U.S. patent application number 16/954702 was filed with the patent office on 2020-11-19 for refrigeration cycle apparatus.
This patent application is currently assigned to DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. Invention is credited to Mitsushi ITANO, Ikuhiro IWATA, Daisuke KARUBE, Yuzo KOMATSU, Eiji KUMAKURA, Shun OHKUBO, Kazuhiro TAKAHASHI, Tatsuya TAKAKUWA, Takuro YAMADA, Atsushi YOSHIMI, Yuuki YOTSUMOTO.
Application Number | 20200362215 16/954702 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005050418 |
Filed Date | 2020-11-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200362215 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
KUMAKURA; Eiji ; et
al. |
November 19, 2020 |
REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS
Abstract
A refrigeration cycle apparatus that is able to suppress a
decrease in capacity when a refrigerant that contains at least
1,2-difluoroethylene is used is provided. In an air conditioner (1)
including a refrigerant circuit (10) in which a compressor (21), an
outdoor heat exchanger (23), an outdoor expansion valve (24), a
liquid-side connection pipe (6), an indoor heat exchanger (31), and
a gas-side connection pipe (5) are connected, a refrigerant
containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a pipe outer
diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe (6) and a pipe outer
diameter of the gas-side connection pipe (5) each are D.sub.0/8
inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is a pipe outer diameter of a
connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), a range of the
D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe (6) is
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4", and a range of the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe (5) is "3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8".
Inventors: |
KUMAKURA; Eiji; (Osaka,
JP) ; YAMADA; Takuro; (Osaka, JP) ; YOSHIMI;
Atsushi; (Osaka, JP) ; IWATA; Ikuhiro; (Osaka,
JP) ; ITANO; Mitsushi; (Osaka, JP) ; KARUBE;
Daisuke; (Osaka, JP) ; YOTSUMOTO; Yuuki;
(Osaka, JP) ; TAKAHASHI; Kazuhiro; (Osaka, JP)
; TAKAKUWA; Tatsuya; (Osaka, JP) ; KOMATSU;
Yuzo; (Osaka, JP) ; OHKUBO; Shun; (Osaka,
JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. |
Osaka |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Osaka
JP
|
Family ID: |
1000005050418 |
Appl. No.: |
16/954702 |
Filed: |
December 18, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
December 18, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2018/046581 |
371 Date: |
June 17, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09K 2205/22 20130101;
F25B 7/00 20130101; C09K 5/045 20130101; F24F 1/0063 20190201; F25B
39/00 20130101; F24H 4/02 20130101; F25B 49/02 20130101; F24F 13/30
20130101; C09K 2205/122 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C09K 5/04 20060101
C09K005/04; F24F 1/0063 20060101 F24F001/0063; F24F 13/30 20060101
F24F013/30; F24H 4/02 20060101 F24H004/02; F25B 7/00 20060101
F25B007/00; F25B 39/00 20060101 F25B039/00; F25B 49/02 20060101
F25B049/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242183 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242185 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242186 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242187 |
Oct 5, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/037483 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038746 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038747 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038748 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038749 |
Claims
1. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit
in which a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, a
decompression part, a liquid-side connection pipe, a service-side
heat exchanger, and a gas-side connection pipe are connected,
wherein a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is
used, a pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe and
a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are
D.sub.0/8 inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is a pipe outer
diameter of a connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), in the
liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D.sub.0 is
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4", and in the gas-side connection pipe, a
range of the D.sub.0 is "3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8".
2. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and the D.sub.0 of
the liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is
3/8 inches).
3. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than 22.4 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection
pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is 7/8 inches), or the rated
refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is
greater than 14.0 kW and less than 22.4 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and
the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe
diameter is 5/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the
refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 4.5 kW, and the D.sub.0
of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is
1/2 inches).
4. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit
in which a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, a
decompression part, a liquid-side connection pipe, a service-side
heat exchanger, and a gas-side connection pipe are connected,
wherein a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is
used, a pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe and
a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are
D.sub.0/8 inches, in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of
the D.sub.0 is "2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4", in the gas-side
connection pipe, a range of the D.sub.0 is
"3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8", and the pipe outer diameter of the
liquid-side connection pipe and the pipe outer diameter of the
gas-side connection pipe are equal to pipe outer diameters of
connection pipes when refrigerant R410A is used.
5. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, a
pipe diameter is 1/4 inches).
6. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is 3/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4
inches).
7. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 4 (that is, a pipe diameter is 1/2 inches), or
the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus is less than 6.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/8
inches).
8. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is 7/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than
25.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that
is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration
capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or
equal to 6.3 kW and less than 15.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/2
inches).
9. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit
in which a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, a
decompression part, a liquid-side connection pipe, a service-side
heat exchanger, and a gas-side connection pipe are connected,
wherein a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is
used, a pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe and
a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are
D.sub.0/8 inches, in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of
the D.sub.0 is "2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4", and in the gas-side
connection pipe, a range of the D.sub.0 is
"3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8".
10. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, a
pipe diameter is 1/4 inches).
11. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 7.5 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 2.5 (that is, a pipe diameter is
5/16 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the
refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 2.6 kW
and less than 7.5 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection
pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4 inches), or the rated
refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less
than 2.6 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe is
1.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/16 inches).
12. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is 3/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4
inches).
13. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 12.5 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is 3/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than
12.5 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2.5
(that is, the pipe diameter is 5/16 inches), or the rated
refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less
than 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe is
2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4 inches).
14. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 4 (that is, a pipe diameter is 1/2 inches), or
the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus is less than 6.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/8
inches).
15. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 4 (that is, a pipe diameter is 1/2 inches), or
the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus is greater than or equal to 3.2 kW and less than 6.0 kW,
and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, the
pipe diameter is 3/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity
of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 3.2 kW, and the
D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 2.5 (that is, the pipe
diameter is 5/16 inches).
16. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is 7/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than
25.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that
is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration
capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or
equal to 6.3 kW and less than 15.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/2
inches).
17. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf).
18. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segments BD, CO, and OA); the line segment AA' is represented by
coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A'B is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment DC' is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line segment C'C is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and the line segments BD, CO, and
OA are straight lines.
19. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI,
IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8
points: point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point
A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0,
58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG); the
line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
20. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP,
PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9
points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point
N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ); the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91), the
line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
21. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP,
PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9
points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point
L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ); the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43) the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
22. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF); the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line
segment TP is represented by coordinates x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
23. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points: point P (55.8,
42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6),
and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments; the
line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment RP is represented by coordinates x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
24. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM,
MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points: point
S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),
and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments, the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line
segment TS is represented by coordinates x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and
the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
25. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E))
and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant
comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the
entire refrigerant.
26. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E))
and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant
comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the
entire refrigerant.
27. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that connect the
following 6 points: point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point
A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D' (0.0,
0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G, point I,
point A, point B, point D', and point C); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within
the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW,
and WG that connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point C; point I, point
A, point B, and point W); if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273), point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point C; point I, point
A, point B, and point W); if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014), point A
(0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, -0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286,
-0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point C; point I, point
A, point B, and point W); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point C, point I, point
A, point B, and point W).
28. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that connect the
following 5 points: point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0), point K'
(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point
J, point B, point D', and point C); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within
the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BW,
and WJ that connect the following 4 points: point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K' (0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801),
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); if
26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and if
36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and
AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
29. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments U, JN, NE,
and EI that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0,
28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line segments (excluding the
points on the line segment EI; the line segment U is represented by
coordinates (0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y,
-0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0); the line segment NE is represented by
coordinates (0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y,
-0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and the line segments JN and EI are
straight lines.
30. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N,
NV, VG; and GM that connect the following 5 points: point M (52.6,
0.0, 47.4), point M'(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on
these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4); the line
segment M'N is represented by coordinates
0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02); the
line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4); and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
31. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU,
and UO that connect the following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8,
40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments; the line segment ON is represented by
coordinates (0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488); the line segment NU is represented
by coordinates (0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y,
-0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365); and the line segment UO is a
straight line.
32. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT,
TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points: point Q (44.6,
23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on
these line segments; the line segment QR is represented by
coordinates (0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y,
-0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235); the line segment RT is represented
by coordinates 0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874); the line segment LK is represented
by coordinates (0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512); the line segment KQ is represented
by coordinates (0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y,
-0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324); and the line segment TL is a
straight line.
33. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST,
and TP that connect the following 3 points: point P (20.5, 51.7,
27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments; the line segment PS is represented by
coordinates (0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y,
-0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9); the line segment ST is represented by
coordinates 0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874); and the line segment TP is a
straight line.
34. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG;
and GI that connect the following 6 points: point I (72.0, 28.0,
0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point
H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GI); the line segment IK is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), the line segment HR is represented
by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments KB' and GI
are straight lines.
35. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments U, JR, RG; and GI
that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G
(38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment GI); the line segment U is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0,
z), the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
36. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG;
and GM that connect the following 6 points: point M (47.1, 52.9,
0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point
H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GM); the line segment MP is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the
line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines.
37. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG; and GM
that connect the following 4 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G
(38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment GM); the line segment MN is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
38. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that
connect the following 3 points: point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S
(25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these
line segments; the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and the
line segment PS is a straight line.
39. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and
UQ that connect the following 4 points: point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U
(28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment B''D); the line segment DU is represented by
coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71 z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z), the line segment UQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133,
-0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z), and the line segments QB'' and
B''D are straight lines.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration cycle
apparatus.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Hitherto, in refrigeration cycle apparatuses, such as air
conditioners, R410A is often used as a refrigerant. R410A is a
two-component mixed refrigerant of difluoromethane
(CH.sub.2F.sub.2; HFC-32, or R32) and pentafluoroethane
(C.sub.2HF.sub.5; HFC-125, or R125) and is a pseudo-azeotropic
composition.
[0003] However, the global warming potential (GWP) of R410A is
2088, and, in recent years, because of growing concern about global
warming, R32 that is a refrigerant having a lower GWP is used more
often.
[0004] For this reason, for example, PTL 1 (International
Publication No. 2015/141678) suggests various types of low-GWP
refrigerant mixtures as alternatives to R410A.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0005] For existing refrigeration cycle apparatuses in which R410A
or R32 is used, the pipe outer diameter of each of a liquid-side
connection pipe and a gas-side connection pipe that connect a heat
source unit having a heat source-side heat exchanger and a service
unit having a service-side heat exchanger is specifically
considered and suggested.
[0006] However, for a refrigeration cycle apparatus using a
refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene as a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, the pipe outer diameter
of the liquid-side connection pipe or gas-side connection pipe is
not considered or suggested at all.
[0007] The contents of the present disclosure are described in view
of the above-described points, and it is an object to provide a
refrigeration cycle apparatus that is able to suppress a decrease
in capacity when a refrigerant containing at least
1,2-difluoroethylene is used.
Solution to Problem
[0008] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a first aspect
includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat
source-side heat exchanger, a decompression part, a liquid-side
connection pipe, a service-side heat exchanger, and a gas-side
connection pipe are connected. In the refrigeration cycle
apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene
is used. A pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe
and a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are
D.sub.0/8 inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is a pipe outer
diameter of a connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), in the
liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D.sub.0 is
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4", and, in the gas-side connection pipe,
a range of the D.sub.0 is "3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8".
[0009] The decompression part is not limited and may be an
expansion valve or may be a capillary tube. Preferably, in the
liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D.sub.0 is
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.3", and, in the gas-side connection pipe,
a range of the D.sub.0 is "4.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.7".
[0010] This refrigeration cycle apparatus is able to suppress a
decrease in capacity while sufficiently reducing a GWP by using a
refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.
[0011] The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
aspect may be configured as follows in consideration of the
difference in physical properties between the refrigerant of the
present disclosure and refrigerant R32.
[0012] In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus may be greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than or
equal to 10.0 kW, the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side
connection pipe may be D.sub.0/8 inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8
inches" is the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection
pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe may be 3.
[0013] In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus may be less than or equal to 4.0 kW, the pipe outer
diameter of the gas-side connection pipe may be D.sub.0/8 inches
(where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is the pipe outer diameter of the
gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), and the
D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe may be 4.
[0014] In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus may be greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than or
equal to 10.0 kW, the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side
connection pipe may be D.sub.0/8 inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8
inches" is the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe
when refrigerant R32 is used), and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe may be 5.
[0015] In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus may be greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than or
equal to 19.0 kW, the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side
connection pipe may be D.sub.0/8 inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8
inches" is the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe
when refrigerant R32 is used), and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe may be 6.
[0016] In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus may be greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, the pipe outer
diameter of the gas-side connection pipe may be D.sub.0/8 inches
(where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is the pipe outer diameter of the
gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), and the
D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe may be 7.
[0017] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the first aspect, a rated
refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is
greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is 3/8
inches). Preferably, a rated refrigeration capacity of the
refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW
and less than or equal to 10.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is 3/8
inches).
[0018] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a third aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the first aspect, a rated
refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is
greater than 22.4 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection
pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is 7/8 inches), or the rated
refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is
greater than 14.0 kW and less than 22.4 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and
the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe
diameter is 5/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the
refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 4.5 kW, and the D.sub.0
of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is
1/2 inches). Preferably, a rated refrigeration capacity of the
refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW,
and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a
pipe diameter is 7/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity
of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to
15.0 kW and less than 19.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or
the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 10.0 kW,
and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the
pipe diameter is 5/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity
of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 4.0 kW, and the
D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe
diameter is 1/2 inches).
[0019] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourth aspect
includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat
source-side heat exchanger, a decompression part, a liquid-side
connection pipe, a service-side heat exchanger, and a gas-side
connection pipe are connected. In the refrigeration cycle
apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene
is used. A pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe
and a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are
D.sub.0/8 inches, in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of
the D.sub.0 is "2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4", and, in the gas-side
connection pipe, a range of the D.sub.0 is
"3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8". The pipe outer diameter of the
liquid-side connection pipe is same as a pipe outer diameter of a
liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used, and the
pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe is same as a
pipe outer diameter of a gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant
R410A is used.
[0020] The decompression part is not limited and may be an
expansion valve or may be a capillary tube. Preferably, in the
liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D.sub.0 is
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.3", and, in the gas-side connection pipe,
a range of the D.sub.0 is "4.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.7".
[0021] This refrigeration cycle apparatus is able to suppress a
decrease in capacity while sufficiently reducing a GWP by using a
refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.
[0022] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the fourth aspect, and the
D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, a pipe
diameter is 1/4 inches).
[0023] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the fourth aspect, a rated
refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is
greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side
connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is 3/8 inches), or
the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus is less than 6.3 kW and the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side
connection pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4
inches).
[0024] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventh
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the fourth aspect, a
rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 4 (that is, a pipe diameter is 1/2 inches), or
the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus is less than 6.0 kW and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/8
inches).
[0025] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the fourth aspect, a
rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is 7/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than
25.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that
is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration
capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or
equal to 6.3 kW and less than 15.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/2
inches).
[0026] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a ninth aspect
includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat
source-side heat exchanger, a decompression part, a liquid-side
connection pipe, a service-side heat exchanger, and a gas-side
connection pipe are connected. In the refrigeration cycle
apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene
is used. A pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe
and a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are
D.sub.0/8 inches, in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of
the D.sub.0 is "2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4", and, in the gas-side
connection pipe, a range of the D.sub.0 is
"3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8".
[0027] The decompression part is not limited and may be an
expansion valve or may be a capillary tube. Preferably, in the
liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D.sub.0 is
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.3", and, in the gas-side connection pipe,
a range of the D.sub.0 is "4.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.7".
[0028] This refrigeration cycle apparatus is able to suppress a
decrease in capacity while sufficiently reducing a GWP by using a
refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.
[0029] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a tenth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, and the
D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, a pipe
diameter is 1/4 inches).
[0030] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eleventh
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a
rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 7.5 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 2.5 (that is, a pipe diameter is
5/16 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the
refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 2.6 kW
and less than 7.5 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection
pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4 inches), or the rated
refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less
than 2.6 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe is
1.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/16 inches).
[0031] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twelfth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a
rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is 3/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4
inches).
[0032] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirteenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a
rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 12.5 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is 3/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than
12.5 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2.5
(that is, the pipe diameter is 5/16 inches), or the rated
refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less
than 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the liquid-side connection pipe is
2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4 inches).
[0033] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourteenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a
rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 4 (that is, a pipe diameter is 1/2 inches), or
the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus is less than 6.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/8
inches).
[0034] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifteenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a
rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side
connection pipe is 4 (that is, a pipe diameter is 1/2 inches), or
the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle
apparatus is greater than or equal to 3.2 kW and less than 6.0 kW,
and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, the
pipe diameter is 3/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity
of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 3.2 kW, and the
D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 2.5 (that is, the pipe
diameter is 5/16 inches).
[0035] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixteenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a
rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus
is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is 7/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than
25.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that
is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration
capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or
equal to 6.3 kW and less than 15.0 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/8
inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D.sub.0 of the
gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/2
inches). [0036] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a
seventeenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according
to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf).
[0037] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling
capacity or capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) that
are equivalent to those of R410A. [0038] A refrigeration cycle
apparatus according to an eighteenth aspect is the refrigeration
cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein
[0039] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segments BD, CO, and OA); [0040] the line segment AA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0041] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0042] the line segment DC' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0043] the line segment C'C is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and [0044] the line segments BD,
CO, and OA are straight lines. [0045] A refrigeration cycle
apparatus according to a nineteenth aspect is the refrigeration
cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein
[0046] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI,
IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8
points: point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point
A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0,
58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG); [0047]
the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0048] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0049]
the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0050]
the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
[0051] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0052] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twentieth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the
seventeenth aspects, wherein [0053] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC',
C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points: point J (47.1,
52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ); [0054] the
line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0055] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91),
[0056] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0057] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0058]
the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0059]
the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
[0060] the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines. [0061]
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty first aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth
aspects, wherein [0062] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P
(55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2,
33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments BD and CJ); [0063] the line segment PL
is represented by coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43) [0064] the line segment MA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0065] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0066] the line segment DC' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0067] the line segment C'C is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and [0068] the line segments JP,
LM, BD, and CG are straight lines. [0069] A refrigeration cycle
apparatus according to a twenty second aspect is the refrigeration
cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein
[0070] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF); [0071] the line segment PL is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), [0072] the line segment MA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0073] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0074] the line segment FT is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), [0075] the line segment TP is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525,
-0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and [0076] the line segments LM
and BF are straight lines. [0077] A refrigeration cycle apparatus
according to a twenty third aspect is the refrigeration cycle
apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein [0078] when
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum
in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and
RP that connect the following 4 points: point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R
(49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments; [0079] the line
segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0080] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
[0081] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines. [0082] A
refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty fourth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth
aspects, wherein [0083] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the
following 6 points: point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2,
33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on
the above line segments, [0084] the line segment MA' is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0085] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0086] the line segment FT is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), [0087] the line segment TS is
represented by coordinates (x, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and [0088] the line segments SM and
BF are straight lines. [0089] A refrigeration cycle apparatus
according to a twenty fifth aspect is the refrigeration cycle
apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects,
wherein [0090] the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and [0091] the
refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E)
based on the entire refrigerant.
[0092] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity
(which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) that are
equivalent to those of R410A and is classified with lower
flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of
Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
[0093] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty sixth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the
first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0094] the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more based on the entire refrigerant, and [0095] the refrigerant
comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the
entire refrigerant.
[0096] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity
(which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) that are
equivalent to those of R410A and is classified with lower
flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of
Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
[0097] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty
seventh aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to
any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0098] the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein [0099] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0100] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that
connect the following 6 points: point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point
A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D' (0.0,
0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G, point I,
point A, point B, point D', and point C); [0101] if
11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0), point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); [0102]
if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); [0103]
if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
[0104] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). [0105]
With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in capacity can
be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such performance that
the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration
capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity)
and a coefficient of performance (COP) that are equivalent to those
of R410A. A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty
eighth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any
of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0106] the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein [0107] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0108] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points: point J
(0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point
J, point B, point D', and point C); [0109] if
11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801),
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); [0110] if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); [0111] if
26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and [0112] if
36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and
AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
[0113] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling
capacity or capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) that
are equivalent to those of R410A. [0114] A refrigeration cycle
apparatus according to a twenty ninth aspect is the refrigeration
cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth
aspects, wherein [0115] the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32),
and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein [0116] when
the mass % of HID-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HID-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI
that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E
(58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment EI; [0117] the line segment U is represented by
coordinates (0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y,
-0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0); [0118] the line segment NE is
represented by coordinates (0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y,
-0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and [0119] the line segments JN and EI
are straight lines.
[0120] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling
capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified
with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American
Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE).
[0121] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirtieth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the
first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
[0122] the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein
[0123] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N,
NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M'(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM); [0124] the line segment MM' is represented by
coordinates (0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4);
[0125] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02);
[0126] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4); and
[0127] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
[0128] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling
capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified
with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American
Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE). [0129] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a
thirty first aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according
to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0130] the
refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein [0131]
when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that
connect the following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line
segments; [0132] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y, -0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
[0133] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and [0134] the line segment UO is a straight line.
[0135] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling
capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified
with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American
Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE). [0136] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a
thirty second aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according
to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0137] the
refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein [0138]
when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and
KQ that connect the following 5 points: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L
(28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these
line segments; [0139] the line segment QR is represented by
coordinates (0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y,
-0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235); [0140] the line segment RT is
represented by coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874); [0141] the line segment LK is
represented by coordinates (0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512); [0142] the line segment KQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y,
-0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324); and [0143] the line segment TL is a
straight line.
[0144] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling
capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified
with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American
Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE). [0145] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a
thirty third aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according
to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0146] the
refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein [0147]
when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that
connect the following 3 points: point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S
(21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line
segments; [0148] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0149] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and [0150] the line segment TP is a straight line.
[0151] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling
capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified
with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American
Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE). [0152] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a
thirty fourth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according
to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0153] the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
[0154] when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB',
B'H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points: point I
(72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6,
18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments B'H and GI); [0155] the line segment IK
is represented by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), [0156] the line segment HR is
represented by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), [0157] the line segment RG is
represented by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and [0158] the line segments KB'
and GI are straight lines.
[0159] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A.
[0160] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty fifth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the
first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0161] the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein [0162] when the
mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that
connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J
(57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GI); [0163] the line segment U is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0,
z), [0164] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
[0165] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
[0166] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A.
[0167] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty sixth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the
first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0168] the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein [0169] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GM that connect the following 6 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H
(0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GM); [0170] the line segment MP is
represented by coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1,
-0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), [0171] the line segment HR is
represented by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), [0172] the line segment RG is
represented by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
[0173] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines.
[0174] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A.
[0175] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty
seventh aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to
any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0176] the
refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein
[0177] when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR,
RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points: point M (47.1,
52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5),
and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding
the points on the line segment GM); [0178] the line segment MN is
represented by coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1,
-0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), [0179] the line segment RG is
represented by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and [0180] the line segments JR and
GI are straight lines.
[0181] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A.
[0182] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty eighth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the
first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0183] the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein [0184] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points: point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4,
56.2, 18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line
segments; [0185] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z),
[0186] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0187] the line segment PS is a straight line.
[0188] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A.
[0189] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty ninth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the
first through sixteenth aspects, wherein [0190] the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein [0191] when the
mass % of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and UQ that
connect the following 4 points: point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point
B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U
(28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment B''D); [0192] the line segment DU is
represented by coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z), [0193] the line segment UQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133,
-0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z), and [0194] the line segments
QB'' and B''D are straight lines.
[0195] With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such
performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0196] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a
flammability test.
[0197] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments
that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0198] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %.
[0199] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1
mass %).
[0200] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, K',
and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in
a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1
mass %).
[0201] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5
mass %).
[0202] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2
mass %).
[0203] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9
mass %).
[0204] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7
mass %).
[0205] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3
mass %).
[0206] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7
mass %).
[0207] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1
mass %).
[0208] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8
mass %).
[0209] FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W;
and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0210] FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments
that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.
[0211] FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a
refrigerant circuit according to a first embodiment.
[0212] FIG. 17 is a schematic control block configuration diagram
of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
embodiment.
[0213] FIG. 18 is a graph of a pressure loss in a liquid-side
connection pipe during heating operation for each pipe outer
diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A
are used in an air conditioner according to the first
embodiment.
[0214] FIG. 19 is a graph of a pressure loss in a gas-side
connection pipe during cooling operation for each pipe outer
diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A
are used in the air conditioner according to the first
embodiment.
[0215] FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of a
refrigerant circuit according to a second embodiment.
[0216] FIG. 21 is a schematic control block configuration diagram
of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the second
embodiment.
[0217] FIG. 22 is a graph of a pressure loss in a liquid-side
connection pipe during heating operation for each pipe outer
diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A
are used in an air conditioner according to the second
embodiment.
[0218] FIG. 23 is a graph of a pressure loss in a gas-side
connection pipe during cooling operation for each pipe outer
diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A
are used in the air conditioner according to the second
embodiment.
[0219] FIG. 24 is a schematic configuration diagram of a
refrigerant circuit according to a third embodiment.
[0220] FIG. 25 is a schematic control block configuration diagram
of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third
embodiment.
[0221] FIG. 26 is a graph of a pressure loss in a liquid-side
connection pipe during heating operation for each pipe outer
diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A
are used in an air conditioner according to the third
embodiment.
[0222] FIG. 27 is a graph of a pressure loss in a gas-side
connection pipe during cooling operation for each pipe outer
diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A
are used in the air conditioner according to the third
embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Definition of Terms
[0223] In the present specification, the term "refrigerant"
includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817
(International Organization for Standardization), and that are
given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of
refrigerant with "R" at the beginning; and further includes
refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such
refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given.
Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and
non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the
compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons
(HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene
(R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744),
ammonia (R717), and the like.
[0224] In the present specification, the phrase "composition
comprising a refrigerant" at least includes (1) a refrigerant
itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition
that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with
at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a
refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating
machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present
specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is
referred to as a "refrigerant composition" so as to distinguish it
from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants).
Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is
referred to as a "refrigeration oil-containing working fluid" so as
to distinguish it from the "refrigerant composition."
[0225] In the present specification, when the term "alternative" is
used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with
the second refrigerant, the first type of "alternative" means that
equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be
operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions,
optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the
following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve,
dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words,
this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated
with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of
"alternative" include "drop-in alternative," "nearly drop-in
alternative," and "retrofit," in the order in which the extent of
changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first
refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
[0226] The term "alternative" also includes a second type of
"alternative," which means that equipment designed for operation
using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the
existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second
refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is
achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
[0227] In the present specification, the term "refrigerating
machine" refers to machines in general that draw heat from an
object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature
of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words,
refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain
energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy
conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is
lower to where the temperature is higher.
[0228] In the present specification, a refrigerant having a "WCF
lower flammability" means that the most flammable composition
(worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning
velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a
refrigerant having "ASHRAE lower flammability" means that the
burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable
fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability:
WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during
storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF,
has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability
classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is
determined to classified as be "Class 2L."
[0229] In the present specification, a refrigerant having an "RCL
of x % or more" means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant
concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a
concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors.
RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity,
suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are
present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard.
More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute
toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL),
and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively
calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of
the ASHRAE Standard.
[0230] In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an
absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature
and the end temperature in the phase change process of a
composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in
the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.
(2) Refrigerant
(2-1) Refrigerant Component
[0231] Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A,
refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E,
details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used
as the refrigerant.
(2-2) Use of Refrigerant
[0232] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be
preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
[0233] The composition according to the present disclosure is
suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant
such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22
etc.
(3) Refrigerant Composition
[0234] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be
further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a
working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
[0235] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure further comprises at least one other component in
addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may
comprise at least one of the following other components, if
necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a
refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at
least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does
not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in
the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure,
the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire
refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more
preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
(3-1) Water
[0236] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content
of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less
based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained
in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the
molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present
in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated
fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the
stability of the refrigerant composition.
(3-2) Tracer
[0237] A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according
to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that
when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or
undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
[0238] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more
tracers.
[0239] The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from
commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an
impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present
disclosure is selected as the tracer.
[0240] Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons,
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons,
fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated
compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and
nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O). The tracer is particularly preferably a
hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon,
a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a
fluoroether.
[0241] The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.
FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CFO HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH.sub.3Cl)
HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF.sub.3) HFC-41 (fluoromethane,
CH.sub.3Cl) HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF.sub.3CHF.sub.2) HFC-134a
(1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-134
(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-143a
(1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.3) HFC-143
(1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CH.sub.2F) HFC-152a
(1,1-difluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CH.sub.3) HFC-152
(1,2-difluoroethane, CH.sub.2FCH.sub.2F) HFC-161 (fluoroethane,
CH.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane,
CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-236fa
(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CF.sub.3) HFC-236ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCHF.sub.2) HFC-227ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCF.sub.3) HCFC-22
(chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF.sub.2) HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane,
CH.sub.2ClF) CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF.sub.2.dbd.CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCHF.sub.2)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.3)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether,
CF.sub.3OCHFCF.sub.3) HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl
ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3)
[0242] The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant
composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million
(ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present
in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30
ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is
present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300
ppm.
(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye
[0243] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or
two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
[0244] The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent
dyes.
[0245] Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include
naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene,
thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives
thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably
either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.
(3-4) Stabilizer
[0246] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more
stabilizers.
[0247] The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected
from commonly used stabilizers.
[0248] Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and
amines.
[0249] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro
compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro
compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
[0250] Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.
[0251] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine
and diphenylamine.
[0252] Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and
benzotriazole.
[0253] The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the
content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more
preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor
[0254] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two
or more polymerization inhibitors.
[0255] The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
[0256] Examples of polymerization inhibitors include
4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether,
dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and
benzotriazole.
[0257] The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited.
Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is
preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %,
based on the entire refrigerant.
(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid
[0258] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a
refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating
machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working
fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a
refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine
with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The
refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10
to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
(4-1) Refrigeration Oil
[0259] The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably
selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case,
refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing
the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture,
for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
[0260] The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for
example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of
polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl
ethers (PVE).
[0261] The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in
addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member
selected from the group consisting of antioxidants,
extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper
deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming
agents.
[0262] A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400
cSt at 40.degree. C. is preferable from the standpoint of
lubrication.
[0263] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one
additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents
described below.
(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent
[0264] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent,
or two or more compatibilizing agents.
[0265] The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.
[0266] Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene
glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters,
lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes.
The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a
polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
(5) Various Refrigerants
[0267] Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the
refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in
detail.
[0268] In addition, each description of the following refrigerant
A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E
is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line
segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative
examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A,
the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the
refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant
A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different
embodiment from each other.
(5-1) Refrigerant A
[0269] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0270] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of
performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a
sufficiently low GWP.
[0271] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally
further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following
requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties
desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a
refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are
equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0272] Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:
[0273] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
CO);
[0274] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0275] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3,
[0276] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0277] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0278] the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
[0279] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A.
[0280] When the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf,
based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded
by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that
connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line segment CG);
[0281] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0282] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0283] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0284] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0285] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0286] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A
has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the
WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0287] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment
CJ);
[0288] the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0289] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91),
[0290] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0291] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0292] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0293] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0294] the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0295] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a
burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0296] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ); [0297]
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0298] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0299] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0300]
the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0301]
the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
[0302] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0303] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has
an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0304] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP
that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF);
[0305] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0306] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0307] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0308] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0309] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0310] the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
[0311] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an
RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0312] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect
the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q
(62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above
line segments;
[0313] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0314] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0315] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
[0316] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more
relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more,
furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide
of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0317] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS
that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point
A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0,
61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line
segments,
[0318] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0319] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0320] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0321] the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112),
and
[0322] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
[0323] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more
furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or
more relative to that of R410A.
[0324] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect
the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);
[0325] the line segment dg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0326] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0327] the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.
[0328] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0329] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0330] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and
il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line
segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
[0331] the line segment lg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0332] the line gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0333] the line segments hi and it are straight lines.
[0334] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0335] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0336] when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and
fO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point a (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);
[0337] the line segment de is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0338] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0064z.sup.2-1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z.sup.2+0.1565z+34.499, z),
and
[0339] the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.
[0340] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0341] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0342] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0343] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le,
ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line
segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
[0344] the line segment le is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0345] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0346] the line segments fi and il are straight lines.
[0347] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0348] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0349] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0350] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa,
ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point c
(77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points O and c);
[0351] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y,
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0352] the line segment bc is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0353] the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.
[0354] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0355] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0356] when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0357] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb,
bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and point j
(72.5, 23.2, 4.3), or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk; [0358]
the line segment kb is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y, and
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0359] the line segment bj is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0360] the line segment jk is a straight line.
[0361] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard.
[0362] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties
and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0363] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more,
based on the entire refrigerant.
[0364] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected.
[0365] The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional
refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
Examples of Refrigerant A
[0366] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A
is not limited to the Examples.
[0367] The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed
refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the
values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated
therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and
HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The
refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a
mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by
performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the
mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport
Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following
conditions.
[0368] Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL
of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol.
%, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the
ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5 K Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0369] Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3
Example 2 Example Ex. 4 Item Unit Ex. 1 O A 1 A' 3 B HFO-1132(E)
mass % R410A 100.0 68.6 49.0 30.6 14.1 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 0.0
14.9 30.0 44.8 58.7 R1234yf mass % 0.0 31.4 36.1 39.4 41.1 41.3 GWP
-- 2088 1 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 100 99.7 100.0 98.6 97.3
96.3 95.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 98.3 85.0 85.0
85.0 85.0 85.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.1
0.00 1.98 3.36 4.46 5.15 5.35 glide Discharge % (relative 100.0
99.3 87.1 88.9 90.6 92.1 93.2 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 --
30.7 37.5 44.0 52.7 64.0 78.6
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Ex.
5 Example 5 Example Ex. 6 Ex. 7 7 Ex. 8 Item Unit C 4 C' 6 D E E' F
HFO-1132(E) mass % 32.9 26.6 19.5 10.9 0.0 58.0 23.4 0.0 HFO-1123
mass % 67.1 68.4 70.5 74.1 80.4 42.0 48.5 61.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0
5.0 10.0 15.0 19.6 0.0 28.1 38.2 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 COP ratio %
(relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.4 105.2 102.9 100.5 97.9 105.0 92.5
86.9 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.16 0.52
0.94 1.42 1.90 0.42 3.16 4.80 glide Discharge % (relative 119.5
117.4 115.3 113.0 115.9 112.7 101.0 95.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 53.5 57.1 62.0 69.1 81.3 41.9 46.3 79.0
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Ex. 9 8 9 10 11 12 Item Unit J P L N N' K HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3
7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2
2 COP ratio % (relative 93.8 95.0 96.1 97.9 99.1 99.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 104.1 101.6 95.0 88.2 85.0 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.31 0.57 0.81 1.41 2.11
2.51 glide Discharge % (relative 115.8 111.9 107.8 99.0 91.2 87.7
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.2 42.6 40.0 38.0 38.7 39.7
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S' T
HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.8 49.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass
% 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9 R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9
9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP -- 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 99.4
96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.6
85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 0.81 2.58 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.55 2.07 glide
Discharge % (relative 107.8 87.9 106.0 109.6 105.0 105.0 105.0
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 40.0 40.0 40.0 44.8 40.0 44.4
50.8
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comp. Example Example Ex. 10 20 21 Item Unit
G H I HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 14.0
0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 14.0 28.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative
96.6 98.2 99.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 95.1 86.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C. 0.46 1.27
1.71 Discharge pressure % (relative 108.4 98.7 88.6 to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 37.4 37.0 36.6
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Comp. Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 11 Ex. 12 22 23 24 25 26 Ex. 13
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 91.4 92.0 92.8 93.7 94.7 95.8 96.9 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.7 105.5 105.0 104.3 103.3 102.0 100.6
99.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.40 0.46
0.55 0.66 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.67 glide Discharge % (relative 120.1
118.7 116.7 114.3 111.6 108.7 105.6 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 71.0 61.9 54.9 49.3 44.8 41.0 37.8 35.1
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ex. 15
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 91.9 92.5 93.3 94.3 95.3 96.4 97.5 98.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 103.2 102.9 102.4 101.5 100.5 99.2 97.8
96.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.87 0.94
1.03 1.12 1.18 1.18 1.09 0.88 glide Discharge % (relative 116.7
115.2 113.2 110.8 108.1 105.2 102.1 99.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 70.5 61.6 54.6 49.1 44.6 40.8 37.7 35.0
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 16 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ex. 17
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 92.4 93.1 93.9 94.8 95.9 97.0 98.1 99.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.5 100.2 99.6 98.7 97.7 96.4 94.9 93.2
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.41 1.49 1.56
1.62 1.63 1.55 1.37 1.05 glide Discharge % (relative 113.1 111.6
109.6 107.2 104.5 101.6 98.6 95.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
70.0 61.2 54.4 48.9 44.4 40.7 37.5 34.8
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0
40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.0 93.7 94.5 95.5
96.5 97.6 98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 97.7 97.4 96.8
95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.03 2.09 2.13 2.14 2.07 1.91 1.61 glide Discharge % (relative
109.4 107.9 105.9 103.5 100.8 98.0 95.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.6 60.9 54.1 48.7 44.2 40.5 37.4
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.6 94.3 95.2 96.1
97.2 98.2 99.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.8 94.5 93.8
92.9 91.8 90.4 88.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.71 2.74 2.73 2.66 2.50 2.22 1.78 glide Discharge % (relative
105.5 104.0 102.1 99.7 97.1 94.3 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.1 60.5 53.8 48.4 44.0 40.4 37.3
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Item Unit 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.8 97.8 98.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.7 87.3 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.46 3.43 3.35 3.18 2.90
2.47 glide Discharge % (relative 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.3 90.6
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.2 43.9 40.2
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Example Example Example Example Example
Comp. Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 Ex. 18 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0
R1234yf mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative 95.0 95.8 96.6 97.5 98.5 99.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.9 88.5 87.8 86.8 85.6 84.1 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 4.24 4.15 3.96 3.67 3.24
2.64 glide Discharge % (relative 97.6 96.1 94.2 92.0 89.5 86.8
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.2 59.8 53.2 48.0 43.7 40.1
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Example Example Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit
64 65 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 40.0
40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.9
96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.8 85.4
84.7 83.6 82.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 glide Discharge % (relative 93.5 92.1 90.3
88.1 85.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 67.8 59.5 53.0 47.8
43.5
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 41.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 41.0 39.0 37.0 35.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 95.1 95.3 95.6 96.0 95.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.5
101.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.78 0.79
0.80 0.81 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 glide Discharge % (relative 110.5
109.9 109.3 108.1 109.7 109.1 108.5 107.9 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 43.2 42.4 41.7 40.3 43.9 43.1 42.4 41.6
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
HFO-1132(E) mass % 60.0 62.0 61.0 58.0 60.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 33.0 31.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 34.0 32.0 R1234yf mass % 7.0
7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.5 96.4 96.6 96.8 96.0 96.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.7 99.1 98.4 98.1 97.8 98.0 97.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.95 0.95 1.18
1.34 1.33 1.32 1.53 1.53 glide Discharge % (relative 107.3 106.7
104.9 104.4 103.8 103.2 104.7 104.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
40.9 40.3 40.5 41.5 40.8 40.1 43.6 42.9
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 HFO-1123
mass % 30.0 28.0 26.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 14.0
14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.4 96.6 96.9 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 97.5 97.2 96.9 97.3 97.1 96.8 96.6 96.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.51 1.50 1.48
1.72 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.67 glide Discharge % (relative 103.5 102.9
102.3 104.3 103.8 103.2 102.7 102.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.1 41.4 40.7 45.2 44.4 43.6 42.8 42.1
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
HFO-1132(E) mass % 58.0 60.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 16.0
16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.9 97.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.3 96.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 96.1 95.8 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 95.9 95.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.65 1.63 1.93
1.92 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 glide Discharge % (relative 101.5 100.9
104.5 103.9 103.4 102.9 102.3 101.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
41.4 40.7 47.8 46.9 46.0 45.1 44.3 43.5
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 18.0
18.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 95.1 95.3 95.7 95.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.4 95.2 94.9 94.6 96.3 96.1 95.7 95.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.86 1.83 1.80
1.77 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 glide Discharge % (relative 101.2 100.6
100.0 99.5 104.5 104.0 103.0 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.7 42.0 41.3 40.6 50.7 49.7 47.7 46.8
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.1 96.3 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 95.1 95.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.2 95.0 94.5 94.2 94.0 93.7 95.3 95.1
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.11 2.09 2.05
2.02 1.99 1.95 2.37 2.36 glide Discharge % (relative 101.9 101.4
100.3 99.7 99.2 98.6 103.4 103.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
45.9 45.0 43.4 42.7 41.9 41.2 51.7 50.6
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121
HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0
22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 94.7 94.5 94.3 94.0 93.8 93.6 93.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.36 2.35 2.33
2.32 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.21 glide Discharge % (relative 102.5 102.0
101.5 101.0 100.4 99.9 99.4 98.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
49.6 48.6 47.6 46.7 45.8 45.0 44.1 43.4
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0
22.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.9 95.2 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 93.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 94.3 94.1 93.9 93.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.18 2.14 2.09
2.04 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.58 glide Discharge % (relative 98.2 97.7 97.1
96.5 102.4 101.9 101.5 101.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 42.6
41.9 41.2 40.5 52.7 51.6 50.5 49.5
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0
24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 93.5 93.3 93.1 92.8 92.6 92.4 92.1 91.8
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.56 2.54 2.51
2.49 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.33 glide Discharge % (relative 100.5 100.0
99.5 98.9 98.4 97.9 97.3 96.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.5
47.5 46.6 45.7 44.9 44.1 43.3 42.5
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0
24.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 95.3 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.6 91.3 91.0 93.2 93.1 92.9 92.7 92.5
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.28 2.22 2.16
2.86 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 glide Discharge % (relative 96.2 95.6 95.1
101.3 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.8
41.1 40.4 53.7 52.6 51.5 50.4 49.4
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0
26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 92.3 92.1 91.9 91.6 91.4 91.2 90.9 90.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.77 2.74 2.71
2.67 2.63 2.59 2.53 2.48 glide Discharge % (relative 99.0 98.5 97.9
97.4 96.9 96.4 95.8 95.3 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.4 47.4
46.5 45.7 44.8 44.0 43.2 42.5
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 18.0 16.0 14.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0
26.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.9 98.2 98.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 90.3 90.1 89.8 92.1 91.9 91.7 91.5 91.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.42 2.35 2.27
3.10 3.09 3.06 3.04 3.01 glide Discharge % (relative 94.7 94.1 93.6
99.7 99.3 98.8 98.4 97.9 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0
40.3 53.6 52.5 51.4 50.3 49.3
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0
28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.7 90.4 90.2 89.9 89.7 89.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.98 2.94 2.90
2.85 2.80 2.75 2.68 2.62 glide Discharge % (relative 97.4 96.9 96.4
95.9 95.4 94.9 94.3 93.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.3 47.4
46.4 45.6 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.4
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 HFO-1123
mass % 16.0 14.0 12.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0
28.0 28.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6 96.1 96.2 96.4 96.6 97.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.1 88.8 88.5 90.7 90.5 90.3 90.1 89.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.54 2.46 2.38
3.32 3.30 3.26 3.22 3.14 glide Discharge % (relative 93.2 92.6 92.1
97.7 97.3 96.8 96.4 95.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0
40.3 52.4 51.3 50.2 49.2 47.3
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185
HFO-1132(E) mass % 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0
30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 98.3 98.5 98.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.4 89.2 89.0 88.7 88.4 88.2 87.9 87.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.08 3.03 2.97
2.90 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.57 glide Discharge % (relative 94.9 94.4 93.9
93.3 92.8 92.3 91.7 91.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.4 45.5
44.7 43.9 43.1 42.3 41.6 40.9
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0
32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.2 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.6 89.5 89.3 89.1 88.9 88.7 88.4 88.2
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.60 3.56 3.52
3.48 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.26 glide Discharge % (relative 96.6 96.2 95.7
95.3 94.8 94.3 93.9 93.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 53.4 52.3
51.2 50.1 49.1 48.1 47.2 46.3
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 HFO-1123
mass % 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0
32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 98.5 98.7 98.9 99.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 87.7 87.5 87.2 86.9 86.6 86.3 86.0
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.20 3.12 3.04
2.96 2.87 2.77 2.66 2.55 glide Discharge % (relative 92.8 92.3 91.8
91.3 90.7 90.2 89.6 89.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.4 44.6
43.8 43.0 42.3 41.5 40.8 40.2
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0
34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.5 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.4 88.2 88.0 87.8 87.6 87.4 87.2 87.0
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.84 3.80 3.75
3.70 3.64 3.58 3.51 3.43 glide Discharge % (relative 95.0 94.6 94.2
93.7 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 53.3 52.2
51.1 50.0 49.0 48.0 47.1 46.2
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 HFO-1123
mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0
34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 98.0 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.8 96.8 96.9 97.1 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 86.7 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.6 87.2 87.0 86.8
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.36 3.27 3.18
3.08 2.97 4.08 4.03 3.97 glide Discharge % (relative 91.3 90.8 90.3
89.7 89.2 93.4 93.0 92.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.3 44.5
43.7 42.9 42.2 53.2 52.1 51.0
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225
HFO-1132(E) mass % 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 30.0 32.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 36.0
36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 97.1 97.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 86.4 86.2 85.9 85.7 85.5 85.9 85.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.91 3.84 3.76
3.68 3.60 3.50 4.32 4.25 glide Discharge % (relative 92.1 91.7 91.2
90.7 90.3 89.8 91.9 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 49.9 48.9
47.9 47.0 46.1 45.3 53.1 52.0
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 Example Example Item Unit 226 227
HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass
% 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.6 85.3 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation glide .degree. C. 4.18 4.11 Discharge pressure %
(relative 91.0 90.6 to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 50.9 49.8
[0370] These results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and
OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment CO); the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3, the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0371] The point on the line segment AA' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and
point A' by the least square method.
[0372] The point on the line segment A'B was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A', Example 3, and
point B by the least square method.
[0373] The point on the line segment DC' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and
point C' by the least square method.
[0374] The point on the line segment C'C was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C', Example 4, and
point C by the least square method.
[0375] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z)
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), point T (35.8, 44.9,
19.3), point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), and the
line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0376] The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E',
and F, by the least square method.
[0377] The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R,
and T, by the least square method.
[0378] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these
components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0,
100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or
below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40
g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0379] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %,
a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR
connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9)
or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
temperature glide of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0380] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass
%, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST
connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3)
or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.
[0381] In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing
flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc.
Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
[0382] Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants
whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were
determined to be classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0383] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference
numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high speed
camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating
lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring
filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or
more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping,
and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum
gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The
initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed
by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the
center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to
9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm)
equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as
the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital
video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0384] Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF
concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak
simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version
4.0.
[0385] Tables 35 and 36 show the results.
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 Item Unit G H I WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0
72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 9.6 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 18.4 28.0
Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 Item Unit J P L N N' K WCF HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3
7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 Leak condition
that results in WCFF Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. C., 92% C., 90% C., 90% C., 66% C., 12% C., 0% release,
release, release, release, release, release, liquid phase liquid
phase gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase side side side side
side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0
HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 17.8 17.4 13.6 12.3 9.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0
10.2 10.6 14.4 15.7 18.2 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or 8 or 8 or
9 9 8 or less less less less Burning velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10
10 10 10
[0386] The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed
refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains
HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their
sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability.
[0387] The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line
segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the
line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.1, 31.9, 5.0) point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1) point N' (65.0, 7.7,
27.3) and point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), the refrigerant can be
determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower
flammability. In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), and the line segment NK is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91,
-0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91).
[0388] The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L,
and N, by the least square method.
[0389] The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N',
and K, by the least square method.
(5-2) Refrigerant B
[0390] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is
[0391] a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the
refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to
47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
[0392] a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a
total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire
refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1
mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
[0393] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to
that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of
R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability
(Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0394] When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of
HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B
according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising
47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and
WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be "Class 2L," which
is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard,
and which is further easier to handle.
[0395] When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior
with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that
of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or
HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further
improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present
disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes
superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative
to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or
HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further
improved.
[0396] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more,
and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0397] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
Examples of Refrigerant B
[0398] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the
refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.
[0399] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and
38.
[0400] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Superheating temperature: 5 K Subcooling temperature:
5 K Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0401] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base
Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage,
Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0402] Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity,
which were calculated based on these results. The COP and
refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
[0403] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
[0404] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured
according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF
having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be
"Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0405] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 37 Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2
Comparative Example Example Example Example Example Comparative
Item Unit R410A HFO-1132E Example 3 1 2 3 4 5 Example 4 HFO-1132E
mass % -- 100 80 72 70 68 65 62 60 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 0 20 28 30
32 35 38 40 (WCF) GWP -- 2088 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % 100 99.7
97.5 96.6 96.3 96.1 95.8 95.4 95.2 (relative to R410A)
Refrigerating % 100 98.3 101.9 103.1 103.4 103.8 104.1 104.5 104.8
capacity (relative ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 2.73 2.71 2.89
2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.04 3.06 pressure Burning cm/sec Non-flammable
20 13 10 9 9 8 8 or 8 or velocity less less (WCF)
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 38 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example
Example Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 10 Item
Unit Example 5 Example 6 7 8 9 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9
HFO-1123 HFO-1132E mass % 50 48 47.1 46.1 45.1 43 40 25 0 (WCF)
HFO-1123 mass % 50 52 52.9 53.9 54.9 57 60 75 100 (WCF) GWP -- 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % 94.1 93.9 93.8 93.7 93.6 93.4 93.1 91.9
90.6 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 105.9 106.1 106.2 106.3
106.4 106.6 106.9 107.9 108.0 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)
Discharge Mpa 3.14 3.16 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.20 3.21 3.31 3.39 pressure
Leakage test Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ -- conditions (WCFF) Ship- Ship- Ship- Ship-
Ship- Ship- Ship- Ship- ping -40.degree. ping -40.degree. ping
-40.degree. ping -40.degree. ping -40.degree. ping -40.degree. ping
-40.degree. ping -40.degree. C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% C.,
92% C., 92% C., 92% C., 90% release, release, release, release,
release, release, release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquid
liquid liquid liquid liquid phase phase phase phase phase phase
phase phase side side side side side side side side HFO-1132E mass
% 74 73 72 71 70 67 63 38 -- (WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 26 27 28 29 30
33 37 62 (WCFF) Burning cm/sec 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8
or 5 velocity less less less less less less less less (WCF) Burning
cm/sec 11 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.5 8.5 8 or 8 or velocity less less (WCFF)
ASHRAE flammability 2 2 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L classification
[0406] The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass %
of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while
having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability.
Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to
that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass %
to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are
stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower
flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance
equivalent to that of R410A.
(5-3) Refrigerant C
[0407] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following
requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
has various properties that are desirable as an alternative
refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and
a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and
a sufficiently low GWP.
[0408] Requirements
[0409] Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:
[0410] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and
a,
[0411] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that
connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0,
0.0), point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6,
0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G,
point I, point A, point B, point D', and point C);
[0412] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895,
0.0), point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W);
[0413] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
[0414] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
and
[0415] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When
the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the
above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more
relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower
flammability.
[0416] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0417] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0418] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9,
0.0), point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7,
-0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9, -0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B
(0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D' (0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4,
-0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point J, point
B, point D', and point C);
[0419] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187, -0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,
-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0420] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0421] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
[0422] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87,
0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,
and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating
capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower
flammability, and is classified as "Class 2L," which is a lower
flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0423] When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0424] if 0<a.ltoreq.10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4
points:
point a (0.02a.sup.2-2.46a+93.4, 0, -0.02a.sup.2+2.46a+6.6), point
b' (-0.008a.sup.2-1.38a+56, 0.018a.sup.2-0.53a+26.3,
-0.01a.sup.2+1.91a+17.7), point c (-0.016a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.016a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0) or on
the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c);
[0425] if 10.0<a.ltoreq.16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0244a.sup.2-2.5695a+94.056, 0,
-0.0244a.sup.2+2.5695a+5.944), point b'
(0.1161a.sup.2-1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a.sup.2-0.3399a+24.8,
-0.1301a.sup.2+2.3358a+15.451), point c (-0.0161a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.0161a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c); or
[0426] if 16.5<a.ltoreq.21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0161a.sup.2-2.3535a+92.742, 0,
-0.0161a.sup.2+2.3535a+7.258), point b'
(-0.0435a.sup.2-0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a.sup.2+1.8991a-0.0661,
0.0739a.sup.2-1.8556a+49.6601), point c
(-0.0161a.sup.2+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a.sup.2-0.9959a+22.149, 0),
and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines oa, ab',
and b'c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in
the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a
COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point
b' is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line
formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to
that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A.
[0427] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above
properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and
still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0428] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or
more, based on the entire refrigerant.
[0429] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one
additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
Examples of Refrigerant C
[0430] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the
refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.
[0431] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in
Tables 39 to 96.
[0432] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
[0433] For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the
refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were
obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following
conditions.
[0434] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0435] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C.
[0436] Superheating temperature: 5 K
[0437] Subcooling temperature: 5 K
[0438] Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0439] Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the
GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity
are ratios relative to R410A.
[0440] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 39 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Ex. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 1 Item Unit Ex.
1 A B C D' G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 68.6 0.0 32.9 0.0 72.0
72.0 47.1 61.7 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 58.7 67.1 75.4 28.0 0.0 52.9 5.9
R1234yf Mass % 31.4 41.3 0.0 24.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 32.4 R32 Mass % 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 2088 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 % (relative
COP ratio to R410A) 100 100.0 95.5 92.5 93.1 96.6 99.9 93.8 99.4
Refrigerating % (relative capacity ratio to R410A) 100 85.0 85.0
107.4 95.0 103.1 86.6 106.2 85.5
TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 40 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Ex. Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 2 Item Unit A B
C D' G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % 55.3 0.0 18.4 0.0 60.9 60.9 40.5
47.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 47.8 74.5 83.4 32.0 0.0 52.4 7.2 R1234yf
Mass % 37.6 45.1 0.0 9.5 0.0 32.0 0.0 38.7 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 49 49 49 50 49 50 COP ratio %
(relative 99.8 96.9 92.5 92.5 95.9 99.6 94.0 99.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 110.5 106.0 106.5 87.7 108.9
85.5 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 41 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex.
16 Ex. 17 Ex. 18 Ex.19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 3 Item Unit A B C = D' G I J
K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % 48.4 0.0 0.0 55.8 55.8 37.0 41.0 HFO-1123
Mass % 0.0 42.3 88.9 33.1 0.0 51.9 6.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.5 46.6 0.0
0.0 33.1 0.0 41.4 R32 Mass % 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 GWP
-- 77 77 76 76 77 76 77 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 97.6 92.5 95.8
99.5 94.2 99.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 112.0
108.0 88.6 110.2 85.4 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 42 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. 22
Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Ex. 26 4 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 42.8 0.0 52.1 52.1 34.3 36.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 37.8 33.4
0.0 51.2 5.6 R1234yf Mass % 42.7 47.7 0.0 33.4 0.0 43.4 R32 Mass %
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100 100 99 100 99 100 COP
ratio % (relative 99.9 98.1 95.8 99.5 94.4 99.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 109.1 89.6 111.1 85.3 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 43 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. 27
Ex. 28 Ex. 29 Ex. 30 Ex. 31 5 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 37.0 0.0 48.6 48.6 32.0 32.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 33.1 33.2
0.0 49.8 4.0 R1234yf Mass % 44.8 48.7 0.0 33.2 0.0 45.3 R32 Mass %
18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 GWP -- 125 125 124 125 124 125 COP
ratio % (relative 100.0 98.6 95.9 99.4 94.7 99.8 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 110.1 90.8 111.9 85.2 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 44 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. 32
Ex. 33 Ex. 34 Ex. 35 Ex. 36 6 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 31.5 0.0 45.4 45.4 30.3 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 28.5 32.7
0.0 47.8 2.4 R1234yf Mass % 46.6 49.6 0.0 32.7 0.0 46.9 R32 Mass %
21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150 150 149 150 149 150 COP
ratio % (relative to 100.2 99.1 96.0 99.4 95.1 100.0 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 111.0 92.1 112.6 85.1
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 45 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 37
Ex. 38 Ex. 39 Ex. 40 Ex. 41 Ex. 42 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 0.0 41.8 41.8 29.1 24.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
22.9 31.5 0.0 44.2 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5 50.4 0.0 31.5 0.0 48.5
R32 Mass % 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 GWP -- 182 182 181 182 181
182 COP ratio % (relative 100.4 99.8 96.3 99.4 95.6 100.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 111.9 93.8 113.2 85.0 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00046 TABLE 46 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 43
Ex.44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex. 47 Ex. 48 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.3 0.0 40.0 40.0 28.8 24.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
19.9 30.7 0.0 41.9 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.4 50.8 0.0 30.7 0.0 46.4
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 198 199 198
200 COP ratio % (relative 100.6 100.1 96.6 99.5 96.1 100.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 112.4 94.8 113.6 86.7
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00047 TABLE 47 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 49
Ex. 50 Ex. 51 Ex. 52 Ex. 53 Ex. 54 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 12.1 0.0 35.7 35.7 29.3 22.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
11.7 27.6 0.0 34.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 51.2 51.6 0.0 27.6 0.0 40.8
R32 Mass % 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 GWP -- 250 250 248 249 248
250 COP ratio % (relative 101.2 101.0 96.4 99.6 97.0 100.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 113.2 97.6 113.9 90.9
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00048 TABLE 48 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 55
Ex. 56 Ex. 57 Ex. 58 Ex. 59 Ex. 60 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 3.8 0.0 32.0 32.0 29.4 21.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
3.9 23.9 0.0 26.5 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 52.1 52.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 34.8
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 300 300 298 299 298
299 COP ratio % (relative 101.8 101.8 97.9 99.8 97.8 100.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 113.7 100.4 113.9 94.9
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00049 TABLE 49 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 61 Ex. 62
Ex. 63 Ex. 64 Ex. 65 Item Unit A = B G I J K' HFO- Mass % 0.0 30.4
30.4 28.9 20.4 1132(E) HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 21.8 0.0 23.3 0.0
R1234yf Mass % 52.2 0.0 21.8 0.0 31.8 R32 Mass % 47.8 47.8 47.8
47.8 47.8 GWP -- 325 323 324 323 324 COP ratio % 102.1 98.2 100.0
98.2 100.6 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 85.0 113.8 101.8
113.9 96.8 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00050 TABLE 50 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
Ex. 66 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 82.9 77.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9
47.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP
ratio % (relative 92.4 92.6 92.8 93.1 93.4 93.7 94.1 94.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 108.4 108.3 108.2 107.9 107.6 107.2 106.8
106.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00051 TABLE 51 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
14 15 16 17 Ex. 67 18 19 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 72.9
67.9 62.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.4 95.9 96.4 96.9 93.0 93.3 93.6 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.8 105.2 104.5 103.9 103.1
105.7 105.5 105.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00052 TABLE 52 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9
22.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.2 94.6 95.0 95.5 96.0 96.4 96.9 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 104.9 104.5 104.1 103.6 103.0
102.4 101.7 101.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00053 TABLE 53 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
Ex. 68 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 17.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9
42.9 37.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 93.5 93.8 94.1 94.4 94.8 95.2 95.6
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.3 102.9 102.7 102.5 102.1
101.7 101.2 100.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00054 TABLE 54 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
36 37 38 39 Ex. 69 40 41 42 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 62.9
57.9 52.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 94.0 94.3 94.6
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.1 99.5 98.9 98.1 97.4 100.1
99.9 99.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00055 TABLE 55 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.3 95.7 96.2 96.6 97.1 97.6 98.1 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.2 98.8 98.3 97.8 97.2 96.6 95.9
95.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00056 TABLE 56 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
Ex. 70 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9
32.9 27.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 50 50 50 50 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative 98.6 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 95.9 96.3 96.8
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.4 97.1 96.9 96.7 96.3 95.9
95.4 94.8 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00057 TABLE 57 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
58 59 60 61 Ex. 71 62 63 64 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass %
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP
ratio % (relative 97.2 97.7 98.2 98.7 99.2 95.2 95.5 95.8 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.2 93.6 92.9 92.2 91.4 94.2 93.9 93.7
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00058 TABLE 58 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass
% 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.6 97.0 97.4 97.9 98.3 98.8 99.3 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.3 92.9 92.4 91.8 91.2 90.5 89.8
89.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00059 TABLE 59 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.1 98.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.6 90.2 89.8 89.3 88.7
88.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00060 TABLE 60 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 2.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9
17.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative 99.0 99.4 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.6 98.0 98.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.4 86.7 88.0 87.8 87.5 87.1 86.6
86.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00061 TABLE 61 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Comp. Item Unit Ex. 72 Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78
Ex. 79 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass
% 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio %
(relative 98.8 99.2 99.6 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.5 84.9 84.2 84.9 84.6 84.3 83.9 83.5
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00062 TABLE 62 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 80 Ex. 81
Ex. 82 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative 99.1 99.5 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 82.9 82.3 81.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00063 TABLE 63 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 70.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 14.5
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
COP ratio % (relative 93.7 93.9 94.1 94.4 94.7 95.0 95.4 95.8 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 110.2 110.0 109.7 109.3 108.9
108.4 107.9 107.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00064 TABLE 64 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
97 Ex. 83 98 99 100 101 102 103 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 30.5 25.5 65.5 60.5 55.5
50.5 45.5 40.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99
99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.6 94.2 94.4 94.6 94.9
95.2 95.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.6 106.0 107.5
107.3 107.0 106.6 106.1 105.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00065 TABLE 65 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
104 105 106 Ex. 84 107 108 109 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5
60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.3 96.7 97.1
94.6 94.8 95.1 95.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.1 104.5
103.8 103.1 104.7 104.5 104.1 103.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00066 TABLE 66 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
111 112 113 114 115 Ex. 85 116 117 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5
20.5 15.5 55.5 50.5 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.7 96.0 96.4 96.8
97.2 97.6 95.1 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.3 102.8
102.2 101.6 101.0 100.3 101.8 101.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00067 TABLE 67 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Item Unit
118 119 120 121 122 123 124 Ex. 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 95.9 96.2 96.5
96.9 97.3 97.7 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.2 100.8
100.4 99.9 99.3 98.7 98.0 97.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00068 TABLE 68 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.7
97.1 97.5 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 98.9 98.6
98.3 97.9 97.4 96.9 96.3 95.7 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00069 TABLE 69 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
133 Ex. 87 134 135 136 137 138 139 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 96.2
96.4 96.7 97.0 97.3 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.0
94.3 95.8 95.6 95.2 94.8 94.4 93.8 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00070 TABLE 70 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 40.5 35.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.1 98.5 98.9
96.8 97.0 97.3 97.6 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.3
92.6 92.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 91.8 91.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00071 TABLE 71 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 99.1
97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.8
90.2 89.6 89.6 89.4 89.0 88.6 88.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00072 TABLE 72 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Unit 156 157 158 159 160 Ex. 88 Ex. 89 Ex. 90 HFO-1132(E) Mass %
35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0
45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5
14.5 GWP -- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative
98.9 99.3 98.1 98.4 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 87.6 87.1 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.5 85.0 84.5 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00073 TABLE 73 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex.
91 Ex. 92 Ex. 93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 HFO- Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
1132(E) HFO-1123 Mass % 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 50.0
50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 COP ratio % 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.7 100.0 (relative to
R410A) Refrigerating % 83.3 83.0 82.7 82.2 81.8 capacity (relative
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00074 TABLE 74 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 63.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1
38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32
Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 149 149 149
149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 94.8 95.0 95.2 95.4 95.7
95.9 96.2 96.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 111.5 111.2
110.9 110.5 110.0 109.5 108.9 108.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00075 TABLE 75 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
Ex. 96 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 58.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 96.9 95.3
95.4 95.6 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
107.7 108.7 108.5 108.1 107.7 107.2 106.7 106.1 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00076 TABLE 76 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
176 Ex. 97 177 178 179 180 181 182 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.0 97.4
95.7 95.9 96.1 96.3 96.6 96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
105.5 104.9 105.9 105.6 105.3 104.8 104.4 103.8 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00077 TABLE 77 Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
183 184 Ex. 98 185 186 187 188 189 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.5
97.9 96.1 96.3 96.5 96.8 97.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
103.3 102.6 102.0 103.0 102.7 102.3 101.9 101.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00078 TABLE 78 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
190 191 192 Ex. 99 193 194 195 196 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0
45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.7
98.0 98.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
100.9 100.3 99.7 99.1 100.0 99.7 99.4 98.9 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00079 TABLE 79 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
197 198 199 200 Ex. 100 201 202 203 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
3.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 97.6 97.9
98.2 98.5 98.9 97.1 97.3 97.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
98.5 97.9 97.4 96.8 96.1 97.0 96.7 96.3 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00080 TABLE 80 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1
33.1 28.1 23.1 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 97.8 98.1 98.4
98.7 99.1 97.7 97.9 98.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.9
95.4 94.9 94.4 93.8 93.9 93.6 93.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00081 TABLE 81 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0
40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 28.1
23.1 18.1 13.1 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 98.4 98.7 99.0
99.3 98.3 98.5 98.7 99.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.9
92.4 91.9 91.3 90.8 90.5 90.2 89.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00082 TABLE 82 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Item Unit
220 221 222 223 224 225 226 Ex. 101 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 8.1 3.1 23.1 18.1
13.1 8.1 3.1 18.1 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0
50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.3 99.6 98.9
99.1 99.3 99.6 99.9 99.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.3
88.8 87.6 87.3 87.0 86.6 86.2 84.4 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00083 TABLE 83 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 102 Ex. 103
Ex. 104 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 13.1 8.1
3.1 R1234yf Mass % 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 100.0 100.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 84.1 83.8 83.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00084 TABLE 84 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Item Unit
227 228 229 230 231 232 233 Ex. 105 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 55.7 50.7 45.7 40.7
35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.0 96.2 96.3
96.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.2 111.9
111.6 111.2 110.7 110.2 109.6 109.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00085 TABLE 85 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Item Unit
234 235 236 237 238 239 240 Ex. 106 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7
30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.4
96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 97.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
109.4 109.2 108.8 108.4 107.9 107.4 106.8 106.2 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00086 TABLE 86 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Item Unit
241 242 243 244 245 246 247 Ex. 107 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 96.7 96.8
97.0 97.2 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
106.6 106.3 106.0 105.5 105.1 104.5 104.0 103.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00087 TABLE 87 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Item Unit
248 249 250 251 252 253 254 Ex. 108 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7
20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 97.1 97.3
97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
103.7 103.4 103.0 102.6 102.2 101.6 101.1 100.5 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00088 TABLE 88 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7
10.7 5.7 30.7 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
30.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 97.6 97.7 97.9
98.1 98.4 98.6 98.9 98.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.7
100.4 100.1 99.7 99.2 98.7 98.2 97.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00089 TABLE 89 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6
98.9 99.1 98.6 98.7 98.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 97.4
97.1 96.7 96.2 95.7 94.7 94.4 94.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00090 TABLE 90 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.7 5.7 20.7 15.7 10.7
5.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0
45.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative 99.2 99.4 99.1
99.3 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.6
93.2 91.5 91.3 90.9 90.6 88.4 88.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00091 TABLE 91 Ex. Ex. Comp. Comp. Item Unit 279 280 Ex.
109 Ex. 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass %
5.7 10.7 5.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 R32 Mass % 29.3
29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative 100.0
100.3 100.4 100.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.8 85.2
85.0 82.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00092 TABLE 92 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
281 282 283 284 285 Ex. 111 286 287 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.9 35.9 30.9 25.9
20.9 15.9 35.9 30.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 298
298 298 298 298 298 299 299 COP ratio % (relative 97.8 97.9 97.9
98.1 98.2 98.4 98.2 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.5
112.3 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 109.8 109.5 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00093 TABLE 93 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
288 289 290 Ex. 112 291 292 293 294 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9
30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.5
98.6 98.8 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
109.2 108.8 108.4 108.0 107.0 106.7 106.4 106.0 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00094 TABLE 94 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
295 Ex. 113 296 297 298 299 300 301 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.9 5.9 25.9 20.9
15.9 10.9 5.9 20.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative 99.0 99.2
99.0 99.0 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
105.6 105.2 104.1 103.9 103.6 103.2 102.8 101.2 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00095 TABLE 95 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.9 10.9 5.9 15.9 10.9
5.9 10.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 299 299
299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative 99.5 99.6 99.7 99.8
99.9 100.0 100.3 100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.0
100.7 100.3 98.3 98.0 97.8 95.3 95.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00096 TABLE 96 Ex. Item Unit 400 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 GWP -- 299
COP ratio % (relative 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
92.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
[0441] The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity
ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:
[0442] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %, a straight line connecting
a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the
base, and the point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) is on the left side, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition
diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that
connects point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0,
-0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3);
[0443] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801);
[0444] if 18.2a<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the
ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a
straight line AB that connects point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695)
and point B(0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682);
[0445] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714); and
[0446] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05).
[0447] Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85%
or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in
FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when
coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB,
the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or
more.
[0448] Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition
diagram, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or
on the left side of, a straight line D'C that connects point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6) and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0); or if 11.1<a.ltoreq.46.7, when coordinates are in the
entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or
more.
[0449] In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved
line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three
points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5,
70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of
R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line
that connects point C and point D' (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the
intersection of the approximate line and a point where the
concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line
segment D'C. In FIG. 4, point D'(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly
obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C
(18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where
the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C
and point D' was defined as the straight line D'C.
[0450] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database
REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage,
Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0451] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured
according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF
having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be
classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0452] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0453] The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.
TABLE-US-00097 TABLE 97 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 6 Ex. 13 Ex. 19 Ex. 24 Ex. 29 Ex. 34 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %
72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4
33.2 32.7 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1
14.5 18.2 21.9 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00098 TABLE 98 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 39
Ex. 45 Ex. 51 Ex. 57 Ex. 62 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32
30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf Mass % 0 0 0
0 0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s
10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00099 TABLE 99 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 7 Ex. 14 Ex. 20 Ex. 25 Ex. 30 Ex. 35 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %
72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0
R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
10
TABLE-US-00100 TABLE 100 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 40
Ex. 46 Ex. 52 Ex. 58 Ex. 63 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32
30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9
21.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00101 TABLE 101 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 8 Ex. 15 Ex. 21 Ex. 26 Ex. 31 Ex. 36 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %
47.1 40.5 37.0 34.3 32.0 30.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.2
49.8 47.8 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that results in WCFF Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 92% C., 92% C., 92%
C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% release, release, release, release,
release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid phase
side phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side WCFF
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 62.4 56.2 50.6 45.1 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass %
28.0 31.6 33.0 33.4 32.5 30.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 0.0
0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 50.9 10.8 16.0 22.4 29.5 Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or less less less less less less
Burning velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00102 TABLE 102 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 41
Ex. 47 Ex. 53 Ex. 59 Ex. 64 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.1 28.8 29.3
29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 Mass % 44.2 41.9 34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf Mass %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak
condition that results in WCFF Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 92% C.,
92% C., 92% C., 90% C., 86% release, release, release, release,
release, liquid liquid liquid gas gas phase side phase side phase
side phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 34.6 32.2 27.7
28.3 27.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 26.5 23.9 17.5 18.2 16.7 R1234yf Mass %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 38.9 43.9 54.8 53.5 55.8 Burning
velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8.3 9.3 9.6 Burning
velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00103 TABLE 103 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 9 Ex. 16 Ex. 22 Ex. 27 Ex. 32 Ex. 37 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %
61.7 47.0 41.0 36.5 32.5 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.6 4.0
2.4 R1234yf Mass % 32.4 38.7 41.4 43.4 45.3 46.9 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that results in WCFF Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 0% C., 0% C., 0% C.,
92% C., 0% C., 0% release, release, release, release, release,
release, gas gas gas liquid gas gas phase side phase side phase
side phase side phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0
56.2 50.4 46.0 42.4 39.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 12.6 11.4 10.1 7.4
4.4 R1234yf Mass % 17.5 20.4 21.8 22.9 24.3 25.7 R32 Mass % 0.0
10.8 16.3 21.0 25.9 30.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning velocity
(WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00104 TABLE 104 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 42
Ex. 48 Ex. 54 Ex. 60 Ex. 65 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 24.3 22.5
21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5
46.4 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak
condition that results in WCFF Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 0% C., 0%
C., 0% C., 0% C., 0% release, release, release, release, release,
gas gas gas gas gas phase side phase side phase side phase side
phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.3 34.3 31.3 29.1 28.1
HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 27.4 26.2 23.1
19.8 18.2 R32 Mass % 37.3 39.6 45.6 51.1 53.7 Burning velocity
(WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less
Burning velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
[0454] The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following
cases:
[0455] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass
% and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a
point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or
below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and
point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0);
if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895); if
18.2<a_<26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition
diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0)
and point I (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or
below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0)
and point I (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a_<46.7,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or
below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0)
and point I (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098).
[0456] Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point
I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following
five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were
obtained.
TABLE-US-00105 TABLE 105 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8
55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4
33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.026a.sup.2 - 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a.sup.2 - 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a.sup.2 - 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123
-0.026a.sup.2 + 0..7478a + 28.0 -0.02a.sup.2 + 0..6013a + 28.895
-0.0135a.sup.2 + 0.4068a + 30.273 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 31.5 30.7 27.6
27.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0111a2 -
1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.9918a + 63.902 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 -0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 -0.0061a.sup.2 -
0.0082a + 36.098 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0 Approximate
expression
TABLE-US-00106 TABLE 106 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8
55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf
28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.026a.sup.2 - 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a.sup.2 - 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a.sup.2 - 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0
0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.026a.sup.2 + 0.7478a + 28.0
-0.02a.sup.2 + 0.6013a + 28.895 -0.0135a.sup.2 + 0.4068a + 30.273
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0
R1234yf 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.6 23.5 21.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a.sup.2 - 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.9918a + 63.902
Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf
-0.0111a.sup.2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 -0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.0082a + 36.098
Approximate expression
[0457] The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the
refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and
the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is
"2L (flammability)" in the following cases:
[0458] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % and a straight
line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in
the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK'
that connects point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point
K'(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates
are on a straight line JK' that connects point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0)
and point K'(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636, -0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line
JK' that connects point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493, -0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507,
0.0) and point K' (-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0,
0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0)
and point K'(-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).
[0459] Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved
line that connects point J and point K' (on the straight line AB)
in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly,
when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK', WCFF lower
flammability is achieved.
[0460] Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point
K' (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following
five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were
obtained.
TABLE-US-00107 TABLE 107 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 47.1 40.5 37
37.0 34.3 32.0 32.0 30.3 29.1 HFO-1123 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.9 51.2
49.8 49.8 47.8 44.2 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0049a.sup.2 - 0.9645a + 47.1 0.0243a.sup.2 - 1.4161a + 49.725
0.0246a.sup.2 - 1.4476a + 50.184 Approximate expression HFO-1123
-0.0049a.sup.2 - 0.0355a + 52.9 -0.0243a.sup.2 + 0.4161a + 50.275
-0.0246a.sup.2 + 0.4476a + 49.816 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
47.8 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.3 29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 44.2 41.9 34.0
34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0183a.sup.2 - 1.1399a + 46.493 -0.0134a.sup.2 + 1.0956a + 7.13
Approximate expression HFO-1123 -0.0183a.sup.2 + 0.1399a + 53.507
0.0134a.sup.2 - 2.0956a + 92.87 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0
Approximate expression
TABLE-US-00108 TABLE 108 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 61.7 47.0 41.0
41.0 36.5 32.5 32.5 28.8 24.8 HFO-1123 5.9 7.2 6.5 6.5 5.6 4.0 4.0
2.4 0 R1234yf 32.4 38.7 41.4 41.4 43.4 45.3 45.3 46.9 48.5 R32 x x
x HFO-1132(E) 0.0514a.sup.2 - 2.4353a + 61.7 0.0341a.sup.2 -
2.1977a + 61.187 0.0196a.sup.2 - 1.7863a + 58.515 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 -0.0323a.sup.2 + 0.4122a + 5.9 -0.0236a.sup.2 +
0.34a + 5.636 -0.0079a.sup.2 - 0.1136a + 8.702 Approximate
expression R1234yf -0.0191a.sup.2 + 1.0231a + 32.4 -0.0105a.sup.2 +
0.8577a + 33.177 -0.0117a.sup.2 + 0.8999a + 32.783 Approximate
expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7 .gtoreq. R32
.gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 24.8
24.3 22.5 22.5 21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 48.5 46.4
40.8 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E) -0.0051a.sup.2 + 0.0929a +
25.95 -1.892a + 29.443 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0
Approximate expression R1234yf 0.0051a.sup.2 - 1.0929a + 74.05
0.892a + 70.557 Approximate expression
[0461] FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %)
is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %,
21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %,
and 47.8 mass %, respectively.
[0462] Points A, B, C, and D' were obtained in the following manner
according to approximate calculation.
[0463] Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass
%, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of
R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were
obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and
their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).
TABLE-US-00109 TABLE 109 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 68.6 55.3 48.4
48.4 42.8 37 37 31.5 24.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 31.4
37.6 40.5 40.5 42.7 44.8 44.8 46.6 48.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0134a.sup.2 - 1.9681a + 68.6 0.0112a.sup.2 - 1.9337a + 68.484
0.0107a.sup.2 - 1.9142a + 68.305 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0
0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0134a.sup.2 + 0.9681a + 31.4
-0.0112a.sup.2 + 0.9337a + 31.516 -0.0107a.sup.2 + 0.9142a + 31.695
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 24.8 21.3 12.1 12.1 3.8 0 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf
48.5 49.4 51.2 51.2 52.1 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0103a.sup.2 -
1.9225a + 68.793 0.0085a.sup.2 - 1.8102a + 67.1 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf
-0.0103a.sup.2 + 0.9225a + 31..207 -0.0085a.sup.2 + 0.8102a + 32.9
Approximate expression
[0464] Point B is a point where the content of HID-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that
of R410A is achieved.
[0465] Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each
of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate
expressions were obtained (Table 110).
TABLE-US-00110 TABLE 110 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 HFO-1123 58.7 47.8 42.3 42.3 37.8 33.1 33.1 28.5 22.9 R1234yf
41.3 45.1 46.6 46.6 47.7 48.7 48.7 49.6 50.4 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0 0 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0144a.sup.2 - 1.6377a +
58.7 0.0075a.sup.2 - 1.5156a + 58.199 0.009a.sup.2 - 1.6045a +
59.318 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0144a.sup.2 + 0.6377a +
41.3 -0.0075a.sup.2 + 0.5156a + 41.801 -0.009a.sup.2 + 0.6045a +
40.682 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 HFO-1123 22.9 19.9 11.7 11.8 3.9 0 R1234yf
50.4 50.8 51.6 51.5 52.0 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0 0 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0.0046a.sup.2 - 1.41a + 57.286 0.0012a.sup.2 -
1.1659a + 52.95 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0046a.sup.2 +
0.41a + 42.714 -0.0012a.sup.2 + 0.1659a + 47.05 Approximate
expression
[0466] Point D' is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is
achieved.
[0467] Three points corresponding to point D' were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 111).
TABLE-US-00111 TABLE 111 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1
11.1 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 HFO-1123 75.4 83.4 88.9 R1234yf 24.6 9.5 0
R32 a HFO-1132(E) 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0224a.sup.2 +
0.968a + 75.4 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0224a.sup.2 -
1.968a + 24.6 Approximate expression
[0468] Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %,
and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
[0469] Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 112).
TABLE-US-00112 TABLE 112 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1
11.1 HFO-1132(E) 32.9 18.4 0 HFO-1123 67.1 74.5 88.9 R1234yf 0 0 0
R32 a HFO-1132(E) -0.2304a.sup.2 - 0.4062a + 32.9 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0.2304a.sup.2 - 0.5938a + 67.1 Approximate
expression R1234yf 0 Approximate expression
(5-4) Refrigerant D
[0470] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0471] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of
R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L)
according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0472] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0473] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that
connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);
[0474] the line segment U is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0);
[0475] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and
[0476] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0477] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0478] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that
connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM);
[0479] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4);
[0480] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02);
[0481] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4);
and
[0482] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0483] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0484] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect
the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments;
[0485] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
[0486] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and
[0487] the line segment UO is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0488] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0489] when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that
connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments;
[0490] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235);
[0491] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
[0492] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
[0493] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and
[0494] the line segment TL is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0495] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0496] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments;
[0497] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0498] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and
[0499] the line segment TP is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0500] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0501] when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that
connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3), point f
(47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line
segments;
[0502] the line segment ac is represented by coordinates
(0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904);
[0503] the line segment fd is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and
[0504] the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0505] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0506] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that
connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9), point e
(51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line
segments;
[0507] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904);
[0508] the line segment ed is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and
[0509] the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0510] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0511] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect
the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and point j
(77.5. 18.4, 4.1), or on these line segments;
[0512] the line segment gi is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604);
and
[0513] the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability.
[0514] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0515] when the mass % of HID-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HID-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect
the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and point k
(77.5, 14.6, 7.9), or on these line segments;
[0516] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604);
and
[0517] the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability.
[0518] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.
[0519] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
Examples of Refrigerant D
[0520] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the
refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.
[0521] The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was
performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK
Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping,
Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The
most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0522] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show
the results.
TABLE-US-00113 TABLE 113 Comparative Example Example Example
Example 13 Example 12 Example 14 Example 16 Item Unit I 11 J 13 K
15 L WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32 28.9 R32 Mass
% 0 10 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 28 32.8 33.2 31.2
27.6 23.8 19.4 Burning Velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00114 TABLE 114 Comparative Example Example Example 14
Example 19 Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 WCF
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0
10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.8
Leak condition that results in WCFF Storage, Storage, Storage,
Storage, Storage, Storage, Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. C., 0% C., 0% C., 0% C., 0% C.,
0% C., 0% release, on release, on release, on release, on release,
on release, on the gas the gas the gas the gas the gas the gas
phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side
WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 57.8 48.7 43.6 40.6 34.9 R32 Mass % 0.0
9.5 17.9 24.2 28.7 38.1 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.7 33.4 32.2 30.7
27.0 Burning Velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less Burning Velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10
10 10
TABLE-US-00115 TABLE 115 Example Example 23 Example 25 Item Unit O
24 P WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 36.8
44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 Leak condition that results
in WCFF Storage, Storage, Storage, Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. C., 0% C., 0% C., 0% release, on
release, on release, on the gas the gas the gas phase side phase
side phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 31.4 29.2 27.1 HFO-1123
Mass % 45.7 51.1 56.4 R1234yf Mass % 23.0 19.7 16.5 Burning
Velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning Velocity
(WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10
[0523] The results indicate that under the condition that the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line
segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or
below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower
flammability.
[0524] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in
the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line
segments that connect point M, point M', point W, point J, point N,
and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an
ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0525] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on
the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of
performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio
relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to
144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as
described below.
[0526] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0527] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C.
[0528] Degree of superheating: 5 K
[0529] Degree of subcooling: 5 K
[0530] Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0531] Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00116 TABLE 116 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3
Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A'
B' A'' B'' HFO-1132 (E) Mass % R410A 81.6 0.0 63.1 0.0 48.2 0.0 R32
Mass % 18.4 18.1 36.9 36.7 51.8 51.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 81.9 0.0
63.3 0.0 48.5 GWP -- 2088 125 125 250 250 350 350 COP Ratio %
(relative to 100 98.7 103.6 98.7 102.3 99.2 102.2 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 100 105.3 62.5 109.9 77.5 112.1 87.3
Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00117 TABLE 117 Comparative Comparative Example Example
Example 8 Comparative Example 10 Example 2 Example 4 Item Unit C
Example 9 C' 1 R 3 T HFO-1132(E) Mass % 85.5 66.1 52.1 37.8 25.5
16.6 8.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.6 R1234yf Mass
% 14.5 23.9 29.7 34.6 37.7 39.2 39.8 GWP -- 1 69 125 188 250 300
350 COP Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.3 99.3 99.6 100.2 100.8 101.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00118 TABLE 118 Comparative Example Example Comparative
Example Example 11 Example 6 Example 8 Example 12 Example 10 Item
Unit E 5 N 7 U G 9 V HFO-1132(E) Mass % 58.3 40.5 27.7 14.9 3.9
39.6 22.8 11.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.7 0.0 10.0 18.1
R1234yf Mass % 41.7 49.5 54.1 57.5 59.4 60.4 67.2 70.9 GWP -- 2 70
125 189 250 3 70 125 COP Ratio % (relative 100.3 100.3 100.7 101.2
101.9 101.4 101.8 102.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.0
80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00119 TABLE 119 Comparative Example Example Example
Example Example 13 Example 12 Example 14 Example 16 17 Item Unit I
11 J 13 K 15 L Q HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32.0
28.9 44.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 23.0 R1234yf
Mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 32.4 GWP -- 2 69 125 188
250 300 350 157 COP Ratio % (relative 99.9 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.6 99.8
100.1 99.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 88.4 90.9 94.2
97.7 100.5 103.3 92.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00120 TABLE 120 Comparative Example Example Example 14
Example 19 Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.5 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5
18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.9 GWP -- 2 36
70 100 125 188 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 100.9 100.9 100.8 100.7
100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 77.1 74.8 75.6 77.8 80.0
85.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00121 TABLE 121 Example Example Example 23 Example 25 26
Item Unit O 24 P S HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 21.9 R32 Mass
% 36.8 44.2 51.7 39.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 38.4 GWP -- 250
300 350 270 COP Ratio % (relative 100.4 100.5 100.6 100.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.0 95.0 99.1 92.5 Capacity Ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00122 TABLE 122 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Example 18 27 28 Example 19
Example 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
80.0 R32 Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R1234yf Mass % 85.0
75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 GWP -- 37 37 37 36 36 36 35 35
COP Ratio % (relative 103.4 102.6 101.6 100.8 100.2 99.8 99.6 99.4
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 56.4 63.3 69.5 75.2 80.5 85.4
90.1 94.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00123 TABLE 123 Comparative Comparative Example
Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 21 Example 22 29 Example 23 30 Example 24 Example 25
Example 26 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
80.0 R32 Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R1234yf
Mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 71 71 70 70
70 69 69 69 COP Ratio % (relative 103.1 102.1 101.1 100.4 99.8 99.5
99.2 99.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 61.8 68.3 74.3 79.7
84.9 89.7 94.2 98.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00124 TABLE 124 Comparative Example Comparative Example
Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 31
Example 28 32 33 Example 29 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0
25.0 15.0 5.0 GWP -- 104 104 104 103 103 103 103 102 COP Ratio %
(relative 102.7 101.6 100.7 100.0 99.5 99.2 99.0 98.9 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 66.6 72.9 78.6 84.0 89.0 93.7 98.1 102.2
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00125 TABLE 125 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 32 Example 33 Example 34 Example 35 Example 36 Example
37 Example 38 Example 39 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
25.0 R1234yf Mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 65.0 GWP --
138 138 137 137 137 136 136 171 COP Ratio % (relative 102.3 101.2
100.4 99.7 99.3 99.0 98.8 101.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
71.0 77.1 82.7 88.0 92.9 97.5 101.7 75.0 Capacity Ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00126 TABLE 126 Example Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Item Unit
34 Example 40 Example 41 Example 42 Example 43 Example 44 Example
45 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 20.0
R32 Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass %
55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 50.0 GWP -- 171 171 171 170 170
170 205 205 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 100.1 99.6 99.2 98.9 98.7
101.6 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 81.0 86.6 91.7 96.5
101.0 105.2 78.9 84.8 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00127 TABLE 127 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Example Example Comparative Item Unit Example
46 Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 36 37 38 Example 50 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 GWP -- 204 204 204 204 239 238 238 238 COP
Ratio % (relative 100.0 99.5 99.1 98.8 101.4 100.6 99.9 99.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.2 95.3 100.0 104.4 82.5 88.3
93.7 98.6 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00128 TABLE 128 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 39 Example 55 Example
56 Example 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 R1234yf
Mass % 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 45.0 GWP -- 237 237 272
272 272 271 271 306 COP Ratio % (relative 99.0 98.8 101.3 100.6
99.9 99.4 99.0 101.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.2
107.5 86.0 91.7 96.9 101.8 106.3 89.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00129 TABLE 129 Example Example Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit 40 41 Example
58 Example 59 Example 60 42 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0
45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 40.0
30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 305 305 305 304 339 339 339 338 COP Ratio %
(relative 100.6 100.0 99.5 99.1 101.3 100.6 100.0 99.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 100.0 104.7 109.2 92.4 97.8 102.9
107.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00130 TABLE 130 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Example Example Example Item Unit Example 63
Example 64 Example 65 Example 66 43 44 45 46 HFO-1132(E) Mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 R32 Mass % 55.0 55.0 55.0
55.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 38.0
35.0 32.0 GWP -- 373 372 372 372 22 22 22 22 COP Ratio % (relative
101.4 100.7 100.1 99.6 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.3 100.6 105.6 110.2 81.7 83.2 84.6
86.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00131 TABLE 131 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 49.0 52.0 55.0 58.0 61.0 43.0 46.0 49.0 R32 Mass
% 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 42.0 39.0
36.0 33.0 48.0 45.0 42.0 GWP -- 43 43 43 43 42 63 63 63 COP Ratio %
(relative 100.2 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.7 100.3 100.1 99.9 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 80.9 82.4 83.9 85.4 86.8 80.4 82.0 83.5
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00132 TABLE 132 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.0 55.0 58.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 50.0 R32 Mass
% 9.0 9.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 R1234yf Mass % 39.0 36.0
33.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 GWP -- 63 63 63 83 83 83 83 83 COP
Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.7 99.6 100.3 100.1 100.0 99.8 99.7 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 86.5 87.9 80.4 82.0 83.5 85.1
86.6 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00133 TABLE 133 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 53.0 33.0 36.0 39.0 42.0 45.0 48.0 51.0 R32 Mass
% 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 52.0
49.0 46.0 43.0 40.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 83 104 104 103 103 103 103 103
COP Ratio % (relative 99.6 100.5 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.7 99.6 99.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 80.3 81.9 83.5 85.0 86.5 88.0
89.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00134 TABLE 134 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 36.0 R32 Mass
% 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 53.0 50.0
47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 61.0 GWP -- 124 124 124 124 124 123 123 23
COP Ratio % (relative 100.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 99.6 99.5 101.3
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.6 82.2 83.8 85.4 86.9 88.4
89.9 71.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00135 TABLE 135 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 39.0 42.0 30.0 33.0 36.0 26.0 29.0 32.0 R32 Mass
% 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 58.0 55.0 64.0
61.0 58.0 65.0 62.0 59.0 GWP -- 23 23 43 43 43 64 64 63 COP Ratio %
(relative 101.1 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.0 101.6 101.3 101.1 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 72.7 74.4 70.5 72.2 73.9 71.0 72.8 74.5
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00136 TABLE 136 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 R32 Mass
% 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 67.0 64.0
61.0 58.0 69.0 66.0 63.0 60.0 GWP -- 84 84 84 84 104 104 104 104
COP Ratio % (relative 101.8 101.5 101.2 101.0 102.1 101.8 101.4
101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 70.8 72.6 74.3 76.0 70.4
72.3 74.0 75.8 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00137 TABLE 137 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 28.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 25.0 R32 Mass
% 15.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 21.0 R1234yf Mass % 57.0 70.0
67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 55.0 54.0 GWP -- 104 124 124 124 124 124 124
144 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 102.2 101.9 101.6 101.3 101.0 100.7
100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 77.5 70.5 72.4 74.2 76.0
77.7 79.4 80.7 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00138 TABLE 138 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 17.0 20.0 23.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 R32 Mass
% 24.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 52.0
56.0 53.0 50.0 57.0 54.0 51.0 GWP -- 164 164 185 185 184 205 205
205 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 100.6 101.1 100.8 100.6 101.3 101.0
100.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.8 82.5 80.8 82.5 84.2
80.7 82.5 84.2 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00139 TABLE 139 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 8.0 12.0 R32 Mass %
30.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 36.0 36.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.0 58.0
55.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 56.0 52.0 GWP -- 205 225 225 225 225 225 245
245 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 101.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 100.5 101.6
101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.9 80.5 82.3 84.1 85.8
87.5 82.0 84.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00140 TABLE 140 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 18.0 21.0 42.0 39.0 34.0 37.0 30.0 R32 Mass
% 36.0 36.0 36.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 31.0 34.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.0 46.0
43.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 32.0 36.0 GWP -- 245 245 245 170 191 211 211
231 COP Ratio % (relative 101.0 100.7 100.5 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.6
99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.2 87.9 89.6 92.7 93.4
93.0 94.5 93.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00141 TABLE 141 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 33.0 36.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 23.0 26.0 R32 Mass
% 34.0 34.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 40.0 40.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 30.0
39.0 36.0 33.0 30.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 231 231 252 251 251 251 272
272 COP Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 100.4
100.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.5 96.0 91.9 93.4 95.0
96.5 93.3 94.9 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00142 TABLE 142 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 18.0 R32 Mass
% 40.0 40.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 46.0 R1234yf Mass % 31.0 28.0
38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 26.0 36.0 GWP -- 272 271 292 292 292 292 292
312 COP Ratio % (relative 100.0 99.8 100.6 100.4 100.2 100.1 99.9
100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.4 97.9 93.1 94.7 96.2
97.8 99.3 94.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00143 TABLE 143 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 23.0 26.0 29.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 R32 Mass
% 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 31.0
28.0 25.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 GWP -- 312 312 312 312 332 332 332
332 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 100.4 100.2 100.0 101.1 100.9 100.7
100.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.0 97.0 98.6 100.1 93.5
95.1 96.7 98.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00144 TABLE 144 Example Example Item Unit 151 152
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 28.0 R32 Mass % 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass %
26.0 23.0 GWP -- 332 332 COP Ratio % (relative 100.3 100.1 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.8 101.3 Capacity Ratio to
R410A)
[0532] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments U, JN, NE, and EI that connect the
following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),
[0533] the line segment U is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0),
[0534] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7), and
[0535] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the
refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more
relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0536] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that connect
the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM),
[0537] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4),
[0538] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02),
[0539] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4),
and
[0540] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the
refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a
GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0541] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the
following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments,
[0542] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488),
[0543] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365),
and
[0544] the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0545] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the
following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments,
[0546] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235),
[0547] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
[0548] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512),
[0549] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324),
and
[0550] the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
a WCF lower flammability.
[0551] The results further indicate that under the condition that
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the
following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments,
[0552] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9),
[0553] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
and
[0554] the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
(5-5) Refrigerant E
[0555] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32).
[0556] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that
of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.
[0557] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0558] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments 1K, KB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GI);
[0559] the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0560] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0561] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0562] the line segments KB' and GI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93%
or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0563] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0564] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments U, JR, RG, and GI that
connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
[0565] the line segment U is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0566] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0567] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93%
or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0568] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0569] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GM);
[0570] the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0571] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0572] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0573] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or
less.
[0574] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0575] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that
connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
[0576] the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0577] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491 z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
[0578] the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0579] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0580] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T
(34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments;
[0581] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z),
[0582] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0583] the line segment PS is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or
less.
[0584] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0585] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and UQ that
connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D
(0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment B''D);
[0586] the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71 z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z),
[0587] the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and
[0588] the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or
less.
[0589] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0590] when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'e', e'a', and
a'O that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c'(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d'
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), point e' (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments c'd', d'e', and e'a' (excluding
the points c' and a');
[0591] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
[0592] the line segment d'e' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0535z.sup.2+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z.sup.2+0.6771z+46.043, z),
and
[0593] the line segments Oc', e'a', and a'O are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0594] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0595] when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea', and a'O
that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d
(76.3, 14.2, 9.5), point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments cd, de, and ea' (excluding the
points c and a');
[0596] the line segment cde is represented by coordinates
(-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z),
and
[0597] the line segments Oc, ea', and a'O are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0598] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0599] when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'a, and aO that
connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c'(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d'
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line
segments c'd' and d'a (excluding the points c' and a);
[0600] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
and
[0601] the line segments Oc', d'a, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0602] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0603] when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d
(76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line
segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);
[0604] the line segment cd is represented by coordinates
(-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z),
and
[0605] the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0606] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0607] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
Examples of Refrigerant E
[0608] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the
refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.
[0609] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145
and 146.
[0610] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0
under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and
recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most
flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0611] For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the
burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition
are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is
classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE
flammability classification.
[0612] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0613] Tables 145 and 146 show the results.
TABLE-US-00145 TABLE 145 Item Unit I J K L WCF HFO-1132(E) mass %
72.0 57.7 48.4 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 27.5 R32 mass %
0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00146 TABLE 146 Item Unit M N T P U Q WCF HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 38.5 34.8 31.8 28.7 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 51.0 49.8
41.2 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 30.1 37.0 Leak condition
that results in WCFF Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage,
Storage, Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. C., 92%, C., 92%, C., 92%, C., 92%, C., 92%, C., 92%,
release, on release, on release, on release, on release, on
release, on the liquid the liquid the liquid the liquid the liquid
the liquid phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side
phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 58.9 51.5 44.6 31.4 27.1
HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.4 33.1 32.6 23.2 18.3 R32 mass % 0.0 8.7
15.4 22.8 45.4 54.6 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less
8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
[0614] The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments 1K and KL that connect the
following 3 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and point L
(35.5, 27.5, 37.0); the line segment IK is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.00, z), and the line segment KL is
represented by coordinates (0.0098z.sup.2-1.238z+67.852,
-0.0098z.sup.2+0.238z+32.148, z), it can be determined that the
refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.
[0615] For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points,
i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2,
18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
y=100-z-x=-0.00922z.sup.2+0.2114z+32.443, z).
[0616] Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an
approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4,
33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5,
37.0) by using the least-square method to determine
coordinates.
[0617] The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the
following 3 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and point Q
(28.6, 34.4, 37.0), it can be determined that the refrigerant has
ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0618] In the above, the line segment MP is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867,
z).
[0619] For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve
was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using
the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on
the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three
points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method
to determine coordinates.
[0620] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
[0621] The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be
referred to as "cooling capacity" or "capacity") ratio relative to
those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The
conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5K Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0622] Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00147 TABLE 147 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3
Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A'
B' A'' B'' HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 0.0
HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 R32 mass % 9.5 9.5 18.4
18.4 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 2088 65 65 125 125 250 250 COP ratio %
(relative 100 99.1 92.0 98.7 93.4 98.7 96.1 to R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 100 102.2 111.6 105.3 113.7 110.0 115.4 capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE-US-00148 TABLE 148 Comparative Comparative Example
Comparative Example 8 Example 9 Comparative 1 Example Example 11
Item Unit O C Example 10 U 2 D HFO-1132(E) mass % 100.0 50.0 41.1
28.7 15.2 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 31.6 34.6 41.2 52.7 67.0 R32 mass
% 0.0 18.4 24.3 30.1 32.1 33.0 GWP -- 1 125 165 204 217 228 COP
ratio % (relative 99.7 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 98.3 109.9 111.7 113.5 114.8 115.4
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00149 TABLE 149 Comparative Example Example Comparative
Example 12 Comparative 3 4 Example 14 Item Unit E Example 13 T S F
HFO-1132(E) mass % 53.4 43.4 34.8 25.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 46.6
47.1 51.0 56.2 74.1 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 25.9 GWP -- 1 65
97 125 176 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.6 109.2 110.8 112.3 114.8 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00150 TABLE 150 Comparative Comparative Example 15 Example
6 Example 16 Item Unit G Example 5 R Example 7 H HFO-1132(E) mass %
38.5 31.5 23.1 16.9 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 61.5 63.5 67.4 71.1 84.2
R32 mass % 0.0 5.0 9.5 12.0 15.8 GWP -- 1 35 65 82 107 COP ratio %
(relative to 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative to 107.0 109.1 110.9 111.9 113.2 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00151 TABLE 151 Comparative Example Example Comparative
Example 17 8 9 Comparative Example 19 Item Unit I J K Example 18 L
HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 41.1 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0
32.8 33.2 31.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 27.7 37.0 GWP -- 1 65
125 188 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.6 95.8 95.9 96.4 97.1 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 107.4 110.1 112.1 113.2
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00152 TABLE 152 Comparative Example Example Example
Example 20 10 11 12 Item Unit M N P Q HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 38.5
31.8 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 49.8 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5
18.4 37.0 GWP -- 1 65 125 250 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.1 94.7
96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 109.7 112.0 114.1
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00153 TABLE 153 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Example Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example
22 Example 23 Example 24 14 15 16 Example 25 Example 26 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 85.0
75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 COP ratio % (relative
91.7 92.2 92.9 93.7 94.6 95.6 96.7 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 110.1 109.8 109.2 108.4 107.4 106.1 104.7 103.1 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00154 TABLE 154 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Example Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example
27 Example 28 Example 29 17 18 19 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 90.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0
80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 R32 mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 35 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 COP ratio %
(relative 98.8 92.4 92.9 93.5 94.3 95.1 96.1 97.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 101.4 111.7 111.3 110.6 109.6 108.5 107.2
105.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00155 TABLE 155 Comparative Example Example Example
Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 32 20 21
22 23 24 Example 33 Example 34 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 10.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
GWP -- 68 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 COP ratio % (relative 98.0
93.1 93.6 94.2 94.9 95.6 96.5 97.4 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 104.1 112.9 112.4 111.6 110.6 109.4 108.1 106.6 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00156 TABLE 156 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 35 Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 Example
40 Example 41 Example 42 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP --
102 136 136 136 136 136 136 136 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 93.9
94.3 94.8 95.4 96.2 97.0 97.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
105.0 113.8 113.2 112.4 111.4 110.2 108.8 107.3 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00157 TABLE 157 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Example 46 Example 47 Example
48 Example 49 Example 50 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0
5.0 60.0 R32 mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 GWP --
170 170 170 170 170 170 170 203 COP ratio % (relative 94.6 94.9
95.4 96.0 96.7 97.4 98.2 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
114.4 113.8 113.0 111.9 110.7 109.4 107.9 114.8 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00158 TABLE 158 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Example Example Comparative Item Unit
Example 51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 Example 55 25 26
Example 56 HFO-1132(E) mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0
30.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 R32
mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 203 203 203
203 203 237 237 237 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 96.0 96.6 97.2 97.9
96.0 96.3 96.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.2 113.4
112.4 111.2 109.8 115.1 114.5 113.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00159 TABLE 159 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 57 Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 Example 61 Example
62 Example 63 Example 64 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0
20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 25.0 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP --
237 237 237 271 271 271 271 271 COP ratio % (relative 97.1 97.7
98.3 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
112.6 111.5 110.2 115.1 114.6 113.8 112.8 111.7 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00160 TABLE 160 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 HFO-1123
mass % 60.0 58.0 56.0 54.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 R32 mass % 2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 GWP -- 14 14 14 14 28 28 28 28 COP ratio %
(relative 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.7 107.5 107.3 107.2 108.6 108.4 108.2
108.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00161 TABLE 161 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
HFO-1132(E) mass % 43.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 27.0 HFO-1123
mass % 53.0 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 65.0 R32 mass % 4.0 6.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 GWP -- 28 41 41 41 41 41 41 55 COP ratio %
(relative 93.9 93.1 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.9 93.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.8 109.5 109.3 109.1 109.0 108.8 108.6
110.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00162 TABLE 162 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
HFO-1132(E) mass % 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 32.0 32.0 HFO-1123
mass % 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 51.0 50.0 R32 mass % 8.0 8.0
8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 17.0 18.0 GWP -- 55 55 55 55 55 55 116 122 COP
ratio % (relative 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.6 93.8 94.0 94.5 94.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 110.1 110.0 109.8 109.6 109.5 109.3 111.8
111.9 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00163 TABLE 163 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 27.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 13.0 HFO-1123
mass % 52.0 42.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 54.0 52.0 R32 mass % 18.0 31.0
33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 122 210 223 223 223 223 237
237 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 96.0 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 96.0 96.0
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.1 113.7 114.3 114.2 114.0
113.8 115.0 114.9 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00164 TABLE 164 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66
HFO-1132(E) mass % 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 HFO-1123
mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 52.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0
35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 237 237 237 237 237
250 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.5 96.2
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2
114.1 113.9 115.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00165 TABLE 165 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
HFO-1132(E) mass % 13.0 15.0 17.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 HFO-1123
mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 R32 mass % 37.0 37.0
37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 250 250 250 237 237 237 237 237 COP
ratio % (relative 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 115.0 114.9 114.7 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4
114.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00166 TABLE 166 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
HFO-1132(E) mass % 25.0 27.0 11.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 HFO-1123
mass % 40.0 38.0 52.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R32 mass % 0.0 0.0
0.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 250 250 250 250 250 250
COP ratio % (relative 96.4 96.5 96.2 96.5 96.5 96.6 96.7 96.8 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.1 113.9 115.1 114.6 114.5
114.3 114.1 114.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
[0623] The above results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and
the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the
following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A'' (63.0, 0.0, 37.0), point B''
(0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.
[0624] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.
[0625] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), point B (0.0,
90.5, 9.5), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.
[0626] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4), point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and point
D(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has
a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0627] In the above, the line segment CU is represented by
coordinates (-0.0538z.sup.2+0.7888z+53.701,
0.0538z.sup.2-1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is
represented by coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z).
[0628] The points on the line segment CU are determined from three
points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by
using the least-square method.
[0629] The points on the line segment UD are determined from three
points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the
least-square method.
[0630] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0), point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and point F
(0.0, 76.7, 23.3), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0631] In the above, the line segment ET is represented by
coordinates (-0.0547z.sup.2-0.5327z+53.4,
0.0547z.sup.2-0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is
represented by coordinates (-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931,
0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z).
[0632] The points on the line segment ET are determined from three
points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the
least-square method.
[0633] The points on the line segment TF are determined from three
points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square
method.
[0634] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3), point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and point H
(0.0, 85.9, 14.1), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0635] In the above, the line segment GR is represented by
coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is
represented by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z).
[0636] The points on the line segment GR are determined from three
points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the
least-square method.
[0637] The points on the line segment RH are determined from three
points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the
least-square method.
[0638] In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples
8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the
concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double
bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to
deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the
refrigerant compound.
(6) First Embodiment
[0639] Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1 that serves as a
refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a first embodiment will
be described with reference to FIG. 16 that is the schematic
configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 17 that is
a schematic control block configuration diagram.
[0640] The air conditioner 1 is an apparatus that air-conditions a
space to be air-conditioned by performing a vapor compression
refrigeration cycle.
[0641] The air conditioner 1 mainly includes an outdoor unit 20, an
indoor unit 30, a liquid-side connection pipe 6 and a gas-side
connection pipe 5 connecting the outdoor unit 20 and the indoor
unit 30, a remote control unit (not shown) serving as an input
device and an output device, and a controller 7 that controls the
operation of the air conditioner 1.
[0642] In the air conditioner 1, the refrigeration cycle in which
refrigerant sealed in a refrigerant circuit 10 is compressed,
cooled or condensed, decompressed, heated or evaporated, and then
compressed again is performed. In the present embodiment, the
refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerant for performing a
vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a
refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and any one of the
above-described refrigerants A to E may be used. The refrigerant
circuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil together with
the refrigerant.
(6-1) Outdoor Unit 20
[0643] The outdoor unit 20 has substantially a rectangular
parallelepiped box shape from its appearance, and has a structure
in which a fan chamber and a machine chamber are formed (so-called,
trunk structure) when the inside is divided by a partition plate,
or the like.
[0644] The outdoor unit 20 is connected to the indoor unit 30 via
the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe
5, and makes up part of the refrigerant circuit 10. The outdoor
unit 20 mainly includes a compressor 21, a four-way valve 22, an
outdoor heat exchanger 23, an outdoor expansion valve 24, an
outdoor fan 25, a liquid-side stop valve 29, and a gas-side stop
valve 28.
[0645] The compressor 21 is a device that compresses low-pressure
refrigerant into high pressure in the refrigeration cycle. Here,
the compressor 21 is a hermetically sealed compressor in which a
positive-displacement, such as a rotary type and a scroll type,
compression element (not shown) is driven for rotation by a
compressor motor. The compressor motor is used to change the
displacement. The operation frequency of the compressor motor is
controllable with an inverter. The compressor 21 is provided with
an attached accumulator (not shown) at its suction side. The
outdoor unit 20 of the present embodiment does not have a
refrigerant container larger than the attached accumulator (a
low-pressure receiver disposed at the suction side of the
compressor 21, a high-pressure receiver disposed at a liquid side
of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, or the like).
[0646] The four-way valve 22 is able to switch between a cooling
operation connection state and a heating operation connection state
by switching the status of connection. In the cooling operation
connection state, a discharge side of the compressor 21 and the
outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected, and the suction side of
the compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected. In
the heating operation connection state, the discharge side of the
compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected, and the
suction side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23
are connected.
[0647] The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a heat exchanger that
functions as a condenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the
refrigeration cycle during cooling operation and that functions as
an evaporator for low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration
cycle during heating operation. The outdoor heat exchanger 23
includes a plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat
transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer
fins.
[0648] The outdoor fan 25 takes outdoor air into the outdoor unit
20, causes the air to exchange heat with refrigerant in the outdoor
heat exchanger 23, and then generates air flow for emitting the air
to the outside. The outdoor fan 25 is driven for rotation by an
outdoor fan motor. In the present embodiment, only one outdoor fan
25 is provided.
[0649] The outdoor expansion valve 24 is able to control the valve
opening degree, and is provided between a liquid-side end portion
of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the liquid-side stop valve
29.
[0650] The liquid-side stop valve 29 is a manual valve disposed at
a connection point at which the outdoor unit 20 is connected to the
liquid-side connection pipe 6.
[0651] The gas-side stop valve 28 is a manual valve disposed at a
connection point at which the outdoor unit 20 is connected to the
gas-side connection pipe 5.
[0652] The outdoor unit 20 includes an outdoor unit control unit 27
that controls the operations of parts that make up the outdoor unit
20. The outdoor unit control unit 27 includes a microcomputer
including a CPU, a memory, and the like. The outdoor unit control
unit 27 is connected to an indoor unit control unit 34 of indoor
unit 30 via a communication line, and sends or receives control
signals, or the like, to or from the indoor unit control unit 34.
The outdoor unit control unit 27 is electrically connected to
various sensors (not shown), and receives signals from the
sensors.
(6-2) Indoor Unit 30
[0653] The indoor unit 30 is placed on a wall surface, or the like,
in a room that is the space to be air-conditioned. The indoor unit
30 is connected to the outdoor unit 20 via the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, and makes up
part of the refrigerant circuit 10.
[0654] The indoor unit 30 includes an indoor heat exchanger 31, an
indoor fan 32, and the like.
[0655] A liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is connected
to the liquid-side connection pipe 6, and a gas side of the indoor
heat exchanger 31 is connected to the gas-side connection pipe 5.
The indoor heat exchanger 31 is a heat exchanger that functions as
an evaporator for low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration
cycle during cooling operation and that functions as a condenser
for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during
heating operation. The indoor heat exchanger 31 includes a
plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer
tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer fins.
[0656] The indoor fan 32 takes indoor air into the indoor unit 30,
causes the air to exchange heat with refrigerant in the indoor heat
exchanger 31, and then generates air flow for emitting the air to
the outside. The indoor fan 32 is driven for rotation by an indoor
fan motor (not shown).
[0657] The indoor unit 30 includes an indoor unit control unit 34
that controls the operations of the parts that make up the indoor
unit 30. The indoor unit control unit 34 includes a microcomputer
including a CPU, a memory, and the like. The indoor unit control
unit 34 is connected to the outdoor unit control unit 27 via a
communication line, and sends or receives control signals, or the
like, to or from the outdoor unit control unit 27.
[0658] The indoor unit control unit 34 is electrically connected to
various sensors (not shown) provided inside the indoor unit 30, and
receives signals from the sensors.
(6-3) Details of Controller 7
[0659] In the air conditioner 1, the outdoor unit control unit 27
and the indoor unit control unit 34 are connected via the
communication line to make up the controller 7 that controls the
operation of the air conditioner 1.
[0660] The controller 7 mainly includes a CPU (central processing
unit) and a memory such as a ROM and a RAM. Various processes and
controls made by the controller 7 are implemented by various parts
included in the outdoor unit control unit 27 and/or the indoor unit
control unit 34 functioning together.
(6-4) Operation Mode
[0661] Hereinafter, operation modes will be described.
[0662] The operation modes include a cooling operation mode and a
heating operation mode.
[0663] The controller 7 determines whether the operation mode is
the cooling operation mode or the heating operation mode and
performs the selected operation mode based on an instruction
received from the remote control unit, or the like.
[0664] (6-4-1) Cooling Operation Mode
[0665] In the air conditioner 1, in the cooling operation mode, the
status of connection of the four-way valve 22 is set to the cooling
operation connection state where the discharge side of the
compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected and
the suction side of the compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve
28 are connected, and refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit
10 is mainly circulated in order of the compressor 21, the outdoor
heat exchanger 23, the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the indoor
heat exchanger 31.
[0666] More specifically, when the cooling operation mode is
started, refrigerant is taken into the compressor 21, compressed,
and then discharged in the refrigerant circuit 10.
[0667] In the compressor 21, displacement control commensurate with
a cooling load that is required from the indoor unit 30 is
performed. Gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 passes
through the four-way valve 22 and flows into the gas-side end of
the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
[0668] Gas refrigerant having flowed into the gas-side end of the
outdoor heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat in the outdoor heat
exchanger 23 with outdoor-side air that is supplied by the outdoor
fan 25 to condense into liquid refrigerant and flows out from the
liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
[0669] Refrigerant having flowed out from the liquid-side end of
the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is decompressed when passing through
the outdoor expansion valve 24. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is
controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that
passes through a liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger
23 satisfies a predetermined condition.
[0670] Refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor expansion valve 24
passes through the liquid-side stop valve 29 and the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 and flows into the indoor unit 30.
[0671] Refrigerant having flowed into the indoor unit 30 flows into
the indoor heat exchanger 31, exchanges heat in the indoor heat
exchanger 31 with indoor air that is supplied by the indoor fan 32
to evaporate into gas refrigerant, and flows out from the gas-side
end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. Gas refrigerant having flowed
out from the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31 flows to
the gas-side connection pipe 5.
[0672] Refrigerant having flowed through the gas-side connection
pipe 5 passes through the gas-side stop valve 28 and the four-way
valve 22, and is taken into the compressor 21 again.
[0673] (6-4-2) Heating Operation Mode
[0674] In the air conditioner 1, in the heating operation mode, the
status of connection of the four-way valve 22 is set to the heating
operation connection state where the discharge side of the
compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected and the
suction side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23
are connected, and refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 10
is mainly circulated in order of the compressor 21, the indoor heat
exchanger 31, the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the outdoor heat
exchanger 23.
[0675] More specifically, when the heating operation mode is
started, refrigerant is taken into the compressor 21, compressed,
and then discharged in the refrigerant circuit 10.
[0676] In the compressor 21, displacement control commensurate with
a heating load that is required from the indoor unit 30 is
performed. Gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows
through the four-way valve 22 and the gas-side connection pipe 5
and then flows into the indoor unit 30.
[0677] Refrigerant having flowed into the indoor unit 30 flows into
the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31, exchanges heat in
the indoor heat exchanger 31 with indoor air that is supplied by
the indoor fan 32 to condense into refrigerant in a gas-liquid
two-phase state or liquid refrigerant, and flows out from the
liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. Refrigerant having
flowed out from the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31
flows into the liquid-side connection pipe 6.
[0678] Refrigerant having flowed through the liquid-side connection
pipe 6 is decompressed to a low pressure in the refrigeration cycle
in the liquid-side stop valve 29 and the outdoor expansion valve
24. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the
degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through a
liquid-side outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a
predetermined condition. Refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor
expansion valve 24 flows into the liquid-side end of the outdoor
heat exchanger 23.
[0679] Refrigerant having flowed in from the liquid-side end of the
outdoor heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat in the outdoor heat
exchanger 23 with outdoor air that is supplied by the outdoor fan
25 to evaporate into gas refrigerant, and flows out from the
gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
[0680] Refrigerant having flowed out from the gas-side end of the
outdoor heat exchanger 23 passes through the four-way valve 22 and
is taken into the compressor 21 again.
(6-5) Liquid-Side Connection Pipe 6
[0681] The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1
in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
first embodiment has D.sub.0 in the range of
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4" where the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches, and has the same pipe outer diameter
as a liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used.
Since the physical properties such as pressure losses of the
above-described refrigerants A to E are approximate to those of
refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 is set to the same pipe outer diameter as the
pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when
refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in capacity can be
suppressed.
[0682] Specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the first
embodiment preferably has D.sub.0 of 2 (that is, the pipe diameter
is 1/4 inches).
[0683] More specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the
present embodiment more preferably has D.sub.0 of 2.5 (that is, the
pipe diameter is 5/16 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity
of the air conditioner 1 is greater than or equal to 7.5 kW, more
preferably has D.sub.0 of 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4
inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1 is greater than or equal to 2.6 kW and less than 7.5
kW, and more preferably has D.sub.0 of 1.5 (that is, the pipe
diameter is 3/16 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of
the air conditioner 1 is less than 2.6 kW.
(6-6) Gas-Side Connection Pipe 5
[0684] The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 in
which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the first
embodiment has D.sub.0 in the range of "3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8"
where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches, and
has the same pipe outer diameter as the gas-side connection pipe
when refrigerant R410A is used. Since the physical properties such
as pressure losses of the above-described refrigerants A to E are
approximate to those of refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer
diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 is set to the same pipe
outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side
connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed.
[0685] Specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the first
embodiment preferably has D.sub.0 of 4 (that is, the pipe diameter
is 1/2 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1 is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, and preferably
has D.sub.0 of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/8 inches) when
the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 is less
than 6.0 kW.
[0686] More specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the
first embodiment more preferably has D.sub.0 of 4 (that is, the
pipe diameter is 1/2 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity
of the air conditioner 1 is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, more
preferably has D.sub.0 of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/8
inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1 is greater than or equal to 3.2 kW and less than 6.0
kW, and more preferably has D.sub.0 of 2.5 (that is, the pipe
diameter is 5/16 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of
the air conditioner 1 is less than 3.2 kW.
(6-7) Characteristics of First Embodiment
[0687] In the above-described air conditioner 1, since refrigerant
containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a GWP can be sufficiently
reduced.
[0688] In the air conditioner 1, when the pipe outer diameter of
the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the pipe outer diameter of
the gas-side connection pipe 5 each fall within an associated
predetermined range, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed even
when the specific refrigerants A to E are used.
(6-8) Relationship Between Refrigerant and Pipe Outer Diameter of
Connection Pipe
[0689] In the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment, when not
the refrigerants A to E are used but refrigerant R410A or R32 is
used, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection
pipe 5 each having the pipe outer diameter (inches) as shown in the
following Table 167 and Table 168 are generally used according to
the range of the rated refrigeration capacity.
[0690] In contrast to this, in the air conditioner 1 of the first
embodiment, in the case where the refrigerant A (which also applies
to the refrigerants B to E) of the present disclosure, containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, is used, when the liquid-side connection pipe
6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer
diameters (inches) as shown in the following Table 167 or Table 168
are used according to the range of the rated refrigeration
capacity, a decrease in capacity in the case where the refrigerant
A (which also applies to the refrigerants B to E) of the present
disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used can be
suppressed.
TABLE-US-00167 Rated R410A, R32 Refrigerant A Horse Refrigeration
Gas-Side Liquid-Side Gas-Side Liquid-Side Power Capacity Connection
Connection Connection Connection [HP] [kW] Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe 0.8
2.2 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4 0.9 2.5 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4 1.0 2.8 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4
1.3 3.6 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4 1.4 4.0 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4 2.0 5.6 3/8 1/4 3/8
1/4 2.3 6.3 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.5 7.1 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.9 8.0 1/2 1/4
1/2 1/4 3.2 9.0 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4
TABLE-US-00168 Rated R410A, R32 Refrigerant A Horse Refrigeration
Gas-Side Liquid-Side Gas-Side Liquid-Side Power Capacity Connection
Connection Connection Connection [HP] [kW] Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe 0.8
2.2 3/8 1/4 5/16 3/16 0.9 2.5 3/8 1/4 5/16 3/16 1.0 2.8 3/8 1/4
5/16 1/4 1.3 3.6 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4 1.4 4.0 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4 2.0 5.6
3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4 2.3 6.3 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.5 7.1 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.9
8.0 1/2 1/4 1/2 5/16 3.2 9.0 1/2 1/4 1/2 5/16
[0691] Here, for cases where refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, or
the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, is used and the liquid-side connection pipe 6
and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer diameters
shown in Table 168 are used in the air conditioner 1 of the first
embodiment, FIG. 18 shows a pressure loss in the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 during heating operation, and FIG. 19 shows a
pressure loss in the gas-side connection pipe 5 during cooling
operation. In calculating a pressure loss, controlled target values
of a condensation temperature, an evaporating temperature, a degree
of subcooling of refrigerant at the condenser outlet, and a degree
of superheating of refrigerant at the evaporator outlet are
commonalized, and pressure losses of refrigerant in the connection
pipes are calculated based on a refrigerant circulation amount that
is required for operation at a rated capacity commensurate with a
horse power. The unit of horse power is HP.
[0692] As is apparent from FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, it is found that
the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, has an approximate behavior of pressure loss
to the behavior of pressure loss of refrigerant R410A and a
decrease in capacity can be suppressed when the refrigerant A is
used in the air conditioner 1. This point also applies to the
refrigerants B to E that are the same in containing
1,2-difluoroethylene.
(6-9) Modification A of First Embodiment
[0693] In the above-described first embodiment, the air conditioner
including only one indoor unit is described as an example; however,
the air conditioner may include a plurality of indoor units (with
no indoor expansion valve) connected in parallel with each
other.
(7) Second Embodiment
[0694] Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1a that serves as a
refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second embodiment will
be described with reference to FIG. 20 that is the schematic
configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 21 that is
a schematic control block configuration diagram.
[0695] Hereinafter, mainly, the air conditioner 1a of the second
embodiment will be described with a focus on a portion different
from the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment.
[0696] In the air conditioner 1a as well, the refrigerant circuit
10 is filled with a refrigerant mixture that contains
1,2-difluoroethylene and that is any one of the above-described
refrigerants A to E as a refrigerant for performing a vapor
compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit 10 is
filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the
refrigerant.
(7-1) Outdoor Unit 20
[0697] In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1a of the
second embodiment, a first outdoor fan 25a and a second outdoor fan
25b are provided as the outdoor fans 25. The outdoor heat exchanger
23 of the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1a has a wide heat
exchange area so as to adapt to air flow coming from the first
outdoor fan 25a and the second outdoor fan 25b.
[0698] In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1a, instead of
the outdoor expansion valve 24 of the outdoor unit 20 in the
above-described first embodiment, a first outdoor expansion valve
44, an intermediate pressure receiver 41, and a second outdoor
expansion valve 45 are sequentially provided between the liquid
side of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the liquid-side stop
valve 29. The first outdoor expansion valve 44 and the second
outdoor expansion valve 45 each are able to control the valve
opening degree. The intermediate pressure receiver 41 is a
container that is able to store refrigerant. Both an end portion of
a pipe extending from the first outdoor expansion valve 44 side and
an end portion of a pipe extending from the second outdoor
expansion valve 45 side are located in the internal space of the
intermediate pressure receiver 41. The internal volume of the
intermediate pressure receiver 41 is greater than the internal
volume of the attached accumulator attached to the compressor 21
and is preferably greater than or equal to twice.
[0699] The outdoor unit 20 of the second embodiment has
substantially a rectangular parallelepiped shape and has a
structure in which a fan chamber and a machine chamber are formed
(so-called, trunk structure) when divided by a partition plate, or
the like, extending vertically.
[0700] The outdoor heat exchanger 23 includes, for example, a
plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer
tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer fins. The outdoor
heat exchanger 23 is disposed in an L-shape in plan view.
[0701] In the above air conditioner 1a, in the cooling operation
mode, the first outdoor expansion valve 44 is, for example,
controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that
passes through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger
23 satisfies a predetermined condition. In the cooling operation
mode, the second outdoor expansion valve 45 is, for example,
controlled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that
the compressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition.
[0702] In the heating operation mode, the second outdoor expansion
valve 45 is, for example, controlled such that the degree of
subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side
outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined
condition. In the heating operation mode, the first outdoor
expansion valve 44 is, for example, controlled such that the degree
of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in
satisfies a predetermined condition.
(7-2) Indoor Unit 30
[0703] The indoor unit 30 of the second embodiment is placed so as
to be suspended in an upper space in a room that is a space to be
air-conditioned or placed at a ceiling surface or placed on a wall
surface and used. The indoor unit 30 is connected to the outdoor
unit 20 via the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side
connection pipe 5, and makes up part of the refrigerant circuit
10.
[0704] The indoor unit 30 includes the indoor heat exchanger 31,
the indoor fan 32, and the like.
[0705] The indoor heat exchanger 31 of the second embodiment
includes a plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat
transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer
fins.
(7-3) Liquid-Side Connection Pipe 6
[0706] The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1a
in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
second embodiment may have D.sub.0 in the range of
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4" where the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches regardless of the relationship with
the pipe outer diameter when R410A or R32 is used.
[0707] The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1a
in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
second embodiment has D.sub.0 in the range of
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4" when the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is the
pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when
refrigerant R32 is used). Since the above-described refrigerants A
to E cause a pressure loss more easily than refrigerant R32 but the
pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air
conditioner 1a of the second embodiment is greater than or equal to
the pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R32 is used, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed. Specifically, the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1a preferably has D.sub.0
of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/8 inches) where the pipe
outer diameter is expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches (where,
"D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side
connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used) when the rated
refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1a is greater than
5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW and more preferably has D.sub.0 of 3
(that is, the pipe diameter is 3/8 inches) when the rated
refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1a is greater than or
equal to 6.3 kW and less than or equal to 10.0 kW.
[0708] The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1a
in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
second embodiment has D.sub.0 in the range of
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4" where the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches, and has the same pipe outer diameter
as the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used.
Since the physical properties such as pressure losses of the
above-described refrigerants A to E are approximate to those of
refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 is set to the same pipe outer diameter as the
pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when
refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in capacity can be
suppressed.
[0709] Specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air
conditioner 1a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are
used in the second embodiment preferably has D.sub.0 of 3 (that is,
the pipe diameter is 3/8 inches) where the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches when the rated refrigeration capacity
of the air conditioner 1a is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW, and
preferably has D.sub.0 of 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4
inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1a is less than 6.3 kW, and more preferably has the
same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the
liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used in each
case.
[0710] More specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the
air conditioner 1a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E
are used in the second embodiment preferably has D.sub.0 of 3 (that
is, the pipe diameter is 3/8 inches) where the pipe outer diameter
is expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches when the rated refrigeration
capacity of the air conditioner 1a is greater than or equal to 12.5
kW, preferably has D.sub.0 of 2.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is
5/16 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1a is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than
12.5 kW, and preferably has D.sub.0 of 2 (that is, the pipe
diameter is 1/4 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of
the air conditioner 1a is less than 6.3 kW
(7-4) Gas-Side Connection Pipe 5
[0711] The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1a in
which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
second embodiment may have D.sub.0 in the range of
"3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8" where the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches regardless of the relationship with
the pipe outer diameter when R410A or R32 is used.
[0712] The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1a in
which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
second embodiment has D.sub.0 in the range of
"3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8" when the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is the
pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when
refrigerant R32 is used). Since the above-described refrigerants A
to E cause a pressure loss more easily than refrigerant R32 but the
pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air
conditioner 1a of the second embodiment is greater than or equal to
the pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R32 is used, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed. Specifically, the gas-side connection
pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1a preferably has D.sub.0 of 7 (that
is, the pipe diameter is 7/8 inches) where the pipe outer diameter
is expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is
the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when
refrigerant R32 is used) when the rated refrigeration capacity of
the air conditioner 1a is greater than 22.4 kW, preferably has
D.sub.0 of 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches) when the
rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1a is greater
than 14.0 kW and less than 22.4 kW, preferably has D.sub.0 of 5
(that is, the pipe diameter is 5/8 inches) when the rated
refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1a is greater than
5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and preferably has D.sub.0 of 4 (that
is, the pipe diameter is 1/2 inches) when the rated refrigeration
capacity of the air conditioner 1a is less than 4.5 kW In this
case, D.sub.0 is more preferably 7 (that is, the pipe diameter is
7/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1a is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, D.sub.0 is more
preferably 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches) when the
rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1a is greater
than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than 19.0 kW, D.sub.0 is more
preferably 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/8 inches) when the
rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1a is greater
than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 10.0 kW, and D.sub.0 is more
preferably 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/2 inches) when the
rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1a is less than
4.0 kW.
[0713] The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1a in
which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
second embodiment has D.sub.0 in the range of
"3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8" where the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches, and has the same pipe outer diameter
as the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used.
Since the physical properties such as pressure losses of the
above-described refrigerants A to E are approximate to those of
refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side
connection pipe 5 is set to the same pipe outer diameter as the
pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when
refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in capacity can be
suppressed.
[0714] Specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air
conditioner 1a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are
used in the second embodiment preferably has D.sub.0 of 7 (that is,
the pipe diameter is 7/8 inches) when the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches when the rated refrigeration capacity
of the air conditioner 1a is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW,
preferably has D.sub.0 of 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8
inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1a is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than
25.0 kW, preferably has D.sub.0 of 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is
5/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1a is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than
15.0 kW, preferably has D.sub.0 of 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is
1/2 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1a is less than 6.3 kW, and more preferably has the
same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side
connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used in each case.
(7-5) Characteristics of Second Embodiment
[0715] In the above-described air conditioner 1a according to the
second embodiment as well, as well as the air conditioner 1
according to the first embodiment, since refrigerant containing
1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a GWP can be sufficiently
reduced.
[0716] In the air conditioner 1a, when the pipe outer diameter of
the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the pipe outer diameter of
the gas-side connection pipe 5 each fall within an associated
predetermined range, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed even
when the specific refrigerants A to E are used.
(7-6) Relationship Between Refrigerant and Pipe Outer Diameter of
Connection Pipe
[0717] In the air conditioner 1a of the second embodiment, when not
the refrigerants A to E are used but refrigerant R410A or R32 is
used, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection
pipe 5 each having the pipe outer diameter (inches) as shown in the
following Table 169 and Table 170 are generally used according to
the range of the rated refrigerationg capacity.
[0718] In contrast to this, in the air conditioner 1a of the second
embodiment, in the case where the refrigerant A (which also applies
to the refrigerants B to E) of the present disclosure, containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, is used, when the liquid-side connection pipe
6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer
diameters (inches) as shown in the following Table 169 or Table 170
according to the range of the rated refrigeration capacity, a
decrease in capacity in the case where the refrigerant A (which
also applies to the refrigerants B to E) of the present disclosure,
containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used can be suppressed.
TABLE-US-00169 Rated R410A R32 Refrigerant A Horse Refrigeration
Gas-Side Liquid-Side Gas-Side Liquid-Side Gas-Side Liquid-Side
Power Capacity Connection Connection Connection Connection
Connection Connection [HP] [kW] Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe 0.8
2.2 1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.0 2.8 1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.3 3.6
1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.6 4.5 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.0 5.6 1/2
1/4 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.5 7.1 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/4 5/8 3/8 2.9 8.0 5/8 3/8
1/2 1/4 5/8 3/8 3.2 9.0 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/4 5/8 3/8 4.0 11.2 5/8 3/8
5/8 3/8 5/8 3/8 5.0 14.0 5/8 3/8 5/8 3/8 5/8 3/8 6.0 16.0 6/8 3/8
5/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 8.0 22.4 6/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 10.0 28.0 7/8 3/8
6/8 3/8 7/8 3/8
TABLE-US-00170 Rated R410A R32 Refrigerant A Horse Refrigeration
Gas-Side Liquid-Side Gas-Side Liquid-Side Gas-Side Liquid-Side
Power Capacity Connection Connection Connection Connection
Connection Connection [HP] [kW] Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe 0.8
2.2 1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.0 2.8 1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.3 3.6
1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.6 4.5 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.0 5.6 1/2
1/4 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.5 7.1 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/4 5/8 5/16 2.9 8.0 5/8
3/8 1/2 1/4 5/8 5/16 3.2 9.0 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/4 5/8 5/16 4.0 11.2 5/8
3/8 5/8 3/8 5/8 5/16 5.0 14.0 5/8 3/8 5/8 3/8 5/8 3/8 6.0 16.0 6/8
3/8 5/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 8.0 22.4 6/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 10.0 28.0 7/8
3/8 6/8 3/8 7/8 3/8
[0719] Here, for cases where refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, or
the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, is used and the liquid-side connection pipe 6
and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer diameters
shown in Table 170 are used in the air conditioner 1a of the second
embodiment, FIG. 22 shows a pressure loss in the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 during heating operation, and FIG. 23 shows a
pressure loss in the gas-side connection pipe 5 during cooling
operation. In calculating a pressure loss, controlled target values
of a condensation temperature, an evaporating temperature, a degree
of subcooling of refrigerant at the condenser outlet, and a degree
of superheating of refrigerant at the evaporator outlet are
commonalized, and pressure losses of refrigerant in the connection
pipes are calculated based on a refrigerant circulation amount that
is required for operation at a rated capacity commensurate with a
horse power. The unit of horse power is HP.
[0720] As is apparent from FIG. 22 and FIG. 23, it is found that
the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, has an approximate behavior of pressure loss
to the behavior of pressure loss of refrigerant R410A and a
decrease in capacity can be suppressed when the refrigerant A is
used in the air conditioner 1a. This point also applies to the
refrigerants B to E that are the same in containing
1,2-difluoroethylene.
(7-7) Modification A of Second Embodiment
[0721] In the above-described second embodiment, the air
conditioner including only one indoor unit is described as an
example; however, the air conditioner may include a plurality of
indoor units (with no indoor expansion valve) connected in parallel
with each other.
(8) Third Embodiment
[0722] Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1b that serves as a
refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a third embodiment will
be described with reference to FIG. 24 that is the schematic
configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 25 that is
a schematic control block configuration diagram.
[0723] Hereinafter, mainly, the air conditioner 1b of the third
embodiment will be described with a focus on a portion different
from the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment.
[0724] In the air conditioner 1b as well, the refrigerant circuit
10 is filled with a refrigerant mixture that contains
1,2-difluoroethylene and that is any one of the above-described
refrigerants A to E as a refrigerant for performing a vapor
compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit 10 is
filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the
refrigerant.
(8-1) Outdoor Unit 20
[0725] In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1b of the
third embodiment, a low-pressure receiver 26, a subcooling heat
exchanger 47, and a subcooling circuit 46 are provided in the
outdoor unit 20 in the above-described first embodiment.
[0726] The low-pressure receiver 26 is a container that is provided
between one of connection ports of the four-way valve 22 and the
suction side of the compressor 21 and that is able to store
refrigerant. In the present embodiment, the low-pressure receiver
26 is provided separately from the attached accumulator of the
compressor 21. The internal volume of the low-pressure receiver 26
is greater than the internal volume of the attached accumulator
attached to the compressor 21 and is preferably greater than or
equal to twice.
[0727] The subcooling heat exchanger 47 is provided between the
outdoor expansion valve 24 and the liquid-side stop valve 29.
[0728] The subcooling circuit 46 is a circuit that branches off
from a main circuit between the outdoor expansion valve 24 and the
subcooling heat exchanger 47 and that merges with a portion halfway
from one of the connection ports of the four-way valve 22 to the
low-pressure receiver 26. A subcooling expansion valve 48 that
decompresses refrigerant passing therethrough is provided halfway
in the subcooling circuit 46. Refrigerant flowing through the
subcooling circuit 46 and decompressed by the subcooling expansion
valve 48 exchanges heat with refrigerant flowing through the main
circuit side in the subcooling heat exchanger 47. Thus, refrigerant
flowing through the main circuit side is further cooled, and
refrigerant flowing through the subcooling circuit 46
evaporates.
[0729] The outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1b according to
the third embodiment may have, for example, a so-called up-blow
structure that takes in air from the lower side and discharges air
outward from the upper side.
(8-2) First Indoor Unit 30 and Second Indoor Unit 35
[0730] In the air conditioner 1b according to the third embodiment,
instead of the indoor unit 30 in the above-described first
embodiment, a first indoor unit 30 and a second indoor unit 35 are
provided in parallel with each other.
[0731] The first indoor unit 30, as well as the indoor unit 30 in
the above-described first embodiment, includes a first indoor heat
exchanger 31, a first indoor fan 32, and a first indoor unit
control unit 34, and further includes a first indoor expansion
valve 33 at the liquid side of the first indoor heat exchanger 31.
The first indoor expansion valve 33 is able to control the valve
opening degree.
[0732] The second indoor unit 35, as well as the first indoor unit
30, includes a second indoor heat exchanger 36, a second indoor fan
37, a second indoor unit control unit 39, and a second indoor
expansion valve 38 provided at the liquid side of the second indoor
heat exchanger 36. The second indoor expansion valve 38 is able to
control the valve opening degree.
[0733] The specific structures of the first indoor unit 30 and
second indoor unit 35 of the air conditioner 1b according to the
third embodiment each have a similar configuration to the indoor
unit 30 of the second embodiment except the above-described first
indoor expansion valve 33 and second indoor expansion valve 38.
[0734] The controller 7 of the third embodiment is made up of the
outdoor unit control unit 27, the first indoor unit control unit
34, and the second indoor unit control unit 39 communicably
connected to one another.
[0735] In the above air conditioner 1b, in the cooling operation
mode, the outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the
degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the
liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies a
predetermined condition. In the cooling operation mode, the
subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled such that the degree of
superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in
satisfies a predetermined condition. In the cooling operation mode,
the first indoor expansion valve 33 and the second indoor expansion
valve 38 are controlled to a fully open state.
[0736] In the heating operation mode, the first indoor expansion
valve 33 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of
refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the first
indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined condition.
Similarly, the second indoor expansion valve 38 is also controlled
such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes
through the liquid-side outlet of the second indoor heat exchanger
36 satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operation
mode, the outdoor expansion valve 45 is controlled such that the
degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes
in satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operation
mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled such that the
degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes
in satisfies a predetermined condition.
(8-3) Liquid-Side Connection Pipe 6
[0737] The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1b
in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
third embodiment may have D.sub.0 in the range of
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4" where the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches regardless of the relationship with
the pipe outer diameter when R410A or R32 is used.
[0738] The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1b
in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
third embodiment has D.sub.0 in the range of
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4" when the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is the
pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when
refrigerant R32 is used). Since the above-described refrigerants A
to E cause a pressure loss more easily than refrigerant R32 but the
pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air
conditioner 1b of the third embodiment is greater than or equal to
the pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R32 is used, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed. Specifically, the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1b preferably has D.sub.0
of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/8 inches) where the pipe
outer diameter is expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches (where,
"D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side
connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used) when the rated
refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1b is greater than
5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW and more preferably has D.sub.0 of 3
(that is, the pipe diameter is 3/8 inches) when the rated
refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1b is greater than or
equal to 6.3 kW and less than or equal to 10.0 kW.
[0739] The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1b
in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
third embodiment has D.sub.0 in the range of
"2.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.4" where the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches, and has the same pipe outer diameter
as the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used.
Since the physical properties such as pressure losses of the
above-described refrigerants A to E are approximate to those of
refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 is set to the same pipe outer diameter as the
pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when
refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in capacity can be
suppressed.
[0740] Specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air
conditioner 1b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are
used in the third embodiment preferably has D.sub.0 of 3 (that is,
the pipe diameter is 3/8 inches) where the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches when the rated refrigeration capacity
of the air conditioner 1b is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW, and
preferably has D.sub.0 of 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/4
inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1b is less than 6.3 kW, and more preferably has the
same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the
liquid-side connection pipe in the case where refrigerant R410A is
used in each case.
[0741] More specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the
air conditioner 1b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E
are used in the third embodiment preferably has D.sub.0 of 3 (that
is, the pipe diameter is 3/8 inches) where the pipe outer diameter
is expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches when the rated refrigeration
capacity of the air conditioner 1b is greater than or equal to 12.5
kW, preferably has D.sub.0 of 2.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is
5/16 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1b is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than
12.5 kW, and preferably has D.sub.0 of 2 (that is, the pipe
diameter is 1/4 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of
the air conditioner 1b is less than 6.3 kW
(8-4) Gas-Side Connection Pipe 5
[0742] The liquid-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1b
in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the
third embodiment may have D.sub.0 in the range of
"3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8" where the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches regardless of the relationship with
the pipe outer diameter when R410A or R32 is used.
[0743] The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1b in
which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third
embodiment has D.sub.0 in the range of "3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8"
when the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches
(where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is the pipe outer diameter of the
gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used). Since the
above-described refrigerants A to E cause a pressure loss more
easily than refrigerant R32 but the pipe outer diameter of the
gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1b of the third
embodiment is greater than or equal to the pipe outer diameter when
refrigerant R32 is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed.
Specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner
1b preferably has D.sub.0 of 7 (that is, the pipe diameter is 7/8
inches) where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D.sub.0/8
inches (where, "D.sub.0-1/8 inches" is the pipe outer diameter of
the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used) when the
rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1b is greater
than 22.4 kW, preferably has D.sub.0 of 6 (that is, the pipe
diameter is 6/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of
the air conditioner 1b is greater than 14.0 kW and less than 22.4
kW, preferably has D.sub.0 of 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/8
inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1b is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and
preferably has D.sub.0 of 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is 1/2
inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1b is less than 4.5 kW. In this case, D.sub.0 is more
preferably 7 (that is, the pipe diameter is 7/8 inches) when the
rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1b is greater
than or equal to 25.0 kW, D.sub.0 is more preferably 6 (that is,
the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration
capacity of the air conditioner 1b is greater than or equal to 15.0
kW and less than 19.0 kW, D.sub.0 is more preferably (that is, the
pipe diameter is 5/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity
of the air conditioner 1b is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and
less than 10.0 kW, and D.sub.0 is more preferably 4 (that is, the
pipe diameter is 1/2 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity
of the air conditioner 1b is less than 4.0 kW.
[0744] The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1b in
which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third
embodiment has D.sub.0 in the range of "3.ltoreq.D.sub.0.ltoreq.8"
where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches, and
has the same pipe outer diameter as the gas-side connection pipe
when refrigerant R410A is used. Since the physical properties such
as pressure losses of the above-described refrigerants A to E are
approximate to those of refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer
diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 is set to the same pipe
outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side
connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in
capacity can be suppressed.
[0745] Specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air
conditioner 1b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are
used in the third embodiment preferably has D.sub.0 of 7 (that is,
the pipe diameter is 7/8 inches) when the pipe outer diameter is
expressed by D.sub.0/8 inches when the rated refrigeration capacity
of the air conditioner 1b is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW,
preferably has D.sub.0 of 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8
inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1b is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than
25.0 kW, preferably has D.sub.0 of 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is
5/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1b is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than
15.0 kW, preferably has D.sub.0 of 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is
1/2 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air
conditioner 1b is less than 6.3 kW, and more preferably has the
same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side
connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used in each case.
(8-5) Characteristics of Third Embodiment
[0746] In the above-described air conditioner 1b according to the
third embodiment as well, as well as the air conditioner 1
according to the first embodiment, since refrigerant containing
1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a GWP can be sufficiently
reduced.
[0747] In the air conditioner 1b, when the pipe outer diameter of
the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the pipe outer diameter of
the gas-side connection pipe 5 each fall within an associated
predetermined range, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed even
when the specific refrigerants A to E are used.
(8-6) Relationship Between Refrigerant and Pipe Outer Diameter of
Connection Pipe
[0748] In the air conditioner 1b of the third embodiment, when not
the refrigerants A to E are used but refrigerant R410A or R32 is
used, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection
pipe 5 each having the pipe outer diameter (inches) as shown in the
following Table 171 and Table 172 are generally used according to
the range of the rated refrigeration capacity.
[0749] In contrast to this, in the air conditioner 1b of the third
embodiment, in the case where the refrigerant A (which also applies
to the refrigerants B to E) of the present disclosure, containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, is used, when the liquid-side connection pipe
6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer
diameters (inches) as shown in the following Table 171 or Table 172
are used according to the range of the rated refrigeration
capacity, a decrease in capacity in the case where the refrigerant
A (which also applies to the refrigerants B to E) of the present
disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used can be
suppressed.
TABLE-US-00171 Rated R410A R32 Refrigerant A Horse Refrigeration
Gas-Side Liquid-Side Gas-Side Liquid-Side Gas-Side Liquid-Side
Power Capacity Connection Connection Connection Connection
Connection Connection [HP] [kW] Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe 0.8
2.2 1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.0 2.8 1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.3 3.6
1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.6 4.5 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.0 5.6 1/2
1/4 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.5 7.1 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/4 5/8 3/8 2.9 8.0 5/8 3/8
1/2 1/4 5/8 3/8 3.2 9.0 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/4 5/8 3/8 4.0 11.2 5/8 3/8
5/8 3/8 5/8 3/8 5.0 14.0 5/8 3/8 5/8 3/8 5/8 3/8 6.0 16.0 6/8 3/8
5/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 8.0 22.4 6/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 10.0 28.0 7/8 3/8
6/8 3/8 7/8 3/8
TABLE-US-00172 Rated R410A R32 Refrigerant A Horse Refrigeration
Gas-Side Liquid-Side Gas-Side Liquid-Side Gas-Side Liquid-Side
Power Capacity Connection Connection Connection Connection
Connection Connection [HP] [kW] Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe 0.8
2.2 1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.0 2.8 1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.3 3.6
1/2 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/2 1/4 1.6 4.5 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.0 5.6 1/2
1/4 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 2.5 7.1 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/4 5/8 5/16 2.9 8.0 5/8
3/8 1/2 1/4 5/8 5/16 3.2 9.0 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/4 5/8 5/16 4.0 11.2 5/8
3/8 5/8 3/8 5/8 5/16 5.0 14.0 5/8 3/8 5/8 3/8 5/8 3/8 6.0 16.0 6/8
3/8 5/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 8.0 22.4 6/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 6/8 3/8 10.0 28.0 7/8
3/8 6/8 3/8 7/8 3/8
[0750] Here, for cases where refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, or
the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, is used and the liquid-side connection pipe 6
and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer diameters
shown in Table 172 are used in the air conditioner 1b of the third
embodiment, FIG. 26 shows a pressure loss in the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 during heating operation, and FIG. 27 shows a
pressure loss in the gas-side connection pipe 5 during cooling
operation. In calculating a pressure loss, controlled target values
of a condensation temperature, an evaporating temperature, a degree
of subcooling of refrigerant at the condenser outlet, and a degree
of superheating of refrigerant at the evaporator outlet are
commonalized, and pressure losses of refrigerant in the connection
pipes are calculated based on a refrigerant circulation amount that
is required for operation at a rated capacity commensurate with a
horse power. The unit of horse power is HP.
[0751] As is apparent from FIG. 26 and FIG. 27, it is found that
the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, has an approximate behavior of pressure loss
to the behavior of pressure loss of refrigerant R410A and a
decrease in capacity can be suppressed when the refrigerant A is
used in the air conditioner 1b. This point also applies to the
refrigerants B to E that are the same in containing
1,2-difluoroethylene.
(9) Others
[0752] An air conditioner or an outdoor unit may be made up of a
combination of the above-described first embodiment to third
embodiment and modifications as needed.
[0753] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described
above; however, it is understood that various modifications of
modes and details are applicable without departing from the purport
or scope of the present disclosure recited in the claims.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
[0754] 1, 1a, 1b air conditioner (refrigeration cycle apparatus)
[0755] 5 gas-side connection pipe [0756] 6 liquid-side connection
pipe [0757] 10 refrigerant circuit [0758] 20 outdoor unit [0759] 21
compressor [0760] 23 outdoor heat exchanger (heat source-side heat
exchanger) [0761] 24 outdoor expansion valve (decompression part)
[0762] 30 indoor unit, first indoor unit [0763] 31 indoor heat
exchanger, first indoor heat exchanger (service-side heat
exchanger) [0764] 35 second indoor unit [0765] 36 second indoor
heat exchanger (service-side heat exchanger) [0766] 44 first
outdoor expansion valve (decompression part) [0767] 45 second
outdoor expansion valve (decompression part)
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0767] [0768] PTL 1 International Publication No. 2015/141678
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