U.S. patent application number 16/411901 was filed with the patent office on 2020-11-19 for flexible manifold for reciprocating pump.
The applicant listed for this patent is Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.. Invention is credited to Joseph A. BEISEL, Dick C. HEADRICK, Justin Lee HURST.
Application Number | 20200362851 16/411901 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004070058 |
Filed Date | 2020-11-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200362851 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BEISEL; Joseph A. ; et
al. |
November 19, 2020 |
Flexible Manifold for Reciprocating Pump
Abstract
A pump comprising a pump fluid end having a reciprocating
element bore; a reciprocating element having a front end opposite a
fluid intake end and comprising a peripheral wall defining a hollow
cylindrical body; a movable manifold comprising a reciprocating
element end fluidly connected with the fluid intake end of the
reciprocating element, whereby the reciprocating element end of the
movable manifold moves in a same axial direction as the
reciprocating element during reciprocation of the reciprocating
element within the pump fluid end, and a fluid intake end
configured for fluid coupling with a stationary fluid manifold such
that fluid can be introduced into the movable manifold via the
stationary fluid manifold and the fluid intake end of the movable
manifold; and a power end operatively connected to the
reciprocating element and operable to reciprocate the reciprocating
element in the pump fluid end.
Inventors: |
BEISEL; Joseph A.; (Duncan,
OK) ; HURST; Justin Lee; (Healdton, OK) ;
HEADRICK; Dick C.; (Duncan, OK) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. |
Houston |
TX |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004070058 |
Appl. No.: |
16/411901 |
Filed: |
May 14, 2019 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04B 53/10 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F04B 53/10 20060101
F04B053/10 |
Claims
1. A pump comprising: a bore pump fluid end having a reciprocating
element bore; a reciprocating element having a front end opposite a
fluid intake end and comprising a peripheral wall defining a hollow
cylindrical body; a movable manifold comprising a reciprocating
element end and a fluid intake end, wherein the reciprocating
element end of the movable manifold is fluidly connected with the
fluid intake end of the reciprocating element, whereby the
reciprocating element end of the movable manifold moves in a same
axial direction as the reciprocating element during reciprocation
of the reciprocating element in alternating directions along a path
within the reciprocating element bore of the bore pump fluid end,
and wherein the fluid intake end of the movable manifold is
configured for fluid coupling with a stationary fluid manifold such
that fluid can be introduced into the movable manifold via the
stationary fluid manifold and the fluid intake end of the movable
manifold; and a power end operatively connected to the
reciprocating element and operable to reciprocate the reciprocating
element in the reciprocating element bore of the bore pump fluid
end.
2. The pump of claim 1, wherein the pump is a high-pressure pump
configured to operate at a pressure greater than or equal to about
3,000, 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000, or 50,000 psi and/or in a
well servicing operation and environment.
3. The pump of claim 1, wherein the movable manifold comprises a
flexible hose.
4. The pump of claim 3, wherein the flexible hose provides that,
when the fluid intake end thereof is connected with the stationary
manifold, the hose maintains a curvature between the fluid intake
end thereof and the reciprocating element end thereof during the
reciprocation of the reciprocating element.
5. The pump of claim 1, wherein the movable manifold comprises a
plurality of swivel and seal elements, each of the plurality of
swivel and seal elements comprising a hollow rigid element fluidly
connected with a hollow rigid element of at least one other of the
plurality of swivel and seal elements via a swivel and a seal, with
one of the plurality of swivel and seal elements comprising the
reciprocating element end of the movable manifold and another of
the plurality of swivel and seal elements comprising the fluid
intake end of the movable manifold.
6. The pump of claim 5, comprising four swivel and seal elements,
wherein a first of the swivel and seal elements comprises a first
hollow rigid element comprising a first end comprising the
reciprocating element end of the movable manifold and a second end
rotatably connected with a second hollow rigid element of a second
swivel and seal element via a first swivel and a first seal,
wherein the second hollow rigid element of the second swivel and
seal element comprises a first end rotatably connected with the
first hollow rigid element and a second end rotatably connected
with a third hollow rigid element of a third swivel and seal
element via a second swivel and a second seal, wherein the third
hollow rigid element of the third swivel and seal element comprises
a first end rotatably connected with the second swivel and seal
element and a second end rotatably connected with a fourth hollow
rigid element of a fourth swivel and seal element via a third
swivel and a third seal, and wherein the fourth hollow rigid
element of the fourth swivel and seal element comprises a first end
rotatably connected with the third swivel and seal element and a
second end comprising the fluid intake end of the movable
manifold.
7. The pump of claim 1, wherein the movable manifold comprises a
first hollow rigid portion, a second hollow rigid portion, and a
sealing element wherein the first hollow rigid portion comprises
the reciprocating element end of the movable manifold and is
fluidly connected with the second rigid hollow portion via an
elbow, whereby the second hollow rigid portion is substantially
parallel with the reciprocating element bore, and wherein the
sealing element surrounds at least a portion of the second hollow
rigid portion and allows for reciprocation of the second hollow
rigid portion along a path within the sealing element substantially
concurrently with the reciprocation of the reciprocating element in
the reciprocating element bore.
8. The pump of claim 7, wherein the sealing element comprises a
third hollow rigid element, wherein the third hollow rigid element
has an inside diameter greater than an outside diameter of the
second hollow rigid element.
9. The pump of claim 7, wherein the movable manifold comprises a
unitary body including the first hollow rigid portion, the second
hollow rigid portion, and the elbow.
10. The pump of claim 7, wherein the elbow defines a 90 degree
angle between the first hollow rigid portion and the second hollow
rigid portion.
11. The pump of claim 1, wherein the movable manifold comprises a
bellows.
12. The pump of claim 1, wherein the pump comprises a reciprocating
element packing within the bore pump fluid end, wherein the
reciprocating element packing seals a space between a wall of the
reciprocating element bore and an outside of the peripheral wall of
the reciprocating element, providing a high pressure chamber
extending in an axial direction toward the front end of the
reciprocating element from the reciprocating element packing, and
wherein, during operation of the pump, an outside of the peripheral
wall of a portion of the reciprocating element outside the high
pressure chamber does not contact a fluid being pumped by the
pump.
13. The pump of claim 1 further comprising a suction valve assembly
located at least partially within the front end of the
reciprocating element and a discharge valve assembly located at an
end of the reciprocating element bore distal the power end, and
wherein the pump is a multiplex pump comprising a plurality of
reciprocating elements, and a corresponding plurality of
reciprocating element bores, suction valve assemblies, discharge
valve assemblies, and movable manifolds.
14. A method of servicing the bore pump of claim 1, the method
comprising: accessing a reciprocating element packing associated
with the reciprocating element and located within the pump fluid
end, wherein the reciprocating element packing seals a space
between a wall of the reciprocating element bore and an outside of
the peripheral wall of the reciprocating element, providing a high
pressure chamber extending in an axial direction toward the front
end of the reciprocating element from the reciprocating element
packing, and wherein, during operation of the pump, an outside of
the peripheral wall of a portion of the reciprocating element
outside the high pressure chamber does not contact a fluid being
pumped by the pump.
15. A method of servicing a wellbore, the method comprising:
fluidly coupling a pump to a source of a wellbore servicing fluid
and to the wellbore, wherein the pump comprises: a pump fluid end
comprising a reciprocating element bore; a reciprocatable
reciprocating element having a front end opposite a fluid intake
end and comprising a peripheral wall defining a hollow cylindrical
body; a movable manifold comprising a reciprocating element end and
a fluid intake end, wherein the reciprocating element end of the
movable manifold is fluidly connected with the fluid intake end of
the reciprocating element, whereby the reciprocating element end of
the movable manifold moves in a same axial direction as the
reciprocating element during reciprocation of the reciprocating
element in alternating directions along a path within the
reciprocating element bore of the pump fluid end, and wherein the
fluid intake end of the movable manifold is configured for fluid
coupling with a stationary fluid manifold such that fluid can be
introduced into the movable manifold via the stationary fluid
manifold and the fluid intake end of the movable manifold; and a
power end operatively connected to the reciprocating element and
operable to reciprocate the reciprocating element in the
reciprocating element bore of the pump fluid end; and communicating
wellbore servicing fluid into the wellbore via the pump.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising: discontinuing the
communicating of the wellbore servicing fluid into the wellbore via
the pump; and subjecting the pump to maintenance to provide a
maintained pump, wherein subjecting the pump to maintenance
comprises accessing a reciprocating element packing associated with
the reciprocating element and located within the pump fluid end,
wherein the reciprocating element packing seals a space between a
wall of the reciprocating element bore and an outside of the
peripheral wall of the reciprocating element, providing a high
pressure chamber extending in an axial direction toward the front
end of the reciprocating element from the reciprocating element
packing, such that, during operation of the pump, an outside of the
peripheral wall of a portion of the reciprocating element outside
the high pressure chamber does not contact a fluid being pumped by
the pump; and communicating the or another wellbore servicing fluid
into the wellbore via the maintained pump.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the pump comprises an
integration section located in a space between the pump fluid end
and the power end, wherein the movable manifold is located in the
integration section, and wherein accessing the reciprocating
element packing comprises accessing the reciprocating element
packing via the integration section.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the wellbore servicing fluid,
the another wellbore servicing fluid, or both the wellbore
servicing fluid and the another wellbore servicing fluid comprise a
fracturing fluid, a cementitious fluid, a remedial fluid, a
perforating fluid, a sealant, a drilling fluid, a spacer fluid, a
completion fluid, a gravel pack fluid, a gelation fluid, a
polymeric fluid, an aqueous fluid, an oleaginous fluid, or a
combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the pump or the maintained pump
operates during the pumping of the wellbore servicing fluid or the
another wellbore servicing fluid at a pressure of greater than or
equal to about 3,000 psi, 5,000 psi, 10,000 psi, 20,000 psi, 30,000
psi, 40,000 psi, or 50,000 psi.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the pump or the maintained pump
operates during the pumping of the wellbore servicing fluid or the
another wellbore servicing fluid at a volumetric flow rate of flow
rate of greater than or equal to about 3, 10, 20, or 30 barrels per
minute (BPM), or in a range of from about 3 to about 30, from about
3 to about 20, from about 10 to about 20, or from about 5 to about
20 BPM.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] Not applicable.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0002] Not applicable.
REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX
[0003] Not applicable.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0004] The present disclosure relates generally to a method and
apparatus for supplying pressurized fluids. More particularly, the
present disclosure relates to methods and reciprocating devices for
pumping fluids into a wellbore.
BACKGROUND
[0005] High-pressure pumps having reciprocating elements such as
plungers or pistons are commonly employed in oil and gas production
fields for operations such as drilling and well servicing. For
instance, one or more reciprocating pumps may be employed to pump
fluids into a wellbore in conjunction with activities including
fracturing, acidizing, remediation, cementing, and other
stimulation or servicing activities. Due to the harsh conditions
associated with such activities, many considerations are generally
taken into account when designing a pump for use in oil and gas
operations. Design considerations may include pump fluid end
lifetime and ease of access to pump fluid end components, as
reciprocating pumps used in wellbore operations, for example, often
encounter high cyclical pressures and various other conditions that
can render pump components susceptible to wear and result in a need
for servicing and maintenance of the pump.
[0006] Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a pump fluid end
that enables longer lifetime, reduced cost, and/or easier
maintenance of the pump fluid end. Desirably, such a pump fluid end
facilitates access to components therein, such as a primary
reciprocating element packing, components of a suction valve
assembly, components of a discharge valve assembly, or a
combination thereof.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] For a more complete understanding of this disclosure,
reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description,
wherein like reference numerals represent like parts.
[0008] FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a reciprocating pump,
according to embodiments of this disclosure.
[0009] FIG. 2A is a cut-away illustration of an exemplary
reciprocating pump comprising a concentric bore pump fluid end,
according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0010] FIG. 2B is a cut-away illustration of an exemplary
reciprocating pump comprising a tee-bore ("T-bore") pump fluid end,
according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 3 is cut-away illustration of a pump power end of a
pump, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a schematic of an integration section of a pump
comprising a flexible hose type movable manifold, according to
embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 5A is a schematic of an integration section of a pump
comprising a swivel and seal type movable manifold in a fully
retracted configuration, according to embodiments of the present
disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 5B is a schematic of the integration section of FIG.
5A, wherein the swivel and seal type movable manifold is in a fully
extended configuration.
[0015] FIG. 6A is a schematic of an integration section of a pump
comprising a trombone type movable manifold in a fully retracted
configuration, according to embodiments of the present
disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 6B is a schematic of the integration section of FIG.
6A, wherein the trombone type movable manifold is in a fully
extended configuration.
[0017] FIG. 7A is a schematic of an integration section of a pump
comprising a bellows type movable manifold in a fully retracted
configuration, according to embodiments of the present
disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 7B is a schematic of the integration section of FIG.
7A, wherein the bellows type movable manifold is in a fully
extended configuration.
[0019] FIG. 8 is a schematic of a reciprocating element adapter
coupling a reciprocating element with a pushrod and a movable
manifold, according to embodiments of this disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
wellbore servicing system, according to embodiments of this
disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] It should be understood at the outset that although an
illustrative implementation of one or more embodiments are provided
below, the disclosed systems and/or methods may be implemented
using any number of techniques, whether currently known or in
existence. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the
illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated
below, including the exemplary designs and implementations
illustrated and described herein, but may be modified within the
scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of
equivalents.
[0022] Disclosed herein is a reciprocating apparatus for pumping
pressurized fluid. In embodiments, the reciprocating apparatus
comprises a pump comprising a pump fluid end having a reciprocating
element bore, a reciprocating element, a movable manifold, and a
power end operatively connected to the reciprocating element and
operable to reciprocate the reciprocating element in the
reciprocating element bore of the pump fluid end. In embodiments,
the reciprocating element has a front end opposite a fluid intake
end and comprises a peripheral wall defining a hollow cylindrical
body, and the movable manifold comprises a reciprocating element
end and a fluid intake end, and the reciprocating element end of
the movable manifold is fluidly connected with the fluid intake end
of the reciprocating element, whereby the reciprocating element end
of the movable manifold can move in a same axial direction as the
reciprocating element during reciprocation of the reciprocating
element in alternating directions along a path within the
reciprocating element bore of the pump fluid end, and the fluid
intake end of the movable manifold is configured for fluid coupling
with a stationary fluid manifold such that fluid can be introduced
into the movable manifold via the stationary fluid manifold and the
fluid intake end of the movable manifold. In embodiments, the
reciprocating apparatus is a high-pressure pump configured to
operate at a pressure greater than or equal to about 3,000 psi
and/or in a well servicing operation and environment.
[0023] A reciprocating apparatus of this disclosure may comprise
any suitable pump operable to pump fluid. Non-limiting examples of
suitable pumps include, but are not limited to, piston pumps,
plunger pumps, and the like. In embodiments, the pump is a rotary-
or reciprocating-type pump such as a positive displacement pump
operable to displace pressurized fluid. The pump comprises a pump
power end, a pump fluid end, and an integration section whereby a
reciprocating element (e.g., a plunger) can be mechanically
connected with the pump power end such that the reciprocating
element can be reciprocated within a reciprocating element bore of
the pump fluid end. FIG. 1 is an elevational view (e.g., side view)
of a pump 10 (e.g., a reciprocating pump) according to an exemplary
embodiment, the reciprocating pump comprising a pump power end 12,
a pump fluid end 22, and an integration section 11. As illustrated
in FIG. 1, pump fluid end has a front S1 opposite a back S2 along a
first or x-axis, a top S3 opposite a bottom S4 along a second or
y-axis, wherein the y-axis is in the same plane as and
perpendicular to the x-axis, and a left side and a right side along
a z-axis, wherein the x-axis is along a plane perpendicular to the
plane of the x-axis and the y-axis. Accordingly, toward the top of
pump fluid end 22 (and pump 10) is along the y-axis toward top S3,
toward the bottom of pump fluid end 22 (and pump 10) is along the
y-axis toward bottom S4, toward the front of pump fluid end 22 (and
pump 10) is along the x-axis toward front S1, and toward the back
of pump fluid end 22 (and pump 10) is along the x-axis away from
front S1.
[0024] The pump fluid end 22 is integrated with the pump power end
12 via the integration section 11, such that pump power end 12 is
operable to reciprocate the reciprocating element 18 within a
reciprocating element bore 24 (FIG. 2A/FIG. 2B) of the pump fluid
end 22. The reciprocating element bore 24 is at least partially
defined by a cylinder wall 26. As described further hereinbelow
with reference to FIG. 2A, pump fluid end 22 of this disclosure can
be an in-line or "concentric" bore pump fluid end. In alternative
embodiments, described further hereinbelow with reference to FIG.
2B, pump fluid end 22 is a "cross-bore" pump fluid end 22, which,
as utilized herein, can include "T-bore" pump fluid ends, "X-bore"
(e.g., cross shaped bore) pump fluid ends, or "Y-bore" pump fluid
ends. FIG. 2A is a schematic showing a concentric bore pump fluid
end 22 engaged with a reciprocating element 18. FIG. 2B is a
schematic showing a T-bore pump fluid end 22 engaged with a
reciprocating element 18. As discussed further below, the pump 10
includes at least one fluid inlet 38 for receiving fluid from a
fluid source, e.g., a suction line, suction header, storage or mix
tank, blender, discharge from a boost pump such as a centrifugal
pump, etc. The pump 10 also includes at least one discharge outlet
54 for discharging fluid to a discharge source, e.g., a flowmeter,
pressure monitoring and control system, distribution header,
discharge line, wellhead, discharge manifold pipe, and the
like.
[0025] The pump 10 may comprise any suitable pump power end 12 for
enabling the pump 10 to perform pumping operations (e.g., pumping a
wellbore servicing fluid downhole). Similarly, the pump 10 may
include any suitable housing 14 for containing and/or supporting
the pump power end 12 and components thereof The housing 14 may
comprise various combinations of inlets, outlets, channels, and the
like for circulating and/or transferring fluid. Additionally, the
housing 14 may include connections to other components and/or
systems, such as, but not limited to, pipes, tanks, drive
mechanisms, etc. Furthermore, the housing 14 may be configured with
cover plates or entryways for permitting access to the pump power
end 12 and/or other pump components. As such, the pump 10 may be
inspected to determine whether parts need to be repaired or
replaced. The pump power end may also be hydraulically driven,
whether it is a non-intensifying or an intensifying system.
[0026] Those versed in the art will understand that the pump power
end 12 may include various components commonly employed in pumps.
Pump power end 12 can be any suitable pump known in the art and
with the help of this disclosure to be operable to reciprocate
reciprocating element 18 in reciprocating element bore 24. For
example, without limitation, pump power end 12 can be operable via
and comprise a crank and slider mechanism, a powered
hydraulic/pneumatic/steam cylinder mechanism or various electric,
mechanical or electro-mechanical drives. FIG. 3 provides a cutaway
illustration of an exemplary pump 10 of this disclosure, showing an
exemplary pump power end 12, integrated via integration section 11
with a pump fluid end 22, wherein the pump power end 12 is operable
to reciprocate the reciprocating element 18 within a reciprocating
element bore 24 of the pump fluid end 22. Briefly, for example, the
pump power end 12 may include a rotatable crankshaft 16 attached to
at least one reciprocating element 18 (e.g., a plunger or piston)
by way of a crank arm 20 and pushrod 30. Additionally, an engine
(e.g., a diesel engine), motor, or other suitable power source may
be operatively connected to the crankshaft 16 (e.g., through a
transmission and drive shaft) and operable to actuate rotation
thereof. In operation, rotation of the crankshaft 16 induces
translational movement of the crank arm rod 20, thereby causing the
reciprocating element 18 to extend and retract along a flow path,
which may generally be defined by a central axis 17 within a
reciprocating element bore 24 (sometimes referred to herein for
brevity as a "reciprocating element bore 24" or simply a "bore 24",
although not wishing to be limited to a particular reciprocating
element 18). Pump 10 of FIG. 1 is typically mounted on a movable
structure such as a semi-tractor trailer or skid, and the moveable
structure may contain additional components, such as a motor or
engine (e.g., a diesel engine), that provides power (e.g.,
mechanical motion) to the pump power end 12 (e.g., a crankcase
comprising crankshaft 16 and related connecting rods 20).
[0027] Of course, numerous other components associated with the
pump power end 12 of the pump 10 may be similarly employed, and
therefore, fall within the purview of the present disclosure.
Furthermore, since the construction and operation of components
associated with pumps of the sort depicted in FIG. 1 are well known
and understood, discussion of the pump 10 will herein be limited to
the extent necessary for enabling a proper understanding of the
disclosed embodiments.
[0028] As noted hereinabove, the pump 10 comprises a pump fluid end
22 attached to the pump power end 12. Various embodiments of the
pump fluid end 22 are described in detail below in connection with
other drawings, for example FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B. Generally, the
pump fluid end 22 comprises at least one fluid inlet 38 for
receiving fluid, and at least one discharge outlet 54 through which
fluid flows out of the discharge chamber 53. The pump fluid end 22
also comprises at least one valve assembly for controlling the
receipt and output of fluid. For example, the pump fluid end 22 can
comprise a suction valve assembly 56 and a discharge valve assembly
72. The pump fluid end 22 may include any suitable component(s)
and/or structure(s) for containing and/or supporting the
reciprocating element 18 and providing a cylinder wall 26 at least
partially defining a reciprocating element bore 24 along which the
pump power end can reciprocate the reciprocating element during
operation of the pump.
[0029] In embodiments, the pump fluid end 22 may comprise a
cylinder wall 26 at least partially defining a bore 24 through
which the reciprocating element 18 may extend and retract.
Additionally, the bore 24 may be in fluid communication with a
discharge chamber 53 formed within the pump fluid end 22. Such a
discharge chamber 53, for example, may be configured as a
pressurized discharge chamber 53 having a discharge outlet 54
through which fluid is discharged by the reciprocating element 18.
Thus, the reciprocating element 18 may be movably disposed within
the reciprocating element bore 24, which may provide a fluid flow
path into and/or out of the pump chamber. During operation of the
pump 10, the reciprocating element 18 may be configured to
reciprocate along a path (e.g., along central axis 17 within bore
24 and/or pump chamber 28, which corresponds to reciprocal movement
parallel to the x-axis of FIG. 1) to transfer a supply of fluid to
the pump chamber 28 and/or discharge fluid from the pump chamber
28.
[0030] In operation, the reciprocating element 18 extends and
retracts along a flow path to alternate between providing forward
strokes (also referred to as discharge strokes and correlating to
movement in a positive direction parallel to the x-axis of FIG. 1)
and return strokes (also referred to as suction strokes and
correlating to movement in a negative direction parallel to the
x-axis of FIG. 1), respectively. During a forward stroke, the
reciprocating element 18 extends away from the pump power end 12
and toward the pump fluid end 22. Before the forward stoke begins,
the reciprocating element 18 is in a fully retracted position (also
referred to as bottom dead center (BDC) with reference to the
crankshaft 16), in which case the suction valve assembly 56 can be
in a closed configuration having allowed fluid to flow into the
(e.g., high pressure) pump chamber 28. When discharge valve
assembly 72 is in a closed configuration (e.g., under the influence
of a closing mechanism, such as a spring, the high pressure in a
discharge pipe or manifold containing discharge outlet 54) prevents
fluid flow into discharge chamber 53 and causes pressure in the
pump chamber 28 to accumulate upon stroking of the reciprocating
element 18. When the reciprocating element 18 begins the forward
stroke, the pressure builds inside the pump chamber 28 and acts as
an opening force that results in positioning of the discharge valve
assembly 72 in an open configuration, while a closing force (e.g.,
via a closing mechanism, such as a spring and/or pressure increase
inside pump chamber 28) urges the suction valve assembly 56 into a
closed configuration. When utilized in connection with a valve
assembly, `open` and `closed` refer, respectively, to a
configuration in which fluid can flow through the valve assembly
(e.g., can pass between a valve body and a valve seat thereof) and
a configuration in which fluid cannot flow through the valve
assembly (e.g., cannot pass between a valve body and a valve seat
thereof). As the reciprocating element 18 extends forward, fluid
within the pump chamber 28 is discharged through the discharge
outlet 54.
[0031] During a return stroke, the reciprocating element 18
reciprocates or retracts away from the pump fluid end 22 and
towards the pump power end 12 of the pump 10. Before the return
stroke begins, the reciprocating element 18 is in a fully extended
position (also referred to as top dead center (TDC) with reference
to the crankshaft 16), in which case the discharge valve assembly
72 can be in a closed configuration having allowed fluid to flow
out of the pump chamber 28 and the suction valve assembly 56 is in
a closed configuration. When the reciprocating element 18 begins
and retracts towards the pump power end 12, the discharge valve
assembly 72 assumes a closed configuration, while the suction valve
assembly 56 opens. As the reciprocating element 18 moves away from
the discharge valve 72 during a return stroke, fluid flows through
the suction valve assembly 56 and into the pump chamber 28.
[0032] With reference to the embodiment of FIG. 2A, which is a
schematic showing a concentric pump fluid end 22 engaged with a
reciprocating element 18, concentric bore pump fluid end 22
comprises a concentric bore fluid end body 8, a concentric pump
chamber 28, a suction valve assembly 56, and a discharge valve
assembly 72. In this concentric bore configuration of FIG. 2A,
suction valve assembly 56 and discharge valve assembly 72 are
positioned in-line (also referred to as coaxial) with reciprocating
element bore 24, i.e., central axis 17 of reciprocating element
bore 24 is also the central axis of suction pump assembly 56 and
discharge valve assembly 72). With reference to the embodiment of
FIG. 2B, which is a schematic showing a T-bore pump fluid end 22
engaged with a reciprocating element 18, T-bore pump fluid end 22
comprises a T-bore fluid end body 8, a T-shaped pump chamber 28, a
suction valve assembly 56, and a discharge valve assembly 72. In
this T-bore configuration of FIG. 2B, suction valve assembly 56 is
coupled with front end 60 of reciprocating element 18 and discharge
valve assembly 72 is positioned in bore 25 that makes a tee with
reciprocating element bore 24, i.e., central axis 17 of
reciprocating element bore 24 is also the central axis of suction
pump assembly 56 and perpendicular to a central axis 27 of
discharge valve assembly 72).
[0033] Suction valve assembly 56 and discharge valve assembly 72
are operable to direct fluid flow within the pump 10. In pump fluid
end 22 designs of this disclosure, fluid flows within a hollow
reciprocating element (e.g., a hollow plunger) 18 via fluid inlet
38 located toward tail end 62 of reciprocating element 18. The
reciprocating element bore 24 of such a fluid end design can be
defined by a high pressure cylinder 26 providing a high pressure
chamber. (As utilized here, "high pressure" indicates possible
subjection to high pressure during discharge.) When reciprocating
element 18 retracts, or moves along central axis 17 in a direction
away from the pump chamber 28 and pump fluid end 22 and toward pump
power end 12 (as indicated by arrow 116), a suction valve of the
suction valve assembly 56 opens (e.g., either under natural flow
and/or other biasing means), and a discharge valve of discharge
valve assembly 72 will be closed, whereby fluid enters pump chamber
28 via a fluid inlet 38. For a pump fluid end 22 design of this
disclosure, the fluid inlet 38 is configured to introduce fluid
into pump chamber 28 via a reciprocating element 18 that is hollow.
When the reciprocating element 18 reverses direction, due to the
action of the pump power end 12, the reciprocating element 18
reverses direction along central axis 17, now moving in a direction
toward the pump chamber 28 and pump fluid end 22 and away from pump
power end 12 (as indicated by arrow 117), and the discharge valve
of discharge valve assembly 72 is open and the suction valve of
suction valve assembly 56 is closed (e.g., again either due to
fluid flow and/or other biasing means of valve control), such that
fluid is pumped out of pump chamber 28 via discharge chamber 53 and
discharge outlet 54.
[0034] A pump 10 of this disclosure can comprise one or more access
ports. With reference to the concentric fluid end body 8 embodiment
of FIG. 2A, a front access port 30A can be located on a front Si of
the pump fluid end 22 opposite a back S2 of the pump fluid end 22,
wherein the back S2 of the pump fluid end is proximal the pump
power end 12, upon integration therewith via integration section
11. With reference to the T-bore fluid end body 8 embodiment of
FIG. 2B, a front access port 30A can be located on a front S1 of
the pump fluid end 22 opposite a back S2 of the pump fluid end 22,
wherein the back S2 of the pump fluid end is proximal the pump
power end 12, upon integration therewith via integration section
11, and a top access port 30B can be located on a top S3 of the
pump fluid end 22 opposite a bottom S4 of pump fluid end 22.
Locations described as front S1, back S2, top S3, and bottom S4 are
further described with reference to the x-y-z coordinate system
shown in FIG. 1 and further can be relative to a surface (e.g., a
trailer bed, the ground, a platform, etc.) upon which the pump 10
is located, a bottom S4 of the pump fluid end being proximal the
surface (e.g., trailer bed) upon which the pump 10 is located.
Generally, due to size and positioning of pump 10, the front S1 and
top S3 of the pump fluid end 22 are more easily accessible than a
back S2 or bottom S4 thereof In a similar manner, a front of pump
10 is distal the pump power end 12 and a back of the pump 10 is
distal the pump fluid end 22. The integration section 11 can be
positioned in a space between the pump fluid end 22 and the pump
power end 12, and can be safeguarded (e.g., from personnel) via a
cover 15.
[0035] In embodiments, a pump fluid end 22 and pump 10 of this
disclosure comprise at least one access port. In embodiments, the
at least one access port is located on a side of the discharge
valve assembly 72 opposite the suction valve assembly 56. For
example, in the concentric bore pump fluid end 22 embodiment of
FIG. 2A, front access port 30A is located on a side (e.g., front
side) of discharge valve assembly 72 opposite suction valve
assembly 56. In the T-bore pump fluid end 22 embodiment of FIG. 2B,
front access port 30A is located on top S3 of pump fluid end
22.
[0036] In embodiments, one or more seals 29 (e.g., "o-ring" seals,
packing seals, or the like), also referred to herein as `primary`
reciprocating element packing 29 may be arranged around the
reciprocating element 18 to provide sealing between the outer walls
of the reciprocating element 18 and the inner walls 26 defining at
least a portion of the reciprocating element bore 24. In fluid end
designs such as described herein operated with a hollow
reciprocating element 18, a second set of seals (also referred to
herein as `secondary` reciprocating element packing; not shown in
the Figures) is conventionally arranged around the reciprocating
element 18 to provide sealing between the outer walls of the
reciprocating element 18 and the inner walls of a low-pressure
cylinder that defines a low pressure fluid chamber (e.g., wherein
the secondary packing is farther back along the x-axis and
delineates a back end of a low pressure chamber that extends from
the primary packing 29 to the secondary packing). According to this
disclosure, only a primary reciprocating element packing is
utilized, as fluid enters tail end 62 of reciprocating element 18
without first contacting an outer peripheral wall thereof (i.e., no
secondary reciprocating element packing is needed/utilized, because
no low pressure chamber external to reciprocating element 18 is
utilized). Skilled artisans will recognize that the seals of the
primary packing may comprise any suitable type of seals, and the
selection of seals may depend on various factors e.g., fluid,
temperature, pressure, etc.
[0037] While the foregoing discussion focused on a pump fluid end
22 comprising a single reciprocating element 18 disposed in a
single reciprocating element bore 24, it is to be understood that
the pump fluid end 22 may include any suitable number of
reciprocating elements. As discussed further below, for example,
the pump 10 may comprise a plurality of reciprocating elements 18
and associated reciprocating element bores 24 arranged in parallel
and spaced apart along the z-axis of FIG. 1 (or another arrangement
such as a V block or radial arrangement). In such a multi-bore
pump, each reciprocating element bore may be associated with a
respective reciprocating element and crank arm, and a single common
crankshaft may drive each of the plurality of reciprocating
elements and crank arms. Alternatively, a multi-bore pump may
include multiple crankshafts, such that each crankshaft may drive a
corresponding reciprocating element. Furthermore, the pump 10 may
be implemented as any suitable type of multi-bore pump. In a
non-limiting example, the pump 10 may comprise a Triplex pump
having three reciprocating elements 18 (e.g., plungers or pistons)
and associated reciprocating element bores 24, discharge valve
assemblies 72 and suction valve assemblies 56, or a Quintuplex pump
having five reciprocating elements 18 and five associated
reciprocating element bores 24, discharge valve assemblies 72 and
suction valve assemblies 56.
[0038] Reciprocating element bore 24 can have an inner diameter
slightly greater than the outer diameter of the reciprocating
element 18, such that the reciprocating element 18 may sufficiently
reciprocate within reciprocating element bore 24. In embodiments,
the fluid end body 8 of pump fluid end 22 has a pressure rating
ranging from about 100 psi to about 3000 psi, or from about 2000
psi to about 10,000 psi, from about 5000 psi to about 30,000 psi,
or from about 3000 psi to about 50,000 psi or greater. The fluid
end body 8 of pump fluid end 22 may be cast, forged or formed from
any suitable materials, e.g., steel, metal alloys, or the like.
Those versed in the art will recognize that the type and condition
of material(s) suitable for the fluid end body 8 may be selected
based on various factors. In a wellbore servicing operation, for
example, the selection of a material may depend on flow rates,
pressure rates, wellbore service fluid types (e.g., particulate
type and/or concentration present in particle laden fluids such as
fracturing fluids or drilling fluids, or fluids comprising
cryogenic/foams), etc. Moreover, the fluid end body 8 (e.g.,
cylinder wall 26 defining at least a portion of reciprocating
element bore 24 and/or pump chamber 28) may include protective
coatings for preventing and/or resisting abrasion, erosion, and/or
corrosion.
[0039] In embodiments, the cylindrical shape (e.g., providing
cylindrical wall(s) 26) of the fluid end body 8 may be pre-stressed
in an initial compression. Moreover, a high-pressure cylinder(s)
providing the cylindrical shape (e.g., providing cylindrical
wall(s) 26) may comprise one or more sleeves (e.g., heat-shrinkable
sleeves). Additionally or alternatively, the high-pressure
cylinder(s) may comprise one or more composite overwraps and/or
concentric sleeves ("over-sleeves"), such that an outer wrap/sleeve
pre-loads an inner wrap/sleeve. The overwraps and/or over-sleeves
may be non-metallic (e.g., fiber windings) and/or constructed from
relatively lightweight materials. Overwraps and/or over-sleeves may
be added to increase fatigue strength and overall reinforcement of
the components.
[0040] The cylinders and cylindrical-shaped components (e.g.,
providing cylindrical wall 26) associated with the pump fluid end
body 8 of pump fluid end 22 may be held in place within the pump 10
using any appropriate technique. For example, components may be
assembled and connected, e.g., bolted, welded, etc. Additionally or
alternatively, cylinders may be press-fit into openings machined or
cast into the pump fluid end 22 or other suitable portion of the
pump 10. Such openings may be configured to accept and rigidly hold
cylinders (e.g., having cylinder wall(s) 26 at least partially
defining reciprocating element bore 24) in place so as to
facilitate interaction of the reciprocating element 18 and other
components associated with the pump 10.
[0041] In embodiments, the reciprocating element 18 comprises a
plunger or a piston. While the reciprocating element 18 may be
described herein with respect to embodiments comprising a plunger,
it is to be understood that the reciprocating element 18 may
comprise any suitable component for displacing fluid. In a
non-limiting example, the reciprocating element 18 may be a piston.
As those versed in the art will readily appreciate, a piston-type
pump generally employs sealing elements (e.g., rings, packing,
etc.) attached to the piston and movable therewith. In contrast, a
plunger-type pump generally employs fixed or static seals (e.g.,
primary seal or packing 29) through which the plunger moves during
each stroke (e.g., suction stroke or discharge stroke).
[0042] As skilled artisans will understand, the reciprocating
element 18 may include any suitable size and/or shape for extending
and retracting along a flow path within the pump fluid end 22. For
instance, reciprocating element 18 may comprise a generally
cylindrical shape, and may be sized such that the reciprocating
element 18 can sufficiently slide against or otherwise interact
with the inner cylinder wall 26. In embodiments, one or more
additional components or mechanical linkages 4 (FIG. 4; e.g.,
clamps, adapters, extensions, etc.) may be used to couple the
reciprocating element 18 to the pump power end 12 (e.g., to a crank
arm 20 or pushrod 30).
[0043] According to this disclosure, reciprocating element 18
employed in a concentric bore pump fluid end 22 embodiment (such as
depicted in FIG. 2A) or a T-bore pump fluid end 22 (such as
depicted in FIG. 2B) comprises a peripheral wall 84 defining a
hollow body. In embodiments, a portion of the peripheral wall 84
may be generally permeable or may include an input through which
fluid may enter the hollow body and an output through which fluid
may exit the hollow body. Furthermore, while the reciprocating
element 18 may, in embodiments, define a substantially hollow
interior and include a ported body, a base of the reciprocating
element 18 proximal the pump power end, when assembled, may be
substantially solid and/or impermeable (e.g., a plunger having both
a hollow portion and a solid portion).
[0044] The reciprocating element 18 comprises a front or free end
60. In embodiments, the reciprocating element 18 can contain or at
least partially contain the suction valve assembly 56. In one
aspect, the suction valve assembly 56 is at least partially
disposed within the reciprocating element 18 at or proximate to the
front end 60 thereof At an opposite or tail end 62 (also referred
to as back or tail end 62) of the reciprocating element 18, the
reciprocating element 18 may include a base coupled to the pump
power end 12 of the pump 10 (e.g., via crank arm 20). In
embodiments, the tail end 62 of the reciprocating element 18 is
coupled to the pump power end 12 outside of pump fluid end 22,
e.g., within integration section 11.
[0045] As noted above, pump fluid end 22 contains a suction valve
assembly 56. Suction valve assembly 56 may alternately open or
close to permit or prevent fluid flow. Skilled artisans will
understand that the suction valve assembly 56 may be of any
suitable type or configuration (e.g., gravity- or spring-biased,
flow activated, etc.). Those versed in the art will understand that
the suction valve assembly 56 may be disposed within the pump fluid
end 22 at any suitable location therein. For instance, the suction
valve assembly 56 may be disposed within reciprocating element bore
24 and at least partially within reciprocating element 18 in
concentric bore pump fluid end 22 designs such as FIG. 2A or T-bore
pump fluid end 22 designs such as FIG. 2B, such that a suction
valve body of the suction valve assembly 56 moves away from a
suction valve seat within the a suction valve seat housing of
reciprocating element 18 when the suction valve assembly 56 is in
an open configuration and toward the suction valve seat when the
suction valve assembly 56 is in a closed configuration.
[0046] Pump 10 comprises a discharge valve assembly 72 for
controlling the output of fluid through discharge chamber 53 and
discharge outlet 54. Analogous to the suction valve assembly 56,
the discharge valve assembly 72 may alternately open or close to
permit or prevent fluid flow. Those versed in the art will
understand that the discharge valve assembly 72 may be disposed
within the pump chamber at any suitable location therein. For
instance, the discharge valve assembly 72 may be disposed proximal
the front S1 of bore 24 (e.g., at least partially within discharge
chamber 53 and/or pump chamber 28) of the pump fluid end 22, such
that a discharge valve body of the discharge valve assembly 72
moves toward the discharge chamber 53 when the discharge valve
assembly 72 is in an open configuration and away from the discharge
chamber 53 when the discharge valve assembly 72 is in a closed
configuration. In addition, in concentric bore pump fluid end 22
configurations such as FIG. 2A, the discharge valve assembly 72 may
be co-axially aligned with the suction valve assembly 56 (e.g.,
along central axis 17), and the suction valve assembly 56 and the
discharge valve assembly 72 may be coaxially aligned with the
reciprocating element 18 (e.g., along central axis 17). In
alternative embodiments, such as the T-bore pump fluid end 22
embodiment of FIG. 2B, discharge valve assembly 72 can be
positioned within T-bore 25, at least partially within discharge
chamber 53 and/or pump chamber 28, and have a central axis
coincident (e.g., coaxial) with central axis 27 of T-bore 25.
[0047] Further, the suction valve assembly 56 and the discharge
valve assembly 72 can comprise any suitable mechanism for opening
and closing valves. For example, the suction valve assembly 56 and
the discharge valve assembly 72 can comprise a suction valve spring
and a discharge valve spring, respectively. Additionally, any
suitable structure (e.g., valve assembly comprising sealing rings,
stems, poppets, etc.) and/or components may be employed suitable
means for retaining the components of the suction valve assembly 56
and the components of the discharge valve assembly 72 within the
pump fluid end 22 may be employed.
[0048] The pump 10 may comprise and/or be coupled (as detailed
further hereinbelow) to any suitable fluid source for supplying
fluid to the pump via the fluid inlet 38. In embodiments, the pump
10 may also comprise and/or be coupled to a pressure source such as
a boost pump (e.g., a suction boost pump) fluidly connected to the
pump 10 (e.g., via inlet 38) and operable to increase or "boost"
the pressure of fluid introduced to pump 10 via fluid inlet 38. A
boost pump may comprise any suitable type including, but not
limited to, a centrifugal pump, a gear pump, a screw pump, a roller
pump, a scroll pump, a piston/plunger pump, or any combination
thereof. For instance, the pump 10 may comprise and/or be coupled
to a boost pump known to operate efficiently in high-volume
operations and/or may allow the pumping rate therefrom to be
adjusted. Skilled artisans will readily appreciate that the amount
of added pressure may depend and/or vary based on factors such as
operating conditions, application requirements, etc. In one aspect,
the boost pump may have an outlet pressure greater than or equal to
about 70 psi, about 80 psi, or about 110 psi, providing fluid to
the suction side of pump 10 at about said pressures. Additionally
or alternatively, the boost pump may have a flow rate of greater
than or equal to about 80 BPM, about 70 BPM, and/or about 50
BPM.
[0049] As noted hereinabove, the pump 10 may be implemented as a
multi-cylinder pump comprising multiple cylindrical reciprocating
element bores 24 and corresponding components. In embodiments, the
pump 10 is a Triplex pump in which the pump fluid end 22 comprises
three reciprocating assemblies, each reciprocating assembly
comprising a suction valve assembly 56, a discharge valve assembly
72, a pump chamber 28, a fluid inlet 38, a discharge outlet 54, and
a reciprocating element bore 24 within which a corresponding
reciprocating element 18 reciprocates during operation of the pump
10 via connection therewith to a (e.g., common) pump power end 12.
In embodiments, the pump 10 is a Quintuplex pump in which the pump
fluid end 22 comprises five reciprocating assemblies. In a
non-limiting example, the pump 10 may be a Q10.TM. Quintuplex Pump
or an HT-400.TM. Triplex Pump, produced by Halliburton Energy
Services, Inc.
[0050] In embodiments, the pump fluid end 22 may comprise an
external or stationary fluid manifold (e.g., a suction header), as
described in more detail hereinbelow (stationary fluid manifold 83
with reference to FIGS. 4-7B) for feeding fluid to the multiple
reciprocating assemblies via any suitable inlet(s). Additionally or
alternatively, the pump fluid end 22 may comprise separate conduits
such as hoses fluidly connected to separate inlets for inputting
fluid to each reciprocating assembly. Of course, numerous other
variations may be similarly employed, and therefore, fall within
the scope of the present disclosure.
[0051] Those skilled in the art will understand that the
reciprocating elements of each of the reciprocating assemblies may
be operatively connected to the pump power end 12 of the pump 10
according to any suitable manner. For instance, separate connectors
(e.g., cranks arms 20, connecting rods, etc.) associated with the
pump power end 12 may be coupled to each reciprocating element body
or tail end 62. The pump 10 may employ a common crankshaft (e.g.,
crankshaft 16) or separate crankshafts to drive the multiple
reciprocating elements.
[0052] As previously discussed, the multiple reciprocating elements
may receive a supply of fluid from any suitable fluid source, which
may be configured to provide a constant fluid supply. Additionally
or alternatively, the pressure of supplied fluid may be increased
by adding pressure (e.g., boost pressure) as described previously.
In embodiments, the fluid inlet(s) 38 receive a supply of
pressurized fluid comprising a pressure ranging from about 30 psi
to about 300 psi.
[0053] Additionally or alternatively, the one or more discharge
outlet(s) 54 may be fluidly connected to a common collection point
such as a sump or distribution manifold, which may be configured to
collect fluids flowing out of the fluid outlet(s) 54, or another
cylinder bank and/or one or more additional pumps.
[0054] During pumping, the multiple reciprocating elements 18 will
perform forward and returns strokes similarly, as described
hereinabove. In embodiments, the multiple reciprocating elements 18
can be angularly offset to ensure that no two reciprocating
elements are located at the same position along their respective
stroke paths (i.e., the plungers are "out of phase"). For example,
the reciprocating elements may be angularly distributed to have a
certain offset (e.g., 120 degrees of separation in a Triplex pump)
to minimize undesirable effects that may result from multiple
reciprocating elements of a single pump simultaneously producing
pressure pulses. The position of a reciprocating element is
generally based on the number of degrees a pump crankshaft (e.g.,
crankshaft 16) has rotated from a bottom dead center (BDC)
position. The BDC position corresponds to the position of a fully
retracted reciprocating element at zero velocity, e.g., just prior
to a reciprocating element moving (i.e., in a direction indicated
by arrow 117 in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B) forward in its cylinder. A top
dead center position corresponds to the position of a fully
extended reciprocating element at zero velocity, e.g., just prior
to a reciprocating element moving backward (i.e., in a direction
indicated by arrow 116 in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B) in its cylinder.
[0055] As described above, each reciprocating element 18 is
operable to draw in fluid during a suction (backward or return)
stroke and discharge fluid during a discharge (forward) stroke.
Skilled artisans will understand that the multiple reciprocating
elements 18 may be angularly offset or phase-shifted to improve
fluid intake for each reciprocating element 18. For instance, a
phase degree offset (at 360 degrees divided by the number of
reciprocating elements) may be employed to ensure the multiple
reciprocating elements 18 receive fluid and/or a certain quantity
of fluid at all times of operation. In one implementation, the
three reciprocating elements 18 of a Triplex pump may be
phase-shifted by a 120-degree offset. Accordingly, when one
reciprocating element 18 is at its maximum forward stroke position,
a second reciprocating element 18 will be 60 degrees through its
discharge stroke from BDC, and a third reciprocating element will
be 120 degrees through its suction stroke from top dead center
(TDC).
[0056] With reference back to FIG. 3, according to this disclosure,
and as described further hereinbelow, a pump 10 comprises: a pump
fluid end 22 (e.g., a concentric bore pump fluid end 22 such as
depicted in FIG. 2A or a cross-bore pump fluid end such as T-bore
pump fluid end 22 of FIG. 2B) and a power end 12, operatively
connected via an integration section 11, within which a movable
manifold 80 is located. Movable manifold 80 is operable to provide
fluid to an interior of reciprocating element 18. A pump 10 of this
disclosure comprises an integration section 11, integrated between
pump fluid end 22 and pump power end 12, and within which movable
manifold 80 can reciprocate in conjunction with reciprocation of
reciprocating element 18, as described further hereinbelow.
[0057] As described above, the pump power end 12 is coupled to a
pump fluid end 22 having a reciprocating element bore 24, within
which a reciprocatable reciprocating element 18 reciprocates due to
the action of the power end 12, which is operatively connected to
the reciprocating element 18 and operable to reciprocate the
reciprocating element 18 in the reciprocating element bore 24 of
the pump fluid end 22. The reciprocating element 18 has a front end
60 opposite a fluid intake or tail end 62 and comprises a
peripheral wall 84 defining a hollow cylindrical body.
[0058] Integration section 11 comprises a housing 15 designed such
that the reciprocating element end 81 of movable manifold 80 can
reciprocate simultaneously with reciprocating element 18. Via
movable manifold 80, fluid can be fed to the tail end 62 of a
hollow body reciprocating element 18 from a stationary fluid
manifold 83 (also referred to as a stationary suction manifold
83).
[0059] A movable manifold 80 of this disclosure comprises a
reciprocating element end 81 and a fluid intake end 82. The
reciprocating element end 81 of the movable manifold 80 is fluidly
connected with the fluid intake end 62 of the reciprocating element
18 (comprising fluid inlet 38), whereby the reciprocating element
end 81 of the movable manifold 80 moves in a same axial direction
(e.g., in a direction indicated by arrow 116 or 117) as the
reciprocating element 18 during reciprocation of the reciprocating
element 18 in alternating directions along a path within the
reciprocating element bore 24 of the fluid end 22. The fluid intake
end 82 of the movable manifold 80 is configured for fluid coupling
with a stationary fluid manifold 83 such that fluid can be
introduced into the movable manifold 80 via the stationary fluid
manifold 83 and the fluid intake end 82 of the movable manifold 80.
In embodiments, the stationary fluid manifold 83 and movable
manifold 80 are designed and positioned (e.g., above, below, or to
the side of pump power end 12) such that, during operation of pump
10, movable manifold 80 does not contact pump power end 12.
Exemplary movable manifolds 80 will now be described with reference
to FIGS. 4, 5A-5B, 6A-6B, and 7A-7B.
[0060] In embodiments, movable manifold 80 is a flexible hose type
movable manifold. FIG. 4 is a schematic of an integration section
11 of a pump 10 comprising a flexible hose movable manifold 80A,
according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the
embodiment of FIG. 4, movable manifold 80 (FIG. 3) comprises a
flexible hose movable manifold 80A. The flexible hose movable
manifold 80A provides that, when the fluid intake end 81 thereof is
connected with the stationary fluid manifold 83, the flexible hose
91 of flexible hose movable manifold 80A maintains a curvature
between the fluid intake end 82 thereof and the reciprocating
element end 81 thereof during the reciprocation of the
reciprocating element 18 within reciprocating element bore 24. As
depicted in FIG. 4, a flexible hose 91 range of motion 85 along
central axis 17 is provided by the flexible hose 91 of flexible
hose manifold 80A allows movement of the reciprocating element end
81 of flexible hose movable manifold 80A, while fluid intake end 82
of flexible hose movable manifold 80 is fluidly coupled with
stationary fluid manifold 83 and remains stationary with reference
to central axis 17. As will be apparent to those of skill in the
art and with the help of this disclosure, by selecting an
appropriate radius of flexible hose 91, bucking, kinking, and
pinching of flexible hose 91 can be avoided, and flexible hose 91
can maintain a controlled smooth arc during pumping with pump 10.
In embodiments, an additional support (e.g., a surface upon which
the flexible hose can rest such as a "gooseneck" or other curved
support member) can be utilized along a length of flexible hose 91
to facilitate appropriate movement thereof during pumping
operations.
[0061] In embodiments, movable manifold 80 is a swivel and seal
type movable manifold. FIG. 5A is a schematic of an integration
section 11 of a pump 10 comprising a swivel and seal movable
manifold 80B, according to embodiments of the present disclosure,
with reciprocating element 18 fully retracted (e.g., crank arm 20
of a pump 10 comprising swivel and seal manifold 80B at TDC). FIG.
5B is a schematic of the integration section 11 comprising the
swivel and seal movable manifold 80B of FIG. 5A, with reciprocating
element 18 fully extended (e.g., crank arm 20 of a pump 10
comprising swivel and seal type manifold 80B at BDC). In the
embodiment of FIGS. 5A and 5B, movable manifold 80 (FIG. 3)
comprises a swivel and seal movable manifold 80B. A swivel and seal
type movable manifold, such as swivel and seal manifold 80B,
comprises a plurality of hollow rigid elements, wherein each hollow
rigid element is fluidly connected with at least one other hollow
rigid element via a swivel and seal element, with one of the hollow
rigid elements comprising the reciprocating element end 81 of the
swivel and seal movable manifold 80B and another of the plurality
of hollow rigid elements comprising the fluid intake end 82 of the
swivel and seal movable manifold 80B.
[0062] The swivel and seal movable manifold 80B of the embodiment
of FIGS. 5A and 5B comprises four hollow rigid elements (e.g.,
lengths of pipe, tubing, conduit or the like), wherein a first of
the hollow rigid elements 87A has a first end comprising the
reciprocating element end 81 of the swivel and seal movable
manifold 80B and a second end thereof rotatably connected with a
second hollow rigid element 87B via a first swivel and seal element
86A. The second hollow rigid element 87B comprises a first end
rotatably connected with the first hollow rigid element 87A and a
second end rotatably connected with a third hollow rigid element
87C via a second swivel and seal element 86B. The third hollow
rigid element 87C comprises a first end rotatably connected with
the second hollow rigid element 87B and a second end rotatably
connected with a fourth hollow rigid element 87D via a third swivel
and seal element 86C. The fourth hollow rigid element 87D comprises
a first end rotatably connected with the third hollow rigid element
87C and a second end comprising the fluid intake end 82 of the
swivel and seal movable manifold 80B. Fluid intake end 82 of
flexible hose movable manifold 80B is fluidly coupled with
stationary fluid manifold 83 and remains stationary with reference
to central axis 17.
[0063] Other swivel and seal type movable manifolds (e.g., having a
differing number of hollow rigid elements and/or swivel and seal
elements) can be envisioned by one of skill in the art with the
help of this disclosure, and are within the scope of this
disclosure.
[0064] In embodiments, movable manifold 80 is a trombone type
movable manifold. FIG. 6A is a schematic of an integration section
11 of a pump 10 comprising a trombone type movable manifold 80C,
according to embodiments of the present disclosure, with
reciprocating element 18 fully retracted (e.g., crank arm 20 of a
pump 10 comprising trombone type movable manifold 80B at TDC). FIG.
6B is a schematic of the integration section 11 comprising the
trombone type movable manifold 80C of FIG. 6A, with reciprocating
element 18 fully extended (e.g., crank arm 20 of a pump 10
comprising swivel and seal type manifold 80B at BDC). In the
embodiment of FIGS. 6A and 6B, movable manifold 80 (FIG. 3)
comprises a trombone type movable manifold 80C.
[0065] Trombone type movable manifold 80C of the embodiment of FIG.
6A and FIG. 6B comprises a first hollow rigid portion 89A (e.g., a
length of pipe, tubing, conduit or the like), a second hollow rigid
portion 89B (e.g., a length of pipe, tubing, conduit or the like),
a third hollow rigid portion 89C (e.g., a length of pipe, tubing,
conduit or the like), and a sealing element. The first hollow rigid
portion 89 comprises the reciprocating element end 81 of the
trombone type movable manifold 80C and is fluidly connected with
the second rigid hollow portion 89B via an elbow 90, whereby the
second hollow rigid portion 89B is substantially parallel with the
reciprocating element bore 24. The second hollow rigid portion 89B
is positioned within (e.g., concentric with) the third hollow rigid
portion 89C forming an annular space, and thus the outside diameter
of the second hollow rigid portion 89B is less than the inside
diameter of the third hollow rigid portion 89C such that the second
hollow rigid portion 89B can move axially parallel to central axis
17 while inside third hollow rigid portion 89C. The sealing element
is positioned in the annular space and surrounds at least a portion
of outer surface of the second hollow rigid portion 89B and the
inner surface of third hollow rigid portion 89A, and allows for
reciprocation of the second hollow rigid portion 89B along a path
within the third hollow rigid portion 89C substantially
concurrently with the reciprocation of the reciprocating element 18
in the reciprocating element bore 24. The third hollow rigid
portion 89C comprises fluid intake end 82, and fluid intake end 82
of trombone type movable manifold 80C is fluidly coupled with
stationary fluid manifold 83 and remains stationary with reference
to central axis 17. In the embodiment of trombone type movable
manifold 80C of FIGS. 6A and 6B, the sealing element can comprise a
sealing element 29B.
[0066] In embodiments, the first hollow rigid portion 89A, the
second hollow rigid portion 89B, and the elbow 90 of a trombone
type movable manifold 80C comprises a unitary body. In embodiments,
the elbow 90 defines a 90 degree angle between the first hollow
rigid portion 89A and the second hollow rigid portion 89B. Other
trombone type movable manifolds can be envisioned by one of skill
in the art with the help of this disclosure, and are within the
scope of this disclosure.
[0067] In embodiments, movable manifold 80 is a bellows type
movable manifold. FIG. 7A is a schematic of an integration section
11 of a pump 10 comprising a bellows type movable manifold 80D,
according to embodiments of the present disclosure, with
reciprocating element 18 fully retracted (e.g., crank arm 20 of a
pump 10 comprising bellows type manifold 80D at TDC). FIG. 7B is a
schematic of the integration section 11 comprising the bellows type
movable manifold 80D of FIG. 7A, with reciprocating element 18
fully extended (e.g., crank arm 20 of a pump 10 comprising bellows
type manifold 80D at BDC). In the embodiment of FIGS. 7A and 7B,
movable manifold 80 (FIG. 3) comprises a bellows type movable
manifold 80D.
[0068] Bellows type movable manifold 80D comprises a bellows 88.
Bellows 88 is fluidly connected via reciprocating element intake
end 81 to reciprocating element 18 and via fluid intake end 82 with
stationary fluid manifold 83. Other bellows type movable manifolds
comprising a bellows 88 that expands (e.g., expands and contracts
in an accordion-like fashion) can be envisioned by one of skill in
the art with the help of this disclosure, and are within the scope
of this disclosure. For example, without limitation, a bellows type
movable manifold can have a substantially uniform outer diameter
along a central axis thereof parallel to central axis 17. For
example, without limitation, a bellows 88 can be made of any
suitable material such as an elastomer, synthetic rubber, etc. of
the type that is resistant to degradation from contact with a
wellbore servicing fluid.
[0069] The reciprocating element end 81 of the movable manifold 80
(e.g., 80A, 80B, 80C, or 80D) can be fluidly connected with the
reciprocating element via any means, such that fluid can be
introduced into tail end 62 of reciprocating element 18. Similarly,
the fluid intake end 82 of the movable manifold 80 (e.g., 80A, 80B,
80C, or 80D) can be fluidly connected with the stationary fluid
manifold 83 via any means, such that fluid can be introduced into
the movable manifold from the stationary fluid manifold 83.
[0070] As noted hereinabove, in embodiments, one or more additional
components or mechanical linkages 4 (FIG. 3) are utilized to couple
the reciprocating element 18 to the pump power end 12 (e.g., to a
crank arm 20 and/or pushrod 30). For example, tail end 62 of
reciprocating element 18 can be coupled to the pump power end 12
via an adapter, a clamp, a pushrod, an extension, or a combination
thereof. In an embodiment, tail end 62 of reciprocating element 18
can be releasably coupled to the pump power end 12 via a
reciprocating element adapter that is mechanically coupled (either
directly or indirectly) with crank arm 20 (e.g., via pushrod 30) of
pump power end 12 and further releasably mechanically coupled
(e.g., via a threaded connection) with the tail end 62 of
reciprocating element 18.
[0071] In embodiments, reciprocating element 18 is coupled with a
pushrod 30 of pump power end 12 via a reciprocating element
adapter, as described, for example, in U.S. patent application Ser.
No. ______ (Atty. Docket 2019-IPM-103125 U1 US (4727-00300)), which
is being filed concurrently herewith and is entitled "Easy Change
Pump Plunger", the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated
herein in its entirety for purposes not contrary to this
disclosure. FIG. 8 is a schematic of a reciprocating element
adapter 40 coupling fluid intake end 62 of a reciprocating element
18 with a pushrod 30 of pump power end 12 and reciprocating element
end 81 of a movable manifold 80, according to embodiments of this
disclosure. In such embodiments, the one or more mechanical
linkages 4 comprise reciprocating element adapter 40. In
embodiments, the reciprocating element end 81 of the movable
manifold (e.g., movable manifold 80, flexible hose movable manifold
80A, swivel and seal movable manifold 80B, trombone type movable
manifold 80C, or bellows type movable manifold 80D) is fluidly
connected with the fluid intake end 62 of the reciprocating element
18 via an inlet port 43 of a reciprocating element adapter (also
referred to as a plunger adapter) 40. That is, in embodiments,
fluid does not flow directly from the movable manifold 80 into the
reciprocating element 18, but is introduced from the reciprocating
element end 81 of the movable manifold 80 directly into a
reciprocating element adapter 40 that is itself coupled proximate
the tail end 62 of reciprocating element 18, and the fluid further
flows from there into the reciprocating element 18. The
reciprocating element adapter 40 can be coupled to pump power end
12, such that power end 12 can operate to reciprocate reciprocating
element 18 within reciprocating element bore 24. For example, in
embodiments, such a reciprocating element adapter 40 can be coupled
(e.g., via a clamp end 42 thereof) to a connecting rod 20 (or
pushrod 30) of pump power end 12, for example, via a clamp 100. In
embodiments, such a clamp can have a first contact surface 101
perpendicular to a central axis (e.g. central axis 17) of the clamp
100 and a second contact surface 102 tapered relative to a central
axis (e.g., central axis 17) of the clamp 100 and fixedly couple
the reciprocating element adapter 40 and the pushrod 30 via contact
of the first contact surface 101 of the clamp 100 with a portion of
the reciprocating element adapter 40 and contact of the second
contact surface 102 of the clamp 100 with a portion of the pushrod
30.
[0072] In embodiments, the reciprocating element end 41 of the
reciprocating element adapter 40 and the fluid intake end 62 of the
reciprocating element 18 are threaded, whereby the fluid intake end
62 of the reciprocating element 18 can be threadably coupled with
the reciprocating element end 41 of the reciprocating element
adapter 40. In embodiments, the reciprocating element end 41 of the
reciprocating element adapter 40 and the fluid intake end 62 of the
reciprocating element 18 comprise tapered threads. In alternative
embodiments, the reciprocating element end 41 of the reciprocating
element adapter 40 and the fluid intake end 62 of the reciprocating
element 18 comprise straight threads. In alternative embodiments,
the reciprocating element adapter is an integral part of the
reciprocating element 18 or the pushrod 30 (e.g., the reciprocating
element 18 and the pushrod 30 can be coupled directly together). In
such embodiments, fluid intake end 62 of reciprocating element 18
can comprise an inlet port whereby fluid can be introduced directly
into fluid intake end 62 of reciprocating element 18 via
reciprocating element end 81 of movable manifold 80. In other
embodiments, the reciprocating element 18 can be coupled with the
reciprocating element end 41 of the reciprocating element adapter
40 via a bolted flange or some type of quick connect, such as, for
example, a hose barb, or the like.
[0073] As noted hereinabove, pump 10 of this disclosure can further
comprise a primary reciprocating element packing 29 within pump
fluid end 22, wherein the reciprocating element packing seals a
space between a wall of the reciprocating element bore 24 and an
outside of the peripheral wall 84 of the reciprocating element 18,
providing a high pressure pump chamber 28 extending in an axial
direction toward the front end 60 of the reciprocating element 18
from the reciprocating element packing 29. According to this
disclosure, and contrary to conventional hollow reciprocating
element 18 pump fluid end 22 embodiments, during operation of the
pump 10, an outside of the peripheral wall 84 of a portion of the
reciprocating element 18 is positioned outside the high pressure
chamber 28 (e.g., positioned external to the primary reciprocating
element packing 29 and extending from the pump fluid end 22 outward
into the integration section 11) and does not contact a fluid being
pumped by the pump 10. Thus, during operation of pump 10 of this
disclosure, an outside of the peripheral wall 84 of a portion of
the reciprocating element 18 positioned outside the high pressure
chamber 28 does not contact a fluid being pumped by pump 10.
[0074] In embodiments, pump fluid end 22 comprises a packing
assembly, such that packing 29, a packing carrier, and a packing
screw can be removed from back S2 of pump fluid end 22 when
crankshaft 16 is at TDC, as described, for example, in U.S. patent
application Ser. No. ______ (Atty. Docket 2019-IPM-103199 U1 US
(4727-01400)), which is being filed concurrently herewith and is
entitled "Pump Fluid End with Positional Indifference for
Maintenance", the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein
in its entirety for purposes not contrary to this disclosure.
[0075] As depicted in FIGS. 2, 4, 6A, and 6B, pump 10 can further
comprises a suction valve assembly 56 coupled with (e.g., located
at least partially within the front end 60 of) reciprocating
element 18 and a discharge valve assembly 72 located at an end of
the reciprocating element bore 24 distal the pump power end 12. In
embodiments, discharge valve assembly 72 and/or suction valve
assembly 56 comprises a valve assembly having a valve guide, as
described, for example, in patent application Ser. No. ______
(Atty. Docket 2019-IPM-103176 U1 US (4727-00800)), which is being
filed concurrently herewith and is entitled "Valve Assembly for a
Fluid End with Limited Access", the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated herein in its entirety for purposes not contrary to
this disclosure. In embodiments, a discharge valve seat of
discharge valve assembly 72 and/or a suction valve seat of suction
valve assembly 56 is a valve seat with supplemental retention, as
described, for example, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______
(Atty. Docket 2019-IPM-103133 U1 US (4727-00400)), which is being
filed concurrently herewith and is entitled "Pump Valve Seat with
Supplemental Retention", the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated herein in its entirety for purposes not contrary to
this disclosure. In embodiments, pump fluid end 22 is a pump fluid
end 22 with an easy access suction valve, as described, for
example, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. ________ (Atty. Docket
2019-IPM-103043 U1 US (4727-00200)), which is being filed
concurrently herewith and is entitled "Pump Fluid End with Easy
Access Suction Valve", the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated herein in its entirety for purposes not contrary to
this disclosure.
[0076] Pump 10 can be a multiplex pump comprising a plurality of
reciprocating elements 18, and a corresponding plurality of
reciprocating element bores 24, suction valve assemblies 56,
discharge valve assemblies 72, and movable manifolds 80 (which can
be any type of movable manifold described herein). The plurality
can comprise any number such as, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or
more. For example, in embodiments, pump 10 is a triplex pump,
wherein the plurality comprises three. In alternative embodiments,
pump 10 comprises a quintuplex pump, wherein the plurality
comprises five.
[0077] Also disclosed herein is a method of servicing a pump 10 of
this disclosure. According to this disclosure, a method of
servicing a pump 10 of this disclosure comprises accessing the
(primary) reciprocating element packing 29 that prevents fluid from
leaking out of high pressure chamber 28. Via this disclosure,
accessing the primary packing 29 is not complicated by (e.g.,
access to the primary packing 29 is not limited by) the presence of
a second set of (e.g., lower pressure) packing associated with a
low pressure chamber of the suction manifold (e.g., a lower
pressure chamber of the suction manifold that is located in the
integration section 11 and contains a portion of the reciprocating
element (e.g., a slotted portion thereof) in a flooded state
surrounded by the wellbore servicing fluid being pumped such that
the fluid may flow through the slots into the hollow cylinder
(e.g., bore) of the reciprocating element 18 and pass into pump
chamber 28 via suction valve assembly 56), such as conventionally
utilized to feed fluid into a hollow reciprocating element of a
pump fluid end 22 design, as no such low pressure fluid chamber
external reciprocating element 18 or secondary set of packing is
utilized for pumping via a pump 10 of this disclosure (and thus the
integration section 11 is not obstructed thereby and remains easily
accessible such that maintenance can be performed on primary
packing 29). In embodiments, accessing the reciprocating element
packing 29 comprises accessing the reciprocating element packing 29
via the integration section 11. In embodiments, the ease of
accessing the high pressure chamber 28 provided via this disclosure
facilitates maintenance associated with changes of valve components
(e.g., of suction valve assembly 56 and/or discharge valve assembly
72).
[0078] In embodiments, a method of servicing a pump 10 according to
this disclosure comprises: disconnecting movable manifold 80 of the
pump 10 from reciprocating element 18 of pump 10, removing
reciprocating element 18 from pump, accessing and/or servicing
primary reciprocating element packing 29 of pump 10 via integration
space 11 located between pump fluid end 22 of pump 10 and pump
power end 12 of pump 10, and reconnecting movable manifold 80 with
the or another reciprocating element 18. In embodiments, prior to
servicing, the reciprocating element 18 is coupled to the movable
manifold 80 and to a pushrod 30 of the power end 12 of the pump 10
via a reciprocating element adapter 40, and disconnecting the
movable manifold 80 of the pump 10 from the reciprocating element
18 of the pump 10 comprises decoupling the reciprocating element 18
from the reciprocating element adapter 40. As noted above, in
embodiments, the reciprocating element 18 is threadably coupled to
the reciprocating element adapter 40, and removing the
reciprocating element 18 from the pump 10 further comprises
unthreading the reciprocating element 18 from the reciprocating
element adapter 40, and reconnecting the movable manifold 80 with
the or another reciprocating element 18 comprises rethreading the
or the another reciprocating element 18 with the reciprocating
element adapter 40.
[0079] In embodiments, removing the reciprocating element 18 from
the pump 10 comprises removing the reciprocating element 18 via
front S1 of pump fluid end 22 distal pump power end 12 of pump 10.
In embodiments, reciprocating element 18 comprises tool engagement
features on front 60 thereof, whereby reciprocating element 18 can
be removed from pump fluid end 22 by engaging a tool with the
engagement features, as described, for example, in U.S. patent
application Ser. No. ______ (Atty. Docket 2019-IPM-103177 U1 US
(4727-00900)), which is being filed concurrently herewith and is
entitled "Pump Plunger with Wrench Features", the disclosure of
which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety for purposes
not contrary to this disclosure.
[0080] Also disclosed herein are a method of servicing a wellbore
and a wellbore servicing system 200 comprising a pump of this
disclosure. An embodiment of a wellbore servicing system 200 and a
method of servicing a wellbore via the wellbore servicing system
200 will now be described with reference to FIG. 9, which is a
schematic representation of an embodiment of a wellbore servicing
system 200, according to embodiments of this disclosure.
[0081] A method of servicing a wellbore 224 according to this
disclosure comprises fluidly coupling a pump 10 of this disclosure
to a source of a wellbore servicing fluid and to the wellbore, and
communicating wellbore servicing fluid into the wellbore via the
pump. The method can further comprise discontinuing the
communicating of the wellbore servicing fluid into the wellbore via
the pump, subjecting the pump to maintenance to provide a
maintained pump, and communicating the or another wellbore
servicing fluid into the wellbore via the maintained pump.
Subjecting the pump to maintenance can comprise servicing the pump
10, as described hereinabove.
[0082] In embodiments, a method of servicing a wellbore 224
according to this disclosure comprises fluidly coupling pump 10 to
a source of a wellbore servicing fluid and to the wellbore 224,
and, on a suction stroke of the pump 10 in which the reciprocating
element 18 and the fluid intake end 81 of the movable manifold 80
move in an axial direction 116 toward the pump power end 12 of the
pump 10, flowing wellbore servicing fluid from the stationary fluid
manifold 83, through the movable manifold 80, and into the pump
fluid end 22 via the fluid intake end 62 of the hollow cylindrical
reciprocating element 18, and, on a discharge stroke of the pump 10
in which the reciprocating element 18 and the fluid intake end 81
of the movable manifold 80 move in an axial direction 117 away from
the pump power end 12 of the pump 10, discharging wellbore
servicing fluid from the pump fluid end 22 via the discharge outlet
54 of the pump 10, whereby the discharged wellbore servicing fluid
is introduced into the wellbore 224.
[0083] It will be appreciated that the wellbore servicing system
200 disclosed herein can be used for any purpose. In embodiments,
the wellbore servicing system 200 may be used to service a wellbore
224 that penetrates a subterranean formation by pumping a wellbore
servicing fluid into the wellbore and/or subterranean formation. As
used herein, a "wellbore servicing fluid" or "servicing fluid"
refers to a fluid used to drill, complete, work over, fracture,
repair, or in any way prepare a well bore for the recovery of
materials residing in a subterranean formation penetrated by the
well bore. It is to be understood that "subterranean formation"
encompasses both areas below exposed earth and areas below earth
covered by water such as ocean or fresh water. Examples of
servicing fluids suitable for use as the wellbore servicing fluid,
the another wellbore servicing fluid, or both include, but are not
limited to, cementitious fluids (e.g., cement slurries), drilling
fluids or muds, spacer fluids, fracturing fluids or completion
fluids, and gravel pack fluids, remedial fluids, perforating
fluids, sealants, drilling fluids, completion fluids, gelation
fluids, polymeric fluids, aqueous fluids, oleaginous fluids,
etc.
[0084] In embodiments, the wellbore servicing system 200 comprises
one or more pumps 10 operable to perform oilfield and/or well
servicing operations. Such operations may include, but are not
limited to, drilling operations, fracturing operations, perforating
operations, fluid loss operations, primary cementing operations,
secondary or remedial cementing operations, or any combination of
operations thereof. Although a wellbore servicing system is
illustrated, skilled artisans will readily appreciate that the pump
10 disclosed herein may be employed in any suitable operation.
[0085] In embodiments, the wellbore servicing system 200 may be a
system such as a fracturing spread for fracturing wells in a
hydrocarbon-containing reservoir. In fracturing operations,
wellbore servicing fluids, such as particle laden fluids, are
pumped at high-pressure into a wellbore. The particle laden fluids
may then be introduced into a portion of a subterranean formation
at a sufficient pressure and velocity to cut a casing and/or create
perforation tunnels and fractures within the subterranean
formation. Proppants, such as grains of sand, are mixed with the
wellbore servicing fluid to keep the fractures open so that
hydrocarbons may be produced from the subterranean formation and
flow into the wellbore. Hydraulic fracturing may desirably create
high-conductivity fluid communication between the wellbore and the
subterranean formation.
[0086] The wellbore servicing system 200 comprises a blender 202
that is coupled to a wellbore services manifold trailer 204 via
flowline 206. As used herein, the term "wellbore services manifold
trailer" includes a truck and/or trailer comprising one or more
manifolds for receiving, organizing, and/or distributing wellbore
servicing fluids during wellbore servicing operations. In this
embodiment, the wellbore services manifold trailer 204 is coupled
to six positive displacement pumps (e.g., such as pump 10 that may
be mounted to a trailer and transported to the wellsite via a
semi-tractor) via outlet flowlines 208 and inlet flowlines 210. In
alternative embodiments, however, there may be more or less pumps
used in a wellbore servicing operation. Outlet flowlines 208 are
outlet lines from the wellbore services manifold trailer 204 that
supply fluid to the pumps 10. Inlet flowlines 210 are inlet lines
from the pumps 10 that supply fluid to the wellbore services
manifold trailer 204.
[0087] The blender 202 mixes solid and fluid components to achieve
a well-blended wellbore servicing fluid. As depicted, sand or
proppant 212, water 214, and additives 216 are fed into the blender
202 via feedlines 218, 220, and 212, respectively. The water 214
may be potable, non-potable, untreated, partially treated, or
treated water. In embodiments, the water 214 may be produced water
that has been extracted from the wellbore while producing
hydrocarbons form the wellbore. The produced water may comprise
dissolved and/or entrained organic materials, salts, minerals,
paraffins, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes, and/or other natural or
synthetic constituents that are displaced from a hydrocarbon
formation during the production of the hydrocarbons. In
embodiments, the water 214 may be flowback water that has
previously been introduced into the wellbore during wellbore
servicing operation. The flowback water may comprise some
hydrocarbons, gelling agents, friction reducers, surfactants and/or
remnants of wellbore servicing fluids previously introduced into
the wellbore during wellbore servicing operations.
[0088] The water 214 may further comprise local surface water
contained in natural and/or manmade water features (such as
ditches, ponds, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.). Still further, the
water 214 may comprise water stored in local or remote containers.
The water 214 may be water that originated from near the wellbore
and/or may be water that has been transported to an area near the
wellbore from any distance. In some embodiments, the water 214 may
comprise any combination of produced water, flowback water, local
surface water, and/or container stored water. In some
implementations, water may be substituted by nitrogen or carbon
dioxide; some in a foaming condition.
[0089] In embodiments, the blender 202 may be an Advanced Dry
Polymer (ADP) blender and the additives 216 are dry blended and dry
fed into the blender 202. In alternative embodiments, however,
additives may be pre-blended with water using other suitable
blenders, such as, but not limited to, a GEL PRO blender, which is
a commercially available preblender trailer from Halliburton Energy
Services, Inc., to form a liquid gel concentrate that may be fed
into the blender 202. The mixing conditions of the blender 202,
including time period, agitation method, pressure, and temperature
of the blender 202, may be chosen by one of ordinary skill in the
art with the aid of this disclosure to produce a homogeneous blend
having a desirable composition, density, and viscosity. In
alternative embodiments, however, sand or proppant, water, and
additives may be premixed and/or stored in a storage tank before
entering a wellbore services manifold trailer 204.
[0090] In embodiments, the pump(s) 10 (e.g., pump(s) 10 and/or
maintained pump(s) 10) pressurize the wellbore servicing fluid to a
pressure suitable for delivery into a wellbore 224 or wellhead. For
example, the pumps 10 may increase the pressure of the wellbore
servicing fluid (e.g., the wellbore servicing fluid and/or the
another wellbore servicing fluid) to a pressure of greater than or
equal to about 10,000 psi, 20,000 psi, 30,000 psi, 40,000 psi, or
50,000 psi, or higher.
[0091] From the pumps 10, the wellbore servicing fluid may reenter
the wellbore services manifold trailer 204 via inlet flowlines 210
and be combined so that the wellbore servicing fluid may have a
total fluid flow rate that exits from the wellbore services
manifold trailer 204 through flowline 226 to the flow connector
wellbore 1128 of between about 1 BPM to about 200 BPM,
alternatively from between about 50 BPM to about 150 BPM,
alternatively about 100 BPM. in embodiments, each of one or more
pumps 10 discharge wellbore servicing fluid at a fluid flow rate of
between about 1 BPM to about 200 BPM, alternatively from between
about 50 BPM to about 150 BPM, alternatively about 100 BPM. Persons
of ordinary skill in the art with the aid of this disclosure will
appreciate that the flowlines described herein are piping that are
connected together for example via flanges, collars, welds, etc.
These flowlines may include various configurations of pipe tees,
elbows, and the like. These flowlines connect together the various
wellbore servicing fluid process equipment described herein.
[0092] Also disclosed herein are methods for servicing a wellbore
(e.g., wellbore 224). Without limitation, servicing the wellbore
may include: positioning the wellbore servicing composition in the
wellbore 224 (e.g., via one or more pumps 10 as described herein)
to isolate the subterranean formation from a portion of the
wellbore; to support a conduit in the wellbore; to plug a void or
crack in the conduit; to plug a void or crack in a cement sheath
disposed in an annulus of the wellbore; to plug a perforation; to
plug an opening between the cement sheath and the conduit; to
prevent the loss of aqueous or nonaqueous drilling fluids into loss
circulation zones such as a void, vugular zone, or fracture; to
plug a well for abandonment purposes; to divert treatment fluids;
and/or to seal an annulus between the wellbore and an expandable
pipe or pipe string. In other embodiments, the wellbore servicing
systems and methods may be employed in well completion operations
such as primary and secondary cementing operation to isolate the
subterranean formation from a different portion of the
wellbore.
[0093] In embodiments, a wellbore servicing method may comprise
transporting a positive displacement pump (e.g., pump 10) to a site
for performing a servicing operation. Additionally or
alternatively, one or more pumps may be situated on a suitable
structural support. Non-limiting examples of a suitable structural
support or supports include a trailer, truck, skid, barge or
combinations thereof. In embodiments, a motor or other power source
for a pump may be situated on a common structural support.
[0094] In embodiments, a wellbore servicing method may comprise
providing a source for a wellbore servicing fluid. As described
above, the wellbore servicing fluid may comprise any suitable fluid
or combinations of fluid as may be appropriate based upon the
servicing operation being performed. Non-limiting examples of
suitable wellbore servicing fluid include a fracturing fluid (e.g.,
a particle laden fluid, as described herein), a perforating fluid,
a cementitious fluid, a sealant, a remedial fluid, a drilling fluid
(e.g., mud), a spacer fluid, a gelation fluid, a polymeric fluid,
an aqueous fluid, an oleaginous fluid, an emulsion, various other
wellbore servicing fluid as will be appreciated by one of skill in
the art with the aid of this disclosure, and combinations thereof.
The wellbore servicing fluid may be prepared on-site (e.g., via the
operation of one or more blenders) or, alternatively, transported
to the site of the servicing operation.
[0095] In embodiments, a wellbore servicing method may comprise
fluidly coupling a pump 10 to the wellbore servicing fluid source.
As such, wellbore servicing fluid may be drawn into and emitted
from the pump 10. Additionally or alternatively, a portion of a
wellbore servicing fluid placed in a wellbore 224 may be recycled,
i.e., mixed with the water stream obtained from a water source and
treated in fluid treatment system. Furthermore, a wellbore
servicing method may comprise conveying the wellbore servicing
fluid from its source to the wellbore via the operation of the pump
10 disclosed herein.
[0096] In alternative embodiments, the reciprocating apparatus may
comprise a compressor. In embodiments, a compressor similar to the
pump 10 may comprise at least one each of a cylinder, plunger,
connecting rod, crankshaft, and housing, and may be coupled to a
motor. In embodiments, such a compressor may be similar in form to
a pump and may be configured to compress a compressible fluid
(e.g., a gas) and thereby increase the pressure of the compressible
fluid. For example, a compressor may be configured to direct the
discharge therefrom to a chamber or vessel that collects the
compressible fluid from the discharge of the compressor until a
predetermined pressure is built up in the chamber. Generally, a
pressure sensing device may be arranged and configured to monitor
the pressure as it builds up in the chamber and to interact with
the compressor when a predetermined pressure is reached. At that
point, the compressor may either be shut off, or alternatively the
discharge may be directed to another chamber for continued
operation.
[0097] In embodiments, a reciprocating apparatus comprises an
internal combustion engine, hereinafter referred to as an engine.
Such engines are also well known, and typically include at least
one each of a plunger, cylinder, connecting rod, and crankshaft.
The arrangement of these components is substantially the same in an
engine and a pump (e.g. pump 10). A reciprocating element 18 such
as a plunger may be similarly arranged to move in reciprocating
fashion within the cylinder. Skilled artisans will appreciate that
operation of an engine may somewhat differ from that of a pump. In
a pump, rotational power is generally applied to a crankshaft
acting on the plunger via the connecting rod, whereas in an engine,
rotational power generally results from a force (e.g., an internal
combustion) exerted on or against the plunger, which acts against
the crankshaft via the connecting rod.
[0098] For example, in a typical 4-stroke engine, arbitrarily
beginning with the exhaust stroke, the plunger is fully extended
during the exhaust stroke, (e.g., minimizing the internal volume of
the cylinder). The plunger may then be retracted by inertia or
other forces of the engine componentry during the intake stroke. As
the plunger retracts within the cylinder, the internal volume of
cylinder increases, creating a low pressure within the cylinder
into which an air/fuel mixture is drawn. When the plunger is fully
retracted within the cylinder, the intake stroke is complete, and
the cylinder is substantially filled with the air/fuel mixture. As
the crankshaft continues to rotate, the plunger may then be
extended, during the compression stroke, into the cylinder
compressing the air-fuel mixture within the cylinder to a higher
pressure.
[0099] A spark plug may be provided to ignite the fuel at a
predetermined point in the compression stroke. This ignition
increases the temperature and pressure within the cylinder
substantially and rapidly. In a diesel engine, however, the spark
plug may be omitted, as the heat of compression derived from the
high compression ratios associated with diesel engines suffices to
provide spontaneous combustion of the air-fuel mixture. In either
case, the heat and pressure act forcibly against the plunger and
cause it to retract back into the cylinder during the power cycle
at a substantial force, which may then be exerted on the connecting
rod, and thereby on to the crankshaft.
[0100] Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate
various benefits that may be realized by the present disclosure.
For instance, in embodiments, the herein disclosed pump fluid end
22 design comprising hollow reciprocating element 18 fluidly
coupled with a movable manifold 80 as described herein can provide
for a reduction in maintenance time, a reduction in fluid end 22
cost, an increase in fluid end 22 lifetime, a reduction in pump
fluid end 22 weight, and/or a reduced reciprocating element packing
29 replacement time of at least 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50% relative to
a pump fluid end not comprising such a movable manifold 80. A
reduction in pump fluid end 22 maintenance and/or assembly time
reduces exposure of workers performing the maintenance (and thus
potentially enhances safety) and also reduces non-productive time
on location. In embodiments, the herein disclosed design enables
the use of a fluid end 22 which does not have a cross-bore that
houses the suction valve of suction valve assembly 56 and discharge
valve of discharge valve assembly 72. According to this disclosure,
the suction and discharge valves can be arranged in a concentric
manner in line, and the suction valve can be mounted on the moving
reciprocating element 18.
ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE
[0101] The following are non-limiting, specific embodiments in
accordance with the present disclosure:
[0102] Embodiment A: A pump comprising: a pump fluid end having a
reciprocating element bore; a reciprocating element having a front
end opposite a fluid intake end and comprising a peripheral wall
defining a hollow cylindrical body; a movable manifold comprising a
reciprocating element end and a fluid intake end, wherein the
reciprocating element end of the movable manifold is fluidly
connected with the fluid intake end of the reciprocating element,
whereby the reciprocating element end of the movable manifold moves
in a same axial direction as the reciprocating element during
reciprocation of the reciprocating element in alternating
directions along a path within the reciprocating element bore of
the pump fluid end, and wherein the fluid intake end of the movable
manifold is configured for fluid coupling with a stationary fluid
manifold such that fluid can be introduced into the movable
manifold via the stationary fluid manifold and the fluid intake end
of the movable manifold; and a power end operatively connected to
the reciprocating element and operable to reciprocate the
reciprocating element in the reciprocating element bore of the pump
fluid end.
[0103] Embodiment B: The pump of Embodiment A, wherein the pump is
a high-pressure pump configured to operate at a pressure greater
than or equal to about 3,000, 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000, or
50,000 psi and/or in a well servicing operation and
environment.
[0104] Embodiment C: The pump of Embodiment A or Embodiment B,
wherein the movable manifold comprises a flexible hose.
[0105] Embodiment D: The pump of Embodiment C, wherein the flexible
hose provides that, when the fluid intake end thereof is connected
with the stationary manifold, the hose maintains a curvature
between the fluid intake end thereof and the reciprocating element
end thereof during the reciprocation of the reciprocating
element.
[0106] Embodiment E: The pump of Embodiment A or Embodiment B,
wherein the movable manifold comprises a plurality of swivel and
seal elements, each of the plurality of swivel and seal elements
comprising a hollow rigid element fluidly connected with a hollow
rigid element of at least one other of the plurality of swivel and
seal elements via a swivel and a seal, with one of the plurality of
swivel and seal elements comprising the reciprocating element end
of the movable manifold and another of the plurality of swivel and
seal elements comprising the fluid intake end of the movable
manifold.
[0107] Embodiment F: The pump of claim Embodiment E, comprising
four swivel and seal elements, wherein a first of the swivel and
seal elements comprises a first hollow rigid element comprising a
first end comprising the reciprocating element end of the movable
manifold and a second end rotatably connected with a second hollow
rigid element of a second swivel and seal element via a first
swivel and a first seal, wherein the second hollow rigid element of
the second swivel and seal element comprises a first end rotatably
connected with the first hollow rigid element and a second end
rotatably connected with a third hollow rigid element of a third
swivel and seal element via a second swivel and a second seal,
wherein the third hollow rigid element of the third swivel and seal
element comprises a first end rotatably connected with the second
swivel and seal element and a second end rotatably connected with a
fourth hollow rigid element of a fourth swivel and seal element via
a third swivel and a third seal, and wherein the fourth hollow
rigid element of the fourth swivel and seal element comprises a
first end rotatably connected with the third swivel and seal
element and a second end comprising the fluid intake end of the
movable manifold.
[0108] Embodiment G: The pump of Embodiment A or Embodiment B,
wherein the movable manifold comprises a first hollow rigid
portion, a second hollow rigid portion, and a sealing element
wherein the first hollow rigid portion comprises the reciprocating
element end of the movable manifold and is fluidly connected with
the second rigid hollow portion via an elbow, whereby the second
hollow rigid portion is substantially parallel with the
reciprocating element bore, and wherein the sealing element
surrounds at least a portion of the second hollow rigid portion and
allows for reciprocation of the second hollow rigid portion along a
path within the sealing element substantially concurrently with the
reciprocation of the reciprocating element in the reciprocating
element bore.
[0109] Embodiment H: The pump of Embodiment G, wherein the sealing
element comprises a third hollow rigid element, wherein the third
hollow rigid element has an inside diameter greater than an outside
diameter of the second hollow rigid element.
[0110] Embodiment I: The pump of Embodiment G or Embodiment H,
wherein the movable manifold comprises a unitary body including the
first hollow rigid portion, the second hollow rigid portion, and
the elbow.
[0111] Embodiment J: The pump of any of Embodiment G through
Embodiment I, wherein the elbow defines a 90 degree angle between
the first hollow rigid portion and the second hollow rigid
portion.
[0112] Embodiment K: The pump of Embodiment A or Embodiment B,
wherein the movable manifold comprises a bellows.
[0113] Embodiment L: The pump of any of Embodiment A through
Embodiment K, wherein the pump comprises a reciprocating element
packing within the pump fluid end, wherein the reciprocating
element packing seals a space between a wall of the reciprocating
element bore and an outside of the peripheral wall of the
reciprocating element, providing a high pressure chamber extending
in an axial direction toward the front end of the reciprocating
element from the reciprocating element packing, and wherein, during
operation of the pump, an outside of the peripheral wall of a
portion of the reciprocating element outside the high pressure
chamber does not contact a fluid being pumped by the pump.
[0114] Embodiment M: The pump of any of Embodiment A through
Embodiment L further comprising a suction valve assembly located at
least partially within the front end of the reciprocating element
and a discharge valve assembly located at an end of the
reciprocating element bore distal the power end, and wherein the
pump is a multiplex pump comprising a plurality of reciprocating
elements, and a corresponding plurality of reciprocating element
bores, suction valve assemblies, discharge valve assemblies, and
movable manifolds.
[0115] Embodiment N: The pump of Embodiment M, wherein the pump is
a triplex pump, wherein the plurality comprises three, or a
quintuplex pump, wherein the plurality comprises five.
[0116] Embodiment O: A method of servicing the pump of any of
Embodiment A through Embodiment N, the method comprising: accessing
a reciprocating element packing associated with the reciprocating
element and located within the pump fluid end, wherein the
reciprocating element packing seals a space between a wall of the
reciprocating element bore and an outside of the peripheral wall of
the reciprocating element, providing a high pressure chamber
extending in an axial direction toward the front end of the
reciprocating element from the reciprocating element packing, and
wherein, during operation of the pump, an outside of the peripheral
wall of a portion of the reciprocating element outside the high
pressure chamber does not contact a fluid being pumped by the
pump.
[0117] Embodiment P: A method of servicing a wellbore, the method
comprising: fluidly coupling a pump to a source of a wellbore
servicing fluid and to the wellbore, wherein the pump comprises: a
pump fluid end comprising a reciprocating element bore; a
reciprocatable reciprocating element having a front end opposite a
fluid intake end and comprising a peripheral wall defining a hollow
cylindrical body; a movable manifold comprising a reciprocating
element end and a fluid intake end, wherein the reciprocating
element end of the movable manifold is fluidly connected with the
fluid intake end of the reciprocating element, whereby the
reciprocating element end of the movable manifold moves in a same
axial direction as the reciprocating element during reciprocation
of the reciprocating element in alternating directions along a path
within the reciprocating element bore of the pump fluid end, and
wherein the fluid intake end of the movable manifold is configured
for fluid coupling with a stationary fluid manifold such that fluid
can be introduced into the movable manifold via the stationary
fluid manifold and the fluid intake end of the movable manifold;
and a power end operatively connected to the reciprocating element
and operable to reciprocate the reciprocating element in the
reciprocating element bore of the pump fluid end; and communicating
wellbore servicing fluid into the wellbore via the pump.
[0118] Embodiment Q: The method of Embodiment P further comprising:
discontinuing the communicating of the wellbore servicing fluid
into the wellbore via the pump; and subjecting the pump to
maintenance to provide a maintained pump, wherein subjecting the
pump to maintenance comprises accessing a reciprocating element
packing associated with the reciprocating element and located
within the pump fluid end, wherein the reciprocating element
packing seals a space between a wall of the reciprocating element
bore and an outside of the peripheral wall of the reciprocating
element, providing a high pressure chamber extending in an axial
direction toward the front end of the reciprocating element from
the reciprocating element packing, such that, during operation of
the pump, an outside of the peripheral wall of a portion of the
reciprocating element outside the high pressure chamber does not
contact a fluid being pumped by the pump; and communicating the or
another wellbore servicing fluid into the wellbore via the
maintained pump.
[0119] Embodiment R: The method of Embodiment Q, wherein the pump
comprises an integration section located in a space between the
pump fluid end and the power end, wherein the movable manifold is
located in the integration section, and wherein accessing the
reciprocating element packing comprises accessing the reciprocating
element packing via the integration section.
[0120] Embodiment S: The method of any of Embodiment P through
Embodiment R, wherein the wellbore servicing fluid, the another
wellbore servicing fluid, or both the wellbore servicing fluid and
the another wellbore servicing fluid comprise a fracturing fluid, a
cementitious fluid, a remedial fluid, a perforating fluid, a
sealant, a drilling fluid, a spacer fluid, a completion fluid, a
gravel pack fluid, a gelation fluid, a polymeric fluid, an aqueous
fluid, an oleaginous fluid, or a combination thereof.
[0121] Embodiment T: The method of any of Embodiment P through
Embodiment S, wherein the pump or the maintained pump operates
during the pumping of the wellbore servicing fluid or the another
wellbore servicing fluid at a pressure of greater than or equal to
about 3,000 psi, 5,000 psi, 10,000 psi, 20,000 psi, 30,000 psi,
40,000 psi, or 50,000 psi.
[0122] Embodiment U: The method of any of Embodiment P through
Embodiment T, wherein the pump or the maintained pump operates
during the pumping of the wellbore servicing fluid or the another
wellbore servicing fluid at a volumetric flow rate of flow rate of
greater than or equal to about 3, 10, 20, or 30 barrels per minute
(BPM), or in a range of from about 3 to about 30, from about 3 to
about 20, from about 10 to about 20, or from about 5 to about 20
BPM.
[0123] Embodiment V: A method of servicing a wellbore, the method
comprising: fluidly coupling a pump to a source of a wellbore
servicing fluid and to the wellbore, wherein the pump comprises: a
pump fluid end comprising a reciprocating element bore; a
reciprocatable reciprocating element having a front end opposite a
fluid intake end and comprising a peripheral wall defining a hollow
cylindrical body; a movable manifold comprising a reciprocating
element end and a fluid intake end, wherein the reciprocating
element end of the movable manifold is fluidly connected with the
fluid intake end of the reciprocating element, whereby the
reciprocating element end of the movable manifold moves in a same
axial direction as the reciprocating element during reciprocation
of the reciprocating element in alternating directions along a path
within the reciprocating element bore of the pump fluid end, and
wherein the fluid intake end of the movable manifold is configured
for fluid coupling with a stationary fluid manifold such that fluid
can be introduced into the movable manifold via the stationary
fluid manifold and the fluid intake end of the movable manifold;
and a power end operatively connected to the reciprocating element
and operable to reciprocate the reciprocating element in the
reciprocating element bore of the pump fluid end; and on a suction
stroke of the pump in which the reciprocating element and the fluid
intake end of the movable manifold move in an axial direction
toward the power end of the pump, flowing wellbore servicing fluid
from the stationary fluid manifold, through the movable manifold,
and into the pump fluid end via the fluid intake end of the hollow
cylindrical reciprocating element; and on a discharge stroke of the
pump in which the reciprocating element and the fluid intake end of
the movable manifold move in an axial direction away from the power
end of the pump, discharging wellbore servicing fluid from the pump
fluid end via a discharge outlet of the pump, whereby the
discharged wellbore servicing fluid is introduced into the
wellbore.
[0124] Embodiment W: A method of servicing a pump, the method
comprising: disconnecting a movable manifold of the pump from a
reciprocating element of the pump; removing the reciprocating
element from the pump; accessing and/or servicing a primary
reciprocating element packing of the pump via an integration space
located between a fluid end of the pump and a power end of the
pump; and reconnecting the movable manifold with the or another
reciprocating element.
[0125] Embodiment X: The method of Embodiment W, wherein, prior to
servicing, the reciprocating element is coupled to the movable
manifold and to a pushrod of the power end of the pump via a
reciprocating element adapter, and wherein disconnecting the
movable manifold of the pump from the reciprocating element of the
pump further comprises decoupling the reciprocating element from
the reciprocating element adapter.
[0126] Embodiment Y: The method of Embodiment W or Embodiment X,
wherein, prior to servicing, the reciprocating element is
threadably coupled to the reciprocating element adapter, wherein
removing the reciprocating element from the pump further comprises
unthreading the reciprocating element from the reciprocating
element adapter, and wherein reconnecting the movable manifold with
the or another reciprocating element further comprises rethreading
the or the another reciprocating element with the reciprocating
element adapter.
[0127] Embodiment Z: The method of any of Embodiment W through
Embodiment Y, wherein removing the reciprocating element from the
pump comprises removing the reciprocating element via a front of
the fluid end distal the power end of the pump.
[0128] Embodiment Z1: The pump of any of Embodiment A through
Embodiment N, wherein the pump fluid end is a concentric bore pump
fluid end or a cross-bore (e.g., a T-bore) pump fluid end.
[0129] Embodiment Z2: Any one of the prior Embodiments, wherein the
pump comprises a concentric bore pump fluid end or a cross-bore
(e.g., a T-bore) pump fluid end.
[0130] Embodiment Z3: A method comprising flowing a wellbore
servicing fluid from a source thereof through a conduit in fluid
communication with a hollow portion of a reciprocating pump
plunger, wherein the conduit reciprocates (e.g., travels back and
forth a distance in an axial direction) concurrent with
reciprocation of the pump plunger (e.g., having a central axis in a
direction of reciprocation thereof).
[0131] Embodiment Z4: The method of embodiment Z3 wherein the
conduit expands and contracts a distance about equal to the
distance the conduit travels back and forth in the axial
direction.
[0132] Embodiment Z5: The method of embodiment Z3 wherein the
conduit comprises a flexible material such as rubber or an
elastomer that allows for reciprocation of the conduit.
[0133] While embodiments have been shown and described,
modifications thereof can be made by one skilled in the art without
departing from the spirit and teachings of this disclosure. The
embodiments described herein are exemplary only, and are not
intended to be limiting. Many variations and modifications of the
embodiments disclosed herein are possible and are within the scope
of this disclosure. Where numerical ranges or limitations are
expressly stated, such express ranges or limitations should be
understood to include iterative ranges or limitations of like
magnitude falling within the expressly stated ranges or limitations
(e.g., from about 1 to about 10 includes, 2, 3, 4, etc.; greater
than 0.10 includes 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, etc.). For example, whenever a
numerical range with a lower limit, Rl, and an upper limit, Ru, is
disclosed, any number falling within the range is specifically
disclosed. In particular, the following numbers within the range
are specifically disclosed: R=Rl+k*(Ru-Rl), wherein k is a variable
ranging from 1 percent to 100 percent with a 1 percent increment,
i.e., k is 1 percent, 2 percent, 3 percent, 4 percent, 5 percent, .
. . 50 percent, 51 percent, 52 percent, . . . , 95 percent, 96
percent, 97 percent, 98 percent, 99 percent, or 100 percent.
Moreover, any numerical range defined by two R numbers as defined
in the above is also specifically disclosed. Use of the term
"optionally" with respect to any element of a claim is intended to
mean that the subject element is required, or alternatively, is not
required. Both alternatives are intended to be within the scope of
the claim. Use of broader terms such as comprises, includes,
having, etc. should be understood to provide support for narrower
terms such as consisting of, consisting essentially of, comprised
substantially of, etc.
[0134] Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the
description set out above but is only limited by the claims which
follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter
of the claims. Each and every claim is incorporated into the
specification as an embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the
claims are a further description and are an addition to the
embodiments of the present disclosure. The discussion of a
reference herein is not an admission that it is prior art,
especially any reference that may have a publication date after the
priority date of this application. The disclosures of all patents,
patent applications, and publications cited herein are hereby
incorporated by reference, to the extent that they provide
exemplary, procedural, or other details supplementary to those set
forth herein.
* * * * *