U.S. patent application number 16/913556 was filed with the patent office on 2020-10-15 for refrigeration cycle.
This patent application is currently assigned to DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. Invention is credited to Mitsushi ITANO, Ikuhiro IWATA, Daisuke KARUBE, Yuzo KOMATSU, Eiji KUMAKURA, Shun OHKUBO, Kazuhiro TAKAHASHI, Tatsuya TAKAKUWA, Takuro YAMADA, Atsushi YOSHIMI, Yuuki YOTSUMOTO.
Application Number | 20200326103 16/913556 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004938562 |
Filed Date | 2020-10-15 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200326103 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
KUMAKURA; Eiji ; et
al. |
October 15, 2020 |
REFRIGERATION CYCLE
Abstract
A refrigeration cycle is a refrigeration cycle using a mixed
refrigerant which is a flammable refrigerant and which contains at
least 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), and includes a compressor
(1), a heat-source-side heat exchanger (3), an expansion mechanism
(4), a use-side heat exchanger (2), and a decompression mechanism
(7). The decompression mechanism (7) decompresses, between an inlet
and an outlet of the heat-source-side heat exchanger (3), the mixed
refrigerant flowing through the heat-source-side heat exchanger (3)
that functions as an evaporator.
Inventors: |
KUMAKURA; Eiji; (Osaka,
JP) ; YAMADA; Takuro; (Osaka, JP) ; YOSHIMI;
Atsushi; (Osaka, JP) ; IWATA; Ikuhiro; (Osaka,
JP) ; ITANO; Mitsushi; (Osaka, JP) ; KARUBE;
Daisuke; (Osaka, JP) ; YOTSUMOTO; Yuuki;
(Osaka, JP) ; TAKAHASHI; Kazuhiro; (Osaka, JP)
; TAKAKUWA; Tatsuya; (Osaka, JP) ; KOMATSU;
Yuzo; (Osaka, JP) ; OHKUBO; Shun; (Osaka,
JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. |
Osaka |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Osaka
JP
|
Family ID: |
1000004938562 |
Appl. No.: |
16/913556 |
Filed: |
June 26, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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16954973 |
Jun 17, 2020 |
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PCT/JP2018/045336 |
Dec 10, 2018 |
|
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16913556 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25B 13/00 20130101;
F25B 9/006 20130101; F25B 2309/06 20130101; F25B 9/008
20130101 |
International
Class: |
F25B 9/00 20060101
F25B009/00; F25B 13/00 20060101 F25B013/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242183 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242185 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242186 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242187 |
Oct 5, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/037483 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038746 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038747 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038748 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038749 |
Claims
1. A refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant which is a flammable
refrigerant and which contains at least 1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), comprising: a compressor; a heat-source-side heat
exchanger; an expansion mechanism; a use-side heat exchanger; and a
decompression mechanism that decompresses, between an inlet and an
outlet of the heat-source-side heat exchanger, the mixed
refrigerant flowing through the heat-source-side heat exchanger
that functions as an evaporator.
2. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
decompression mechanism decompresses the refrigerant flowing
through the heat-source-side heat exchanger in accordance with a
temperature gradient of the refrigerant.
3. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
heat-source-side heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange
section and a second heat exchange section, and the decompression
mechanism is disposed between the first heat exchange section and
the second heat exchange section.
4. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
use-side heat exchanger is disposed in a use unit, and includes a
third heat exchange section located on a front-surface side of the
use unit, and a fourth heat exchange section located on a
rear-surface side of the use unit, an upper portion of the fourth
heat exchange section is located near an upper portion of the third
heat exchange section, the third heat exchange section extends
obliquely downward from the upper portion thereof toward the
front-surface side of the use unit, the fourth heat exchange
section extends obliquely downward from the upper portion thereof
toward the rear-surface side of the use unit, and a capacity of a
refrigerant flow path of the third heat exchange section is larger
than a capacity of a refrigerant flow path of the fourth heat
exchange section.
5. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf).
6. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 5, wherein when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD,
DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points: point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), point
C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO,
and OA); the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
7. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 5, wherein when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B,
BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8 points: point G
(72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A (68.6, 0.0,
31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG); the line segment AA'
is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A'B is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment DC' is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line segment C'C is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and the line segments GI, IA, BD,
and CG are straight lines.
8. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 5, wherein when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ); the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91), the
line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
9. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 5, wherein when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the
above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD
and CJ); the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43) the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
10. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 5, wherein when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B,
BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points: point P (55.8,
42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F
(0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF); the
line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line
segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
11. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 5, wherein when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and
RP that connect the following 4 points: point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R
(49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments; the line segment
PL is represented by coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the line segment RP is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525,
-0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and the line segments LQ and QR
are straight lines.
12. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 5, wherein when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF,
FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points: point S (62.6,
28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T
(35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments, the line segment
MA' is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A'B is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment FT is represented by
coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line segment TS is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and the line segments SM and BF are
straight lines.
13. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-132(E)) and
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprises
62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire
refrigerant.
14. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprises
45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire
refrigerant.
15. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that connect the
following 6 points: point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point
A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'(0.0,
0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G, point I,
point A, point B, point D', and point C); if 11.1<a<18.2,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within
the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW,
and WG that connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W); if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273), point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W); if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014), point A
(0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, -0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286,
-0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W).
16. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that connect the
following 5 points: point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0), point K'
(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point
D'(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point
J, point B, point D', and point C); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within
the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BW,
and WJ that connect the following 4 points: point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K'(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187, -0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,
-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); if
26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and if
36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K'(-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and
AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
17. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN,
NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0,
28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line segments (excluding the
points on the line segment EI; the line segment I is represented by
coordinates (0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y,
-0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0); the line segment NE is represented by
coordinates (0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y,
-0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and the line segments JN and EI are
straight lines.
18. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N,
NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points: point M (52.6,
0.0, 47.4), point M'(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on
these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4); the line
segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02); the
line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4); and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
19. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU,
and UO that connect the following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8,
40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments; the line segment ON is represented by
coordinates (0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488); the line segment NU is represented
by coordinates (0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y,
-0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365); and the line segment UO is a
straight line.
20. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT,
TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points: point Q (44.6,
23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on
these line segments; the line segment QR is represented by
coordinates (0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y,
-0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235); the line segment RT is represented
by coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874); the line segment LK is represented
by coordinates (0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512); the line segment KQ is represented
by coordinates (0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y,
-0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324); and the line segment TL is a
straight line.
21. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST,
and TP that connect the following 3 points: point P (20.5, 51.7,
27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments; the line segment PS is represented by
coordinates (0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y,
-0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9); the line segment ST is represented by
coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874); and the line segment TP is a
straight line.
22. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG,
and GI that connect the following 6 points: point I (72.0, 28.0,
0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point
H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GI); the line segment IK is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), the line segment HR is represented
by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments KB' and GI
are straight lines.
23. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI
that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G
(38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment GI); the line segment I is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0,
z), the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
24. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32) wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG,
and GM that connect the following 6 points: point M (47.1, 52.9,
0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point
H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GM); the line segment MP is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the
line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines.
25. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM
that connect the following 4 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G
(38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment GM); the line segment MN is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
26. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that
connect the following 3 points: point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S
(25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these
line segments; the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and the
line segment PS is a straight line.
27. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein the
refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32) wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and
UQ that connect the following 4 points: point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U
(28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment B''D); the line segment DU is represented by
coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z), the line segment UQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133,
-0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z), and the line segments QB'' and
B''D are straight lines.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration cycle.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] PTL 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication
No. 57-198968) discloses a refrigeration cycle using a
nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0003] In a refrigeration cycle using a nonazeotropic mixed
refrigerant, when a refrigerant is evaporated under a constant
pressure in a heat-source-side heat exchanger, the capacity of heat
exchange is not sufficiently provided.
Solution to Problem
[0004] A refrigeration cycle according to a first aspect is a
refrigeration cycle using a mixed refrigerant which is a flammable
refrigerant and which contains at least 1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), and includes a compressor, a heat-source-side heat
exchanger, an expansion mechanism, a use-side heat exchanger, and a
decompression mechanism. The decompression mechanism decompresses,
between an inlet and an outlet of the heat-source-side heat
exchanger, the mixed refrigerant flowing through the
heat-source-side heat exchanger that functions as an
evaporator.
[0005] In this case, when the refrigerant evaporates in the
heat-source-side heat exchanger, the decompression mechanism
decreases the pressure of the refrigerant in the middle.
Accordingly, the difference in evaporation temperature between the
inlet and the outlet of the heat-source-side heat exchanger
generated when the refrigerant is evaporated under the constant
pressure can be decreased. Consequently, the capacity of heat
exchange can be ensured, and the performance of the refrigeration
cycle can be increased.
[0006] A refrigeration cycle according to a second aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to the first aspect, in which the
decompression mechanism decompresses the mixed refrigerant flowing
through the heat-source-side heat exchanger in accordance with a
temperature gradient of the mixed refrigerant.
[0007] A refrigeration cycle according to a third aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to the first aspect or the second
aspect, in which the heat-source-side heat exchanger includes a
first heat exchange section and a second heat exchange section. The
decompression mechanism is disposed between the first heat exchange
section and the second heat exchange section.
[0008] A refrigeration cycle according to a fourth aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to any one of the first aspect to the
fourth aspect, in which the use-side heat exchanger is disposed in
a use unit. The use-side heat exchanger includes a third heat
exchange section located on a front-surface side of the use unit,
and a fourth heat exchange section located on a rear-surface side
of the use unit. An upper portion of the fourth heat exchange
section is located near an upper portion of the third heat exchange
section. The third heat exchange section extends obliquely downward
from the upper portion thereof toward the front-surface side of the
use unit. The fourth heat exchange section extends obliquely
downward from the upper portion thereof toward the rear-surface
side of the use unit. A capacity of a refrigerant flow path of the
third heat exchange section is larger than a capacity of a
refrigerant flow path of the fourth heat exchange section.
[0009] In this case, the capacity of the refrigerant flow path of
the third heat exchange section located on the front-surface side
of the use unit is larger than the capacity of the refrigerant flow
path of the fourth heat exchange section. Accordingly, the third
heat exchange section having a larger capacity of the refrigerant
flow path exchanges more heat between the mixed refrigerant and the
air on the front-surface side of the use unit of which the velocity
of the air passing through the heat exchange section tends to be
high. [0010] A refrigeration cycle according to a 5th aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th
aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0011] In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange
can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP,
a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling
capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equal to those of R410A is used. [0012] A refrigeration cycle
according to a 6th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to
the 5th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123,
and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect
the following 7 points: point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O
(100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA); [0013] the line
segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0014] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0015]
the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0016]
the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
[0017] the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines. [0018]
A refrigeration cycle according to a 7th aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to the 5th aspect, wherein, when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B,
BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8 points: point G
(72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A (68.6, 0.0,
31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG); [0019] the line
segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0020] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0021]
the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0022]
the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
[0023] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0024] A refrigeration cycle according to a 8th aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to the 5th aspect, wherein, when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and R1234yf based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ); [0025] the line segment PN is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), [0026] the line segment NK is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91,
-0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91), [0027] the line segment KA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0028] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0029] the line segment DC' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0030] the line segment C'C is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and [0031] the line segments JP,
BD, and CG are straight lines. [0032] A refrigeration cycle
according to a 9th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to
the 5th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123,
and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P
(55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2,
33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C
(32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the
points on the line segments BD and CJ); [0033] the line segment PL
is represented by coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43) [0034] the line segment MA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0035] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0036] the line segment DC' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0037] the line segment C'C is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and [0038] the line segments JP,
LM, BD, and CG are straight lines. [0039] A refrigeration cycle
according to a 10th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to
the 5th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123,
and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the
following 7 points: point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9,
5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point
B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8,
44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on
the line segment BF); [0040] the line segment PL is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), [0041] the line segment MA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0042] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0043] the line segment FT is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), [0044] the line segment TP is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525,
-0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and [0045] the line segments LM
and BF are straight lines. [0046] A refrigeration cycle according
to a 11th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the 5th
aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and
R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4
points: point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point
Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above
line segments; [0047] the line segment PL is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), [0048] the line segment RP is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525,
-0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and [0049] the line segments LQ
and QR are straight lines. [0050] A refrigeration cycle according
to a 12th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the 5th
aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and
R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the
following 6 points: point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2,
33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on
the above line segments, [0051] the line segment MA' is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0052] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0053] the line segment FT is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), [0054] the line segment TS is
represented by coordinates (x, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and [0055] the line segments SM and
BF are straight lines. [0056] A refrigeration cycle according to a
13th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st
through 4th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the
entire refrigerant, and [0057] the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass
% to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
[0058] In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange
can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP,
a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling
capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability
(Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0059] A refrigeration cycle according to a 14th aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th
aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the
entire refrigerant, and [0060] the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass
% to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
[0061] In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange
can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP,
a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling
capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability
(Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
[0062] A refrigeration cycle according to a 15th aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th
aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and
difluoromethane (R32), wherein [0063] when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, [0064]
if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that connect the
following 6 points: point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point
A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'(0.0,
0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G, point I,
point A, point B, point D', and point C); [0065] if
11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0), point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); [0066]
if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); [0067]
if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
[0068] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0061a.sup.2
-0.9918a+63.902, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). [0069]
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be
increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a
refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling
capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equal to those of R410A is used. [0070] A refrigeration cycle
according to a 16th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to
any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant
comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein [0071] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in
the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0072] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points: point J
(0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point
D'(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point
J, point B, point D', and point C); [0073] if
11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point
K'(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187, -0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,
-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); [0074] if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); [0075] if
26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and [0076] if
36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K'(-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and
AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). [0077] In this
refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased
when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration
capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a
capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of
R410A is used. [0078] A refrigeration cycle according to a 17th
aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st
through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane(R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein [0079] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that
connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J
(48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3,
0.0, 41.7), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment EI; [0080] the line segment I is represented by
coordinates (0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y,
-0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0); [0081] the line segment NE is
represented by coordinates (0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y,
-0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and [0082] the line segments JN and EI
are straight lines. [0083] In this refrigeration cycle, the
capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant
having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also
be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those
of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the
standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used. [0084] A refrigeration
cycle according to a 18th aspect is the refrigeration cycle
according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the
refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, wherein [0085]
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum
in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and
GM that connect the following 5 points: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M'(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V
(11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM); [0086] the
line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4); [0087] the
line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02);
[0088] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4); and
[0089] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. [0090] In
this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be
increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a
refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling
capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with
lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE) is used. [0091] A refrigeration cycle according to a 19th
aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st
through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf, wherein [0092] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the
following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7,
18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line
segments; [0093] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y, -0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
[0094] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and [0095] the line segment UO is a straight line. [0096] In this
refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased
when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration
capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a
capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower
flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is
used. [0097] A refrigeration cycle according to a 20th aspect is
the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf, wherein [0098] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following
5 points: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K
(35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments; [0099] the line
segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235);
[0100] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
[0101] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y, -0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
[0102] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and [0103] the line segment TL is a straight line. [0104] In this
refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased
when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration
capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a
capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower
flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is
used. [0105] A refrigeration cycle according to a 21st aspect is
the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf, wherein [0106] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3
points: point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments; [0107] the
line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0108] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and [0109] the line segment TP is a straight line. [0110] In this
refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased
when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration
capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a
capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower
flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is
used. [0111] A refrigeration cycle according to a 22nd aspect is
the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein [0112] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GI that connect the following 6 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H
(0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GI); [0113] the line segment IK is
represented by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), [0114] the line segment HR is
represented by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), [0115] the line segment RG is
represented by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and [0116] the line segments KB'
and GI are straight lines. [0117] In this refrigeration cycle, the
capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant
having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance
(COP) equal to that of R410A is used. [0118] A refrigeration cycle
according to a 23rd aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to
any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein [0119] when the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that
connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J
(57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GI); [0120] the line segment I is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0,
z), [0121] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
[0122] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. [0123] In
this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be
increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is
used.
[0124] A refrigeration cycle according to a 24th aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32, wherein [0125] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the
following 6 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8,
18.4), point B'(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point
R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these
line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B'H and
GM); [0126] the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), [0127]
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0128] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
[0129] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines. [0130] In
this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be
increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
[0131] A refrigeration cycle according to a 25th aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32, wherein [0132] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4
points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point
R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM); [0133]
the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), [0134]
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
[0135] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. [0136] In
this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be
increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a
coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
[0137] A refrigeration cycle according to a 26th aspect is the
refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th
aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32, wherein [0138] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T
(34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments; [0139] the line
segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z),
[0140] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0141] the line segment PS is a straight line. [0142] In this
refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased
when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient
of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used. [0143] A
refrigeration cycle according to a 27th aspect is the refrigeration
cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the
refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, wherein
[0144] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'',
B''D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points: point Q
(28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0,
67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment B''D); [0145]
the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z),
[0146] the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and [0147] the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines.
[0148] In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange
can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP,
and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is
used.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0149] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a
flammability test.
[0150] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments
that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0151] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %.
[0152] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1
mass %).
[0153] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, K',
and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in
a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1
mass %).
[0154] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5
mass %).
[0155] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2
mass %).
[0156] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9
mass %).
[0157] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7
mass %).
[0158] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3
mass %).
[0159] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7
mass %).
[0160] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1
mass %).
[0161] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8
mass %).
[0162] FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W;
and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0163] FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments
that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.
[0164] FIG. 16 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a
refrigeration cycle according to a first embodiment.
[0165] FIG. 17 is a vertical sectional view of a use unit.
[0166] FIG. 18 is a Mollier diagram indicating an operating state
of the refrigeration cycle according to the first embodiment.
[0167] FIG. 19 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a
refrigeration cycle according to a second embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Definition of Terms
[0168] In the present specification, the term "refrigerant"
includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817
(International Organization for Standardization), and that are
given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of
refrigerant with "R" at the beginning; and further includes
refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such
refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given.
Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and
non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the
compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons
(HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene
(R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744),
ammonia (R717), and the like. [0169] In the present specification,
the phrase "composition comprising a refrigerant" at least includes
(1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2)
a composition that further comprises other components and that can
be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working
fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a
refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the
present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition
(2) is referred to as a "refrigerant composition" so as to
distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of
refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating
machine (3) is referred to as a "refrigeration oil-containing
working fluid" so as to distinguish it from the "refrigerant
composition." [0170] In the present specification, when the term
"alternative" is used in a context in which the first refrigerant
is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of
"alternative" means that equipment designed for operation using the
first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant
under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few
parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket,
packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment
adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the
same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant.
Embodiments of this type of "alternative" include "drop-in
alternative," "nearly drop-in alternative," and "retrofit," in the
order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for
replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is
smaller. [0171] The term "alternative" also includes a second type
of "alternative," which means that equipment designed for operation
using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the
existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second
refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is
achieved with an alternative refrigerant. [0172] In the present
specification, the term "refrigerating machine" refers to machines
in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its
temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain
a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to
conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work,
and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from
where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.
[0173] In the present specification, a refrigerant having a "WCF
lower flammability" means that the most flammable composition
(worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning
velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a
refrigerant having "ASHRAE lower flammability" means that the
burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable
fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability:
WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during
storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF,
has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability
classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is
determined to classified as be "Class 2L." [0174] In the present
specification, a refrigerant having an "RCL of x % or more" means
that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL),
calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013,
of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in
consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing the
risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed
space where humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance
with the ASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest
concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the
oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration
limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with
sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard. [0175] In
the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolute
value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end
temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing
the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of
a refrigerant system.
(2) Refrigerant
(2-1) Refrigerant Component
[0176] Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A,
refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E,
details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used
as the refrigerant.
(2-2) Use of refrigerant
[0177] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be
preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
[0178] The composition according to the present disclosure is
suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant
such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22
etc.
(3) Refrigerant Composition
[0179] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be
further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a
working fluid for a refrigerating machine. [0180] The refrigerant
composition according to the present disclosure further comprises
at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of
the following other components, if necessary. As described above,
when the refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine,
it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration
oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise
a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure, the content of the
refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is
preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
(3-1) Water
[0180] [0181] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content
of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less
based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained
in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the
molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present
in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated
fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the
stability of the refrigerant composition.
(3-2) Tracer
[0181] [0182] A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration
such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted,
contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the
changes. [0183] The refrigerant composition according to the
present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more
tracers. [0184] The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably
selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that
cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the
present disclosure is selected as the tracer. [0185] Examples of
tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons,
chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated
hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons,
fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols,
aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N20). The tracer is
particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a
hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a
hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether. [0186] The
following compounds are preferable as the tracer. FC-14
(tetrafluoromethane, CF.sub.4) HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH.sub.3Cl)
HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF.sub.3) HFC-41 (fluoromethane,
CH.sub.3Cl) HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF.sub.3CHF.sub.2) HFC-134a
(1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-134
(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-143a
(1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.3) HFC-143
(1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CH.sub.2F) HFC-152a
(1,1-difluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CH.sub.3) HFC-152
(1,2-difluoroethane, CHFCH.sub.2F) HFC-161 (fluoroethane,
CH.sub.3CH.sub.2F) HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane,
CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2) HFC-236fa
(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CF.sub.3) HFC-236ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCHF.sub.2) HFC-227ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCF.sub.3) HCFC-22
(chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF.sub.2) HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane,
CH.sub.2ClF) CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF.sub.2.dbd.CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCHF.sub.2)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.3)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether,
CF.sub.3OCHFCF.sub.3) HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl
ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3)
[0187] The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant
composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million
(ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present
in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30
ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is
present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300
ppm.
(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye
[0188] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or
two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes. [0189] The ultraviolet
fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from
commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes. [0190] Examples of
ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin,
anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene,
fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent
dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or
both.
(3-4) Stabilizer
[0190] [0191] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more
stabilizers. [0192] The stabilizer is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers. [0193] Examples
of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines. [0194]
Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such
as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such
as nitro benzene and nitro styrene. [0195] Examples of ethers
include 1,4-dioxane. [0196] Examples of amines include
2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine. [0197] Examples
of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.
[0198] The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the
content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more
preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor
[0198] [0199] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two
or more polymerization inhibitors. [0200] The polymerization
inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from
commonly used polymerization inhibitors. [0201] Examples of
polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol,
hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol,
2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole. [0202] The content
of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the
content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5
mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire
refrigerant.
(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid
[0202] [0203] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid
according to the present disclosure comprises at least the
refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a
refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration
oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is
obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a
refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant
composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid
generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
(4-1) Refrigeration Oil
[0203] [0204] The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this
case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of
increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of
the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
[0205] The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for
example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of
polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl
ethers (PVE). [0206] The refrigeration oil may further contain
additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least
one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants,
extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper
deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.
[0207] A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400
cSt at 40.degree. C. is preferable from the standpoint of
lubrication. [0208] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid
according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain
at least one additive. Examples of additives include
compatibilizing agents described below.
(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent
[0208] [0209] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid
according to the present disclosure may comprise a single
compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.
[0210] The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents. [0211]
Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol
ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones,
aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The
compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene
glycol ether.
(5) Various Refrigerants
[0212] Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the
refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in
detail.
[0213] In addition, each description of the following refrigerant
A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E
is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line
segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative
examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A,
the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the
refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant
A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different
embodiment from each other.
(5-1) Refrigerant A
[0214] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf). [0215] The refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has various properties that are
desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a
refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are
equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP. [0216]
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally
further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following
requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties
desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a
refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are
equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0216] [0217] Preferable refrigerant A is as follows: [0218] When
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum
in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD,
DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points: point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the
above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO); [0219]
the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0220] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3, [0221] the
line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0222]
the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
[0223] the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines. [0224]
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A. [0225] When the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum in the
refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a
refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA,
AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line segment CG); [0226] the line segment AA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0227] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0228] the line segment DC' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0229] the line segment C'C is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and [0230] the line segments GI,
IA, BD, and CG are straight lines. [0231] When the requirements
above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to
that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower
flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition
has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less). [0232] When the mass %
of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a
refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line
segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect
the following 9 points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8,
42.0, 2.2), point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D
(0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9,
67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on
the line segment CJ); [0233] the line segment PN is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), [0234] the line segment NK is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91,
-0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91), [0235] the line segment KA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0236] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0237] the line segment DC' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0238] the line segment C'C is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and [0239] the line segments JP,
BD, and CG are straight lines. [0240] When the requirements above
are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to
that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF
composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10
cm/s or less). [0241] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC',
C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points: point J (47.1,
52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C'(19.5, 70.5,
10.0), and point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments
(excluding the points on the line segment CJ); [0242] the line
segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0243] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0244] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0245]
the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), [0246]
the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
[0247] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0248] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has
an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more. [0249] When the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a
refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line
segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the
following 7 points: point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9,
5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point
B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8,
44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on
the line segment BF); [0250] the line segment PL is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), [0251] the line segment MA' is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), [0252] the line segment A'B is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0253] the line segment FT is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), [0254] the line segment TP is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525,
-0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and [0255] the line segments LM
and BF are straight lines. [0256] When the requirements above are
satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A;
furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0257] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect
the following 4 points: point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1,
31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3,
7.9), or on the above line segments; [0258] the line segment PL is
represented by coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), [0259] the line segment RP is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525,
-0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and [0260] the line segments LQ
and QR are straight lines. [0261] When the requirements above are
satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40
g/m.sup.3 or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation
temperature glide of 1C or less. [0262] The refrigerant A according
to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum
in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF,
FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points: point S (62.6,
28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T
(35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments, [0263] the line
segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0264] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), [0265]
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), [0266]
the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and
[0267] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines. [0268] When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more furthermore, the
refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to
that of R410A. [0269] The refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO
that connect the following 4 points: point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point o
(100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO
(excluding the points O and h); [0270] the line segment dg is
represented by coordinates (0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402), [0271] the line segment gh is
represented by coordinates (-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692,
0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and [0272] the line segments hO
and Od are straight lines. [0273] When the requirements above are
satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0274] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein [0275] when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect
the following 4 points: point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2,
55.1, 26.7), point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5,
0.0) or on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h
and i); [0276] the line segment lg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y, -0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0277] the line gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and [0278] the line segments hi and il are straight lines. [0279]
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard. [0280] The refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein [0281] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect
the following 4 points: point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point e (31.1,
42.9, 26.0), point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0,
0.0), or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points
O and f); [0282] the line segment de is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y, -0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0283] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0064z.sup.2-1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z.sup.2+0.1565z+34.499, z),
and [0284] the line segments fO and Od are straight lines. [0285]
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A. [0286] The refrigerant
A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant
wherein [0287] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and
z, [0288] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le,
ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points: point l (72.5,
10.2, 17.3), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0),
and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line segments le, ef, and
il (excluding the points f and i); [0289] the line segment le is
represented by coordinates (0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402), [0290] the line segment ef is
represented by coordinates (-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692,
0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and [0291] the line segments fi
and il are straight lines. [0292] When the requirements above are
satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A;
furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L)
according to the ASHRAE Standard. [0293] The refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant
wherein [0294] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and
z, [0295] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa,
ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points: point a (93.4,
0.0, 6.6), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0),
and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments Oa, ab, and
bc (excluding the points O and c); [0296] the line segment ab is
represented by coordinates (0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y,
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615), [0297] the line segment be is
represented by coordinates (-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593,
0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z), and [0298] the line segments cO
and Oa are straight lines. [0299] When the requirements above are
satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0300] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein [0301] when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, [0302] coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the
following 3 points: point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4), point b (55.6,
26.6, 17.8), and point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3), or on the line segments
kb, bj, and jk; [0303] the line segment kb is represented by
coordinates (0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y, and
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615), [0304] the line segment bj is
represented by coordinates (-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593,
0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z), and [0305] the line segment jk is
a straight line. [0306] When the requirements above are satisfied,
the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A;
furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L)
according to the ASHRAE Standard. [0307] The refrigerant according
to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional
refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as
long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this
respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total
amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or
more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the
entire refrigerant. [0308] The refrigerant according to the present
disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a
total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9
mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant. [0309] Additional
refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely
selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional
refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant A)
[0309] [0310] The present disclosure is described in more detail
below with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However,
refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples. [0311] The GWP of
R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A
(R32=50.sup.0/a/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated
in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth
report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was
assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123
(GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity
of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical
refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using
the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and
Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database
(Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions. [0312] Further, the
RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being
4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of
R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. Evaporating temperature: C Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5 K Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 700A [0313] Tables to 34 show these values
together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00001 [0313] TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Ex. 2
Ex. 3 Example 2 Example Ex. 4 Item Unit Ex. 1 O A 1 A' 3 B
HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 100.0 68.6 49.0 30.6 14.1 0.0 HFO-1123
mass % 0.0 0.0 14.9 30.0 44.8 58.7 R1234yf mass % 0.0 31.4 36.1
39.4 41.1 41.3 GWP -- 2088 1 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to
410A) 100 99.7 100.0 98.6 97.3 96.3 95.5 Refrigerating capacity
ratio % (relative to 410A) 100 98.3 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0
Condensation glide .degree. C. 0.1 0.00 1.98 3.36 4.46 5.15 5.35
Discharge pressure % (relative to 410A) 100.0 99.3 87.1 88.9 90.6
92.1 93.2 RCL g/m.sup.3 -- 30.7 37.5 44.0 52.7 64.0 78.6
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Ex.
5 Example 5 Example Ex. 6 Ex. 7 7 Ex. 8 Item Unit C 4 C' 6 D E E' F
HFO-1132(E) mass % 32.9 26.6 19.5 10.9 0.0 58.0 23.4 0.0 HFO-1123
mass % 67.1 68.4 70.5 74.1 80.4 42.0 48.5 61.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0
5.0 10.0 15.0 19.6 0.0 28.1 38.2 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 COP ratio %
(relative to 410A) 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 95.0 95.0 95.0
Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to 410A) 107.4 105.2 102.9
100.5 97.9 105.0 92.5 86.9 Condensation glide .degree. C. 0.16 0.52
0.94 1.42 1.90 0.42 3.16 4.80 Discharge pressure % (relative to
410A) 119.5 117.4 115.3 113.0 115.9 112.7 101.0 95.8 RCL g/m.sup.3
53.5 57.1 62.0 69.1 81.3 41.9 46.3 79.0
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Ex. 9 8 9 10 11 12 Item Unit J P L N N' K HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3
7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2
2 COP ratio % (relative to 410A) 93.8 95.0 96.1 97.9 99.1 99.5
Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to 410A) 106.2 104.1 101.6
95.0 88.2 85.0 Condensation glide .degree. C. 0.31 0.57 0.81 1.41
2.11 2.51 Discharge pressure % (relative to 410A) 115.8 111.9 107.8
99.0 91.2 87.7 RCL g/m3 46.2 42.6 40.0 38.0 38.7 39.7
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S' T
HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.8 49.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass
% 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9 R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9
9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP -- 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 99.4
96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.6
85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 0.81 2.58 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.55 2.07 glide
Discharge % (relative 107.8 87.9 106.0 109.6 105.0 105.0 105.0
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 40.0 40.0 40.0 44.8 40.0 44.4
50.8
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comp. Example Example Ex. 10 20 21 Item Unit
G H I HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 14.0
0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 14.0 28.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative
96.6 98.2 99.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 95.1 86.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.46 1.27 1.71
glide Discharge % (relative 108.4 98.7 88.6 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 37.4 37.0 36.6
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Comp. Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 11 Ex. 12 22 23 24 25 26 Ex. 13
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 91.4 92.0 92.8 93.7 94.7 95.8 96.9 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.7 105.5 105.0 104.3 103.3 102.0 100.6
99.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.40 0.46
0.55 0.66 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.67 glide Discharge % (relative 120.1
118.7 116.7 114.3 111.6 108.7 105.6 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 71.0 61.9 54.9 49.3 44.8 41.0 37.8 35.1
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ex. 15
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 91.9 92.5 93.3 94.3 95.3 96.4 97.5 98.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 103.2 102.9 102.4 101.5 100.5 99.2 97.8
96.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.87 0.94
1.03 1.12 1.18 1.18 1.09 0.88 glide Discharge % (relative 116.7
115.2 113.2 110.8 108.1 105.2 102.1 99.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 70.5 61.6 54.6 49.1 44.6 40.8 37.7 35.0
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Comp. Example Example Example Example
Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 16 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ex. 17
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 92.4 93.1 93.9 94.8 95.9 97.0 98.1 99.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.5 100.2 99.6 98.7 97.7 96.4 94.9 93.2
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.41 1.49 1.56
1.62 1.63 1.55 1.37 1.05 glide Discharge % (relative 113.1 111.6
109.6 107.2 104.5 101.6 98.6 95.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
70.0 61.2 54.4 48.9 44.4 40.7 37.5 34.8
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0
40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.0 93.7 94.5 95.5
96.5 97.6 98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 97.7 97.4 96.8
95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.03 2.09 2.13 2.14 2.07 1.91 1.61 glide Discharge % (relative
109.4 107.9 105.9 103.5 100.8 98.0 95.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.6 60.9 54.1 48.7 44.2 40.5 37.4
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Item Unit 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.6 94.3 95.2 96.1
97.2 98.2 99.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.8 94.5 93.8
92.9 91.8 90.4 88.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 2.71 2.74 2.73 2.66 2.50 2.22 1.78 glide Discharge % (relative
105.5 104.0 102.1 99.7 97.1 94.3 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 69.1 60.5 53.8 48.4 44.0 40.4 37.3
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Item Unit 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.8 97.8 98.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.7 87.3 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.46 3.43 3.35 3.18 2.90
2.47 glide Discharge % (relative 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.3 90.6
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.2 43.9 40.2
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Example Example Example Example Example
Comp. Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 Ex. 18 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0
R1234yf mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP
ratio % (relative 95.0 95.8 96.6 97.5 98.5 99.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.9 88.5 87.8 86.8 85.6 84.1 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 4.24 4.15 3.96 3.67 3.24
2.64 glide Discharge % (relative 97.6 96.1 94.2 92.0 89.5 86.8
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.2 59.8 53.2 48.0 43.7 40.1
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Example Example Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit
64 65 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 40.0
40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.9
96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.8 85.4
84.7 83.6 82.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 glide Discharge % (relative 93.5 92.1 90.3
88.1 85.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 67.8 59.5 53.0 47.8
43.5
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 41.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 41.0 39.0 37.0 35.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio %
(relative 95.1 95.3 95.6 96.0 95.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.5
101.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.78 0.79
0.80 0.81 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 glide Discharge % (relative 110.5
109.9 109.3 108.1 109.7 109.1 108.5 107.9 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 43.2 42.4 41.7 40.3 43.9 43.1 42.4 41.6
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
HFO-1132(E) mass % 60.0 62.0 61.0 58.0 60.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 33.0 31.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 34.0 32.0 R1234yf mass % 7.0
7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.5 96.4 96.6 96.8 96.0 96.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.7 99.1 98.4 98.1 97.8 98.0 97.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.95 0.95 1.18
1.34 1.33 1.32 1.53 1.53 glide Discharge % (relative 107.3 106.7
104.9 104.4 103.8 103.2 104.7 104.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
40.9 40.3 40.5 41.5 40.8 40.1 43.6 42.9
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 HFO-1123
mass % 30.0 28.0 26.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 14.0
14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 96.4 96.6 96.9 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 97.5 97.2 96.9 97.3 97.1 96.8 96.6 96.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.51 1.50 1.48
1.72 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.67 glide Discharge % (relative 103.5 102.9
102.3 104.3 103.8 103.2 102.7 102.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.1 41.4 40.7 45.2 44.4 43.6 42.8 42.1
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
HFO-1132(E) mass % 58.0 60.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 16.0
16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.9 97.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.3 96.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 96.1 95.8 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 95.9 95.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.65 1.63 1.93
1.92 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 glide Discharge % (relative 101.5 100.9
104.5 103.9 103.4 102.9 102.3 101.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
41.4 40.7 47.8 46.9 46.0 45.1 44.3 43.5
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 18.0
18.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 95.1 95.3 95.7 95.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.4 95.2 94.9 94.6 96.3 96.1 95.7 95.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.86 1.83 1.80
1.77 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 glide Discharge % (relative 101.2 100.6
100.0 99.5 104.5 104.0 103.0 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
42.7 42.0 41.3 40.6 50.7 49.7 47.7 46.8
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.1 96.3 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 95.1 95.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 95.2 95.0 94.5 94.2 94.0 93.7 95.3 95.1
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.11 2.09 2.05
2.02 1.99 1.95 2.37 2.36 glide Discharge % (relative 101.9 101.4
100.3 99.7 99.2 98.6 103.4 103.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
45.9 45.0 43.4 42.7 41.9 41.2 51.7 50.6
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121
HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123
mass % 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0
22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 94.7 94.5 94.3 94.0 93.8 93.6 93.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.36 2.35 2.33
2.32 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.21 glide Discharge % (relative 102.5 102.0
101.5 101.0 100.4 99.9 99.4 98.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3
49.6 48.6 47.6 46.7 45.8 45.0 44.1 43.4
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0
22.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.9 95.2 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 93.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 94.3 94.1 93.9 93.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.18 2.14 2.09
2.04 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.58 glide Discharge % (relative 98.2 97.7 97.1
96.5 102.4 101.9 101.5 101.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 42.6
41.9 41.2 40.5 52.7 51.6 50.5 49.5
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0
24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 93.5 93.3 93.1 92.8 92.6 92.4 92.1 91.8
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.56 2.54 2.51
2.49 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.33 glide Discharge % (relative 100.5 100.0
99.5 98.9 98.4 97.9 97.3 96.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.5
47.5 46.6 45.7 44.9 44.1 43.3 42.5
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0
24.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 95.3 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.6 91.3 91.0 93.2 93.1 92.9 92.7 92.5
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.28 2.22 2.16
2.86 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 glide Discharge % (relative 96.2 95.6 95.1
101.3 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.8
41.1 40.4 53.7 52.6 51.5 50.4 49.4
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0
26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 92.3 92.1 91.9 91.6 91.4 91.2 90.9 90.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.77 2.74 2.71
2.67 2.63 2.59 2.53 2.48 glide Discharge % (relative 99.0 98.5 97.9
97.4 96.9 96.4 95.8 95.3 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.4 47.4
46.5 45.7 44.8 44.0 43.2 42.5
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123
mass % 18.0 16.0 14.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0
26.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.9 98.2 98.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.3 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 90.3 90.1 89.8 92.1 91.9 91.7 91.5 91.3
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.42 2.35 2.27
3.10 3.09 3.06 3.04 3.01 glide Discharge % (relative 94.7 94.1 93.6
99.7 99.3 98.8 98.4 97.9 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0
40.3 53.6 52.5 51.4 50.3 49.3
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169
HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123
mass % 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0
28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.7 90.4 90.2 89.9 89.7 89.4
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.98 2.94 2.90
2.85 2.80 2.75 2.68 2.62 glide Discharge % (relative 97.4 96.9 96.4
95.9 95.4 94.9 94.3 93.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 48.3 47.4
46.4 45.6 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.4
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177
HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 HFO-1123
mass % 16.0 14.0 12.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0
28.0 28.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6 96.1 96.2 96.4 96.6 97.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.1 88.8 88.5 90.7 90.5 90.3 90.1 89.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 2.54 2.46 2.38
3.32 3.30 3.26 3.22 3.14 glide Discharge % (relative 93.2 92.6 92.1
97.7 97.3 96.8 96.4 95.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0
40.3 52.4 51.3 50.2 49.2 47.3
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185
HFO-1132(E) mass % 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123
mass % 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0
30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 98.3 98.5 98.7 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.4 89.2 89.0 88.7 88.4 88.2 87.9 87.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.08 3.03 2.97
2.90 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.57 glide Discharge % (relative 94.9 94.4 93.9
93.3 92.8 92.3 91.7 91.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.4 45.5
44.7 43.9 43.1 42.3 41.6 40.9
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0
32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.2 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 89.6 89.5 89.3 89.1 88.9 88.7 88.4 88.2
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.60 3.56 3.52
3.48 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.26 glide Discharge % (relative 96.6 96.2 95.7
95.3 94.8 94.3 93.9 93.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 53.4 52.3
51.2 50.1 49.1 48.1 47.2 46.3
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 HFO-1123
mass % 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0
32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 98.5 98.7 98.9 99.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 87.7 87.5 87.2 86.9 86.6 86.3 86.0
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.20 3.12 3.04
2.96 2.87 2.77 2.66 2.55 glide Discharge % (relative 92.8 92.3 91.8
91.3 90.7 90.2 89.6 89.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.4 44.6
43.8 43.0 42.3 41.5 40.8 40.2
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123
mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0
34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 96.5 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.4 88.2 88.0 87.8 87.6 87.4 87.2 87.0
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.84 3.80 3.75
3.70 3.64 3.58 3.51 3.43 glide Discharge % (relative 95.0 94.6 94.2
93.7 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 53.3 52.2
51.1 50.0 49.0 48.0 47.1 46.2
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217
HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 HFO-1123
mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0
34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 98.0 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.8 96.8 96.9 97.1 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 86.7 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.6 87.2 87.0 86.8
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.36 3.27 3.18
3.08 2.97 4.08 4.03 3.97 glide Discharge % (relative 91.3 90.8 90.3
89.7 89.2 93.4 93.0 92.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.3 44.5
43.7 42.9 42.2 53.2 52.1 51.0
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225
HFO-1132(E) mass % 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 30.0 32.0 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 36.0
36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio
% (relative 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 97.1 97.2 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 86.4 86.2 85.9 85.7 85.5 85.9 85.7
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.91 3.84 3.76
3.68 3.60 3.50 4.32 4.25 glide Discharge % (relative 92.1 91.7 91.2
90.7 90.3 89.8 91.9 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 49.9 48.9
47.9 47.0 46.1 45.3 53.1 52.0
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 Item Unit Example 226 Example 227
HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass
% 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.6 85.3 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation glide .degree. C. 4.18 4.11 Discharge pressure %
(relative 91.0 90.6 to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 50.9 49.8
[0314] These results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and
OA that connect the following 7 points: point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D
(0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), point C (32.9,
67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment CO); the line
segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3, the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to
that of R410A. [0315] The point on the line segment AA' was
determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A,
Example 1, and point A' by the least square method. [0316] The
point on the line segment A'B was determined by obtaining an
approximate curve connecting point A', Example 3, and point B by
the least square method. [0317] The point on the line segment DC'
was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point
D, Example 6, and point C' by the least square method. [0318] The
point on the line segment C'C was determined by obtaining an
approximate curve connecting point C', Example 4, and point C by
the least square method. [0319] Likewise, the results indicate that
when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that
connect the following 7 points: point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A'
(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8,
38.2), point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line EO); the line segment AA' is represented by
coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A'B is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment FT is represented by
coordinates (x, 0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8,
-0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), and the line segment TE is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525,
-0.0067x.sup.2 0.2393x+36.475), and the line segments BF, FO, and
OA are straight lines, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A. [0320] The point on the line
segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve
connecting three points, i.e., points T, E', and F, by the least
square method. [0321] The point on the line segment TE was
determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three
points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.
[0322] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these
components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0,
100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or
below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40
g/m.sup.3 or more. [0323] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly
indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed
refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum
is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0)
and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0,
0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the
right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR
connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9)
or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
temperature glide of 1.degree. C. or less. [0324] The results in
Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition
diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting
a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the
base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the
point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on the line segment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3,
9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3) or on the right side of the
line segment, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or
less relative to that of 410A. [0325] In these compositions,
R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, and suppressing
deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, the composition
preferably contains R1234yf. [0326] Further, the burning velocity
of these mixed refrigerants whose mixed formulations were adjusted
to WCF concentrations was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s
or less were determined to be classified as "Class 2L (lower
flammability)." [0327] A burning velocity test was performed using
the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1,
reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a
high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a
collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers
to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity
of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of
freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed
on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the
closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature.
Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the
electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the
discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically
about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using
schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155
mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic
windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as
the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a
high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and
stored on a PC. [0328] Each WCFF concentration was obtained by
using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and
performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database
REFLEAK Version 4.0.
TABLE-US-00035 [0328] TABLE 35 Item Unit G H I WCF HFO-1132(E) mass
% 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 9.6 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0
18.4 28.0 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 Item Unit J P L N N' K WCF HFO-1132 mass %
47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 (E) HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9
16.3 7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 Leak
condition Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
that results in WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
Shipping, -40.degree. C., 92% -40.degree. C., 90% -40.degree. C.,
90% -40.degree. C., 66% -40.degree. C., 12% -40.degree. C., 0%
release, release, release, release, release, release, liquid liquid
gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase phase side phase side side
side side side WCFF HFO-1132 mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0
(E) HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 17.8 17.4 13.6 12.3 9.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0
10.2 10.6 14.4 15.7 18.2 Burning cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less
9 9 8 or less velocity (WCF) Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
velocity (WCFF)
[0329] The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed
refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains
HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their
sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability. [0330] The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that
in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass
%, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a
point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the
following 6 points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0,
2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1) point
N'(65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), the refrigerant
can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF
lower flammability. In the diagram, the line segment PN is
represented by coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), and the line segment NK is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91,
-0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91). [0331] The point on the line
segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve
connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least
square method. [0332] The point on the line segment NK was
determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three
points, i.e., points N, N', and K, by the least square method.
(5-2) Refrigerant B
[0332] [0333] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
is [0334] a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the
refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to
47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
[0335] a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a
total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire
refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1
mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant. [0336] The
refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various
properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant,
i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A,
(2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a
sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L)
according to the ASHRAE standard. [0337] When the refrigerant B
according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant
comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower
flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the present
disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of
HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower
flammability, and is determined to be "Class 2L," which is a lower
flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which
is further easier to handle. [0338] When the refrigerant B
according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more
of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of
performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the
polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further
suppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the
refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1
mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a
coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of
R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123
is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.
[0339] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more,
and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant. [0340] Such additional refrigerants are not limited,
and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed
refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or
more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant B)
[0340] [0341] The present disclosure is described in more detail
below with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the
refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples. [0342] Mixed
refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at
mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38. [0343] The GWP
of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions. Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C. Superheating temperature: 5
K Subcooling temperature: 5 K Compressor efficiency: 70% [0344] The
composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation
was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak
Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping,
Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The
most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF. [0345] Tables 1 and 2
show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated
based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are
ratios relative to R410A. [0346] The coefficient of performance
(COP) was determined by the following formula.
[0346] COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption [0347] For the flammability, the burning velocity was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF
and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were
determined to be "Class 2L (lower flammability)." [0348] A burning
velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in
the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a
purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of
freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed
on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the
closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature.
Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the
electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the
discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically
about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using
schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155
mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic
windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as
the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a
high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and
stored on a PC.
TABLE-US-00037 [0348] TABLE 37 Comparative Comparative Example 2
Comparative Example 1 HFO- Comparative Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit R410A 1132E Example 3 1 2 3 4 5 4
HFO-1132E mass % -- 100 80 72 70 68 65 62 60 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass %
0 20 28 30 32 35 38 40 (WCF) GWP -- 2088 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% 100 99.7 97.5 96.6 96.3 96.1 95.8 95.4 95.2 (relative to R410A)
Refrigerating % 100 98.3 101.9 103.1 103.4 103.8 104.1 104.5 104.8
capacity (relative ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 2.73 2.71 2.89
2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.04 3.06 pressure Burning cm/sec Non- 20 13 10
9 9 8 8 or 8 or less velocity flammable less (WCF)
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 38 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Example Example
Example Example 10 Item Unit 5 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 7 8
9 HFO-1123 HFO-1132E mass % 50 48 47.1 46.1 45.1 43 40 25 0 (WCF)
HFO-1123 mass % 50 52 52.9 53.9 54.9 57 60 75 100 (WCF) GWP -- 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % 94.1 93.9 93.8 93.7 93.6 93.4 93.1 91.9
90.6 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 105.9 106.1 106.2 106.3
106.4 106.6 106.9 107.9 108.0 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)
Discharge Mpa 3.14 3.16 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.20 3.21 3.31 3.39 pressure
Leakage test Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ -- conditions (WCFF) Shipping Shipping Shipping
Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 92% 92% 92% 92% 92%
92% 92% 90% release, release, release, release, release, release,
release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
liquid phase phase phase phase phase phase phase phase side side
side side side HFO-1132E mass % 74 73 72 71 70 67 63 38 -- (WCFF)
HFO-1123 mass % 26 27 28 29 30 33 37 62 (WCFF) Burning cm/sec 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 5
velocity less less less (WCF) Burning cm/sec 11 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.5
8.5 8 or less 8 or less velocity (WCFF) ASHRAE flammability 2 2 2L
2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L classification
[0349] The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass %
of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while
having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability.
Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to
that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass %
to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are
stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower
flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance
equivalent to that of R410A.
(5-3) Refrigerant C
[0350] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following
requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
has various properties that are desirable as an alternative
refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and
a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and
a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0350] [0351] Preferable refrigerant C is as follows: [0352] When
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, [0353] if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that connect the
following 6 points: point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point
A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'(0.0,
0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G, point I,
point A, point B, point D', and point C); [0354] if
11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0), point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); [0355]
if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); [0356]
if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
[0357] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points: point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When
the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the
above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more
relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower
flammability.
[0358] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein [0359] when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, [0360] if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that connect the
following 5 points: point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0), point K'
(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point
D'(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point
J, point B, point D', and point C); [0361] if
11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a-2.1977a+61.187, -0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,
-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); [0362] if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); [0363] if
26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and [0364] if
36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K'(-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and
AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure satisfies the above
requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more
relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF
lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified
as "Class 2L," which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to
the ASHRAE standard. [0365] When the refrigerant C according to the
present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132
(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0366] if 0<a.ltoreq.10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.02a.sup.2-2.46a+93.4, 0, -0.02a.sup.2+2.46a+6.6), point
b'(-0.008a.sup.2-1.38a+56, 0.018a.sup.2-0.53a+26.3,
-0.01a.sup.2+1.91a+17.7), point c (-0.016a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.016a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0) or on
the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c); [0367] if 10.0<a.ltoreq.16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the
ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0244a.sup.2-2.5695a+94.056, 0,
-0.0244a.sup.2+2.5695a+5.944), point b'
(0.1161a.sup.2-1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a.sup.2-0.3399a+24.8,
-0.1301a.sup.2+2.3358a+15.451), point c (-0.0161a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.0161a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c); or [0368] if 16.5<a.ltoreq.21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the
ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0161a.sup.2-2.3535a+92.742, 0,
-0.0161a.sup.2+2.3535a+7.258), point
b'(-0.0435a.sup.2-0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a.sup.2+1.8991a-0.0661,
0.0739a.sup.2-1.8556a+49.6601), point c
(-0.0161a.sup.2+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a.sup.2-0.9959a+22.149, 0),
and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines oa, ab',
and b'c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in
the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a
COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point
b' is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line
formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to
that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0369] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above
properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and
still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant. [0370] The refrigerant C according to the present
disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in
a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or
99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant. [0371]
Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be
widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional
refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant C)
[0371] [0372] The present disclosure is described in more detail
below with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the
refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples. [0373] Mixed
refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,
R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to
96. [0374] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of
R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated
in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth
report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was
assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123
(GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity
of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E)
and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions. [0375] For each of these mixed
refrigerants, the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio
relative to those of R410 were obtained. Calculation was conducted
under the following conditions. [0376] Evaporating temperature:
5.degree. C. [0377] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C. [0378]
Superheating temperature: 5 K [0379] Subcooling temperature: 5 K
[0380] Compressor efficiency: 70% [0381] Tables 39 to 96 show the
resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
[0382] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
[0382] COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 39 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 1 Item Unit Ex.
1 A B C D' G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 68.6 0.0 32.9 0.0 72.0
72.0 47.1 61.7 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 58.7 67.1 75.4 28.0 0.0 52.9 5.9
R1234yf Mass % 31.4 41.3 0.0 24.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 32.4 R32 Mass % 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 2088 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 COP ratio %
(relative to 100 100.0 95.5 92.5 93.1 96.6 99.9 93.8 99.4 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 100 85.0 85.0 107.4 95.0 103.1 86.6
106.2 85.5 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 40 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 2 Item Unit A B
C D G I J K' HFO-1132 Mass % 55.3 0.0 18.4 0.0 60.9 60.9 40.5 47.0
(E) HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 47.8 74.5 83.4 32.0 0.0 52.4 7.2 R1234yf
Mass % 37.6 45.1 0.0 9.5 0.0 32.0 0.0 38.7 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 49 49 49 50 49 50 COP ratio % 99.8
96.9 92.5 92.5 95.9 99.6 94.0 99.2 (relative to R410A)
Refrigerating % 85.0 85.0 110.5 106.0 106.5 87.7 108.9 85.5
capacity ratio (relative to R410A)
TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 41 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 16 17 18 19 20 21 Ex. 3 Item Unit A B C = D' G
I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % 48.4 0.0 0.0 55.8 55.8 37.0 41.0 HFO-1123
Mass % 0.0 42.3 88.9 33.1 0.0 51.9 6.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.5 46.6 0.0
0.0 33.1 0.0 41.4 R32 Mass % 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 GWP
-- 77 77 76 76 77 76 77 COP ratio % 99.8 97.6 92.5 95.8 99.5 94.2
99.3 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 85.0 85.0 112.0 108.0 88.6
110.2 85.4 capacity ratio (relative to R410A)
TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 42 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 22 Comp. Ex. 23 Comp.
Ex. 24 Comp. Ex. 25 26 Ex. 4 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 42.8 0.0 52.1 52.1 34.3 36.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 37.8 33.4
0.0 51.2 5.6 R1234yf Mass % 42.7 47.7 0.0 33.4 0.0 43.4 R32 Mass %
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100 100 99 100 99 100 COP
ratio % (relative to 99.9 98.1 95.8 99.5 94.4 99.5 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 109.1 89.6 111.1 85.3
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 43 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 27 Comp. Ex. 28 Comp.
Ex. 29 Comp. Ex. 30 31 Ex. 5 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 37.0 0.0 48.6 48.6 32.0 32.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 33.1 33.2
0.0 49.8 4.0 R1234yf Mass % 44.8 48.7 0.0 33.2 0.0 45.3 R32 Mass %
18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 GWP -- 125 125 124 125 124 125 COP
ratio % (relative to 100.0 98.6 95.9 99.4 94.7 99.8 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 110.1 90.8 111.9 85.2
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 44 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 32 33 Comp. Ex. 34
Comp. Ex. 35 Comp. Ex. 36 Ex. 6 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 31.5 0.0 45.4 45.4 30.3 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 28.5 32.7
0.0 47.8 2.4 R1234yf Mass % 46.6 49.6 0.0 32.7 0.0 46.9 R32 Mass %
21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150 150 149 150 149 150 COP
ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.2 99.1 96.0 99.4 95.1 100.0
Refrigerating % (relative to capacity ratio R410A) 85.0 85.0 111.0
92.1 112.6 85.1
TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 45 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 37 38 39 40 41 42 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 0.0 41.8 41.8 29.1 24.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
22.9 31.5 0.0 44.2 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5 50.4 0.0 31.5 0.0 48.5
R32 Mass % 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 GWP -- 182 182 181 182 181
182 COP ratio % (relative to 100.4 99.8 96.3 99.4 95.6 100.4 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 111.9 93.8 113.2 85.0
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00046 TABLE 46 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 43 44 45 46 47 48 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.3 0.0 40.0 40.0 28.8 24.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
19.9 30.7 0.0 41.9 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.4 50.8 0.0 30.7 0.0 46.4
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 198 199 198
200 COP ratio % (relative to 100.6 100.1 96.6 99.5 96.1 100.4
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 112.4 94.8 113.6 86.7
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00047 TABLE 47 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 49 50 51 52 53 54 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 12.1 0.0 35.7 35.7 29.3 22.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
11.7 27.6 0.0 34.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 51.2 51.6 0.0 27.6 0.0 40.8
R32 Mass % 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 GWP -- 250 250 248 249 248
250 COP ratio % (relative to 101.2 101.0 96.4 99.6 97.0 100.4
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 113.2 97.6 113.9 90.9
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00048 TABLE 48 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 55 56 57 58 59 60 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 3.8 0.0 32.0 32.0 29.4 21.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
3.9 23.9 0.0 26.5 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 52.1 52.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 34.8
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 300 300 298 299 298
299 COP ratio % (relative to 101.8 101.8 97.9 99.8 97.8 100.5
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 113.7 100.4 113.9
94.9 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00049 TABLE 49 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. 61 62 63 64 65 Item Unit A = B G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 0.0 30.4 30.4 28.9 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 21.8 0.0 23.3 0.0
R1234yf Mass % 52.2 0.0 21.8 0.0 31.8 R32 Mass % 47.8 47.8 47.8
47.8 47.8 GWP -- 325 323 324 323 324 COP ratio % (relative to 102.1
98.2 100.0 98.2 100.6 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0
113.8 101.8 113.9 96.8 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00050 TABLE 50 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 66 Ex.
7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 10 11 12 13 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 82.9 77.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 57.9
52.9 47.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass %
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP
ratio % (relative to 92.4 92.6 92.8 93.1 93.4 93.7 94.1 94.5 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 108.4 108.3 108.2 107.9 107.6 107.2
106.8 106.3 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00051 TABLE 51 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 14 15 16 17 67 18 19 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 72.9
67.9 62.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative to 95.0 95.4 95.9 96.4 96.9 93.0 93.3 93.6
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 105.8 105.2 104.5 103.9 103.1
105.7 105.5 105.2 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00052 TABLE 52 Item Unit Ex. 21 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex.
25 Ex. 26 Ex. 27 Ex. 28 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9
22.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 93.9 94.2 94.6 95.0 95.5 96.0
96.4 96.9 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 104.9 104.5 104.1
103.6 103.0 102.4 101.7 101.0 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00053 TABLE 53 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 68 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 17.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9
42.9 37.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 97.4 93.5 93.8 94.1 94.4 94.8
95.2 95.6 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 100.3 102.9 102.7
102.5 102.1 101.7 101.2 100.7 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00054 TABLE 54 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 36 37 38 39 69 40 41 42 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 62.9
57.9 52.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 96.0 96.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 94.0
94.3 94.6 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 100.1 99.5 98.9 98.1
97.4 100.1 99.9 99.6 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00055 TABLE 55 Item Unit Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex.
47 Ex. 48 Ex. 49 Ex. 50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 95.0 95.3 95.7 96.2 96.6 97.1
97.6 98.1 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 99.2 98.8 98.3 97.8
97.2 96.6 95.9 95.2 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00056 TABLE 56 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 70 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9
32.9 27.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 50 50 50 50 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 98.6 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 95.9
96.3 96.8 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 94.4 97.1 96.9 96.7
96.3 95.9 95.4 94.8 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00057 TABLE 57 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 58 59 60 61 71 62 63 64 HFO-1132(E) Mass% 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass% 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
R1234yf Mass% 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass% 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP
ratio % (relative to R410A) 97.2 97.7 98.2 98.7 99.2 95.2 95.5 95.8
Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 94.2 93.6 92.9 92.2 91.4 94.2
93.9 93.7 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00058 TABLE 58 Item Unit Ex. 65 Ex. 66 Ex. 67 Ex. 68 Ex.
69 Ex. 70 Ex. 71 Ex. 72 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass
% 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 96.2 96.6 97.0 97.4 97.9 98.3 98.8
99.3 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 93.3 92.9 92.4 91.8 91.2
90.5 89.8 89.1 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00059 TABLE 59 Item Unit Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex.
77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 Ex. 80 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.9 97.2 97.7
98.1 98.5 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 91.1 90.9 90.6 90.2
89.8 89.3 88.7 88.1 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00060 TABLE 60 Item Unit Ex. 81 Ex. 82 Ex. 83 Ex. 84 Ex.
85 Ex. 86 Ex. 87 Ex. 88 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 2.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9
17.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 99.0 99.4 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.6
98.0 98.4 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 87.4 86.7 88.0 87.8
87.5 87.1 86.6 86.1 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00061 TABLE 61 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Comp. Item Unit Ex. 72 Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78
Ex. 79 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass
% 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio %
(relative to R410A) 98.8 99.2 99.6 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.7
Refrigerating % (relative to 85.5 84.9 84.2 84.9 84.6 84.3 83.9
83.5 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00062 TABLE 62 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 80 Ex. 81
Ex. 82 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative 99.1 99.5 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 82.9 82.3 81.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00063 TABLE 63 Item Unit Ex. 89 Ex. 90 Ex. 91 Ex. 92 Ex.
93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 Ex. 96 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 70.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 14.5
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 93.7 93.9 94.1 94.4 94.7 95.0 95.4
95.8 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 110.2 110.0 109.7 109.3
108.9 108.4 107.9 107.3 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00064 TABLE 64 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 97 83 98 99 100 101 102 103 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 30.5 25.5 65.5 60.5 55.5
50.5 45.5 40.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99
99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 96.2 96.6 94.2 94.4
94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 106.6 106.0
107.5 107.3 107.0 106.6 106.1 105.6 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00065 TABLE 65 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 104 105 106 84 107 108 109 110 HF0-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HF0-1123 Mass % 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5
60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 95.9 96.3
96.7 97.1 94.6 94.8 95.1 95.4 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A)
105.1 104.5 103.8 103.1 104.7 104.5 104.1 103.7 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00066 TABLE 66 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 111 112 113 114 115 85 116 117 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5
20.5 15.5 55.5 50.5 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 95.7 96.0
96.4 96.8 97.2 97.6 95.1 95.3 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A)
103.3 102.8 102.2 101.6 101.0 100.3 101.8 101.6 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00067 TABLE 67 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 95.6 95.9
96.2 96.5 96.9 97.3 97.7 98.2 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A)
101.2 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.3 98.7 98.0 97.3 capacity ratio
TABLE-US-00068 TABLE 68 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative to 95.6 95.9 96.1 96.4
96.7 97.1 97.5 97.9 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to
98.9 98.6 98.3 97.9 97.4 96.9 96.3 95.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00069 TABLE 69 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 133 87 134 135 136 137 138 139 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative to 98.3 98.7
96.2 96.4 96.7 97.0 97.3 97.7 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 95.0 94.3 95.8 95.6 95.2 94.8 94.4 93.8 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00070 TABLE 70 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 40.5 35.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative to 98.1 98.5 98.9
96.8 97.0 97.3 97.6 97.9 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 93.3 92.6 92.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 91.8 91.3 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00071 TABLE 71 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative to 98.3 98.7 99.1
97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.6 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 90.8 90.2 89.6 89.6 89.4 89.0 88.6 88.2 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00072 TABLE 72 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. Item Unit 156 157 158 159 160 88 89 90 HFO-1132(E) Mass %
35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0
45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5
14.5 GWP -- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative
to 98.9 99.3 98.1 98.4 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 R410A) Refrigerating
capacity % (relative to 87.6 87.1 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.5 85.0 84.5
ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00073 TABLE 73 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex.
91 Ex. 92 Ex. 93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass %
50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative to 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.7
100.0 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 83.3 83.0 82.7 82.2 81.8
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00074 TABLE 74 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 HFO- Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 1132(E) HFO- Mass % 63.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1
38.1 33.1 28.1 1123 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 149 149
149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative to 94.8 95.0 95.2
95.4 95.7 95.9 96.2 96.6 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 111.5 111.2 110.9 110.5 110.0 109.5 108.9 108.3 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00075 TABLE 75 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 96 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 58.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative to 96.9 95.3
95.4 95.6 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.7 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to 107.7 108.7 108.5 108.1 107.7 107.2 106.7 106.1 ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00076 TABLE 76 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 176 97 177 178 179 180 181 182 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative to 97.0 97.4
95.7 95.9 96.1 96.3 96.6 96.9 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %
(relative to ratio R410A) 105.5 104.9 105.9 105.6 105.3 104.8 104.4
103.8
TABLE-US-00077 TABLE 77 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 183 184 98 185 186 187 188 189 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative to 97.2 97.5
97.9 96.1 96.3 96.5 96.8 97.1 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
103.3 102.6 102.0 103.0 102.7 102.3 101.9 101.4 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00078 TABLE 78 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 190 191 192 99 193 194 195 196 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0
45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative to 97.4 97.7
98.0 98.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.3 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
100.9 100.3 99.7 99.1 100.0 99.7 99.4 98.9 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00079 TABLE 79 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 197 198 199 200 100 201 202 203 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
3.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative to 97.6 97.9
98.2 98.5 98.9 97.1 97.3 97.6 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
98.5 97.9 97.4 96.8 96.1 97.0 96.7 96.3 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00080 TABLE 80 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1
33.1 28.1 23.1 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative to 97.8 98.1 98.4
98.7 99.1 97.7 97.9 98.1 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 95.9 95.4 94.9 94.4 93.8 93.9 93.6 93.3 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00081 TABLE 81 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit
212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0
40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 28.1
23.1 18.1 13.1 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative to 98.4 98.7 99.0
99.3 98.3 98.5 98.7 99.0 R410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative
to 92.9 92.4 91.9 91.3 90.8 90.5 90.2 89.7 ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00082 TABLE 82 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item
Unit 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 101 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 8.1 3.1 23.1 18.1
13.1 8.1 3.1 18.1 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0
50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative to 99.3 99.6 98.9
99.1 99.3 99.6 99.9 99.6 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 89.3
88.8 87.6 87.3 87.0 86.6 86.2 84.4 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00083 TABLE 83 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 102 Ex. 103
Ex. 104 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 13.1 8.1
3.1 R1234yf Mass % 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 100.0 100.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 84.1 83.8 83.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00084 TABLE 84 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 105 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 55.7 50.7 45.7 40.7
35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 95.9 96.0 96.2
96.3 96.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 112.2
111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 110.2 109.6 109.0 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00085 TABLE 85 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 106 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7
30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 96.3 96.4
96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 97.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
109.4 109.2 108.8 108.4 107.9 107.4 106.8 106.2 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00086 TABLE 86 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 107 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 96.7 96.8
97.0 97.2 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
106.6 106.3 106.0 105.5 105.1 104.5 104.0 103.4 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00087 TABLE 87 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item
Unit 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 108 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7
20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 97.1 97.3
97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
103.7 103.4 103.0 102.6 102.2 101.6 101.1 100.5 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00088 TABLE 88 Item Unit Ex. 255 Ex. 256 Ex. 257 Ex. 258
Ex. 259 Ex. 260 Ex. 261 Ex. 262 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7
10.7 5.7 30.7 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
30.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 97.6 97.7 97.9
98.1 98.4 98.6 98.9 98.1 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100.7
100.4 100.1 99.7 99.2 98.7 98.2 97.7 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00089 TABLE 89 Item Unit Ex. 263 Ex. 264 Ex. 265 Ex. 266
Ex. 267 Ex. 268 Ex. 269 Ex. 270 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to 98.2 98.4 98.6
98.9 99.1 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 97.4
97.1 96.7 96.2 95.7 94.7 94.4 94.0 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00090 TABLE 90 Item Unit Ex. 271 Ex. 272 Ex. 273 Ex. 274
Ex. 275 Ex. 276 Ex. 277 Ex. 278 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.7 5.7 20.7 15.7 10.7
5.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0
45.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to 99.2 99.4 99.1
99.3 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 93.6
93.2 91.5 91.3 90.9 90.6 88.4 88.1 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00091 TABLE 91 Ex. Ex. Comp. Comp. Item Unit 279 280 Ex.
109 Ex. 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass %
5.7 10.7 5.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 R32 Mass % 29.3
29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative 100.0
100.3 100.4 100.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.8 85.2
85.0 82.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00092 TABLE 92 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 281 Ex. 282 Ex. 283 Ex.
284 Ex. 285 Ex. 111 Ex. 286 Ex. 287 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.9 35.9 30.9 25.9
20.9 15.9 35.9 30.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 298
298 298 298 298 298 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 97.8 97.9 97.9
98.1 98.2 98.4 98.2 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 112.5
112.3 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 109.8 109.5 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00093 TABLE 93 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 288 Ex. 289 Ex.290 Ex.
112 Ex. 291 Ex. 292 Ex. 293 Ex. 294 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0 3
0.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9
30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 98.3 98.5
98.6 98.8 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
109.2 108.8 108.4 108.0 107.0 106.7 106.4 106.0 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00094 TABLE 94 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 295 Ex. 113 Ex. 296 Ex.
297 Ex. 298 Ex. 299 Ex. 300 Ex. 301 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.9 5.9 25.9 20.9
15.9 10.9 5.9 20.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 99.0 99.2
99.0 99.0 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
105.6 105.2 104.1 103.9 103.6 103.2 102.8 101.2 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00095 TABLE 95 Item Unit Ex. 302 Ex. 303 Ex. 304 Ex. 305
Ex. 306 Ex. 307 Ex. 308 Ex. 309 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.9 10.9 5.9 15.9 10.9
5.9 10.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 299 299
299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 99.5 99.6 99.7
99.8 99.9 100.0 100.3 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to
101.0 100.7 100.3 98.3 98.0 97.8 95.3 95.1 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00096 TABLE 96 Item Unit Ex. 400 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 GWP -- 299
COP ratio % (relative 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
92.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
[0383] The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity
ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:
[0384] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %, a straight line connecting
a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the
base, and the point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) is on the left side, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition
diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that
connects point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0,
-0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3); [0385] if
11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801);
[0386] if 18.2a<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the
ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a
straight line AB that connects point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695)
and point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682); [0387] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or
on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A
(0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, -0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207)
and point B (0.0, 0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286,
-0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714); and [0388] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or
on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9) and
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05). [0389] Actual points having a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more form a curved line that
connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and that extends toward the
1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, or on the left
side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacity ratio
relative to R410A is 85% or more. [0390] Similarly, it was also
found that in the ternary composition diagram, if 0<a<11.1,
when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, a straight
line D'C that connects point D' (0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4,
-0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6) and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or
if 11.1<a.ltoreq.46.7, when coordinates are in the entire
region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or more.
[0391] In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved
line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three
points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5,
70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of
R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line
that connects point C and point D'(0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the
intersection of the approximate line and a point where the
concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line
segment D'C. In FIG. 4, point D'(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly
obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C
(18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where
the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C
and point D' was defined as the straight line D'C. [0392] The
composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation
was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK
Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping,
Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The
most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF. [0393] For the
flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning
velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as
"Class 2L (lower flammability)." [0394] A burning velocity test was
performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following
manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or
more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping,
and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum
gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The
initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed
by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the
center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to
9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm)
equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as
the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital
video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. [0395]
The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.
TABLE-US-00097 [0395] TABLE 97 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp.
Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item 6 13 19 24 29 34 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass
72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 % HFO-1123 Mass 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4
33.2 32.7 % R1234yf Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 % R32 Mass 0.0 7.1 11.1
14.5 18.2 21.9 % Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00098 TABLE 98 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 39
Ex. 45 Ex. 51 Ex. 57 Ex. 62 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32
30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf Mass % 0 0 0
0 0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s
10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00099 TABLE 99 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 7 Ex. 14 Ex. 20 Ex. 25 Ex. 30 Ex. 35 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass 72.0
60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 % HFO-1123 Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 %
R1234yf Mass 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7 % R32 Mass 0.0 7.1 11.1
14.5 18.2 21.9 % Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00100 TABLE 100 Item Comp. Ex. 40 Comp. Ex. 46 Comp. Ex.
52 Comp. Ex. 58 Comp. Ex. 63 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32
30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9
21.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00101 TABLE 101 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 8 Ex. 15 Ex. 21 Ex. 26 Ex. 31 Ex. 36 WC HFO-1132 (E) Mass %
47.1 40.5 37.0 34.3 32.0 30.3 F HFO-1123 Mass % 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.2
49.8 47.8 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ that results Ship- Ship- Ship- Ship-
Ship- Ship- in WCFF ping ping ping ping ping ping -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% release, release, release,
release, release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
liquid phase phase phase phase phase phase side side side side side
side WC HFO-1132 Mass % 72.0 62.4 56.2 50.6 45.1 40.0 FF (E)
HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 31.6 33.0 33.4 32.5 30.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0
0.0 0.0 20.4 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 50.9 10.8 16.0 22.4 29.5
Burning cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or
less velocity (WCF) Burning velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
10
TABLE-US-00102 TABLE 102 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 41
Ex. 47 Ex. 53 Ex. 59 Ex. 64 WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 29.1 28.8 29.3
29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 Mass % 44.2 41.9 34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf Mass %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak
condition Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ that
Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping results in -40.degree.
C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
WCFF 92% 92% 92% 90% 86% release, release, release, release,
release, liquid liquid liquid gas gas phase phase phase phase phase
side side side side side WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 34.6 32.2 27.7
28.3 27.5 F HFO-1123 Mass % 26.5 23.9 17.5 18.2 16.7 R1234yf Mass %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 38.9 43.9 54.8 53.5 55.8 Burning
cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8.3 9.3 9.6 velocity (WCF) Burning cm/s 10
10 10 10 10 velocity (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00103 TABLE 103 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 9 Ex. 16 Ex. 22 Ex. 27 Ex. 32 Ex. 37 WCF HFO-1132 Mass 61.7
47.0 41.0 36.5 32.5 28.8 (E) % HFO-1123 Mass 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.6 4.0
2.4 % R1234yf Mass 32.4 38.7 41.4 43.4 45.3 46.9 % R32 Mass 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 % Leak condition Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ that results in Shipping Shipping
Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping WCFF -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., 0% 0% 0% 92% 0% 0% release, release, release,
release, release, release, gas gas gas liquid gas gas phase phase
phase phase phase phase side side side side side side WCF HFO-1132
Mass 72.0 56.2 50.4 46.0 42.4 39.1 F (E) % HFO-1123 Mass 10.5 12.6
11.4 10.1 7.4 4.4 % R1234yf Mass 17.5 20.4 21.8 22.9 24.3 25.7 %
R32 Mass 0.0 10.8 16.3 21.0 25.9 30.8 % Burning cm/s 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less velocity (WCF) Burning
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 velocity (WCFF)
TABLE-US-00104 TABLE 104 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 42
Ex. 48 Ex. 54 Ex. 60 Ex. 65 WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 24.8 24.3 22.5
21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5
46.4 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak
condition that Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ results
in Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping WCFF -40.degree.
C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% release, release, release, release, release, gas
phase gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase side side side side
side WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 35.3 34.3 31.3 29.1 28.1 F HFO-1123
Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 27.4 26.2 23.1 19.8 18.2
R32 Mass % 37.3 39.6 45.6 51.1 53.7 Burning velocity cm/s 8 or less
8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s
10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0396] The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following cases:
[0397] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass
% and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a
point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a<11.1,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or
below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and
point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a
straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895); if
18.2<a<26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition
diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0)
and point I (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a<36.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a
straight line GI that connects point G
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0)
and point I (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or
below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0)
and point I (0.0061a.sup.2 0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098). [0398] Three points corresponding
to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table 106) were individually
obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and
their approximate expressions were obtained.
TABLE-US-00105 [0398] TABLE 105 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 36.7
.gtoreq. R23 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1
47.8 HFO- 72.0 60.9 55.8 55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 41.8 40.0
35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 1132(E) HFO- 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2
32.7 31.5 31.5 30.7 27.6 27.6 23.9 21.8 1123 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a a a HFO- 0.026a.sup.2 - 0.02a.sup.2 -
0.0135a.sup.2 - 0.0111a.sup.2 - 0.0061a.sup.2 - 1132(E) 1.7478a +
1.6013a + 1.4068a + 1.3152a + 0.9918a + Approx- 72.0 71.105 -
69.727 68.986 63.902 imate expres- sion HFO- -0.026a.sup.2 +
0.02a.sup.2 + -0.0135a.sup.2 + -0.0111a.sup.2 + -0.0061a.sup.2 -
1123 0..7478a + 0..6013a + 0.4068a + 0.3152a + 0.0082a + Approx-
28.0 28.895 30.273 31.014 36.098 imate expres- sion R1234yf 0 0 0 0
0 Approx- imate expres- sion
TABLE-US-00106 TABLE 106 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 36.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1
47.8 HFO- 72.0 60.9 55.8 55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 41.8 40.0
35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 1132(E) HFO- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1123
R1234yf 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 31.5 30.7 23.6
23.6 23.5 21.8 R32 a a a x x HFO- 0.026a.sup.2 - 0.02a.sup.2 -
0.0135a.sup.2 - 0.0111a.sup.2 - 0.0061a.sup.2 - 1132(E) 1.7478a +
72.0 1.6013a + 71.105 1.4068a + 69.727 1.3152a + 68.986 0.9918a +
63.902 Approx- imate expres- sion HFO- 0 0 0 0 0 1123 Approx- imate
expres- sion R1234yf -0.026a.sup.2 + -0.02a.sup.2 + -0.0135a.sup.2
+ -0.0111a.sup.2 + -0.0061a.sup.2 - Approxi- 0.7478a + 28.0 0.6013a
+ 28.895 0.4068a + 30.273 0.3152a + 31.014 0.0082a + 36.098 mate
expres- sion
[0399] The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the
refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and
the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is
"2L (flammability)" in the following cases: [0400] When the mass %
of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in
the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is
respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point
(0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if
0<a<11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition
diagram are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point J
(0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and
point K'(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates
are on a straight line JK' that connects point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0)
and point K'(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636, -0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177); if
18.2<a<26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK'
that connects point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a<36.7, coordinates
are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point J
(0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493, -0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0)
and point K'(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0,
0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0)
and point K'(-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557). [0401] Actual
points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line that
connects point J and point K' (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3
and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when
coordinates are on or below the straight line JK', WCFF lower
flammability is achieved. [0402] Three points corresponding to
point J (Table 107) and point K' (Table 108) were individually
obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and
their approximate expressions were obtained.
TABLE-US-00107 [0402] TABLE 107 Item 1.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 36.7
.gtoreq. R32 > 26.7 47.8 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 0 7.1
11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO- 47.1 40.5 37 37.0 34.3 32.0 32.0 30.3 29.1 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.3
29.4 28.9 1132(E) HFO- 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.9 51.2 49.8 49.8 47.8 44.2
44.2 41.9 34.0 34.0 26.5 23.3 1123 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 R32 a a a a a HFO- 0.0049a2 - 0.0243a2 - 0.0246a2 - 0.0183a2
- -0.0134a2 + 1132(E) 0.9645a + 47.1 1.4161a + 49.725 1.4476a +
50.184 1.1399a + 46.493 1.0956a + 7.13 Approx- imate expres- sion
HFO- -0.0049a2 - -0.0243a2 + -0.0246a2 + -0.0183a2 + 0.0134a2 -
1123 0.0355a + 52.9 0.4161a + 50.275 0.4476a + 49.816 0.1399a +
53.507 2.0956a + 92.87 Approx- imate expres- sion R1234yf Approx- 0
0 0 0 0 imate expres- sion
TABLE-US-00108 TABLE 108 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 36.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1
47.8 HFO- 61.7 47.0 41.0 41.0 36.5 32.5 32.5 28.8 24.8 24.8 24.3
22.5 22.5 21.1 20.4 1132(E) HFO- 5.9 7.2 6.5 6.5 5.6 4.0 4.0 2.4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1123 R1234yf 32.4 38.7 41.4 41.4 43.4 45.3 45.3 46.9
48.5 48.5 46.4 40.8 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 x x x x x HFO- 0.0514a.sup.2
- 0.0341a.sup.2 - 0.0196a.sup.2 - -0.0051a2 - -1.892a + 1132(E)
2.4353a + 61.7 2.1977a + 61.187 1.7863a + 58.515 0.0929a + 25.95
29.443 Approx- imate expres- sion HFO- -0.0323a.sup.2 +
-0.0236a.sup.2 + -0.0079a.sup.2 - 0 0 1123 0.4122a + 5.9 0.34a +
5.636 0.1136a + 8.702 Approx- imate expres- sion R1234yf
-0.0191a.sup.2 + -0.0105a.sup.2 + -0.0117a.sup.2 + 0.0051a.sup.2 -
0.892a + Approx- 1.0231a + 32.4 0.8577a + 33.177 0.8999a + 32.783
1.0929a + 74.05 70.557 imate expres- sion
[0403] FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %)
is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %,
21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %,
and 47.8 mass %, respectively. [0404] Points A, B, C, and D' were
obtained in the following manner according to approximate
calculation. [0405] Point A is a point where the content of
HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85%
relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding
to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by
calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table
109).
TABLE-US-00109 [0405] TABLE 109 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 36.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1
47.8 HFO- 68.6 55.3 48.4 48.4 42.8 37 37 31.5 24.8 24.8 21.3 12.1
12.1 3.8 0 1132(E) HFO- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1123 R1234yf
31.4 37.6 40.5 40.5 42.7 44.8 44.8 46.6 48.5 48.5 49.4 51.2 51.2
52.1 52.2 R32 a a a a a HFO- 0.0134a.sup.2 - 0.0112a.sup.2 -
0.0107a.sup.2 - 0.0103a.sup.2 - 0.0085a.sup.2 - 1132(E) 1.9681a +
68.6 1.9337a + 68.484 1.9142a + 68.305 1.9225a + 68.793 1.8102a +
67.1 Approx- imate expres- sion HFO- 0 0 0 0 0 1123 Approx- imate
expres- sion R1234yf -0.0134a.sup.2 + -0.0112a.sup.2 +
-0.0107a.sup.2 + -0.0103a.sup.2 + -0.0085a.sup.2 + Approx- 0.9681a
+ 31.4 0.9337a + 31.516 0.9142a + 31.695 0.9225a + 31..207 0.8102a
+ 32.9 imate expres- sion
[0406] Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that
of R410A is achieved. [0407] Three points corresponding to point B
were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation,
and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 110).
TABLE-US-00110 [0407] TABLE 110 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 36.7
.gtoreq.R32 .gtoreq.26.7 46.7 .gtoreq.R32 .gtoreq.36.7 R32 0 7.1
11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1132(E) HFO- 58.7 47.8 42.3 42.3
37.8 33.1 33.1 28.5 22.9 22.9 19.9 11.7 11.8 3.9 0 1123 R1234yf
41.3 45.1 46.6 46.6 47.7 48.7 48.7 49.6 50.4 50.4 50.8 51.6 51.5
52.0 52.2 R32 a a a a a HFO- 0 0 0 0 1132(E) Approx- 0 imate
expres- sion HFO- 0.0144a.sup.2 - 0.0075a.sup.2 - 0.009a.sup.2 -
0.0046a.sup.2 - 0.0012a.sup.2 - 1123 1.6377a + 58.7 1.5156a +
58.199 1.6045a + 59.318 1.41a + 57.286 1.1659a + 52.95 Approx-
imate expres- sion R1234yf -0.0144a.sup.2 + -0.0075a.sup.2 +
-0.009a.sup.2 + -0.0046a.sup.2 + -0.0012a.sup.2 + Approx- 0.6377a +
41.3 0.5156a + 41.801 0.6045a + 40.682 0.41a + 42.714 0.1659a +
47.05 imate expres- sion
[0408] Point D' is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is
achieved. [0409] Three points corresponding to point D' were
obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their
approximate expressions were obtained (Table 111).
TABLE-US-00111 [0409] TABLE 111 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0
7.1 11.1 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 HFO-1123 75.4 83.4 88.9 R1234yf 24.6 9.5
0 R32 a HFO-1132(E) 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0224a.sup.2
+ 0.968a + 75.4 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0224a.sup.2 -
1.968a + 24.6 Approximate expression
[0410] Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %,
and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
[0411] Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 112).
TABLE-US-00112 [0411] TABLE 112 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0
7.1 11.1 HFO-1132(E) 32.9 18.4 0 HFO-1123 67.1 74.5 88.9 R1234yf 0
0 0 R32 a HFO-1132(E) -0.2304a.sup.2 - 0.4062a + 32.9 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0.2304a.sup.2 - 0.5938a + 67.1 Approximate
expression R1234yf 0 Approximate expression
(5-4) Refrigerant D
[0412] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf). [0413] The refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has various properties that are
desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a
refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently
low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE standard. [0414] The refrigerant D according to the present
disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein [0415] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the
following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3,
33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment
EI); [0416] the line segment I is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0);
[0417] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and
[0418] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability. [0419] The refrigerant D according to the present
disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein [0420] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that connect
the following 5 points: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2,
5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9),
and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding
the points on the line segment GM); [0421] the line segment MM' is
represented by coordinates (0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y,
-0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4); [0422] the line segment M'N is
represented by coordinates (0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y,
-0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02); [0423] the line segment VG is
represented by coordinates (0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y,
-0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4); and [0424] the line segments NV and
GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied,
the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a
GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability. [0425] The
refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a
refrigerant wherein [0426] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and
z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO
that connect the following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on
these line segments; [0427] the line segment ON is represented by
coordinates (0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488); [0428] the line segment NU is
represented by coordinates (0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y,
-0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365); and [0429] the line segment UO is a
straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating
capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or
less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability. [0430] The refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant
wherein [0431] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and
KQ that connect the following 5 points: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L
(28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these
line segments; [0432] the line segment QR is represented by
coordinates (0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y,
-0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235); [0433] the line segment RT is
represented by coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874); [0434] the line segment LK is
represented by coordinates (0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512); [0435] the line segment KQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y,
-0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324); and [0436] the line segment TL is a
straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating
capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or
less, and a WCF lower flammability. [0437] The refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant
wherein [0438] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that
connect the following 3 points: point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S
(21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line
segments; [0439] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0440] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and [0441] the line segment TP is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability. [0442] The refrigerant D according to the present
disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein [0443] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the
following 4 points: point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point c (36.5, 18.2,
45.3), point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
or on these line segments; [0444] the line segment ac is
represented by coordinates (0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+280.904); [0445] the line segment fd is
represented by coordinates (0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y,
-0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and [0446] the line segments cf and da are
straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating
capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or
less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
standard. [0447] The refrigerant D according to the present
disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein [0448] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the
following 4 points: point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point b (42.6, 14.5,
42.9), point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
or on these line segments; [0449] the line segment ab is
represented by coordinates (0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904); [0450] the line segment ed is
represented by coordinates (0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y,
-0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and [0451] the line segments be and da are
straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating
capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or
less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
standard. [0452] The refrigerant D according to the present
disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein [0453] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the
following 3 points: point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point i (55.1, 18.3,
26.6), and point j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1), or on these line segments;
[0454] the line segment gi is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604); and
[0455] the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability. [0456] The refrigerant D according to the
present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein [0457] when
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the
following 3 points: point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point h (61.8, 14.6,
23.6), and point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9), or on these line segments;
[0458] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604); and
[0459] the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability. [0460] The refrigerant D according to the
present disclosure may further comprise other additional
refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long
as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this
respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total
amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or
more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the
entire refrigerant. [0461] Such additional refrigerants are not
limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The
mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or
two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant D)
[0461] [0462] The present disclosure is described in more detail
below with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the
refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples. [0463] The
composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using
the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the
conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge
according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable
fraction was defined as WCFF. [0464] A burning velocity test was
performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following
manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or
more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping,
and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum
gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The
initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed
by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the
center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to
9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm)
equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as
the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital
video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables
113 to 115 show the results.
TABLE-US-00113 [0464] TABLE 113 Compar- ative Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Exam- ple Exam- ple Exam- ple ple 13 ple 12 ple 14 ple 16
Item Unit I 11 J 13 K 15 L WCF HFO- Mass % 72 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6
32 28.9 1132 (E) R32 Mass % 0 10 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf
Mass % 28 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 Velocity (WCF)
TABLE-US-00114 TABLE 114 Compar- ative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- ple
Exam- ple Exam- ple 14 ple 19 ple 21 ple Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22
WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.6 (E) R32 Mass %
0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1
47.8 Leak condition Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage,
Storage, that Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping,
Shipping, results in -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree.
C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., WCFF 0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0% release, release, release, release, release, release, on
on on on on on the gas the gas the gas the gas the gas the gas
phase phase phase phase phase phase side side side side side side
WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 72.0 57.8 48.7 43.6 40.6 34.9 (E) R32 Mass %
0.0 9.5 17.9 24.2 28.7 38.1 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.7 33.4 32.2 30.7
27.0 Burning cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less
8 or less Velocity (WCF) Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 Velocity
(WCFF)
TABLE-US-00115 TABLE 115 Example Example 23 Example 25 Item Unit O
24 P WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 36.8
44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 Leak condition that results
Storage, Storage, Storage, in WCFF Shipping, -40.degree. C.,
Shipping, -40.degree. C., Shipping, -40.degree. C., 0% release, 0%
release, 0% release, on the gas on the gas on the gas phase side
phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 31.4 29.2 27.1
HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 51.1 56.4 R1234yf Mass % 23.0 19.7 16.5
Burning Velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning
Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0465] The results indicate that under the condition that the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line
segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or
below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower
flammability. [0466] The results also indicate that when
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in
FIG. 14 are on the line segments that connect point M, point M',
point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line
segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lower flammability. [0467]
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of
performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio
relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to
144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as
described below. [0468] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0469] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C. [0470] Degree of
superheating: 5 K [0471] Degree of subcooling: 5 K [0472]
Compressor efficiency: 70% [0473] Tables 116 to 144 show these
values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00116 [0473] TABLE 116 Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar-
Compar- Compar- Compar- ative ative ative ative ative ative ative
Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5
ple 6 ple 7 Item Unit ple 1 A B A' B' A'' B'' HFO- Mass % R410A
81.6 0.0 63.1 0.0 48.2 0.0 1132 (E) R32 Mass % 18.4 18.1 36.9 36.7
51.8 51.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 81.9 0.0 63.3 0.0 48.5 GWP -- 2088 125
125 250 250 350 350 COP % (relative 100 98.7 103.6 98.7 102.3 99.2
102.2 Ratio to R410A) Refriger- % (relative 100 105.3 62.5 109.9
77.5 112.1 87.3 ating to R410A) Capacity Ratio
TABLE-US-00117 TABLE 117 Compar- Compar- ative Compar- ative Exam-
ative Exam- Exam- Exam- ple 8 Exam- ple 10 Exam- ple 2 Exam- ple 4
Item Unit C ple 9 C ple 1 R ple 3 T HFO- Mass % 85.5 66.1 52.1 37.8
25.5 16.6 8.6 1132 (E) R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.6
R1234yf Mass % 14.5 23.9 29.7 34.6 37.7 39.2 39.8 GWP -- 1 69 125
188 250 300 350 COP % (relative 99.8 99.3 99.3 99.6 100.2 100.8
101.4 Ratio to R410A) Refriger- % (relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5
92.5 92.5 92.5 ating to R410A) Capacity Ratio
TABLE-US-00118 TABLE 118 Compar- Compar- ative ative Exam- Exam-
Exam- Exam- Exam- ple 11 Exam- ple 6 Exam- ple 8 ple 12 Exam- ple
10 Item Unit E ple 5 N ple 7 U G ple 9 V HFO- Mass % 58.3 40.5 27.7
14.9 3.9 39.6 22.8 11.0 1132 (E) R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.7
0.0 10.0 18.1 R1234yf Mass % 41.7 49.5 54.1 57.5 59.4 60.4 67.2
70.9 GWP -- 2 70 125 189 250 3 70 125 COP % (relative 100.3 100.3
100.7 101.2 101.9 101.4 101.8 102.3 Ratio to R410A) Refriger- %
(relative 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 ating to R410A)
Capacity Ratio
TABLE-US-00119 TABLE 119 Comparative Example 13 Example 12 Example
14 Example 16 Example 17 Item Unit I Example 11 J Example 13 K
Example 15 L Q HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32.0
28.9 44.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 23.0 R1234yf
Mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 32.4 GWP -- 2 69 125 188
250 300 350 157 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.9 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.6
99.8 100.1 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to Capacity R410A)
86.6 88.4 90.9 94.2 97.7 100.5 103.3 92.5 Ratio
TABLE-US-00120 TABLE 120 Comparative Example 14 Example 19 Example
21 Item Unit M Example 18 W Example 20 N Example 22 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.5 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5
18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.9 GWP -- 2 36
70 100 125 188 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.5 100.9 100.9 100.8
100.7 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating Capacity % (relative to 77.1 74.8
75.6 77.8 80.0 85.5 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00121 TABLE 121 Example Example Example 23 Example 25 26
Item Unit O 24 P S HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 21.9 R32 Mass
% 36.8 44.2 51.7 39.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 38.4 GWP -- 250
300 350 270 COP Ratio % (relative 100.4 100.5 100.6 100.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.0 95.0 99.1 92.5 Capacity Ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00122 TABLE 122 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 15 Example 16
Example 17 Example 18 Example 27 Example 28 Example 19 Example 20
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass
% 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R1234yf Mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0
55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 GWP -- 37 37 37 36 36 36 35 35 COP Ratio %
(relative to 103.4 102.6 101.6 100.8 100.2 99.8 99.6 99.4 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relativie to 56.4 63.3 69.5 75.2 80.5 85.4 90.1
94.4 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00123 TABLE 123 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparativie Item Unit Example 21 Example
22 Example 29 Example 23 Example 30 Example 24 Example 25 Example
26 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32
Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R1234yf Mass % 80.0
70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 71 71 70 70 70 69 69 69
COP Ratio % (relative to 103.1 102.1 101.1 100.4 99.8 99.5 99.2
99.1 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 61.8 68.3 74.3 79.7 84.9
89.7 94.2 98.4 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00124 TABLE 124 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 Example 31 Example 28
Example 32 Example 33 Example 29 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 GWP -- 104 104 104 103 103 103 103 102 COP Ratio
% (relative to 102.7 101.6 100.7 100.0 99.5 99.2 99.0 98.9 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 66.6 72.9 78.6 84.0 89.0 93.7 98.1
102.2 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00125 TABLE 125 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 32 Example 33 Example 34 Example 35 Example 36 Example
37 Example 38 Example 39 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
25.0 R1234yf Mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 65.0 GWP --
138 138 137 137 137 136 136 171 COP Ratio % (relative to 102.3
101.2 100.4 99.7 99.3 99.0 98.8 101.9 R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative to 71.0 77.1 82.7 88.0 92.9 97.5 101.7 75.0 Capacity
R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00126 TABLE 126 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 34 Example 40
Example 41 Example 42 Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Example 35
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 20.0 R32 Mass
% 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 50.0 GWP -- 171 171 171 170 170 170 205 205
COP Ratio % (relative to 100.9 100.1 99.6 99.2 98.9 98.7 101.6
100.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 81.0 86.6 91.7 96.5 101.0
105.2 78.9 84.8 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00127 TABLE 127 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 46 Example 47 Example 48
Example 49 Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 50 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 GWP -- 204 204 204 204 239 238 238 238 COP
Ratio % (relative to 100.0 99.5 99.1 98.8 101.4 100.6 99.9 99.4
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 90.2 95.3 100.0 104.4 82.5 88.3
93.7 98.6 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00128 TABLE 128 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example
51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 Example 39 Example 55 Example
56 Example 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 R1234yf
Mass % 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 45.0 GWP -- 237 237 272
272 272 271 271 306 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.0 98.8 101.3 100.6
99.9 99.4 99.0 101.3 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 103.2
107.5 86.0 91.7 96.9 101.8 106.3 89.3 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00129 TABLE 129 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 40 Example 41 Example 58
Example 59 Example 60 Example 42 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 45.0 45.0
45.0 45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0
40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 305 305 305 304 339 339 339 338 COP
Ratio % (relative to 100.6 100.0 99.5 99.1 101.3 100.6 100.0 99.5
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 94.9 100.0 104.7 109.2 92.4
97.8 102.9 107.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00130 TABLE 130 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Item Unit Example 63 Example 64 Example 65 Example 66
Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Example 46 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0
20.0 30.0 40.0 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 R32 Mass % 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 38.0 35.0
32.0 GWP -- 373 372 372 372 22 22 22 22 COP Ratio % (relative to
101.4 100.7 100.1 99.6 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8 R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative to 95.3 100.6 105.6 110.2 81.7 83.2 84.6 86.0 Capacity
R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00131 TABLE 131 Item Unit Example 47 Example 48 Example 49
Example 50 Example 51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 49.0 52.0 55.0 58.0 61.0 43.0 46.0 49.0 R32 Mass % 6.0 6.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 42.0 39.0 36.0 33.0
48.0 45.0 42.0 GWP -- 43 43 43 43 42 63 63 63 COP Ratio % (relative
to 100.2 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.7 100.3 100.1 99.9 R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative to 80.9 82.4 83.9 85.4 86.8 80.4 82.0 83.5 Capacity
R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00132 TABLE 132 Item Unit Example 55 Example 56 Example 57
Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 52.0 55.0 58.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 9.0 9.0
9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 R1234yf Mass % 39.0 36.0 33.0 50.0
47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 GWP -- 63 63 63 83 83 83 83 83 COP Ratio %
(relative to 99.8 99.7 99.6 100.3 100.1 100.0 99.8 99.7 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 86.5 87.9 80.4 82.0 83.5 85.1
86.6 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00133 TABLE 133 Item Unit Example 63 Example 64 Example 65
Example 66 Example 67 Example 68 Example 69 Example 70 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 53.0 33.0 36.0 39.0 42.0 45.0 48.0 51.0 R32 Mass % 12.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 52.0 49.0 46.0
43.0 40.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 83 104 104 103 103 103 103 103 COP Ratio
% (relative to 99.6 100.5 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.7 99.6 99.5 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 88.0 80.3 81.9 83.5 85.0 86.5 88.0
89.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00134 TABLE 134 Item Unit Example 71 Example 72 Example 73
Example 74 Example 75 Example 76 Example 77 Example 78 HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 36.0 R32 Mass % 18.0 18.0
18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 53.0 50.0 47.0 44.0
41.0 38.0 35.0 61.0 GWP -- 124 124 124 124 124 123 123 23 COP Ratio
% (relative to 100.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 99.6 99.5 101.3 R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative to 80.6 82.2 83.8 85.4 86.9 88.4 89.9
71.0 Capacity R410A) Ratio
TABLE-US-00135 TABLE 135 Item Unit Example 79 Example 80 Example 81
Example 82 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 39.0 42.0 30.0 33.0 R32 Mass % 3.0
3.0 6.0 6.0 R1234yf Mass % 58.0 55.0 64.0 61.0 GWP -- 23 23 43 43
COP Ratio % (relative to R410A) 101.1 100.9 101.5 101.3
Refrigerating Capacity % (relative to 72.7 74.4 70.5 72.2 Ratio
R410A) Example 83 Example 84 Example 85 Example 86 HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 36.0 26.0 29.0 32.0 R32 Mass % 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass
% 58.0 65.0 62.0 59.0 GWP -- 43 64 64 63 COP Ratio % (relative to
R410A) 101.0 101.6 101.3 101.1 Refrigerating Capacity % (relative
to 73.9 71.0 72.8 74.5 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00136 TABLE 136 Item Unit Example 87 Example 88 Example 89
Example 90 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 12.0
12.0 12.0 12.0 R1234yf Mass % 67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 GWP -- 84 84 84
84 COP Ratio % (relative to R410A) 101.8 101.5 101.2 101.0
Refrigerating Capacity % (relative to 70.8 72.6 74.3 76.0 Ratio
R410A) Example 91 Example 92 Example 93 Example 94 HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf
Mass % 69.0 66.0 63.0 60.0 GWP -- 104 104 104 104 COP Ratio %
(relative to R410A) 102.1 101.8 101.4 101.2 Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to 70.4 72.3 74.0 75.8 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00137 TABLE 137 Item Unit Example 95 Example 96 Example 97
Example 98 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 28.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 R32 Mass % 15.0
18.0 18.0 18.0 R1234yf Mass % 57.0 70.0 67.0 64.0 GWP -- 104 124
124 124 COP Ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.9 102.2 101.9 101.6
Refrigerating Capacity % (relative to 77.5 70.5 72.4 74.2 Ratio
R410A) Example 99 Example 100 Example 101 Example 102 HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 21.0 24.0 27.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 18.0 18.0 18.0 21.0 R1234yf
Mass % 61.0 58.0 55.0 54.0 GWP -- 124 124 124 144 COP Ratio %
(relative to R410A) 101.3 101.0 100.7 100.7 Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to 76.0 77.7 79.4 80.7 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00138 TABLE 138 Item Unit Example 103 Example 104 Example
105 Example 106 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 17.0 20.0 R32 Mass %
24.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 52.0 56.0 53.0 GWP -- 164
164 185 185 COP Ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.9 100.6 101.1 100.8
Refrigerating Capacity % (relative to 80.8 82.5 80.8 82.5 Ratio
R410A) Example 107 Example 108 Example 109 Example 110 HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 23.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 R32 Mass % 27.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf
Mass % 50.0 57.0 54.0 51.0 GWP -- 184 205 205 205 COP Ratio %
(relative to R410A) 100.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to 84.2 80.7 82.5 84.2 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00139 TABLE 139 Item Unit Example 111 Example 112 Example
113 Example 114 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 22.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 R32 Mass %
30.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.0 58.0 55.0 52.0 GWP -- 205
225 225 225 COP Ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.5 101.6 101.3 101.0
Refrigerating Capacity % (relative to 85.9 80.5 82.3 84.1 Ratio
R410A) Example 115 Example 116 Example 117 Example 118 HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 18.0 21.0 8.0 12.0 R32 Mass % 33.0 33.0 36.0 36.0 R1234yf
Mass % 49.0 46.0 56.0 52.0 GWP -- 225 225 245 245 COP Ratio %
(relative to R410A) 100.8 100.5 101.6 101.2 Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to 85.8 87.5 82.0 84.4 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00140 TABLE 140 Item Unit Example 119 Example 120 Example
121 Example 122 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 15.0 18.0 21.0 42.0 R32 Mass %
36.0 36.0 36.0 25.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.0 46.0 43.0 33.0 GWP -- 245
245 245 170 COP Ratio % (relative to R410A) 101.0 100.7 100.5 99.5
Refrigerating Capacity % (relative to 86.2 87.9 89.6 92.7 Ratio
R410A) Example 123 Example 124 Example 125 Example 126 HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 39.0 34.0 37.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 28.0 31.0 31.0 34.0 R1234yf
Mass % 33.0 35.0 32.0 36.0 GWP -- 191 211 211 231 COP Ratio %
(relative to R410A) 99.5 99.8 99.6 99.9 Refrigerating Capacity %
(relative to 93.4 93.0 94.5 93.0 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00141 TABLE 141 Item Unit Example 127 Example 128 Example
129 Example 130 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 33.0 36.0 24.0 27.0 R32 Mass %
34.0 34.0 37.0 37.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 30.0 39.0 36.0 GWP -- 231
231 252 251 COP Ratio % (relative to R410A) 99.8 99.6 100.3 100.1
Refrigerating Capacity % (relative to 94.5 96.0 91.9 93.4 Ratio
R410A) Example 131 Example 132 Example 133 Example 134 HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 30.0 33.0 23.0 26.0 R32 Mass % 37.0 37.0 40.0 40.0 R1234yf
Mass % 33.0 30.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 251 251 272 272 COP Ratio %
(relative to R410A) 99.9 99.8 100.4 100.2 Refrigerating Capacity %
(relative to 95.0 96.5 93.3 94.9 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00142 TABLE 142 Item Unit Example 135 Example 136 Example
137 Example 138 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 19.0 22.0 R32 Mass %
40.0 40.0 43.0 43.0 R1234yf Mass % 31.0 28.0 38.0 35.0 GWP -- 272
271 292 292 COP Ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.0 99.8 100.6 100.4
Refrigerating Capacity % (relative to 96.4 97.9 93.1 94.7 Ratio
R410A) Example 139 Example 140 Example 141 Example 142 HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 25.0 28.0 31.0 18.0 R32 Mass % 43.0 43.0 43.0 46.0 R1234yf
Mass % 32.0 29.0 26.0 36.0 GWP -- 292 292 292 312 COP Ratio %
(relative to R410A) 100.2 100.1 99.9 100.7 Refrigerating Capacity %
(relative to 96.2 97.8 99.3 94.4 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00143 TABLE 143 Item Unit Example 143 Example 144 Example
145 Example 146 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 21.0 23.0 26.0 29.0 R32 Mass %
46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 31.0 28.0 25.0 GWP -- 312
312 312 312 COP Ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.5 100.4 100.2 100.0
Refrigerating Capacity % (relative to 96.0 97.0 98.6 100.1 Ratio
R410A) Example 147 Example 148 Example 149 Example 150 HFO-1132 (E)
Mass % 13.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 R32 Mass % 49.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 R1234yf
Mass % 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 GWP -- 332 332 332 332 COP Ratio %
(relative to R410A) 101.1 100.9 100.7 100.5 Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to 93.5 95.1 96.7 98.3 Ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00144 TABLE 144 Item Unit Example 151 Example 152
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 28.0 R32 Mass % 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass %
26.0 23.0 GWP -- 332 332 COP Ratio % (relative 100.3 100.1 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.8 101.3 Capacity Ratio to
R410A)
[0474] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments U, JN, NE, and EI that connect the
following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3,
33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment
EI), [0475] the line segment U is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0),
[0476] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7), and
[0477] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the
refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more
relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability. [0478] The results also indicate that under the
condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and
GM that connect the following 5 points: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V
(11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM), [0479] the
line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4), [0480] the
line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02),
[0481] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4), and
[0482] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the
refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a
GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability. [0483] The
results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3
points: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments, [0484] the
line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y, -0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488),
[0485] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365),
and [0486] the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant
D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability. [0487] The results also indicate that
under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and
R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and
z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT,
TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points: point Q (44.6,
23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on
these line segments, [0488] the line segment QR is represented by
coordinates (0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y,
-0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235), [0489] the line segment RT is
represented by coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874), [0490] the line segment LK is
represented by coordinates (0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512), [0491] the line segment KQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y,
-0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324), and [0492] the line segment TL is a
straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present
disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more
relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability. [0493] The results further indicate that under the
condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that
connect the following 3 points: point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S
(21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line
segments, [0494] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9),
[0495] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
and [0496] the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant
D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
(5-5) Refrigerant E
[0496] [0497] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure
is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-123), and difluoromethane
(R32). [0498] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure
has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that
of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP. [0499] The refrigerant E
according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant
wherein [0500] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG,
and GI that connect the following 6 points: point I (72.0, 28.0,
0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point
H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GI); [0501] the line segment IK is
represented by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), [0502] the line segment HR is
represented by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), [0503] the line segment RG is
represented by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and [0504] the line segments KB'
and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are
satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that
of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less. [0505] The refrigerant E
according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant
wherein [0506] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI
that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G
(38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment GI); [0507] the line segment I is represented
by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), [0508] the line segment RG is
represented by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and [0509] the line segments JR and
GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied,
the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower
flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A,
and a GWP of 125 or less. [0510] The refrigerant E according to the
present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein [0511] when
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and GM that
connect the following 6 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P
(31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2,
15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or
on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
B'H and GM); [0512] the line segment MP is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), [0513] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0514] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
[0515] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0516] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein [0517] when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4
points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point
R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM); [0518]
the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), [0519]
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
[0520] the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0521] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein [0522] when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T
(34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments; [0523] the line
segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z),
[0524] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0525] the line segment PS is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0526] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein [0527] when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4
points: point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on
these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment
B''D); [0528] the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z),
[0529] the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and [0530] the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio
of 96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.
[0531] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein [0532] when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
line segments Oc', c'd', d'e', e'a', and a'O that connect the
following 5 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c'(56.7, 43.3,
0.0), point d' (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), point e'(41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and
point a' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments c'd', d'e', and
e'a' (excluding the points c' and a'); [0533] the line segment c'd'
is represented by coordinates (-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7,
0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z), [0534] the line segment d'e' is
represented by coordinates (-0.0535z.sup.2+0.3229z+53.957,
0.0535z.sup.2+0.6771z+46.043, z), and [0535] the line segments Oc',
e'a', and a'O are straight lines. When the requirements above are
satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP
of 125 or less.
[0536] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein [0537] when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
line segments Oc, cd, de, ea', and a'O that connect the following 5
points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point
d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments cd, de, and ea' (excluding the
points c and a'); [0538] the line segment cde is represented by
coordinates (-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684,
0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z), and [0539] the line segments Oc,
ea', and a'O are straight lines. When the requirements above are
satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of
125 or less. [0540] The refrigerant E according to the present
disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein [0541] when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'a, and aO that connect the
following 5 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c'(56.7, 43.3,
0.0), point d'(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or
on the line segments c'd' and d'a (excluding the points c' and a);
[0542] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z), and
[0543] the line segments Oc', d'a, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less. [0544] The refrigerant E
according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant
wherein [0545] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO
that connect the following 4 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and point a
(90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the
points c and a); [0546] the line segment cd is represented by
coordinates (-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684,
0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z), and [0547] the line segments Oc,
da, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are
satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has
a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of
65 or less. [0548] The refrigerant E according to the present
disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in
addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above
properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5
mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
[0549] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant E)
[0549] [0550] The present disclosure is described in more detail
below with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the
refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples. [0551] Mixed
refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32
at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146. [0552]
The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0
under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and
recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most
flammable fraction was defined as WCFF. [0553] For each mixed
refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured according to the
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of the
WCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, the
flammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lower
flammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification. [0554] A
burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in
FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used
had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a
cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were
observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by
the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature.
Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the
electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the
discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically
about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using
schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155
mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic
windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as
the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a
high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and
stored on a PC. [0555] Tables 145 and 146 show the results.
TABLE-US-00145 [0555] TABLE 145 Item Unit I J K L WCF HFO-1132(E)
mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 27.5 R32
mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10
10
TABLE-US-00146 TABLE 146 Item Unit M N T P U Q WCF HFO- mass 47.1
38.5 34.8 31.8 28.7 28.6 1132(E) % HFO-1123 mass 52.9 52.1 51.0
49.8 41.2 34.4 % R32 mass 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 30.1 37.0 % Leak
condition that results in Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage,
Storage, Storage, WCFF Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping,
Shipping, Shipping, -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C.,
-40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., -40.degree. C., 92%, 92%, 92%, 92%,
92%, 92%, release, release, release, release, release, release, on
the liquid on the liquid on the liquid on the liquid on the liquid
on the liquid phase side phase side phase side phase side phase
side phase side WCFF HFO- mass 72.0 58.9 51.5 44.6 31.4 27.1 1132
(E) % HFO-1123 mass 28.0 32.4 33.1 32.6 23.2 18.3 % R32 mass 0.0
8.7 15.4 22.8 45.4 54.6 % Burning velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less
8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s
10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)
[0556] The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the
following 3 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2,
18.4), and point L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0); the line segment IK is
represented by coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.00, z), and the line segment KL is
represented by coordinates (0.0098z.sup.2-1.238z+67.852,
-0.0098z.sup.2+0.238z+32.148, z), it can be determined that the
refrigerant has WCF lower flammability. [0557] For the points on
the line segment IK, an approximate curve
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points,
i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2,
18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
y=100-z-x=-0.00922z.sup.2+0.2114z+32.443, z). [0558] Likewise, for
the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curve was
determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example
10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the
least-square method to determine coordinates. [0559] The results in
Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed
refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is
100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and
a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0)
is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the
right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments
MP and PQ that connect the following 3 points: point M (47.1, 52.9,
0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower
flammability. [0560] In the above, the line segment MP is
represented by coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1,
-0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133,
-0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z). [0561] For the points on the
line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtained from three
points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-square method
to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ, an
approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P,
U, and Q, by using the least-square method to determine
coordinates. [0562] The GWP of compositions each comprising a
mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the
values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated
therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and
HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating
capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical
refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using
the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and
Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database
(Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions. [0563] The COP ratio
and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as
"cooling capacity" or "capacity") ratio relative to those of R410
of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for
calculation were as described below. Evaporating temperature:
5.degree. C. Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C. Degree of
superheating: 5K Degree of subcooling: 5K Compressor efficiency:
70% [0564] Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the
GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00147 [0564] TABLE 147 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example
Example Example Example Example Example 2 3 4 5 6 7 Item Unit 1 A B
A' B' A'' B'' HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 0.0
HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 R32 mass % 9.5 9.5 18.4
18.4 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 2088 65 65 125 125 250 250 COP ratio % 100
99.1 92.0 98.7 93.4 98.7 96.1 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating %
100 102.2 111.6 105.3 113.7 110.0 115.4 capacity (relative ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00148 TABLE 148 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Example Example Comparative Example Example 8 9 Example 1 Example
11 Item Unit O C 10 U 2 D HFO-1132(E) mass % 100.0 50.0 41.1 28.7
15.2 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 31.6 34.6 41.2 52.7 67.0 R32 mass %
0.0 18.4 24.3 30.1 32.1 33.0 GWP -- 1 125 165 204 217 228 COP ratio
% (relative 99.7 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 98.3 109.9 111.7 113.5 114.8 115.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00149 TABLE 149 Comparative Comparative Example
Comparative Example Example Example 12 Example 3 4 14 Item Unit E
13 T S F HFO-1132(E) mass % 53.4 43.4 34.8 25.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass %
46.6 47.1 51.0 56.2 74.1 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 25.9 GWP -- 1
65 97 125 176 COP ratio % (relative to 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 105.6 109.2 110.8 112.3 114.8
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00150 TABLE 150 Comparative Comparative Example Example
Example 15 Example 6 Example 16 Item Unit G 5 R 7 H HFO-1132(E)
mass % 38.5 31.5 23.1 16.9 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 61.5 63.5 67.4 71.1
84.2 R32 mass % 0.0 5.0 9.5 12.0 15.8 GWP -- 1 35 65 82 107 COP
ratio % (relative to R410A) 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 Refrigerating
% (relative to 107.0 109.1 110.9 111.9 113.2 capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE-US-00151 TABLE 151 Comparative Example Comparative 17 Example
8 Example 9 Comparative Example 19 Item Unit I J K Example 18 L
HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 41.1 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0
32.8 33.2 31.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 27.7 37.0 GWP -- 1 65
125 188 250 COP ratio % (relative to 96.6 95.8 95.9 96.4 97.1
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 103.1 107.4 110.1 112.1 113.2
capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00152 TABLE 152 Comparative Example Example Example
Example 20 10 11 12 Item Unit M N P Q HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 38.5
31.8 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 49.8 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5
18.4 37.0 GWP -- 1 65 125 250 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.1 94.7
96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 109.7 112.0 114.1
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00153 TABLE 153 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 22 23 24 14 15 16 25 26
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123
mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 5.0 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 COP ratio %
91.7 92.2 92.9 93.7 94.6 95.6 96.7 97.7 (relative to R410A)
Refrigerating % 110.1 109.8 109.2 108.4 107.4 106.1 104.7 103.1
capacity (relative ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00154 TABLE 154 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 27 28 29 17 18 19 30 31
HFO-1132(E) mass % 90.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123
mass % 5.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 R32 mass % 5.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 35 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 COP
ratio % 98.8 92.4 92.9 93.5 94.3 95.1 96.1 97.0 (relative to R410A)
Refrigerating % 101.4 111.7 111.3 110.6 109.6 108.5 107.2 105.7
capacity (relative ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00155 TABLE 155 Comparative Comparative Example Example
Example Example Example Example Comparative Example Item Unit 32 20
21 22 23 24 Example 33 34 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 10.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0
25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP --
68 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 COP ratio % (relative 98.0 93.1 93.6
94.2 94.9 95.6 96.5 97.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 104.1
112.9 112.4 111.6 110.6 109.4 108.1 106.6 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00156 TABLE 156 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example
Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 HFO-1132(E) ass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0
10.0 R32 mass % 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP -- 102
136 136 136 136 136 136 136 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 93.9 94.3
94.8 95.4 96.2 97.0 97.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.0
113.8 113.2 112.4 111.4 110.2 108.8 107.3 capacity to R410A)
ratio
TABLE-US-00157 TABLE 157 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example
Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit
43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
60.0 70.0 10.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0
60.0 R32 mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 GWP -- 170
170 170 170 170 170 170 203 COP ratio % (relative 94.6 94.9 95.4
96.0 96.7 97.4 98.2 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % 114.4 113.8
113.0 111.9 110.7 109.4 107.9 114.8 capacity (relative ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00158 TABLE 158 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Example Item Unit 51 52 53 54 55 25 26 56
HFO-1132(E) mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 HFO-1123
mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 R32 mass % 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 203 203 203 203 203 237 237
237 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 96.0 96.6 97.2 97.9 96.0 96.3 96.6
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.2 113.4 112.4 111.2 109.8
115.1 114.5 113.6 capacity to R410A) ratio
TABLE-US-00159 TABLE 159 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example
Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0
30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 25.0 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0
10.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP -- 237
237 237 271 271 271 271 271 COP ratio % (relative to 97.1 97.7 98.3
96.6 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 112.6
111.5 110.2 115.1 114.6 113.8 112.8 111.7 capacity ratio R410A)
TABLE-US-00160 TABLE 160 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 HFO-1123
mass % 60.0 58.0 56.0 54.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 R32 mass % 2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 GWP -- 14 14 14 14 28 28 28 28 COP ratio %
(relative 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.7 107.5 107.3 107.2 108.6 108.4 108.2
108.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00161 TABLE 161 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
HFO-1132(E) mass % 43.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 27.0 HFO-1123
mass % 53.0 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 65.0 R32 mass % 4.0 6.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 GWP -- 28 41 41 41 41 41 41 55 COP ratio %
(relative 93.9 93.1 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.9 93.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.8 109.5 109.3 109.1 109.0 108.8 108.6
110.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00162 TABLE 162 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
HFO-1132(E) mass % 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 32.0 32.0 HFO-1123
mass % 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 51.0 50.0 R32 mass % 8.0 8.0
8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 17.0 18.0 GWP -- 55 55 55 55 55 55 116 122 COP
ratio % (relative 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.6 93.8 94.0 94.5 94.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 110.1 110.0 109.8 109.6 109.5 109.3 111.8
111.9 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00163 TABLE 163 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 27.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 13.0 HFO-1123
mass % 52.0 42.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 54.0 52.0 R32 mass % 18.0 31.0
33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 122 210 223 223 223 223 237
237 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 96.0 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 96.0 96.0
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.1 113.7 114.3 114.2 114.0
113.8 115.0 114.9 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00164 TABLE 164 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66
HFO-1132(E) mass % 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 HFO-1123
mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 52.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0
35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 237 237 237 237 237
250 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.5 96.2
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2
114.1 113.9 115.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00165 TABLE 165 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
HFO-1132(E) mass % 13.0 15.0 17.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 HFO-1123
mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 R32 mass % 37.0 37.0
37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 250 250 250 237 237 237 237 237 COP
ratio % (relative 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 115.0 114.9 114.7 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4
114.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00166 TABLE 166 Example Example Example Example Example
Example Example Example Item Unit 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
HFO-1132(E) mass % 25.0 27.0 11.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 HFO-1123
mass % 40.0 38.0 52.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R32 mass % 0.0 0.0
0.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 250 250 250 250 250 250
COP ratio % (relative 96.4 96.5 96.2 96.5 96.5 96.6 96.7 96.8 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.1 113.9 115.1 114.6 114.5
114.3 114.1 114.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
[0565] The above results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and
the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the
following 4 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A'' (63.0,
0.0, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and point (0.0, 100.0,
0.0), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 250
or less.
[0566] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), point
B'(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less. [0567] The
results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the
following 4 points: point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A (90.5, 0.0,
9.5), point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on
these line segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.
[0568] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points: point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4), point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and
point D (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), or on these line segments, the
refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of
R410A. [0569] In the above, the line segment CU is represented by
coordinates (-0.0538z.sup.2+0.7888z+53.701,
0.0538z.sup.2-1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is
represented by coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z). [0570] The points on the line
segment CU are determined from three points, i.e., point C,
Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the least-square
method. [0571] The points on the line segment UD are determined
from three points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using
the least-square method. [0572] The results also indicate that when
coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that
connect the following 3 points: point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0), point T
(34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and point F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative
to that of R410A. [0573] In the above, the line segment ET is
represented by coordinates (-0.0547z.sup.2-0.5327z+53.4,
0.0547z.sup.2-0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is
represented by coordinates (-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931,
0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z). [0574] The points on the line
segment ET are determined from three points, i.e., point E, Example
2, and point T, by using the least-square method. [0575] The points
on the line segment TF are determined from three points, i.e.,
points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method. [0576] The
results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left
side of line segments that connect the following 3 points: point G
(0.0, 76.7, 23.3), point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and point H (0.0,
85.9, 14.1), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a COP
ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A. [0577] In the
above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segment RH is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z).
[0578] The points on the line segment GR are determined from three
points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the
least-square method. [0579] The points on the line segment RH are
determined from three points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point
H, by using the least-square method. [0580] In contrast, as shown
in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18,
when R32 is not contained, the concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relatively high; this
undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, or
polymerization in the refrigerant compound.
(6) First Embodiment
[0581] A refrigeration cycle illustrated in FIG. 16 is a vapor
compression refrigeration cycle using a nonazeotropic mixed
refrigerant. In FIG. 16, reference sign 1 denotes a compressor, 2
denotes a use-side heat exchanger, 3 denotes a heat-source-side
heat exchanger, and 4 denotes a first capillary tube that acts as
an expansion mechanism. The devices are connected via a four-way
switching valve 5 to constitute a reversible cycle. Reference sign
6 denotes an accumulator.
[0582] In the present embodiment, the refrigeration cycle is filled
with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration
cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing
1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described
refrigerants A to E.
[0583] In the refrigeration cycle, the heat-source-side heat
exchanger 3 is divided into a first heat exchange section 31 and a
second heat exchange section 32. The first and second heat exchange
sections 31 and 32 are connected in series via a second capillary
tube 7 serving as a decompression mechanism. During heating
operation, the second capillary tube 7 decreases the evaporation
pressure of the mixed refrigerant while the mixed refrigerant flows
through the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3. Reference sign 8
denotes a check valve provided to cause the mixed refrigerant to
bypass the second capillary tube 7 during cooling operation.
[0584] The compressor 1, the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3, the
first capillary tube 4, the four-way switching valve 5, the
accumulator 6, and the second capillary tube 7 are disposed in a
heat source unit 50 situated outside a room. The use-side heat
exchanger 2 is disposed in a use unit 60 situated inside the
room.
[0585] As illustrated in FIG. 17, the use unit 60 has a rear
surface that is fixed to a side wall WL in the room. The indoor air
flows into the use-side heat exchanger 2 from the front-surface
side (the left side in FIG. 17) and the upper-surface side of the
use unit 60. The use-side heat exchanger 2 includes a third heat
exchange section 21 located on the front-surface side of the use
unit 60, and a fourth heat exchange section 22 located on the
rear-surface side of the use unit 60. An upper portion of the
fourth heat exchange section 22 is located near an upper portion of
the third heat exchange section 21. The third heat exchange section
21 extends obliquely downward from the upper portion thereof toward
the front-surface side of the use unit 60. The fourth heat exchange
section 22 extends obliquely downward from the upper portion
thereof toward the rear-surface side of the use unit 60. The
capacity of the refrigerant flow path of the third heat exchange
section 21 is larger than the capacity of the refrigerant flow path
of the fourth heat exchange section 22. The air velocity of the air
passing through the third heat exchange section 21 is fast and the
air velocity of the air passing through the fourth heat exchange
section 22 is slow. The third heat exchange section 21 and the
fourth heat exchange section are designed to have the capacities of
the refrigerant flow paths in accordance with the air velocities.
Thus, the efficiency of heat exchange of the use-side heat
exchanger 2 is increased.
[0586] Next, setting of the decompression amount of each of the
capillary tubes 4 and 7 is described based on the Mollier diagram
in FIG. 18.
[0587] In FIG. 18, T1 is an isotherm indicating a frost limit
temperature (for example, -3.degree. C.) and T2 is an isotherm
indicating a standard outside air temperature (for example,
7.degree. C.) during heating operation.
[0588] The decompression amount of the first capillary tube 4 on
the inlet side of the first heat exchange section 31 is set to a
pressure P1 with which the evaporation temperature of the
refrigerant at the inlet of the first heat exchange section 31
becomes a temperature T3 that is slightly higher than the frost
limit temperature T1 during heating operation.
[0589] The decompression amount of the second capillary tube 7
disposed between the first and second heat exchange sections 31 and
32 is determined in accordance with the temperature gradient of the
mixed refrigerant. Specifically, the decompression amount of the
second capillary tube 7 is set to attain decompression to a
pressure P2 with which the evaporation temperature at the inlet of
the second heat exchange section 32 becomes a temperature T5 that
is equal to or higher than the frost limit temperature T1 and the
evaporation temperature at the outlet of the second heat exchange
section 32 becomes a temperature T6 that is lower than the standard
outside air temperature T2.
[0590] Next, the operation of the refrigeration cycle is
described.
[0591] During heating operation, the four-way switching valve (5)
is switched to the state indicated by solid lines in FIG. 16,
thereby forming a heating cycle. When the compressor 1 is driven,
the mixed refrigerant circulates through the compressor 1, the
use-side heat exchanger 2, the first capillary tube 4, the
heat-source-side heat exchanger 3, and the accumulator 6 in that
order. A change in state of the mixed refrigerant due to the
circulation is described using the Mollier diagram in FIG. 18.
[0592] The mixed refrigerant is discharged as a high-temperature
high-pressure gas with a pressure P0 from the compressor 1 (point
C1 in FIG. 18). Then, the gas refrigerant is condensed under the
same pressure in the use-side heat exchanger 2, and hence the
refrigerant is turned into the refrigerant in a liquid state (C2).
Next, the refrigerant is expanded (decompressed) in the first
capillary tube 4, the refrigerant becomes a state with the pressure
P1, and the refrigerant flows into the first heat exchange section
31 of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 (C3).
[0593] The refrigerant which has flowed into the first heat
exchange section 31 starts evaporating at a temperature T3 that is
higher than the frost limit temperature T1 near the inlet of the
first heat exchange section 31. Due to the evaporation, the
evaporation temperature near the outlet of the first heat exchange
section 31 increases to T4 (however, T2 or less) (C4). The mixed
refrigerant which has flowed out from the first heat exchange
section 31 is decompressed in the second capillary tube 7 again and
the pressure thereof becomes the pressure P2. By this, the
evaporation temperature at the inlet of the second heat exchange
section 32 decreases to a temperature T5 that is lower than the
evaporation temperature at the outlet of the first heat exchange
section 31 and that is higher than the frost limit temperature T1
(C5).
[0594] By the evaporation in the second heat exchange section 32,
the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant increases, and the
refrigerant becomes the gas refrigerant at a temperature T6 that is
lower than the standard outside air temperature T2 near the outlet
of the second heat exchange section 32. Then, the refrigerant
returns to the compressor 1 and is compressed again.
[0595] In this way, since the second capillary tube 7 serving as a
decompression mechanism is provided between the first heat exchange
section 31 and the second heat exchange section 32 of the
heat-source-side heat exchanger 3, the difference in the
evaporation temperature between the inlet and the outlet of the
heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 decreases. In other words, in the
refrigeration cycle, the degree of increase in the evaporation
temperature in the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 decreases.
Accordingly, the evaporation temperature can be shifted within a
proper evaporation temperature. The difference between the outside
air temperature and the evaporation temperature can be ensured
while frost (frosting) in the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 is
avoided. With the advantageous effects, in the refrigeration cycle,
the efficiency of heat exchange of the heat-source-side heat
exchanger 3 increases.
[0596] Moreover, in the refrigeration cycle, even when a mixed
refrigerant having a large temperature gradient of the evaporation
temperature is used, a decrease in the capacity of the
heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 is suppressed.
[0597] When the four-way switching valve 5 is switched to a state
indicated by broken lines, a cooling operation can be performed.
This is, however, like related art, and the description is
omitted.
(7) Second Embodiment
[0598] A refrigeration cycle illustrated in FIG. 19 is a heat pump
refrigeration apparatus using a nonazeotropic refrigerant similarly
to the above-described refrigeration cycle according to the first
embodiment. The different point from the first embodiment is that
the composition of the mixed refrigerant is changed to allow the
capacity to be increased or decreased in accordance with the load.
Specifically, a gas-liquid separator 9 is provided between third
and fourth capillary tubes 41 and 42 that operate as an expansion
mechanism. A container 11 for storing a refrigerant is provided in
a suction gas pipe 10. One end of the container 11 is connected to
a gas region of the gas-liquid separator 9 via a first open-close
valve 12. The other end of the container 11 is connected to the
suction gas pipe 10 via the second open-close valve 13.
[0599] Bringing the second open-close valve 13 into a closed state
and the first open-close valve 12 into an open state allows the
mixed refrigerant with a large proportion of a low-boiling-point
refrigerant to flow into the container 11 from the gas-liquid
separator 9, and hence the refrigerant can be condensed and stored.
Accordingly, the composition ratio of a high-boiling-point
refrigerant in the circulating mixed refrigerant increases, and the
capacity can be decreased.
[0600] Moreover, bringing the second open-close valve 13 into an
open state and the first open-close valve 12 into a closed state
allows the composition ratio of the mixed refrigerant to be
returned to the original state and the capacity is increased.
[0601] The other configurations are similar to those of the first
embodiment, and hence the same reference sign as that of the
configuration according to the first embodiment is applied in FIG.
19 and the description is omitted.
[0602] In each embodiment described above, the evaporation pressure
in the heating operation has two steps; however, the
heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 may be divided into three or more
sections, decompression mechanisms may be provided between the
divided heat exchange sections, and the evaporation pressure may be
changed by three or more steps.
[0603] In each embodiment described above, the capillary tube 7 is
provided as a decompression mechanism; however, a decompression
mechanism may be constituted by determining the inner diameter of
the heat transfer tube of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 so
as to obtain a proper decompression gradient.
[0604] Moreover, the decompression amount of the decompression
mechanism may not be set such that the evaporation temperature at
the inlet of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 is equal to or
higher than the frost limit temperature during heating
operation.
[0605] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been
described above, and it is understood that the embodiments and
details can be modified in various ways without departing from the
idea and scope of the present disclosure described in the
claims.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
[0606] 1 compressor [0607] 2 use-side heat exchanger [0608] 3
heat-source-side heat exchanger [0609] 4 first capillary tube
(expansion mechanism) [0610] 7 second capillary tube (decompression
mechanism) [0611] 21 third heat exchange section [0612] 22 fourth
heat exchange section [0613] 31 first heat exchange section [0614]
32 second heat exchange section [0615] 41 third capillary tube
(expansion mechanism) [0616] 42 fourth capillary tube (expansion
mechanism) [0617] 60 use unit
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0618] PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication
No. 57-198968
* * * * *