U.S. patent application number 16/900992 was filed with the patent office on 2020-10-01 for power battery pack safety prevention and control system for electric vehicle and control method.
This patent application is currently assigned to Tsinghua University. The applicant listed for this patent is Tsinghua University. Invention is credited to XU-NING FENG, XIANG-MING HE, LAN-GUANG LU, MING-GAO OUYANG, YUE PAN, LI WANG.
Application Number | 20200313245 16/900992 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004901329 |
Filed Date | 2020-10-01 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200313245 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
FENG; XU-NING ; et
al. |
October 1, 2020 |
POWER BATTERY PACK SAFETY PREVENTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR
ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND CONTROL METHOD
Abstract
Disclosed are a power battery pack safety prevention and control
system for an electric vehicle and a control method. The power
battery pack safety prevention and control system includes a signal
collection device, a master controller, and a stepwise prevention
and control actuator. The master controller includes a fault
diagnosis device, a cell thermal runway determination device, and a
battery pack thermal runway spread determination device which are
respectively electrically connected to the stepwise prevention and
control actuator and send different control instructions to the
stepwise prevention and control actuator. The stepwise prevention
and control actuator can perform different levels of prevention and
control actions according to different control instructions sent by
the fault diagnosis device, the cell thermal runway determination
device, and the battery pack thermal runway spread determination
device. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system
for an electric vehicle can provide an active prevention and
control measure and a passive prevention and control measure,
accurately activate a prevention and control mechanism according to
an actual situation of an accident in combination with the
prevention and control capability of the prevention and control
system, maximize the effect of the safety protection, and ensure
the safety of the passenger in the electric vehicle.
Inventors: |
FENG; XU-NING; (Beijing,
CN) ; HE; XIANG-MING; (Beijing, CN) ; WANG;
LI; (Beijing, CN) ; OUYANG; MING-GAO;
(Beijing, CN) ; LU; LAN-GUANG; (Beijing, CN)
; PAN; YUE; (Beijing, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Tsinghua University |
Beijing |
|
CN |
|
|
Assignee: |
Tsinghua University
Beijing
CN
|
Family ID: |
1000004901329 |
Appl. No.: |
16/900992 |
Filed: |
June 15, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
PCT/CN2018/114168 |
Nov 6, 2018 |
|
|
|
16900992 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01M 2200/10 20130101;
H01M 10/63 20150401; H01M 10/4257 20130101; H01M 10/486 20130101;
H01M 10/625 20150401; H01M 2220/20 20130101; H01M 10/6567 20150401;
H01M 10/6556 20150401; H01M 2010/4271 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H01M 10/42 20060101
H01M010/42; H01M 10/48 20060101 H01M010/48; H01M 10/625 20060101
H01M010/625; H01M 10/63 20060101 H01M010/63; H01M 10/6556 20060101
H01M010/6556; H01M 10/6567 20060101 H01M010/6567 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 18, 2017 |
CN |
201711366401.9 |
Claims
1. A power battery pack safety prevention and control system for an
electric vehicle, comprising a battery pack for powering the
electric vehicle, a signal collection device, a master controller,
and a stepwise prevention and control actuator; wherein one end of
the signal collection device is electrically connected to the
battery pack, and another end of the signal collection device is
electrically connected to the master controller, the signal
collection device is configured to acquire monitoring information
of the battery pack and transmit the monitoring information to the
master controller; the master controller comprises a fault
diagnosis device, a cell thermal runaway determination device and a
battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device; the fault
diagnosis device, the cell thermal runaway determination device and
the battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device are
electrically connected to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator respectively, and are respectively configured to send a
control instruction to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator; the stepwise prevention and control actuator is
configured to perform a prevention and control action according to
control instructions sent by the fault diagnosis device, the cell
thermal runaway determination device, and the battery pack thermal
runaway spread determination device.
2. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system for
an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the fault
diagnosis device comprises an internal short-circuit detector, an
external short-circuit detector, a charge-discharge fault detector,
an insulation failure detector, a collision detector, a liquid
leakage and fire detector, and an overheat detector; the internal
short-circuit detector, the external short-circuit detector, the
charge-discharge fault detector, the insulation failure detector,
the collision detector, the liquid leakage and fire detector and
the overheat detector are electrically connected to the signal
collection device respectively; the internal short-circuit
detector, the external short-circuit detector, the charge-discharge
fault detector, the insulation failure detector, the collision
detector, the liquid leakage and fire detector and the overheat
detector are respectively configured to perform a parallel fault
diagnosis on different types of faults, determine a fault type and
send a control instruction for a fault of a fault level one to the
stepwise prevention and control actuator according to different
fault types.
3. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system for
an electric vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the internal
short-circuit detector comprises a processor, a selector, an
electrochemical status determination device, a thermogenesis status
determination device and a logic-arithmetic unit; one end of the
electrochemical status determination device and one end of the
thermogenesis status determination device are respectively
connected to the battery pack; the other end of the electrochemical
status determination device and the other end of the thermogenesis
status determination device are respectively connected to the
processor; the electrochemical status determination device is
configured to acquire information of the battery pack having an
extreme electrochemical status, perform a model-based
electrochemical abnormal status detection, and output a detection
result of an electrochemical status of the battery pack; the
thermogenesis status determination device is configured to acquire
information of the battery pack having an extreme thermogenesis
status, perform a model-based thermogenesis abnormal status
detection, and output a detection result of a thermogenesis status
of the battery pack; the processor is configured to store position
and status information of the battery pack, the processor is
further configured to generate a control instruction of a
prevention and control action; the selector is configured to screen
an extreme battery pack based on an average+difference model; the
logic-arithmetic unit is configured to perform a logical operation
according to a detection results obtained by the electrochemical
status determination device and the thermogenesis status
determination device, and output an operation result to the
processor.
4. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system for
an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the cell thermal
runaway determination device comprises a battery cell thermal
runaway predictor and a battery cell thermal runaway locator
respectively electrically connected to the signal collection
device; the battery cell thermal runaway predictor is configured to
predict a possibility of an occurrence of battery cell thermal
runaway, the battery cell thermal runaway locator is configured to
determine a zone in which the battery cell thermal runaway occurs;
the battery cell thermal runaway predictor and the battery cell
thermal runaway locator are respectively configured to send a
control instruction for a fault of a fault level two to the
stepwise prevention and control actuator according to different
possibilities of the occurrence of the battery cell thermal runaway
and different zones in which the battery cell thermal runaway
occurs.
5. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system for
an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack
thermal runaway spread determination device comprises a battery
pack thermal runaway spread predictor and a battery pack thermal
runaway spread locator respectively electrically connected to the
signal collection device; the battery pack thermal runaway spread
predictor is configured to determine whether thermal runaway spread
occurs in the battery pack and an adjacent zone, the battery pack
thermal runaway spread locator is configured to locate a zone in
which the battery pack thermal runaway spread occurs; the battery
pack thermal runaway spread predictor and the battery pack thermal
runaway spread locator are respectively configured to send a
control instruction for a fault of a fault level three to the
stepwise prevention and control actuator according to different
conditions comprising whether the thermal runaway spread occurs in
the battery pack, the zone in which the battery pack thermal
runaway spread occurs, whether a thermal runaway spread-induced
fire occurs in the battery pack, and whether a battery cell catches
fire.
6. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system for
an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack
thermal runaway spread determination device further comprises a
battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced fire determination
device, a battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced explosion
determination device and a timer; the battery pack thermal runaway
spread-induced fire determination device, the battery pack thermal
runaway spread-induced explosion determination device and the timer
are electrically connected to the signal collection device
respectively; the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced fire
determination device is configured to determine whether a thermal
runaway spread-induced fire occurs in the battery pack; the battery
pack thermal runaway spread-induced explosion determination device
is configured to determine whether a thermal runaway spread-induced
explosion occurs in the battery pack, and send a control
instruction for a fault of a fault level four to the stepwise
prevention and control actuator if an explosion occurs; the timer
is electrically connected to the battery pack thermal runaway
spread-induced explosion determination device, and is configured to
record a time interval from the battery cell thermal runaway to the
explosion of the battery pack.
7. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system for
an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the stepwise
prevention and control actuator comprises an alarm device, a
thermal runaway inducement suppression device, a thermal runaway
zone suppression device, a fire extinguishing device and a safety
relief device respectively electrically connected to the master
controller; the thermal runaway inducement suppression device
comprises a shutoff device and an isolating device; the shutoff
device and the isolating device are respectively provided to
perform a corresponding prevention and control action, the shutoff
device is configured to shut off a fault cell and a fault zone
circuit, the isolating device is configured to isolate the fault
cell, isolate a charge-discharge circuit, and shut off a main
circuit of the battery pack.
8. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system for
an electric vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the thermal
runaway spread suppression system comprises a heat flow passive
guide device and a heat flow active guide device, a heat exchanger
and a combustible gas extraction device; the heat flow passive
guide device is provided in a different zone of the battery pack
and is configured to passively guide flow of heat when thermal
runaway occurs; the heat flow active guide device is provided in a
different zone of the battery pack and is configured to actively
guiding flow of heat when thermal runaway occurs; the heat
exchanger is provided in a different zone of the battery pack and
is configured to complete heat exchange between the battery pack
and an outside world; the combustible gas extraction device is
provided in a different zone of the battery pack and is configured
to complete outward discharge of a combustible gas.
9. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system for
an electric vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the fire
extinguishing device comprises a fire extinguishing agent tank
body, a fire extinguishing agent delivery pipeline and a fire
extinguishing agent injection valve body; the fire extinguishing
agent tank body is connected to the fire extinguishing agent
injection valve body through the fire extinguishing agent delivery
pipeline; the fire extinguishing agent injection valve body
comprises a fire extinguishing agent injection valve body in a
first zone I and a fire extinguishing agent injection valve body in
a second zone II, the fire extinguishing agent injection valve body
in the first zone I and the fire extinguishing agent injection
valve body in the second zone II are configured to complete
spraying of different doses of extinguishing agent.
10. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system for
an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the master
controller is in communication with the stepwise prevention and
control actuator through a network.
11. A control method for a power battery pack safety prevention and
control system for an electric vehicle, wherein the power battery
pack safety prevention and control system comprises: a battery pack
for powering an electric vehicle; a signal collection device, one
end of which is electrically connected to the battery pack; a
master controller, electrically connected to the other end of the
signal collection device; and a stepwise prevention and control
actuator, electrically connected to the master controller; the
control method comprises following steps: S100: acquiring, by the
signal collection device, monitoring information of the battery
pack, and transmitting the monitoring information to the master
controller; S200: generating, by the master controller, a control
instruction according to the monitoring information, and sending
the control instruction to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator; S300: performing, by the stepwise prevention and control
actuator, a prevention and control action according to the control
instruction sent by the master controller.
12. The control method for the power battery pack safety prevention
and control system for the electric vehicle according to claim 11,
wherein the master controller comprises a fault diagnosis device, a
cell thermal runaway determination device and a battery pack
thermal runaway spread determination device, the fault diagnosis
device, the cell thermal runaway determination device and the
battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device are
respectively electrically connected to the stepwise prevention and
control actuator; the step S200 further comprises: S210:
generating, by one or more of the fault diagnosis device, the cell
thermal runaway determination device and the battery pack thermal
runaway spread determination device, at least one control
instruction according to the monitoring information, and sending
the at least one control instruction to the stepwise prevention and
control actuator.
13. The control method for the power battery pack safety prevention
and control system for the electric vehicle according to claim 12,
wherein the fault diagnosis device comprises an internal
short-circuit detector, an external short-circuit detector, a
charge-discharge fault detector, an insulation failure detector, a
collision detector, a liquid leakage and fire detector and an
overheat detector; the internal short-circuit detector, the
external short-circuit detector, the charge-discharge fault
detector, the insulation failure detector, the collision detector,
the liquid leakage and fire detector and the overheat detector are
respectively electrically connected to the signal collection
device; the step S210 further comprises: S211: respectively
performing, by the internal short-circuit detector, the external
short-circuit detector, the charge-discharge fault detector, the
insulation failure detector, the collision detector, the liquid
leakage and fire detector and the overheat detector, a parallel
fault diagnosis on different types of faults, determining a fault
type, and respectively sending a control instruction for a fault of
a fault level one to the stepwise prevention and control actuator
according to different fault types.
14. The control method for the power battery pack safety prevention
and control system for the electric vehicle according to claim 12,
wherein the internal short-circuit detector comprises a processor,
a selector, an electrochemical status determination device, a
thermogenesis status determination device and a logic-arithmetic
unit; one end of the electrochemical status determination device
and one end of the thermogenesis status determination device are
respectively connected to the battery pack, the other end of the
electrochemical status determination device and the other end of
the thermogenesis status determination device are respectively
connected to the processor; the control method further comprises:
acquiring, by the electrochemical status determination device,
information of the battery pack having an extreme electrochemical
status, performing a model-based electrochemical abnormal status
detection, and outputting a detection result of an electrochemical
status of the battery pack; acquiring, by the thermogenesis status
determination device, information of the battery pack having an
extreme thermogenesis status, performing a model-based
thermogenesis abnormal status detection, and outputting a detection
result of a thermogenesis status of the battery pack; storing, by
the processor, location and status information of the battery pack,
and generating a control instruction of a prevention and control
action; screening, by the selector, an extreme battery pack based
on an "average+difference" model; performing, by the
logic-arithmetic unit, a logical operation according to detection
results obtained by the electrochemical status determination device
and the thermogenesis status determination device, and outputting
an operation result to the processor.
15. The control method for the power battery pack safety prevention
and control system for the electric vehicle according to claim 12,
wherein the cell thermal runaway determination device comprises a
battery cell thermal runaway predictor and a battery cell thermal
runaway locator respectively electrically connected to the signal
collection device; the step S210 further comprises: S212:
predicting, by the battery cell thermal runaway predictor, a
possibility of an occurrence of battery cell thermal runaway;
determining, by the battery cell thermal runaway locator, a zone in
which the battery cell thermal runaway occurs; S213: sending, by
the battery cell thermal runaway predictor and the battery cell
thermal runaway locator respectively, a control instruction for a
fault of a fault level two to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator according to different possibilities of occurrences of the
battery cell thermal runaway and different zones in which the
battery cell thermal runaway occurs.
16. The control method for the power battery pack safety prevention
and control system for the electric vehicle according to claim 12,
wherein the battery pack thermal runaway spread determination
device comprises a battery pack thermal runaway spread predictor
and a battery pack thermal runaway spread locator respectively
electrically connected to the signal collection device; the step
S210 further comprises: S214: determining, by the battery pack
thermal runaway spread predictor, whether thermal runaway spread
occurs in the battery pack and an adjacent zone; locating, by the
battery pack thermal runaway spread locator, a zone in which the
battery pack thermal runaway spread occurs; S215: sending, by the
battery pack thermal runaway spread predictor and the battery pack
thermal runaway spread locator respectively, a control instruction
for a fault of a fault level three to the stepwise prevention and
control actuator according to different conditions comprising
whether thermal runaway spread occurs in the battery pack, a zone
in which the battery pack thermal runaway spread occurs, whether a
thermal runaway spread-induced fire occurs in the battery pack, and
whether a battery cell catches fire.
17. The control method for the power battery pack safety prevention
and control system for the electric vehicle according to claim 12,
wherein the battery pack thermal runaway spread determination
device further comprises a battery pack thermal runaway
spread-induced fire determination device, a battery pack thermal
runaway spread-induced explosion determination device and a timer;
the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced fire determination
device, the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced explosion
determination device, and the timer are electrically connected to
the signal collection device respectively, and the timer is
electrically connected to the battery pack thermal runaway
spread-induced explosion determination device; the step S210
further comprises: S216: determining, by the battery pack thermal
runaway spread-induced fire determination device, whether a thermal
runaway spread-induced fire occurs in the battery pack; S217:
determining, by the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced
explosion determiner, whether a thermal runaway spread-induced
explosion occurs in the battery pack, and sending a control
instruction for a fault of a fault level four to the stepwise
prevention and control actuator if an explosion occurs; S218:
recording, by the timer, a time interval from the battery cell
thermal runaway to the explosion of the battery pack.
18. The control method for the power battery pack safety prevention
and control system for the electric vehicle according to claim 11,
wherein the stepwise prevention and control actuator comprises an
alarm device, a thermal runaway inducement suppression device, a
thermal runaway zone suppression device, a fire extinguishing
device and a safety relief device respectively electrically
connected to the master controller; the thermal runaway inducement
suppression device comprises a shutoff device and an isolating
device, the shutoff device and the isolating device are
respectively provided to perform a corresponding prevention and
control action; the thermal runaway spread suppression system
comprises a heat flow passive guide device, a heat flow active
guide device, a heat exchanger, and a combustible gas extraction
device; the heat flow passive guide device is provided in a
different zone of the battery pack, the heat flow active guide
device is provided in a different zone of the battery pack, the
heat exchanger is provided in a different zone of the battery pack,
the combustible gas extraction device is provided in a different
zone of the battery pack; the control method further comprises one
or more of following steps: shutting off, by the shutoff device, a
fault cell and a fault zone circuit; isolating, by the isolating
device, the fault cell and a charge-discharge circuit, and shutting
off a main circuit of the battery pack; passively guiding, by the
heat flow passive guide device, flow of heat; actively guiding, by
the heat flow active guide device, flow of heat; implementing, by
the heat exchanger, heat exchange between the battery pack and an
outside world; implementing, by the combustible gas extraction
device, outward discharge of a combustible gas.
19. The control method for the power battery pack safety prevention
and control system for the electric vehicle according to claim 18,
wherein the fire extinguishing device comprises a fire
extinguishing agent tank body, a fire extinguishing agent delivery
pipeline, and a fire extinguishing agent injection valve body; the
fire extinguishing agent tank body is connected to the fire
extinguishing agent injection valve body through the fire
extinguishing agent delivery pipeline; the fire extinguishing agent
injection valve body comprises a fire extinguishing agent injection
valve body in a first zone I and a fire extinguishing agent
injection valve body in a second zone II; the control method
further comprises: spraying, by the fire extinguishing agent
injection valve body in the first zone I and the fire extinguishing
agent injection valve body in the second zone II, different doses
of fire extinguishing agent.
20. A power battery pack safety prevention and control system for
an electric vehicle, comprising a battery pack, a signal collection
device, a master controller, and a stepwise prevention and control
actuator; wherein the battery pack is configured to power the
electric vehicle; one end of the signal collection device is
electrically connected to the battery pack, and the other end of
the signal collection device is connected to the master controller,
the signal collection device is configured to acquire monitoring
information of the battery pack and transmit the monitoring
information to the master controller; the master controller
comprises a fault diagnosis device, a cell thermal runaway
determination device, and a battery pack thermal runaway spread
determination device; the fault diagnosis device, the cell thermal
runaway determination device and the battery pack thermal runaway
spread determination device are electrically connected to the
stepwise prevention and control actuator respectively, and are
respectively configured to send a control instruction to the
stepwise prevention and control actuator; the stepwise prevention
and control actuator is configured to perform a prevention and
control action according to control instructions sent by the fault
diagnosis device, the cell thermal runaway determination device and
the battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device;
wherein the fault diagnosis device comprises an internal
short-circuit detector, an external short-circuit detector, a
charge-discharge fault detector, an insulation failure detector, a
collision detector, a liquid leakage and fire detector and an
overheat detector; the internal short-circuit detector, the
external short-circuit detector, the charge-discharge fault
detector, the insulation failure detector, the collision detector,
the liquid leakage and fire detector and the overheat detector are
respectively electrically connected to the signal collection
device; the internal short-circuit detector, the external
short-circuit detector, the charge-discharge fault detector, the
insulation failure detector, the collision detector, the liquid
leakage and fire detector and the overheat detector are
respectively configured to perform a parallel fault diagnosis on
different types of faults, determine a fault type, and send a
control instruction for a fault of a fault level one to the
stepwise prevention and control actuator according to different
fault types; wherein, the battery pack thermal runaway spread
determination device further comprises a battery pack thermal
runaway spread-induced fire determination, a battery pack thermal
runaway spread-induced explosion determination device, and a timer;
the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced fire determination
device, the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced explosion
determination device and the timer are respectively electrically
connected to the signal collection device; the battery pack thermal
runaway spread-induced fire determination device is configured to
determine whether a thermal runaway spread-induced fire occurs in
the battery pack; the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced
explosion determination device is configured to determine whether a
thermal runaway spread-induced explosion occurs in the battery
pack, and send a control instruction for a fault of a fault level
four to the stepwise prevention and control actuator if an
explosion occurs; the timer is electrically connected to the
battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced explosion determination
device, and is configured to record a time interval from battery
cell thermal runaway to the explosion of the battery pack; wherein,
the stepwise prevention and control actuator comprises an alarm
device, a thermal runaway inducement suppression device, a thermal
runaway zone suppression device, a fire extinguishing device and a
safety relief device respectively electrically connected to the
master controller; the thermal runaway inducement suppression
device comprises a shutoff device and an isolating device; the
shutoff device and the isolating device are respectively provided
to perform a corresponding prevention and control action, the
shutoff device is configured to shut off a fault cell and a fault
zone circuit, and the isolating device is configured to isolate the
fault cell, isolate a charge-discharge circuit, and shut off a main
circuit of the battery pack.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation application of
International Application PCT/CN2018/114168, entitled "Power
Battery Pack Safety Prevention and Control System for Electric
Vehicle and Control Method", filed on Nov. 6, 2018, which claims
priority to China Patent Application No. 201711366401.9, entitled
"Power Battery Pack Safety Prevention and Control System for
Electric Vehicle," filed on Dec. 18, 2017, the contents of which
are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their
entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the fields of electric
vehicle and battery techniques, and particularly to a power battery
pack safety prevention and control system for an electric vehicle
and a control method.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Electric vehicles are new energy vehicles, and power
batteries are a core energy source of the electric vehicles. The
power batteries are generally assembled to meet the driving needs
of the electric vehicles. A power battery pack for a vehicle should
be provided with a safety prevention and control system to ensure
the safety of the power battery pack for the vehicle in use.
[0004] In general, the safety accidents of electric vehicles are
characterized by multiple stages. In the first stage, a battery
system fails, and the fault may induce thermal runaway of a battery
cell. In the second stage, the thermal runaway of the battery cells
in the battery system occurs, which may cause a local fire. In the
third stage, the thermal runaway spread occurs in the battery
system, with the possibility of spreading the fire. For the above
three stages, the safety prevention and control system provided on
the power battery pack for the vehicle should have corresponding
prevention and control measures.
[0005] In the conventional battery monitoring and management system
and monitoring method for an electric vehicle, the thermal runaway
of the battery is determined by voltages, temperatures, smog
concentrations, and gas concentrations collected in real time. The
monitoring system and monitoring method can only be used for
alarming when thermal runaway occurs. No active and direct
prevention and control scheme is proposed for the thermal runaway
problem of the battery, and no warning scheme for early fault
caused by the thermal runaway is proposed. The monitoring system
and method cannot effectively suppress the spread of thermal
runaway in the battery pack after thermal runaway of the battery
cell occurs, and the actual effect of safety prevention and control
is limited. It can be seen from the above that most conventional
solutions are passive prevention and control measures provided for
the second and third stages of the safety accidents of the electric
vehicle. The conventional technical solutions cannot actively and
directly monitor the fault of the battery system of the electric
vehicle, and cannot comprehensively improve the safety of the
battery pack of the electric vehicle.
SUMMARY
[0006] A power battery pack safety prevention and control system
for an electric vehicle is provided, which includes a battery pack
for powering the electric vehicle, and further includes a signal
collection device, a master controller and a stepwise prevention
and control actuator;
[0007] one end of the signal collection device is electrically
connected to the battery pack, and the other end of the signal
collection device is electrically connected to the master
controller, the signal collection device is configured to acquire
monitoring information of the battery pack and transmit the
monitoring information to the master controller;
[0008] the master controller includes a fault diagnosis device, a
cell thermal runaway determination device and a battery pack
thermal runaway spread determination device; the fault diagnosis
device, the cell thermal runaway determination device and the
battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device are
electrically connected to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator respectively, and are respectively configured to send a
control instruction to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator;
[0009] the stepwise prevention and control actuator is configured
to perform a prevention and control action according to control
instructions sent by the fault diagnosis device, the cell thermal
runaway determination device, and the battery pack thermal runaway
spread determination device.
[0010] A control method for a power battery pack safety prevention
and control system for an electric vehicle is provided. The power
battery pack safety prevention and control system includes:
[0011] a battery pack for powering an electric vehicle;
[0012] a signal collection device, one end of which is electrically
connected to the battery pack;
[0013] a master controller, electrically connected to the other end
of the signal collection device; and
[0014] a stepwise prevention and control actuator, electrically
connected to the master controller;
[0015] the control method includes the following steps:
[0016] S100: acquiring, by the signal collection device, monitoring
information of the battery pack, and transmitting the monitoring
information to the master controller;
[0017] S200: generating, by the master controller, a control
instruction according to the monitoring information, and sending
the control instruction to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator;
[0018] S300: performing, by the stepwise prevention and control
actuator, a prevention and control action according to the control
instruction sent by the master controller.
[0019] A power battery pack safety prevention and control system
for an electric vehicle is provided, which includes a battery pack,
a signal collection device, a master controller, and a stepwise
prevention and control actuator;
[0020] the battery pack is configured to power the electric
vehicle;
[0021] one end of the signal collection device is electrically
connected to the battery pack, and the other end of the signal
collection device is connected to the master controller, the signal
collection device is configured to acquire monitoring information
of the battery pack and transmit the monitoring information to the
master controller;
[0022] the master controller comprises a fault diagnosis device, a
cell thermal runaway determination device, and a battery pack
thermal runaway spread determination device; the fault diagnosis
device, the cell thermal runaway determination device and the
battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device are
electrically connected to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator respectively, and are respectively configured to send a
control instruction to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator;
[0023] the stepwise prevention and control actuator is configured
to perform a prevention and control action according to control
instructions sent by the fault diagnosis device, the cell thermal
runaway determination device and the battery pack thermal runaway
spread determination device;
[0024] the fault diagnosis device comprises an internal
short-circuit detector, an external short-circuit detector, a
charge-discharge fault detector, an insulation failure detector, a
collision detector, a liquid leakage and fire detector and an
overheat detector;
[0025] the internal short-circuit detector, the external
short-circuit detector, the charge-discharge fault detector, the
insulation failure detector, the collision detector, the liquid
leakage and fire detector and the overheat detector are
respectively electrically connected to the signal collection
device;
[0026] the internal short-circuit detector, the external
short-circuit detector, the charge-discharge fault detector, the
insulation failure detector, the collision detector, the liquid
leakage and fire detector and the overheat detector are
respectively configured to perform a parallel fault diagnosis on
different types of faults, determine a fault type, and send a
control instruction for a fault of a fault level one to the
stepwise prevention and control actuator according to different
fault types;
[0027] the battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device
further comprises a battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced
fire determination, a battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced
explosion determination device, and a timer;
[0028] the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced fire
determination device, the battery pack thermal runaway
spread-induced explosion determination device and the timer are
respectively electrically connected to the signal collection
device;
[0029] the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced fire
determination device is configured to determine whether a thermal
runaway spread-induced fire occurs in the battery pack;
[0030] the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced explosion
determination device is configured to determine whether a thermal
runaway spread-induced explosion occurs in the battery pack, and
send a control instruction for a fault of a fault level four to the
stepwise prevention and control actuator if an explosion
occurs;
[0031] the timer is electrically connected to the battery pack
thermal runaway spread-induced explosion determination device, and
is configured to record a time interval from battery cell thermal
runaway to the explosion of the battery pack;
[0032] the stepwise prevention and control actuator comprises an
alarm device, a thermal runaway inducement suppression device, a
thermal runaway zone suppression device, a fire extinguishing
device and a safety relief device respectively electrically
connected to the master controller;
[0033] the thermal runaway inducement suppression device comprises
a shutoff device and an isolating device, the shutoff device and
the isolating device are respectively provided to perform a
corresponding prevention and control action, the shutoff device is
configured to shut off a fault cell and a fault zone circuit, and
the isolating device is configured to isolate the fault cell,
isolate a charge-discharge circuit, and shut off a main circuit of
the battery pack.
[0034] The present disclosure provides a power battery pack safety
prevention and control system for an electric vehicle and a control
method. The power battery pack safety prevention and control system
for an electric vehicle includes a signal collection device, a
master controller and a stepwise prevention and control actuator,
and is capable of providing active prevention and control measures
and passive prevention and control measures. The master controller
includes a fault diagnosis device, a cell thermal runaway
determination device, and a battery pack thermal runaway spread
determination device which are respectively electrically connected
to the stepwise prevention and control actuator and send different
control instructions to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator. The stepwise prevention and control actuator can perform
different levels of prevention and control actions according to
different control instructions sent by the fault diagnosis device,
the cell thermal runaway determination device and the battery pack
thermal runaway spread determination device. The power battery pack
safety prevention and control system for an electric vehicle and
the control method can accurately activate the prevention and
control mechanism according to the actual situation of the accident
in combination with the prevention and control capability of the
prevention and control system, maximize the effect of the safety
protection and ensure the safety of the passenger in the electric
vehicle. The power battery pack safety prevention and control
system for an electric vehicle and the control method of the
present disclosure can also make the active prevention and control
measures and passive prevention and control measures complement
each other, reinforce each other, and jointly solve the technical
problem of the safety prevention and control of the battery pack of
the electric vehicle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0035] In order to describe the embodiments of the present
disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art more
clearly, accompanying drawings required for descriptions of the
embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.
Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following descriptions
are merely several exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
Those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to the
disclosed accompanying drawings without any creative work.
[0036] FIG. 1 is a schematic structure diagram illustrating a power
battery pack safety prevention and control system for an electric
vehicle according to an embodiment;
[0037] FIG. 2 is a partial schematic structure diagram of a power
battery pack safety prevention and control system for an electric
vehicle according to an embodiment;
[0038] FIG. 3 is a partial schematic structure diagram of a power
battery pack safety prevention and control system for an electric
vehicle according to an embodiment;
[0039] FIG. 4 is a schematic zone diagram of a battery pack
according to an embodiment;
[0040] FIG. 5 is a schematic structure diagram illustrating a
battery pack of a power battery pack safety prevention and control
system for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment;
[0041] FIG. 6 is a schematic structure diagram illustrating a
signal collection device according to an embodiment;
[0042] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a hardware
structure of a master controller according to an embodiment;
[0043] FIG. 8 is a schematic structure diagram illustrating a
battery cell thermal runaway determination device according to an
embodiment;
[0044] FIG. 9 is a schematic structure diagram illustrating a
battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device according
to an embodiment;
[0045] FIG. 10 is a schematic structure diagram illustrating an
internal short-circuit detector according to an embodiment;
[0046] FIG. 11 is a communication structure diagram of a master
controller and a stepwise prevention and control actuator according
to an embodiment;
[0047] FIG. 12 is a schematic structure diagram illustrating a
stepwise prevention and control actuator according to an
embodiment;
[0048] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a signal
connection between a signal collection device and a master
controller according to an embodiment;
[0049] FIG. 14 shows a determination of a fault category of a power
battery pack safety prevention and control system for an electric
vehicle, and a corresponding fault measure according to an
embodiment; and
[0050] FIG. 15 is a control logic diagram of a power battery pack
safety prevention and control system for an electric vehicle
according to an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DISCLOSED EMBODIMENTS
[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present
disclosure will be described clearly and completely in combination
with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present
disclosure. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely part
of embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all
embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure,
all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the
art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of
the present disclosure.
[0052] Safety accidents of a power battery pack safety prevention
and control system for an electric vehicle are characterized by
multiple stages. In the first stage, a battery system fails, and
the fault forms an inducement of thermal runaway of a battery cell.
In the second stage, thermal runaway of the battery cell in the
battery system occurs, which may cause a local fire. In the third
stage, the thermal runaway spread occurs in the battery system,
with the possibility of the fire spread.
[0053] As for the first stage, when a fault occurs, a timely
warning should be raised. Especially in a situation where the
warning is not fully stipulated in relevant test standards, it is
necessary to establish a real-time early-warning mechanism for
long-term safety supervision of a full life cycle, such as a fault
diagnosis of a self-induced internal short circuit, a real-time
diagnosis of liquid leakage of a battery cell, and an early warning
mechanism thereof.
[0054] As for the second stage, in addition to the timely alarming
when the thermal runaway occurs, the prevention and control system
should also initiate a thermal runaway spread suppression measure
to delay or even prevent the occurrence of the thermal runaway
spread. If a fire occurs during the thermal runaway of the battery
cell, the prevention and control system should extinguish the fire
in time to prevent further damage to a battery pack element caused
by flame burning.
[0055] As for the third stage, when thermal runaway spread occurs,
the prevention and control system should have an ability to prevent
and control accidents again, and can do its best to delay and
prevent occurrence of an explosion event that may cause great harm
to personnel. For a situation of a possible second fire, the
prevention and control system should have an ability to extinguish
the second fire.
[0056] In safety accidents of the electric vehicle, fire and
explosion of the battery pack are the most worrying phenomena. It
is necessary to have clear understanding of possible fire and
explosion phenomena of the battery pack, and formulate reasonable
prevention and control functions. As for three elements of fire,
i.e., a high temperature, a combustible and oxygen, the prevention
and control system is generally designed for these three elements.
As for the high temperature condition, when a battery pack has a
safety accident, a local high temperature condition is mainly
caused by the thermal runaway. Accordingly, in order to prevent and
control a battery pack fire, it is very important to weaken the
high temperature condition caused by the thermal runaway. If a
timely warning can be raised in a fault stage (i.e., the first
stage) before the thermal runaway occurs, the thermal runaway does
not occur, that is, the occurrence of fire is fundamentally
prevented. Of course, a mode of increasing a cooling capacity by a
cooling system after the thermal runaway occurs, and a mode of
spraying the extinguishing agent by a fire extinguishing device to
reduce the temperature after the fire, are also effective. As for
the combustible, it is currently believed that the most combustible
combustibles are an organic electrolyte inside a lithium-ion power
battery when the battery pack has a safety accident. The organic
electrolyte leaks and diffuses inside the battery pack, which may
cause fire spread or even explosion. If an organic electrolyte
leakage occurs, it is feasible prevention and control measures to
exhaust the combustible gas in time such that no zone inside the
battery system reaches a limit of the fire or explosion. As for the
oxygen, a concentration of the oxygen can be diluted through a mode
of spraying the extinguishing agent by the fire extinguishing
device, or an effect of the oxygen can be removed through a mode of
filling the battery pack with inert gas. However, when a
lithium-ion power battery has the thermal runaway, a certain amount
of active oxygen may be generated inside the lithium-ion power
battery itself, the mode of filling the battery pack with the inert
gas to suppress the fire of the battery pack may have a limited
effect.
[0057] It should be noted that although fire and explosion
protection control is an important part of the battery pack safety
prevention and control, only carrying out the fire and explosion
protection control during the battery safety prevention and control
cannot guarantee the safety of the battery pack to the greatest
extent. Because the thermal runaway of the battery is the common
key issue of the safety of the battery pack, and the thermal
runaway is not a sufficient condition for the fire and explosion.
The battery pack safety prevention and control should take the
thermal runaway prevention and control as a core, and the stepwise
prevention and control is performed on the accident phenomena
sequentially occurred such as the fault inducement, the battery
cell thermal runaway, the thermal runaway spread, the fire and
explosion, etc. In addition, the gas released when the thermal
runaway of the battery pack occurs may cause a suffocation risk of
a passenger, which also requires attention during the process of
the stepwise safety prevention and control.
[0058] Referring to FIG. 1, a power battery pack safety prevention
and control system 10 for an electric vehicle, includes a battery
pack 100, a signal collection device 200, a master controller 300
and a stepwise prevention and control actuator 400. As shown in
FIG. 1, one end of the signal collection device 200 is electrically
connected to the battery pack 100, and the other end of the signal
collection device 200 is electrically connected to the master
controller 300. The signal collection device 200 is configured to
acquire monitoring information of the battery pack 100 and transmit
the monitoring information to the master controller 300. The master
controller 300 is electrically connected to the stepwise prevention
and control actuator 400, and is configured to complete
transmission of a control signal to the stepwise prevention and
control actuator 400.
[0059] In the present embodiment, the master controller 300 of the
power battery pack safety prevention and control system 10 for the
electric vehicle can send different control instructions to control
the stepwise prevention and control actuator 400 to perform
different levels of prevention and control actions. The power
battery pack safety prevention and control system 10 for the
electric vehicle can accurately start the prevention and control
mechanism in combination with the prevention and control capability
of the prevention and control system according to an actual
situation of a specific accident, maximize the safety protection
effect and ensure the safety of passengers in the electric vehicle.
The power battery pack safety prevention and control system 10 for
the electric vehicle can also make the active prevention and
control measures and the passive prevention and control measures
complement each other, reinforce each other, and jointly solve the
problem of the safety prevention and control of the power battery
pack for the electric vehicle. The active prevention and control
measures refer to real-time monitoring of characteristics of the
battery system accidents and timely warning according to the
above-mentioned three stages of the battery safety accidents of the
electric vehicle. The passive prevention and control measures refer
to adding a corresponding element and a mechanism in a design
process as for the characteristics of the battery system accidents
according to the three stages of the battery safety accidents of
the electric vehicle, to delay or prevent the occurrence or spread
of the accidents. The power battery pack safety prevention and
control system 10 for the electric vehicle can be combined with the
fault diagnosis device 310, the battery cell thermal runaway
determination device 320 and the battery pack thermal runaway
spread determination device 330 in the master controller 300, to
implement that the active prevention and control measures and
passive prevention and control measures complement each other and
reinforce each other to jointly solve the problem of safety
prevention and control of the battery pack of the electric vehicle.
The power battery pack safety prevention and control system 10 for
the electric vehicle can implement the stepwise prevention and
control of the battery pack safety problems according to the
multi-stage characteristics of the safety accidents of the battery
pack of the electric vehicle, such as a thermal runaway-induced
fault, battery cell thermal runaway, battery pack thermal runaway
spread, battery pack fire explosion, release of a combustible
harmful gas and so on.
[0060] Referring to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5, specific structure diagrams
of the battery pack 100 are provided. The battery pack 100 is
configured to power an electric vehicle. The battery pack 100
basically includes a unit battery cell 101. One or more battery
cells can form a battery module, and different battery modules can
form a battery zone. The battery pack 100 may include a plurality
of different zones, for example, a battery pack providing a power
and a battery pack providing a signal can be separated. The battery
pack 100 may be provided with a battery box 102. A space inside the
battery box 102 can include a zone I 110, a zone II 120, a zone III
130, a zone IV 140, a zone V 150, a zone VI 160, a zone VII 170, a
zone VIII 180, a zone IX 190, a zone X 1A0, a zone XI 1B0.
Different battery modules can be provided in each zone. For
example, different battery modules may be provided in the zone I
110. For example: a first battery module 111 in the zone I, a
second battery module 112 in the zone I, a third battery module 113
in the zone I, a fourth battery module 114 in the zone I, a fifth
battery module 115 in the zone, . . . , an N-th battery module 11N
in the zone I. The zone II 120 can be provided with a first battery
module 121 in the zone II, a second battery module 122 in the zone
II, . . . , an N-th battery module 12N in the zone II, and so on.
The battery pack 100 can be provided and reasonably zoned according
to different requirements. The specific number of modules in each
zone can be set according to the requirement. In order to
effectively protect the battery pack 100, the battery pack 100 is
zoned according to locations of the battery cells 101. Each zone is
provided with one or more sub-modules.
[0061] In an embodiment, the battery pack 100 is divided into
eleven zones, and the eleven zones are numbered from 110 to 1B0 as
shown in FIG. 4. A and B respectively represent 10 and 11 in
hexadecimal. The battery pack 100 includes a battery box 102. A
battery cell 101 may be cylindrical, square, or set according to
use requirements. A connection mode of each battery module in each
zone may be a series connection, a parallel connection, or a
series-parallel hybrid connection. The zone design can solve the
problem of limited cooling capacity of the thermal runaway spread
suppression system due to limited vehicle space and limited amount
of fire extinguishing agent carried. In the case of thermal runaway
or a fire, the thermal runaway spread can be suppressed and the
fire is extinguished at a fixed point in a zone.
[0062] Referring to FIG. 6, a signal collection device 200 is
provided. The signal collection device 200 is mainly configured to
detect a battery cell signal, in order to perform an early thermal
runaway-induced fault diagnosis. In an embodiment, the signal
collection device 200 may include a signal sensor 210, a signal
collection circuit board 220, a signal transmission harness 230,
etc. The signal sensor 210 is provided at a position adjacent to
the battery pack 100, so that current temperature status
information and usage status information of the battery pack 100
can be acquired more accurately. The signal collection circuit
board 220 is provided in in order to cooperate with the signal
sensor 210. There may be multiple signal collection circuit boards
210 provided. Specifically, each signal sensor 210 can be provided
with one collection circuit board. For example, the signal
collection circuit board 220 includes a first collection daughter
board 221, a second collection daughter board 222, . . . , an N-th
collection daughter board, and so on. It can be appreciated that
the signal collection harness 230 is employed to implement an
electric connection and a signal transmission. The signal
collection harness 230 can transmit a signal collected by the
signal sensor 210 to the controller 300.
[0063] The signal sensor 210 can be one or more of a voltage sensor
211, a temperature sensor 212, a current sensor 213, an insulation
detection sensor 214, a collision signal sensor 215, a combustible
gas sensor 216, a flame detection sensor 217, and an explosion
detection sensor 218. The signal sensor 210 can be provided at
different positions of the battery pack 100 according to
requirements. Each zone of the battery pack has an independent
collection daughter board. A sensor, such as the voltage sensor
211, the temperature sensor 212, the insulation detection sensor
214, the combustible gas sensor 216, or the flame detection sensor
217, transmits a signal to a signal collection daughter board of a
corresponding zone, and then the signal is transmitted to the
master controller 300 by the signal collection daughter board. The
entire battery pack 100 has only one signal sensor. For example, a
signal is acquired by the current sensor 213, the collision signal
sensor 215, or the explosion detection sensor 218, then the signal
is directly transmitted to the master controller 300.
[0064] The specific form of the signal collection device 200 is not
limited, and with the development of the technology, there may be
other devices capable of detecting the battery pack signal that can
be installed in a corresponding position of the battery pack 100.
It can be understood that any device that can acquire the battery
status information is within the protection scope of the present
disclosure. In the present embodiment, multiple detection sensors
can acquire the battery status information in all directions, such
that the battery status information acquired by the system is more
accurate and reliable.
[0065] Referring to FIG. 7, a schematic structure diagram of the
master controller 300 is provided. The master controller 300 may
include a fault diagnosis device 310, a battery cell thermal
runaway determination device 320, and a battery pack thermal
runaway spread determination device 330. The fault diagnosis device
310, the battery cell thermal runaway determination device 320, and
the battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device 330
are respectively electrically connected to the stepwise prevention
and control actuator 400, to send different control instructions to
the stepwise prevention and control actuator 400.
[0066] The master controller 300 is mainly configured to monitor
the battery safety status based on a model according to a real-time
signal of the battery pack 100 detected by the signal collection
device 200. The master controller 300 may be provided with a main
control chip capable of implementing a corresponding function. The
master controller 300 may further include: a signal receiving
device 340, a control signal transmission device 350, a function
safety guarantee device 360, and the like. A control program for
monitoring the battery safety status runs in real time in the
master controller chip. The fault diagnosis device 310, the battery
cell thermal runaway determination device 320, and the battery pack
thermal runaway spread determination device 330 in the master
controller 300 complete the real-time monitoring of the battery
pack 100 in stages and in functions.
[0067] In an embodiment, the fault diagnosis device 310 includes an
internal short-circuit detector 311, an external short-circuit
detector 312, a charge-discharge fault detector 313, an insulation
failure detector 314, a collision detector 315, a liquid leakage
and fire detector 316, an overheat detector 317, and other
detectors 31X which are electrically connected to the signal
collection device 200 respectively. The above-mentioned different
types of fault diagnosis devices 310 can be configured to perform a
parallel fault diagnosis on different types of faults and determine
a fault type, so as to send a control instruction for a fault of
level one to the stepwise prevention and control actuator 400
according to different fault types.
[0068] Referring to FIG. 8, in an embodiment, the battery cell
thermal runaway determination device 320 includes a battery cell
thermal runaway predictor 321 and a battery cell thermal runaway
locator 322. The battery cell thermal runaway predictor 321 and the
battery cell thermal runaway locator 322 are respectively
electrically connected to the signal collection device 200. The
battery cell thermal runaway predictor 321 is configured to predict
a possibility of an occurrence of the battery cell thermal runaway.
The battery cell thermal runaway locator 322 is configured to
determine a zone in which the battery cell thermal runaway occurs.
The battery cell thermal runaway locator 322 can send a control
instruction for a fault of level two to the stepwise prevention and
control actuator 400 according to different possibilities of
occurrences of the battery cell thermal runaway and different zones
in which the battery cell thermal runaway occurs.
[0069] Referring to FIG. 9, in an embodiment, the battery pack
thermal runaway spread determination device 330 includes a battery
pack thermal runaway spread predictor 331 and a battery pack
thermal runaway spread locator 332. The battery pack thermal
runaway spread predictor 331 and the battery pack thermal runaway
spread locator 332 are respectively electrically connected to the
signal collection device 200. The battery pack thermal runaway
spread predictor 331 is configured to determine whether thermal
runaway spread occurs in the battery pack and an adjacent zone. The
battery pack thermal runaway spread locator 332 is configured to
locate a zone in which the battery pack thermal runaway spread
occurs. A control instruction for a fault of level three is sent to
the stepwise prevention and control actuator 400 according to
different conditions such as whether the thermal runaway spread
occurs in the battery pack 100, a zone in which the battery pack
thermal runaway spread occurs, whether a thermal runaway
spread-induced fire occurs in the battery pack, and whether the
battery cell catches fire.
[0070] In an embodiment, the battery pack thermal runaway spread
determination device 330 further includes: a battery pack thermal
runaway spread-induced fire determination device 333, a battery
pack thermal runaway spread-induced explosion determination device
334, and a timer 335. The battery pack thermal runaway
spread-induced fire determination device 333, the battery pack
thermal runaway spread-induced explosion determination device 334,
and the timer 335 are electrically connected to the signal
collection device 200 respectively. The battery pack thermal
runaway spread-induced fire determination device 333 is configured
to determine whether a thermal runaway spread-induced fire occurs
in the battery pack. The battery pack thermal runaway
spread-induced explosion determination device 334 is configured to
determine whether a thermal runaway spread-induced explosion occurs
in the battery pack. If an explosion occurs, a control instruction
for a fault of level four is sent to the stepwise prevention and
control actuator 400. The timer 335 is electrically connected to
the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced explosion
determination device 334, and is configured to record a time
interval from the battery cell thermal runaway to the battery pack
explosion.
[0071] The arrangement of the battery pack thermal runaway
spread-induced explosion determination device 334 and the timer 335
enables the battery pack thermal runaway spread determination
device 330 to obtain a determination result more accurately. When
the passive safety design of the battery system is performed, the
recorded time interval DTR from the battery cell thermal runaway to
the battery pack explosion should ensure that the time interval DTR
from battery cell thermal runaway to the battery pack explosion is
greater than an escape duration required by a person. In addition,
such arrangement is also of great significance for analysis of
accidents such as the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced
explosion and so on.
[0072] Referring to FIG. 10, in an embodiment, the internal
short-circuit detector 311 includes: a processor 301, a selector
302, an electrochemical status determination device 303, a
thermogenesis status determination device 304, and a
logic-arithmetic unit 305.
[0073] One end of the electrochemical status determination device
303 and one end of the thermogenesis status determination device
304 are respectively connected to the battery pack 100. The other
end of the electrochemical status determination device 303 and the
other end of the thermogenesis status determination device 304 are
respectively connected to the processor 301. The electrochemical
status determination device 303 is configured to acquire
information of a battery having an extreme electrochemical status,
perform model-based electrochemical abnormal status detection, and
output a detection result of an electrochemical status of the
battery. The thermogenesis status determination device 304 is
configured to acquire information of a battery having an extreme
thermogenesis status, perform model-based thermogenesis abnormal
status detection, and output a detection result of a thermogenesis
status of the battery. The processor 301 is configured to store
position and status information of the battery pack 100. The
processor 301 is further configured to generate a control
instruction of a prevention and control action. The selector 302 is
configured to screen an extreme battery based on an
"average+difference" model. The logic-arithmetic unit 305 is
configured to perform a logical operation based on the detection
results obtained by the electrochemical status determination device
303 and the thermogenesis status determination device 304, and
output an operation result to the processor 301.
[0074] Specifically, a logic "and" an operation is performed
according to the extreme electrochemical status and the extreme
thermogenesis status respectively obtained by the electrochemical
status determination device 303 and the thermogenesis status
determination device 304. If the extreme electrochemical status and
the extreme thermogenesis status are both 1, and battery cells
corresponding to the extreme electrochemical status and the extreme
thermogenesis status are the same battery cell, it is determined
that the battery cell has an internal short-circuit fault. The
battery cell having the internal short-circuit fault is further
estimated to estimate a degree of the internal short circuit, and
the prevention and control actuator is required to perform a
corresponding prevention and control action, such as alarming,
shutting the circuit off, and isolating the internal short-circuit
battery, and so on.
[0075] Referring to FIG. 11, the stepwise prevention and control
actuator 400 includes: an alarm device 410, a thermal runaway
inducement suppression device 420, a thermal runaway zone
suppression device 430, a fire extinguishing device 440, and a
safety relief device 450. The alarm device 410, the thermal runaway
inducement suppression device 420, the thermal runaway zone
suppression device 430, the fire extinguishing device 440, and the
safety relief device 450 are electrically connected to the master
controller 300 respectively.
[0076] The stepwise prevention and control actuator 400 is
configured to perform a prevention and control action of a
different level according to a different control instruction sent
by the fault diagnosis device 310, the battery cell thermal runaway
determination device 320, and the battery pack thermal runaway
spread determination device 330. The stepwise prevention and
control actuator 400 receives a safety stepwise prevention and
control signal in real time sent by the master controller 300, and
performs a corresponding safety prevention and control action.
[0077] Also referring to FIG. 11, the master controller 300 is
connected to the stepwise prevention and control actuator 400
through a communication network. A corresponding control signal of
the fault diagnosis device 310 controls the alarm device 410, the
thermal runaway inducement suppression device 420, the fire
extinguishing device 440, and the safety relief device 450 to
operate. A corresponding control signal of the battery cell thermal
runaway determination device 320 controls the alarm device 410, the
thermal runaway zone suppression device 430, the fire extinguishing
device 440, and the safety relief device 450 to operate. A
corresponding control signal of the battery pack thermal runaway
spread determination device 330 controls the alarm device 410, the
thermal runaway zone suppression device 430, the fire extinguishing
device 440, and the safety relief device 450 to operate.
[0078] Referring to FIG. 12, the thermal runaway inducement
suppression device 420 includes: a shutoff device 421 and an
isolating device 422. The shutoff device 421 and the isolating
device 422 are respectively provided as a device to perform a
corresponding prevention and control action. The shutoff device 421
is configured to shut off a faulty cell and a fault zone circuit.
The isolating device 422 is configured to isolate a fault cell,
isolate a charge-discharge circuit, and shut off a main circuit of
the battery pack. The thermal runaway inducement suppression device
420 can implement the functions of shutting off a faulty cell,
shutting off a fault zone circuit, and isolating a faulty cell. The
thermal runaway inducement suppression device 420 can also
implement functions of charging and discharging protection,
shutting off the main circuit of the battery pack, enhancing
thermal dissipation in a corresponding zone, reducing a
concentration of the combustible gas, and extinguishing a
non-thermal runaway fire.
[0079] The thermal runaway spread suppression system 430 includes a
heat flow passive guide device 431, a heat flow active guide device
435, a heat exchanger 438, and a combustible gas extraction device
439. In the thermal runaway spread suppression system 430,
suppression of the thermal runaway spread is implemented by the
heat flow active guide device 435 and the heat flow passive guide
device 431. The heat flow active guide device 435, the heat
exchanger 438 and the combustible gas extraction device 439 assist
each other to implement the active guiding and discharging of the
heat flow. The heat flow passive guide device 431, the heat
exchanger 438, and the combustible gas extraction device 439 assist
each other to implement the passive guiding and discharging of the
heat flow. The heat flow passive guide device 431 is provided in
different zones of the battery pack 100 and is configured to
passively guide the flow of heat when the thermal runaway occurs.
The heat flow active guide device 435 is provided in different
zones of the battery pack 100 and is configured to actively guide
the flow of heat when the thermal runaway occurs. The heat
exchanger 438 is provided in different zones of the battery pack
100, and is configured to complete exchange of heat between the
battery pack 100 and the outside world. The combustible gas
extraction device 439 is provided in different zones of the battery
pack 100 and is configured to complete discharging of the
combustible gas outward. The heat flow active guide device 435 may
include a cooling pipeline 436 and a liquid cooling pump 437. The
heat flow passive guide device 431 may include a thermal insulation
layer 432, a directional heat conduction plate 433, and a phase
change heat storage layer 434.
[0080] In an embodiment, the fire extinguishing device 440 includes
a fire extinguishing agent tank body 441, a fire extinguishing
agent delivery pipeline 442, and a fire extinguishing agent
injection valve body 443. The fire extinguishing agent tank body
441 is connected to the fire extinguishing agent injection valve
body 443 through the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipeline
442. The fire extinguishing agent injection valve body 443 includes
a fire extinguishing agent injection valve body 444 in a zone I and
a fire extinguishing agent injection valve body 445 in a zone II.
The fire extinguishing agent injection valve body 444 in the zone I
and the fire extinguishing agent injection valve body 445 in the
zone II are respectively configured to complete injections of
different doses of fire extinguishing agent.
[0081] Referring to FIG. 13, in an embodiment, the master
controller 300 is connected to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator 400 through a communication network. Specifically, the
signal collection device 200 can be connected to the master
controller 300 through a communication network. The communication
network includes a CAN network, a FlexRay.RTM. network, an RS232
network, a Bluetooth.RTM. or Wi-Fi.RTM. virtual signal transmission
network, and so on. The signal collection device 200 is connected
to the master controller 300 through a communication network. Each
zone of the battery pack has an independent collection daughter
board. Each of the voltage sensor 211, the temperature sensor 212,
the insulation detection sensor 214, the combustible gas sensor 216
and the flame detection sensor 217 transmits a signal to a
respective corresponding daughter board 220 corresponding to a
corresponding zone, then the signal is sent to the master
controller 300 by the collection daughter board 220. If the entire
battery pack 100 has only one signal sensor, such as the current
sensor 213, the collision signal sensor 215, the explosion
detection sensor 218, etc., the signal is directly sent to the
master controller 300.
[0082] Referring to FIG. 14, in an embodiment, whether the battery
pack fails can be determined by the fault diagnosis device 310. A
fault may include: an internal short-circuit fault, an external
short-circuit fault, a charge-discharge fault, an insulation
failure fault, a collision fault, a liquid leakage or fire fault,
an overheat fault, a virtual connection fault, a communication
fault, etc. The fault diagnosis device 310 may include: an internal
short-circuit detector 311, an external short-circuit detector 312,
a charge-discharge fault detector 313, an insulation failure
detector 314, a collision detector 315, a liquid leakage and fire
detector 316, an overheat detector 317, other detectors 31X, etc.
The above-mentioned sensors are electrically connected to the
signal collection device 200 respectively. The above-mentioned
detectors are configured to perform parallel fault diagnosis on
different types of faults, determine a fault type, and send a
control instruction for a fault of level one to the stepwise
prevention and control actuator 400 according to different fault
types.
[0083] Referring to FIG. 15, a control logic of a power battery
pack safety prevention and control system 10 for an electric
vehicle is provided. The master controller 300 includes three main
levels, i.e., a fault diagnosis device 310, a battery cell thermal
runaway determination device 320, and a battery pack thermal
runaway spread determination device 330. Each level corresponds to
different prevention and control measures.
[0084] In the fault diagnosis, the provided parallel fault
diagnosis function can diagnose different types of faults and
determine a fault type, but no false alarm occurs. Alarms for
different faults, levels of the alarmed faults are level 1. When
the fault type cannot be determined, the level of the fault is
level 1O. The fault level is a level 1X after the determination of
the fault type, here X represents a specific fault type.
[0085] In the determination of the cell thermal runaway, a function
of determining an occurrence of thermal runaway is provided. A
determination device for determining an occurrence of the thermal
runaway can predict a possibility of an occurrence of the thermal
runaway of a battery cell within a period of time t 0. If it is
predicted that thermal runaway may occur, an alarm mechanism is
triggered. If the thermal runaway determination device determines
that the thermal runaway occurs, an alarm is issued with an alarm
level 2A. At the same time, a zone in which the cell with the
thermal runaway is located is determined, and the thermal runaway
spread zone suppression mechanism is turned on in the corresponding
zone. After the determination of the occurrence of the cell thermal
runaway, the cell is continuously monitored and it is determined
whether a thermal runaway-induced fire occurs in the cell. If the
cell catches fire, the alarm level is level 2B, and a zone fire
extinguishing mechanism is turned on in a corresponding zone.
[0086] In the determination of the battery pack thermal runaway
spread, a function of determination of thermal runaway spread in a
battery pack is provided. If it is determined that the thermal
runaway spread occurs in an adjacent zone of the battery pack but
the cell does not catch fire, the alarm level is a level 3A. If it
is determined that thermal runaway spread occurs in an adjacent
zone of the battery pack and the cell catches fire, the alarm level
is a level 3B. As for the alarm level 3A/3B, a thermal runaway
spread secondary suppression mechanism is turned on in a zone in
which the thermal runaway spread occurs. At the same time, it is
determined whether a thermal runaway spread-induced fire occurs. If
it is determined that the thermal runaway spread-induced fire
occurs but a cell does not catch fire, the alarm level is a level
3C. If it is determined that the thermal runaway spread-induced
fire occurs and a cell catches fired, the alarm level is a level
3D. As for the alarm level 3C/3D, a zone secondary fire
extinguishing mechanism is turned on in a zone in which the thermal
runaway spread-induced fire occurs. The controller continuously
monitors the battery pack to determine whether the thermal runaway
spread-induced explosion occurs. If an explosion occurs, the alarm
level is level 4, and a time interval DTR from the cell thermal
runaway to the battery pack explosion is recorded. During the
battery system passive safety design, it should be ensured that the
time interval DTR from the cell thermal runaway to the battery pack
explosion is greater than the escape duration required by a person.
In general, considering the situation where a person is trapped and
needs to wait for the fire brigade in order to obtain rescue, thus
the DTR should be greater than 30 minutes.
[0087] In an embodiment, in combination with the above-mentioned
power battery pack safety prevention and control system and the
contents in FIGS. 1 to 15, the present disclosure further provides
a control method for a power battery pack safety prevention and
control system for an electric vehicle, including the following
steps:
[0088] S100: the signal collection device 200 acquires monitoring
information of the battery pack 100, and transmits the monitoring
information to the master controller 300;
[0089] S200: the master controller 300 generates a control
instruction according to the monitoring information, and sends the
control instruction to the stepwise prevention and control actuator
400;
[0090] S300, the stepwise prevention and control actuator 400
performs a prevention and control action according to the control
instruction sent by the master controller 300.
[0091] In one embodiment, the step S200 may specifically
include:
[0092] S210: one or more of the fault diagnosis device 310, the
battery cell thermal runaway determination device 320, and the
battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device 330
generate at least one control instruction according to the
monitoring information, and send the at least one control
instruction to the stepwise prevention and control actuator
400.
[0093] In an embodiment, the step S210 may specifically
include:
[0094] S211: the internal short-circuit detector 311, the external
short-circuit detector 312, the charge-discharge fault detector
313, the insulation failure detector 314, the collision detector
315, the liquid leakage and fire detector 316 and the overheat
detector 317 respectively perform a parallel fault diagnosis on
different types of faults, determine the fault type, and send a
control instruction for a fault of level one to the stepwise
prevention and control actuator 400 according to the different
fault types.
[0095] In an embodiment, the control method may further
include:
[0096] the electrochemical status determination device 303 acquires
information of a battery with an extreme electrochemical status,
performs a model-based electrochemical abnormal status detection,
and outputs a detection result of an electrochemical status of the
battery;
[0097] the thermogenesis status determination device 304 acquires
information of a battery with an extreme thermogenesis status,
performs a model-based thermogenesis abnormal status detection, and
outputs a detection result of a thermogenesis status of the
battery;
[0098] the processor 301 stores position and status information of
the battery pack 100, and generates a control instruction of a
prevention and control action;
[0099] the selector 302 screens an extreme battery based on an
"average+difference" model;
[0100] the logic-arithmetic unit 305 performs a logic operation
according to the detection results obtained by the electrochemical
status determination device 303 and the thermogenesis status
determination device 304, and outputs an operation result to the
processor 301.
[0101] In an embodiment, the step S210 may specifically further
include:
[0102] S212: the battery cell thermal runaway predictor 321
predicts a possibility of an occurrence of the battery cell thermal
runaway, and the battery cell thermal runaway locator 322
determines a zone in which the battery cell thermal runaway
occurs;
[0103] S213: the battery cell thermal runaway predictor 321 and the
battery cell thermal runaway locator 322 send control instructions
for a fault of level two to the stepwise prevention and control
actuator 400 according to different possibilities of the battery
cell thermal runaway and different zones in which the battery cell
thermal runaway occurs.
[0104] In an embodiment, the step S210 may specifically
include:
[0105] S214: the battery pack thermal runaway spread predictor 331
determines whether a thermal runaway spread occurs in the battery
pack and an adjacent zone, and the battery pack thermal runaway
spread locator 332 locates a zone in which the battery pack thermal
runaway spread occurs;
[0106] S215: the battery pack thermal runaway spread predictor 331
and the battery pack thermal runaway spread locator 332 send
control instructions for a fault of level three to the stepwise
prevention and control actuator 400 according to different
conditions of whether the thermal runaway spread occurs in the
battery pack 100, a zone in which the battery pack thermal runaway
spread occurs, whether the battery pack 100 has a thermal runaway
spread-induced fire, and whether a battery cell catches fire.
[0107] In an embodiment, the step S210 may specifically
include:
[0108] S216: the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced fire
determination device 333 determines whether a thermal runaway
spread-induced fire occurs in the battery pack 100;
[0109] S217: the battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced
explosion determination device 334 determines whether a thermal
runaway spread-induced explosion occurs in the battery pack 100,
and sends a control instruction for a fault of level four to the
stepwise prevention and control actuator 400 if an explosion
occurs;
[0110] S218: the timer 335 records a time interval from the battery
cell thermal runaway to the explosion of the battery pack 100.
[0111] In an embodiment, the control method further includes one or
more of the following steps:
[0112] the shutoff device 421 shuts off a faulty cell and a fault
zone circuit; [0113] the isolating device 422 isolates a faulty
cell, isolates a charge-discharge circuit, and shuts off a main
circuit of the battery pack 100;
[0114] the heat flow passive guide device 431 passively guides flow
of heat;
[0115] The heat flow active guide device 435 actively guides flow
of heat;
[0116] the heat exchanger 438 implements heat exchange between the
battery pack 100 and the outside world;
[0117] the combustible gas extraction device 439 implements outward
discharging of a combustible gas.
[0118] In an embodiment, the fire extinguishing device 440 includes
a fire extinguishing agent tank body 441, a fire extinguishing
agent delivery pipeline 442, and a fire extinguishing agent
injection valve body 443. The fire extinguishing agent tank body
441 is connected to the fire extinguishing agent injection valve
body 443 through the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipeline
442. The fire extinguishing agent injection valve body 443 includes
a fire extinguishing agent injection valve body 444 in a zone I and
a fire extinguishing agent injection valve body 445 in a zone
II.
[0119] The control method further includes: the fire extinguishing
agent injection valve body 444 in the zone I and the fire
extinguishing agent injection valve body 445 in the zone II
complete injections of different doses of fire extinguishing
agent.
[0120] In an embodiment, the present disclosure further provides a
power battery pack safety prevention and control system for an
electric vehicle, including a battery pack 100, a signal collection
device 200, a master controller 300, and a stepwise prevention and
control actuator 400.
[0121] The battery pack 100 is configured to power an electric
vehicle.
[0122] One end of the signal collection device 200 is electrically
connected to the battery pack 100; the other end of the signal
collection device 200 is electrically connected to the master
controller 300, and the signal collection device 200 is configured
to acquire monitoring information of the battery pack 100 and
transmit the monitoring information to the master controller
300.
[0123] The master controller 300 includes a fault diagnosis device
310, a battery cell thermal runaway determination device 320, and a
battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device 330. The
fault diagnosis device 310, the battery cell thermal runaway
determination device 320, and the battery pack thermal runaway
spread determination device 330 are respectively electrically
connected to the stepwise prevention and control actuators 400, and
are configured to send control instructions to the stepwise
prevention and control actuator 400.
[0124] The stepwise prevention and control executor 400 is
configured to perform a prevention and control action according to
the control instructions sent by the fault diagnosis device 310,
the battery cell thermal runaway determination device 320, and the
battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device 330.
[0125] The fault diagnosis device 310 includes an internal
short-circuit detector 311, an external short-circuit detector 312,
a charge-discharge fault detector 313, an insulation failure
detector 314, a collision detector 315, a liquid leakage and fire
detector 316 and an overheat detector 317.
[0126] The internal short-circuit detector 311, the external
short-circuit detector 312, the charge-discharge fault detector
313, the insulation failure detector 314, the collision detector
315, the liquid leakage and fire detector 316 and the overheat
detector 317 are electrically connected to the signal collection
device 200 respectively.
[0127] The internal short-circuit detector 311, the external
short-circuit detector 312, the charge-discharge fault detector
313, the insulation failure detector 314, the collision detector
315, the liquid leakage and fire detector 316 and the overheat
detector 317 are respectively configured to perform a parallel
fault diagnosis on different types of faults, determine a fault
type, and send a control instruction for a fault of level one to
the stepwise prevention and control actuator 400 according to
different fault types.
[0128] The battery pack thermal runaway spread determination device
330 further includes a battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced
fire determination device 333, a battery pack thermal runaway
spread-induced explosion determination device 334, and a timer
335.
[0129] The battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced fire
determination device 333, the battery pack thermal runaway
spread-induced explosion determination device 334, and the timer
335 are electrically connected to the signal collection device 200
respectively.
[0130] The battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced fire
determination device 333 is configured to determine whether a
thermal runaway spread-induced fire occurs in the battery pack
100.
[0131] The battery pack thermal runaway spread-induced explosion
determination device 334 is configured to determine whether a
thermal runaway spread-induced explosion occurs in the battery pack
100, and send a control instruction for a fault of level four to
the stepwise prevention and control actuator 400 if an explosion
occurs.
[0132] The timer 335 is electrically connected to the battery pack
thermal runaway spread-induced explosion determination device 334,
and is configured to record a time interval from the battery cell
thermal runaway to the explosion of the battery pack 100.
[0133] The stepwise prevention and control actuator 400 includes an
alarm device 410, a thermal runaway inducement suppression device
420, a thermal runaway zone suppression device 430, a fire
extinguishing device 440, and a safety relief device 450
electrically connected to the master controller 300
respectively.
[0134] The thermal runaway inducement suppression device 420
includes a shutoff device 421 and an isolating device 422. The
shutoff device 421 and the isolating device 422 are respectively
provided as a device to perform a corresponding prevention and
control action. The shutoff device 421 is configured to shut off a
fault cell and a fault zone circuit. The isolating device 422 is
configured to isolate a fault cell, isolate a charge-discharge
circuit, and shut off a main circuit of the battery pack 100.
[0135] The various technical features in the above-mentioned
embodiments can be arbitrarily combined. To simplify the
description, all possible combinations of the technical features in
the above-mentioned embodiments are not described herein. However,
as long as there are no contradictions in the combinations of these
technical features, all the combinations should be considered
within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0136] The above-mentioned embodiments are merely several exemplary
embodiments of the present disclosure, and their descriptions are
more specific and detailed, but they should not be understood as
limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It should be noted
that, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and
improvements without departing from the concept of the present
disclosure, and these modifications and improvements all fall
within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore,
the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to
the appended claims.
* * * * *