core projectile component to reduce the
friction coefficient and mass. This will enable the manufacturing
of low recoil cartridges and safe rounds for indoor ranges and
other target applications. It will also optimize the projectile's
ability to fly through the air for longer distance shooting (see
FIGS. 1-10). The ability to alter the external and internal
ballistics of the Core Projectile Module enables the manufacturer
or the end user to customize the projectile to accommodate
different shooters or different launching mechanisms requiring
similar calibers but utilizing varied pressures.
[0046] In a ninth embodiment, the Interchangeable Component can be
added to the Core Projectile Module to change the length, shape,
mass, ballistic characteristics, rifling twist requirements and
specific density of the projectile.
[0047] In a tenth embodiment, the Interchangeable Component can be
added to the Core Projectile Module to optimize the projectile to
match the barrel twist of a firearm.
[0048] In an eleventh embodiment the adaptable qualities of a given
Mechanically Adaptable Projectile can be changed after the
cartridge is fully completed without removing the projectile from
the casing.
[0049] The Core Projectile Module will now be described. Prior art
projectiles may include a clad projectile which may have an
exterior shape similar to the inventive projectile 10 (FIG. 1). One
may note that the inventive projectile may include many
similarities in outward appearance to a prior art projectile.
Referring to FIG. 2, in the embodiment shown, projectile 10
includes a tip 12, bearing surface 14, head or ogive 16, meplat 34,
heel 20, base 22, boat or tail 24, cannelure 26 and shoulder 28.
This example is one of many amongst the many mechanical designs of
projectile or missles 10 which may be manufactured. Even though the
external shape of the inventive projectile may look similar to the
shape of the prior art projectile, in the Mechanically Adaptable
Projectile components can be adapted by the manufacturer or the end
user to facilitate the adaptation of the internal and external
ballistics of the projectile. In particular, the end user may opt
not to alter the Core Projectile Module as manufactured if it
already meets the requirements of the end user or the manufacturer.
However, the end user or manufacturer may insert an Interchangeable
Component into the tip (hollow point) to alter the depth, mass,
shape of Core Projectile Module, or apply an Interchangeable
Component to the exterior to alter the size(caliber), friction
coefficient of the bearing surface, the length or shape of the
projectile. These abilities also enable the end user to adapt the
projectile to the optimal rifling twist and other stabilization
features relative to the distance it will need to travel and the
medium it will be striking. This enables the projectile's
mechanical qualities to be adapted to the needs or intent of the
manufacturer or user, whether the projectile is being used by
military or law enforcement to provide covering fire, breaching a
door, shooting an animal, target shooting (indoor or outdoor), or
by others who may be teaching a new shooter by using reduced recoil
rounds in a specific gun until the new shooter learns how the gun
functions, or other non military or law enforcement
applications.
[0050] Prior art projectiles may include toxic materials as its
base component, whereas the new Mechanically Adaptable Projectile
utilizes a non toxic polymer that reduces complications of soil
contamination and risk to pregnant shooters. The low friction
coefficient of the Core Projectile Module (FIG. 2) will reduce
barrel wear and enables higher velocities compared to old art with
a similar ballistic coefficient. The Core Projectile Module example
shown in FIG. 2 is one of many potential mechanical designs. This
example was lathe turned, but may be manufactured by other means to
include, but not limited to, injection molding, blow molding,
rotational molding, extrusion molding, hydro forming, and stamping.
The method of manufacturing depends on the mechanical
characteristics desired.
[0051] A Core Projectile Module Impact analysis will now be
described. When the Core Projectile Module strikes a medium with
lower specific gravity than water, the depth of penetration is
deeper than in mediums with a specific gravity of water or greater.
This is a predictable quality due to the specifications of the
material, manner it is manufactured, combination of mechanical
qualities and internal and external ballistics. The adaptability of
the inventive projectile enables the changing or adding of
Interchangeable Components to the Core Projectile Module by the end
user or manufacturer for the purpose of adapting the mechanical
qualities, thus altering the propagation of ballistic pressure
waves, such as by altering the Core Projectile Module by adding
Interchangeable Components with varying specific gravities,
friction coefficients and shapes.
[0052] For example, when viewing a hole in a material, such as a
piece of wood, through which a projectile has traveled, the shape
of the hole may indicate that there is a slight projectile
instability with the rifle used. The inventive projectile could be
used with such a rifle and fitted with an Interchangeable Component
that alters the overall specific gravity of the projectile thereby
causing stabilized rotation of the projectile fired from that
particular rifle. In this manner, the user of the particular rifle
could adapt the projectiles fired from his rifle to provide a more
stable projectile travel path from the rifle.
[0053] In another example of use, a material, such as a piece of
wood, may show splitting on the backside of the board around the
projectile path of the inventive projectile. The board may be split
in a conical pattern outward from the centerline of the projectile
path. At the center of the pressure pattern there may be more
crushing of the wood material as the pressure wave propagates
through the wood. The depth of the damage along the centerline of
the projectile's path may be deeper and grows shallower as the
pressure wave propagates outward from the centerline. This
demonstrates how the building material violently reacted to the
ballistic pressure wave which results in crushing and fragmenting
of the material from the inventive projectile. A typical projectile
path of the inventive projectile through a medium will show a
widening damage path as the ballistic pressure wave propagates
through the wood.
[0054] The Specific Gravity, Projectile Fracturing, and Ballistic
Pressure Wave Propagation properties will now be described.
[0055] When a ballistic pressure wave impacts an object with a
specific gravity nearly equal to that of water, the crushed
particles from the medium will ride on the pressure wave as it
blows back toward the direction from which the projectile
originated. In one test conducted on the inventive projectile, the
remaining particles from a Core Projectile Component that was fired
into a wood medium were examined. The original Core Projectile
Component weighed 151 grains (0.345 ounces). The recovered
fragments from the Core Projectile Component weighed 11 grains
(0.025 ounces). Such an efficient fracturing and crushing of the
Core Projectile Component enables efficient propagation of
ballistic pressure waves through the medium.
[0056] In one embodiment including a Core Projectile Module with
the addition of an Interchangeable Component, the Interchangeable
Component is designed to delay the fragmentation of the Core
Projectile Module, allowing the projectile to enter the medium more
deeply before fragmenting and propagating the ballistic pressure
wave into the medium. The Interchangeable Component is altering the
mass, tip, meplat, ogive, ballistic coefficient and overall length
of the projectile. All of these changes combine to alter the
mechanical characteristics, external ballistics and internal
ballistics of the projectile when it impacts varying mediums. The
end user or the manufacture is able to adapt the projectile to
optimize specific qualities depending on the use of the
projectile.
[0057] Additionally, in this particular embodiment, the components
in this particular projectile are lathe turned from Delrin.RTM.
150E and 6061 T6 aluminum. This provides for known ductility of the
material components, thereby creating a predictable, marketable
quality. Annealing one or both of the components will alter the
ductility of the components. This can be done before assembling or
as an assembled projectile. Changing the ductility of one or both
of the components provides a change in fracturing characteristics,
which in turn provides a predictable performance change in the
Mechanically Adaptable Projectile. Also, the predictable
performance of this exact configuration can be altered by changing
the method of manufacture, thereby increasing the applications of a
single mechanical design by the number of alternate manufacturing
methods.
[0058] FIG. 2 shows that insertion of an Interchangeable Component
30 into the Core Projectile Component 32 reduces the size of the
hollow point 34 and, depending on material changes mass and
depending on fit tolerance, can be used to preload stress on the
projectile 10 to alter reactive qualities upon impact. It will also
increase the size of the meplat 18 without altering the length of
the projectile. Inserting an interchangeable component 30 into the
tip of the Core Projectile Component 32 changes the tip 12, ogive
16 and meplat 18.
[0059] FIG. 3 shows a core projectile component 32 having an
interior cavity 36 for receiving an interchangeable component 30
(FIG. 2), such as a hollow point 34 (FIG. 2), whereas cavity 36 has
a smaller diameter 40 than a cavity 36 of component 32 of FIG.
2.
[0060] FIG. 4 shows insertion of an Interchangeable Component 30
into the base 22 of the Core Projectile Component 32. Changing the
base 22, shoulder 28, length 42 (FIG. 3) and mass of projectile
10.
[0061] FIG. 5 shows insertion of an Interchangeable Component 30 to
alter the tip 12 so that it is pointed, thereby altering the size
of the meplat 18 and the ogive 16 of projectile 10. This
Interchangeable Component 30 can be made of a material that alters
the mass of the projectile.
[0062] FIG. 6 shows that insertion of an Interchangeable Component
30 into the Core Projectile Component 32 reduces the size of the
hollow point 36 and increases the size of the meplat 18 without
altering the length of the projectile.
[0063] FIG. 7 shows that insertion of an Interchangeable Component
30 into the Core Projectile Component 32 may decrease the size of
the hollow point 34 and increases the size of the meplat 18 while
also may increase the overall length of the projectile 10.
[0064] FIG. 8 shows that insertion of an Interchangeable Component
30 into the Core Projectile Component 32 may increase the size of
the tip 12 while reducing or eliminating the hollow point and,
increases the size of the meplat 18 while also may increase the
length of the projectile.
[0065] FIG. 9 shows an Interchangeable Component 30 being fitted to
the outside of the Core Projectile Component 32. The
Interchangeable Component 30 may be sized to have an external
diameter 44 greater than, equal to, or less than the external
diameter 46 of the Core Projectile Component 32.
[0066] FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of an Interchangeable
Component 30 being fitted to the outside of the Core Projectile
Component 32. The Interchangeable Component 30 may be fitted to the
Core Projectile Component 32 by any means, such as press fit,
adhesive, or welding, for example. Use of the component may allow
changing: the length of the projectile; the diameter of the
projectile; and the material that interacts with the launcher.
[0067] In another example embodiment, the invention may include a
projectile made completely from a polymer with no metallic
cladding, jacket or core. The inventive non-metallic projectile
made entirely from polymer material provides many benefits. First,
the specified polymer may be obtained in multiple colors such as
red, yellow, green, blue and white, for example. Manufacturing the
projectiles in such a variety of colors allows for branding, color
coding, and purpose-built ammunition. Second, the polymer may be
purchased as a food grade material which does not include dangerous
toxins, such as the toxins found in metallic ammunition. Use of a
food grade polymer material provides an added benefit for those who
use the projectiles for hunting or varmint control on agricultural
facilities because projectiles will not contaminate the ground on
which they fall, will not contaminate an animal that eats a
projectile off the ground, and will not contaminate the meat of an
animal that is hunted with the projectile. Third, the specified
polymer projectile enables efficient energy propagation when
impacting mediums with a specific gravity of 1.0. All of these
advantages are provided by the inventive polymer projectile and not
by prior art metallic projectiles.
[0068] The inventive polymer projectiles may be manufactured with a
blind bore at the forward end or at the rearward end of the
projectile. The projectile may also be made with a through and
through bore. Projectiles having a bore may also be threaded or
manufactured having a hollow base with a diameter less than that of
the bearing surface which is made to match the diameter of a
launching device such as a firearm. The internal diameter of bored
projectiles may have one or more grooves included therein that may
enable hydraulic pressure to fracture the projectile depending on
where the groove is located and the dimension of the groove. The
groove may also enable snap fitting a component into the bore. In
one embodiment the groove may be circumferentially formed into the
inner wall of the bore. A more economical method would be to use a
helical thread on the inner surface of the bore during the
machining process. Such features serve to alter the mechanical
characteristics of the projectile upon impact. These interior
structures, low sectional density and specific gravity combine to
provide a low ballistic coefficient which is desirable in our
projectile applications and is usually undesirable in technology
using metal materials.
[0069] The low dynamic coefficient of friction and low sectional
density make the polymer projectiles suitable for use in remote,
unmanned, weapon platforms for law enforcement and military
missions. The low sectional density also enables launching of the
inventive projectile with use of compressed air or a vacuum. The
polymer projectiles enable the use of carbon fiber barrels for
launching whereas metallic projectiles, due to their high sectional
density and comparatively high dynamic friction coefficient, will
destroy a carbon fiber barrel during launch. The load of a polymer
projectile also reduces ammunition weight so substantially,
compared to metallic projectiles, so that platforms used to launch
polymer projectiles may allow for the carrying of double the
firepower compared to metallic projectiles. Preferred embodiments
of polymer projectiles will now be described.
[0070] FIG. 11 shows a side view of one example embodiment of a
non-metallic one-piece polymer projectile 50 having a base 52, a
bearing surface 54, and a forward end 56 forming a tapered nose 58
shape and a meplate 60. An unsealed blind bore 62 extends along an
axis 64 from the forward end 56 of the projectile 50.
[0071] FIG. 12 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
50 of FIG. 11.
[0072] FIG. 13 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic polymer projectile 50. One-piece projectile 50 has a
base 52, a bearing surface 54, and a forward end 56 forming a
tapered nose 58 shape and a meplate 60. An unsealed blind bore 62
extends along an axis 64 from the forward end 56 of the projectile
50. Blind bore 62 includes an interior diameter 66 threaded with a
helical structure 68 used to convert between rotational and linear
movement or force of a component attached within the blind
bore.
[0073] FIG. 14 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
50 of FIG. 13.
[0074] FIG. 15 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile 50 manufactured entirely of polymer.
One-piece projectile 50 has a base 52, a bearing surface 54, and a
forward end 56 forming a tapered nose 58 shape and a meplate 60. An
unsealed blind bore 62 extends along an axis 64 from the forward
end 56 of the projectile 50. The projectile body 50 includes an
interior diameter 66 having a groove 70 formed circumferentially on
the inner diameter 66 of the bore 62.
[0075] FIG. 16 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
50 of FIG. 15.
[0076] FIG. 17 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile 50. One-piece projectile 50 has a rearward
end 72, a forward end 56, and a bearing surface 54. The forward end
56 forms a tapered nose 58 and a meplate 60. The rearward end 72
includes an unsealed blind bore 62 extending along an axis 64 from
the rearward end 72 toward the forward end 56.
[0077] FIG. 18 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
50 of FIG. 17.
[0078] FIG. 19 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile 50. One-piece projectile 50 has a base 52,
a bearing surface 54, and a forward end 56 forming a tapered nose
58 shape and a meplate 60. An unsealed blind bore 62 extends along
an axis 64 from the rearward end 72 of the projectile 50. The bore
62 includes an interior diameter 66 threaded with a helical
structure 68 that is used to convert between rotational and linear
movement or force of a component attached within the blind
bore.
[0079] The helical structure has three purposes: to enable an
insert to be threadibly attached such that rotating an insert will
move the insert forward and aft within the bore of the projectile;
to enhance hydraulic pressure inside the blind bore thereby
facilitating fracturing when there is not a component threaded
therein; and to change the way the core projectile module fractures
and releases energy into a target. Also, when utilizing the
projectiles with a through and through bore and a helical structure
the helical structure will facilitate rotation of the projectile
when fired utilizing a rail gun structure where the projectile
slides on the external diameter of a launcher and where the
external diameter of the launcher presses against the inner
diameter of the projectile instead of the outer surface of the
projectile pressing against the inner wall of the bore. In this
application the helical structure will convert the linear force of
the projectile into rotational movement similar that of rifling in
a barrel.
[0080] FIG. 20 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
50 of FIG. 19.
[0081] FIG. 21 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile 50. One-piece projectile 50 has a base 52,
a bearing surface 54, and a forward end 56 forming a tapered nose
58 shape and a meplate 60. An unsealed blind bore 62 extends along
an axis 64 from the rearward end 72 of the projectile 50. The
projectile body 50 includes an interior diameter 66 having a groove
70 formed circumferentially on the inner diameter wall 66 of the
bore 62.
[0082] FIG. 22 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
50 of FIG. 21.
[0083] FIG. 23 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile 50. One-piece projectile 50 has a rearward
end 72, a bearing surface 54, and a forward end 56. The forward end
56 and rearward end 72 have the same short truncated cone shape,
wherein both ends are absent a blind bore. In other words,
projectile 50 of FIG. 23 is solid throughout its body and does not
include a core of a different material. Additionally, projectile 50
does not include cladding on the projectile or crimping of
projectile body 50.
[0084] FIG. 24 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile 50. One-piece projectile 50 has a rearward
end 72, a bearing surface 54, and a forward end 56. The forward end
56 and rearward end 72 have the same pointed cone shape, wherein
both ends are absent a blind bore. In other words, projectile 50 of
FIG. 24 is solid throughout its body.
[0085] FIG. 25 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile 50. One-piece projectile 50 has a rearward
end 72, a bearing surface 54, and a forward end 56. The forward end
56 and rearward end 72 have the same tall truncated cone shape,
wherein both ends are absent a blind bore. In other words,
projectile 50 of FIG. 25 is solid throughout its body.
[0086] FIG. 26 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile 50. One-piece projectile 50 has a base 52,
a bearing surface 54, and a forward end 56. An unsealed bore 62
extends along an axis 64 from the forward end 56 through the
rearward end 72 of the projectile body 50. In this embodiment, bore
62 includes no threads or groove.
[0087] FIG. 27 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
50 of FIG. 26.
[0088] FIG. 28 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile 50. One-piece projectile 50 has a base 52,
a bearing surface 54, and a forward end 56. An unsealed bore 62
extends along an axis 64 from the forward end 56 through the
rearward end 72 of the projectile body 50. Bore 62 includes an
interior diameter 66 threaded with a helical structure 68 used to
convert between rotational and linear movement or force.
[0089] FIG. 29 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
50 of FIG. 28.
[0090] FIG. 30 shows a side view of another example embodiment of a
non-metallic projectile 50. One-piece projectile 50 has a base 52,
a bearing surface 54, and a forward end 56. An unsealed bore 62
extends along an axis 64 from the forward end 56 through the
rearward end 72 of the projectile body 50. The projectile body 50
includes an interior diameter 66 having a groove 70 formed
circumferentially on the inner diameter wall 66 of the bore 62. The
use of grooves 70 and/or helical structure 68 on projectile 50 is
utilized to alter the mechanical characteristics of the
projectile.
[0091] FIG. 31 shows a side cross sectional view of the projectile
50 of FIG. 30.
[0092] FIG. 32 shows a polymer projectile 50 being launched along
an axis 76 from a launching device 78, such as a carbon fiber
barrel 80 attached to a compressed air or a vacuum device 82. The
non-metallic projectile 50 produces less heat then prior art
metallic projectiles and, therefore, may be launched using a carbon
fiber barrel 80 or other types of non-metallic barrels. Moreover,
compressed air may be used to launch projectile 50 without the use
of gun powder, primer, and the like. For these reasons, the
non-metallic projectile, which may be manufactured as one single
unit of non-metallic material, i.e., manufactured from a single
piece of plastic, generally will not be susceptible to damage by
moisture.
[0093] The present inventive polymer projectile 50 has many
advantages over and differences from the prior art. In particular,
polymer projectile 50 does not include an insert. Instead,
projectile 50 is manufactured as a single, integral piece.
Projectile 50 does not require gun power, primer or a casing to be
functional, as is required by prior art projectiles. In contrast
projectile 50 may be launched using a vacuum cannon. The low
sectional density of projectile 50 may enable many launching
systems that can be adapted to unmanned remote controlled launching
platforms. In contrast, the sectional density of prior art
projectiles would make the use of a vacuum cannon improbable.
[0094] Projectile 50 does not deliver a payload. Additionally,
projectile 50 may include a bore that extends entirely through the
projectile 50, from front end 56 and through rearward end 72 of the
projectile. In contrast, prior art projectiles may include a
hermetically sealed ampule (insert) to prevent moisture
infiltration. Moisture infiltration in the present invention is not
a concern because the projectile 50 is manufactured of polymer
which does not oxidize or otherwise corrode. Additionally,
projectile 50 does not utilize gun powder or primer for launching
and so the infiltration of water would not degrade its launching
ability.
[0095] Projectile 50 is a one-piece, projectile manufactured
completely of a single man-made material, such as a polymer, that
provides material specifications outside the material
specifications of metallic projectiles. In particular, in one
example embodiment projectile 50 may be manufactured of Quadrant
EPP Acetron.RTM. POM-H Homopolymer Acetal. The Acetron.RTM. may
have a specific gravity of 1.41 g/cc, a water absorption of 0.20%,
a tensile strength of 75.8 MPa, and a dynamic coefficient of
friction of 0.25. Such properties result in a projectile 50 that
may be launched by less powerful launching devices than prior art
metallic projectiles, and may reach in-flight velocities that are
much higher than the in-flight velocities of metallic projectiles,
such that the inventive non-metallic projectile of the present
invention may reach in-flight velocities in excess of 4100 Feet Per
Second, as was recorded in one example embodiment of a projectile
using 12 gauge projectiles with a broad impact surface. Such
in-flight speeds are unheard of for metallic projectiles.
[0096] In another embodiment projectile 50 may be manufactured of
Global EPP POM C Acetal Copolymer.RTM.. The Global Acetal
Copolymer.RTM. may have a specific gravity of 1.41 g/cc, a water
absorption of 0.20%, a tensile strength of 70.0 MPa, and a dynamic
coefficient of friction of 0.25. Such properties result in a
projectile 50 that may be launched by less powerful launching
devices than prior art metallic projectiles, and may reach
in-flight velocities that much higher than the in-flight velocities
of metallic projectiles, such as in-flight velocities of in excess
of 4100 Feet Per Second using 12 gauge projectiles with a broad
impact surface. Such in-flight speeds are unheard of for metallic
projectiles.
[0097] In another embodiment projectile 50 may be manufactured of
Torlon.RTM. 7130 Polyamide-imide (PAI), 30% Caron Fiber. The Torlon
Copolymer.RTM. may have a specific gravity of 1.48 g/cc, a water
absorption of 0.26%, and a tensile strength of 221 MPa. Such
properties result in a projectile 50 that may be launched by less
powerful launching devices than prior art metallic projectiles, and
may reach in-flight velocities that much higher than the in-flight
velocities of metallic projectiles, such as in-flight velocities of
in excess of 4100 Feet Per Second using 12 gauge projectiles with a
broad impact surface. Such in-flight speeds are unheard of for
metallic projectiles.
[0098] Non-metallic polymer projectile 50 utilizes materials with a
specific gravity no less than that of water and no more than 270
percent greater than that of water; tensile strength properties no
less than 10,000 pounds per square inch; compressive strength
properties no less than 10,000 pounds per square inch; and a
coefficient of friction of no more than 0.3. These properties
result in a projectile 50 that can be launched with a launching
device 78 that utilizes a force of 12000 PSI or less, yet the
projectile 50 may reach in-flight speeds of in excess of 4100 Feet
Per Second using 12 gauge projectiles with a broad, or slightly
flat face format, and may travel distances of 100 yards or
more.
[0099] In a preferred embodiment projectile 50 is a one-piece,
finless projectile, entirely constructed of polymer weighing more
than 7 grains, and having a bearing surface, a rearward end, and a
forward end. The polymer may have a specific gravity equal to or
greater than 1 and equal to or less than 2.16, and a tensile
strength specification of 6000 pounds per square inch or greater, a
compressive strength specification of 6000 pounds per square inch
or greater, and a dynamic coefficient of friction against a steel
surface of 0.5 or less. The projectile may have a ballistic
coefficient in the range of 0.02 to 0.1 that facilitates rapid
energy propagation from the projectile into a target upon
impact.
[0100] The projectile 50 may have a body with an open ended or
unsealed bore extending axially from the forward end of the
projectile body, or axially from the rearward end of the projectile
body. The projectile may also have a body with an open ended or
unsealed bore extending axially from the forward end of the
projectile body including an interior diameter having a groove
formed circumferentially on the inner diameter wall of the bore.
The projectile may have a body with an open ended or unsealed bore
extending axially from the rearward end of the projectile body
including an interior diameter having a groove formed
circumferentially on the inner diameter wall of the bore. The
projectile may have a body with an open ended or unsealed bore
extending axially from the forward end of the projectile body
including an interior diameter threaded with a helical structure
used to convert between rotational and linear movement or force.
The projectile may have a body with an open ended or unsealed bore
extending axially from the rearward end of the projectile body
including an interior diameter threaded with a helical structure
used to convert between rotational and linear movement or force.
The projectile may have a bearing surface to engage and obturate
the inner surface of the barrel of a launching device, such as a
firearm bore, causing pressure to build, thereby facilitating
launch of the projectile. The projectile may have a bearing surface
to engage the inner surface of a launching device, such as a rifled
firearm bore, causing bearing surface etching as the projectile
passes through a rifled bore to facilitate spin stabilization. The
projectile may have an open ended or unsealed bore extending
axially from the forward end of the projectile through the entire
length of the projectile and out the rearward end, including an
interior diameter threaded with a helical structure used to convert
between rotational and linear movement or force. The projectile may
have a body with an open ended or unsealed bore extending axially
from the forward end of the body through the entire length on
through the rearward end of the body, including an interior
diameter having a groove formed circumferentially on the inner
diameter wall of the bore.
[0101] In summary, in one embodiment, the present invention
includes a non-metallic projectile, such as a projectile
manufactured entirely of polymer, that may include an insert
secured to a forward end, an insert secured to a rearward end, an
insert inserted into the projectile, or an embodiment where no
insert is utilized and only the polymer projectile itself is
launched. Because the projectile is manufactured entirely of
non-metallic material it exhibits unexpected and advantageous
properties, such as in-flight speeds of over 4100 feet per second,
the ability to be launched from a non-metallic vacuum cannon, the
ability to be manufactured as a single, integral piece; launching
ability without the use of gun power, primer or a casing; and the
ability of the projectile to be launched using launching systems
that can be adapted to unmanned remote controlled launching
platforms. Additionally, the use of a non-metallic polymer
projectile allows for non-toxic materials to be used and color
coding of the projectile. These and other advantages are provided
by the non-metallic projectile of the present invention.
[0102] In the above description numerous details have been set
forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the
present invention. It will be obvious, however, to one skilled in
the art that the present invention may be practiced using other
equivalent designs.
* * * * *