U.S. patent application number 16/954651 was filed with the patent office on 2020-10-29 for refrigerating oil for refrigerant or refrigerant composition, method for using refrigerating oil, and use of refrigerating oil.
This patent application is currently assigned to DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. Invention is credited to Takeo ABE, Mitsushi ITANO, Daisuke KARUBE, Yuzo KOMATSU, Shun OHKUBO, Kazuhiro TAKAHASHI, Tatsuya TAKAKUWA, Yumi TODA, Tetsushi TSUDA, Yuuki YOTSUMOTO.
Application Number | 20200339856 16/954651 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004974343 |
Filed Date | 2020-10-29 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200339856 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ITANO; Mitsushi ; et
al. |
October 29, 2020 |
REFRIGERATING OIL FOR REFRIGERANT OR REFRIGERANT COMPOSITION,
METHOD FOR USING REFRIGERATING OIL, AND USE OF REFRIGERATING
OIL
Abstract
There are provided a refrigerating oil for refrigerant
compositions in which good lubricity can be achieved when a
refrigeration cycle is performed using a refrigerant having a
sufficiently low GWP, a method for using the refrigerating oil, and
use of the refrigerating oil. The refrigerating oil for a
refrigerant composition contains a refrigerant containing
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
Inventors: |
ITANO; Mitsushi; (Osaka,
JP) ; KARUBE; Daisuke; (Osaka, JP) ;
YOTSUMOTO; Yuuki; (Osaka, JP) ; TAKAHASHI;
Kazuhiro; (Osaka, JP) ; KOMATSU; Yuzo; (Osaka,
JP) ; OHKUBO; Shun; (Osaka, JP) ; TAKAKUWA;
Tatsuya; (Osaka, JP) ; TSUDA; Tetsushi;
(Osaka, JP) ; ABE; Takeo; (Osaka, JP) ;
TODA; Yumi; (Osaka, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. |
Osaka |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Osaka
JP
|
Family ID: |
1000004974343 |
Appl. No.: |
16/954651 |
Filed: |
November 13, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
November 13, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2018/042032 |
371 Date: |
June 17, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09K 2205/126 20130101;
C09K 5/045 20130101; C09K 2205/22 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C09K 5/04 20060101
C09K005/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242183 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242185 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242186 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242187 |
Oct 5, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/037483 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038746 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038747 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038748 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038749 |
Claims
1. A refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition comprising a
refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant is any one of refrigerants
below: a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf); a refrigerant comprising
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more relative to a
whole amount of the refrigerant and comprising HFO-1132(E) in an
amount of 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % relative to a whole amount of
the refrigerant; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123
in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more relative to a whole amount
of the refrigerant and comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 45.1
mass % to 47.1 mass % relative to a whole amount of the
refrigerant; a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123),
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein when x, y, z, and a respectively represent contents (mass
%) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32
relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the
R1234yf, and the R32, coordinates (x, y, z) are defined as follows
in a ternary diagram in which a total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is (100-a) mass %: when
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, the coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a
region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG
that each connect two of six points below or on the straight lines
GI, AB, and D'C (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B,
point D', and point C): point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point
A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D' (0.0,
0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
when 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) are located
within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG
that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines
GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and
point W): point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0), point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), when 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, the
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five
points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on
point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W): point G
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273), point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
when 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, the coordinates (x, y, z) are located
within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG
that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines
GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and
point W): point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), and when 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, the
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five
points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on
point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W): point G
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0); a
refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when x, y, z, and a
respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32 relative to a total content of
the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are defined as follows in a ternary diagram
in which a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the
R1234yf is (100-a) mass %: when 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, the coordinates
(x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines
JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that each connect two of five points
below or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (except for on
point J, point B, point D', and point C): point J
(0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), when 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BW,
and WJ that each connect two of four points below or on the
straight lines JK' and K'B (except for on point J, point B, and
point W): point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187, -0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,
-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), when 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, the
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that each connect two of four
points below or on the straight lines JK' and K'B (except for on
point J, point B, and point W): point J
(0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184, -0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K' (0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515,
-0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702, -0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point
B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682),
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), when 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, the
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that each connect two of
five points below or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (except
for on point J, point B, and point W): point J
(0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493, -0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K' (-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0,
0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05), point A
(0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, -0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286,
-0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), and
when 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, the coordinates (x, y, z) are located
within a region surrounded by straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and
WJ that each connect two of five points below or on the straight
lines JK', K'A, and AB (except for on point J, point B, and point
W): point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0); a refrigerant comprising
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32),
and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when x, y, and
z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the
HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and
EI that each connect two of four points below or on the line
segments (except for a point on the line segment EI) in a ternary
diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and
the R1234yf is 100 mass %: point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J
(48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3,
0.0, 41.7), the line segment U is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0), the
line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7), and the
line segments JN and EI are straight lines; a refrigerant
comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z
respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the
HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV,
VG; and GM that each connect two of five points below or on the
line segments (except for a point on the line segment GM) in a
ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V
(11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), the line segment
MM' is represented by coordinates (0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y,
-0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4), the line segment M'N is represented by
coordinates (0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y,
-0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02), the line segment VG is represented
by coordinates (0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y,
-0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4), and the line segments NV and GM are
straight lines; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments ON, NU, and UO that each connect two of three points
below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100
mass %: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), the line segment ON is represented by
coordinates (0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488), the line segment NU is represented
by coordinates (0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y,
-0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365), and the line segment UO is a
straight line; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that each connect two of five
points below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which
the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is
100 mass %: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K
(35.6, 36.8, 27.6), the line segment QR is represented by
coordinates (0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y,
-0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235), the line segment RT is represented
by coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874), the line segment LK is represented
by coordinates (0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512), the line segment KQ is represented
by coordinates (0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y,
-0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324), and the line segment TL is a
straight line; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments PS, ST, and TP that each connect two of three points
below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100
mass %: point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), the line segment PS is represented by
coordinates (0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y,
-0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9), the line segment ST is represented by
coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874), and the line segment TP is a
straight line; a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32), wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to
a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG, and GI that each connect two of
six points below or on the line segments (except for points on the
line segments B'H and GI) in a ternary diagram in which the total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass
%: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), the line segment IK is
represented by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), the line segment HR is represented
by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments KB' and GI
are straight lines; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to
a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments U, JR, RG, and GI that each connect two of four
points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the
line segment GI) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of
the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %: point I
(72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), the line segment IJ is
represented by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines; a refrigerant
comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z
respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the
HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H,
HR, RG, and GM that each connect two of six points below or on the
line segments (except for points on the line segments B'H and GM)
in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H
(0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), the
line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z) the
line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines; a refrigerant
comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z
respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the
HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and
GM that each connect two of four points below or on the line
segments (except for a point on the line segment GM) in a ternary
diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G
(38.5, 61.5, 0.0), the line segment MN is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines; a refrigerant
comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z
respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the
HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP
that each connect two of three points below or on the line segments
in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %: point P (31.8, 49.8,
18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and the
line segment PS is a straight line; and a refrigerant comprising
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein when x, y, and z
respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content of the
HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by line segments QB', B'D, DU,
and UQ that each connect two of four points below or on the line
segments (except for a point on the line segment B'D) in a ternary
diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %: point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U
(28.7, 41.2, 30.1), the line segment DU is represented by
coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z), the line segment UQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133,
-0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z), and the line segments QB' and
B'D are straight lines.
2. The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to
claim 1, wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at
40.degree. C. of 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 750 mm.sup.2/s or
less.
3. The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to
claim 1, wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at
100.degree. C. of 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 100 mm.sup.2/s or
less.
4. The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to
claim 1, wherein the refrigerating oil has a volume resistivity at
25.degree. C. of 1.0.times.10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm or more.
5. The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to
claim 1, wherein the refrigerating oil has an acid number of 0.1
mgKOH/g or less.
6. The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to
claim 1, wherein the refrigerating oil has an ash content of 100
ppm or less.
7. The refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according to
claim 1, wherein the refrigerating oil has an aniline point of
-100.degree. C. or higher and 0.degree. C. or lower.
8. A method for using a refrigerating oil together with a
refrigerant composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein the
refrigerant is any one of refrigerants below: a refrigerant
comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf); a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant
and comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass
% relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant; a refrigerant
comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass
% or more relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant and
comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass %
relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant; a refrigerant
comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when x, y, z, and a
respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32 relative to a total content of
the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are defined as follows in a ternary diagram
in which a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the
R1234yf is (100-a) mass %: when 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, the coordinates
(x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines
GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that each connect two of six points
below or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (except for on point
G, point I, point A, point B, point D', and point C): point G
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point
I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0,
-0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), when 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB,
BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the
straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A,
point B, and point W): point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0), point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), when 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, the
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five
points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on
point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W): point G
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273), point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
when 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, the coordinates (x, y, z) are located
within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG
that each connect two of five points below or on the straight lines
GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A, point B, and
point W): point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), and when 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, the
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that each connect two of five
points below or on the straight lines GI and AB (except for on
point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W): point G
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0); a
refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when x, y, z, and a
respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32 relative to a total content of
the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are defined as follows in a ternary diagram
in which a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the
R1234yf is (100-a) mass %: when 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, the coordinates
(x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by straight lines
JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that each connect two of five points
below or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (except for on
point J, point B, point D', and point C): point J
(0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), when 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BW,
and WJ that each connect two of four points below or on the
straight lines JK' and KB (except for on point J, point B, and
point W): point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187, -0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,
-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), when 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, the
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that each connect two of four
points below or on the straight lines JK' and K'B (except for on
point J, point B, and point W): point J
(0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184, -0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K' (0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515,
-0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702, -0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point
B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682),
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), when 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, the
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that each connect two of
five points below or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (except
for on point J, point B, and point W): point J
(0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493, -0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K' (-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0,
0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05), point A
(0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, -0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286,
-0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), and
when 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, the coordinates (x, y, z) are located
within a region surrounded by straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and
WJ that each connect two of five points below or on the straight
lines JK', K'A, and AB (except for on point J, point B, and point
W): point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0); a refrigerant comprising
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32),
and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when x, y, and
z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the
HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and
EI that each connect two of four points below or on the line
segments (except for a point on the line segment EI) in a ternary
diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and
the R1234yf is 100 mass %: point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J
(48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3,
0.0, 41.7), the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0), the
line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7), and the
line segments JN and EI are straight lines; a refrigerant
comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z
respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the
HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV,
VG; and GM that each connect two of five points below or on the
line segments (except for a point on the line segment GM) in a
ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V
(11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), the line segment
MM' is represented by coordinates (0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y,
-0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4), the line segment M'N is represented by
coordinates (0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y,
-0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02), the line segment VG is represented
by coordinates (0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y,
-0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4), and the line segments NV and GM are
straight lines; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments ON, NU, and UO that each connect two of three points
below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100
mass %: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), the line segment ON is represented by
coordinates (0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488), the line segment NU is represented
by coordinates (0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y,
-0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365), and the line segment UO is a
straight line; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that each connect two of five
points below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which
the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is
100 mass %: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K
(35.6, 36.8, 27.6), the line segment QR is represented by
coordinates (0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y,
-0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235), the line segment RT is represented
by coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874), the line segment LK is represented
by coordinates (0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512), the line segment KQ is represented
by coordinates (0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y,
-0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324), and the line segment TL is a
straight line; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments PS, ST, and TP that each connect two of three points
below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100
mass %: point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), the line segment PS is represented by
coordinates (0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y,
-0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9), the line segment ST is represented by
coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874), and the line segment TP is a
straight line; a refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32), wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to
a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG, and GI that each connect two of
six points below or on the line segments (except for points on the
line segments B'H and GI) in a ternary diagram in which the total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass
%: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), the line segment IK is
represented by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), the line segment HR is represented
by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments KB' and GI
are straight lines; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to
a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments U, JR, RG, and GI that each connect two of four
points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the
line segment GI) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of
the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %: point I
(72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), the line segment IJ is
represented by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments JR and GI are
straight lines; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass
%) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and GM that each connect two of
six points below or on the line segments (except for points on the
line segments B'H and GM) in a ternary diagram in which the total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass
%: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), the line segment MP is
represented by coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1,
-0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), the line segment HR is represented
by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z) the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments PB' and GM
are straight lines; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to
a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that each connect two of four
points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the
line segment GM) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of
the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %: point M
(47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), the line segment MN is
represented by coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1,
-0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments JR and GI are
straight lines; a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass
%) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments PS, ST, and TP that each connect two of three points
below or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the
total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100
mass %: point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), the line segment ST is represented by
coordinates (-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931,
0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z), the line segment TP is
represented by coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1,
-0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PS is a
straight line; and a refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32, wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to
a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments QB', B'D, DU, and UQ that each connect two of four
points below or on the line segments (except for a point on the
line segment B'D) in a ternary diagram in which the total content
of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %: point
Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0,
67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), the line segment DU is
represented by coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z), the line segment UQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133,
-0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z), and the line segments QB' and
B'D are straight lines.
9. The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at
40.degree. C. of 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 750 mm.sup.2/s or
less.
10. The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at
100.degree. C. of 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 100 mm.sup.2/s or
less.
11. The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has a volume resistivity at
25.degree. C. of 1.0.times.10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm or more.
12. The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an acid number of 0.1 mgKOH/g or
less.
13. The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an ash content of 100 ppm or
less.
14. The method for using a refrigerating oil according to claim 8,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an aniline point of -100.degree.
C. or higher and 0.degree. C. or lower.
15-21. (canceled)
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a refrigerating oil for
refrigerants or refrigerant compositions, a method for using the
refrigerating oil, and use of the refrigerating oil.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] In the related art, R410A has been frequently used as a
refrigerant in refrigeration cycle apparatuses such as air
conditioners. R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant of
difluoromethane (CH.sub.2F.sub.2; HFC-32 or R32) and
pentafluoroethane (C.sub.2HF.sub.5; HFC-125 or R125), which is a
pseudo-azeotropic composition.
[0003] However, R410A has a global warming potential (GWP) of 2088.
From the viewpoint of increasing concern for global warming, R32
having a lower GWP of 675 has been more frequently used in recent
years.
[0004] Therefore, for example, PTL 1 (International Publication No.
2015/141678) proposes various low-GWP mixture refrigerants as
alternatives to R410A.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0005] However, it has not been studied that good lubricity in a
refrigeration cycle apparatus is achieved when a refrigeration
cycle is performed using a refrigerant having a sufficiently low
GWP.
[0006] In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present
disclosure to provide a refrigerating oil for refrigerants or
refrigerant compositions in which good lubricity can be achieved
when a refrigeration cycle is performed using a refrigerant having
a sufficiently low GWP, a method for using the refrigerating oil,
and use of the refrigerating oil.
Solution to Problem
[0007] A refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according
to a first aspect is a refrigerating oil for a refrigerant
composition containing a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant
includes any one of refrigerants A to E6 below:
[0008] a refrigerant A containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf);
[0009] a refrigerant B1 containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant
and containing HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass
% relative to a whole amount of the refrigerant;
[0010] a refrigerant B2 containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a
total amount of 99.5 mass % or more relative to a whole amount of
the refrigerant and containing HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 45.1
mass % to 47.1 mass % relative to a whole amount of the
refrigerant;
[0011] a refrigerant C1 containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethyl ene (HFO-1123),
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein when x, y, z, and a respectively represent contents (mass
%) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32
relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the
R1234yf, and the R32, coordinates (x, y, z) are defined as follows
in a ternary diagram in which a total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is (100-a) mass %:
[0012] when 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB,
BD', D'C, and CG that each connect two of six points below or on
the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (except for on point G, point I,
point A, point B, point D', and point C):
[0013] point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
[0014] point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0),
[0015] point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0,
-0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4),
[0016] point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3),
[0017] point D' (0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4,
-0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
[0018] point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9,
0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
[0019] when 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB,
BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the
straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A,
point B, and point W):
[0020] point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
[0021] point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895),
[0022] point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
[0023] point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
[0024] point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
[0025] when 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB,
BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the
straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A,
point B, and point W):
[0026] point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
[0027] point I (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
[0028] point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695),
[0029] point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
[0030] point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
[0031] when 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB,
BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the
straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A,
point B, and point W):
[0032] point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
[0033] point I (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
[0034] point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207),
[0035] point B (0.0, 0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286,
-0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and
[0036] point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), and
[0037] when 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB,
BW, and WG that each connect two of five points below or on the
straight lines GI and AB (except for on point G, point I, point A,
point B, and point W):
[0038] point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
[0039] point I (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
[0040] point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
[0041] point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
[0042] point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0);
[0043] a refrigerant C2 containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123),
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein when x, y, z, and a respectively represent contents (mass
%) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the R1234yf, and the R32
relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, the
R1234yf, and the R32, coordinates (x, y, z) are defined as follows
in a ternary diagram in which a total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is (100-a) mass %:
[0044] when 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD',
D'C, and CJ that each connect two of five points below or on the
straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (except for on point J, point B,
point D', and point C):
[0045] point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
[0046] point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7,
-0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9, -0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a
[0047] +32.4),
[0048] point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3),
[0049] point D' (0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4,
-0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
[0050] point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9,
0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
[0051] when 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BW,
and WJ that each connect two of four points below or on the
straight lines JK' and K'B (except for on point J, point B, and
point W):
[0052] point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
[0053] point K' (0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636, -0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177),
[0054] point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a,
0.0),
[0055] when 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BW,
and WJ that each connect two of four points below or on the
straight lines JK' and K'B (except for on point J, point B, and
point W):
[0056] point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
[0057] point K' (0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515,
-0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702, -0.0117a.sup.2+
[0058] 0.8999a+32.783),
[0059] point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
[0060] point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
[0061] when 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK', K'A, AB,
BW, and WJ that each connect two of five points below or on the
straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (except for on point J, point B,
and point W):
[0062] point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
[0063] point K' (-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0,
0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
[0064] point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207),
[0065] point B (0.0, 0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286,
-0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and
[0066] point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), and
[0067] when 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, the coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by straight lines JK', K'A, AB,
BW, and WJ that each connect two of five points below or on the
straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (except for on point J, point B,
and point W):
[0068] point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
[0069] point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
[0070] point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
[0071] point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
[0072] point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0);
[0073] a refrigerant D1 containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when x, y, and z
respectively represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the
R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total content of the
HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are
located within a region surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and
EI that each connect two of four points below or on the line
segments (except for a point on the line segment EI) in a ternary
diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and
the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0074] point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
[0075] point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
[0076] point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
[0077] point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
[0078] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0),
[0079] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7), and
[0080] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines;
[0081] a refrigerant D2 containing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %)
of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates
(x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments
MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that each connect two of five points below
or on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment GM)
in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0082] point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
[0083] point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
[0084] point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
[0085] point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
[0086] point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
[0087] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4),
[0088] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02),
[0089] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4),
and
[0090] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines;
[0091] a refrigerant D3 containing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %)
of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates
(x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments
ON, NU, and UO that each connect two of three points below or on
the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content
of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0092] point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
[0093] point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
[0094] point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
[0095] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488),
[0096] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365),
and
[0097] the line segment UO is a straight line;
[0098] a refrigerant D4 containing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %)
of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates
(x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments
QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that each connect two of five points below
or on the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass
%:
[0099] point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
[0100] point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
[0101] point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
[0102] point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
[0103] point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
[0104] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235),
[0105] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
[0106] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512),
[0107] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324),
and
[0108] the line segment TL is a straight line;
[0109] a refrigerant D5 containing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %)
of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf relative to a total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf, coordinates
(x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments
PS, ST, and TP that each connect two of three points below or on
the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content
of the HFO-1132(E), the R32, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0110] point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
[0111] point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
[0112] point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
[0113] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9),
[0114] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
and
[0115] the line segment TP is a straight line;
[0116] a refrigerant E1 containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32), wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents
(mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to
a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32,
coordinates (x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by
line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG, and GI that each connect two of
six points below or on the line segments (except for points on the
line segments B'H and GI) in a ternary diagram in which the total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass
%:
[0117] point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
[0118] point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
[0119] point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
[0120] point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
[0121] point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
[0122] point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
[0123] the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0124] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0125] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0126] the line segments KB' and GI are straight lines; [0127] a
refrigerant E2 containing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein
when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the
HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content
of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x, y,
z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments IJ, JR,
RG, and GI that each connect two of four points below or on the
line segments (except for a point on the line segment GI) in a
ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
[0128] point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
[0129] point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
[0130] point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
[0131] point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
[0132] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0133] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0134] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines;
[0135] a refrigerant E3 containing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %)
of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates
(x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments
MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and GM that each connect two of six points
below or on the line segments (except for points on the line
segments B'H and GM) in a ternary diagram in which the total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass
%:
[0136] point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
[0137] point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
[0138] point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
[0139] point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
[0140] point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
[0141] point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
[0142] the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0143] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0144] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0145] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines; [0146] a
refrigerant E4 containing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein
when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %) of the
HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total content
of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates (x, y,
z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments MN, NR,
RG, and GM that each connect two of four points below or on the
line segments (except for a point on the line segment GM) in a
ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
[0147] point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
[0148] point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
[0149] point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
[0150] point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
[0151] the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0152] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0153] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines;
[0154] a refrigerant E5 containing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %)
of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates
(x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments
PS, ST, and TP that each connect two of three points below or on
the line segments in a ternary diagram in which the total content
of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
[0155] point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
[0156] point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
[0157] point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
[0158] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z),
[0159] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0160] the line segment PS is a straight line; and
[0161] a refrigerant E6 containing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein when x, y, and z respectively represent contents (mass %)
of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32 relative to a total
content of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R32, coordinates
(x, y, z) are located within a region surrounded by line segments
QB', B'D, DU, and UQ that each connect two of four points below or
on the line segments (except for a point on the line segment B'D)
in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the HFO-1123, and the R32 is 100 mass %:
[0162] point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
[0163] point B' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
[0164] point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
[0165] point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
[0166] the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z),
[0167] the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and
[0168] the line segments QB' and B'D are straight lines.
[0169] In the case where the refrigerant is the refrigerant A, the
refrigerant is preferably any one of refrigerants A1 to A7
below:
[0170] a refrigerant A1 in which when x, y, and z respectively
represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and
the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are located within
a region surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO,
and OA that each connect two of seven points below or on the line
segments (except for points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA) in
a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0171] point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
[0172] point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
[0173] point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
[0174] point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
[0175] point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
[0176] point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
[0177] point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
[0178] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0179] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0180] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0181] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0182] the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines;
[0183] a refrigerant A2 in which when x, y, and z respectively
represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and
the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are located within
a region surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC',
C'C, and CG that each connect two of eight points below or on the
line segments (except for points on the line segments IA, BD, and
CG) in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the
HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0184] point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
[0185] point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
[0186] point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
[0187] point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
[0188] point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
[0189] point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
[0190] point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
[0191] point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
[0192] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0193] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0194] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0195] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0196] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines;
[0197] a refrigerant A3 in which when x, y, and z respectively
represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and
the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are located within
a region surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC',
C'C, and CJ that each connect two of nine points below or on the
line segments (except for points on the line segments BD and CJ) in
a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0198] point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
[0199] point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
[0200] point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
[0201] point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
[0202] point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
[0203] point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
[0204] point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
[0205] point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
[0206] point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
[0207] the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0208] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91),
[0209] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0210] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0211] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0212] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0213] the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines;
[0214] a refrigerant A4 in which when x, y, and z respectively
represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and
the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are located within
a region surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC',
C'C, and CJ that each connect two of nine points below or on the
line segments (except for points on the line segments BD and CJ) in
a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0215] point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
[0216] point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
[0217] point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
[0218] point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
[0219] point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
[0220] point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
[0221] point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
[0222] point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
[0223] point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
[0224] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0225] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0226] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0227] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0228] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0229] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines;
[0230] a refrigerant A5 in which when x, y, and z respectively
represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and
the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are located within
a region surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and
TP that each connect two of seven points below or on the line
segments (except for a point on the line segment BF) in a ternary
diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0231] point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
[0232] point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
[0233] point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
[0234] point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
[0235] point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
[0236] point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
[0237] point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
[0238] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0239] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0240] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0241] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0242] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0243] the line segments LM and BF are straight lines;
[0244] a refrigerant A6 in which when x, y, and z respectively
represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and
the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are located within
a region surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that each
connect two of four points below or on the line segments in a
ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0245] point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
[0246] point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
[0247] point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
[0248] point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
[0249] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0250] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0251] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines; and
[0252] a refrigerant A7 in which when x, y, and z respectively
represent contents (mass %) of the HFO-1132(E), the HFO-1123, and
the R1234yf relative to a total content of the HFO-1132(E), the
HFO-1123, and the R1234yf, coordinates (x, y, z) are located within
a region surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS
that each connect two of six points below or on the line segments
in a ternary diagram in which the total content of the HFO-1132(E),
the HFO-1123, and the R1234yf is 100 mass %:
[0253] point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
[0254] point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
[0255] point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
[0256] point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
[0257] point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
[0258] point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
[0259] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0260] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0261] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0262] the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112),
and
[0263] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
[0264] In this refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition,
good lubricity can be achieved when a refrigeration cycle is
performed using a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP or a
refrigerant composition containing the refrigerant.
[0265] In the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition in
which the refrigerant is the refrigerant A, good lubricity can also
be achieved when a refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may
also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is
used.
[0266] In the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition in
which the refrigerant is the refrigerant B1 or the refrigerant B2,
good lubricity can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a
coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity (may
also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to
those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in
the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0267] In the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition in
which the refrigerant is the refrigerant C1 or the refrigerant C2,
good lubricity can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a
refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling
capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equal to those of R410A is used.
[0268] In the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition in
which the refrigerant is any one of the refrigerants D1 to D5, good
lubricity can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a
refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling
capacity or a capacity) equal to that of R410A and classified with
lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE) is used.
[0269] In the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition in
which the refrigerant is any one of the refrigerants E1 to E6, good
lubricity can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is
used.
[0270] A refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according
to a second aspect is the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant
composition according to the first aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 1
mm.sup.2/s or more and 750 mm.sup.2/s or less.
[0271] A refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according
to a third aspect is the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant
composition according to the first aspect or the second aspect,
wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at
100.degree. C. of 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 100 mm.sup.2/s or
less.
[0272] A refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according
to a fourth aspect is the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant
composition according to any one of the first aspect to the third
aspect, wherein the refrigerating oil has a volume resistivity at
25.degree. C. of 1.0.times.10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm or more.
[0273] A refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according
to a fifth aspect is the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant
composition according to any one of the first aspect to the fourth
aspect, wherein the refrigerating oil has an acid number of 0.1
mgKOH/g or less.
[0274] A refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according
to a sixth aspect is the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant
composition according to any one of the first aspect to the fifth
aspect, wherein the refrigerating oil has an ash content of 100 ppm
or less.
[0275] A refrigerating oil for a refrigerant composition according
to a seventh aspect is the refrigerating oil for a refrigerant
composition according to any one of the first aspect to the sixth
aspect, wherein the refrigerating oil has an aniline point of
-100.degree. C. or higher and 0.degree. C. or lower.
[0276] A method for using a refrigerating oil according to an
eighth aspect is a method for using a refrigerating oil together
with a refrigerant composition containing a refrigerant, wherein
the refrigerant includes any one of the refrigerants A to E6.
[0277] In this method for using a refrigerating oil, good lubricity
can be achieved when a refrigeration cycle is performed using a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP or a refrigerant
composition containing the refrigerant.
[0278] In the method for using a refrigerating oil in which the
refrigerant is the refrigerant A, good lubricity can also be
achieved when a refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may
also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is
used.
[0279] In the method for using a refrigerating oil in which the
refrigerant is the refrigerant B1 or the refrigerant B2, good
lubricity can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a
coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity (may
also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to
those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in
the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0280] In the method for using a refrigerating oil in which the
refrigerant is the refrigerant C1 or the refrigerant C2, good
lubricity can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a
refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling
capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equal to those of R410A is used.
[0281] In the method for using a refrigerating oil in which the
refrigerant is any one of the refrigerants D1 to D5, good lubricity
can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a refrigeration
capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a
capacity) equal to that of R410A and classified with lower
flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is
used.
[0282] In the method for using a refrigerating oil in which the
refrigerant is any one of the refrigerants E1 to E6, good lubricity
can also be achieved when a refrigerant having a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
[0283] A method for using a refrigerating oil according to a ninth
aspect is the method for using a refrigerating oil according to the
eighth aspect, wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic
viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 750
mm.sup.2/s or less.
[0284] A method for using a refrigerating oil according to a tenth
aspect is the method for using a refrigerating oil according to the
eighth aspect or the ninth aspect, wherein the refrigerating oil
has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of 1 mm.sup.2/s or more
and 100 mm.sup.2/s or less. A method for using a refrigerating oil
according to an eleventh aspect is the method for using a
refrigerating oil according to any one of the eighth aspect to the
tenth aspect, wherein the refrigerating oil has a volume
resistivity at 25.degree. C. of 1.0.times.10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm or
more.
[0285] A method for using a refrigerating oil according to a
twelfth aspect is the method for using a refrigerating oil
according to any one of the eighth aspect to the eleventh aspect,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an acid number of 0.1 mgKOH/g or
less.
[0286] A method for using a refrigerating oil according to a
thirteenth aspect is the method for using a refrigerating oil
according to any one of the eighth aspect to the twelfth aspect,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an ash content of 100 ppm or
less.
[0287] The method for using a refrigerating oil according to a
fourteenth aspect is the method for using a refrigerating oil
according to any one of the eighth aspect to the thirteenth aspect,
wherein the refrigerating oil has an aniline point of -100.degree.
C. or higher and 0.degree. C. or lower.
[0288] Use of a refrigerating oil according to a fifteenth aspect
is use of a refrigerating oil used together with a refrigerant
composition containing a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant
includes any one of the refrigerants A to E6.
[0289] In the use of a refrigerating oil, good lubricity can be
achieved when a refrigeration cycle is performed using a
refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP or a refrigerant
composition containing the refrigerant.
[0290] In the use of a refrigerating oil in which the refrigerant
is the refrigerant A, good lubricity can also be achieved when a
refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred
to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
[0291] In the use of a refrigerating oil in which the refrigerant
is the refrigerant B1 or the refrigerant B2, good lubricity can
also be achieved when a refrigerant having a coefficient of
performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity (may also be
referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of
R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the
standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0292] In the use of a refrigerating oil in which the refrigerant
is the refrigerant C1 or the refrigerant C2, good lubricity can
also be achieved when a refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity
(may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is
used.
[0293] In the use of a refrigerating oil in which the refrigerant
is any one of the refrigerants D1 to D5, good lubricity can also be
achieved when a refrigerant having a refrigeration capacity (may
also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to
that of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in
the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0294] In the use of a refrigerating oil in which the refrigerant
is any one of the refrigerants E1 to E6, good lubricity can also be
achieved when a refrigerant having a coefficient of performance
(COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
[0295] Use of a refrigerating oil according to a sixteenth aspect
is the use of a refrigerating oil according to the fifteenth
aspect, wherein the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at
40.degree. C. of 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 750 mm.sup.2/s or
less.
[0296] Use of a refrigerating oil according to a seventeenth aspect
is the use of a refrigerating oil according to the fifteenth aspect
or the sixteenth aspect, wherein the refrigerating oil has a
kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and
100 mm.sup.2/s or less.
[0297] Use of a refrigerating oil according to an eighteenth aspect
is the use of a refrigerating oil according to any one of the
fifteenth aspect to the seventeenth aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil has a volume resistivity at 25.degree. C. of
1.0.times.10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm or more.
[0298] Use of a refrigerating oil according to a nineteenth aspect
is the use of a refrigerating oil according to any one of the
fifteenth aspect to the eighteenth aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil has an acid number of 0.1 mgKOH/g or less.
[0299] Use of a refrigerating oil according to a twentieth aspect
is the use of a refrigerating oil according to any one of the
fifteenth aspect to the nineteenth aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil has an ash content of 100 ppm or less.
[0300] Use of a refrigerating oil according to a twenty-first
aspect is the use of a refrigerating oil according to any one of
the fifteenth aspect to the twentieth aspect, wherein the
refrigerating oil has an aniline point of -100.degree. C. or higher
and 0.degree. C. or lower.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0301] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a refrigerant
circuit included in a refrigeration cycle apparatus.
[0302] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a
flammability test.
[0303] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments
that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0304] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %.
[0305] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1
mass %).
[0306] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, K',
and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in
a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1
mass %).
[0307] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5
mass %).
[0308] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2
mass %).
[0309] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9
mass %).
[0310] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7
mass %).
[0311] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3
mass %).
[0312] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7
mass %).
[0313] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1
mass %).
[0314] FIG. 14 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8
mass %).
[0315] FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W;
and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0316] FIG. 16 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments
that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Refrigeration Cycle Apparatus
[0317] A refrigeration cycle apparatus contains a refrigerant
composition described in Section (4) below and a refrigerating
oil.
(2) Refrigerating Oil
[0318] A refrigerating oil can improve the lubricity in the
refrigeration cycle apparatus and can also achieve efficient cycle
performance by performing a refrigeration cycle such as a
refrigeration cycle together with a refrigerant composition.
[0319] Examples of the refrigerating oil include oxygen-containing
synthetic oils (e.g., ester-type refrigerating oils and ether-type
refrigerating oils) and hydrocarbon refrigerating oils. In
particular, ester-type refrigerating oils and ether-type
refrigerating oils are preferred from the viewpoint of miscibility
with refrigerants or refrigerant compositions. The refrigerating
oils may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0320] The kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating oil at
40.degree. C. is preferably 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 750 mm.sup.2/s
or less and more preferably 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 400 mm.sup.2/s
or less from at least one of the viewpoints of suppressing the
deterioration of the lubricity and the hermeticity of compressors,
achieving sufficient miscibility with refrigerants under
low-temperature conditions, suppressing the lubrication failure of
compressors, and improving the heat exchange efficiency of
evaporators. Herein, the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating
oil at 100.degree. C. may be, for example, 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and
100 mm.sup.2/s or less and is more preferably 1 mm.sup.2/s or more
and 50 mm.sup.2/s or less.
[0321] The refrigerating oil preferably has an aniline point of
-100.degree. C. or higher and 0.degree. C. or lower. The term
"aniline point" herein refers to a numerical value indicating the
solubility of, for example, a hydrocarbon solvent, that is, refers
to a temperature at which when equal volumes of a sample (herein,
refrigerating oil) and aniline are mixed with each other and
cooled, turbidity appears because of their immiscibility (provided
in JIS K 2256). Note that this value is a value of the
refrigerating oil itself in a state in which the refrigerant is not
dissolved. By using a refrigerating oil having such an aniline
point, for example, even when bearings constituting resin
functional components and insulating materials for electric motors
are used at positions in contact with the refrigerating oil, the
suitability of the refrigerating oil for the resin functional
components can be improved. Specifically, if the aniline point is
excessively low, the refrigerating oil readily infiltrates the
bearings and the insulating materials, and thus the bearings and
the like tend to swell. On the other hand, if the aniline point is
excessively high, the refrigerating oil does not readily infiltrate
the bearings and the insulating materials, and thus the bearings
and the like tend to shrink. Accordingly, the deformation of the
bearings and the insulating materials due to swelling or shrinking
can be prevented by using the refrigerating oil having an aniline
point within the above-described predetermined range (-100.degree.
C. or higher and 0.degree. C. or lower). If the bearings deform
through swelling, the desired length of a gap at a sliding portion
cannot be maintained. This may result in an increase in sliding
resistance. If the bearings deform through shrinking, the hardness
of the bearings increases, and consequently the bearings may be
broken because of vibration of a compressor. In other words, the
deformation of the bearings through shrinking may decrease the
rigidity of the sliding portion. Furthermore, if the insulating
materials (e.g., insulating coating materials and insulating films)
of electric motors deform through swelling, the insulating
properties of the insulating materials deteriorate. If the
insulating materials deform through shrinking, the insulating
materials may also be broken as in the case of the bearings, which
also deteriorates the insulating properties. In contrast, when the
refrigerating oil having an aniline point within the predetermined
range is used as described above, the deformation of bearings and
insulating materials due to swelling or shrinking can be
suppressed, and thus such a problem can be avoided.
[0322] The refrigerating oil is used as a working fluid for a
refrigerating machine by being mixed with a refrigerant
composition. The content of the refrigerating oil relative to the
whole amount of working fluid for a refrigerating machine is
preferably 5 mass % or more and 60 mass % or less and more
preferably 10 mass % or more and 50 mass % or less.
(2-1) Oxygen-Containing Synthetic Oil
[0323] An ester-type refrigerating oil or an ether-type
refrigerating oil serving as an oxygen-containing synthetic oil is
mainly constituted by carbon atoms and oxygen atoms. In the
ester-type refrigerating oil or the ether-type refrigerating oil,
an excessively low ratio (carbon/oxygen molar ratio) of carbon
atoms to oxygen atoms increases the hygroscopicity, and an
excessively high ratio of carbon atoms to oxygen atoms deteriorates
the miscibility with a refrigerant. Therefore, the molar ratio is
preferably 2 or more and 7.5 or less.
(2-1-1) Ester-Type Refrigerating Oil
[0324] Examples of base oil components of the ester-type
refrigerating oil include dibasic acid ester oils of a dibasic acid
and a monohydric alcohol, polyol ester oils of a polyol and a fatty
acid, complex ester oils of a polyol, a polybasic acid, and a
monohydric alcohol (or a fatty acid), and polyol carbonate oils
from the viewpoint of chemical stability.
(Dibasic Acid Ester Oil)
[0325] The dibasic acid ester oil is preferably an ester of a
dibasic acid such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid,
glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic
acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, or
terephthalic acid, in particular, a dibasic acid having 5 to 10
carbon atoms (e.g., glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid,
suberic acid, azelaic acid, or sebacic acid) and a monohydric
alcohol having a linear or branched alkyl group and having 1 to 15
carbon atoms (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol,
hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol,
tridecanol, tetradecanol, or pentadecanol). Specific examples of
the dibasic acid ester oil include ditridecyl glutarate,
di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, diisodecyl adipate, ditridecyl adipate,
and di(3-ethylhexyl) sebacate.
(Polyol Ester Oil)
[0326] The polyol ester oil is an ester synthesized from a
polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid (carboxylic acid), and has a
carbon/oxygen molar ratio of 2 or more and 7.5 or less, preferably
3.2 or more and 5.8 or less.
[0327] The polyhydric alcohol constituting the polyol ester oil is
a diol (e.g., ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol,
1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol,
1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol,
2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,7-heptanediol,
2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,
8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol,
or 1,12-dodecanediol) or a polyol having 3 to 20 hydroxyl groups
(trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane,
di-(trimethylolpropane), tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol,
di-(pentaerythritol), tri-(pentaerythritol), glycerol, polyglycerol
(glycerol dimer or trimer), 1,3,5-pentanetriol, sorbitol, sorbitan,
a sorbitol-glycerol condensate, a polyhydric alcohol such as
adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, or mannitol, a saccharide such as
xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose,
mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose,
sucrose, raffinose, gentianose, or melezitose, or a partially
etherified product of the foregoing). One or two or more polyhydric
alcohols may constitute an ester.
[0328] For the fatty acid constituting the polyol ester, the number
of carbon atoms is not limited, but is normally 1 to 24. A linear
fatty acid or a branched fatty acid is preferred. Examples of the
linear fatty acid include acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic
acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid,
nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid,
tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid,
hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid,
nonadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and
linolenic acid. The hydrocarbon group that bonds to a carboxy group
may have only a saturated hydrocarbon or may have an unsaturated
hydrocarbon. Examples of the branched fatty acid include
2-methylpropionic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic
acid, 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid,
3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3-methylhexanoic
acid, 4-methylhexanoic acid, 5-methylhexanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid,
2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid,
3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
2-ethylpentanoic acid, 3-ethylpentanoic acid,
2,2,3-trimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3,3-trimethylbutanoic acid,
2-ethyl-2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid,
2-methylheptanoic acid, 3-methylheptanoic acid, 4-methylheptanoic
acid, 5-methylheptanoic acid, 6-methylheptanoic acid,
2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-ethylhexanoic acid, 4-ethylhexanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 4,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 4,
5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 5,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2-propylpentanoic acid, 2-methyloctanoic acid, 3-methyloctanoic
acid, 4-methyloctanoic acid, 5-methyloctanoic acid,
6-methyloctanoic acid, 7-methyloctanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylheptanoic
acid, 2,3-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2, 6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,
3-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,
5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3, 6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 4, 5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 4,
6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 5,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 5,
6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 6, 6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2-methyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-methyl-3-ethylhexanoic acid,
2-methyl-4-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-methyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid,
3-methyl-3-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-methyl-4-ethylhexanoic acid,
4-methyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid, 4-methyl-3-ethylhexanoic acid,
4-methyl-4-ethylhexanoic acid, 5-methyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid,
5-methyl-3-ethylhexanoic acid, 5-methyl-4-ethylhexanoic acid,
2-ethylheptanoic acid, 3-methyloctanoic acid, 3,5,
5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylbutyric acid,
2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentanoic
acid, 2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, and
2,2-diisopropylpropanoic acid. One or two or more fatty acids
selected from the foregoing may constitute an ester.
[0329] One polyhydric alcohol may be used to constitute an ester or
a mixture of two or more polyhydric alcohols may be used to
constitute an ester. The fatty acid constituting an ester may be a
single component, or two or more fatty acids may constitute an
ester. The fatty acids may be individual fatty acids of the same
type or may be two or more types of fatty acids as a mixture. The
polyol ester oil may have a free hydroxyl group.
[0330] Specifically, the polyol ester oil is more preferably an
ester of a hindered alcohol such as neopentyl glycol,
trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane,
di-(trimethylolpropane), tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol,
di-(pentaerythritol), or tri-(pentaerythritol); further preferably
an ester of neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane,
trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol, or
di-(pentaerythritol); and preferably an ester of neopentyl glycol,
trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, di-(pentaerythritol), or the
like and a fatty acid having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0331] The fatty acid constituting such a polyhydric alcohol fatty
acid ester may be only a fatty acid having a linear alkyl group or
may be selected from fatty acids having a branched structure. A
mixed ester of linear and branched fatty acids may be employed.
Furthermore, two or more fatty acids selected from the above fatty
acids may be used to constitute an ester.
[0332] Specifically, for example, in the case of a mixed ester of
linear and branched fatty acids, the molar ratio of a linear fatty
acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and a branched fatty acid having 7
to 9 carbon atoms is 15:85 to 90:10, preferably 15:85 to 85:15,
more preferably 20:80 to 80:20, further preferably 25:75 to 75:25,
and most preferably 30:70 to 70:30. The total content of the linear
fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid
having 7 to 9 carbon atoms relative to the whole amount of fatty
acid constituting the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester is
preferably 20 mol % or more. The fatty acid preferably has such a
composition that both of sufficient miscibility with a refrigerant
and viscosity required as a refrigerating oil are achieved. The
content of a fatty acid herein refers to a value relative to the
whole amount of fatty acid constituting the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester contained in the refrigerating oil.
[0333] In particular, the refrigerating oil preferably contains an
ester (hereafter referred to as a "polyhydric alcohol fatty acid
ester (A)") in which the molar ratio of the fatty acid having 4 to
6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon
atoms is 15:85 to 90:10, the fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms
contains 2-methylpropionic acid, and the total content of the fatty
acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having
7 to 9 carbon atoms relative to the whole amount of fatty acid
constituting the above ester is 20 mol % or more.
[0334] The polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) includes a
complete ester in which all hydroxyl groups of a polyhydric alcohol
are esterified, a partial ester in which some hydroxyl groups of a
polyhydric alcohol are left without being esterified, and a mixture
of a complete ester and a partial ester. The hydroxyl value of the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is preferably 10 mgKOH/g or
less, more preferably 5 mgKOH/g or less, and most preferably 3
mgKOH/g or less.
[0335] For the fatty acid constituting the polyhydric alcohol fatty
acid ester (A), the molar ratio of the fatty acid having 4 to 6
carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon atoms
is 15:85 to 90:10, preferably 15:85 to 85:15, more preferably 20:80
to 80:20, further preferably 25:75 to 75:25, and most preferably
30:70 to 70:30. The total content of the fatty acid having 4 to 6
carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon atoms
relative to the whole amount of fatty acid constituting the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is 20 mol % or more. In the
case where the above conditions for the composition of the fatty
acid are not satisfied, if difluoromethane is contained in the
refrigerant composition, both of sufficient miscibility with the
difluoromethane and viscosity required as a refrigerating oil are
not easily achieved at high levels. The content of a fatty acid
refers to a value relative to the whole amount of fatty acid
constituting the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester contained in
the refrigerating oil.
[0336] Specific examples of the fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon
atoms include butanoic acid, 2-methylpropionic acid, pentanoic
acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylpropionic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid,
3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, and hexanoic acid. Among them, a fatty
acid having a branched structure at an alkyl skeleton, such as
2-methylpropionic acid, is preferred.
[0337] Specific examples of the branched fatty acid having 7 to 9
carbon atoms include 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3-methylhexanoic acid,
4-methylhexanoic acid, 5-methylhexanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylpentanoic
acid, 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 3-ethylpentanoic
acid, 1,1,2-trimethylbutanoic acid, 1,2,2-trimethylbutanoic acid,
1-ethyl-1-methylbutanoic acid, 1-ethyl-2-methylbutanoic acid,
octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-ethylhexanoic acid,
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2-methylheptanoic acid,
3-methylheptanoic acid, 4-methylheptanoic acid, 5-methylheptanoic
acid, 6-methylheptanoic acid, 2-propylpentanoic acid, nonanoic
acid, 2,2-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2-methyloctanoic acid,
2-ethylheptanoic acid, 3-methyloctanoic acid,
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylbutyric acid,
2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentanoic
acid, 2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, and
2,2-diisopropylpropanoic acid.
[0338] The polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) may contain, as
an acid constituent component, a fatty acid other than the fatty
acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having
7 to 9 carbon atoms as long as the molar ratio of the fatty acid
having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having 7 to
9 carbon atoms is 15:85 to 90:10 and the fatty acid having 4 to 6
carbon atoms contains 2-methylpropionic acid.
[0339] Specific examples of the fatty acid other than the fatty
acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the branched fatty acid having
7 to 9 carbon atoms include fatty acids having 2 or 3 carbon atoms,
such as acetic acid and propionic acid; linear fatty acids having 7
to 9 carbon atoms, such as heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, and
nonanoic acid; and fatty acids having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, such
as decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic
acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid,
heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid,
eicosanoic acid, and oleic acid.
[0340] When the fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the
branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon atoms are used in
combination with fatty acids other than these fatty acids, the
total content of the fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the
branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon atoms relative to the
whole amount of fatty acid constituting the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester (A) is preferably 20 mol % or more, more
preferably 25 mol % or more, and further preferably 30 mol % or
more. When the content is 20 mol % or more, sufficient miscibility
with difluoromethane is achieved in the case where the
difluoromethane is contained in the refrigerant composition.
[0341] A polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) containing, as
acid constituent components, only 2-methylpropionic acid and
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid is particularly preferred from the
viewpoint of achieving both necessary viscosity and miscibility
with difluoromethane in the case where the difluoromethane is
contained in the refrigerant composition.
[0342] The polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester may be a mixture of
two or more esters having different molecular structures. In this
case, individual molecules do not necessarily satisfy the above
conditions as long as the whole fatty acid constituting a
pentaerythritol fatty acid ester contained in the refrigerating oil
satisfies the above conditions.
[0343] As described above, the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester
(A) contains the fatty acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and the
branched fatty acid having 7 to 9 carbon atoms as essential acid
components constituting the ester and may optionally contain other
fatty acids as constituent components. In other words, the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) may contain only two fatty
acids as acid constituent components or three or more fatty acids
having different structures as acid constituent components, but the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester preferably contains, as an acid
constituent component, only a fatty acid whose carbon atom
(.alpha.-position carbon atom) adjacent to carbonyl carbon is not
quaternary carbon. If the fatty acid constituting the polyhydric
alcohol fatty acid ester contains a fatty acid whose
.alpha.-position carbon atom is quaternary carbon, the lubricity in
the presence of difluoromethane in the case where the
difluoromethane is contained in the refrigerant composition tends
to be insufficient.
[0344] The polyhydric alcohol constituting the polyol ester
according to this embodiment is preferably a polyhydric alcohol
having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.
[0345] Specific examples of the dihydric alcohol (diol) include
ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol,
1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol,
neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol,
1,7-heptanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol,
2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol,
1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, and 1,12-dodecanediol. Specific
examples of the trihydric or higher alcohol include polyhydric
alcohols such as trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane,
trimethylolbutane, di-(trimethylolpropane),
tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di-(pentaerythritol),
tri-(pentaerythritol), glycerol, polyglycerol (glycerol dimer or
trimer), 1,3,5-pentanetriol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbitol glycerol
condensates, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, and mannitol; saccharides
such as xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose,
galactose, mannose, sorbose, and cellobiose; and partially
etherified products of the foregoing. Among them, in terms of
better hydrolysis stability, an ester of a hindered alcohol such as
neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane,
trimethylolbutane, di-(trimethylolpropane),
tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di-(pentaerythritol), or
tri-(pentaerythritol) is preferably used; an ester of neopentyl
glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane,
pentaerythritol, or di-(pentaerythritol) is more preferably used;
and neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, or
di-(pentaerythritol) is further preferably used. In terms of
excellent miscibility with a refrigerant and excellent hydrolysis
stability, a mixed ester of pentaerythritol, di-(pentaerythritol),
or pentaerythritol and di-(pentaerythritol) is most preferably
used.
[0346] Preferred examples of the acid constituent component
constituting the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) are as
follows:
(i) a combination of 1 to 13 acids selected from butanoic acid,
2-methylpropionic acid, pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid,
3-methylbutanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid,
2-methylpentanoic acid, 3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic
acid, 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, and hexanoic acid and 1 to 13 acids
selected from 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3-methylhexanoic acid,
4-methylhexanoic acid, 5-methylhexanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylpentanoic
acid, 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 3-ethylpentanoic
acid, and 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid; (ii) a combination of 1 to
13 acids selected from butanoic acid, 2-methylpropionic acid,
pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylpropionic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid,
3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, and hexanoic acid and 1 to 25 acids
selected from 2-methylheptanoic acid, 3-methylheptanoic acid,
4-methylheptanoic acid, 5-methylheptanoic acid, 6-methylheptanoic
acid, 2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylhexanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 5,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,3-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,2,3-trimethylpentanoic acid, 2,3,3-trimethylpentanoic acid,
2,4,4-trimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4,4-trimethylpentanoic acid,
2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-propylpentanoic acid,
2-methyl-2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-methyl-3-ethylpentanoic acid, and
3-methyl-3-ethylpentanoic acid; and (iii) a combination of 1 to 13
acids selected from butanoic acid, 2-methylpropionic acid,
pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylpropionic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid,
3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, and hexanoic acid and 1 to 50 acids
selected from 2-methyloctanoic acid, 3-methyloctanoic acid,
4-methyloctanoic acid, 5-methyloctanoic acid, 6-methyloctanoic
acid, 7-methyloctanoic acid, 8-methyloctanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylheptanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 5,5-dimethylheptanoic acid,
6,6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,3-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,
6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylheptanoic acid,
3,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
4,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 4,6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2-ethylheptanoic acid, 3-ethylheptanoic acid, 4-ethylheptanoic
acid, 5-ethylheptanoic acid, 2-propylhexanoic acid,
3-propylhexanoic acid, 2-butylpentanoic acid,
2,2,3-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,3-trimethylhexanoic acid,
2,2,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
2,3,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
3,3,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 4,4,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
4,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentanoic acid,
2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic
acid, 2,3,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid,
3,3,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2-diethylpentanoic acid,
2,3-diethylpentanoic acid, 3,3-diethylpentanoic acid,
2-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylbutyric acid, 3-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylbutyric
acid, and 2,2-diisopropylpropionic acid.
[0347] Further preferred examples of the acid constituent component
constituting the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester are as
follows:
(i) a combination of 2-methylpropionic acid and 1 to 13 acids
selected from 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3-methylhexanoic acid,
4-methylhexanoic acid, 5-methylhexanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylpentanoic
acid, 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 3-ethylpentanoic
acid, and 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid; (ii) a combination of
2-methylpropionic acid and 1 to 25 acids selected from
2-methylheptanoic acid, 3-methylheptanoic acid, 4-methylheptanoic
acid, 5-methylheptanoic acid, 6-methylheptanoic acid,
2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylhexanoic acid,
4,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 5,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,3-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid,
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid, 4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid,
2,2,3-trimethylpentanoic acid, 2,3,3-trimethylpentanoic acid,
2,4,4-trimethylpentanoic acid, 3,4,4-trimethylpentanoic acid,
2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-propylpentanoic acid,
2-methyl-2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-methyl-3-ethylpentanoic acid, and
3-methyl-3-ethylpentanoic acid; and (iii) a combination of
2-methylpropionic acid and 1 to 50 acids selected from
2-methyloctanoic acid, 3-methyloctanoic acid, 4-methyloctanoic
acid, 5-methyloctanoic acid, 6-methyloctanoic acid,
7-methyloctanoic acid, 8-methyloctanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylheptanoic
acid, 3,3-dimethylheptanoic acid, 4,4-dimethylheptanoic acid,
5,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 6,6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2,3-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylheptanoic acid,
2,5-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2,6-dimethylheptanoic acid,
3,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,5-dimethylheptanoic acid,
3,6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 4,5-dimethylheptanoic acid,
4,6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2-ethylheptanoic acid, 3-ethylheptanoic
acid, 4-ethylheptanoic acid, 5-ethylheptanoic acid,
2-propylhexanoic acid, 3-propylhexanoic acid, 2-butylpentanoic
acid, 2,2,3-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,3-trimethylhexanoic acid,
2,2,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
2,3,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
3,3,4-trimethylhexanoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 4,4,5-trimethylhexanoic acid,
4,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentanoic acid,
2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic
acid, 2,3,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid,
3,3,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid, 2,2-diethylpentanoic acid,
2,3-diethylpentanoic acid, 3,3-diethylpentanoic acid,
2-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylbutyric acid, 3-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylbutyric
acid, and 2,2-diisopropylpropionic acid.
[0348] The content of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A)
is 50 mass % or more, preferably 60 mass % or more, more preferably
70 mass % or more, and further preferably 75 mass % or more
relative to the whole amount of the refrigerating oil. The
refrigerating oil according to this embodiment may contain a
lubricating base oil other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid
ester (A) and additives as described later. However, if the content
of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is less than 50 mass
%, necessary viscosity and miscibility cannot be achieved at high
levels.
[0349] In the refrigerating oil according to this embodiment, the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is mainly used as a base
oil. The base oil of the refrigerating oil according to this
embodiment may be a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) alone
(i.e., the content of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A)
is 100 mass %). However, in addition to the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester (A), a base oil other than the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester (A) may be further contained to the degree that
the excellent performance of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid
ester (A) is not impaired. Examples of the base oil other than the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) include hydrocarbon oils
such as mineral oils, olefin polymers, alkyldiphenylalkanes,
alkylnaphthalenes, and alkylbenzenes; and esters other than the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A), such as polyol esters,
complex esters, and alicyclic dicarboxylic acid esters, and
oxygen-containing synthetic oils (hereafter, may be referred to as
"other oxygen-containing synthetic oils") such as polyglycols,
polyvinyl ethers, ketones, polyphenyl ethers, silicones,
polysiloxanes, and perfluoroethers.
[0350] Among them, the oxygen-containing synthetic oil is
preferably an ester other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid
ester (A), a polyglycol, or a polyvinyl ether and particularly
preferably a polyol ester other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty
acid ester (A). The polyol ester other than the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester (A) is an ester of a fatty acid and a polyhydric
alcohol such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane,
trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol, or
dipentaerythritol and is particularly preferably an ester of
neopentyl glycol and a fatty acid, an ester of pentaerythritol and
a fatty acid, or an ester of dipentaerythritol and a fatty
acid.
[0351] The neopentyl glycol ester is preferably an ester of
neopentyl glycol and a fatty acid having 5 to 9 carbon atoms.
Specific examples of the neopentyl glycol ester include neopentyl
glycol di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate), neopentyl glycol
di(2-ethylhexanoate), neopentyl glycol di(2-methylhexanoate),
neopentyl glycol di(2-ethylpentanoate), an ester of neopentyl
glycol and 2-methylhexanoic acid.2-ethylpentanoic acid, an ester of
neopentyl glycol and 3-methylhexanoic acid.5-methylhexanoic acid,
an ester of neopentyl glycol and 2-methylhexanoic
acid.2-ethylhexanoic acid, an ester of neopentyl glycol and
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid.4,5-dimethylhexanoic
acid.3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, neopentyl glycol dipentanoate,
neopentyl glycol di(2-ethylbutanoate), neopentyl glycol
di(2-methylpentanoate), neopentyl glycol di(2-methylbutanoate), and
neopentyl glycol di(3-methylbutanoate).
[0352] The pentaerythritol ester is preferably an ester of
pentaerythritol and a fatty acid having 5 to 9 carbon atoms. The
pentaerythritol ester is, specifically, an ester of pentaerythritol
and at least one fatty acid selected from pentanoic acid,
2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, hexanoic acid,
2-methylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic
acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, and
2-ethylhexanoic acid.
[0353] The dipentaerythritol ester is preferably an ester of
dipentaerythritol and a fatty acid having 5 to 9 carbon atoms. The
dipentaerythritol ester is, specifically, an ester of
dipentaerythritol and at least one fatty acid selected from
pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid,
hexanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid,
2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid,
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
[0354] When the refrigerating oil according to this embodiment
contains an oxygen-containing synthetic oil other than the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A), the content of the
oxygen-containing synthetic oil other than the polyhydric alcohol
fatty acid ester (A) is not limited as long as excellent lubricity
and miscibility of the refrigerating oil according to this
embodiment are not impaired. When a polyol ester other than the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is contained, the content
of the polyol ester is preferably less than 50 mass %, more
preferably 45 mass % or less, still more preferably 40 mass % or
less, even more preferably 35 mass % or less, further preferably 30
mass % or less, and most preferably 25 mass % or less relative to
the whole amount of the refrigerating oil. When an
oxygen-containing synthetic oil other than the polyol ester is
contained, the content of the oxygen-containing synthetic oil is
preferably less than 50 mass %, more preferably 40 mass % or less,
and further preferably 30 mass % or less relative to the whole
amount of the refrigerating oil. If the content of the polyol ester
other than the pentaerythritol fatty acid ester or the
oxygen-containing synthetic oil is excessively high, the
above-described effects are not sufficiently produced.
[0355] The polyol ester other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty
acid ester (A) may be a partial ester in which some hydroxyl groups
of a polyhydric alcohol are left without being esterified, a
complete ester in which all hydroxyl groups are esterified, or a
mixture of a partial ester and a complete ester. The hydroxyl value
is preferably 10 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 5 mgKOH/g or
less, and most preferably 3 mgKOH/g or less.
[0356] When the refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment contain a polyol
ester other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A), the
polyol ester may contain one polyol ester having a single structure
or a mixture of two or more polyol esters having different
structures.
[0357] The polyol ester other than the polyhydric alcohol fatty
acid ester (A) may be any of an ester of one fatty acid and one
polyhydric alcohol, an ester of two or more fatty acids and one
polyhydric alcohol, an ester of one fatty acid and two or more
polyhydric alcohols, and an ester of two or more fatty acids and
two or more polyhydric alcohols.
[0358] The refrigerating oil according to this embodiment may be
constituted by only the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) or
by the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) and other base oils.
The refrigerating oil may further contain various additives
described later. The working fluid for a refrigerating machine
according to this embodiment may also further contain various
additives. In the following description, the content of additives
is expressed relative to the whole amount of the refrigerating oil,
but the content of these components in the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine is desirably determined so that the content
is within the preferred range described later when expressed
relative to the whole amount of the refrigerating oil.
[0359] To further improve the abrasion resistance and load
resistance of the refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment, at least one
phosphorus compound selected from the group consisting of
phosphoric acid esters, acidic phosphoric acid esters,
thiophosphoric acid esters, amine salts of acidic phosphoric acid
esters, chlorinated phosphoric acid esters, and phosphorous acid
esters can be added. These phosphorus compounds are esters of
phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid and alkanol or polyether-type
alcohol, or derivatives thereof.
[0360] Specific examples of the phosphoric acid ester include
tributyl phosphate, tripentyl phosphate, trihexyl phosphate,
triheptyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, trinonyl phosphate,
tridecyl phosphate, triundecyl phosphate, tridodecyl phosphate,
tritridecyl phosphate, tritetradecyl phosphate, tripentadecyl
phosphate, trihexadecyl phosphate, triheptadecyl phosphate,
trioctadecyl phosphate, trioleyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate,
tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, cresyldiphenyl
phosphate, and xylenyldiphenyl phosphate.
[0361] Examples of the acidic phosphoric acid ester include
monobutyl acid phosphate, monopentyl acid phosphate, monohexyl acid
phosphate, monoheptyl acid phosphate, monooctyl acid phosphate,
monononyl acid phosphate, monodecyl acid phosphate, monoundecyl
acid phosphate, monododecyl acid phosphate, monotridecyl acid
phosphate, monotetradecyl acid phosphate, monopentadecyl acid
phosphate, monohexadecyl acid phosphate, monoheptadecyl acid
phosphate, monooctadecyl acid phosphate, monooleyl acid phosphate,
dibutyl acid phosphate, dipentyl acid phosphate, dihexyl acid
phosphate, diheptyl acid phosphate, dioctyl acid phosphate, dinonyl
acid phosphate, didecyl acid phosphate, diundecyl acid phosphate,
didodecyl acid phosphate, ditridecyl acid phosphate, ditetradecyl
acid phosphate, dipentadecyl acid phosphate, dihexadecyl acid
phosphate, diheptadecyl acid phosphate, dioctadecyl acid phosphate,
and dioleyl acid phosphate.
[0362] Examples of the thiophosphoric acid ester include tributyl
phosphorothionate, tripentyl phosphorothionate, trihexyl
phosphorothionate, triheptyl phosphorothionate, trioctyl
phosphorothionate, trinonyl phosphorothionate, tridecyl
phosphorothionate, triundecyl phosphorothionate, tridodecyl
phosphorothionate, tritridecyl phosphorothionate, tritetradecyl
phosphorothionate, tripentadecyl phosphorothionate, trihexadecyl
phosphorothionate, triheptadecyl phosphorothionate, trioctadecyl
phosphorothionate, trioleyl phosphorothionate, triphenyl
phosphorothionate, tricresyl phosphorothionate, trixylenyl
phosphorothionate, cresyldiphenyl phosphorothionate, and
xylenyldiphenyl phosphorothionate.
[0363] The amine salt of an acidic phosphoric acid ester is an
amine salt of an acidic phosphoric acid ester and a primary,
secondary, or tertiary amine that has a linear or branched alkyl
group and that has 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 18 carbon
atoms.
[0364] For the amine constituting the amine salt of an acidic
phosphoric acid ester, the amine salt is a salt of an amine such as
a linear or branched methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine,
butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine,
nonylamine, decylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine,
tetradecylamine, pentadecyl amine, hexadecylamine, heptadecylamine,
octadecylamine, oleylamine, tetracosylamine, dimethylamine,
diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine,
dihexylamine, diheptylamine, dioctyl amine, dinonylamine,
didecylamine, diundecylamine, didodecylamine, ditridecylamine,
ditetradecylamine, dipentadecylamine, dihexadecylamine,
diheptadecylamine, dioctadecylamine, dioleylamine,
ditetracosylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine,
tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, triheptylamine,
trioctylamine, trinonylamine, tridecylamine, triundecyl amine,
tridodecylamine, tritridecylamine, tritetradecylamine,
tripentadecylamine, trihexadecylamine, triheptadecylamine,
trioctadecylamine, trioleylamine, or tritetracosylamine. The amine
may be a single compound or a mixture of two or more compounds.
[0365] Examples of the chlorinated phosphoric acid ester include
tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris(chloroethyl) phosphate,
tris(chlorophenyl) phosphate, and
polyoxyalkylene.bis[di(chloroaklyl)] phosphate. Examples of the
phosphorous acid ester include dibutyl phosphite, dipentyl
phosphite, dihexyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dioctyl
phosphite, dinonyl phosphite, didecyl phosphite, diundecyl
phosphite, didodecyl phosphite, dioleyl phosphite, diphenyl
phosphite, dicresyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tripentyl
phosphite, trihexyl phosphite, triheptyl phosphite, trioctyl
phosphite, trinonyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, triundecyl
phosphite, tridodecyl phosphite, trioleyl phosphite, triphenyl
phosphite, and tricresyl phosphite. Mixtures of these compounds can
also be used.
[0366] When the refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment contain the
above-described phosphorus compound, the content of the phosphorus
compound is not limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 5.0 mass % and
more preferably 0.02 to 3.0 mass % relative to the whole amount of
the refrigerating oil (relative to the total amount of the base oil
and all the additives). The above-described phosphorus compounds
may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0367] The refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment may contain a
terpene compound to further improve the thermal and chemical
stability. The "terpene compound" in the present invention refers
to a compound obtained by polymerizing isoprene and a derivative
thereof, and a dimer to an octamer of isoprene are preferably used.
Specific examples of the terpene compound include monoterpenes such
as geraniol, nerol, linalool, citral (including geranial),
citronellol, menthol, limonene, terpinerol, carvone, ionone,
thujone, camphor, and borneol; sesquiterpenes such as farnesene,
farnesol, nerolidol, juvenile hormone, humulene, caryophyllene,
elemene, cadinol, cadinene, and tutin; diterpenes such as
geranylgeraniol, phytol, abietic acid, pimaragen, daphnetoxin,
taxol, and pimaric acid; sesterterpenes such as geranylfarnesene;
triterpenes such as squalene, limonin, camelliagenin, hopane, and
lanosterol; and tetraterpenes such as carotenoid.
[0368] Among these terpene compounds, the terpene compound is
preferably monoterpene, sesquiterpene, or diterpene, more
preferably sesquiterpene, and particularly preferably
.alpha.-farnesene (3,7, 11-trimethyldodeca-1,3,6,10-tetraene)
and/or .beta.-farnesene
(7,11-dimethyl-3-methylidenedodeca-1,6,10-triene). In the present
invention, the terpene compounds may be used alone or in
combination of two or more.
[0369] The content of the terpene compound in the refrigerating oil
according to this embodiment is not limited, but is preferably
0.001 to 10 mass %, more preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and further
preferably 0.05 to 3 mass % relative to the whole amount of the
refrigerating oil. If the content of the terpene compound is less
than 0.001 mass %, an effect of improving the thermal and chemical
stability tends to be insufficient. If the content is more than 10
mass %, the lubricity tends to be insufficient. The content of the
terpene compound in the working fluid for a refrigerating machine
according to this embodiment is desirably determined so that the
content is within the above preferred range when expressed relative
to the whole amount of the refrigerating oil.
[0370] The refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment may contain at
least one epoxy compound selected from phenyl glycidyl ether-type
epoxy compounds, alkyl glycidyl ether-type epoxy compounds,
glycidyl ester-type epoxy compounds, allyloxirane compounds,
alkyloxirane compounds, alicyclic epoxy compounds, epoxidized fatty
acid monoesters, and epoxidized vegetable oils to further improve
the thermal and chemical stability.
[0371] Specific examples of the phenyl glycidyl ether-type epoxy
compound include phenyl glycidyl ether and alkylphenyl glycidyl
ethers. The alkylphenyl glycidyl ether herein is an alkylphenyl
glycidyl ether having 1 to 3 alkyl groups with 1 to 13 carbon
atoms. In particular, the alkylphenyl glycidyl ether is preferably
an alkylphenyl glycidyl ether having one alkyl group with 4 to 10
carbon atoms, such as n-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, i-butylphenyl
glycidyl ether, sec-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, tert-butylphenyl
glycidyl ether, pentylphenyl glycidyl ether, hexylphenyl glycidyl
ether, heptylphenyl glycidyl ether, octylphenyl glycidyl ether,
nonylphenyl glycidyl ether, or decylphenyl glycidyl ether.
[0372] Specific examples of the alkyl glycidyl ether-type epoxy
compound include decyl glycidyl ether, undecyl glycidyl ether,
dodecyl glycidyl ether, tridecyl glycidyl ether, tetradecyl
glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol
diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether,
pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl
ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, polyalkylene glycol
monoglycidyl ether, and polyalkylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
[0373] Specific examples of the glycidyl ester-type epoxy compound
include phenyl glycidyl ester, alkyl glycidyl esters, and alkenyl
glycidyl esters. Preferred examples of the glycidyl ester-type
epoxy compound include glycidyl-2,2-dimethyloctanoate, glycidyl
benzoate, glycidyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate.
[0374] Specific examples of the allyloxirane compound include
1,2-epoxystyrene and alkyl-1,2-epoxy styrenes.
[0375] Specific examples of the alkyloxirane compound include
1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxypentane, 1,2-epoxyhexane,
1,2-epoxyheptane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxynonane,
1,2-epoxydecane, 1,2-epoxyundecane, 1,2-epoxydodecane,
1,2-epoxytridecane, 1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxypentadecane,
1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1,2-epoxyheptadecane, 1,1,2-epoxyoctadecane,
2-epoxynonadecane, and 1,2-epoxyeicosane.
[0376] Specific examples of the alicyclic epoxy compound include
1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 1,2-epoxycyclopentane,
3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate,
bis(3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) adipate, exo-2,3-epoxynorbornane,
bis(3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl) adipate,
2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl)-spiro(1,3-dioxane-5,3'-[7]oxabicyclo[4.1-
.0]heptane, 4-(1'-methylepoxyethyl)-1,2-epoxy-2-methylcyclohexane,
and 4-epoxyethyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane.
[0377] Specific examples of the epoxidized fatty acid monoester
include esters of an epoxidized fatty acid having 12 to 20 carbon
atoms and an alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenol, or an
alkylphenol. In particular, butyl, hexyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl,
methoxyethyl, octyl, phenyl, and butyl phenyl esters of
epoxystearic acid are preferably used.
[0378] Specific examples of the epoxidized vegetable oil include
epoxy compounds of vegetable oils such as soybean oil, linseed oil,
and cottonseed oil.
[0379] Among these epoxy compounds, phenyl glycidyl ether-type
epoxy compounds, alkyl glycidyl ether-type epoxy compounds,
glycidyl ester-type epoxy compounds, and alicyclic epoxy compounds
are preferred.
[0380] When the refrigerating oil and the working fluid for a
refrigerating machine according to this embodiment contain the
above-described epoxy compound, the content of the epoxy compound
is not limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 5.0 mass % and more
preferably 0.1 to 3.0 mass % relative to the whole amount of the
refrigerating oil. The above-described epoxy compounds may be used
alone or in combination of two or more.
[0381] The kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating oil containing
the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) at 40.degree. C. is
preferably 20 to 80 mm.sup.2/s, more preferably 25 to 75
mm.sup.2/s, and most preferably 30 to 70 mm.sup.2/s. The kinematic
viscosity at 100.degree. C. is preferably 2 to 20 mm.sup.2/s and
more preferably 3 to 10 mm.sup.2/s. When the kinematic viscosity is
more than or equal to the lower limit, the viscosity required as a
refrigerating oil is easily achieved. On the other hand, when the
kinematic viscosity is less than or equal to the upper limit,
sufficient miscibility with difluoromethane in the case where the
difluoromethane is contained as a refrigerant composition can be
achieved.
[0382] The volume resistivity of the refrigerating oil containing
the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is not limited, but is
preferably 1.0.times.10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm or more, more preferably
1.0.times.10.sup.13 .OMEGA.cm or more, and most preferably
1.0.times.10.sup.14 .OMEGA.cm or more. In particular, when the
refrigerating oil is used for sealed refrigerating machines, high
electric insulation tends to be required. The volume resistivity
refers to a value measured at 25.degree. C. in conformity with JIS
C 2101 "Testing methods of electrical insulating oils".
[0383] The water content of the refrigerating oil containing the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is not limited, but is
preferably 200 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, and
most preferably 50 ppm or less relative to the whole amount of the
refrigerating oil. In particular, when the refrigerating oil is
used for sealed refrigerating machines, the water content needs to
be low from the viewpoints of the thermal and chemical stability of
the refrigerating oil and the influence on electric insulation.
[0384] The acid number of the refrigerating oil containing the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is not limited, but is
preferably 0.1 mgKOH/g or less and more preferably 0.05 mgKOH/g or
less to prevent corrosion of metals used for refrigerating machines
or pipes. In the present invention, the acid number refers to an
acid number measured in conformity with JIS K 2501 "Petroleum
products and lubricants--Determination of neutralization
number".
[0385] The ash content of the refrigerating oil containing the
polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester (A) is not limited, but is
preferably 100 ppm or less and more preferably 50 ppm or less to
improve the thermal and chemical stability of the refrigerating oil
and suppress the generation of sludge and the like. The ash content
refers to an ash content measured in conformity with JIS K 2272
"Crude oil and petroleum products--Determination of ash and
sulfated ash".
(Complex Ester Oil)
[0386] The complex ester oil is an ester of a fatty acid and a
dibasic acid, and a monohydric alcohol and a polyol. The
above-described fatty acid, dibasic acid, monohydric alcohol, and
polyol can be used.
[0387] Examples of the fatty acid include the fatty acids mentioned
in the polyol ester.
[0388] Examples of the dibasic acid include oxalic acid, malonic
acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid,
suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid,
isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid.
[0389] Examples of the polyol include the polyhydric alcohols in
the polyol ester. The complex ester is an ester of such a fatty
acid, dibasic acid, and polyol, each of which may be constituted by
a single component or a plurality of components.
(Polyol Carbonate Oil)
[0390] The polyol carbonate oil is an ester of a carbonic acid and
a polyol.
[0391] Examples of the polyol include the above-described diols and
polyols.
[0392] The polyol carbonate oil may be a ring-opened polymer of a
cyclic alkylene carbonate.
(2-1-2) Ether-Type Refrigerating Oil
[0393] The ether-type refrigerating oil is, for example, a
polyvinyl ether oil or a polyoxyalkylene oil.
(Polyvinyl Ether Oil)
[0394] Examples of the polyvinyl ether oil include polymers of a
vinyl ether monomer, copolymers of a vinyl ether monomer and a
hydrocarbon monomer having an olefinic double bond, and copolymers
of a monomer having an olefinic double bond and a polyoxyalkylene
chain and a vinyl ether monomer.
[0395] The carbon/oxygen molar ratio of the polyvinyl ether oil is
preferably 2 or more and 7.5 or less and more preferably 2.5 or
more and 5.8 or less. If the carbon/oxygen molar ratio is smaller
than the above range, the hygroscopicity increases. If the
carbon/oxygen molar ratio is larger than the above range, the
miscibility deteriorates. The weight-average molecular weight of
the polyvinyl ether is preferably 200 or more and 3000 or less and
more preferably 500 or more and 1500 or less.
[0396] The pour point of the polyvinyl ether oil is preferably
-30.degree. C. or lower. The surface tension of the polyvinyl ether
oil at 20.degree. C. is preferably 0.02 N/m or more and 0.04 N/m or
less. The density of the polyvinyl ether oil at 15.degree. C. is
preferably 0.8 g/cm.sup.3 or more and 1.8 g/cm.sup.3 or less. The
saturated water content of the polyvinyl ether oil at a temperature
of 30.degree. C. and a relative humidity of 90% is preferably 2000
ppm or more.
[0397] The refrigerating oil may contain polyvinyl ether as a main
component. In the case where HFO-1234yf is contained as a
refrigerant, the polyvinyl ether serving as a main component of the
refrigerating oil has miscibility with HFO-1234yf. When the
refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 400
mm.sup.2/s or less, HFO-1234yf is dissolved in the refrigerating
oil to some extent. When the refrigerating oil has a pour point of
-30.degree. C. or lower, the flowability of the refrigerating oil
is easily ensured even at positions at which the temperature of the
refrigerant composition and the refrigerating oil is low in the
refrigerant circuit. When the refrigerating oil has a surface
tension at 20.degree. C. of 0.04 N/m or less, the refrigerating oil
discharged from a compressor does not readily form large droplets
of oil that are not easily carried away by a refrigerant
composition. Therefore, the refrigerating oil discharged from the
compressor is dissolved in HFO-1234yf and is easily returned to the
compressor together with HFO-1234yf.
[0398] When the refrigerating oil has a kinematic viscosity at
40.degree. C. of 30 mm.sup.2/s or more, an insufficient oil film
strength due to excessively low kinematic viscosity is suppressed,
and thus good lubricity is easily achieved. When the refrigerating
oil has a surface tension at 20.degree. C. of 0.02 N/m or more, the
refrigerating oil does not readily form small droplets of oil in a
gas refrigerant inside the compressor, which can suppress discharge
of a large amount of refrigerating oil from the compressor.
Therefore, a sufficient amount of refrigerating oil is easily
stored in the compressor.
[0399] When the refrigerating oil has a saturated water content at
30.degree. C./90% RH of 2000 ppm or more, a relatively high
hygroscopicity of the refrigerating oil can be achieved. Thus, when
HFO-1234yf is contained as a refrigerant, water in HFO-1234yf can
be captured by the refrigerating oil to some extent. HFO-1234yf has
a molecular structure that is easily altered or deteriorated
because of the influence of water contained. Therefore, the
hydroscopic effects of the refrigerating oil can suppress such
deterioration.
[0400] Furthermore, when a particular resin functional component is
disposed in the sealing portion or sliding portion that is in
contact with a refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit
and the resin functional component is formed of any of
polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, phenolic resin,
polyamide resin, chloroprene rubber, silicon rubber, hydrogenated
nitrile rubber, fluororubber, and hydrin rubber, the aniline point
of the refrigerating oil is preferably set within a particular
range in consideration of the adaptability with the resin
functional component. By setting the aniline point in such a
manner, for example, the adaptability of bearings constituting the
resin functional component with the refrigerating oil is improved.
Specifically, if the aniline point is excessively low, the
refrigerating oil readily infiltrates bearings or the like, and the
bearings or the like readily swell. On the other hand, if the
aniline point is excessively high, the refrigerating oil does not
readily infiltrate bearings or the like, and the bearings or the
like readily shrink. Therefore, by setting the aniline point of the
refrigerating oil within a particular range, the swelling or
shrinking of the bearings or the like can be prevented. Herein, for
example, if each of the bearings or the like deforms through
swelling or shrinking, the desired length of a gap at a sliding
portion cannot be maintained. This may increase the sliding
resistance or decrease the rigidity of the sliding portion.
However, when the aniline point of the refrigerating oil is set
within a particular range as described above, the deformation of
the bearings or the like through swelling or shrinking is
suppressed, and thus such a problem can be avoided.
[0401] The vinyl ether monomers may be used alone or in combination
of two or more. Examples of the hydrocarbon monomer having an
olefinic double bond include ethylene, propylene, various butenes,
various pentenes, various hexenes, various heptenes, various
octenes, diisobutylene, triisobutylene, styrene,
.alpha.-methylstyrene, and various alkyl-substituted styrenes. The
hydrocarbon monomers having an olefinic double bond may be used
alone or in combination of two or more.
[0402] The polyvinyl ether copolymer may be a block copolymer or a
random copolymer. The polyvinyl ether oils may be used alone or in
combination of two or more.
[0403] A polyvinyl ether oil preferably used has a structural unit
represented by general formula (1) below.
##STR00001##
(In the formula, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 may be the same or
different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 represents a divalent
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an ether bond
oxygen-containing divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon
atoms, R.sup.5 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon
atoms, m represents a number at which the average of m in the
polyvinyl ether is 0 to 10, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 may be the same or
different in each of structural units, and when m represents 2 or
more in one structural unit, a plurality of R.sup.4O may be the
same or different.)
[0404] At least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 in the general
formula (1) preferably represents a hydrogen atom. In particular,
all of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 preferably represent a
hydrogen atom. In the general formula (1), m preferably represents
0 or more and 10 or less, particularly preferably 0 or more and 5
or less, further preferably 0. R.sup.5 in the general formula (1)
represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
Specific examples of the hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups
such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an
isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl
group, a tert-butyl group, various pentyl groups, various hexyl
groups, various heptyl groups, and various octyl groups; cycloalkyl
groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, various
methylcyclohexyl groups, various ethylcyclohexyl groups, and
various dimethylcyclohexyl groups; aryl groups such as a phenyl
group, various methylphenyl groups, various ethylphenyl groups, and
various dimethylphenyl groups; and arylalkyl groups such as a
benzyl group, various phenylethyl groups, and various methylbenzyl
groups. Among the alkyl groups, the cycloalkyl groups, the phenyl
group, the aryl groups, and the arylalkyl groups, alkyl groups, in
particular, alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are preferred.
For the polyvinyl ether oil contained, the ratio of a polyvinyl
ether oil with R.sup.5 representing an alkyl group having 1 or 2
carbon atoms and a polyvinyl ether oil with R.sup.5 representing an
alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms is preferably 40%:60% to
100%:0%.
[0405] The polyvinyl ether oil according to this embodiment may be
a homopolymer constituted by the same structural unit represented
by the general formula (1) or a copolymer constituted by two or
more structural units. The copolymer may be a block copolymer or a
random copolymer.
[0406] The polyvinyl ether oil according to this embodiment may be
constituted by only the structural unit represented by the general
formula (1) or may be a copolymer further including a structural
unit represented by general formula (2) below. In this case, the
copolymer may be a block copolymer or a random copolymer.
##STR00002##
(In the formula, R.sup.6 to R.sup.9 may be the same or different
and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1
to 20 carbon atoms.)
[0407] The vinyl ether monomer is, for example, a compound
represented by general formula (3) below.
##STR00003##
(In the formula, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and m
have the same meaning as R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4,
R.sup.5, and m in the general formula (1), respectively.)
[0408] Examples of various polyvinyl ether compounds corresponding
to the above polyvinyl ether compound include vinyl methyl ether;
vinyl ethyl ether; vinyl-n-propyl ether; vinyl-isopropyl ether;
vinyl-n-butyl ether; vinyl-isobutyl ether; vinyl-sec-butyl ether;
vinyl-tert-butyl ether; vinyl-n-pentyl ether; vinyl-n-hexyl ether;
vinyl-2-methoxyethyl ether; vinyl-2-ethoxyethyl ether;
vinyl-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl ether; vinyl-2-methoxy-propyl ether;
vinyl-3,6-dioxaheptyl ether; vinyl-3,6,9-trioxadecyl ether;
vinyl-1,4-dimethyl-3,6-dioxaheptyl ether;
vinyl-1,4,7-trimethyl-3,6,9-trioxadecyl ether;
vinyl-2,6-dioxa-4-heptyl ether; vinyl-2,6,9-trioxa-4-decyl ether;
1-methoxypropene; 1-ethoxypropene; 1-n-propoxypropene;
1-isopropoxypropene; 1-n-butoxypropene; 1-isobutoxypropene;
1-sec-butoxypropene; 1-tert-butoxypropene; 2-methoxypropene;
2-ethoxypropene; 2-n-propoxypropene; 2-isopropoxypropene;
2-n-butoxypropene; 2-isobutoxypropene; 2-sec-butoxypropene;
2-tert-butoxypropene; 1-methoxy-1-butene; 1-ethoxy-1-butene;
1-n-propoxy-1-butene; 1 isopropoxy-1-butene; 1-n-butoxy-1-butene;
isobutoxy-1-butene; 1-sec-butoxy-1-butene; 1-tert-butoxy-1-butene;
2-methoxy-1-butene; 2-ethoxy-1-butene; 2-n-propoxy-1-butene;
2-isopropoxy-1-butene; 2-n-butoxy-1-butene; 2-isobutoxy-1-butene;
2-sec-butoxy-1-butene; 2-tert-butoxy-1-butene; 2-methoxy-2-butene;
2-ethoxy-2-butene; 2-n-propoxy-2-butene; 2-isopropoxy-2-butene;
2-n-butoxy-2-butene; 2-isobutoxy-2-butene; 2-sec-butoxy-2-butene;
and 2-tert-butoxy-2-butene. These vinyl ether monomers can be
produced by a publicly known method.
[0409] The end of the polyvinyl ether compound having the
structural unit represented by the general formula (1) can be
converted into a desired structure by a method described in the
present disclosure and a publicly known method. Examples of the
group introduced by conversion include saturated hydrocarbons,
ethers, alcohols, ketones, amides, and nitriles.
[0410] The polyvinyl ether compound preferably has the following
end structures.
##STR00004##
(In the formula, R.sup.11, R.sup.21, and R.sup.31 may be the same
or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon
group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.41 represents a divalent
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an ether bond
oxygen-containing divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon
atoms, R.sup.51 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20
carbon atoms, m represents a number at which the average of m in
the polyvinyl ether is 0 to 10, and when m represents 2 or more, a
plurality of R.sup.41O may be the same or different.)
##STR00005##
(In the formula, R.sup.61, R.sup.71, R.sup.81, and R.sup.91 may be
the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.)
##STR00006##
(In the formula, R.sup.12, R.sup.22, and R.sup.32 may be the same
or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon
group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.42 represents a divalent
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an ether bond
oxygen-containing divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon
atoms, R.sup.52 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20
carbon atoms, m represents a number at which the average of m in
the polyvinyl ether is 0 to 10, and when m represents 2 or more, a
plurality of R.sup.42O may be the same or different.)
##STR00007##
(In the formula, R.sup.62, R.sup.72, R.sup.82, and R.sup.92 may be
the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.)
##STR00008##
(In the formula, R.sup.13, R.sup.23, and R.sup.33 may be the same
or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon
group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.)
[0411] The polyvinyl ether oil according to this embodiment can be
produced by polymerizing the above-described monomer through, for
example, radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, or
radiation-induced polymerization. After completion of the
polymerization reaction, a typical separation/purification method
is performed when necessary to obtain a desired polyvinyl ether
compound having a structural unit represented by the general
formula (1).
(Polyoxyalkylene Oil)
[0412] The polyoxyalkylene oil is a polyoxyalkylene compound
obtained by, for example, polymerizing an alkylene oxide having 2
to 4 carbon atoms (e.g., ethylene oxide or propylene oxide) using
water or a hydroxyl group-containing compound as an initiator. The
hydroxyl group of the polyoxyalkylene compound may be etherified or
esterified. The polyoxyalkylene oil may contain an oxyalkylene unit
of the same type or two or more oxyalkylene units in one molecule.
The polyoxyalkylene oil preferably contains at least an
oxypropylene unit in one molecule.
[0413] Specifically, the polyoxyalkylene oil is, for example, a
compound represented by general formula (9) below.
R.sup.101--[(OR.sup.102).sub.k--OR.sup.103].sub.l (9)
(In the formula, R.sup.101 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl
group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10
carbon atoms, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6
bonding sites and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.102 represents an
alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.103 represents a
hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an
acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 represents an integer of
1 to 6, and k represents a number at which the average of k.times.1
is 6 to 80.)
[0414] In the general formula (9), the alkyl group represented by
R.sup.101 and R.sup.103 may be a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl
group. Specific examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group,
an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, various butyl
groups, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl
groups, various octyl groups, various nonyl groups, various decyl
groups, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group. If the number
of carbon atoms of the alkyl group exceeds 10, the miscibility with
a refrigerant deteriorates, which may cause phase separation. The
number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 6.
[0415] The acyl group represented by R.sup.101 and R.sup.103 may
have a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group moiety. Specific
examples of the alkyl group moiety of the acyl group include
various groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms that are mentioned as
specific examples of the alkyl group. If the number of carbon atoms
of the acyl group exceeds 10, the miscibility with a refrigerant
deteriorates, which may cause phase separation. The number of
carbon atoms of the acyl group is preferably 2 to 6.
[0416] When R.sup.101 and R.sup.103 each represent an alkyl group
or an acyl group, R.sup.101 and R.sup.103 may be the same or
different.
[0417] Furthermore, when 1 represents 2 or more, a plurality of
R.sup.103 in one molecule may be the same or different.
[0418] When R.sup.101 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group
having 2 to 6 bonding sites and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the aliphatic
hydrocarbon group may be a linear group or a cyclic group. Examples
of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having two bonding sites include
an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene
group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, a
nonylene group, a decylene group, a cyclopentylene group, and a
cyclohexylene group. Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group
having 3 to 6 bonding sites include residual groups obtained by
removing hydroxyl groups from polyhydric alcohols such as
trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol,
1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane, and 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane.
[0419] If the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon
group exceeds 10, the miscibility with a refrigerant deteriorates,
which may cause phase separation. The number of carbon atoms is
preferably 2 to 6.
[0420] R.sup.102 in the general formula (9) represents an alkylene
group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of the oxyalkylene group
serving as a repeating unit include an oxyethylene group, an
oxypropylene group, and an oxybutylene group. The polyoxyalkylene
oil may contain an oxyalkylene group of the same type or two or
more oxyalkylene groups in one molecule, but preferably contains at
least an oxypropylene unit in one molecule. In particular, the
content of the oxypropylene unit in the oxyalkylene unit is
suitably 50 mol % or more.
[0421] In the general formula (9), 1 represents an integer of 1 to
6, which can be determined in accordance with the number of bonding
sites of R.sup.101. For example, when R.sup.101 represents an alkyl
group or an acyl group, 1 represents 1. When R.sup.101 represents
an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 bonding
sites, 1 represents 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Preferably, 1
represents 1 or 2. Furthermore, k preferably represents a number at
which the average of k.times.1 is 6 to 80.
[0422] For the structure of the polyoxyalkylene oil, a
polyoxypropylene diol dimethyl ether represented by general formula
(10) below and a poly(oxyethylene/oxypropylene) diol dimethyl ether
represented by general formula (11) below are suitable from the
viewpoints of economy and the above-described effects. Furthermore,
a polyoxypropylene diol monobutyl ether represented by general
formula (12) below, a polyoxypropylene diol monomethyl ether
represented by general formula (13) below, a
poly(oxyethylene/oxypropylene) diol monomethyl ether represented by
general formula (14) below, a poly(oxyethylene/oxypropylene) diol
monobutyl ether represented by general formula (15) below, and a
polyoxypropylene diol diacetate represented by general formula (16)
below are suitable from the viewpoint of economy and the like.
CH.sub.3O--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.h--CH.sub.3 (10)
(In the formula, h represents 6 to 80.)
CH.sub.3O--(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.i--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.j--CH.sub.3
(11)
(In the formula, i and j each represent 1 or more and the sum of i
and j is 6 to 80.)
C.sub.4H.sub.9O--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.h--H (12)
(In the formula, h represents 6 to 80.)
CH.sub.3O--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.h--H (13)
(In the formula, h represents 6 to 80.)
CH.sub.3O--(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.4C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.j--H
(14)
(In the formula, i and j each represent 1 or more and the sum of i
and j is 6 to 80.)
C.sub.4H.sub.9O--(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.4C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.j--H
(15)
(In the formula, i and j each represent 1 or more and the sum of i
and j is 6 to 80.)
CH.sub.3COO--(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.h--COCH.sub.3 (16)
(In the formula, h represents 6 to 80.)
[0423] The polyoxyalkylene oils may be used alone or in combination
of two or more.
(2-2) Hydrocarbon Refrigerating Oil
[0424] The hydrocarbon refrigerating oil that can be used is, for
example, an alkylbenzene.
[0425] The alkylbenzene that can be used is a branched alkylbenzene
synthesized from propylene polymer and benzene serving as raw
materials using a catalyst such as hydrogen fluoride or a linear
alkylbenzene synthesized from normal paraffin and benzene serving
as raw materials using the same catalyst. The number of carbon
atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 30 and more preferably
4 to 20 from the viewpoint of achieving a viscosity appropriate as
a lubricating base oil. The number of alkyl groups in one molecule
of the alkylbenzene is dependent on the number of carbon atoms of
the alkyl group, but is preferably 1 to 4 and more preferably 1 to
3 to control the viscosity within the predetermined range.
[0426] The hydrocarbon refrigerating oil preferably circulates
through a refrigeration cycle system together with a refrigerant.
Although it is most preferable that the refrigerating oil is
soluble with a refrigerant, for example, a refrigerating oil (e.g.,
a refrigerating oil disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2803451)
having low solubility can also be used as long as the refrigerating
oil is capable of circulating through a refrigeration cycle system
together with a refrigerant. To allow the refrigerating oil to
circulate through a refrigeration cycle system, the refrigerating
oil is required to have a low kinematic viscosity. The kinematic
viscosity of the hydrocarbon refrigerating oil at 40.degree. C. is
preferably 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 50 mm.sup.2/s or less and more
preferably 1 mm.sup.2/s or more and 25 mm.sup.2/s or less.
[0427] These refrigerating oils may be used alone or in combination
of two or more.
[0428] The content of the hydrocarbon refrigerating oil in the
working fluid for a refrigerating machine may be, for example, 10
parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less and is more
preferably 20 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less
relative to 100 parts by mass of the refrigerant composition.
(2-3) Additive
[0429] The refrigerating oil may contain one or two or more
additives.
[0430] Examples of the additives include an acid scavenger, an
extreme pressure agent, an antioxidant, an antifoaming agent, an
oiliness improver, a metal deactivator such as a copper
deactivator, an anti-wear agent, and a compatibilizer.
[0431] Examples of the acid scavenger that can be used include
epoxy compounds such as phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl
ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide,
.alpha.-olefin oxide, and epoxidized soybean oil; and
carbodiimides. Among them, phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl
ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, and
.alpha.-olefin oxide are preferred from the viewpoint of
miscibility. The alkyl group of the alkyl glycidyl ether and the
alkylene group of the alkylene glycol glycidyl ether may have a
branched structure. The number of carbon atoms may be 3 or more and
30 or less, and is more preferably 4 or more and 24 or less and
further preferably 6 or more and 16 or less. The total number of
carbon atoms of the .alpha.-olefin oxide may be 4 or more and 50 or
less, and is more preferably 4 or more and 24 or less and further
preferably 6 or more and 16 or less. The acid scavengers may be
used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0432] The extreme pressure agent may contain, for example, a
phosphoric acid ester. Examples of the phosphoric acid ester that
can be used include phosphoric acid esters, phosphorous acid
esters, acidic phosphoric acid esters, and acidic phosphorous acid
esters. The extreme pressure agent may contain an amine salt of a
phosphoric acid ester, a phosphorous acid ester, an acidic
phosphoric acid ester, or an acidic phosphorous acid ester.
[0433] Examples of the phosphoric acid ester include triaryl
phosphates, trialkyl phosphates, trialkylaryl phosphates,
triarylalkyl phosphates, and trialkenyl phosphates. Specific
examples of the phosphoric acid ester include triphenyl phosphate,
tricresyl phosphate, benzyl diphenyl phosphate, ethyl diphenyl
phosphate, tributyl phosphate, ethyl dibutyl phosphate, cresyl
diphenyl phosphate, dicresyl phenyl phosphate, ethylphenyl diphenyl
phosphate, diethylphenyl phenyl phosphate, propylphenyl diphenyl
phosphate, dipropylphenyl phenyl phosphate, triethylphenyl
phosphate, tripropylphenyl phosphate, butylphenyl diphenyl
phosphate, dibutylphenyl phenyl phosphate, tributylphenyl
phosphate, trihexyl phosphate, tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate,
tridecyl phosphate, trilauryl phosphate, trimyristyl phosphate,
tripalmityl phosphate, tristearyl phosphate, and trioleyl
phosphate.
[0434] Specific examples of the phosphorous acid ester include
triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite,
tricresyl phosphite, tri(nonylphenyl) phosphite, tri(2-ethylhexyl)
phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, triisooctyl
phosphite, diphenylisodecyl phosphite, tristearyl phosphite, and
trioleyl phosphite.
[0435] Specific examples of the acidic phosphoric acid ester
include 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, ethyl acid phosphate, butyl
acid phosphate, oleyl acid phosphate, tetracosyl acid phosphate,
isodecyl acid phosphate, lauryl acid phosphate, tridecyl acid
phosphate, stearyl acid phosphate, and isostearyl acid
phosphate.
[0436] Specific examples of the acidic phosphorous acid ester
include dibutyl hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite,
dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, distearyl hydrogen phosphite, and
diphenyl hydrogen phosphite. Among the phosphoric acid esters,
oleyl acid phosphate and stearyl acid phosphate are suitably
used.
[0437] Among amines used for amine salts of phosphoric acid esters,
phosphorous acid esters, acidic phosphoric acid esters, or acidic
phosphorous acid esters, specific examples of mono-substituted
amines include butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine,
cyclohexylamine, octylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine,
and benzylamine. Specific examples of di-substituted amines include
dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, dicyclohexylamine,
dioctylamine, dilaurylamine, distearylamine, dioleylamine,
dibenzylamine, stearyl.monoethanolamine, decyl.monoethanolamine,
hexyl.monopropanolamine, benzyl.monoethanolamine,
phenyl.monoethanolamine, and tolyl.monopropanolamine. Specific
examples of tri-substituted amines include tributylamine,
tripentylamine, trihexylamine, tricyclohexylamine, trioctylamine,
trilaurylamine, tristearylamine, trioleylamine, tribenzylamine,
dioleyl.monoethanolamine, dilauryl.monopropanolamine,
dioctyl.monoethanolamine, dihexyl.monopropanolamine,
dibutyl.monopropanolamine, oleyl.diethanolamine,
stearyl.dipropanolamine, lauryl.diethanolamine,
octyl.dipropanolamine, butyl.diethanolamine, benzyl.diethanolamine,
phenyl.diethanolamine, tolyl.dipropanolamine, xylyl.diethanolamine,
triethanolamine, and tripropanolamine.
[0438] Examples of extreme pressure agents other than the
above-described extreme pressure agents include extreme pressure
agents based on organosulfur compounds such as monosulfides,
polysulfides, sulfoxides, sulfones, thiosulfinates, sulfurized fats
and oils, thiocarbonates, thiophenes, thiazoles, and
methanesulfonates; extreme pressure agents based on thiophosphoric
acid esters such as thiophosphoric acid triesters; extreme pressure
agents based on esters such as higher fatty acids, hydroxyaryl
fatty acids, polyhydric alcohol esters, and acrylic acid esters;
extreme pressure agents based on organochlorine compounds such as
chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., chlorinated paraffin and
chlorinated carboxylic acid derivatives; extreme pressure agents
based on fluoroorganic compounds such as fluorinated aliphatic
carboxylic acids, fluorinated ethylene resins, fluorinated
alkylpolysiloxanes, and fluorinated graphites; extreme pressure
agents based on alcohols such as higher alcohols; and extreme
pressure agents based on metal compounds such as naphthenic acid
salts (e.g., lead naphthenate), fatty acid salts (e.g., lead fatty
acid), thiophosphoric acid salts (e.g., zinc
dialkyldithiophosphate), thiocarbamic acid salts, organomolybdenum
compounds, organotin compounds, organogermanium compounds, and
boric acid esters.
[0439] The antioxidant that can be used is, for example, a
phenol-based antioxidant or an amine-based antioxidant. Examples of
the phenol-based antioxidant include
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (DBPC),
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol,
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol),
2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and bisphenol A. Examples of the
amine-based antioxidant include
N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, phenyl-.alpha.-naphthylamine,
N,N'-di-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and
N,N-di(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenedi amine. An oxygen scavenger that
captures oxygen can also be used as the antioxidant.
[0440] The antifoaming agent that can be used is, for example, a
silicon compound.
[0441] The oiliness improver that can be used is, for example, a
higher alcohol or a fatty acid.
[0442] The metal deactivator such as a copper deactivator that can
be used is, for example, benzotriazole or a derivative thereof.
[0443] The anti-wear agent that can be used is, for example, zinc
dithiophosphate.
[0444] The compatibilizer is not limited, and can be appropriately
selected from commonly used compatibilizers. The compatibilizers
may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the
compatibilizer include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides,
nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers,
fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizer is
particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
[0445] The refrigerating oil may optionally contain, for example, a
load-bearing additive, a chlorine scavenger, a detergent
dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a heat resistance improver,
a stabilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a pour-point depressant, and
an anticorrosive.
[0446] The content of each additive in the refrigerating oil may be
0.01 mass % or more and 5 mass % or less and is preferably 0.05
mass % or more and 3 mass % or less. The content of the additive in
the working fluid for a refrigerating machine constituted by the
refrigerant composition and the refrigerating oil is preferably 5
mass % or less and more preferably 3 mass % or less.
[0447] The refrigerating oil preferably has a chlorine
concentration of 50 ppm or less and preferably has a sulfur
concentration of 50 ppm or less.
(3) Refrigerant Circuit
[0448] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a refrigerant circuit 10
included in an air conditioner 1 that is a refrigeration cycle
apparatus.
[0449] The air conditioner 1 is an apparatus used for indoor
cooling and/or heating through a vapor-compression refrigeration
cycle operation. The air conditioner 1 mainly includes an outdoor
unit 2, an indoor unit 3, and a liquid-side connection pipe 9 and a
gas-side connection pipe 8 that each connect the outdoor unit 2 and
the indoor unit 3.
[0450] The refrigerant circuit 10 included in the air conditioner 1
includes a compressor 4, an outdoor heat exchanger 5, an expansion
valve 6, and an indoor heat exchanger 7, which are connected to one
another through the liquid-side connection pipe 9, the gas-side
connection pipe 8, and other refrigerant pipes to constitute a
compression refrigerant circuit. The air conditioner 1 includes a
microcomputer, a memory, and the like and also includes a control
unit configured to drive and control various actuators.
[0451] A working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing the
refrigerant composition serving as a refrigerant and the
refrigerating oil is enclosed in the refrigerant circuit 10.
(3-1) Indoor Unit
[0452] The indoor unit 3 is disposed on an indoor ceiling surface
or wall surface. The indoor unit 3 is connected to the outdoor unit
2 through the liquid-side connection pipe 9 and the gas-side
connection pipe 8 and constitutes a part of the refrigerant circuit
10. The refrigerant circuit 10 may include a plurality of indoor
units 3 connected in parallel.
[0453] The indoor unit 3 includes the indoor heat exchanger 7 and
an indoor fan 13.
[0454] The indoor heat exchanger 7 is not limited, and is
constituted by, for example, a heat transfer tube and many fins.
The indoor heat exchanger 7 functions as a refrigerant evaporator
during cooling operation to cool indoor air and functions as a
refrigerant condenser during heating operation to heat indoor
air.
[0455] The indoor fan 13 sucks indoor air into the indoor unit 3 to
cause heat exchange with the refrigerant in the indoor heat
exchanger 7 and then generates air flow supplied to the interior as
supply air. The indoor fan 13 includes an indoor fan motor.
(3-2) Outdoor Unit
[0456] The outdoor unit 2 is disposed outdoors and connected to the
indoor unit 3 through the liquid-side connection pipe 9 and the
gas-side connection pipe 8.
[0457] The outdoor unit 2 includes, for example, the compressor 4,
the outdoor heat exchanger 5, an outdoor fan 12, the expansion
valve 6, an accumulator 11, a four-way switching valve 10, a
liquid-side shutoff valve 14, and a gas-side shutoff valve 15.
[0458] The compressor 4 is, for example, a positive-displacement
compressor driven by a compressor motor. The compressor motor may
be driven by, for example, receiving power supply through an
inverter device (not illustrated).
[0459] The outdoor heat exchanger 5 is not limited, and is
constituted by, for example, a heat transfer tube and many fins.
The outdoor heat exchanger 5 functions as a refrigerant condenser
during cooling operation and functions as a refrigerant evaporator
during heating operation.
[0460] The outdoor fan 12 sucks outdoor air into the outdoor unit 2
to cause heat exchange with the refrigerant in the outdoor heat
exchanger 5 and then generates air flow discharged outdoors. The
outdoor fan 12 includes an outdoor fan motor.
[0461] The expansion valve 6 can control the pressure of a
refrigerant passing therethrough by adjusting the valve opening
degree.
[0462] The accumulator 11 is disposed on the suction side of the
compressor 4 between the four-way switching valve 10 and the
compressor 4 and separates a liquid refrigerant and a gaseous
refrigerant from each other.
[0463] The four-way switching valve 10 can switch the connection
state between a cooling operation connection state in which the
discharge side of the compressor 4 and the outdoor heat exchanger 5
are connected while the downstream side of the accumulator 11 and
the gas-side shutoff valve 15 are connected and a heating operation
connection state in which the discharge side of the compressor 4
and the gas-side shutoff valve 15 are connected while the
downstream side of the accumulator 11 and the outdoor heat
exchanger 5 are connected.
[0464] The liquid-side shutoff valve 14 and the gas-side shutoff
valve 15 are valves disposed at connecting ports with outside
apparatuses and pipes (specifically, the liquid-side connection
pipe 9 and the gas-side connection pipe 8).
(3-3) Refrigeration Cycle
[0465] In the air conditioner 1, the four-way switching valve 10 is
in a cooling operation connection state during cooling operation. A
high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the
compressor 4 is condensed at the outdoor heat exchanger 5 that
functions as a refrigerant condenser, decompressed when passing
through the expansion valve 6, and supplied to the gas side of the
indoor unit 3 through the liquid-side connection pipe 9. The
refrigerant that has been supplied to the indoor unit 3 is
evaporated at the indoor heat exchanger 7 that functions as a
refrigerant evaporator and sucked into the compressor 4 through the
gas-side connection pipe 8 and the accumulator 11 of the outdoor
unit 2.
[0466] In the air conditioner 1, the four-way switching valve 10 is
in a heating operation connection state during heating operation. A
high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the
compressor 4 is sent to the gas side of the indoor unit 3 through
the gas-side connection pipe 8. The refrigerant that has been sent
to the indoor unit 3 is condensed at the indoor heat exchanger 7
that functions as a refrigerant condenser and sent to the expansion
valve 6 of the outdoor unit 2 through the liquid-side connection
pipe 9. The refrigerant decompressed when passing through the
expansion valve 6 is evaporated at the outdoor heat exchanger 5
that functions as a refrigerant evaporator and sucked into the
compressor 4 through the accumulator 11.
[0467] The refrigeration cycle apparatus is not limited. Examples
of the refrigeration cycle apparatus include cooling apparatuses of
room air conditioners, package air conditioners, refrigerators, car
air conditioners, water heaters, dehumidifiers, freezers, cold
stores, vending machines, showcases, chemical plants, and the like.
In particular, the refrigeration cycle apparatus is preferably used
in a refrigerating machine including a hermetic compressor. Each of
the refrigerating oils according to this embodiment can be used for
any of, for example, reciprocating compressors, rotary compressors,
and centrifugal compressors. In these refrigerating machines, the
refrigerating oil according to this embodiment is used as a working
fluid for a refrigerating machine obtained by being mixed with the
refrigerant composition.
(4) Refrigerant and Refrigerant Composition
(4-1) Definition of Terms
[0468] In the present specification, the term "refrigerant"
includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817
(International Organization for Standardization), and that are
given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of
refrigerant with "R" at the beginning; and further includes
refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such
refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given.
Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and
non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the
compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons
(HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene
(R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744),
ammonia (R717), and the like. Note that the term "refrigerant"
includes a mixture of a plurality of refrigerants.
[0469] In the present specification, the phase "refrigerant
composition" includes a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of
refrigerants) and other components, and is distinguished from a
refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). The
"refrigerant composition" includes a composition that can be used
to obtain the working fluid for a refrigerating machine by mixing
at least with a refrigerating oil.
[0470] In the present specification, the phase "working fluid for a
refrigerating machine" includes a composition including a
refrigerant and a refrigerating oil, and is distinguished from the
"refrigerant composition". The phase "working fluid for a
refrigerating machine" may be referred to as a "refrigeration
oil-containing working fluid".
[0471] It should be noted that the phase "composition comprising a
refrigerant" can be used as a phase including at least those three
embodiments of "refrigerant", "refrigerant composition", and
"working fluid for a refrigerating machine (refrigeration
oil-containing working fluid)".
[0472] In the present specification, when the term "alternative" is
used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with
the second refrigerant, the first type of "alternative" means that
equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be
operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions,
optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the
following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve,
dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words,
this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated
with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of
"alternative" include "drop-in alternative," "nearly drop-in
alternative," and "retrofit," in the order in which the extent of
changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first
refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
[0473] The term "alternative" also includes a second type of
"alternative," which means that equipment designed for operation
using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the
existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second
refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is
achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
[0474] In the present specification, the term "refrigerating
machine" refers to machines in general that draw heat from an
object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature
of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words,
refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain
energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy
conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is
lower to where the temperature is higher.
[0475] In the present specification, a refrigerant having a "WCF
lower flammability" means that the most flammable composition
(worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning
velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a
refrigerant having "ASHRAE lower flammability" means that the
burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable
fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability:
WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during
storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF,
has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability
classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is
determined to classified as be "Class 2L."
[0476] In the present specification, a refrigerant having an "RCL
of x % or more" means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant
concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a
concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors.
RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity,
suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are
present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard.
More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute
toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL),
and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively
calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of
the ASHRAE Standard.
[0477] In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an
absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature
and the end temperature in the phase change process of a
refrigerant composition of the present disclosure in the heat
exchanger of a refrigerant system.
(4-2) Use of Refrigerant
[0478] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be
preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
[0479] The composition according to the present disclosure is
suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant
such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22
etc.
(4-3) Refrigerant Composition
[0480] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be
further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a
working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
[0481] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure further comprises at least one other component in
addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may
comprise at least one of the following other components, if
necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a
refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at
least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does
not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in
the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure,
the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire
refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more
preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
(4-3-1) Water
[0482] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content
of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less
based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained
in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the
molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present
in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated
fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the
stability of the refrigerant composition.
(4-3-2) Tracer
[0483] A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according
to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that
when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or
undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
[0484] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more
tracers.
[0485] The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from
commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an
impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present
disclosure is selected as the tracer.
[0486] Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons,
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons,
fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated
compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and
nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O). The tracer is particularly preferably a
hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon,
a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a
fluoroether.
[0487] The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.
FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF.sub.4) HCC-40 (chloromethane,
CH.sub.3Cl) HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF.sub.3) HFC-41
(fluoromethane, CH.sub.3Cl) HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CHF.sub.2) HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane,
CF.sub.3CH.sub.3) HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CH.sub.2F) HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane,
CHF.sub.2CH.sub.3) HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH.sub.2FCH.sub.2F)
HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-245fa
(1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-236fa
(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CF.sub.3) HFC-236ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCHF.sub.2) HFC-227ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCF.sub.3) HCFC-22
(chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF.sub.2) HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane,
CH.sub.2ClF) CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF.sub.2.dbd.CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCHF.sub.2)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.3)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether,
CF.sub.3OCHFCF.sub.3)
[0488] HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether,
CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3)
[0489] The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant
composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million
(ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present
in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30
ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is
present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300
ppm.
(4-3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye
[0490] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or
two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
[0491] The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent
dyes.
[0492] Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include
naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene,
thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives
thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably
either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.
(4-3-4) Stabilizer
[0493] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more
stabilizers.
[0494] The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected
from commonly used stabilizers.
[0495] Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and
amines.
[0496] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro
compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro
compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
[0497] Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.
[0498] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine
and diphenylamine.
[0499] Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and
benzotriazole.
[0500] The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the
content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more
preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
(4-3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor
[0501] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two
or more polymerization inhibitors.
[0502] The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
[0503] Examples of polymerization inhibitors include
4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether,
dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and
benzotriazole.
[0504] The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited.
Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is
preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %,
based on the entire refrigerant.
(4-4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid
[0505] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a
refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating
machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working
fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a
refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine
with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The
refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10
to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
[0506] As the refrigeration oil contained in the refrigeration
oil-containing working fluid, one kind of the refrigeration oil
described in the column of (2) Refrigerating oil may be contained
alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be contained. The
refrigerating oil may contain the additives described in the column
of (2-3) Additive. Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are
the refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described
in detail.
[0507] In addition, each description of the following refrigerant
A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E
is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line
segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative
examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A,
the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the
refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant
A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different
embodiment from each other.
(5-1) Refrigerant A
[0508] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0509] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of
performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a
sufficiently low GWP.
[0510] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally
further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following
requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties
desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a
refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are
equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0511] Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:
[0512] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
CO);
[0513] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0514] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3,
[0515] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0516] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0517] the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
[0518] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A.
[0519] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based
on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded
by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that
connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line segment CG);
[0520] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0521] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0522] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0523] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0524] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0525] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A
has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the
WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0526] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment
CJ);
[0527] the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0528] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91),
[0529] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0530] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0531] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0532] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0533] the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0534] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a
burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0535] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C' C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
[0536] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0537] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0538] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0539] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0540] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0541] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0542] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has
an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0543] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP
that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF);
[0544] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0545] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0546] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0547] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0548] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0549] the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
[0550] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an
RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0551] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect
the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q
(62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above
line segments;
[0552] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0553] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0554] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
[0555] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more
relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more,
furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide
of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0556] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS
that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point
A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0,
61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line
segments,
[0557] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0558] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0559] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0560] the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112),
and
[0561] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
[0562] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more
furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or
more relative to that of R410A.
[0563] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect
the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points 0 and h);
[0564] the line segment dg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0565] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0566] the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.
[0567] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0568] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0569] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and
il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line
segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
[0570] the line segment lg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0571] the line gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0572] the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
[0573] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0574] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0575] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and
fO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points 0 and f);
[0576] the line segment de is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0577] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0064z.sup.2-1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z.sup.2+0.1565z+34.499, z),
and
[0578] the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.
[0579] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0580] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0581] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and
il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line
segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
[0582] the line segment le is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0583] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0584] the line segments fi and il are straight lines.
[0585] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0586] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively
represented by x, y, and z,
[0587] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa,
ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point c
(77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points O and c);
[0588] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y,
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0589] the line segment bc is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0590] the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.
[0591] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0592] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0593] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0594] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb,
bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and point j
(72.5, 23.2, 4.3), or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
[0595] the line segment kb is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y, and
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0596] the line segment bj is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0597] the line segment jk is a straight line.
[0598] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard.
[0599] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties
and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0600] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more,
based on the entire refrigerant.
[0601] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one
additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant A)
[0602] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A
is not limited to the Examples.
[0603] The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed
refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the
values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated
therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and
HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The
refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a
mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by
performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the
mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport
Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following
conditions.
[0604] Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL
of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol.
%, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the
ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5 K Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0605] Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Exam- Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3
Exam- ple 2 Exam- Ex. 4 Item Unit Ex. 1 O A ple 1 A' ple 3 B
HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 100.0 68.6 49.0 30.6 14.1 0.0 HFO-1123
mass % 0.0 0.0 14.9 30.0 44.8 58.7 R1234yf mass % 0.0 31.4 36.1
39.4 41.1 41.3 GWP -- 2088 1 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 100
99.7 100.0 98.6 97.3 96.3 95.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative
100 98.3 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 0.1 0.00 1.98 3.36 4.46 5.15 5.35 glide
Discharge % (relative 100.0 99.3 87.1 88.9 90.6 92.1 93.2 pressure
to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 -- 30.7 37.5 44.0 52.7 64.0 78.6
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comp. Exam- Comp. Comp. Exam- Comp. Ex. 5
Exam- ple 5 Exam- Ex. 6 Ex. 7 ple 7 Ex. 8 Item Unit C ple 4 C' ple
6 D E E' F HFO-1132(E) mass % 32.9 26.6 19.5 10.9 0.0 58.0 23.4 0.0
HFO-1123 mass % 67.1 68.4 70.5 74.1 80.4 42.0 48.5 61.8 R1234yf
mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 19.6 0.0 28.1 38.2 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
COP ratio % (relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 to
410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.4 105.2 102.9 100.5 97.9 105.0
92.5 86.9 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.16
0.52 0.94 1.42 1.90 0.42 3.16 4.80 glide Discharge % (relative
119.5 117.4 115.3 113.0 115.9 112.7 101.0 95.8 pressure to 410A)
RCL g/m.sup.3 53.5 57.1 62.0 69.1 81.3 41.9 46.3 79.0
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comp. Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Ex. 9
ple 8 ple 9 ple 10 ple 11 ple 12 Item Unit J P L N N' K HFO-1132(E)
mass % 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9
16.3 7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 GWP -- 1 1 1
1 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.8 95.0 96.1 97.9 99.1 99.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 104.1 101.6 95.0 88.2 85.0 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.31 0.57 0.81 1.41 2.11
2.51 glide Discharge % (relative 115.8 111.9 107.8 99.0 91.2 87.7
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.2 42.6 40.0 38.0 38.7 39.7
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S' T
HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.8 49.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass
% 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9 R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9
9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP -- 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 99.4
96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.6
85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 0.81 2.58 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.55 2.07 glide
Discharge % (relative 107.8 87.9 106.0 109.6 105.0 105.0 105.0
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 40.0 40.0 40.0 44.8 40.0 44.4
50.8
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comp. Ex. 10 Example 20 Example 21 Item Unit
G H I HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 14.0
0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 14.0 28.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative
96.6 98.2 99.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 95.1 86.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C. 0.46 1.27
1.71 Discharge pressure % (relative 108.4 98.7 88.6 to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 37.4 37.0 36.6
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Comp. Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 11 Ex. 12 22 23 24 25 26 Ex. 13
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 91.4 92.0 92.8 93.7 94.7 95.8 96.9 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.7 105.5 105.0 104.3 103.3 102.0 100.6
99.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.40 0.46
0.55 0.66 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.67 glide Discharge % (relative 120.1
118.7 116.7 114.3 111.6 108.7 105.6 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 71.0 61.9 54.9 49.3 44.8 41.0 37.8 35.1
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ex. 15
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 91.9 92.5 93.3 94.3 95.3 96.4 97.5 98.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 103.2 102.9 102.4 101.5 100.5 99.2 97.8
96.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.87 0.94
1.03 1.12 1.18 1.18 1.09 0.88 glide Discharge % (relative 116.7
115.2 113.2 110.8 108.1 105.2 102.1 99.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 70.5 61.6 54.6 49.1 44.6 40.8 37.7 35.0
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 16 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ex. 17
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 92.4 93.1 93.9 94.8 95.9 97.0 98.1 99.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.5 100.2 99.6 98.7 97.7 96.4 94.9 93.2
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.41 1.49 1.56
1.62 1.63 1.55 1.37 1.05 glide Discharge % (relative 113.1 111.6
109.6 107.2 104.5 101.6 98.6 95.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
70.0 61.2 54.4 48.9 44.4 40.7 37.5 34.8
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0
40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.0 93.7 94.5 95.5
96.5 97.6 98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 97.7 97.4 96.8
95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.03 2.09 2.13 2.14 2.07 1.91 1.61 glide Discharge % (relative
109.4 107.9 105.9 103.5 100.8 98.0 95.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.6 60.9 54.1 48.7 44.2 40.5 37.4
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.6 94.3 95.2 96.1
97.2 98.2 99.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.8 94.5 93.8
92.9 91.8 90.4 88.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.71 2.74 2.73 2.66 2.50 2.22 1.78 glide Discharge % (relative
105.5 104.0 102.1 99.7 97.1 94.3 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.1 60.5 53.8 48.4 44.0 40.4 37.3
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Item Unit 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.8 97.8 98.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.7 87.3 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.46 3.43 3.35 3.18 2.90
2.47 glide Discharge % (relative 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.3 90.6
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.2 43.9 40.2
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Example Example Example Example Example
Comp. Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 Ex. 18 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0
R1234yf mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative 95.0 95.8 96.6 97.5 98.5 99.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.9 88.5 87.8 86.8 85.6 84.1 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 4.24 4.15 3.96 3.67 3.24
2.64 glide Discharge % (relative 97.6 96.1 94.2 92.0 89.5 86.8
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.2 59.8 53.2 48.0 43.7 40.1
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Example Example Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit
64 65 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 40.0
40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.9
96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.8 85.4
84.7 83.6 82.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 glide Discharge % (relative 93.5 92.1 90.3
88.1 85.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 67.8 59.5 53.0 47.8
43.5
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 41.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 41.0 39.0 37.0 35.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 95.1 95.3 95.6 96.0 95.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.5
101.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.78 0.79
0.80 0.81 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 glide Discharge % (relative 110.5
109.9 109.3 108.1 109.7 109.1 108.5 107.9 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 43.2 42.4 41.7 40.3 43.9 43.1 42.4 41.6
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
HFO-1132(E) mass % 60.0 62.0 61.0 58.0 60.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 33.0 31.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 34.0 32.0 R1234yf mass % 7.0
7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.5 96.4 96.6 96.8 96.0 96.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.7 99.1 98.4 98.1 97.8 98.0 97.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.95 0.95 1.18
1.34 1.33 1.32 1.53 1.53 glide Discharge % (relative 107.3 106.7
104.9 104.4 103.8 103.2 104.7 104.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
40.9 40.3 40.5 41.5 40.8 40.1 43.6 42.9
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 HFO-1123
mass % 30.0 28.0 26.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 14.0
14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.4 96.6 96.9 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 97.5 97.2 96.9 97.3 97.1 96.8 96.6 96.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.51 1.50 1.48
1.72 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.67 glide Discharge % (relative 103.5 102.9
102.3 104.3 103.8 103.2 102.7 102.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.1 41.4 40.7 45.2 44.4 43.6 42.8 42.1
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
HFO-1132(E) mass % 58.0 60.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 16.0
16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.9 97.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.3 96.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 96.1 95.8 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 95.9 95.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.65 1.63 1.93
1.92 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 glide Discharge % (relative 101.5 100.9
104.5 103.9 103.4 102.9 102.3 101.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
41.4 40.7 47.8 46.9 46.0 45.1 44.3 43.5
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 18.0
18.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 95.1 95.3 95.7 95.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.4 95.2 94.9 94.6 96.3 96.1 95.7 95.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.86 1.83 1.80
1.77 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 glide Discharge % (relative 101.2 100.6
100.0 99.5 104.5 104.0 103.0 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.7 42.0 41.3 40.6 50.7 49.7 47.7 46.8
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.1 96.3 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 95.1 95.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.2 95.0 94.5 94.2 94.0 93.7 95.3 95.1
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.11 2.09 2.05
2.02 1.99 1.95 2.37 2.36 glide Discharge % (relative 101.9 101.4
100.3 99.7 99.2 98.6 103.4 103.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
45.9 45.0 43.4 42.7 41.9 41.2 51.7 50.6
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 114 ple 115 ple 116 ple 117 ple 118 ple 119 ple
120 ple 121 HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0
52.0 HFO-1123 mass % 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0
R1234yf mass % 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.6 96.8
97.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 94.7 94.5 94.3 94.0
93.8 93.6 93.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.36 2.35 2.33 2.32 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.21 glide Discharge % (relative
102.5 102.0 101.5 101.0 100.4 99.9 99.4 98.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 49.6 48.6 47.6 46.7 45.8 45.0 44.1 43.4
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 122 ple 123 ple 124 ple 125 ple 126 ple 127 ple
128 ple 129 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0
38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0
R1234yf mass % 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.9 95.2 95.4 95.6
95.8 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 94.3
94.1 93.9 93.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.18 2.14 2.09 2.04 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.58 glide Discharge % (relative
98.2 97.7 97.1 96.5 102.4 101.9 101.5 101.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 42.6 41.9 41.2 40.5 52.7 51.6 50.5 49.5
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 130 ple 131 ple 132 ple 133 ple 134 ple 135 ple
136 ple 137 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0
54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0
R1234yf mass % 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2
97.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.5 93.3 93.1 92.8 92.6
92.4 92.1 91.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.56 2.54 2.51 2.49 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.33 glide Discharge % (relative
100.5 100.0 99.5 98.9 98.4 97.9 97.3 96.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.7 44.9 44.1 43.3 42.5
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 138 ple 139 ple 140 ple 141 ple 142 ple 143 ple
144 ple 145 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0
38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0
R1234yf mass % 24.0 24.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 95.3 95.5 95.7 95.9
96.1 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.6 91.3 91.0 93.2 93.1
92.9 92.7 92.5 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.28 2.22 2.16 2.86 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 glide Discharge % (relative
96.2 95.6 95.1 101.3 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 41.8 41.1 40.4 53.7 52.6 51.5 50.4 49.4
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 146 ple 147 ple 148 ple 149 ple 150 ple 151 ple
152 ple 153 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0
54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0
R1234yf mass % 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5
97.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.3 92.1 91.9 91.6 91.4
91.2 90.9 90.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.77 2.74 2.71 2.67 2.63 2.59 2.53 2.48 glide Discharge % (relative
99.0 98.5 97.9 97.4 96.9 96.4 95.8 95.3 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 48.4 47.4 46.5 45.7 44.8 44.0 43.2 42.5
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 154 ple 155 ple 156 ple 157 ple 158 ple 159 ple
160 ple 161 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0
38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 18.0 16.0 14.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0
R1234yf mass % 26.0 26.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.9 98.2 98.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.2
96.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.3 90.1 89.8 92.1 91.9
91.7 91.5 91.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.42 2.35 2.27 3.10 3.09 3.06 3.04 3.01 glide Discharge % (relative
94.7 94.1 93.6 99.7 99.3 98.8 98.4 97.9 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0 40.3 53.6 52.5 51.4 50.3 49.3
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 162 ple 163 ple 164 ple 165 ple 166 ple 167 ple
168 ple 169 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0
54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0
R1234yf mass % 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8
98.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.7 90.4 90.2
89.9 89.7 89.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.98 2.94 2.90 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.68 2.62 glide Discharge % (relative
97.4 96.9 96.4 95.9 95.4 94.9 94.3 93.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 48.3 47.4 46.4 45.6 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.4
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 170 ple 171 ple 172 ple 173 ple 174 ple 175 ple
176 ple 177 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0
42.0 HFO-1123 mass % 16.0 14.0 12.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 28.0
R1234yf mass % 28.0 28.0 28.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6 96.1 96.2 96.4 96.6
97.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.1 88.8 88.5 90.7 90.5
90.3 90.1 89.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.54 2.46 2.38 3.32 3.30 3.26 3.22 3.14 glide Discharge % (relative
93.2 92.6 92.1 97.7 97.3 96.8 96.4 95.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0 40.3 52.4 51.3 50.2 49.2 47.3
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 178 ple 179 ple 180 ple 181 ple 182 ple 183 ple
184 ple 185 HFO-1132(E) mass % 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0
58.0 HFO-1123 mass % 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0
R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 98.3 98.5
98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.4 89.2 89.0 88.7 88.4
88.2 87.9 87.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
3.08 3.03 2.97 2.90 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.57 glide Discharge % (relative
94.9 94.4 93.9 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.7 91.1 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 46.4 45.5 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.3 41.6 40.9
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 186 ple 187 ple 188 ple 189 ple 190 ple 191 ple
192 ple 193 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0
44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0
R1234yf mass % 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3
97.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.6 89.5 89.3 89.1 88.9
88.7 88.4 88.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
3.60 3.56 3.52 3.48 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.26 glide Discharge % (relative
96.6 96.2 95.7 95.3 94.8 94.3 93.9 93.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 53.4 52.3 51.2 50.1 49.1 48.1 47.2 46.3
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 194 ple 195 ple 196 ple 197 ple 198 ple 199 ple
200 ple 201 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0
60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 R1234yf
mass % 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 COP ratio % (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 98.5 98.7 98.9 99.2 to
410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 87.7 87.5 87.2 86.9 86.6 86.3
86.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.20 3.12
3.04 2.96 2.87 2.77 2.66 2.55 glide Discharge % (relative 92.8 92.3
91.8 91.3 90.7 90.2 89.6 89.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.4
44.6 43.8 43.0 42.3 41.5 40.8 40.2
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 202 ple 203 ple 204 ple 205 ple 206 ple 207 ple
208 ple 209 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0
44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0
R1234yf mass % 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.5 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.6
97.8 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.4 88.2 88.0 87.8 87.6
87.4 87.2 87.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
3.84 3.80 3.75 3.70 3.64 3.58 3.51 3.43 glide Discharge % (relative
95.0 94.6 94.2 93.7 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 53.3 52.2 51.1 50.0 49.0 48.0 47.1 46.2
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 210 ple 211 ple 212 ple 213 ple 214 ple 215 ple
216 ple 217 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 30.0 32.0
34.0 HFO-1123 mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 34.0 32.0 30.0
R1234yf mass % 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 98.0 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.8 96.8 96.9
97.1 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.7 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.6
87.2 87.0 86.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
3.36 3.27 3.18 3.08 2.97 4.08 4.03 3.97 glide Discharge % (relative
91.3 90.8 90.3 89.7 89.2 93.4 93.0 92.6 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 45.3 44.5 43.7 42.9 42.2 53.2 52.1 51.0
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 218 ple 219 ple 220 ple 221 ple 222 ple 223 ple
224 ple 225 HFO-1132(E) mass % 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 30.0
32.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 32.0 30.0
R1234yf mass % 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 97.1
97.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 86.4 86.2 85.9 85.7
85.5 85.9 85.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
3.91 3.84 3.76 3.68 3.60 3.50 4.32 4.25 glide Discharge % (relative
92.1 91.7 91.2 90.7 90.3 89.8 91.9 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 49.9 48.9 47.9 47.0 46.1 45.3 53.1 52.0
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 Item Unit Example 226 Example 227
HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass
% 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.6 85.3 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation glide .degree. C. 4.18 4.11 Discharge pressure %
(relative 91.0 90.6 to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 50.9 49.8
[0606] These results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and
OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment CO); the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3, the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0607] The point on the line segment AA' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and
point A' by the least square method.
[0608] The point on the line segment A'B was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A', Example 3, and
point B by the least square method.
[0609] The point on the line segment DC' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and
point C' by the least square method.
[0610] The point on the line segment C'C was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C', Example 4, and
point C by the least square method.
[0611] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z)
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), point T (35.8, 44.9,
19.3), point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), and the
line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0612] The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E',
and F, by the least square method.
[0613] The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R,
and T, by the least square method.
[0614] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these
components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0,
100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or
below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40
g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0615] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %,
a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR
connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9)
or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
temperature glide of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0616] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass
%, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST
connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3)
or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.
[0617] In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing
flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc.
Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
[0618] Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants
whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were
determined to be classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0619] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 2 in the following manner. In FIG. 2, reference
numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed
camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating
lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring
filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or
more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping,
and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum
gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The
initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed
by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the
center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to
9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm)
equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as
the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital
video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0620] Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF
concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak
simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version
4.0.
[0621] Tables 35 and 36 show the results.
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 Item Unit G H I WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0
72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 9.6 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 18.4 28.0
Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 Item Unit J P L N N' K WCF HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3
7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 Leak condition
that Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ results
in WCFF Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. C., 92% C., 90% C., 90% C., 66% C., 12% C., 0% release,
release, release, release, release, release, liquid liquid gas
phase gas phase gas phase gas phase phase side phase side side side
side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0
HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 17.8 17.4 13.6 12.3 9.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0
10.2 10.6 14.4 15.7 18.2 Burning cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less
9 9 8 or less velocity (WCF) Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
velocity (WCFF)
[0622] The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed
refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains
HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their
sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability.
[0623] The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line
segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is the base,
when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN,
and NK connecting the following 6 points: point J (47.1, 52.9,
0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1) point N' (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and point K (61.3,
5.4, 33.3), the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability. In the diagram, the
line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), and
the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91).
[0624] The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L,
and N, by the least square method.
[0625] The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N',
and K, by the least square method.
(5-2) Refrigerant B
[0626] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is
[0627] a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the
refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to
47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
[0628] a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a
total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire
refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1
mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
[0629] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to
that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of
R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability
(Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0630] When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of
HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B
according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising
47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and
WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be "Class 2L," which
is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard,
and which is further easier to handle.
[0631] When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior
with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that
of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or
HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further
improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present
disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes
superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative
to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or
HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further
improved.
[0632] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more,
and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0633] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant B)
[0634] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the
refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.
[0635] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and
38.
[0636] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Superheating temperature: 5 K Subcooling temperature:
5 K Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0637] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base
Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage,
Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0638] Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity,
which were calculated based on these results. The COP and
refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
[0639] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
[0640] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured
according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF
having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be
"Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0641] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 37 Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2
Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Comparative Item Unit
R410A HFO-1132E Example 3 ple 1 ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5 Example 4
HFO-1132E mass % -- 100 80 72 70 68 65 62 60 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass %
0 20 28 30 32 35 38 40 (WCF) GWP -- 2088 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 100 99.7 97.5 96.6 96.3 96.1 95.8 95.4 95.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100 98.3 101.9 103.1 103.4 103.8 104.1
104.5 104.8 capacity ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 2.73 2.71 2.89
2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.04 3.06 pressure Burning cm/sec Non- 20 13 10
9 9 8 8 or 8 or velocity flammable less less (WCF)
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 38 Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 5
Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 HFO-1132E mass % 50 48 47.1
46.1 45.1 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 50 52 52.9 53.9 54.9 (WCF) GWP -- 1
1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 94.1 93.9 93.8 93.7 93.6 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.9 106.1 106.2 106.3 106.4 capacity
ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 3.14 3.16 3.16 3.17 3.18 pressure
Leakage test Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
conditions (WCFF) Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C.,
92% C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% release, release, release,
release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid phase side
phase side phase side phase side phase side HFO-1132E mass % 74 73
72 71 70 (WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 26 27 28 29 30 (WCFF) Burning
cm/sec 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less velocity
(WCF) Burning cm/sec 11 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.5 velocity (WCFF) ASHRAE
flammability 2 2 2L 2L 2L classification Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Example 10 Item Unit Example 7 Example 8
Example 9 HFO-1123 HFO-1132E mass % 43 40 25 0 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass
% 57 60 75 100 (WCF) GWP -- 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 93.4 93.1
91.9 90.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.6 106.9 107.9
108.0 capacity ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 3.20 3.21 3.31 3.39
pressure Leakage test Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ -- conditions
(WCFF) Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. C., 92% C., 92% C., 90% release, release, release,
liquid liquid liquid phase side phase side phase side HFO-1132E
mass % 67 63 38 -- (WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 33 37 62 (WCFF) Burning
cm/sec 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 5 velocity (WCF) Burning
cm/sec 8.5 8 or less 8 or less velocity (WCFF) ASHRAE flammability
2L 2L 2L 2L classification
[0642] The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass %
of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while
having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability.
Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to
that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass %
to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are
stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower
flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance
equivalent to that of R410A.
(5-3) Refrigerant C
[0643] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following
requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
has various properties that are desirable as an alternative
refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and
a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and
a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0644] Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:
[0645] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and
a,
[0646] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D' C, and CG that
connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0,
0.0), point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6,
0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G,
point I, point A, point B, point D', and point C);
[0647] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895,
0.0), point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W);
[0648] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
[0649] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
and
[0650] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When
the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the
above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more
relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower
flammability.
[0651] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0652] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0653] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9,
0.0), point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7,
-0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9, -0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B
(0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D' (0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4,
-0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point J, point
B, point D', and point C);
[0654] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187, -0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,
-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0655] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0656] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
[0657] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87,
0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,
and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating
capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower
flammability, and is classified as "Class 2L," which is a lower
flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0658] When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0659] if 0<a.ltoreq.10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4
points:
point a (0.02a.sup.2-2.46a+93.4, 0, -0.02a.sup.2+2.46a+6.6), point
b' (-0.008a.sup.2-1.38a+56, 0.018a.sup.2-0.53a+26.3,
-0.01a.sup.2+1.91a+17.7), point c (-0.016a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.016a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0) or on
the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c);
[0660] if 10.0<a.ltoreq.16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0244a.sup.2-2.5695a+94.056, 0,
-0.0244a.sup.2+2.5695a+5.944), point b'
(0.1161a.sup.2-1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a.sup.2-0.3399a+24.8,
-0.1301a.sup.2+2.3358a+15.451), point c (-0.0161a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.0161a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c); or
[0661] if 16.5<a.ltoreq.21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0161a.sup.2-2.3535a+92.742, 0,
-0.0161a.sup.2+2.3535a+7.258), point b'
(-0.0435a.sup.2-0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a.sup.2+1.8991a-0.0661,
0.0739a.sup.2-1.8556a+49.6601), point c
(-0.0161a.sup.2+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a.sup.2-0.9959a+22.149, 0),
and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines oa, ab',
and b'c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in
the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a
COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point
b' is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line
formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to
that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A.
[0662] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above
properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and
still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0663] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or
more, based on the entire refrigerant.
[0664] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one
additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant C)
[0665] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the
refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.
[0666] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in
Tables 39 to 96.
[0667] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
[0668] For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the
refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were
obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following
conditions.
[0669] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0670] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C.
[0671] Superheating temperature: 5 K
[0672] Subcooling temperature: 5 K
[0673] Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0674] Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the
GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity
are ratios relative to R410A.
[0675] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 39 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 1 Item Unit Ex.
1 A B C D' G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 68.6 0.0 32.9 0.0 72.0
72.0 47.1 61.7 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 58.7 67.1 75.4 28.0 0.0 52.9 5.9
R1234yf Mass % 31.4 41.3 0.0 24.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 32.4 R32 Mass % 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 2088 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 COP ratio %
(relative 100 100.0 95.5 92.5 93.1 96.6 99.9 93.8 99.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100 85.0 85.0 107.4 95.0 103.1 86.6 106.2
85.5 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 40 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 2 Item Unit A B
C D' G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % 55.3 0.0 18.4 0.0 60.9 60.9 40.5
47.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 47.8 74.5 83.4 32.0 0.0 52.4 7.2 R1234yf
Mass % 37.6 45.1 0.0 9.5 0.0 32.0 0.0 38.7 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 49 49 49 50 49 50 COP ratio %
(relative 99.8 96.9 92.5 92.5 95.9 99.6 94.0 99.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 110.5 106.0 106.5 87.7 108.9
85.5 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 41 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 16
Ex. 17 Ex. 18 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 Ex. 3 Item Unit A B C = D' G I J
K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % 48.4 0.0 0.0 55.8 55.8 37.0 41.0 HFO-1123
Mass % 0.0 42.3 88.9 33.1 0.0 51.9 6.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.5 46.6 0.0
0.0 33.1 0.0 41.4 R32 Mass % 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 GWP
-- 77 77 76 76 77 76 77 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 97.6 92.5 95.8
99.5 94.2 99.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 112.0
108.0 88.6 110.2 85.4 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 42 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 22 Ex. 23
Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Ex. 26 Ex. 4 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 42.8 0.0 52.1 52.1 34.3 36.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 37.8 33.4 0.0
51.2 5.6 R1234yf Mass % 42.7 47.7 0.0 33.4 0.0 43.4 R32 Mass % 14.5
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100 100 99 100 99 100 COP ratio %
(relative 99.9 98.1 95.8 99.5 94.4 99.5 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 85.0 85.0 109.1 89.6 111.1 85.3 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 43 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 27 Ex. 28
Ex. 29 Ex. 30 Ex. 31 Ex. 5 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 37.0 0.0 48.6 48.6 32.0 32.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 33.1 33.2 0.0
49.8 4.0 R1234yf Mass % 44.8 48.7 0.0 33.2 0.0 45.3 R32 Mass % 18.2
18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 GWP -- 125 125 124 125 124 125 COP ratio %
(relative 100.0 98.6 95.9 99.4 94.7 99.8 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 85.0 85.0 110.1 90.8 111.9 85.2 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 44 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 32 Ex. 33
Ex. 34 Ex. 35 Ex. 36 Ex. 6 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 31.5 0.0 45.4 45.4 30.3 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 28.5 32.7 0.0
47.8 2.4 R1234yf Mass % 46.6 49.6 0.0 32.7 0.0 46.9 R32 Mass % 21.9
21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150 150 149 150 149 150 COP ratio %
(relative 100.2 99.1 96.0 99.4 95.1 100.0 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 85.0 85.0 111.0 92.1 112.6 85.1 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 45 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 37
Ex. 38 Ex. 39 Ex. 40 Ex. 41 Ex. 42 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 0.0 41.8 41.8 29.1 24.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
22.9 31.5 0.0 44.2 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5 50.4 0.0 31.5 0.0 48.5
R32 Mass % 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 GWP -- 182 182 181 182 181
182 COP ratio % (relative 100.4 99.8 96.3 99.4 95.6 100.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 111.9 93.8 113.2 85.0 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00046 TABLE 46 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 43
Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex. 47 Ex. 48 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.3 0.0 40.0 40.0 28.8 24.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
19.9 30.7 0.0 41.9 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.4 50.8 0.0 30.7 0.0 46.4
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 198 199 198
200 COP ratio % (relative 100.6 100.1 96.6 99.5 96.1 100.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 112.4 94.8 113.6 86.7
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00047 TABLE 47 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 49
Ex. 50 Ex. 51 Ex. 52 Ex. 53 Ex. 54 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 12.1 0.0 35.7 35.7 29.3 22.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
11.7 27.6 0.0 34.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 51.2 51.6 0.0 27.6 0.0 40.8
R32 Mass % 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 GWP -- 250 250 248 249 248
250 COP ratio % (relative 101.2 101.0 96.4 99.6 97.0 100.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 113.2 97.6 113.9 90.9
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00048 TABLE 48 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 55
Ex. 56 Ex. 57 Ex. 58 Ex. 59 Ex. 60 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 3.8 0.0 32.0 32.0 29.4 21.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
3.9 23.9 0.0 26.5 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 52.1 52.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 34.8
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 300 300 298 299 298
299 COP ratio % (relative 101.8 101.8 97.9 99.8 97.8 100.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 113.7 100.4 113.9 94.9
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00049 TABLE 49 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 61 Ex. 62
Ex. 63 Ex. 64 Ex. 65 Item Unit A = B G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass %
0.0 30.4 30.4 28.9 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 21.8 0.0 23.3 0.0
R1234yf Mass % 52.2 0.0 21.8 0.0 31.8 R32 Mass % 47.8 47.8 47.8
47.8 47.8 GWP -- 325 323 324 323 324 COP ratio % (relative 102.1
98.2 100.0 98.2 100.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0
113.8 101.8 113.9 96.8 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00050 TABLE 50 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 66 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9
Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 82.9 77.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 57.9
52.9 47.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass %
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP
ratio % (relative 92.4 92.6 92.8 93.1 93.4 93.7 94.1 94.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 108.4 108.3 108.2 107.9 107.6 107.2 106.8
106.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00051 TABLE 51 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 16 Ex. 17
Ex. 67 Ex. 18 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 72.9
67.9 62.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.4 95.9 96.4 96.9 93.0 93.3 93.6 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.8 105.2 104.5 103.9 103.1
105.7 105.5 105.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00052 TABLE 52 Item Unit Ex. 21 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex.
25 Ex. 26 Ex. 27 Ex. 28 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9
22.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.2 94.6 95.0 95.5 96.0 96.4 96.9 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 104.9 104.5 104.1 103.6 103.0
102.4 101.7 101.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00053 TABLE 53 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 68 Ex. 29 Ex. 30 Ex. 31
Ex. 32 Ex. 33 Ex. 34 Ex. 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 17.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9
42.9 37.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 93.5 93.8 94.1 94.4 94.8 95.2 95.6
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.3 102.9 102.7 102.5 102.1
101.7 101.2 100.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00054 TABLE 54 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 36 Ex. 37 Ex. 38 Ex. 39
Ex. 69 Ex. 40 Ex. 41 Ex. 42 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 62.9
57.9 52.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 94.0 94.3 94.6
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.1 99.5 98.9 98.1 97.4 100.1
99.9 99.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00055 TABLE 55 Item Unit Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex.
47 Ex. 48 Ex. 49 Ex. 50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.3 95.7 96.2 96.6 97.1 97.6 98.1 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.2 98.8 98.3 97.8 97.2 96.6 95.9
95.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00056 TABLE 56 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 70 Ex. 51 Ex. 52 Ex. 53
Ex. 54 Ex. 55 Ex. 56 Ex. 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9
32.9 27.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 50 50 50 50 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative 98.6 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 95.9 96.3 96.8
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.4 97.1 96.9 96.7 96.3 95.9
95.4 94.8 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00057 TABLE 57 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 58 Ex. 59 Ex. 60 Ex. 61
Ex. 71 Ex. 62 Ex. 63 Ex. 64 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass %
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP
ratio % (relative 97.2 97.7 98.2 98.7 99.2 95.2 95.5 95.8 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.2 93.6 92.9 92.2 91.4 94.2 93.9 93.7
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00058 TABLE 58 Item Unit Ex. 65 Ex. 66 Ex. 67 Ex. 68 Ex.
69 Ex. 70 Ex. 71 Ex. 72 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass
% 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.6 97.0 97.4 97.9 98.3 98.8 99.3 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.3 92.9 92.4 91.8 91.2 90.5 89.8
89.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00059 TABLE 59 Item Unit Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex.
77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 Ex. 80 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.1 98.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.6 90.2 89.8 89.3 88.7
88.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00060 TABLE 60 Item Unit Ex. 81 Ex. 82 Ex. 83 Ex. 84 Ex.
85 Ex. 86 Ex. 87 Ex. 88 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 2.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9
17.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative 99.0 99.4 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.6 98.0 98.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.4 86.7 88.0 87.8 87.5 87.1 86.6
86.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00061 TABLE 61 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Comp. Item Unit Ex. 72 Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78
Ex. 79 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass
% 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio %
(relative 98.8 99.2 99.6 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.5 84.9 84.2 84.9 84.6 84.3 83.9 83.5
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00062 TABLE 62 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 80 Ex. 81
Ex. 82 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative 99.1 99.5 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 82.9 82.3 81.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00063 TABLE 63 Item Unit Ex. 89 Ex. 90 Ex. 91 Ex. 92 Ex.
93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 Ex. 96 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 70.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 14.5
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
COP ratio % (relative 93.7 93.9 94.1 94.4 94.7 95.0 95.4 95.8 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 110.2 110.0 109.7 109.3 108.9
108.4 107.9 107.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00064 TABLE 64 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 97 Ex. 83 Ex. 98 Ex. 99
Ex. 100 Ex. 101 Ex. 102 Ex. 103 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 30.5 25.5 65.5 60.5 55.5
50.5 45.5 40.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99
99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.6 94.2 94.4 94.6 94.9
95.2 95.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.6 106.0 107.5
107.3 107.0 106.6 106.1 105.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00065 TABLE 65 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 104 Ex. 105 Ex. 106 Ex.
84 Ex. 107 Ex. 108 Ex. 109 Ex. 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5
60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.3 96.7 97.1
94.6 94.8 95.1 95.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.1 104.5
103.8 103.1 104.7 104.5 104.1 103.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00066 TABLE 66 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 111 Ex. 112 Ex. 113 Ex.
114 Ex. 115 Ex. 85 Ex. 116 Ex. 117 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5
20.5 15.5 55.5 50.5 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.7 96.0 96.4 96.8
97.2 97.6 95.1 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.3 102.8
102.2 101.6 101.0 100.3 101.8 101.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00067 TABLE 67 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 118 Ex. 119 Ex. 120 Ex.
121 Ex. 122 Ex. 123 Ex. 124 Ex. 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 95.9 96.2 96.5
96.9 97.3 97.7 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.2 100.8
100.4 99.9 99.3 98.7 98.0 97.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00068 TABLE 68 Item Unit Ex. 125 Ex. 126 Ex. 127 Ex. 128
Ex. 129 Ex. 130 Ex. 131 Ex. 132 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.7
97.1 97.5 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 98.9 98.6 98.3
97.9 97.4 96.9 96.3 95.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00069 TABLE 69 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 133 Ex. 87 Ex. 134 Ex.
135 Ex. 136 Ex. 137 Ex. 138 Ex. 139 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 96.2
96.4 96.7 97.0 97.3 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.0
94.3 95.8 95.6 95.2 94.8 94.4 93.8 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00070 TABLE 70 Item Unit Ex. 140 Ex. 141 Ex. 142 Ex. 143
Ex. 144 Ex. 145 Ex. 146 Ex. 147 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 40.5 35.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.1 98.5 98.9
96.8 97.0 97.3 97.6 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.3
92.6 92.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 91.8 91.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00071 TABLE 71 Item Unit Ex. 148 Ex. 149 Ex. 150 Ex. 151
Ex. 152 Ex. 153 Ex. 154 Ex. 155 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 99.1
97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.8
90.2 89.6 89.6 89.4 89.0 88.6 88.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00072 TABLE 72 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 156 Ex. 157
Ex. 158 Ex. 159 Ex. 160 Ex. 88 Ex. 89 Ex. 90 HFO-1132(E) Mass %
35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0
45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5
14.5 GWP -- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative
98.9 99.3 98.1 98.4 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 87.6 87.1 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.5 85.0 84.5 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00073 TABLE 73 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex.
91 Ex. 92 Ex. 93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass %
50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.7 100.0
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 83.3 83.0 82.7 82.2 81.8
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00074 TABLE 74 Item Unit Ex. 161 Ex. 162 Ex. 163 Ex. 164
Ex. 165 Ex. 166 Ex. 167 Ex. 168 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 63.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1
38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32
Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 149 149 149
149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 94.8 95.0 95.2 95.4 95.7
95.9 96.2 96.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 111.5 111.2
110.9 110.5 110.0 109.5 108.9 108.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00075 TABLE 75 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 96 Ex. 169 Ex. 170 Ex.
171 Ex. 172 Ex. 173 Ex. 174 Ex. 175 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 58.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 96.9 95.3
95.4 95.6 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
107.7 108.7 108.5 108.1 107.7 107.2 106.7 106.1 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00076 TABLE 76 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 176 Ex. 97 Ex. 177 Ex.
178 Ex. 179 Ex. 180 Ex. 181 Ex. 182 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.0 97.4
95.7 95.9 96.1 96.3 96.6 96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
105.5 104.9 105.9 105.6 105.3 104.8 104.4 103.8 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00077 TABLE 77 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 183 Ex. 184 Ex. 98 Ex.
185 Ex. 186 Ex. 187 Ex. 188 Ex. 189 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.5
97.9 96.1 96.3 96.5 96.8 97.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
103.3 102.6 102.0 103.0 102.7 102.3 101.9 101.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00078 TABLE 78 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 190 Ex. 191 Ex. 192 Ex.
99 Ex. 193 Ex. 194 Ex. 195 Ex. 196 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0
45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.7
98.0 98.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
100.9 100.3 99.7 99.1 100.0 99.7 99.4 98.9 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00079 TABLE 79 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 197 Ex. 198 Ex. 199 Ex.
200 Ex. 100 Ex. 201 Ex. 202 Ex. 203 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
3.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 97.6 97.9
98.2 98.5 98.9 97.1 97.3 97.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
98.5 97.9 97.4 96.8 96.1 97.0 96.7 96.3 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00080 TABLE 80 Item Unit Ex. 204 Ex. 205 Ex. 206 Ex. 207
Ex. 208 Ex. 209 Ex. 210 Ex. 211 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1
33.1 28.1 23.1 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 97.8 98.1 98.4
98.7 99.1 97.7 97.9 98.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.9
95.4 94.9 94.4 93.8 93.9 93.6 93.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00081 TABLE 81 Item Unit Ex. 212 Ex. 213 Ex. 214 Ex. 215
Ex. 216 Ex. 217 Ex. 218 Ex. 219 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0
40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 28.1
23.1 18.1 13.1 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 98.4 98.7 99.0
99.3 98.3 98.5 98.7 99.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.9
92.4 91.9 91.3 90.8 90.5 90.2 89.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00082 TABLE 82 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 220 Ex. 221 Ex. 222 Ex.
223 Ex. 224 Ex. 225 Ex. 226 Ex. 101 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 8.1 3.1 23.1 18.1
13.1 8.1 3.1 18.1 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0
50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.3 99.6 98.9
99.1 99.3 99.6 99.9 99.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.3
88.8 87.6 87.3 87.0 86.6 86.2 84.4 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00083 TABLE 83 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 102 Ex. 103
Ex. 104 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 13.1 8.1
3.1 R1234yf Mass % 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 100.0 100.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 84.1 83.8 83.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00084 TABLE 84 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 227 Ex. 228 Ex. 229 Ex.
230 Ex. 231 Ex. 232 Ex. 233 Ex. 105 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 55.7 50.7 45.7 40.7
35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.0 96.2 96.3
96.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.2 111.9
111.6 111.2 110.7 110.2 109.6 109.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00085 TABLE 85 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 234 Ex. 235 Ex. 236 Ex.
237 Ex. 238 Ex. 239 Ex. 240 Ex. 106 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7
30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.4
96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 97.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
109.4 109.2 108.8 108.4 107.9 107.4 106.8 106.2 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00086 TABLE 86 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 241 Ex. 242 Ex. 243 Ex.
244 Ex. 245 Ex. 246 Ex. 247 Ex. 107 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 96.7 96.8
97.0 97.2 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
106.6 106.3 106.0 105.5 105.1 104.5 104.0 103.4 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00087 TABLE 87 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 248 Ex. 249 Ex. 250 Ex.
251 Ex. 252 Ex. 253 Ex. 254 Ex. 108 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7
20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 97.1 97.3
97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
103.7 103.4 103.0 102.6 102.2 101.6 101.1 100.5 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00088 TABLE 88 Item Unit Ex. 255 Ex. 256 Ex. 257 Ex. 258
Ex. 259 Ex. 260 Ex. 261 Ex. 262 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7
10.7 5.7 30.7 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
30.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 97.6 97.7 97.9
98.1 98.4 98.6 98.9 98.1 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100.7
100.4 100.1 99.7 99.2 98.7 98.2 97.7 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00089 TABLE 89 Item Unit Ex. 263 Ex. 264 Ex. 265 Ex. 266
Ex. 267 Ex. 268 Ex. 269 Ex. 270 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to 98.2 98.4 98.6
98.9 99.1 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 97.4
97.1 96.7 96.2 95.7 94.7 94.4 94.0 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00090 TABLE 90 Item Unit Ex. 271 Ex. 272 Ex. 273 Ex. 274
Ex. 275 Ex. 276 Ex. 277 Ex. 278 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.7 5.7 20.7 15.7 10.7
5.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0
45.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to 99.2 99.4 99.1
99.3 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 93.6
93.2 91.5 91.3 90.9 90.6 88.4 88.1 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00091 TABLE 91 Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 279 Ex. 280 Ex.
109 Ex. 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass %
5.7 10.7 5.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 R32 Mass % 29.3
29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative 100.0
100.3 100.4 100.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.8 85.2
85.0 82.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00092 TABLE 92 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 281 Ex. 282 Ex. 283 Ex.
284 Ex. 285 Ex. 111 Ex. 286 Ex. 287 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.9 35.9 30.9 25.9
20.9 15.9 35.9 30.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 298
298 298 298 298 298 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 97.8 97.9 97.9
98.1 98.2 98.4 98.2 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 112.5
112.3 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 109.8 109.5 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00093 TABLE 93 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 288 Ex. 289 Ex. 290 Ex.
112 Ex. 291 Ex. 292 Ex. 293 Ex. 294 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9
30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 98.3 98.5
98.6 98.8 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
109.2 108.8 108.4 108.0 107.0 106.7 106.4 106.0 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00094 TABLE 94 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 295 Ex. 113 Ex. 296 Ex.
297 Ex. 298 Ex. 299 Ex. 300 Ex. 301 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.9 5.9 25.9 20.9
15.9 10.9 5.9 20.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 99.0 99.2
99.0 99.0 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
105.6 105.2 104.1 103.9 103.6 103.2 102.8 101.2 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00095 TABLE 95 Item Unit Ex. 302 Ex. 303 Ex. 304 Ex. 305
Ex. 306 Ex. 307 Ex. 308 Ex. 309 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.9 10.9 5.9 15.9 10.9
5.9 10.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 299 299
299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 99.5 99.6 99.7
99.8 99.9 100.0 100.3 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
101.0 100.7 100.3 98.3 98.0 97.8 95.3 95.1 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00096 TABLE 96 Item Unit Ex. 400 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 GWP -- 299
COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.7 Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A) 92.3
[0676] The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity
ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:
[0677] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %, a straight line connecting
a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the
base, and the point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) is on the left side, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition
diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that
connects point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0,
-0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3);
[0678] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801);
[0679] if 18.2a<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the
ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a
straight line AB that connects point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695)
and point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682);
[0680] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714); and
[0681] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05).
[0682] Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85%
or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in
FIG. 4, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when
coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB,
the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or
more.
[0683] Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition
diagram, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or
on the left side of, a straight line D'C that connects point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6) and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0); or if 11.1<a.ltoreq.46.7, when coordinates are in the
entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or
more.
[0684] In FIG. 4, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved
line CD. In FIG. 4, an approximate line formed by connecting three
points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5,
70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of
R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line
that connects point C and point D' (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the
intersection of the approximate line and a point where the
concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line
segment D'C. In FIG. 5, point D'(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly
obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C
(18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where
the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C
and point D' was defined as the straight line D'C.
[0685] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database
REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage,
Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0686] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured
according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF
having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be
classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0687] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 2 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0688] The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.
TABLE-US-00097 TABLE 97 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 6 Ex. 13 Ex. 19 Ex. 24 Ex. 29 Ex. 34 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %
72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4
33.2 32.7 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1
14.5 18.2 21.9 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00098 TABLE 98 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 39
Ex. 45 Ex. 51 Ex. 57 Ex. 62 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32
30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf Mass % 0 0 0
0 0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s
10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00099 TABLE 99 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 7 Ex. 14 Ex. 20 Ex. 25 Ex. 30 Ex. 35 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %
72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0
R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
10
TABLE-US-00100 TABLE 100 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 40
Ex. 46 Ex. 52 Ex. 58 Ex. 63 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32
30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9
21.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00101 TABLE 101 Item Comp. Ex. 8 Comp. Ex. 15 Comp. Ex. 21
Comp. Ex. 26 Comp. Ex. 31 Comp. Ex. 36 WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 47.1
40.5 37.0 34.3 32.0 30.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.2 49.8
47.8 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1
14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that results Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping -40.degree.
C., Shipping -40.degree. C., Shipping -40.degree. C., Shipping
-40.degree. C., Shipping -40.degree. C., Shipping -40.degree. C.,
92% release, 92% release, 92% release, 92% release, 92% release,
92% release, liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase
liquid phase liquid phase side side side side side side WCFF
HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 72.0 62.4 56.2 50.6 45.1 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass %
28.0 31.6 33.0 33.4 32.5 30.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 0.0
0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 50.9 10.8 16.0 22.4 29.5 Burning velocity cm/s 8
or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF)
Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00102 TABLE 102 Item Comp. Ex. 41 Comp. Ex. 47 Comp. Ex.
53 Comp. Ex. 59 Comp. Ex. 64 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.1 28.8 29.3
29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 Mass % 44.2 41.9 34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf Mass %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak
condition that results Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
in WCFF Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 92%
release, C., 92% release, C., 92% release, C., 90% release, C., 86%
release, liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase gas phase gas phase
side side side side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 34.6 32.2 27.7
28.3 27.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 26.5 23.9 17.5 18.2 16.7 R1234yf Mass %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 38.9 43.9 54.8 53.5 55.8 Burning
velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8.3 9.3 9.6 (WCF) Burning
velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00103 TABLE 103 Item Comp. Ex. 9 Comp. Ex. 16 Comp. Ex. 22
Comp. Ex. 27 Comp. Ex. 32 Comp. Ex. 37 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 61.7
47.0 41.0 36.5 32.5 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.6 4.0 2.4
R1234yf Mass % 32.4 38.7 41.4 43.4 45.3 46.9 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that results Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 0% release, C., 0%
release, C., 0% release, C., 92% release, C., 0% release, C., 0%
release, gas phase gas phase gas phase liquid gas phase gas phase
side side side phase side side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0
56.2 50.4 46.0 42.4 39.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 12.6 11.4 10.1 7.4
4.4 R1234yf Mass % 17.5 20.4 21.8 22.9 24.3 25.7 R32 Mass % 0.0
10.8 16.3 21.0 25.9 30.8 Burning velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less
8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s
10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00104 TABLE 104 Item Comp. Ex. 42 Comp. Ex. 48 Comp. Ex.
54 Comp. Ex. 60 Comp. Ex. 65 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 24.3 22.5
21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5
46.4 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak
conditions that results Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ in WCFF Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 0%
release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0%
release, gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase side
side side side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.3 34.3 31.3 29.1
28.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 27.4 26.2
23.1 19.8 18.2 R32 Mass % 37.3 39.6 45.6 51.1 53.7 Burning velocity
cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF)
Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0689] The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following
cases:
[0690] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass
% and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a
point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or
below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and
point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0);
if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273);
if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014);
and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0) and point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098).
[0691] Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point
I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following
five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were
obtained.
TABLE-US-00105 TABLE 105 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8
55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4
33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.026a.sup.2 - 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a.sup.2 - 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a.sup.2 - 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123
-0.026a.sup.2 + 0.7478a + 28.0 -0.02a.sup.2 + 0.6013a + 28.895
-0.0135a.sup.2 + 0.4068a + 30.273 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 31.5 30.7 27.6
27.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0111a2 -
1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.9918a + 63.902 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 -0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 -0.0061a.sup.2 -
0.0082a + 36.098 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0 Approximate
expression
TABLE-US-00106 TABLE 106 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8
55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf
28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.026a.sup.2 - 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a.sup.2 - 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a.sup.2 - 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0
0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.026a.sup.2 + 0.7478a + 28.0
-0.02a.sup.2 + 0.6013a + 28.895 -0.0135a.sup.2 + 0.4068a + 30.273
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0
R1234yf 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.6 23.5 21.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a.sup.2 - 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.9918a + 63.902
Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf
-0.0111a.sup.2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 -0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.0082a + 36.098
Approximate expression
[0692] The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the
refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and
the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is
"2L (flammability)" in the following cases:
[0693] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % and a straight
line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in
the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK'
that connects point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point
K'(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates
are on a straight line JK' that connects point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0)
and point K'(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636, -0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line
JK' that connects point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493, -0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507,
0.0) and point K' (-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0,
0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0)
and point K'(-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).
[0694] Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved
line that connects point J and point K' (on the straight line AB)
in FIG. 4 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly,
when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK', WCFF lower
flammability is achieved.
[0695] Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point
K' (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following
five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were
obtained.
TABLE-US-00107 TABLE 107 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 47.1 40.5 37
37.0 34.3 32.0 32.0 30.3 29.1 HFO-1123 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.9 51.2
49.8 49.8 47.8 44.2 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0049a.sup.2 - 0.9645a + 47.1 0.0243a.sup.2 - 1.4161a + 49.725
0.0246a.sup.2 - 1.4476a + 50.184 Approximate expression HFO-1123
-0.0049a.sup.2 - 0.0355a + 52.9 -0.0243a.sup.2 + 0.4161a + 50.275
-0.0246a.sup.2 + 0.4476a + 49.816 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
47.8 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.3 29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 44.2 41.9 34.0
34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0183a.sup.2 - 1.1399a + 46.493 -0.0134a.sup.2 + 1.0956a + 7.13
Approximate expression HFO-1123 -0.0183a.sup.2 + 0.1399a + 53.507
0.0134a.sup.2 - 2.0956a + 92.87 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0
Approximate expression
TABLE-US-00108 TABLE 108 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 61.7 47.0 41.0
41.0 36.5 32.5 32.5 28.8 24.8 HFO-1123 5.9 7.2 6.5 6.5 5.6 4.0 4.0
2.4 0 R1234yf 32.4 38.7 41.4 41.4 43.4 45.3 45.3 46.9 48.5 R32 x x
x HFO-1132(E) 0.0514a.sup.2 - 2.4353a + 61.7 0.0341a.sup.2 -
2.1977a + 61.187 0.0196a.sup.2 - 1.7863a + 58.515 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 -0.0323a.sup.2 + 0.4122a + 5.9 -0.0236a.sup.2 +
0.34a + 5.636 -0.0079a.sup.2 - 0.1136a + 8.702 Approximate
expression R1234yf -0.0191a.sup.2 + 1.0231a + 32.4 -0.0105a.sup.2 +
0.8577a + 33.177 -0.0117a.sup.2 + 0.8999a + 32.783 Approximate
expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7 .gtoreq. R32
.gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 24.8
24.3 22.5 22.5 21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 48.5 46.4
40.8 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E) -0.0051a.sup.2 + 0.0929a +
25.95 -1.892a + 29.443 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0
Approximate expression R1234yf 0.0051a.sup.2 - 1.0929a + 74.05
0.892a + 70.557 Approximate expression
[0696] FIGS. 4 to 14 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %)
is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %,
21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %,
and 47.8 mass %, respectively.
[0697] Points A, B, C, and D' were obtained in the following manner
according to approximate calculation.
[0698] Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass
%, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of
R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were
obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and
their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).
TABLE-US-00109 TABLE 109 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 68.6 55.3 48.4
48.4 42.8 37 37 31.5 24.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 31.4
37.6 40.5 40.5 42.7 44.8 44.8 46.6 48.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0134a.sup.2 - 1.9681a + 68.6 0.0112a.sup.2 - 1.9337a + 68.484
0.0107a.sup.2 - 1.9142a + 68.305 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0
0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0134a.sup.2 + 0.9681a + 31.4
-0.0112a.sup.2 + 0.9337a + 31.516 -0.0107a.sup.2 + 0.9142a + 31.695
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 24.8 21.3 12.1 12.1 3.8 0 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf
48.5 49.4 51.2 51.2 52.1 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0103a.sup.2 -
1.9225a + 68.793 0.0085a.sup.2 - 1.8102a + 67.1 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf
-0.0103a.sup.2 + 0.9225a + 31.207 -0.0085a.sup.2 + 0.8102a + 32.9
Approximate expression
[0699] Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that
of R410A is achieved.
[0700] Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each
of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate
expressions were obtained (Table 110).
TABLE-US-00110 TABLE 110 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 HFO-1123 58.7 47.8 42.3 42.3 37.8 33.1 33.1 28.5 22.9 R1234yf
41.3 45.1 46.6 46.6 47.7 48.7 48.7 49.6 50.4 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0 0 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0144a.sup.2 - 1.6377a +
58.7 0.0075a.sup.2 - 1.5156a + 58.199 0.009a.sup.2 - 1.6045a +
59.318 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0144a.sup.2 + 0.6377a +
41.3 -0.0075a.sup.2 + 0.5156a + 41.801 -0.009a.sup.2 + 0.6045a +
40.682 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 HFO-1123 22.9 19.9 11.7 11.8 3.9 0 R1234yf
50.4 50.8 51.6 51.5 52.0 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0 0 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0.0046a.sup.2 - 1.41a + 57.286 0.0012a.sup.2 -
1.1659a + 52.95 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0046a.sup.2 +
0.41a + 42.714 -0.0012a.sup.2 + 0.1659a + 47.05 Approximate
expression
[0701] Point D' is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is
achieved.
[0702] Three points corresponding to point D' were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 111).
TABLE-US-00111 TABLE 111 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1
11.1 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 HFO-1123 75.4 83.4 88.9 R1234yf 24.6 9.5 0
R32 a HFO-1132(E) 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0224a.sup.2 +
0.968a + 75.4 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0224a.sup.2 -
1.968a + 24.6 Approximate expression
[0703] Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %,
and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
[0704] Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 112).
TABLE-US-00112 TABLE 112 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1
11.1 HFO-1132(E) 32.9 18.4 0 HFO-1123 67.1 74.5 88.9 R1234yf 0 0 0
R32 a HFO-1132(E) -0.2304a.sup.2 - 0.4062a + 32.9 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0.2304a.sup.2 - 0.5938a + 67.1 Approximate
expression R1234yf 0 Approximate expression
(5-4) Refrigerant D
[0705] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0706] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of
R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L)
according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0707] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0708] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that
connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);
[0709] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0);
[0710] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and
[0711] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0712] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0713] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that
connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM);
[0714] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4);
[0715] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02);
[0716] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4);
and
[0717] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0718] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0719] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect
the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments;
[0720] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
[0721] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and
[0722] the line segment UO is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0723] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0724] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that
connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments;
[0725] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235);
[0726] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
[0727] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
[0728] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and
[0729] the line segment TL is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0730] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0731] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments;
[0732] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0733] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and
[0734] the line segment TP is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0735] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0736] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that
connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3), point f
(47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line
segments;
[0737] the line segment ac is represented by coordinates
(0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904);
[0738] the line segment fd is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and
[0739] the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0740] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0741] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that
connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9), point e
(51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line
segments;
[0742] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904);
[0743] the line segment ed is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and
[0744] the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0745] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0746] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect
the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and point j
(77.5. 18.4, 4.1), or on these line segments;
[0747] the line segment gi is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604);
and
[0748] the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability.
[0749] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0750] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect
the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and point k
(77.5, 14.6, 7.9), or on these line segments;
[0751] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604);
and
[0752] the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability.
[0753] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.
[0754] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant D)
[0755] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the
refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.
[0756] The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was
performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK
Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping,
Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The
most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0757] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 2 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show
the results.
TABLE-US-00113 TABLE 113 Comparative Example Example Example
Example 13 Example 12 Example 14 Example 16 Item Unit I 11 J 13 K
15 L WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 72 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32 28.9 R32
Mass % 0 10 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 28 32.8 33.2
31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 Burning Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
(WCF)
TABLE-US-00114 TABLE 114 Comparative Example Example Example 14
Example 19 Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 WCF HFO-1132
(E) Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0
14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.8 Leak
condition that results Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage,
Storage, in WCFF Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree.
Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree.
Shipping, -40.degree. C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0%
release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, on the gas
on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas phase side
phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side WCF HFO-1132
(E) Mass % 72.0 57.8 48.7 43.6 40.6 34.9 R32 Mass % 0.0 9.5 17.9
24.2 28.7 38.1 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.7 33.4 32.2 30.7 27.0 Burning
Velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8
or less (WCF) Burning Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00115 TABLE 115 Example 23 Example 25 Item Unit O Example
24 P WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 36.8
44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 Leak condition that results
Storage, Storage, Storage, in WCFF Shipping, -40.degree. C.,
Shipping, -40.degree. C., Shipping, -40.degree. C., 0% release, 0%
release, 0% release, on the gas on the gas on the gas phase side
phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 31.4 29.2 27.1
HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 51.1 56.4 R1234yf Mass % 23.0 19.7 16.5
Burning Velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning
Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0758] The results indicate that under the condition that the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 15 in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line
segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or
below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower
flammability.
[0759] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in
the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 15 are on the line
segments that connect point M, point M', point W, point J, point N,
and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an
ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0760] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on
the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of
performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio
relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to
144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as
described below.
[0761] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0762] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C.
[0763] Degree of superheating: 5 K
[0764] Degree of subcooling: 5 K
[0765] Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0766] Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed
[0767] refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00116 TABLE 116 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3
Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A'
B' A'' B'' HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 81.6 0.0 63.1 0.0 48.2 0.0 R32
Mass % 18.4 18.1 36.9 36.7 51.8 51.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 81.9 0.0
63.3 0.0 48.5 GWP -- 2088 125 125 250 250 350 350 COP Ratio %
(relative 100 98.7 103.6 98.7 102.3 99.2 102.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100 105.3 62.5 109.9 77.5 112.1 87.3
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00117 TABLE 117 Comparative Comparative Example Example
Example 8 Comparative Example 10 Example 2 Example 4 Item Unit C
Example 9 C' 1 R 3 T HFO-1132(E) Mass % 85.5 66.1 52.1 37.8 25.5
16.6 8.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.6 R1234yf Mass
% 14.5 23.9 29.7 34.6 37.7 39.2 39.8 GWP -- 1 69 125 188 250 300
350 COP Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.3 99.3 99.6 100.2 100.8 101.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00118 TABLE 118 Comparative Example Example Comparative
Example Example 11 Example 6 Example 8 Example 12 Example 10 Item
Unit E 5 N 7 U G 9 V HFO-1132(E) Mass % 58.3 40.5 27.7 14.9 3.9
39.6 22.8 11.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.7 0.0 10.0 18.1
R1234yf Mass % 41.7 49.5 54.1 57.5 59.4 60.4 67.2 70.9 GWP -- 2 70
125 189 250 3 70 125 COP Ratio % (relative 100.3 100.3 100.7 101.2
101.9 101.4 101.8 102.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.0
80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00119 TABLE 119 Comparative Example Example Example
Example Example 13 Example 12 Example 14 Example 16 17 Item Unit I
11 J 13 K 15 L Q HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32.0
28.9 44.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 23.0 R1234yf
Mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 32.4 GWP -- 2 69 125 188
250 300 350 157 COP Ratio % (relative 99.9 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.6 99.8
100.1 99.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 88.4 90.9 94.2
97.7 100.5 103.3 92.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00120 TABLE 120 Comparative Example Example Example 14
Example 19 Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.5 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5
18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.9 GWP -- 2 36
70 100 125 188 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 100.9 100.9 100.8 100.7
100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 77.1 74.8 75.6 77.8 80.0
85.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00121 TABLE 121 Exam- Exam- Exam- ple 23 Exam- ple 25 ple
26 Item Unit O ple 24 P S HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 21.9
R32 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.7 39.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 38.4
GWP -- 250 300 350 270 COP Ratio %(relative 100.4 100.5 100.6 100.4
to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 91.0 95.0 99.1 92.5 Capacity
Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00122 TABLE 122 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Example 18 27 28 Example 19
Example 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
80.0 R32 Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R1234yf Mass % 85.0
75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 GWP -- 37 37 37 36 36 36 35 35
COP Ratio % (relative 103.4 102.6 101.6 100.8 100.2 99.8 99.6 99.4
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 56.4 63.3 69.5 75.2 80.5 85.4
90.1 94.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00123 TABLE 123 Comparative Comparative Example
Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 21 Example 22 29 Example 23 30 Example 24 Example 25
Example 26 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
80.0 R32 Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R1234yf
Mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 71 71 70 70
70 69 69 69 COP Ratio % (relative 103.1 102.1 101.1 100.4 99.8 99.5
99.2 99.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 61.8 68.3 74.3 79.7
84.9 89.7 94.2 98.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00124 TABLE 124 Comparative Example Comparative Example
Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 31
Example 28 32 33 Example 29 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0
25.0 15.0 5.0 GWP -- 104 104 104 103 103 103 103 102 COP Ratio %
(relative 102.7 101.6 100.7 100.0 99.5 99.2 99.0 98.9 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 66.6 72.9 78.6 84.0 89.0 93.7 98.1 102.2
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00125 TABLE 125 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 32 Example 33 Example 34 Example 35 Example 36 Example
37 Example 38 Example 39 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
25.0 R1234yf Mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 65.0 GWP --
138 138 137 137 137 136 136 171 COP Ratio % (relative 102.3 101.2
100.4 99.7 99.3 99.0 98.8 101.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
71.0 77.1 82.7 88.0 92.9 97.5 101.7 75.0 Capacity Ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00126 TABLE 126 Example Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Item Unit
34 Example 40 Example 41 Example 42 Example 43 Example 44 Example
45 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 20.0
R32 Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass %
55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 50.0 GWP -- 171 171 171 170 170
170 205 205 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 100.1 99.6 99.2 98.9 98.7
101.6 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 81.0 86.6 91.7 96.5
101.0 105.2 78.9 84.8 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00127 TABLE 127 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Example Example Comparative Item Unit Example
46 Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 36 37 38 Example 50 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 GWP -- 204 204 204 204 239 238 238 238 COP
Ratio % (relative 100.0 99.5 99.1 98.8 101.4 100.6 99.9 99.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.2 95.3 100.0 104.4 82.5 88.3
93.7 98.6 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00128 TABLE 128 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 39 Example 55 Example
56 Example 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 R1234yf
Mass % 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 45.0 GWP -- 237 237 272
272 272 271 271 306 COP Ratio % (relative 99.0 98.8 101.3 100.6
99.9 99.4 99.0 101.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.2
107.5 86.0 91.7 96.9 101.8 106.3 89.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00129 TABLE 129 Example Example Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit 40 41 Example
58 Example 59 Example 60 42 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0
45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 40.0
30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 305 305 305 304 339 339 339 338 COP Ratio %
(relative 100.6 100.0 99.5 99.1 101.3 100.6 100.0 99.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 100.0 104.7 109.2 92.4 97.8 102.9
107.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00130 TABLE 130 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Example Example Example Example Item Unit Example 63
Example 64 Example 65 Example 66 43 44 45 46 HFO-1132(E) Mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 R32 Mass % 55.0 55.0 55.0
55.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 38.0
35.0 32.0 GWP -- 373 372 372 372 22 22 22 22 COP Ratio % (relative
101.4 100.7 100.1 99.6 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.3 100.6 105.6 110.2 81.7 83.2 84.6
86.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00131 TABLE 131 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 49.0 52.0 55.0 58.0 61.0 43.0 46.0 49.0 R32 Mass
% 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 42.0 39.0
36.0 33.0 48.0 45.0 42.0 GWP -- 43 43 43 43 42 63 63 63 COP Ratio %
(relative 100.2 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.7 100.3 100.1 99.9 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 80.9 82.4 83.9 85.4 86.8 80.4 82.0 83.5
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00132 TABLE 132 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.0 55.0 58.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 50.0 R32 Mass
% 9.0 9.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 R1234yf Mass % 39.0 36.0
33.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 GWP -- 63 63 63 83 83 83 83 83 COP
Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.7 99.6 100.3 100.1 100.0 99.8 99.7 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 86.5 87.9 80.4 82.0 83.5 85.1
86.6 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00133 TABLE 133 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 53.0 33.0 36.0 39.0 42.0 45.0 48.0 51.0 R32 Mass
% 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 52.0
49.0 46.0 43.0 40.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 83 104 104 103 103 103 103 103
COP Ratio % (relative 99.6 100.5 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.7 99.6 99.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 80.3 81.9 83.5 85.0 86.5 88.0
89.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00134 TABLE 134 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 36.0 R32 Mass
% 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 53.0 50.0
47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 61.0 GWP -- 124 124 124 124 124 123 123 23
COP Ratio % (relative 100.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 99.6 99.5 101.3
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.6 82.2 83.8 85.4 86.9 88.4
89.9 71.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00135 TABLE 135 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 39.0 42.0 30.0 33.0 36.0 26.0 29.0 32.0 R32 Mass
% 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 58.0 55.0 64.0
61.0 58.0 65.0 62.0 59.0 GWP -- 23 23 43 43 43 64 64 63 COP Ratio %
(relative 101.1 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.0 101.6 101.3 101.1 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 72.7 74.4 70.5 72.2 73.9 71.0 72.8 74.5
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00136 TABLE 136 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 R32 Mass
% 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 67.0 64.0
61.0 58.0 69.0 66.0 63.0 60.0 GWP -- 84 84 84 84 104 104 104 104
COP Ratio % (relative 101.8 101.5 101.2 101.0 102.1 101.8 101.4
101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 70.8 72.6 74.3 76.0 70.4
72.3 74.0 75.8 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00137 TABLE 137 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 28.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 25.0 R32 Mass
% 15.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 21.0 R1234yf Mass % 57.0 70.0
67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 55.0 54.0 GWP -- 104 124 124 124 124 124 124
144 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 102.2 101.9 101.6 101.3 101.0 100.7
100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 77.5 70.5 72.4 74.2 76.0
77.7 79.4 80.7 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00138 TABLE 138 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 17.0 20.0 23.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 R32 Mass
% 24.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 52.0
56.0 53.0 50.0 57.0 54.0 51.0 GWP -- 164 164 185 185 184 205 205
205 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 100.6 101.1 100.8 100.6 101.3 101.0
100.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.8 82.5 80.8 82.5 84.2
80.7 82.5 84.2 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00139 TABLE 139 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 8.0 12.0 R32 Mass %
30.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 36.0 36.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.0 58.0
55.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 56.0 52.0 GWP -- 205 225 225 225 225 225 245
245 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 101.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 100.5 101.6
101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.9 80.5 82.3 84.1 85.8
87.5 82.0 84.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00140 TABLE 140 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 18.0 21.0 42.0 39.0 34.0 37.0 30.0 R32 Mass
% 36.0 36.0 36.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 31.0 34.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.0 46.0
43.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 32.0 36.0 GWP -- 245 245 245 170 191 211 211
231 COP Ratio % (relative 101.0 100.7 100.5 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.6
99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.2 87.9 89.6 92.7 93.4
93.0 94.5 93.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00141 TABLE 141 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 33.0 36.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 23.0 26.0 R32 Mass
% 34.0 34.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 40.0 40.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 30.0
39.0 36.0 33.0 30.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 231 231 252 251 251 251 272
272 COP Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 100.4
100.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.5 96.0 91.9 93.4 95.0
96.5 93.3 94.9 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00142 TABLE 142 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 18.0 R32 Mass
% 40.0 40.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 46.0 R1234yf Mass % 31.0 28.0
38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 26.0 36.0 GWP -- 272 271 292 292 292 292 292
312 COP Ratio % (relative 100.0 99.8 100.6 100.4 100.2 100.1 99.9
100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.4 97.9 93.1 94.7 96.2
97.8 99.3 94.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00143 TABLE 143 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 23.0 26.0 29.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 R32 Mass
% 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 31.0
28.0 25.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 GWP -- 312 312 312 312 332 332 332
332 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 100.4 100.2 100.0 101.1 100.9 100.7
100.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.0 97.0 98.6 100.1 93.5
95.1 96.7 98.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00144 TABLE 144 Item Unit Example 151 Example 152
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 28.0 R32 Mass % 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass %
26.0 23.0 GWP -- 332 332 COP Ratio %(relative 100.3 100.1 to R410A)
Refrigerating %(relative 99.8 101.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
[0768] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the
following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),
[0769] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0),
[0770] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7), and
[0771] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the
refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more
relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0772] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that connect
the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM),
[0773] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4),
[0774] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02),
[0775] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4),
and
[0776] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the
refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a
GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0777] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the
following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments,
[0778] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488),
[0779] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365),
and
[0780] the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0781] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the
following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments,
[0782] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235),
[0783] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
[0784] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512),
[0785] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324),
and
[0786] the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
a WCF lower flammability.
[0787] The results further indicate that under the condition that
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the
following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments,
[0788] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9),
[0789] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
and
[0790] the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
(5-5) Refrigerant E
[0791] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32).
[0792] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that
of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.
[0793] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0794] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GI);
[0795] the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0796] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0797] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0798] the line segments KB' and GI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93%
or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0799] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0800] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that
connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
[0801] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0802] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0803] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93%
or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0804] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0805] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GM);
[0806] the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0807] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0808] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0809] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or
less.
[0810] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0811] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that
connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
[0812] the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0813] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
[0814] the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0815] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0816] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T
(34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments;
[0817] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z),
[0818] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0819] the line segment PS is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or
less.
[0820] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0821] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and UQ that
connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D
(0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment B''D);
[0822] the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z),
[0823] the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and
[0824] the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or
less.
[0825] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0826] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'e', e'a', and
a'O that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d'
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), point e' (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments c'd', d'e', and e'a' (excluding
the points c' and a');
[0827] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
[0828] the line segment d'e' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0535z.sup.2+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z.sup.2+0.6771z+46.043, z),
and
[0829] the line segments Oc', e'a', and a'O are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0830] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0831] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea', and a'O
that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d
(76.3, 14.2, 9.5), point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments cd, de, and ea' (excluding the
points c and a');
[0832] the line segment cde is represented by coordinates
(-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z),
and
[0833] the line segments Oc, ea', and a'O are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0834] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0835] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'a, and aO that
connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d'
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line
segments c'd' and d'a (excluding the points c' and a);
[0836] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
and
[0837] the line segments Oc', d'a, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0838] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0839] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d
(76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line
segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);
[0840] the line segment cd is represented by coordinates
(-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z),
and
[0841] the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0842] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0843] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant E)
[0844] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the
refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.
[0845] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145
and 146.
[0846] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0
under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and
recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most
flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0847] For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the
burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition
are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is
classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE
flammability classification.
[0848] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 2 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0849] Tables 145 and 146 show the results.
TABLE-US-00145 TABLE 145 Item Unit I J K L WCF HFO-1132(E) mass %
72.0 57.7 48.4 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 27.5 R32 mass %
0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00146 TABLE 146 Item Unit M N T P U Q WCF HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 38.5 34.8 31.8 28.7 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 51.0 49.8
41.2 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 30.1 37.0 Leak condition
that results Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage,
in WCFF Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. C., 92%, release, C., 92%, release, C., 92%, release,
C., 92%, release, C., 92%, release, C., 92%, release, on the liquid
on the liquid on the liquid on the liquid on the liquid on the
liquid phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side phase
side WCFF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 58.9 51.5 44.6 31.4 27.1 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 32.4 33.1 32.6 23.2 18.3 R32 mass % 0.0 8.7 15.4 22.8
45.4 54.6 Burning velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
10 (WCFF)
[0850] The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the
following 3 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and point L
(35.5, 27.5, 37.0); the line segment IK is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.00, z), and the line segment KL is
represented by coordinates (0.0098z.sup.2-1.238z+67.852,
-0.0098z.sup.2+0.238z+32.148, z), it can be determined that the
refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.
[0851] For the points on the line segment 1K, an approximate curve
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points,
i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2,
18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
y=100-z-x=-0.00922z.sup.2+0.2114z+32.443, z).
[0852] Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an
approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4,
33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5,
37.0) by using the least-square method to determine
coordinates.
[0853] The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the
following 3 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and point Q
(28.6, 34.4, 37.0), it can be determined that the refrigerant has
ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0854] In the above, the line segment MP is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867,
z).
[0855] For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve
was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using
the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on
the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three
points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method
to determine coordinates.
[0856] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
[0857] The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be
referred to as "cooling capacity" or "capacity") ratio relative to
those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The
conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5K Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0858] Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00147 TABLE 147 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3
Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A'
B' A'' B'' HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 0.0
HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 R32 mass % 9.5 9.5 18.4
18.4 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 2088 65 65 125 125 250 250 COP ratio %
(relative 100 99.1 92.0 98.7 93.4 98.7 96.1 to R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 100 102.2 111.6 105.3 113.7 110.0 115.4 capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE-US-00148 TABLE 148 Comparative Comparative Example
Comparative Example 8 Example 9 Comparative 1 Example Example 11
Item Unit O C Example 10 U 2 D HFO-1132(E) mass % 100.0 50.0 41.1
28.7 15.2 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 31.6 34.6 41.2 52.7 67.0 R32 mass
% 0.0 18.4 24.3 30.1 32.1 33.0 GWP -- 1 125 165 204 217 228 COP
ratio % (relative 99.7 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 98.3 109.9 111.7 113.5 114.8 115.4
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00149 TABLE 149 Comparative Example Example Comparative
Example 12 Comparative 3 4 Example 14 Item Unit E Example 13 T S F
HFO-1132(E) mass % 53.4 43.4 34.8 25.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 46.6
47.1 51.0 56.2 74.1 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 25.9 GWP -- 1 65
97 125 176 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.6 109.2 110.8 112.3 114.8 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00150 TABLE 150 Comparative Example Comparative Example 15
Example 6 Example Example 16 Item Unit G 5 R 7 H HFO-1132(E) mass %
38.5 31.5 23.1 16.9 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 61.5 63.5 67.4 71.1 84.2
R32 mass % 0.0 5.0 9.5 12.0 15.8 GWP -- 1 35 65 82 107 COP ratio %
(relative 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 107.0 109.1 110.9 111.9 113.2 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00151 TABLE 151 Comparative Example Example Comparative
Example 17 8 9 Comparative Example 19 Item Unit I J K Example 18 L
HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 41.1 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0
32.8 33.2 31.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 27.7 37.0 GWP -- 1 65
125 188 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.6 95.8 95.9 96.4 97.1 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 107.4 110.1 112.1 113.2
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00152 TABLE 152 Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Example 20
ple 10 ple 11 ple 12 Item Unit M N P Q HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 38.5
31.8 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 49.8 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5
18.4 37.0 GWP -- 1 65 125 250 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.1 94.7
96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 109.7 112.0 114.1
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00153 TABLE 153 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Example Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example
22 Example 23 Example 24 14 15 16 Example 25 Example 26 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 85.0
75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 COP ratio % (relative
91.7 92.2 92.9 93.7 94.6 95.6 96.7 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 110.1 109.8 109.2 108.4 107.4 106.1 104.7 103.1 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00154 TABLE 154 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Example Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example
27 Example 28 Example 29 17 18 19 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 90.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0
80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 R32 mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 35 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 COP ratio %
(relative 98.8 92.4 92.9 93.5 94.3 95.1 96.1 97.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 101.4 111.7 111.3 110.6 109.6 108.5 107.2
105.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00155 TABLE 155 Comparative Example Example Example
Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 32 20 21
22 23 24 Example 33 Example 34 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 10.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
GWP -- 68 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 COP ratio % (relative 98.0
93.1 93.6 94.2 94.9 95.6 96.5 97.4 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 104.1 112.9 112.4 111.6 110.6 109.4 108.1 106.6 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00156 TABLE 156 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 35 Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 Example
40 Example 41 Example 42 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP --
102 136 136 136 136 136 136 136 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 93.9
94.3 94.8 95.4 96.2 97.0 97.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
105.0 113.8 113.2 112.4 111.4 110.2 108.8 107.3 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00157 TABLE 157 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Example 46 Example 47 Example
48 Example 49 Example 50 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0
5.0 60.0 R32 mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 GWP --
170 170 170 170 170 170 170 203 COP ratio % (relative 94.6 94.9
95.4 96.0 96.7 97.4 98.2 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
114.4 113.8 113.0 111.9 110.7 109.4 107.9 114.8 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00158 TABLE 158 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Example Example Comparative Item Unit
Example 51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 Example 55 25 26
Example 56 HFO-1132(E) mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0
30.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 R32
mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 203 203 203
203 203 237 237 237 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 96.0 96.6 97.2 97.9
96.0 96.3 96.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.2 113.4
112.4 111.2 109.8 115.1 114.5 113.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00159 TABLE 159 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 57 Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 Example 61 Example
62 Example 63 Example 64 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0
20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 25.0 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP --
237 237 237 271 271 271 271 271 COP ratio % (relative 97.1 97.7
98.3 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
112.6 111.5 110.2 115.1 114.6 113.8 112.8 111.7 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00160 TABLE 160 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 HFO-1123
mass % 60.0 58.0 56.0 54.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 R32 mass % 2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 GWP -- 14 14 14 14 28 28 28 28 COP ratio %
(relative 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.7 107.5 107.3 107.2 108.6 108.4 108.2
108.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00161 TABLE 161 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
HFO-1132(E) mass % 43.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 27.0 HFO-1123
mass % 53.0 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 65.0 R32 mass % 4.0 6.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 GWP -- 28 41 41 41 41 41 41 55 COP ratio %
(relative 93.9 93.1 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.9 93.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.8 109.5 109.3 109.1 109.0 108.8 108.6
110.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00162 TABLE 162 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
HFO-1132(E) mass % 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 32.0 32.0 HFO-1123
mass % 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 51.0 50.0 R32 mass % 8.0 8.0
8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 17.0 18.0 GWP -- 55 55 55 55 55 55 116 122 COP
ratio % (relative 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.6 93.8 94.0 94.5 94.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 110.1 110.0 109.8 109.6 109.5 109.3 111.8
111.9 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00163 TABLE 163 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 27.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 13.0 HFO-1123
mass % 52.0 42.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 54.0 52.0 R32 mass % 18.0 31.0
33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 122 210 223 223 223 223 237
237 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 96.0 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 96.0 96.0
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.1 113.7 114.3 114.2 114.0
113.8 115.0 114.9 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00164 TABLE 164 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66
HFO-1132(E) mass % 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 HFO-1123
mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 52.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0
35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 237 237 237 237 237
250 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.5 96.2
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2
114.1 113.9 115.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00165 TABLE 165 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
HFO-1132(E) mass % 13.0 15.0 17.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 HFO-1123
mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 R32 mass % 37.0 37.0
37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 250 250 250 237 237 237 237 237 COP
ratio % (relative 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 115.0 114.9 114.7 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4
114.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00166 TABLE 166 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
HFO-1132(E) mass % 25.0 27.0 11.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 HFO-1123
mass % 40.0 38.0 52.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R32 mass % 0.0 0.0
0.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 250 250 250 250 250 250
COP ratio % (relative 96.4 96.5 96.2 96.5 96.5 96.6 96.7 96.8 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.1 113.9 115.1 114.6 114.5
114.3 114.1 114.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
[0859] The above results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and
the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the
following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A'' (63.0, 0.0, 37.0), point B''
(0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.
[0860] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.
[0861] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), point B (0.0,
90.5, 9.5), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.
[0862] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4), point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and point D
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0863] In the above, the line segment CU is represented by
coordinates (-0.0538z.sup.2+0.7888z+53.701,
0.0538z.sup.2-1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is
represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z).
[0864] The points on the line segment CU are determined from three
points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by
using the least-square method.
[0865] The points on the line segment UD are determined from three
points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the
least-square method.
[0866] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0), point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and point F
(0.0, 76.7, 23.3), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0867] In the above, the line segment ET is represented by
coordinates (-0.0547z.sup.2-0.5327z+53.4,
0.0547z.sup.2-0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is
represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z).
[0868] The points on the line segment ET are determined from three
points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the
least-square method.
[0869] The points on the line segment TF are determined from three
points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square
method.
[0870] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3), point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and point H
(0.0, 85.9, 14.1), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0871] In the above, the line segment GR is represented by
coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is
represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z).
[0872] The points on the line segment GR are determined from three
points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the
least-square method.
[0873] The points on the line segment RH are determined from three
points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the
least-square method.
[0874] In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples
8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the
concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double
bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to
deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the
refrigerant compound. The embodiments of the present disclosure
have been described, but it should be understood that
configurations and details can be modified in various ways without
departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as
defined in the claims.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
[0875] 1 air conditioner (refrigeration cycle apparatus) [0876] 4
compressor [0877] 5 outdoor heat exchanger (condenser, evaporator)
[0878] 6 expansion valve (decompressing unit) [0879] 7 indoor heat
exchanger (evaporator, condenser) [0880] 10 refrigerant circuit
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0881] [PTL 1] International Publication No. 2015/141678
* * * * *