U.S. patent application number 16/640187 was filed with the patent office on 2020-11-19 for treated substrate having hydrophobic and durability properties.
The applicant listed for this patent is AGC Automotive Americas R&D, Inc., NBD Nanotechnologies, Inc.. Invention is credited to Esra Altinok, Perry L. Catchings, Sr., John Mitchell Moore, Jr., Jiangping Wang, Bong June Zhang.
Application Number | 20200361191 16/640187 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005061230 |
Filed Date | 2020-11-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200361191 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Wang; Jiangping ; et
al. |
November 19, 2020 |
TREATED SUBSTRATE HAVING HYDROPHOBIC AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES
Abstract
A treated substrate comprise a substrate, an adhesion promoter
layer disposed on the substrate, and a topcoat layer disposed on
the adhesion layer such that the adhesion layer is between the
topcoat layer and the substrate. The adhesion promoter layer is
formed from an adhesion promoter composition, with the adhesion
promoter composition comprising a polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxane or a linear organosilane polymer. The topcoat layer
is formed from a topcoat composition, with the topcoat composition
comprising at least one fluorinated organic silicon compound which
contains no etheric oxygen atom and at least one fluorinated
organic silicon compound which contains an etheric oxygen atom.
Inventors: |
Wang; Jiangping; (Novi,
MI) ; Moore, Jr.; John Mitchell; (Romulus, MI)
; Zhang; Bong June; (Chestnut Hill, MA) ; Altinok;
Esra; (Medford, MA) ; Catchings, Sr.; Perry L.;
(Roxbury, MA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
AGC Automotive Americas R&D, Inc.
NBD Nanotechnologies, Inc. |
Ypsilanti
Danvers |
MI
MI |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005061230 |
Appl. No.: |
16/640187 |
Filed: |
August 24, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
August 24, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2018/047919 |
371 Date: |
February 19, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62549764 |
Aug 24, 2017 |
|
|
|
62765287 |
Aug 19, 2018 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B32B 7/12 20130101; C08G
77/24 20130101; B32B 27/283 20130101; B05D 7/54 20130101; C08G
77/62 20130101; C09D 183/16 20130101; C09D 183/08 20130101; B32B
27/26 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B32B 27/28 20060101
B32B027/28; B32B 27/26 20060101 B32B027/26; B32B 7/12 20060101
B32B007/12; C08G 77/24 20060101 C08G077/24; C09D 183/08 20060101
C09D183/08; C08G 77/62 20060101 C08G077/62; C09D 183/16 20060101
C09D183/16; B05D 7/00 20060101 B05D007/00 |
Claims
1. A treated substrate comprising: a substrate; an adhesion
promoter layer disposed on said substrate, said adhesion promoter
layer formed from an adhesion promoter composition, said adhesion
promoter composition comprising a polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxane or a linear organosilane polymer; and a topcoat
layer disposed on said adhesion layer such that said adhesion layer
is between said topcoat layer and said substrate, said topcoat
layer formed from a topcoat composition, said topcoat composition
comprising at least one fluorinated organic silicon compound which
contains no etheric oxygen atom and at least one fluorinated
organic silicon compound which contains an etheric oxygen atom.
2. The treated substrate according to claim 1, wherein said at
least one fluorinated organic silicon compound which contains no
etheric oxygen atom is selected from the group consisting of a
compound represented by the following formula (1a), its partially
hydrolyzed condensate, and a compound represented by the following
formula (1b): ##STR00036## and wherein: R.sup.f1 is a C.sub.1-20
perfluoroalkyl group which contains no etheric oxygen atom between
carbon-carbon atoms and which may have a ring structure, Y is a
C.sub.1-6 bivalent organic group which contains no fluorine atom,
R.sup.11 each independently is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6
hydrocarbon group which contains no fluorine atom, X.sup.1 each
independently is a halogen atom, an alkoxy group or an isocyanate
group, g is an integer of from 0 to 2, R.sup.7 is a hydrogen atom
or a C.sub.1-3 hydrocarbon group which contains no fluorine atom,
and b is an integer of from 1 to 100.
3. The treated substrate according to claim 1, wherein said at
least one fluorinated organic silicon compound which contains an
etheric oxygen atom is selected from the group consisting of a
compound represented by the following formula (2a), its partially
hydrolyzed condensate, and a compound represented by the following
formula (2b): ##STR00037## wherein: R.sup.f2 is a C.sub.1-20
perfluoroalkyl group which may have an etheric oxygen atom inserted
between carbon-carbon atoms and which may have a ring structure,
--W--Z-- is
--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CONHC.sub.3H.sub.6-- or
--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CH.sub.2OCONHC.sub.3H.sub.6--,
wherein a is an integer of from 1 to 200, R.sup.12 each
independently is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-8 hydrocarbon group
which contains no fluorine atom, X.sup.2 each independently is a
halogen atom, an alkoxy group or an isocyanate group, g is an
integer of from 0 to 2, R.sup.8 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3
hydrocarbon group which contains no fluorine atom, and c is an
integer of from 1 to 100.
4. The treated substrate of claim 1, wherein said topcoat
composition further comprises a compound according to the formula
SiX.sup.3.sub.4, wherein X.sup.3 is a halogen atom or a
hydrolysable group.
5. The treated substrate of claim 4, wherein X.sup.3 is
chlorine.
6. The treated substrate of claim 4, wherein X.sup.3 is an alkoxy
group or an isocyanate group.
7. The treated substrate of claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of
said at least one fluorinated organic silicon compound which
contains an etheric oxygen atom to a total mass of said at least
one fluorinated organic silicon compound which contains an etheric
oxygen atom and said at least one fluorinated organic silicon
compound which contains no etheric oxygen atom is from 10 to 90
mass %, wherein the amounts of said at least one fluorinated
organic silicon compound which contains an etheric oxygen atom and
said at least one fluorinated organic silicon compound which
contains no etheric oxygen atom are the amounts before the
hydrolytic condensation reaction.
8. The treated substrate of claim 1, wherein said adhesion promoter
composition comprises a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane of the
formula (I), (II), or (III): ##STR00038## wherein: R.sup.1 is a
long chain alkyl or long chain fluorinated alkyl; R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3 are each independently selected from the group consisting
of C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.15 alkenyl, --NCO,
--CH(O)CH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, --NHC.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--OC(O)NHC.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OC(O)NH.sub.2,
--P(O)(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6, alkyl).sub.2, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylSi(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.3, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylSi(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylSi(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2 --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylSi(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.3, --Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl), --Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2
and --Si(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.3, wherein one or more
hydrogen atoms in C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
is independently optionally substituted with a
--OC(O)C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkenyl, --NCO, --(OC.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkyl)-CH(O)CH.sub.2, --CH(O)CH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2,
--NHC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, --OC(O)NHC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl,
--OC(O)NH.sub.2, --P(O)(OC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl).sub.2,
--Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl).sub.2(OC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl),
--Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl)(OC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl).sub.2 or
--Si(OC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl).sub.3; m is an integer from 0 to 7; n
is an integer from 0 to 7; p is an integer from 0 to 6; q is an
integer from 0 to 6; and the sum of n and m is less than or equal
to 7; and the sum of p and q is less than or equal to 6.
9. The treated substrate of claim 8, wherein said polyhedral
oligomeric silsesquioxane is of the formula:
C.sub.mH.sub.nO.sub.pSi.sub.q, wherein the subscript m ranges from
64 to 170, the subscript n ranges from 150 to 402, the subscript p
ranges from 36 to 99, and the subscript q ranges from 15 to 45.
10. The treated substrate of claim 8, wherein said polyhedral
oligomeric silsesquioxane is of the formula:
C.sub.170H.sub.402O.sub.99Si.sub.45.
11. The treated substrate of claim 8, wherein said polyhedral
oligomeric silsesquioxane is of the formula:
C.sub.6H.sub.152O.sub.36Si.sub.16.
12. The treated substrate of claim 1, wherein said adhesion
promoter composition comprises a linear organosilane polymer
comprising units having the following formula: (IV), (V), (VI),
(VII), (VIII), or (IX): ##STR00039## wherein: each R is the same or
different and may be a hydrogen or non-hydrogen substituent;
L.sup.1 and L2 are independently a linker group; each x is the same
or different positive integer; and each y is the same or different
positive integer; and each z is the same or different positive
integer.
13. The treated substrate of claim 12, wherein each R is alkyl.
14. The treated substrate of claim 12, wherein each R is ethyl.
15. The treated substrate of claim 1, wherein said substrate
comprises a glass panel.
16. The treated substrate of claim 1, wherein an outer surface of
the topcoat layer opposite said adhesion promoter layer has a water
contact angle of from 100 to 110 degrees as measured by ASTM
D7334-08 (2013).
17. The treated substrate of claim 1, wherein an outer surface of
the topcoat layer opposite said adhesion promoter layer has a
sliding angle of from 10 to 20 degrees as measured by ASTM D7334-08
(2013).
18. A method for producing a treated substrate comprising: applying
an adhesion promoter composition onto at least a part of a surface
of a substrate, the adhesion promoter composition comprising a
polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane or a linear organosilane
polymer; curing said applied adhesion promoter composition to form
an adhesion promoter layer disposed on the substrate; applying a
topcoat composition onto said formed adhesion promoter layer, the
topcoat composition comprising: at least one fluorinated organic
silicon compound which contains no etheric oxygen atom and which is
selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the
following formula (1a), its partially hydrolyzed condensate, and a
compound represented by the following formula (1b): ##STR00040## at
least one fluorinated organic silicon compound which contains an
etheric oxygen atom and which is selected from the group consisting
of a compound represented by the following formula (2a), its
partially hydrolyzed condensate, and a compound represented by the
following formula (2b): ##STR00041## wherein: R.sup.f1 is a
C.sub.1-20 perfluoroalkyl group which contains no etheric oxygen
atom between carbon-carbon atoms and which may have a ring
structure, Y is a C.sub.1-6 bivalent organic group which contains
no fluorine atom, R.sup.11 each independently is a hydrogen atom or
a C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbon group which contains no fluorine atom,
X.sup.1 each independently is a halogen atom, an alkoxy group or an
isocyanate group, g is an integer of from 0 to 2, R.sup.7 is a
hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3 hydrocarbon group which contains no
fluorine atom, b is an integer of from 1 to 100: R.sup.f2 is a
C.sub.1-20 perfluoroalkyl group which may have an etheric oxygen
atom inserted between carbon-carbon atoms and which may have a ring
structure, --W--Z-- is
--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CONHC.sub.3H.sub.6-- or
--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CH.sub.2OCONHC.sub.3H.sub.6--,
wherein a is an integer of from 1 to 200, R.sup.12 each
independently is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-8 hydrocarbon group
which contains no fluorine atom, X.sup.2 each independently is a
halogen atom, an alkoxy group or an isocyanate group, R.sup.8 is a
hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3 hydrocarbon group which contains no
fluorine atom, and c is an integer of from 1 to 100; and curing
said applied topcoat composition to form a topcoat layer disposed
on said formed adhesion promoter layer.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said step of curing said
applied adhesion promoter composition to form an adhesion promoter
layer disposed on the substrate comprises curing said applied
adhesion promoter composition at ambient temperature for at least
15 seconds and less than 60 seconds to form an adhesion promoter
layer.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein said step of curing said
applied topcoat composition to form a topcoat layer disposed on the
substrate comprises curing said applied topcoat composition at a
temperature ranging from 15 to 30 degree Celsius at a relative
humidity of at least 50% relative humidity for a sufficient period
of time to form a topcoat layer disposed on said formed adhesion
promoter layer.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein said step of applying an
adhesion promoter composition onto at least a part of a surface of
a substrate comprises applying a monolayer of an adhesion promoter
composition onto at least a part of a surface of a substrate.
22. A treated substrate formed according to the method of claim
18.
23. A vehicle having a window comprising the treated substrate of
claim 22, wherein said substrate comprises a glass panel.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to and all advantages of
U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/549,764, which was filed
on Aug. 24, 2017, entitled "POSS Adhesion Promoters and Their Use",
and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. ______, which was filed
on Aug. 19, 2018 and entitled "Adhesion Promoters and Their Use",
the disclosures of which are specifically incorporated by reference
in their entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The invention generally relates to treated substrates and,
more particularly, to treated substrates having hydrophobic and
durability properties.
2. Description of Related Art
[0003] Treated substrates are used in various fields to provide
enhanced physical properties to untreated substrates. For example,
in certain industries, such as the transportation industry or
electronics industry, the application or disposition of one or more
layers of a composition or compositions to an untreated substrate
to form a treated substrate and associated articles may improve a
particular physical property or properties as compared to the
untreated substrate. For example, the application or disposition of
an adhesion promoter layer in combination with a topcoat layer to a
glass substrate to form a treated glass substrate may provide an
increase in hydrophobicity that allows the treated glass substrate
to more easily repel water (i.e., has increased water repellency
properties) or be cleaned as compared with the corresponding
untreated glass substrate.
[0004] However, in many applications, the enhanced property or
properties, such as hydrophobicity, provided by the addition of the
one or more layers to the untreated substrate decrease over time
due to environmental conditions or the like that adversely impact
the durability of such applied layers. It would thus be desirable
to form treated substrates that have enhanced durability while
providing other desired physical properties such as increased
hydrophobicity and associated water repellent properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION AND ADVANTAGES
[0005] The subject invention relates to a treated substrate that
comprises a substrate, an adhesion promoter layer disposed on the
substrate, and a topcoat layer disposed on the adhesion promoter
layer. The adhesion promoter layer is formed from an adhesion
promoter composition, with the adhesion promoter composition
comprising a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane or a linear
organosilane polymer. The topcoat layer is formed from a topcoat
composition, with the topcoat composition comprising at least one
fluorinated organic silicon compound which contains no etheric
oxygen atom and at least one fluorinated organic silicon compound
which contains an etheric oxygen atom.
[0006] The treated substrate has excellent initial hydrophobic
properties and related water repellent properties, and retains such
hydrophobic properties under a wide variety of test conditions
intended to simulate environmental conditions, which evidences the
durability of the treated substrates, particularly as compared with
other treated substrates that include only one of adhesion promoter
layers and topcoat layers as described above, or alternatively as
compared with treated substrates utilizing a different adhesion
promoter composition or topcoat composition to form its respective
adhesion promoter and topcoat layers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] Advantages of the subject invention will be readily
appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to
the following detailed description when considered in connection
with the accompanying drawing.
[0008] FIG. 1 is perspective side view of a treated substrate in
accordance with one embodiment of the subject invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0009] Referring to FIG. 1, a treated substrate 10 is provided that
includes a substrate 14, an adhesion promoter layer 16 disposed on
the substrate 14, and a topcoat layer 18 disposed on the adhesion
promoter layer 16.
I. Substrate
[0010] The substrate 14 (i.e., an untreated substrate) may be rigid
or flexible material. In certain embodiments, the rigid or flexible
material is also substantially transparent. As defined herein, the
term "substantially transparent", as used with respect to the
substrate 14, refers to a material that allows 70% or more of light
transmission in a predefined wavelength range, such as the visible
light range to travel therethrough.
[0011] Examples of suitable rigid substrates include inorganic
materials, such as glass plates or panels. The panes of glass are
preferably automotive glass and, more specifically,
soda-lime-silica glass. In another embodiment, the glass panel is a
tempered glass panel, which is a single layer glass panel that has
been processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to
increase its strength compared to normal glass (i.e., untempered
glass such as the soda-lime-silica glass or annealed glass).
[0012] In other embodiments, it may be desirable for the substrate
14 to be flexible (i.e., a flexible substrate). In these
embodiments, specific examples of the flexible substrate include
those comprising various organic polymers. From the view point of
transparency, refractive index, heat resistance and durability,
specific examples of the flexible substrate include those
comprising polyolefins (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.),
polyesters (poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene
naphthalate), etc.), polyamides (nylon 6, nylon 6,6, etc.),
polystyrene, poly(vinyl chloride), polyimides, polycarbonates,
polynorbornenes, polyurethanes, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene
vinyl alcohol), polyacrylics, celluloses (triacetylcellulose,
diacetylcellulose, cellophane, etc.), or interpolymers (e.g.
copolymers) of such organic polymers.
[0013] In certain embodiments, the substrate 14 is in the form of a
laminated glass panel assembly that includes an inner transparent
sheet and an outer transparent sheet and an interlayer disposed
between the inner transparent sheet and the outer transparent
sheet. In certain embodiments, the inner and outer transparent
sheets are panes of glass that are substantially transparent.
However, in other embodiments, the inner and outer transparent
sheets may be plastic, fiberglass, or any other suitable
substantially transparent material. In other embodiments, the inner
and outer transparent sheets are panes of glass that are less
transparent. For example, wherein the glass assembly is a privacy
glass, the transparency of the glass assembly is substantially
reduced, and thus allows less than 70% light transmission in a
predefined wavelength range, such as from greater than 0 to 70%
light transmission at the predefined wavelength range.
[0014] In certain embodiments, the laminated glass panel assembly
also includes an interlayer disposed between the inner and outer
transparent sheets. Preferably, the interlayer bonds the inner and
outer transparent sheets and allows the laminated glass panel
assembly to retain glass panel pieces upon impact or breakage.
[0015] The interlayer typically is typically substantially
transparent to light and includes a polymer or thermoplastic resin,
such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB). However, other suitable materials
for implementing the interlayer may be utilized. Similar to the
inner and outer transparent sheets, the interlayer is also
substantially transparent or otherwise transparent to light, and
accordingly the laminated glass panel assembly that includes the
interlayer between the inner and outer transparent sheets is also
substantially transparent or otherwise transparent to light.
[0016] Further, in certain embodiments, the substrate 14 may be
reinforced, e.g. with fillers and/or fibers.
II. Adhesion Promoter Layer
[0017] As noted above, the treated substrate 10 also includes an
adhesion promoter layer 16 disposed on the substrate 14.
[0018] The adhesion promoter layer 16, in certain embodiments, is
formed from an adhesion promoter composition. In certain preferred
embodiments, the adhesion promoter composition comprises a
polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.
[0019] Silsesquioxanes have a cage-like structure, which is most
commonly a cube, hexagonal prism, octagonal prism, decagonal prism,
or dodecagonal prism. In exemplary embodiments, of the various
possible polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane cage molecular
structures, the cube-like ("T8") cage structure is formed. As used
herein, the cube-like ("T8") cage structure is represented by the
shorthand:
##STR00001##
where each corner will bear a substituent, such as a fluorinated
alkyl group, or a group bearing a reactive functionality such as an
alkylsilane or an alkylisocyanate.
[0020] In certain embodiments, the polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxane is of the formula (I), (II), or (III):
##STR00002##
wherein
[0021] R.sup.1 is a long chain alkyl or long chain fluorinated
alkyl;
[0022] R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently selected from the
group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.15
alkenyl, --NCO, --CH(O)CH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, --NHC.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, --OC(O)NHC.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OC(O)NH.sub.2,
--P(O)(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6, alkyl).sub.2, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylSi(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.3, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylSi(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylSi(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.2 --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylSi(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl).sub.3, --Si(CrC.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl),
--Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl)(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.2 and
--Si(OC.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl).sub.3, wherein one or more hydrogen
atoms in C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl is
independently optionally substituted with a --OC(O)C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkenyl, --NCO, --(OC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl)-CH(O)CH.sub.2,
--CH(O)CH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, --NHC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl,
--OC(O)NHC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, --OC(O)NH.sub.2,
--P(O)(OC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl).sub.2, --Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkyl).sub.2(OC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl), --Si(C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkyl)(OC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl).sub.2 or --Si(OC.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkyl).sub.3;
[0023] m is an integer from 0 to 7;
[0024] n is an integer from 0 to 7;
[0025] p is an integer from 0 to 6;
[0026] q is an integer from 0 to 6;
[0027] the sum of n and m is less than or equal to 7; and the sum
of p and q is less than or equal to 6.
[0028] In certain embodiments, the end functionalities employed on
the R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 groups may incorporate one or more
functional groups to allow the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
to covalently bond to various topcoat compositions, including the
topcoat compositions described below that form the topcoat layer.
Such end functionalities include those described for R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3 in formulas (I), (II), and (III) above.
[0029] In certain other preferred embodiments, the adhesion
promoter composition comprises a linear organosilane polymer. The
term "linear" as used herein may refer to a structure having
non-branched or non-caged structure in polymeric backbone.
[0030] In certain embodiments, the linear organosilane polymer may
include units having the following formula:
##STR00003##
wherein each R is the same or different and may be a hydrogen or
non-hydrogen substituent; L.sup.1 is a linker group; and y is a
positive integer.
[0031] In some embodiments, each L is a bond, alkylene, or
heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each L.sup.1 is not a bond. In
some embodiments, each L.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkylene which
may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each
L.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene which may be substituted or
unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each L.sup.1 is a
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylene which may be substituted or unsubstituted.
In some embodiments, each L.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene
which may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments,
each L.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene which may be substituted
or unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each L.sup.1 is a
C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkylene which may be substituted or unsubstituted.
In some embodiments, each L.sup.1 is methylene or ethylene. In some
embodiments, each L.sup.1 is a heteroalkylene which may be
substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each L.sup.1 is
a heteroalkylene including at least one selected from O, S, N, or
P, which may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments,
each L.sup.1 is a 2 to 20 membered heteroalkylene including at
least one selected from O, S, N, or P, which may be substituted or
unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each L.sup.1 is a 2 to 10
membered heteroalkylene including at least one selected from O, S,
N, or P, which may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some
embodiments, each L.sup.1 is a 2 to 8 membered heteroalkylene
including at least one selected from O, S, N, or P, which may be
substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each L.sup.1 is
a 2 to 5 membered heteroalkylene including at least one selected
from O, S, N, or P, which may be substituted or unsubstituted. In
some embodiments, each L.sup.1 is a 2 to 3 membered heteroalkylene
including at least one selected from O, S, N, or P, which may be
substituted or unsubstituted.
[0032] In certain embodiments, the linear organosilane polymer may
include units of the following formula:
##STR00004##
wherein each R is the same or different and may be a hydrogen or
non-hydrogen substituent; L.sup.2 is a linker group; and y is a
positive integer.
[0033] In some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is a bond, alkylene, or
heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is not a bond. In
some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkylene which
may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each
L.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene which may be substituted or
unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is a
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylene which may be substituted or unsubstituted.
In some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene
which may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments,
each L.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene which may be substituted
or unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is a
C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkylene which may be substituted or unsubstituted.
In some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is methylene or ethylene. In some
embodiments, each L.sup.2 is a heteroalkylene which may be
substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is
a heteroalkylene including at least one selected from O, S, N, or
P, which may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments,
each L.sup.2 is a 2 to 20 membered heteroalkylene including at
least one selected from O, S, N, or P, which may be substituted or
unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is a 2 to 10
membered heteroalkylene including at least one selected from O, S,
N, or P, which may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some
embodiments, each L.sup.2 is a 2 to 8 membered heteroalkylene
including at least one selected from O, S, N, or P, which may be
substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is
a 2 to 5 membered heteroalkylene including at least one selected
from O, S, N, or P, which may be substituted or unsubstituted. In
some embodiments, each L.sup.2 is a 2 to 3 membered heteroalkylene
including at least one selected from O, S, N, or P, which may be
substituted or unsubstituted.
[0034] In certain embodiments, the linear organosilane polymer may
include units of the
following formula:
##STR00005##
wherein each R is the same or different and may be a hydrogen or
non-hydrogen substituent; and y is a positive integer.
[0035] In certain embodiments, the linear organosilane polymer may
include units of the following formula:
##STR00006##
wherein each R is the same or different and may be a hydrogen or
non-hydrogen substituent; each L.sup.1 is the same or different
linker group; and z is a positive integer.
[0036] In some embodiments, the linear organosilane polymer may
include units of the following formula:
##STR00007##
wherein each R is the same or different and may be a hydrogen or
non-hydrogen substituent; each X and X' is the same or different
and may be hydrogen or a non-hydrogen substituent; each x is the
same or different positive integer; and y and z are each the same
or different positive integer.
[0037] In some embodiments, each X and X' is hydrogen. In some
embodiments, each X and X' is other than hydrogen.
[0038] In some embodiments, each X and X' is alkyl, which may be
substituted or unsubstituted. In some embodiments, X and X' is
unsubstituted alkyl. In some embodiments, X and X' is unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl. In some embodiments, each X and X' is ethyl.
In some embodiments, each X and X' is methyl. In some embodiments,
each X and X' is halogen (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I).
[0039] In some embodiments, the linear organosilane polymer may
include units of the following formula:
##STR00008##
wherein each R is the same or different and may be a hydrogen or
non-hydrogen substituent; each x is the same or different positive
integer; and y and z are each the same or different positive
integer.
[0040] In some embodiments, each R is other than hydrogen. In some
embodiments, each R is alkyl, which may be substituted or
unsubstituted. In some embodiments, R is unsubstituted alkyl. In
some embodiments, R is unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl. In some
embodiments, each R is ethyl. In some embodiments, each R is
methyl.
[0041] In some embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 1000. In some
embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 900. In some embodiments, y
is an integer from 1 to 800. In some embodiments, y is an integer
from 1 to 700. In some embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 600.
In some embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 500. In some
embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 400. In some embodiments, y
is an integer from 1 to 300. In some embodiments, y is an integer
from 1 to 200. In some embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 100.
In some embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 90. In some
embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 80. In some embodiments, y
is an integer from 1 to 70. In some embodiments, y is an integer
from 1 to 60. In some embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 50. In
some embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 40. In some
embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 30. In some embodiments, y
is an integer from 1 to 20. In some embodiments, y is an integer
from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 1000.
In some embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 900. In some
embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 800. In some embodiments, z
is an integer from 0 to 700. In some embodiments, z is an integer
from 0 to 600. In some embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 500.
In some embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 400. In some
embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 300. In some embodiments, z
is an integer from 0 to 200. In some embodiments, z is an integer
from 0 to 100. In some embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 90.
In some embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 80. In some
embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 70. In some embodiments, z
is an integer from 0 to 60. In some embodiments, z is an integer
from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 40. In
some embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 30. In some
embodiments, z is an integer from 0 to 20. In some embodiments, z
is an integer from 0 to 10. In some embodiments, x is an integer
from 1 to 30. In some embodiments, x is an integer from 1 to 20. In
some embodiments, x is an integer from 1 to 10. In some
embodiments, x is an integer from 1 to 9. In some embodiments, x is
an integer from 1 to 8. In some embodiments, x is an integer from 1
to 7. In some embodiments, x is an integer from 1 to 6. In some
embodiments, x is an integer from 1 to 5. In some embodiments, x is
an integer from 1 to 4. In some embodiments, x is an integer from 1
to 9. In some embodiments, x is an integer from 1 to 3. In some
embodiments, x is an integer from 1 to 9. In some embodiments, x is
an integer from 1 to 2. In some embodiments, x is 1.
[0042] In certain embodiments, the adhesion promoter composition is
of the formula: C.sub.mH.sub.nO.sub.pSi.sub.q, wherein the
subscript m ranges from 64 to 170, the subscript n ranges from 150
to 402, the subscript p ranges from 36 to 99, and the subscript q
ranges from 15 to 45. In certain embodiments, the adhesion promoter
composition is a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane of the
formula: C.sub.170H.sub.402O.sub.99Si.sub.45. In certain other
embodiments, the adhesion promoter composition is a linear
organosilane polymer of the formula:
C.sub.64H.sub.152O.sub.36Si.sub.16.
[0043] In certain embodiments, the adhesion promoter composition,
in addition to the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane or the
linear organosilane polymer, also comprises additional components.
Such additional components include, but are not limited to solvents
and acids. Suitable solvents that can be included include organic
solvents, including polar organic solvents such as ethanol or
methanol. One exemplary polar organic solvent that can be used is
ethanol. Suitable acids include any acids that are capable of
adjusting the pH of the adhesion promoter composition to
approximately 2 and include, but are aqueous acids and certain, but
are not limited to, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid,
and the like.
III. Topcoat Layer
[0044] As noted above, the treated substrate 10 also includes the
topcoat layer 18 disposed on the adhesion promoter layer 16.
[0045] The topcoat layer 18 is formed from a topcoat composition
that comprises at least one fluorinated organic silicon compound
which contains no etheric oxygen atom (i.e., Compound (A)) and at
least one fluorinated organic silicon compound which contains an
etheric oxygen atom (i.e., Compound (B)).
[0046] In certain embodiments, the compound (A) is selected from
the group consisting of a compound represented by the following
formula (1a), its partially hydrolyzed condensate, and a compound
represented by the following formula (1b):
##STR00009##
[0047] In the formulae (1a) and (1b), R.sup.f1 is a C.sub.1-20
perfluoroalkyl group which contains no etheric oxygen atom between
carbon-carbon atoms and which may have a ring structure, Y is a
C.sub.1-6 bivalent organic group which contains no fluorine atom,
R.sup.11 each independently is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6
hydrocarbon group which contains no fluorine atom, X.sup.1 each
independently is a halogen atom, an alkoxy group or an isocyanate
group, r is an integer of from 0 to 2, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom
or a C.sub.1-3 hydrocarbon group which contains no fluorine atom,
and b is an integer of from 1 to 100).
[0048] In certain embodiments, the compound (B) is selected from
the group consisting of a compound represented by the following
formula (2a), its partially hydrolyzed condensate, and a compound
represented by the following formula (2b):
##STR00010##
[0049] In the formulae (2a) and (2b), R.sup.f2 is a C.sub.1-20
perfluoroalkyl group which may have an etheric oxygen atom inserted
between carbon-carbon atoms and which may have a ring structure, W
is --O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2-- (wherein a is an
integer of from 1 to 200), Z is a bivalent organic group, R.sup.12
each independently is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-16 hydrocarbon
group which contains no fluorine atom, X.sup.2 each independently
is a halogen atom, an alkoxy group or an isocyanate group, p is an
integer of from 0 to 2, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3
hydrocarbon group which contains no fluorine atom, and c is an
integer of from 1 to 100).
[0050] The compound (A) which is contained in the topcoat
composition for forming a topcoat layer of the exemplary
embodiment, is at least one fluorinated organic silicon compound
which contains no etheric oxygen atom and which is selected from
the group consisting of a compound represented by the following
formula (1a), its partially hydrolyzed condensate, and a compound
represented by the following formula (1b). A partially hydrolyzed
condensate of the compound represented by the following formula
(1a) will be described later. Firstly, the compound (A) which is
not a partially hydrolyzed condensate, will be described.
##STR00011##
[0051] The compound (A) may be composed solely of the compound
represented by the above formula (1a), may be composed solely of
the compound represented by the above formula (1b), or may be
composed of their mixture.
[0052] In each of the above formulae (1a) and (1b), R.sup.f1 is a
C.sub.1-20 perfluoroalkyl group which contains no etheric oxygen
atom between carbon-carbon atoms and which may have a ring
structure. So long as the above conditions are satisfied, R.sup.f1
may be of a linear structure, a branched structure or a cyclic
structure, or of a structure which partially has a branched
structure and a cyclic structure. As such R.sup.f1, the following
groups may specifically be mentioned:
##STR00012##
[0053] Here, 1 is an integer of from 0 to 19, preferably an integer
of from 0 to 15, particularly preferably an integer of from 0 to
6.
C F Y ##EQU00001##
is a perfluorocyclohexyl group.
A F d ##EQU00002##
is a perfluoroadamantyl group. Each of m and n is an integer of
from 0 to 15.
[0054] Among them, as R.sup.f1 in the subject invention,
CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2), is preferred, and one having a linear structure
is further preferred. Further, a preferred number of carbon atoms
in R.sup..intg.1 may be from 3 to 8.
[0055] In each of the formulae (1a) and (1b), Y being a group which
links R.sup.f1 and a silicon atom, is a C.sub.1-6 bivalent organic
group which contains no fluorine atom and is not particularly
limited other than such a condition. Y is preferably a bivalent
organic group selected from (CH.sub.2), (wherein i is an integer of
from 1 to 6), --CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.j-- (wherein j is an integer of
from 1 to 5) and --CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.5-k-- (wherein k is an
integer of from 1 to 4), more preferably --(CH.sub.2).sub.2--,
--CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.3--, --CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH(CH.sub.2).sub.3
or the like.
[0056] In each of the formulae (1a) and (1b), R.sup.11 each
independently is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbon group
which contains no fluorine atom. Among them, in the formula (1a),
R.sup.11 is preferably a C.sub.1-4 hydrocarbon group, particularly
preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. Further, in the
formula (1b), R.sup.11 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
[0057] In the formula (1a), X.sup.1 is a halogen atom, an alkoxy
group or an isocyanate group. Each of them is a hydrolyzable group.
When r is 0 or 1, a plurality of X.sup.1 may be the same or
different. Further, X.sup.1 is preferably a chlorine atom, a
C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group or an isocyanate group, particularly
preferably a chlorine atom. Still further, r is an integer of from
0 to 2, preferably 0 or 1, since the adhesion, the durability, etc.
of the formed layer will be thereby excellent.
[0058] In the formula (1b), R.sup.1 each independently is a
hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3 hydrocarbon group which contains no
fluorine atom. R.sup.1 is preferably a hydrogen atom with a view to
improvement of the reactivity.
[0059] In the formula (1b), b is an integer of from 1 to 100. Here,
b represents the number of units of the silicon-nitrogen bond in
the compound represented by the formula (1b), and in the subject
invention, b is preferably from 1 to 50 from the viewpoint of the
coating property.
[0060] In the composition for forming a topcoat layer of the
exemplary embodiment, one type of the compound (A) may be used
alone, or two or more types of the compound (A) may be used in
combination.
[0061] Specific examples of the compound (A) will be shown below
with respect to each of the compound represented by the formula
(1a) and the compound represented by the formula (1b). However,
X.sup.1 and R.sup.11 in the following formulae have the same
meanings as mentioned above, and their preferred embodiments are
also the same, e is an integer of from 1 to 20, f is an integer of
from 1 to 6, g is an integer of from 1 to 5, and h is an integer of
from 1 to 4.
Compounds Represented by the Formula (1a)
[0062] F(CF.sub.2).sub.e(CH.sub.2).sub.fSiX.sup.1.sub.3,
F(CF.sub.2).sub.e(CH.sub.2).sub.fSi(R.sup.11)X.sup.1.sub.2,
F(CF.sub.2).sub.eCONH(CH.sub.2).sub.9SiX.sup.1.sub.3,
F(CF.sub.2).sub.eCONH(CH.sub.2).sub.gSi(R.sup.11)X.sup.1.sub.2,
F(CF.sub.2).sub.eCONH(CH.sub.2).sub.hNH(CH.sub.2).sub.5-hSiX.sup.1.sub.3-
,
F(CF.sub.2).sub.eCONH(CH.sub.2).sub.hNH(CH.sub.2).sub.5-hSi(R.sup.11)X.s-
up.1.sub.2
Compounds Represented by the Formula (1b)
##STR00013##
[0064] The above compound (A) to be used in the subject invention
can be produced by a common method. Further, as the compound (A), a
commercial product is available, and therefore, in the subject
invention, it is possible to employ such a commercial product.
[0065] The compound (B) contained in the composition of the
exemplary embodiment is at least one fluorinated organic silicon
compound which contains an etheric oxygen atom and which is
selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the
following formula (2a), its partially hydrolyzed condensate, and a
compound represented by the following formula (2b). The partially
hydrolyzed condensate of the compound represented by the following
formula (2a) will be described later. Firstly, the compound (B)
which is not a partially hydrolyzed condensate, will be described.
Compounds represented by formulae (2a) and (2b) may be as
follows:
##STR00014##
[0066] The compound (B) may be composed solely of the compound
represented by the above formula (2a), may be composed solely of
the compound represented by the above formula (2b), or may be
composed of their mixture.
[0067] In each of the above formulae (2a) and (2b), R.sup.f2 is a
C.sub.1-20 perfluoroalkyl group, (which may have a ring structure
or may have an etheric oxygen atom inserted between carbon-carbon
atoms). The C.sub.1-20 perfluoroalkyl group represented by R.sup.f2
may be of a linear structure, a branched structure, a cyclic
structure, or a structure which partially has a branched structure
and a cyclic structure. As such R.sup.f2, the following groups may
specifically be mentioned:
##STR00015##
[0068] Here, 1 is an integer of from 0 to 19, preferably an integer
of from 0 to 15, particularly preferably an integer of from 0 to
6.
C F Y ##EQU00003##
is a perfluorocyclohexyl group.
A F d ##EQU00004##
is a perfluoroadamantyl group. Each of m and n is an integer of
from 0 to 15.
[0069] Among them, as R.sup.f2 in the subject invention, CF.sub.3
(CF.sub.2).sub.m-- is preferred, and one having a linear structure
is more preferred. Further, the number of carbon atoms in R.sup.f2
is preferably from 1 to 16, particularly preferably from 1 to
8.
[0070] The perfluoroalkyl group having an etheric oxygen atom
inserted between carbon-carbon atoms is a group having an etheric
oxygen atom inserted between carbon-carbon atoms of the
above-mentioned perfluoroalkyl group. Depending upon the inserted
etheric oxygen atom, in a case where a perfluoro(oxyethylene) group
i.e. --OCF.sub.2CF.sub.2-- is formed on the bond terminal side in
the perfluoroalkyl group, such a perfluoro(oxyethylene) group is
regarded as a perfluoro(oxyethylene) group in W in the above
formula. In a case where such a perfluoro(oxyethylene) group is not
linked to the perfluoro(oxyethylene) group in W, it is a
perfluoro(oxyethylene) group in R.sup.12. The etheric oxygen atom
in R.sup.12 may form a perfluoro(oxypropylene) group, but a
perfluoro(oxypropylene) group may not be able to sufficiently
exhibit the desired effect due to the presence of a
trifluoromethyl) group as its side chain. Therefore, in a case
where there are two or more etheric oxygen atoms inserted in
R.sup.f2, they preferably form a structure wherein two or more
units of perfluoro(oxyethylene) groups are repeated.
[0071] It is preferred that a perfluoroalkyl group having an
etheric oxygen atom inserted does not have a --OCF.sub.2O--
structure. This means that the --OCF.sub.2O-- structure is a
structure, on which the presence of a nuclear structure cannot be
detected by a usual analytical method (such as .sup.19F-NMR
(nuclear magnetic resonance)). In a case where R.sup.f2 has a
structure wherein two or more units of perfluoro(oxyethylene)
groups are repeated, --OCF.sub.2O-- is likely to be formed at one
end of such a structure in many cases. However, the --OCF.sub.2O--
structure in R.sup.f2 is unstable and is likely to bring about
deterioration of the heat resistance.
[0072] When etheric oxygen atoms are inserted between carbon-carbon
atoms, the number of oxygen atoms to be inserted is preferably from
1 to 7, more preferably from 1 to 4. The positions of such oxygen
atoms to be inserted are between carbon atom-carbon atom single
bonds, and the number of carbon atoms present between oxygen atoms
is at least 2.
[0073] In each of the above formulae (2a) and (2b), W is a bivalent
organic group represented by
--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--, wherein a is an integer
of from 1 to 200. Here, a is preferably an integer of from 3 to 50,
more preferably from 4 to 25, further preferably from 5 to 10. By
adjusting the number for a within this range, it becomes possible
to impart a sufficient water droplets-removing property to the
topcoat layer which is formed from the composition for forming a
topcoat layer of the exemplary embodiment.
[0074] In each of the above formulae (2a) and (2b), Z is a bivalent
organic group. This bivalent organic group preferably has at most
10 carbon atoms and may have a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom
or a nitrogen atom. Usually, the compound (B) is produced by
reacting a compound having R.sup.f2--W-- with a compound having a
silicon atom (i.e. by reacting a functional group at the silicon
atom side terminal of W with a functional group of the compound
having a silicon atom). Z is preferably a bivalent organic group to
be formed by a reaction of a reactive group-containing organic
group bonded to such a silicon atom with the above-mentioned
reactive group bonded to the terminal of W. Further, a compound
having an alkenyl group at the silicon atom side terminal of W and
a silicon atom having hydrogen atoms bonded to the silicon atom may
be bonded by a hydrosilylation reaction to obtain a compound
wherein Z is an alkylene group.
[0075] Preferably, Z is a bivalent organic group to be formed by a
reaction of a functional group at the silicon atom side terminal of
W with a functional group of the compound having a silicon atom.
The reactive group bonded to a difluoromethylene group at the
terminal of W may, for example, be a reactive group having a
carbonyl group such as a carboxyl group, a halocarbonyl group or an
alkoxycarbonyl group, or a hydroxymethyl group. On the other hand,
the reactive group in the compound having a silicon atom may be a
reactive group having an organic group bonded to the silicon atom.
For example, an amino group in e.g. a 3-aminopropyl group or an
N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl group, an isocyanate group such as a
3-isocyanate propyl group, a chlorine atom group bonded to a carbon
atom such as a 3-chloropropyl group, an epoxy group such as a
3-glycidyl oxypropyl group, a hydroxy group such as a
3-hydroxypropyl group, or a mercapto group such as a
3-mercaptooxypropyl group, may be mentioned. For example, by a
reaction of a reactive group having a carbonyl group with a
3-aminopropyl group, Z represented by --CONHC.sub.3H.sub.6-- will
be formed.
[0076] Z is preferably a bivalent organic group selected from
--CONHC.sub.3H.sub.6--, --CONHC.sub.2H.sub.4--,
--CH.sub.2OCONHC.sub.3H.sub.6--,
--COCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2OC.sub.3H.sub.6--,
--CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2OC.sub.3H--,
--CH.sub.2OC.sub.3H.sub.6, --CF.sub.2OC.sub.3H.sub.6--,
--C.sub.2H.sub.4-- and --C.sub.3H.sub.6--. Among them,
--CONHC.sub.3H.sub.6--, --CONHC.sub.2H.sub.4-- or
--C.sub.2H.sub.4-- is particularly preferred.
[0077] In each of the above formulae (2a) and (2b), R.sup.12 may be
the same groups as R.sup.11 in the above-mentioned formulae (1a)
and (1b). Its preferred examples are also the same as mentioned
above.
[0078] In the formula (2a), X.sup.2 may be the same group as
X.sup.1 in the above formula (1a). Its preferred examples are also
the same as mentioned above.
[0079] In the formula (2a), p is an integer of from 0 to 2, but is
preferably 0 or 1, since the adhesion, the durability, etc. of the
formed layer will thereby be excellent.
[0080] In the formula (2b), R.sup.2 may be the same group as
R.sup.1 in the above formula (1b). Its preferred examples are also
the same as mentioned above, c is one representing the number of
units of silicon-nitrogen bonds in the compound represented by the
formula (2b), and in the subject invention, c is preferably from 1
to 50 from the viewpoint of the coating property.
[0081] In the topcoat composition for forming a topcoat layer of
the exemplary embodiment, one type of the compound (B) may be used
alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
[0082] Specific examples of the compound (B) will be shown below
with respect to each of the compound represented by the formula
(2a) and the compound represented by the formula (2b):
Compounds Represented by the Formula (2a)
[0083]
R.sup.f2--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CONHC.sub.3H.sub-
.6Si(R.sup.12).sub.p (B1)
R.sup.f2--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CH.sub.2OCONHC.sub.3H.-
sub.6Si(R.sup.12).sub.p(X.sup.2).sub.3-p (B2)
R.sup.f2--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CH.sub.2OC.sub.3H.sub.-
6Si(R.sup.12).sub.p (B3)
R.sup.f2--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CF.sub.2OC.sub.3H.sub.-
6Si(R.sup.12).sub.p (B4)
R.sup.f2--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--C.sub.2H.sub.4Si(R.sup-
.12).sub.p(X.sup.2).sub.3-p (B5)
R.sup.f2--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--C.sub.3H.sub.6Si(R.sup-
.12).sub.p(X.sup.2).sub.3-p (B6)
Compounds Represented by the Formula (2b)
##STR00016##
[0085] Among them, preferred specific examples as the compound (B)
in the subject invention, are as follows:
CF.sub.3--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CONHC.sub.3H.sub.6Si(O-
CH.sub.3).sub.3
CF.sub.3--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CONHC.sub.3H.sub.6Si(O-
C.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.3
CF.sub.3--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CONHC.sub.2H.sub.4Si(O-
CH.sub.3).sub.3
CF.sub.3--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CONHC.sub.2H.sub.4Si(O-
C.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.3
CF.sub.3--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--C.sub.2H.sub.4Si(OCH.s-
ub.3).sub.3
CF.sub.3--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--C.sub.2H.sub.4Si(OC.su-
b.2H.sub.5).sub.3
[0086] In all of the above compounds (B), a=7 to 8, and the average
value of a is 7.3 (hereinafter referred to as "a=7 to 8, average
value: 7.3".)
[0087] The above compound (B) to be used in the subject invention
can be produced by a known method. For example, the above compound
(B) can be produced specifically by the method disclosed in
WO2009-008380, which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0088] The compound represented by the formula (1a) and the
compound represented by the formula (2a) may be their respective
partially hydrolyzed condensates. A partially hydrolyzed condensate
is meant for an oligomer to be formed by hydrolysis of all or some
of hydrolyzable silyl groups in a solvent in the presence of a
catalyst such as an acid catalyst or an alkali catalyst, followed
by dehydration condensation. However, the condensation degree
(oligomerization degree) of such a partially hydrolyzed condensate
is required to be such a degree that the product is soluble in a
solvent. Therefore, the compound (A) to be contained in the
composition for forming a topcoat layer of the exemplary embodiment
may be a partially hydrolyzed condensate of the compound
represented by the formula (1a), and likewise, the compound (B) may
be a partially hydrolyzed condensate of the compound represented by
the formula (2a). Further, they may contain the respective
unreacted compounds represented by the formulae (1a) and (2a).
[0089] The topcoat composition for forming a topcoat layer of the
exemplary embodiment comprises the above compounds (A) and (B).
[0090] Here, the compounds (A) and (B) may be contained in the form
of the above-described compounds themselves in the topcoat
composition for forming a topcoat layer of the exemplary
embodiment. The topcoat composition for forming a topcoat layer of
the exemplary embodiment preferably contains the compound (A) in
the form of the compound represented by the formula (1a) and/or its
partially hydrolyzed condensate, and the compound (B) preferably is
in the form of the compound represented by the formula (2a) and/or
its partially hydrolyzed condensate. In such a case, it is more
preferred that they are contained in the form of a partially
hydrolyzed co-condensate of the compounds (A) and (B).
[0091] As mentioned above, the partially hydrolyzed co-condensate
of the compounds (A) and (B) is also meant for an oligomer to be
formed by hydrolysis of all or some of hydrolyzable silyl groups in
a solvent in the presence of a catalyst such as an acid catalyst or
an alkali catalyst, followed by dehydration condensation, but here,
the oligomer is one obtainable by hydrolytic condensation of a
mixture of two types of hydrolyzable silyl group-containing
compounds (i.e. the compound (A): a compound represented by the
formula (1a) and/or its partially hydrolyzed condensate, and the
compound (B): a compound represented by the formula (2a) and/or its
partially hydrolyzed condensate), and therefore is called as a
partially hydrolyzed "co-" condensate. The condensation degree
(oligomerization degree) of such a partially hydrolyzed
co-condensate is required to be such that the product is soluble in
a solvent.
[0092] Further, the partially hydrolyzed co-condensate is one to be
formed by reacting, as the compound (A), a compound represented by
the formula (1a) and/or its partially hydrolyzed condensate, and,
as the compound (B), a compound represented by the formula (2a)
and/or its partially hydrolyzed condensate in a solvent containing
them, and may contain unreacted compounds (A) and (B). In the case
of producing the partially hydrolyzed co-condensate, it is
preferred that as the compound (A), a compound represented by the
formula (1a) (not its partially hydrolyzed condensate) is used, and
as the compound (B), a compound represented by the formula (2a)
(not its partially hydrolyzed condensate) is used.
[0093] The partially hydrolyzed co-condensate of the compounds (A)
and (B) can be produced by dissolving in a solvent a prescribed
amount of a compound represented by the formula (1a) and/or its
partially hydrolyzed condensate, and a prescribed amount of a
compound represented by the formula (2a) and/or its partially
hydrolyzed condensate, followed by stirring for a prescribed time
in the presence of a catalyst such as an acid catalyst or an alkali
catalyst, and water. As the acid catalyst, hydrochloric acid,
nitric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic
acid, methane sulfonic acid or p-toluene sulfonic acid may, for
example, be used. As the alkali catalyst, sodium hydroxide,
potassium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia may, for example, be used.
By using an aqueous solution of such a catalyst, water required for
the hydrolysis may be present in the reaction system. By heating in
the presence of the catalyst and water, the reaction may be
accelerated, but if the reaction proceeds too much, the
condensation degree becomes too high, and the product is likely to
be insoluble in a solvent. So long as a proper amount of the
catalyst is present, it is preferred to carry out the reaction at
normal temperature. The obtained solution of the partially
hydrolyzed co-condensate may be used as it is, as the composition
for forming a topcoat layer of the exemplary embodiment.
[0094] By using the above partially hydrolyzed co-condensate, it is
possible to form a topcoat layer having a higher performance. For
example, in the case of a topcoat layer which is formed from the
compound represented by the formula (1a) and the compound
represented by the formula (2a), the topcoat layer is made of a
hydrolyzed co-condensate of the two compounds and becomes a film
wherein units derived from the two compounds are uniformly
dispersed. The hydrolyzed co-condensate of the two compounds can be
formed in a relatively short time, and in a film directly formed
from the compound represented by the formula (1a) and the compound
represented by the formula (2a), it is likely that the uniformity
in the distribution of the units derived from the two compounds
tends to deteriorate. By preliminarily preparing the partially
hydrolyzed co-condensate containing units derived from the two
compounds, such uniformity is considered to be improved.
[0095] The compositional proportions of effective components in the
topcoat composition for forming a topcoat layer of the exemplary
embodiment can be determined from the amounts of the compounds (A)
and (B) to be used. In a case where the composition comprises the
compounds (A) and (B), the compositional proportions can be
determined by the proportions of the two compounds used for
producing the composition. However, in a case where the composition
for forming a topcoat layer of the exemplary embodiment contains
the above-mentioned partially hydrolyzed co-condensate, it is
difficult to measure the compositional proportions of the effective
components in such a partially hydrolyzed co-condensate. In such a
case, in the subject invention, the compositional pro-portions of
the effective components are determined by the starting material
composition before producing the partially hydrolyzed
co-condensate. That is, the compositional proportions of the
effective components are determined from the amounts of the
compounds (A) and (B) used as starting materials for the partially
hydrolyzed co-condensate. For example, in a case where the
composition for forming a topcoat layer is formed by producing a
partially hydrolyzed co-condensate from the compound represented by
the formula (1a) and the compound represented by the formula (2a),
the compositional proportions of units of the compound represented
by the formula (1a) and units of the compound represented by the
formula (2a) in the partially hydrolyzed co-condensate are regarded
to be the same as the compositional proportions of the two starting
material compounds used.
[0096] The proportion of the compound (B) in the topcoat
composition for forming a topcoat layer of the exemplary embodiment
is preferably from 10 to 90 mass %, more preferably from 10 to 60
mass %, particularly preferably from 10 to 30 mass %, as the mass
percentage of the compound (B) to the total mass of the compounds
(A) and (B) represented by [compound (B)]/[compounds (A) and
(B)].times.100.
[0097] Further, in such a case, the proportion of the compound (A)
in the topcoat composition for forming a topcoat layer of the
exemplary embodiment is preferably from 90 to 10 wt %, more
preferably from 90 to 40 mass %, particularly preferably from 90 to
70 mass %, as mass percentage of the compound (A) to the total mass
of the compounds (A) and (B). As mentioned above, in the case of
the partially hydrolyzed co-condensate, the mass percentage here is
a compositional proportion calculated from the amounts of the
compounds (A) and (B) before the reaction.
IV. Method of Application
[0098] The subject invention is also directed to a method for
producing a treated substrate utilizing the afore-mentioned
adhesion promoter composition and topcoat composition, each in
accordance with the subject invention.
[0099] The method begins by providing the substrate (i.e., the
untreated substrate) as described above. Preferably, the substrate
has been cleaned using a solvent or an appropriate cleaning
treatment known to those of ordinary skill. By way of example, the
substrate may be cleaned first with a 2% CeO.sub.2 solution, then
rinsed with deionized water and dried using compressed air.
[0100] The process continues by applying the adhesion promoter
composition onto at least a part of a surface of a substrate. The
adhesion promoter composition, in certain embodiments, comprises
the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane as described above, such
as the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane of formula (I), (II),
or (III). In other embodiments, the adhesion promoter composition
comprises the linear organosilane polymer described above, such as
the linear organosilane polymers comprising units of the formula
(IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII) or (IX) described above. The method
of application of the adhesion promoter composition is not limited,
and may include applying the composition by a spray application, a
dipping application, a wiping application, or the like. In certain
embodiments, a wiping application is used, wherein the adhesion
promoter composition is wiped onto the cleaned and dried substrate
using a soaked sponge in one or more application processes.
Preferably, if multiple layers are applied, such application of the
subsequent layers is within approximately thirty seconds such that
the total wet thickness of the applied adhesion promoter
composition is in the range of 100 nanometers or less, such as from
20 to 50 nanometers, corresponding to an applied monolayer of the
adhesion promoter composition.
[0101] Next, the applied adhesion promoter composition is cured to
form the adhesion promoter layer disposed on the substrate. In
certain embodiments, the curing process includes wherein the
applied adhesion promoter composition is allowed to air dry at room
temperature for at least 5 seconds, such as 20 to 40 seconds, such
as 25 seconds. While there is no upper limit to the time for
allowing the applied adhesion promoter composition to cure, it is
preferred that the curing process extends no more than about a
minute prior to the application of the topcoat composition. The
resultant cured layer of the adhesion promoter composition has a
dry layer thickness in the range of 100 nanometers or less, such as
from 20 to 50 nanometers, and the lower limit is the dry thickness
of a monomolecular layer of the adhesion promoter composition and
is preferred.
[0102] Next, the method continues by applying the topcoat
composition onto the formed adhesion promoter layer and/or onto
portions of the cleaned substrate not including the applied
adhesion promoter composition layer. The method of application may
be the same or different as the application of the adhesion
promoter composition, and may include applying the topcoat
composition by a spray application, a dipping application, a wiping
application, or the like. In certain embodiments, a wiping
application is used, wherein the topcoat composition is applied
using a soaked sponge in one or more application processes.
[0103] Next, the applied topcoat composition is cured to form a
topcoat layer disposed on the formed adhesion promoter layer and/or
onto portions of the cleaned substrate. Preferably, the curing
process is cured at ambient temperatures or higher and relatively
high relative humidity for a sufficient period of time to ensure
that the topcoat layer is dry and adhered to the cured adhesion
promoter layer and/or substrate. In certain embodiments, the
topcoat composition is cured for about 30 to 120 minutes, such as
about 45 minutes, at a temperature between 60 and 80 degrees
Fahrenheit (i.e., about 15-30 degrees Celsius) at a relative
humidity of at least 50%, such as from 50 to 90%, such as from 60
to 80%. The thickness of the cured topcoat composition forming the
topcoat layer is not particularly limited. However, if the formed
topcoat layer is too thick, a damage may distinctly be observed. In
certain embodiments, a dry thickness of the formed topcoat layer is
at most 100 nanometers, such as at most 50 nanometers, such as from
20 to 50 nanometers, and the lower limit is the dry thickness of a
monomolecular topcoat layer and is preferred.
[0104] Finally, and optionally, the produced treated substrate may
be cleaned using a solvent such as isopropyl alcohol or acetone.
More specifically, an outer surface of the formed topcoat layer may
be wiped with the solvent.
[0105] The treated substrates, produced in accordance with the
method described above, provide excellent initial hydrophobic
properties, and corresponding water repellent properties, and such
treated substrates retain such hydrophobic and water repellent
properties under a wide variety of test conditions intended to
simulate environmental conditions, thereby confirming the
durability properties of the treated substrate, which is surprising
and unexpected.
[0106] In certain embodiments, the treated substrate has an initial
water contact angle of 95 degrees or more, and preferably above 100
degrees, such as from 100 to 115 degrees, with the water contact
angle being measured in accordance with ASTM D7334-08 (2013). In
particular, an outer surface of the treated substrate has the
initial water contact angles as described above. Such water contact
angle properties are an indication that the treated substrate has
the desired hydrophobic properties, and also has water repellent
properties.
[0107] In certain embodiments, the treated substrate has a sliding
angle of less than or equal to 30 degrees, such as from 10 to 20
degrees, as also measured by ASTM D7334-08 (2013). In particular,
an outer surface of the treated substrate has the initial sliding
angle as described above. Such slide angle properties are another
indication that the treated substrate has the desired hydrophobic
properties, and also has water repellent properties.
[0108] In certain embodiments, the treated substrate, and in
particular the outer surface of the treated substrate,
substantially retains its water contact angle properties after
various environmental tests, including mechanical durability
(Flannel 1500 or 3000 testing), Xenon weatherometer testing, hot
water testing, chemical strength testing, high temperature high
humidity testing (HTHH), and salt spray (a description of each of
these tests is described below). In particular, the treated
substrate, maintains its water contact angles at above 80 degrees
after each of such various environmental tests. When the water
contact angle, as measured in accordance with ASTM D7334-08 (2013)
is below 80 degrees, the treated substrate loses its hydrophobic
and water repellent properties.
[0109] The treated substrate of the subject invention may be used
as an article for a transport equipment in the transportation
industry. The article for a transport equipment may, for example,
be a body of e.g. an electric train, an automobile, a ship or an
aircraft, window glass (front glass, side glass or rear glass), a
mirror or a bumper. Due to its hydrophobic properties, the treated
substrate has an excellent water droplet removal property (i.e.,
water repellent properties), whereby deposition of water droplets
on the surface of the topcoat layer is scarce, and deposited water
droplets will be quickly repelled. In addition, by the interaction
with wind pressure resulting from the movement of the transport
equipment, deposited water droplets swiftly move on the surface and
will not stay as water droplets. Thus, adverse effects caused by
water droplets can be eliminated.
[0110] In particular, the treated substrate of the subject
invention may be utilized as window glass for a vehicle such as an
automobile or truck. In particular, the treated substrate of the
subject invention may be utilized as side window glass for a
vehicle such as an automobile or truck. Accordingly, in these
embodiments, the treated substrates also are also substantially
transparent, with the term "substantially transparent" used in the
same manner as described above with respect to the substrate 14
prior to the application of the layers as described above. In these
transparent window applications, it becomes very easy to secure a
visual field through the treated substrate by easy removal of water
droplets, whereby the safety can be improved in the operation of
the vehicles. Further, even in a freezing environment, water
droplets tend to be hardly frozen to the treated substrate, and
even if frozen, thawing is very fast. Further, deposition of water
droplets on the treated substrate is scarce, whereby the number of
cleaning operations of the treated substrate can be reduced, and
yet, cleaning operations of the treated substrates can easily be
carried out.
[0111] Now, the subject invention will be described with reference
to Examples. However, the subject invention is by no means
restricted to such specific Examples.
EXAMPLES
[0112] In the Examples provided herein, various combinations of
adhesion promoter compositions and topcoat compositions were
applied to a glass substrate material, including adhesion promoter
compositions and topcoat compositions (WRC) of the subject
invention, with the resultant treated substrates evaluated for
initial water contact angle and for water contact angle after the
performance of various environmental and/or physical tests.
Process of Making WRC Topcoat Composition
[0113] The water resistant topcoat (WRC) coating composition for
use in forming the topcoat layer is formed, with the components as
shown in Table 1, by introducing 80 parts by weight of a 7.5/92.5
weight percent mixture of a fluorine-containing chlorosilane
compound (i.e., a fluorinated organic silicon compound having no
etheric oxygen atom corresponding to compound (A) above) and
hydrofluoroether (AE3000, manufactured by Asahi Glass Company,
Limited) to a container. The mixture is stirred using a magnetic
stirrer. 1.25 parts by weight of a 94/6 weight percent mixture of
CF3-O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CONHC.sub.3H.sub.6Si(OCH.sub.-
3).sub.3 (with the subscript a=7 to 8) (i.e., a fluorinated organic
silicon compound having an etheric oxygen atom corresponding to
compound (B) above) and methanol was added dropwise to the
container. Finally, 18.5 parts by weight of butyl acetate was added
to the container. A lid is placed on the container and the
resultant mixture is mixed for 60 minutes to form the WRC coating
composition in accordance with one embodiment of the subject
invention.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 WRC Composition Parts By Component Weight
Fluorine-containing chlorosilane compound 6 AES 3000 74
CF.sub.3--O--(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a--CF.sub.2--CONHC.sub.3H.sub.6Si(OCH-
.sub.3).sub.3 1.175 Methanol 0.075 Butyl Acetate 18.75 TOTAL
100
Process of Making Adhesion Promoter Composition 1 or 2
[0114] The adhesion promotor composition is formed according to the
process illustrated and described in Table 2. The adhesion promoter
composition listed in Sequence 1 refers to the polyhedral
oligomeric silsesquioxane according to the formula:
C.sub.170H.sub.402O.sub.99Si.sub.45, which is used to form the
Adhesion Promoter Composition 1.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Process for Making Adhesion Promoter
Composition 1 Sequence Process Step 1 Add 1 gram of concentrated
polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane into a vial. 2 Add 10 mL
(milliliters) of Ethanol (EtOH) to the vial and shake for 2
minutes. Transfer to a container. 3 Rinse the vial with 10 mL of
EtOH and pour into ajar. Repeat this step until all of the solids
are transferred to the jar. 4 Fill the jar with EtOH to a volume of
500 mL. Shake or agitate the jar until all solids are dissolved. 5
Add 3.75 mL of Nitric Acid to the 500 mL jar. 6 Tighten the cap on
the jar and shake the jar vigorously for 3 minutes to form the
Adhesion Promoter Composition 1. Use within 2 hours.
[0115] The same process can also be used to form Adhesion Promoter
Composition 2, wherein Sequence 1 substitutes the linear
organosilane polymer according to the formula:
C.sub.64H.sub.52O.sub.36Si.sub.16 for the polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxane according to the formula:
C.sub.170H.sub.402O.sub.99Si.sub.45.
Synthesis of compounds for Adhesion Promoter Composition
Example 1--Octa(triethoxysilyl)-T8-silsesquioxane: (A)
##STR00017##
[0117] Triethoxyvinylsilane (11 g, 0.058 mol) was dissolved in 30
mL of EtOH at room temperature followed by the addition of 2.0 ml
of aqueous KOH solution (10 mg/ml). The reaction mixture was
stirred for overnight at RT. The next day a white precipitate was
filtered off and dried in-vacuo to provide 2.3 g of white solid.
(51%). Obtained white solid/or commercially available
octavinyl-T8-silsesquioxane (5.0 g, 7.9 mmol, 1 eq) and
triethoxysilane (10.4 g, 0.063 mol, 8 eq) were dissolved in
anhydrous toluene (40 mL) and purged under Argon for 30 minutes.
Then, catalytic amount of Pt(dvs) (25 .mu.L) was added to the
reaction mixture and heated up to 80.degree. C. for overnight. The
solution was filtered through silica to remove excess starting
material. The organic filtrate is dried in-vacuo. Obtained pale
yellow oil. Yield: 11.8 g (79%).
[0118] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz): .delta. 0.63-0.66 (t,
32H), 1.20-1.23 (t, 72H), 3.78-3.81 (d, 48H), .sup.13C NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 120 MHz): 1.61 (8C), 3.35 (8C), 18.27 (24C), 58.32
(24C).
Example 2--1,2-bis-octa(triethoxysilyl)-T8-silsesquioxane: (B)
##STR00018##
[0120] 7.50 g of vinyl triethoxysilane (39.5 mmol, 14 eq) and 1.0 g
of 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (2.82 mmol, 1 eq) with a catalytic
amount of aqueous KOH solution were dissolved in ethanol at room
temperature, and stirred for five hours. During the reaction, a
white precipitate formed in the reaction vessel. The solid portion
was filtered off, and dried in-vacuo. Obtained 2.60 g of white
powder (2.10 mmol, Yield 74%).
[0121] 1.0 g of the white powder (0.95 mmol, 1 eq) and 2.35 g of
triethoxysilane (14.3 mmol, 15 eq) were dissolved in toluene at
40.degree. C. for 30 minutes under Ar gas purging. A catalytic
amount of Pt(0) was added to the reaction mixture, and heated to
80.degree. C. for 8 hours. The solution was filtered through silica
to remove by-product. The organic filtrate was dried in-vacuo to
provide 0.34 g of pale yellow oil (0.09 mmol, Yield 10%).
[0122] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz): .delta. 0.12 (t, 4H),
0.63-0.66 (t, 56H), 1.20-1.23 (t, 126H), 3.78-3.81 (d, 84H),
.sup.13C NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 120 MHz): 1.37 (14C), 2.1 (2C), 2.52
(14C), 18.27 (42C), 58.32 (42C).
Example 3--1,1,2-tris-octa(triethoxysilyl)-T8-silsesquioxane:
(C)
##STR00019##
[0124] 27.2 g of vinyl triethoxysilane (143.0 mmol, 21 eq) and 3.51
g of 1,1,2-tris(triethoxysilyl)ethane (6.79 mmol, 1 eq) with
catalytic amount of aqueous KOH solution were dissolved in ethanol
at room temperature, and stirred for five hours. During the
reaction, a white precipitate formed in the reaction vessel. The
solid portion was filtered off, and dried in-vacuo to provide 12 g
of white solid (6.50 mmol, Yield 96%)
[0125] 7.56 g of white solid prepared by the method described in
the preceding paragraph (5.18 mmol, 1 eq) and 17.88 g of
triethoxysilane (108.82 mmol, 21 eq) were dissolved in toluene at
40.degree. C. for 30 minutes under Ar gas purging. A catalytic
amount, 0.2 mL, of Pt(0) was added to the reaction mixture, and
heated up to 80.degree. C. for 8 hours. The solution was filtered
through silica to remove by-product. The organic filtrate was dried
in-vacuo to provide 18.85 g of pale yellow oil (3.56 mmol, Yield
69%).
[0126] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz): .delta. -0.98 (1H), 0.11
(2H), 0.56-0.69 (t, 84H), 1.10-1.13 (t, 189H), 3.72-3.74 (d, 126H),
.sup.13C NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 120 MHz): -2.17 (1C), 1.35 (1C), 1.38
(21C), 2.52 (21C), 17.88 (63C), 58.07 (63C).
Example
4--Bis-octa(triethoxysilyl)-T8-silsesquioxane-ethylmethylsilane:
(F)
##STR00020##
[0128] 5.0 g of 2-(divinylmethylsilyl)ethyltriethoxysilane (17.32
mmol, 1 eq) with a catalytic amount of aqueous KOH solution were
dissolved in ethanol at room temperature, and stirred for five
hours. During the reaction, the solution became turbid. The product
was dried in-vacuo to provide 3.2 g of liquid (2.29 mmol, Yield
64%)
[0129] 1.58 g of the liquid from the first step (1.11 mmol, 1 eq)
and 3.10 g of triethoxysilane (18.88 mmol, 16 eq) were dissolved in
toluene at 40.degree. C. for 30 minutes under Ar gas purging. A
catalytic amount of Pt(0) was added to the reaction mixture, and
heated up to 80.degree. C. for 8 hours. The solution was filtered
through silica to remove by-product. The organic filtrate was dried
in-vacuo to provide 2.3 g of pale yellow oil (0.57 mmol, Yield
51%).
Example
5--1,1,2-tris-octa(triethoxysilyl)-T8-silsesquioxane-ethylmethylsi-
lane
##STR00021##
[0131] 2-(divinylmethylsilyl)ethyltriethoxysilane and
1,1,2-tris(triethoxysilyl)ethane with catalytic amount of aqueous
KOH solution were dissolved in ethanol at room temperature, and
stirred for five hours. During the reaction, a white precipitate
formed in the reaction vessel. The solid portion was filtered off
and dried in-vacuo.
[0132] 2.41 g of the solid obtained in the first step (0.58 mmol, 1
eq) and 4.17 g of triethoxysilane (25.38 mmol, 45 eq) were
dissolved in toluene at 40.degree. C. for 30 minutes under Ar gas
purging. A catalytic amount of Pt(0) was added to the reaction
mixture and heated up to 80.degree. C. for 8 hours. The solution
was filtered through silica to remove by-product. The organic
filtrate was dried in-vacuo. Obtained 1.89 g of pale yellow oil
(0.17 mmol, Yield 30%).
Example 6--Octa(3-propylisocyanate)-T8-silsesquioxane
##STR00022##
[0134] 5 g of 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (20.21 mmol, 1 eq)
with catalytic amount of aqueous KOH solution were dissolved in
ethanol at room temperature and stirred for five hours. Added ethyl
acetate to the reaction mixture and washed out with distilled water
couple of times. Organic filtrate was dried over MgSO.sub.4 and
evaporated the solvent in-vacuo. Obtained 3.0 g of pale yellow oil
(2.75 mmol, yield 95%).
Example 7--1,2-bis-octa(3-propylisocyanate)-T8-silsesquioxane
##STR00023##
[0135] Example 8--Tris(3-propylisocyanate)-T8-silsesquioxane
[0136] 4.48 g of 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (18.11 mmol, 14
eq) and 0.45 g of 1, 2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (1.26 mmol, 1 eq)
with catalytic amount of aqueous KOH solution were dissolved in
ethanol at room temperature, and stirred for five hours. Added
ethyl acetate to the reaction mixture, and washed out with
distilled water couple of times. The organic filtrate was dried
over MgSO.sub.4 and evaporated the solvent in-vacuo to provide 2.32
g of pale yellow oil (1.26 mmol, yield quantitative).
Example 9
##STR00024##
[0138] 2.51 g of 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane(20.31 mmol, 21
eq) and 0.25 g of 1,1,2-tris(triethoxysilyl)ethane (0.97 mmol, 1
eq) with catalytic amount of aqueous KOH solution were dissolved in
ethanol at room temperature and stirred for five hours. Added ethyl
acetate to the reaction mixture and washed out with distilled water
couple of times. The organic filtrate was dried over MgSO.sub.4,
and evaporated the solvent in-vacuo to provide 2.2 g of pale yellow
oil (0.83 mmol, yield 86%)
Example 10
##STR00025##
[0140] 5.0 g of 3-Isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (21.21 mmol, 6
eq) and 1.59 g of 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane (6.73 mmol, 2
eq) with catalytic amount of aqueous KOH solution are dissolved in
ethanol at room temperature and stirred for five hours. Added ethyl
acetate to the reaction mixture and washed out distilled water
couple of times. Organic filtrate was dried over MgSO.sub.4 and
evaporated the solvent in-vacuo. Obtained 4.0 g of white solid
(3.56 mmol, yield 99%).
Example 11
##STR00026##
[0142] 4.0 g of 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (16.17 mmol, 4
eq) and 3.82 g of 3-glycidoxypropyl triethoxysilane (16.17 mmol, 4
eq) with catalytic amount of aqueous KOH solution were dissolved in
ethanol at room temperature, and stirred for five hours. Added
ethyl acetate to the reaction mixture and washed out with distilled
water couple of times. The organic filtrate was dried over
MgSO.sub.4, and evaporated the solvent in-vacuo to provide 4.95 g
of white solid (4.0 mmol, yield 99%).
Example 12
##STR00027##
[0144] 20.32 g of 3-propylamine triethoxysilane (91.99 mmol, 1 eq)
with catalytic amount of aqueous KOH solution were dissolved in
ethanol at room temperature and stirred for five hours. Added ethyl
acetate to the reaction mixture and washed out with distilled water
couple of times. Organic filtrate was dried over MgSO.sub.4 and
evaporated the solvent in-vacuo. Obtained 9.71 g of pale yellow oil
(11.01 mmol, yield 96%).
[0145] .sup.1H NMR ((EtOH-D, 500 MHz): .delta. 0.56-0.61 (t, 16H),
1.25-1.34 (m, 16H), 2.65-2.87 (t, 16H), 3.16-3.19 (b, 16H),
.sup.13C NMR ((EtOH-D, 500 MHz): .delta. 1.93 (8C), 24.8 (8C), 64.5
(8C)
Example 13
##STR00028##
[0147] 5.00 g of 3-propylamine triethoxysilane (22.58 mmol, 1 eq)
and 0.55 g of 1,1,2-tris(triethoxysilyl)ethane (1.07 mmol, 1 eq)
with catalytic amount of aqueous KOH solution were dissolved in
ethanol at room temperature and stirred for five hours. Added ethyl
acetate to the reaction mixture and washed out with distilled water
couple of times. Organic filtrate was dried over MgSO.sub.4 and
evaporated the solvent in-vacuo. Obtained 2.34 g of pale yellow oil
(1.01 mmol, yield 95%).
[0148] .sup.1H NMR ((EtOH-D, 500 MHz): .delta. 0.58-0.65 (t, 16H),
1.28-1.37 (m, 16H), 2.64-2.87 (t, 16H), .sup.13C NMR ((EtOH-D, 120
MHz): .delta. 1.93 (8C), 2.1 (1C), 25.8 (8C), 64.5 (8C),
Certain exemplary embodiments and aspects thereof are described
below in greater detail.
Example 14.--Ethylphosphonicacid-T8-silsesquioxane
##STR00029##
[0150] Phosphonatoethyltriethoxysilane (5.12 g, 15.59 mmol) was
dissolved in 10 mL of EtOH at room temperature followed by the
addition of 2.0 ml of aqueous KOH solution (10 mg/ml). The reaction
mixture was stirred for overnight at RT. The next day, the solution
was extracted with ethylacetate. Organic layer was dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and dried in-vacuo to provide 2.39 g of liquid
(1.54 mmol, Yield 79%). Obtained liquid were dissolved in a mixture
of 10 ml of ethanol and water. Then, 3 ml of HCl was added to the
reaction mixture and refluxed for overnight. The solution was
filtered through silica to remove excess starting material. The
organic filtrate is dried in-vacuo. Obtained liquid. Yield: 1.09 g
(8.47 mmol, 55%).
[0151] .sup.1H NMR (Acetone-D, 500 MHz): .delta. 0.75-0.80 (t,
16H), 1.21-1.29 (t, 48H), 1.62-1.69 (t, 16H), 3.99-4.08 (q, 32H),
.sup.13C NMR (Acetone-D, 120 MHz): 15.97 (8C), 28.81 (8C).
Example 15
[0152] Vinyltriethoxysilane (10 g, 52.5 mmol), THE (50 ml),
distilled water (1 g), and sodium hydroxide (0.79 g, 19.8 mmol) are
charged into a four-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser
and a thermometer at 70.degree. C. for 5 h with magnetically
stirring. The system is allowed to get cool to room temperature and
left for 15 h. The volatile components are removed by heating at
95.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure to obtain a white
precipitate, which is collected by a membrane filter having a pore
diameter of 0.5 .mu.m, washed with THF, and dried at 80.degree. C.
for 3 h in a vacuum oven to yield
hepta(vinyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane trisodium silanolate.
[0153] Hepta(vinyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane trisodium silanolate (2.2
g, 3.40 mmol), triethylamine (0.35 g, 3.45 mmol) and dry THE (50
ml) are charged into a round-bottomed flask, to which
1,2-bis(trichlorosilyl)ethane (0.50 g, 1.1 mmol) is quickly added
at room temperature. The mixture is magnetically stirred for 4 h at
room temperature. The resultant precipitate is removed by
filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated by a rotary evaporator
to obtain a crude product. The resultant solid is dispersed in
methanol, collected with a membrane filter, and dried at 75.degree.
C. for 5 h to yield 1,2-bis(heptavinyladhesion promoters)ethane as
a white solid.
[0154] 1,2-bis(heptavinyladhesion promoters) (2 g, 1.61 mmol) and
triethoxysilane (3.7 g, 22.58 mol) in toluene (50 ml) are charged
into a round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture is stirred at
40.degree. C. for 30 minutes under Ar(g) purging. Then, the
catalytic amount of Pt (0) is added to the reaction mixture and
heated up to 80.degree. C. for 8 hours. The solution is filtered
through Celite to remove unreacted reactant. The organic filtrate
is dried in-vacuo to yield 1,2-bis(hepta(triethoxysilyl)adhesion
promoters)ethane as pale yellow oil.
##STR00030##
Example 16
[0155] Vinyltriethoxysilane (10 g, 52.5 mmol), THE (50 ml),
distilled water (1 g), and sodium hydroxide (0.79 g, 19.8 mmol) are
charged into a four-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser
and a thermometer at 70.degree. C. for 5 h with magnetically
stirring. The system is allowed to get cool to room temperature and
left for 15 h. The volatile components are removed by heating at
95.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure to obtain a white
precipitate, which is collected by a membrane filter having a pore
diameter of 0.5 .mu.m, washed with THF, and dried at 80.degree. C.
for 3 h in a vacuum oven to yield
hepta(vinyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane trisodium silanolate.
[0156] Hepta(vinyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane trisodium silanolate (2.2
g, 3.40 mmol), triethylamine (0.35 g, 3.45 mmol) and dry THE (50
ml) are charged into a round-bottomed flask, to which
1,1,2-tris(trichlorosilyl)ethane (0.47 g, 1.1 mmol) is quickly
added at room temperature. The mixture is magnetically stirred for
4 h at room temperature. The resultant precipitate is removed by
filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated by a rotary evaporator
to obtain a crude product. The resultant solid is dispersed in
methanol, collected with a membrane filter, and dried at 75.degree.
C. for 5 h to yield 1,1,2-tris(heptavinyladhesion promoters)ethane
as a white solid.
[0157] 1,1,2-tris(heptavinyladhesion promoters) (1 g, 1.54 mmol)
and triethoxysilane (5.33 g, 32.46 mol) in toluene (50 ml) are
charged into a round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture is
stirred at 40.degree. C. for 30 minutes under Ar(g) purging. Then,
the catalytic amount of Pt (0) is added to the reaction mixture and
heated up to 80.degree. C. for 8 hours. The solution is filtered
through Celite to remove unreacted reactant. The organic filtrate
is dried in-vacuo to yield 1,1,2-tris(hepta(triethoxysilyl)adhesion
promoters)ethane as pale yellow oil.
##STR00031##
Example 17
[0158] 2-(divinylmethylsilyl)ethyltriethoxysilane (10 g, 34.65
mmol), THF (50 ml), distilled water (1 g), and sodium hydroxide
(0.79 g, 19.8 mmol) are charged into a four-necked flask equipped
with a reflux condenser and a thermometer at 70.degree. C. for 5 h
with magnetically stirring. The system is allowed to get cool to
room temperature and left for 15 h. The volatile components are
removed by heating at 95.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure to
obtain a white precipitate, which is collected by a membrane filter
having a pore diameter of 0.5 .mu.m, washed with THF, and dried at
80.degree. C. for 3 h in a vacuum oven to yield
hepta(2-(divinylmethylsilyl)ethyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane trisodium
silanolate.
[0159] Hepta(2-(divinylmethylsilyl)ethyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane
trisodium silanolate (5 g, 3.74 mmol), triethylamine (0.38 g, 3.75
mmol) and dry THF (60 ml) are charged into a round-bottomed flask,
to which 1,1,2-tris(trichlorosilyl)ethane (0.51 g, 1.18 mmol) is
quickly added at room temperature. The mixture is magnetically
stirred for 4 h at room temperature. The resultant precipitate is
removed by filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated by a rotary
evaporator to obtain a crude product. The resultant solid is
dispersed in methanol, collected with a membrane filter, and dried
at 75.degree. C. for 5 h to yield
1,1,2-tris(hepta((divinylmethylsilyl)ethyl)adhesion
promoters)ethane as a white solid.
[0160] 1,1,2-tris(hepta((divinylmethylsilyl)ethyl)adhesion
promoters)ethane (1 g, 0.75 mmol) and triethoxysilane (5.17 g, 31.5
mol) in toluene (50 ml) are charged into a round-bottomed flask.
The reaction mixture is stirred at 40.degree. C. for 30 minutes
under Ar(g) purging. Then, the catalytic amount of Pt (0) is added
to the reaction mixture and heated up to 80.degree. C. for 8 hours.
The solution is filtered through Celite to remove unreacted
reactant. The organic filtrate is dried in-vacuo to yield
1,1,2-tris(hepta((di(triethoxysilyl)methylsilyl)ethyl)adhesion
promoters)ethane as pale yellow oil.
##STR00032##
Example 18
[0161] 3-Isocyanatoppropyltriethoxysilane (10 g, 40.42 mmol), THE
(50 ml), distilled water (1 g), and sodium hydroxide (0.8 g, 20
mmol) are charged into a four-necked flask equipped with a reflux
condenser and a thermometer at 70.degree. C. for 5 h with
magnetically stirring. The system is allowed to get cool to room
temperature and left for 15 h. The volatile components are removed
by heating at 95.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure to obtain a
white precipitate, which is collected by a membrane filter having a
pore diameter of 0.5 .mu.m, washed with THF, and dried at
80.degree. C. for 3 h in a vacuum oven to yield
hepta(3-isocayanatopropyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane trisodium
silanolate.
[0162] Hepta(3-isocyanatopropyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane trisodium
silanolate (3 g, 2.87 mmol), triethylamine (0.29 g, 2.87 mmol) and
dry THE (50 ml) are charged into a round-bottomed flask, to which
1,2-bis(trichlorosilyl)ethane (0.42 g, 1.43 mmol) is quickly added
at room temperature. The mixture is magnetically stirred for 4 h at
room temperature. The resultant precipitate is removed by
filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated by a rotary evaporator
to obtain a crude product. The resultant solid is dispersed in
methanol, collected with a membrane filter, and dried at 75.degree.
C. for 5 h to yield 1,2-bis(hepta(isocyanatopropyl)adhesion
promoters).
##STR00033##
Example 19
[0163] 3-Isocyanatoppropyltriethoxysilane (10 g, 40.42 mmol), THE
(50 ml), distilled water (1 g), and sodium hydroxide (0.8 g, 20
mmol) are charged into a four-necked flask equipped with a reflux
condenser and a thermometer at 70.degree. C. for 5 h with
magnetically stirring. The system is allowed to get cool to room
temperature and left for 15 h. The volatile components are removed
by heating at 95.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure to obtain a
white precipitate, which is collected by a membrane filter having a
pore diameter of 0.5 .mu.m, washed with THF, and dried at
80.degree. C. for 3 h in a vacuum oven to yield
hepta(3-isocayanatopropyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane trisodium
silanolate.
[0164] Hepta(2-(divinylmethylsilyl)ethyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane
trisodium silanolate (3 g, 2.87 mmol), triethylamine (0.29 g, 2.87
mmol) and dry THF (50 ml) are charged into a round-bottomed flask,
to which 1,1,2-tris(trichlorosilyl)ethane (0.41 g, 0.95 mmol) is
quickly added at room temperature. The mixture is magnetically
stirred for 4 h at room temperature. The resultant precipitate is
removed by filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated by a rotary
evaporator to obtain a crude product. The resultant solid is
dispersed in methanol, collected with a membrane filter, and dried
at 75.degree. C. for 5 h to yield
1,1,2-tris(hepta(isocyanatopropyl)adhesion promoters)ethane as a
white solid.
##STR00034##
Example 20
[0165] 3-Propylaminotriethoxysilane (10 g, 45.17 mmol), THE (50
ml), distilled water (1 g), and sodium hydroxide (0.8 g, 20 mmol)
are charged into a four-necked flask equipped with a reflux
condenser and a thermometer at 70.degree. C. for 5 h with
magnetically stirring. The system is allowed to get cool to room
temperature and left for 15 h. The volatile components are removed
by heating at 95.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure to obtain a
white precipitate, which is collected by a membrane filter having a
pore diameter of 0.5 .mu.m, washed with THF, and dried at
80.degree. C. for 3 h in a vacuum oven to yield
hepta(3-aminopropyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane trisodium
silanolate.
[0166] Hepta(3-aminopropyl)-tricycloheptasiloxane trisodium
silanolate (3 g, 3.47 mmol), triethylamine (0.35 g, 3.47 mmol) and
dry THE (50 ml) are charged into a round-bottomed flask, to which
1,1,2-tris(trichlorosilyl)ethane (0.47 g, 1.1 mmol) is quickly
added at room temperature. The mixture is magnetically stirred for
4 h at room temperature. The resultant precipitate is removed by
filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated by a rotary evaporator
to obtain a crude product. The resultant solid is dispersed in
methanol, collected with a membrane filter, and dried at 75.degree.
C. for 5 h to yield 1,1,2-tris(hepta(aminopropyl)adhesion
promoters)ethane as a pale yellow solid.
##STR00035##
Comparative Topcoat Compositions
[0167] Comparative topcoat compositions that include a 5:1 blend of
fluorosilane and a fluorine-containing polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxane (F-POSS) were included for evaluation with respect
to Treated Samples 2 and 3, respectively, as described below. The
product EnduroShield Home, commercially available from PCT Global
LLC of Santa Barbara, Calif. and sold at home improvement stores
throughout the United States (such as Lowe's) was purchased at a
local retailer and applied to the substrates as a topcoat in
accordance with the instructions provided on its packaging and was
included in Treated Sample 6 below.
Process of Making the Treated Substrates
[0168] The process for forming the treated substrates evaluated in
the subject invention were as follows.
[0169] First, a glass substrate was obtained and cleaned with a 2%
CeO.sub.2 solution. The glass substrate was then rinsed with
deionized water, and dried using compressed air.
[0170] Next, a first layer of an adhesion promoter composition
(when utilized) was wiped onto the cleaned glass substrate using a
soaked sponge. After thirty seconds, a second layer of the adhesion
promoter composition was wiped onto the first layer using a soaked
sponge. The resultant total thickness was between 20 and 50
nanometers.
[0171] Next, a topcoat composition was applied onto the layers of
adhesion promoter composition, or directly onto the cleaned glass
substrate in samples not including the adhesion promoter
composition, using a soaked sponge. The topcoat composition was
then cured for 45 minutes at a temperature of between about 60 and
80 degrees Fahrenheit (about 15 to 27 degrees Celsius) at 70%
relative humidity for about 45 minutes.
[0172] Finally, the formed treated substrates were cleaned using a
solvent such as isopropyl alcohol or acetone.
Process of Evaluating the Treated Substrates
[0173] The treated substrates, formed in accordance with the
procedures described above, were first evaluated for initial water
contact angle using ASTM standard D7334-08 (2013). Next the treated
substrates were subjected to the following further environmental
testing conditions (see Table 3 below), and then the conditioned
substrates were reevaluated for water contact angle in the manner
described above for the initial water contact angle.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Tests, Testing Standards, Testing Conditions
Testing Test Standard Conditions Mechanical -- Traverse the surface
of the treated durability substrate with a cloth at a force of
(Flannel 9.81N/4 cm.sup.2 (Cloth Abrasion) 1500 1500 or times
(cycles) (Flannel 1500) or 3000 Flannel 3000) times (cycles)
(Flannel 3000) Weatherability JIS 1960 Xenon Weatherometer: Boiling
point 63 degrees Celsius for 2500 hours Hot water -- 50.degree. C.
1000 hr immersion Chemical -- Alkali base soak (immerse) the
treated strength substrate in a 0.1N (pH = 11 or 13) solution of
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 24 hours High -- 80 degrees Celsius/95%
Relative Temperature Humidity for 1000 Humidity Test 1000 or 2000
hours (HTHH Salt Spray ASTM B117 500 or 2000 hours
[0174] The testing results for the treated substrates, formed and
evaluated according to the procedures above, are summarized in
Tables 4 and 5 below:
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Treated Samples Treated Sample Adhesion
Promoter Topcoat 1 Silane-based Adhesion WRC Promoter Composition 2
Adhesion Promoter Fluorosilane and F-POSS Composition 1 (5:1)
topcoat composition 3 Adhesion Promoter Fluorosilane and F-POSS
Composition 2 (5:1) topcoat composition 4 Adhesion Promoter WRC
Composition 1 5 Adhesion Promoter WRC Composition 2 6 None
EnduroShield
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Test Results Water Contact Treated Treated
Treated Treated Treated Treated Angle Test Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample
3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 Initial 107 107 110 106 102 103 UV-500
hrs. 108 113 112 112 112 103 UV-2000 hrs. 108 104 99 103 98 99
Flannel-1500 cycles 99 82 30 97 96 100 Flannel-3000 cycles 92 72 25
82 91 100 Base Soak-pH 11 108 107 107 100 106 103 Base Soak-pH 13
100 NA NA 102 95 NA Water Soak-500 hrs. 90 109 108 93 104 67 Water
Soak-1000 hrs. 78 NA NA 92 98 65 HTHH-500 hrs. 109 110 112 107 111
97 HTHH-2000 hrs. 98 88 106 89 107 75 Salt Spray-500 hrs. 72 97 64
105 109 60 Salt Spray-1000 hrs. 40 90 24 62 107 10
[0175] As confirmed in Table 5, treated substrates formed that
includes layers of Adhesion promoter composition (1 or 2) and
topcoat composition in accordance with the embodiments of the
subject invention (WRC) provided initial water contact angles
indicative of the treated substrate having the desired hydrophobic
properties, and most closely retained their initial water contact
angle measurements over the variety of testing conditions than the
other combinations of adhesion promoter compositions and/or topcoat
compositions which confirms the durability of the applied layers to
maintain such hydrophobic properties.
[0176] The invention has been described in an illustrative manner,
and it is to be understood that the terminology which has been used
is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than
of limitation. As is now apparent to those skilled in the art, many
modifications and variations of the subject invention are possible
in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood
that within the scope of the appended claims, wherein reference
numerals are merely for convenience and are not to be in any way
limiting, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described.
* * * * *