U.S. patent application number 16/954613 was filed with the patent office on 2020-10-01 for refrigeration cycle apparatus and method of determining refrigerant enclosure amount in refrigeration cycle apparatus.
This patent application is currently assigned to DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.. Invention is credited to Mitsushi ITANO, Ikuhiro IWATA, Daisuke KARUBE, Yuzo KOMATSU, Eiji KUMAKURA, Shun OHKUBO, Kazuhiro TAKAHASHI, Tatsuya TAKAKUWA, Takuro YAMADA, Atsushi YOSHIMI, Yuuki YOTSUMOTO.
Application Number | 20200309437 16/954613 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004898981 |
Filed Date | 2020-10-01 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200309437 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
KUMAKURA; Eiji ; et
al. |
October 1, 2020 |
REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DETERMINING REFRIGERANT
ENCLOSURE AMOUNT IN REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS
Abstract
A refrigeration cycle apparatus capable of keeping a LCCP low
when a heat cycle is performed using a sufficiently small-GWP
refrigerant, and a method of determining a refrigerant enclosure
amount in the refrigeration cycle apparatus are provided. An
outdoor unit (20) including a compressor (21) and an outdoor heat
exchanger (23), an indoor unit (30) including an indoor heat
exchanger (31), and a refrigerant pipe (5, 6) that connects the
outdoor unit (20) and the indoor unit (30) to each other are
provided. A refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is
enclosed in a refrigerant circuit (10) that is constituted by
connecting the compressor (21), the outdoor heat exchanger (23),
and the indoor heat exchanger (31) to one another. An enclosure
amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (10) per 1 kW
of refrigeration capacity satisfies a condition of 160 g or more
and 560 g or less.
Inventors: |
KUMAKURA; Eiji; (Osaka,
JP) ; YAMADA; Takuro; (Osaka, JP) ; YOSHIMI;
Atsushi; (Osaka, JP) ; IWATA; Ikuhiro; (Osaka,
JP) ; ITANO; Mitsushi; (Osaka, JP) ; KARUBE;
Daisuke; (Osaka, JP) ; YOTSUMOTO; Yuuki;
(Osaka, JP) ; TAKAHASHI; Kazuhiro; (Osaka, JP)
; KOMATSU; Yuzo; (Osaka, JP) ; OHKUBO; Shun;
(Osaka, JP) ; TAKAKUWA; Tatsuya; (Osaka,
JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. |
Osaka |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Osaka
JP
|
Family ID: |
1000004898981 |
Appl. No.: |
16/954613 |
Filed: |
December 10, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
December 10, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2018/045289 |
371 Date: |
June 17, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25B 2600/05 20130101;
F25B 39/04 20130101; F25B 41/062 20130101; F25B 29/003 20130101;
F25B 2400/121 20130101; F25B 31/002 20130101; F25B 49/022 20130101;
F25B 2700/04 20130101; F25B 40/02 20130101; F25B 31/006 20130101;
F25B 40/06 20130101; F25B 39/02 20130101; F25B 41/003 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F25B 49/02 20060101
F25B049/02; F25B 31/00 20060101 F25B031/00; F25B 29/00 20060101
F25B029/00; F25B 41/00 20060101 F25B041/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242183 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242185 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242186 |
Dec 18, 2017 |
JP |
2017-242187 |
Oct 5, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/037483 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038746 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038747 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038748 |
Oct 17, 2018 |
JP |
PCT/JP2018/038749 |
Claims
1. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising: a heat source unit
including a compressor and a heat-source-side heat exchanger; a
service unit including a service-side heat exchanger; and a
refrigerant pipe that connects the heat source unit and the service
unit to each other, wherein a refrigerant containing at least
1,2-difluoroethylene is enclosed in a refrigerant circuit that is
constituted by connecting the compressor, the heat-source-side heat
exchanger, and the service-side heat exchanger to one another, and
wherein an enclosure amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant
circuit per 1 kW of capacity satisfies a condition of 160 g or more
and 560 g or less.
2. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising: a heat source unit
including a compressor and a heat-source-side heat exchanger; a
first service unit including a first service-side heat exchanger; a
second service unit including a second service-side heat exchanger;
and a refrigerant pipe that connects the heat source unit, the
first service unit, and the second service unit to one another,
wherein a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is
enclosed in a refrigerant circuit that is constituted by connecting
the first service-side heat exchanger and the second service-side
heat exchanger in parallel to the compressor and the
heat-source-side heat exchanger, and wherein an enclosure amount of
the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity satisfies a condition of 190 g or more and
1660 g or less.
3. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf).
4. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segments BD, CO, and OA); the line segment AA' is represented by
coordinates (x, 0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497,
-0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A'B is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7,
-0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment DC' is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4,
-0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line segment C'C is represented
by coordinates (x, 0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729,
-0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and the line segments BD, CO, and
OA are straight lines.
5. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI,
IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8
points: point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point
A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0,
58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG); the
line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
6. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP,
PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9
points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point
N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ); the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91), the
line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
7. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP,
PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9
points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point
L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ); the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43) the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
8. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF); the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line
segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
9. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points: point P (55.8,
42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6),
and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments; the
line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), the
line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
10. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM,
MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points: point
S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),
and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments, the
line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), the line
segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112), and
the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
11. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E))
and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant
comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the
entire refrigerant.
12. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant
comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the
entire refrigerant.
13. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that connect the
following 6 points: point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point
A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7,
-0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D' (0.0,
0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G, point I,
point A, point B, point D', and point C); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within
the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW,
and WG that connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W); if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273), point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W); if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014), point A
(0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, -0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286,
-0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates
(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of
a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that
connect the following 5 points: point G
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W).
14. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the
refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that connect the
following 5 points: point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0), point K'
(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point
J, point B, point D', and point C); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within
the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BW,
and WJ that connect the following 4 points: point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K' (0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801),
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points: point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); if
26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and if
36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points: point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13,
0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0,
0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and
AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
15. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN,
NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0,
28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line segments (excluding the
points on the line segment EI; the line segment IJ is represented
by coordinates (0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y,
-0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0); the line segment NE is represented by
coordinates (0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y,
-0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and the line segments JN and EI are
straight lines.
16. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N,
NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points: point M (52.6,
0.0, 47.4), point M'(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on
these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4); the line
segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02); the
line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4); and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
17. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU,
and UO that connect the following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8,
40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments; the line segment ON is represented by
coordinates (0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488); the line segment NU is represented
by coordinates (0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y,
-0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365); and the line segment UO is a
straight line.
18. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT,
TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points: point Q (44.6,
23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on
these line segments; the line segment QR is represented by
coordinates (0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y,
-0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235); the line segment RT is represented
by coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874); the line segment LK is represented
by coordinates (0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512); the line segment KQ is represented
by coordinates (0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y,
-0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324); and the line segment TL is a
straight line.
19. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST,
and TP that connect the following 3 points: point P (20.5, 51.7,
27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments; the line segment PS is represented by
coordinates (0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y,
-0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9); the line segment ST is represented by
coordinates (0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874); and the line segment TP is a
straight line.
20. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG,
and GI that connect the following 6 points: point I (72.0, 28.0,
0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point
H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GI); the line segment IK is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z), the line segment HR is represented
by coordinates (-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06,
0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the line segment RG is represented
by coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments KB' and GI
are straight lines.
21. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments U, JR, RG, and GI
that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G
(38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment GI); the line segment U is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0,
z), the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
22. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG,
and GM that connect the following 6 points: point M (47.1, 52.9,
0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B' (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point
H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,
61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segments B'H and GM); the line segment MP is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z), the
line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines.
23. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM
that connect the following 4 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G
(38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment GM); the line segment MN is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
24. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that
connect the following 3 points: point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S
(25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these
line segments; the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and the
line segment PS is a straight line.
25. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their
sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and
UQ that connect the following 4 points: point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U
(28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line segments (excluding the points
on the line segment B''D); the line segment DU is represented by
coordinates (-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1,
3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1, z), the line segment UQ is
represented by coordinates (0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133,
-0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z), and the line segments QB'' and
B''D are straight lines.
26. A method of determining a refrigerant enclosure amount in a
refrigeration cycle apparatus, comprising: for a refrigeration
cycle apparatus including a heat source unit including a compressor
and a heat-source-side heat exchanger, a service unit including a
service-side heat exchanger, and a refrigerant pipe that connects
the heat source unit and the service unit to each other, and for a
refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene being enclosed
in a refrigerant circuit that is constituted by connecting the
compressor, the heat-source-side heat exchanger, and the
service-side heat exchanger to one another, setting an enclosure
amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity to 160 g or more and 560 g or less; and for
a refrigeration cycle apparatus including a heat source unit
including a compressor and a heat-source-side heat exchanger, a
first service unit including a first service-side heat exchanger, a
second service unit including a second service-side heat exchanger,
and a refrigerant pipe that connects the heat source unit, the
first service unit, and the second service unit to one another, and
for a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene being
enclosed in a refrigerant circuit that is constituted by connecting
the first service-side heat exchanger and the second service-side
heat exchanger in parallel to the compressor and the
heat-source-side heat exchanger, setting an enclosure amount of the
refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit per 1 kW of refrigeration
capacity to 190 g or more and 1660 g or less.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration cycle
apparatus and a method of determining a refrigerant enclosure
amount in the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Conventionally, heat cycle systems such as air conditioning
apparatuses frequently use R410A as a refrigerant. R410A is a
two-component mixed refrigerant of difluoromethane
(CH.sub.2F.sub.2; HFC-32 or R32) and pentafluoroethane
(C.sub.2HF.sub.5; HFC-125 or R125), and is a pseudo-azeotropic
composition.
[0003] However, R410A has a global warming potential (GWP) of 2088.
In recent years, R32 which is a refrigerant having a lower GWP of
675 is being more used as a result of growing concern about global
warming.
[0004] Due to this, for example, PTL 1 (International Publication
No. 2015/141678) suggests various low-GWP mixed refrigerants
alternative to R410A.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0005] An example of an index concerning prevention of global
warming may be an index called life cycle climate performance
(LCCP). The LCCP is an index concerning prevention of global
warming, and is a numerical value obtained by adding an energy
consumption when greenhouse effect gases to be used are
manufactured (indirect impact) and a leakage to the outside air
(direct impact) to a total equivalent warning impact (TEWI). The
unit of the LCCP is kg-CO.sub.2. That is, the TEWI is obtained by
adding a direct impact and an indirect impact calculated using
respective predetermined mathematical expressions. The LCCP is
calculated using the following relational expression.
LCCP=GWPRM.times.W+GWP.times.W.times.(1-R)+N.times.Q.times.A
[0006] In the expression, GWPRM is a warming effect relating to
manufacturing of a refrigerant, W is a refrigerant filling amount,
R is a refrigerant recovery amount when an apparatus is scrapped, N
is a duration of using the apparatus (year), Q is an emission
intensity of CO.sub.2, and A is an annual power consumption.
[0007] Regarding the LCCP of the refrigeration cycle apparatus,
when the filling amount in the refrigerant circuit is too small, an
insufficiency of the refrigerant decreases cycle efficiency,
resulting in an increase in the LCCP; and when the filling amount
in the refrigerant circuit is too large, the impact of the GWP
increases, resulting in an increase in the LCCP. Moreover, a
refrigerant having a lower GWP than R32 which has been frequently
used tends to have a low heat-transfer capacity, and tends to have
a large LCCP as the result of the decrease in cycle efficiency.
[0008] The content of the present disclosure aims at the
above-described point and an object of the present disclosure is to
provide a refrigeration cycle apparatus capable of keeping a LCCP
low when a heat cycle is performed using a sufficiently small-GWP
refrigerant, and a method of determining a refrigerant enclosure
amount in the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
Solution to Problem
[0009] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a first aspect
includes a heat source unit, a service unit, and a refrigerant
pipe. The heat source unit includes a compressor and a
heat-source-side heat exchanger. The service unit includes a
service-side heat exchanger. The refrigerant pipe connects the heat
source unit and the service unit to each other. A refrigerant
containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is enclosed in a
refrigerant circuit that is constituted by connecting the
compressor, the heat-source-side heat exchanger, and the
service-side heat exchanger to one another. An enclosure amount of
the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit satisfies a condition of
160 g or more and 560 g or less per 1 kW of refrigeration capacity
of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
[0010] Note that the refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration
cycle apparatus represents a rated refrigeration capacity.
[0011] Since the refrigerant containing at least
1,2-difluoroethylene is enclosed in the refrigerant circuit by an
amount of 160 g or more and 560 g or less per 1 kW of refrigeration
capacity, when the refrigeration cycle apparatus performs a heat
cycle using a refrigerant with a sufficiently small GWP, the LCCP
can be kept low.
[0012] Note that, for the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid
with which the inside can be filled) of the heat-source-side heat
exchanger, when the refrigerant circuit is not provided with a
refrigerant container (for example, a low-pressure receiver or a
high-pressure receiver, excluding an accumulator belonging to a
compressor), the inner capacity is preferably 0.4 L or more and 2.5
L or less. When the refrigerant circuit is provided with a
refrigerant container, the inner capacity is preferably 1.4 L or
more and less than 5.0 L.
[0013] Moreover, for the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid with
which the inside can be filled) of the heat-source-side heat
exchanger included in the heat source unit provided with only one
fan, when the heat source unit has a casing having a blow-out port
for blowing out the air which has passed through the
heat-source-side heat exchanger in a side surface in an installed
state (when the heat source unit is trunk type or the like), the
inner capacity is preferably 0.4 L or more and less than 3.5 L. For
the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid with which the inside can
be filled) of the heat-source-side heat exchanger included in the
heat source unit provided with two fans, when the heat source unit
has a casing having a blow-out port for blowing out the air which
has passed through the heat-source-side heat exchanger in a side
surface in an installed state (when the heat source unit is trunk
type or the like), the inner capacity is preferably 3.5 L or more
and less than 5.0 L.
[0014] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second aspect
includes a heat source unit, a first service unit, a second service
unit, and a refrigerant pipe. The heat source unit includes a
compressor and a heat-source-side heat exchanger. The first service
unit includes a first service-side heat exchanger. The second
service unit includes a second service-side heat exchanger. The
refrigerant pipe connects the heat source unit, the first service
unit, and the second service unit to one another. A refrigerant
containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is enclosed in a
refrigerant circuit that is constituted by connecting the first
service-side heat exchanger and the second service-side heat
exchanger in parallel to the compressor and the heat-source-side
heat exchanger. An enclosure amount of the refrigerant in the
refrigerant circuit per 1 kW of refrigeration capacity satisfies a
condition of 190 g or more and 1660 g or less.
[0015] Since the refrigerant containing at least
1,2-difluoroethylene is enclosed in the refrigerant circuit
including the plurality of service-side heat exchangers connected
in parallel to each other, by an amount of 190 g or more and 1660 g
or less per 1 kW of refrigeration capacity, when the refrigeration
cycle apparatus performs a heat cycle using a refrigerant with a
sufficiently small GWP, the LCCP can be kept low.
[0016] Note that, for the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid
with which the inside can be filled) of the heat-source-side heat
exchanger, when the first service unit does not have an expansion
valve on the liquid side of the first service-side heat exchanger
and the second service unit also does not have an expansion valve
on the liquid side of the second service-side heat exchanger, the
inner capacity is preferably 1.4 L or more and less than 5.0 L.
When the first service unit has an expansion valve on the liquid
side of the first service-side heat exchanger and the second
service unit also has an expansion valve on the liquid side of the
second service-side heat exchanger, the inner capacity is
preferably 5.0 L or more and 38 L or less.
[0017] Moreover, for the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid with
which the inside can be filled) of the heat-source-side heat
exchanger included in the heat source unit provided with only one
fan, when the heat source unit has a casing having a blow-out port
for blowing out the air which has passed through the
heat-source-side heat exchanger in a side surface in an installed
state (when the heat source unit is trunk type or the like), the
inner capacity is preferably 0.4 L or more and less than 3.5 L. For
the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid with which the inside can
be filled) of the heat-source-side heat exchanger included in the
heat source unit provided with two fans, when the heat source unit
has a casing having a blow-out port for blowing out the air which
has passed through the heat-source-side heat exchanger in a side
surface in an installed state (when the heat source unit is trunk
type or the like), the inner capacity is preferably 3.5 L or more
and 7.0 L or less. For the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid
with which the inside can be filled) of the heat-source-side heat
exchanger included in the heat source unit that blows out upward
the air which has passed through the heat-source-side heat
exchanger, the inner capacity is preferably 5.5 L or more and 38 L
or less.
[0018] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a third aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first or
second aspect, wherein
[0019] the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0020] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, and a refrigeration capacity (possibly
referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equivalent to those of R410A.
[0021] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third aspect,
wherein
[0022] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segments BD, CO, and OA);
[0023] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0024] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0025] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0026] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0027] the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
[0028] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third aspect,
wherein
[0029] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI,
IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that connect the following 8
points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
[0030] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0031] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0032] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0033] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0034] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0035] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third aspect,
wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP,
PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9
points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments
BD and CJ);
[0036] the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0037] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91),
[0038] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0039] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0040] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0041] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0042] the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0043] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventh
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third
aspect, wherein
[0044] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP,
PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that connect the following 9
points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the
above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD
and CJ);
[0045] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43)
[0046] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0047] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0048] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0049] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0050] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0051] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third
aspect, wherein
[0052] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7
points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF);
[0053] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0054] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0055] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0056] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0057] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0058] the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
[0059] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a ninth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third aspect,
wherein
[0060] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,
LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q
(62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above
line segments;
[0061] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0062] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0063] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
[0064] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a tenth aspect
is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third aspect,
wherein
[0065] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM,
MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A'
(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8,
38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line
segments,
[0066] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0067] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0068] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0069] the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112),
and
[0070] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
[0071] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eleventh
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0072] the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
[0073] the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of
HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
[0074] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, a coefficient of performance (COP) and a
refrigeration capacity (possibly referred to as cooling capacity or
capacity) equivalent to those of R410A, and being classified with
lower flammability (class 2L) according to the standard of the
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE).
[0075] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twelfth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0076] the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a
total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire
refrigerant, and
[0077] the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of
HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
[0078] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, a coefficient of performance (COP) and a
refrigeration capacity (possibly referred to as cooling capacity or
capacity) equivalent to those of R410A, and being classified with
lower flammability (class 2L) according to the standard of the
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE).
[0079] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirteenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0080] the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123),
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane
(R32),
wherein
[0081] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, z, and a,
[0082] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that
connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0,
0.0), point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6,
0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G,
point I, point A, point B, point D', and point C);
[0083] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895,
0.0), point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W);
[0084] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
[0085] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
and
[0086] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
[0087] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, and a refrigeration capacity (possibly
referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equivalent to those of R410A.
[0088] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourteenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0089] the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123),
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane
(R32),
wherein
[0090] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented
by x, y, z, and a, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9,
0.0), point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7,
-0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9, -0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B
(0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D' (0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4,
-0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point J, point
B, point D', and point C);
[0091] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801),
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0092] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0093] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714), and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
[0094] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87,
0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,
and point W).
[0095] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, and a refrigeration capacity (possibly
referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) and a coefficient of
performance (COP) equivalent to those of R410A.
[0096] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifteenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0097] the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
[0098] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN,
NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;
[0099] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0);
[0100] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and
[0101] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.
[0102] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, a refrigeration capacity (possibly
referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of
R410A, and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L)
according to the standard of the American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
[0103] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixteenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0104] the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein
[0105] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM', MN,
NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M'(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM);
[0106] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4);
[0107] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02);
[0108] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4);
and
[0109] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
[0110] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, a refrigeration capacity (possibly
referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of
R410A, and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L)
according to the standard of the American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
[0111] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventeenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0112] the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein
[0113] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU,
and UO that connect the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments;
[0114] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
[0115] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and
[0116] the line segment UO is a straight line.
[0117] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, a refrigeration capacity (possibly
referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of
R410A, and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L)
according to the standard of the American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
[0118] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighteenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0119] the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein
[0120] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT,
TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments;
[0121] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235);
[0122] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
[0123] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
[0124] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and
[0125] the line segment TL is a straight line.
[0126] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, a refrigeration capacity (possibly
referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of
R410A, and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L)
according to the standard of the American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
[0127] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a nineteenth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf,
wherein
[0128] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST,
and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments;
[0129] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0130] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and
[0131] the line segment TP is a straight line.
[0132] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, a refrigeration capacity (possibly
referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of
R410A, and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L)
according to the standard of the American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
[0133] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twentieth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein the refrigerant comprises
trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene
(HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
[0134] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB',
B'H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GI);
[0135] the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0136] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0137] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments KB' and GI are straight lines.
[0138] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equivalent to that of R410A.
[0139] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty first
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0140] the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32,
wherein
[0141] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR,
RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
[0142] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0143] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0144] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
[0145] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equivalent to that of R410A.
[0146] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty second
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0147] the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32,
wherein
[0148] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB',
B'H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GM);
[0149] the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0150] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0151] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0152] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines.
[0153] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equivalent to that of R410A.
[0154] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty third
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0155] the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32,
wherein
[0156] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR,
RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
[0157] the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0158] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0159] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
[0160] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equivalent to that of R410A.
[0161] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty fourth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein
[0162] the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R32,
wherein
[0163] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST,
and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T
(34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments;
[0164] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z),
[0165] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0166] the line segment PS is a straight line.
[0167] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equivalent to that of R410A.
[0168] A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty fifth
aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
or second aspect, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein
[0169] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y,
and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'',
B''D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D
(0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment B''D);
[0170] the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z),
[0171] the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and
[0172] the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines.
[0173] The refrigeration cycle apparatus can perform a
refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant having properties including
a sufficiently small GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP)
equivalent to that of R410A.
[0174] A method of determining a refrigerant enclosure amount in a
refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty-sixth aspect,
for a refrigeration cycle apparatus including a heat source unit
including a compressor and a heat-source-side heat exchanger, a
service unit including a service-side heat exchanger, and a
refrigerant pipe that connects the heat source unit and the service
unit to each other, and for a refrigerant containing at least
1,2-difluoroethylene being enclosed in a refrigerant circuit that
is constituted by connecting the compressor, the heat-source-side
heat exchanger, and the service-side heat exchanger to one another,
sets an enclosure amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant
circuit per 1 kW of refrigeration capacity to 160 g or more and 560
g or less. The method of determining the refrigerant enclosure
amount, for a refrigeration cycle apparatus including a heat source
unit including a compressor and a heat-source-side heat exchanger,
a first service unit including a first service-side heat exchanger,
a second service unit including a second service-side heat
exchanger, and a refrigerant pipe that connects the heat source
unit, the first service unit, and the second service unit to one
another, and for a refrigerant containing at least
1,2-difluoroethylene being enclosed in a refrigerant circuit that
is constituted by connecting the first service-side heat exchanger
and the second service-side heat exchanger in parallel to the
compressor and the heat-source-side heat exchanger, sets an
enclosure amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit per
1 kW of refrigeration capacity to 190 g or more and 1660 g or
less.
[0175] With the method of determining the refrigerant enclosure
amount, when a heat cycle is performed using a sufficiently small
GWP, a refrigeration cycle apparatus having a LCCP kept low can be
provided.
[0176] Note that, for the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid
with which the inside can be filled) of the heat-source-side heat
exchanger of the refrigeration cycle apparatus provided with one
service unit, when the refrigerant circuit is not provided with a
refrigerant container (for example, a low-pressure receiver or a
high-pressure receiver, excluding an accumulator belonging to a
compressor), the inner capacity is preferably 0.4 L or more and 2.5
L or less. When the refrigerant circuit is provided with a
refrigerant container, the inner capacity is preferably 1.4 L or
more and less than 5.0 L.
[0177] Moreover, regarding the refrigeration cycle apparatus
provided with one service unit, for the inner capacity (the volume
of a fluid with which the inside can be filled) of the
heat-source-side heat exchanger included in the heat source unit
provided with only one fan, when the heat source unit has a casing
having a blow-out port for blowing out the air which has passed
through the heat-source-side heat exchanger in a side surface in an
installed state (when the heat source unit is trunk type or the
like), the inner capacity is preferably 0.4 L or more and less than
3.5 L. For the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid with which the
inside can be filled) of the heat-source-side heat exchanger
included in the heat source unit provided with two fans, when the
heat source unit has a casing having a blow-out port for blowing
out the air which has passed through the heat-source-side heat
exchanger in a side surface in an installed state (when the heat
source unit is trunk type or the like), the inner capacity is
preferably 3.5 L or more and less than 5.0 L.
[0178] Note that, for the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid
with which the inside can be filled) of the heat-source-side heat
exchanger of the refrigeration cycle apparatus provided with the
first service unit and the second service unit, when the first
service unit does not have an expansion valve on the liquid side of
the first service-side heat exchanger and the second service unit
also does not have an expansion valve on the liquid side of the
second service-side heat exchanger, the inner capacity is
preferably 1.4 L or more and less than 5.0 L. When the first
service unit has an expansion valve on the liquid side of the first
service-side heat exchanger and the second service unit also has an
expansion valve on the liquid side of the second service-side heat
exchanger, the inner capacity is preferably 5.0 L or more and 38 L
or less.
[0179] Moreover, regarding the refrigeration cycle apparatus
provided with the first service unit and the second service unit,
for the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid with which the inside
can be filled) of the heat-source-side heat exchanger included in
the heat source unit provided with only one fan, when the heat
source unit has a casing having a blow-out port for blowing out the
air which has passed through the heat-source-side heat exchanger in
a side surface in an installed state (when the heat source unit is
trunk type or the like), the inner capacity is preferably 0.4 L or
more and less than 3.5 L. For the inner capacity (the volume of a
fluid with which the inside can be filled) of the heat-source-side
heat exchanger included in the heat source unit provided with two
fans, when the heat source unit has a casing having a blow-out port
for blowing out the air which has passed through the
heat-source-side heat exchanger in a side surface in an installed
state (when the heat source unit is trunk type or the like), the
inner capacity is preferably 3.5 L or more and 7.0 L or less. For
the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid with which the inside can
be filled) of the heat-source-side heat exchanger included in the
heat source unit that blows out upward the air which has passed
through the heat-source-side heat exchanger, the inner capacity is
preferably 5.5 L or more and 38 L or less.
[0180] Note that the refrigerant for the method of determining the
refrigerant enclosure amount in the refrigeration cycle apparatus
according to the twenty-sixth aspect may be the same refrigerant as
the refrigerant used for the refrigeration cycle apparatus
according to any one of the third aspect to the twenty-fifth
aspect.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0181] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a
flammability test.
[0182] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments
that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0183] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %.
[0184] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, and
K', and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1
mass %).
[0185] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D', G, I, J, K',
and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in
a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1
mass %).
[0186] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5
mass %).
[0187] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2
mass %).
[0188] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9
mass %).
[0189] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and W,
and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7
mass %).
[0190] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3
mass %).
[0191] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7
mass %).
[0192] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1
mass %).
[0193] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K', and
W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8
mass %).
[0194] FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and Ito W;
and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and Ito W in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32,
and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
[0195] FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments
that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which
the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.
[0196] FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a
refrigerant circuit according to a first embodiment.
[0197] FIG. 17 is a schematic control block configuration diagram
of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first
embodiment.
[0198] FIG. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram of a
refrigerant circuit according to a second embodiment.
[0199] FIG. 19 is a schematic control block configuration diagram
of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the second
embodiment.
[0200] FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of a
refrigerant circuit according to a third embodiment.
[0201] FIG. 21 is a schematic control block configuration diagram
of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third
embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Definition of Terms
[0202] In the present specification, the term "refrigerant"
includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817
(International Organization for Standardization), and that are
given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of
refrigerant with "R" at the beginning; and further includes
refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such
refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given.
Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and
non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the
compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons
(HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene
(R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744),
ammonia (R717), and the like.
[0203] In the present specification, the phrase "composition
comprising a refrigerant" at least includes (1) a refrigerant
itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition
that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with
at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a
refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating
machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present
specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is
referred to as a "refrigerant composition" so as to distinguish it
from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants).
Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is
referred to as a "refrigeration oil-containing working fluid" so as
to distinguish it from the "refrigerant composition."
[0204] In the present specification, when the term "alternative" is
used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with
the second refrigerant, the first type of "alternative" means that
equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be
operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions,
optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the
following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve,
dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words,
this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated
with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of
"alternative" include "drop-in alternative," "nearly drop-in
alternative," and "retrofit," in the order in which the extent of
changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first
refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
[0205] The term "alternative" also includes a second type of
"alternative," which means that equipment designed for operation
using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the
existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second
refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is
achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
[0206] In the present specification, the term "refrigerating
machine" refers to machines in general that draw heat from an
object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature
of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words,
refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain
energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy
conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is
lower to where the temperature is higher.
[0207] In the present specification, a refrigerant having a "WCF
lower flammability" means that the most flammable composition
(worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning
velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a
refrigerant having "ASHRAE lower flammability" means that the
burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable
fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability:
WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during
storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF,
has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability
classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is
determined to classified as be "Class 2L."
[0208] In the present specification, a refrigerant having an "RCL
of x % or more" means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant
concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a
concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors.
RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity,
suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are
present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard.
More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute
toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL),
and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively
calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of
the ASHRAE Standard.
[0209] In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an
absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature
and the end temperature in the phase change process of a
composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in
the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.
(2) Refrigerant
(2-1) Refrigerant Component
[0210] Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A,
refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E,
details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used
as the refrigerant.
(2-2) Use of Refrigerant
[0211] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be
preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
[0212] The composition according to the present disclosure is
suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant
such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22
etc.
(3) Refrigerant Composition
[0213] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be
further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a
working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
[0214] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure further comprises at least one other component in
addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may
comprise at least one of the following other components, if
necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a
refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at
least a refrigeration oil.
[0215] Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise
a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition
according to the present disclosure, the content of the
refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is
preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
(3-1) Water
[0216] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content
of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less
based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained
in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the
molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present
in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated
fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the
stability of the refrigerant composition.
(3-2) Tracer
[0217] A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according
to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that
when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or
undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
[0218] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more
tracers.
[0219] The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from
commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an
impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present
disclosure is selected as the tracer.
[0220] Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons,
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons,
fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated
compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and
nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O). The tracer is particularly preferably a
hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon,
a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a
fluoroether.
[0221] The following compounds are preferable as the tracer. [0222]
FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF.sub.4) [0223] HCC-40 (chloromethane,
CH.sub.3Cl) [0224] HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF.sub.3) [0225]
HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH.sub.3Cl) [0226] HFC-125
(pentafluoroethane, CF.sub.3CHF.sub.2) [0227] HFC-134a
(1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2F) [0228] HFC-134
(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CHF.sub.2) [0229] HFC-143a
(1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.3) [0230] HFC-143
(1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CH.sub.2F) [0231] HFC-152a
(1,1-difluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CH.sub.3) [0232] HFC-152
(1,2-difluoroethane, CH.sub.2FCH.sub.2F) [0233] HFC-161
(fluoroethane, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2F) [0234] HFC-245fa
(1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2) [0235]
HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CF.sub.3)
[0236] HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane,
CF.sub.3CHFCHF.sub.2) [0237] HFC-227ea
(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCF.sub.3) [0238]
HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF.sub.2) [0239] HCFC-31
(chlorofluoromethane, CH.sub.2ClF) [0240] CFC-1113
(chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF.sub.2.dbd.CClF) [0241] HFE-125
(trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCHF.sub.2) [0242]
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2F)
[0243] HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.3)
[0244] HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether,
CF.sub.3OCHFCF.sub.3) [0245] HFE-236fa
(trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether,
CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3)
[0246] The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant
composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million
(ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present
in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30
ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is
present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300
ppm.
(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye
[0247] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or
two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
[0248] The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent
dyes.
[0249] Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include
naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene,
thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives
thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably
either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.
(3-4) Stabilizer
[0250] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more
stabilizers.
[0251] The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected
from commonly used stabilizers.
[0252] Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and
amines.
[0253] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro
compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro
compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
[0254] Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.
[0255] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine
and diphenylamine.
[0256] Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and
benzotriazole.
[0257] The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the
content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more
preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor
[0258] The refrigerant composition according to the present
disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two
or more polymerization inhibitors.
[0259] The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
[0260] Examples of polymerization inhibitors include
4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether,
dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and
benzotriazole.
[0261] The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited.
Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is
preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %,
based on the entire refrigerant.
(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid
[0262] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or
refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a
refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating
machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working
fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a
refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine
with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The
refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10
to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
(4-1) Refrigeration Oil
[0263] The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably
selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case,
refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing
the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture,
for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
[0264] The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for
example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of
polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl
ethers (PVE).
[0265] The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in
addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member
selected from the group consisting of antioxidants,
extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper
deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming
agents.
[0266] A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400
cSt at 40.degree. C. is preferable from the standpoint of
lubrication.
[0267] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one
additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents
described below.
(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent
[0268] The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to
the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent,
or two or more compatibilizing agents.
[0269] The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be
suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.
[0270] Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene
glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters,
lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes.
The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a
polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
(5) Various Refrigerants
[0271] Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the
refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in
detail.
[0272] In addition, each description of the following refrigerant
A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E
is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line
segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative
examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A,
the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the
refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant
A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different
embodiment from each other.
(5-1) Refrigerant A
[0273] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0274] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of
performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a
sufficiently low GWP.
[0275] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally
further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following
requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties
desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a
refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are
equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0276] Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:
[0277] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x,
y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
CO);
[0278] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0279] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3,
[0280] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0281] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0282] the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
[0283] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A.
[0284] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based
on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded
by line segments GI, IA, AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CG that
connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A
(68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding
the points on the line segment CG);
[0285] the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0286] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0287] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0288] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0289] the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0290] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A
has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the
WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0291] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N
(68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A' (30.6,
30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on
the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment
CJ);
[0292] the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0293] the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,
0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91, -0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91),
[0294] the line segment KA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0295] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0296] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0297] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0298] the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0299] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a
burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
[0300] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure
is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is
preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA', A'B, BD, DC', C' C, and CJ that
connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0,
39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point
C' (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above
line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
[0301] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0302] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0303] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0304] the line segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6),
[0305] the line segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271),
and
[0306] the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
[0307] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5%
or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has
an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0308] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present
disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the
refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TP
that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M
(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,
41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment BF);
[0309] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0310] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0311] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0312] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0313] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0314] the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
[0315] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an
RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0316] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect
the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q
(62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above
line segments;
[0317] the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43, 0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43),
[0318] the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,
0.00672x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.00672x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475),
and
[0319] the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
[0320] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more
relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more,
furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide
of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0321] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA', A'B, BF, FT, and TS
that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point
A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0,
61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line
segments,
[0322] the line segment MA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503),
[0323] the line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3),
[0324] the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2),
[0325] the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,
-0.0017x.sup.2-0.7869x+70.888, -0.0017x.sup.2-0.2131x+29.112),
and
[0326] the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
[0327] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or
more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m.sup.3 or more
furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or
more relative to that of R410A.
[0328] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a
ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect
the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);
[0329] the line segment dg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0330] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0331] the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.
[0332] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0333] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is respectively
represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded
by line segments lg, gh, hi, and it that connect the following 4
points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h
(56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line
segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
[0334] the line segment lg is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0335] the line gh is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0336] the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
[0337] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0338] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0339] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within
the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and
fO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);
[0340] the line segment de is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0341] the line segment ef is represented by coordinates
(-0.0064z.sup.2-1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z.sup.2+0.1565z+34.499, z),
and
[0342] the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.
[0343] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0344] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0345] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0346] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le,
ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f
(65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line
segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
[0347] the line segment le is represented by coordinates
(0.0047y.sup.2-1.5177y+87.598, y,
-0.0047y.sup.2+0.5177y+12.402),
[0348] the line segment of is represented by coordinates
(-0.0134z.sup.2-1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z.sup.2+0.0825z+43.308, z),
and
[0349] the line segments fi and it are straight lines.
[0350] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio
of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the
refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the
ASHRAE Standard.
[0351] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0352] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0353] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa,
ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point c
(77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line
segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points O and c);
[0354] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y,
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0355] the line segment be is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0356] the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.
[0357] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0358] The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0359] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0360] coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb,
bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and point j
(72.5, 23.2, 4.3), or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
[0361] the line segment kb is represented by coordinates
(0.0052y.sup.2-1.5588y+93.385, y, and
-0.0052y.sup.2+0.5588y+6.615),
[0362] the line segment bj is represented by coordinates
(-0.0032z.sup.2-1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z.sup.2+0.1791z+22.407, z),
and
[0363] the line segment jk is a straight line.
[0364] When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of
95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant
has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE
Standard.
[0365] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties
and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass %
or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0366] The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more,
based on the entire refrigerant.
[0367] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one
additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant A)
[0368] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A
is not limited to the Examples.
[0369] The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed
refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the
values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated
therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and
HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The
refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a
mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by
performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the
mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport
Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following
conditions.
[0370] Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL
of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol.
%, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the
ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5 K Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0371] Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Exam- Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3
Exam- ple 2 Exam- Ex. 4 Item Unit Ex. 1 O A ple 1 A' ple 3 B
HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 100.0 68.6 49.0 30.6 14.1 0.0 HFO-1123
mass % 0.0 0.0 14.9 30.0 44.8 58.7 R1234yf mass % 0.0 31.4 36.1
39.4 41.1 41.3 GWP -- 2088 1 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 100
99.7 100.0 98.6 97.3 96.3 95.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative
100 98.3 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 0.1 0.00 1.98 3.36 4.46 5.15 5.35 glide
Discharge % (relative 100.0 99.3 87.1 88.9 90.6 92.1 93.2 pressure
to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 -- 30.7 37.5 44.0 52.7 64.0 78.6
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comp. Exam- Comp. Comp. Exam- Comp. Ex. 5
Exam- ple 5 Exam- Ex. 6 Ex. 7 ple 7 Ex. 8 Item Unit C ple 4 C' ple
6 D E E' F HFO-1132(E) mass % 32.9 26.6 19.5 10.9 0.0 58.0 23.4 0.0
HFO-1123 mass % 67.1 68.4 70.5 74.1 80.4 42.0 48.5 61.8 R1234yf
mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 19.6 0.0 28.1 38.2 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
COP ratio % (relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 to
410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.4 105.2 102.9 100.5 97.9 105.0
92.5 86.9 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.16
0.52 0.94 1.42 1.90 0.42 3.16 4.80 glide Discharge % (relative
119.5 117.4 115.3 113.0 115.9 112.7 101.0 95.8 pressure to 410A)
RCL g/m.sup.3 53.5 57.1 62.0 69.1 81.3 41.9 46.3 79.0
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comp. Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Ex. 9
ple 8 ple 9 ple 10 ple 11 ple 12 Item Unit J P L N N' K HFO-1132(E)
mass % 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9
16.3 7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 GWP -- 1 1 1
1 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.8 95.0 96.1 97.9 99.1 99.5 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 104.1 101.6 95.0 88.2 85.0 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.31 0.57 0.81 1.41 2.11
2.51 glide Discharge % (relative 115.8 111.9 107.8 99.0 91.2 87.7
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 46.2 42.6 40.0 38.0 38.7 39.7
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
ple 13 ple 14 ple 15 ple 16 ple 17 ple 18 ple 19 Item Unit L M Q R
S S' T HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.8 49.8 62.6 50.0 35.8
HFO-1123 mass % 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9 R1234yf mass %
5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9 9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP -- 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COP ratio %
(relative 96.1 99.4 96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 to 410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 101.6 85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacity ratio to
410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.81 2.58 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.55 2.07
glide Discharge % (relative 107.8 87.9 106.0 109.6 105.0 105.0
105.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 40.0 40.0 40.0 44.8 40.0 44.4
50.8
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comp. Ex. 10 Example 20 Example 21 Item Unit
G H I HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 14.0
0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 14.0 28.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative
96.6 98.2 99.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 95.1 86.6
capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation glide .degree. C. 0.46 1.27
1.71 Discharge pressure % (relative 108.4 98.7 88.6 to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 37.4 37.0 36.6
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Comp. Comp. Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Comp. Item Unit Ex. 11 Ex. 12 ple 22 ple 23 ple 24 ple 25 ple 26
Ex. 13 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0
HFO-1123 mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R1234yf
mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP
ratio % (relative 91.4 92.0 92.8 93.7 94.7 95.8 96.9 98.0 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.7 105.5 105.0 104.3 103.3 102.0 100.6
99.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.40 0.46
0.55 0.66 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.67 glide Discharge % (relative 120.1
118.7 116.7 114.3 111.6 108.7 105.6 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 71.0 61.9 54.9 49.3 44.8 41.0 37.8 35.1
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Comp. Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 ple 27 ple 28 ple 29 ple 30 ple 31 ple 32
Ex. 15 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0
HFO-1123 mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf
mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 COP ratio % (relative 91.9 92.5 93.3 94.3 95.3 96.4 97.5 98.6 to
410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.2 102.9 102.4 101.5 100.5 99.2
97.8 96.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.87
0.94 1.03 1.12 1.18 1.18 1.09 0.88 glide Discharge % (relative
116.7 115.2 113.2 110.8 108.1 105.2 102.1 99.0 pressure to 410A)
RCL g/m.sup.3 70.5 61.6 54.6 49.1 44.6 40.8 37.7 35.0
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Comp. Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Comp. Item Unit Ex. 16 ple 33 ple 34 ple 35 ple 36 ple 37 ple 38
Ex. 17 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0
HFO-1123 mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass
% 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
COP ratio % (relative 92.4 93.1 93.9 94.8 95.9 97.0 98.1 99.2 to
410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.5 100.2 99.6 98.7 97.7 96.4
94.9 93.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.41
1.49 1.56 1.62 1.63 1.55 1.37 1.05 glide Discharge % (relative
113.1 111.6 109.6 107.2 104.5 101.6 98.6 95.5 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 70.0 61.2 54.4 48.9 44.4 40.7 37.5 34.8
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Item Unit ple 39 ple 40 ple 41 ple 42 ple 43 ple 44 ple 45
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass
% 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.0
93.7 94.5 95.5 96.5 97.6 98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative
97.7 97.4 96.8 95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 2.03 2.09 2.13 2.14 2.07 1.91 1.61 glide
Discharge % (relative 109.4 107.9 105.9 103.5 100.8 98.0 95.0
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 69.6 60.9 54.1 48.7 44.2 40.5
37.4
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Item Unit ple 46 ple 47 ple 48 ple 49 ple 50 ple 51 ple 52
HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass
% 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.6
94.3 95.2 96.1 97.2 98.2 99.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative
94.8 94.5 93.8 92.9 91.8 90.4 88.8 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation .degree. C. 2.71 2.74 2.73 2.66 2.50 2.22 1.78 glide
Discharge % (relative 105.5 104.0 102.1 99.7 97.1 94.3 91.4
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 69.1 60.5 53.8 48.4 44.0 40.4
37.3
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Item
Unit ple 53 ple 54 ple 55 ple 56 ple 57 ple 58 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.8 97.8 98.9 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.7 87.3 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.46 3.43 3.35 3.18 2.90
2.47 glide Discharge % (relative 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.3 90.6
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.2 43.9 40.2
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Comp. Item
Unit ple 59 ple 60 ple 61 ple 62 ple 63 Ex. 18 HFO-1132(E) mass %
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0
15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.8 96.6 97.5 98.5 99.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 88.9 88.5 87.8 86.8 85.6 84.1 capacity
ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 4.24 4.15 3.96 3.67 3.24
2.64 glide Discharge % (relative 97.6 96.1 94.2 92.0 89.5 86.8
pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 68.2 59.8 53.2 48.0 43.7 40.1
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Exam- Exam- Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit ple
64 ple 65 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass %
40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative
95.9 96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.8
85.4 84.7 83.6 82.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree.
C. 5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 glide Discharge % (relative 93.5 92.1
90.3 88.1 85.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 67.8 59.5 53.0 47.8
43.5
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 66 ple 67 ple 68 ple 69 ple 70 ple 71 ple 72
ple 73 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0
HFO-1123 mass % 41.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 41.0 39.0 37.0 35.0 R1234yf
mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP
ratio % (relative 95.1 95.3 95.6 96.0 95.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.5
101.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.78 0.79
0.80 0.81 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 glide Discharge % (relative 110.5
109.9 109.3 108.1 109.7 109.1 108.5 107.9 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 43.2 42.4 41.7 40.3 43.9 43.1 42.4 41.6
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 74 ple 75 ple 76 ple 77 ple 78 ple 79 ple 80
ple 81 HFO-1132(E) mass % 60.0 62.0 61.0 58.0 60.0 62.0 52.0 54.0
HFO-1123 mass % 33.0 31.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 34.0 32.0 R1234yf
mass % 7.0 7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.2 96.5 96.4 96.6 96.8 96.0 96.2 to
410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.7 99.1 98.4 98.1 97.8
98.0 97.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 0.95
0.95 1.18 1.34 1.33 1.32 1.53 1.53 glide Discharge % (relative
107.3 106.7 104.9 104.4 103.8 103.2 104.7 104.1 pressure to 410A)
RCL g/m.sup.3 40.9 40.3 40.5 41.5 40.8 40.1 43.6 42.9
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 82 ple 83 ple 84 ple 85 ple 86 ple 87 ple 88
ple 89 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0
HFO-1123 mass % 30.0 28.0 26.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 R1234yf
mass % 14.0 14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 GWP -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 COP ratio % (relative 96.4 96.6 96.9 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.7 to
410A) Refrigerating % (relative 97.5 97.2 96.9 97.3 97.1 96.8 96.6
96.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.51 1.50
1.48 1.72 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.67 glide Discharge % (relative 103.5
102.9 102.3 104.3 103.8 103.2 102.7 102.1 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 42.1 41.4 40.7 45.2 44.4 43.6 42.8 42.1
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 90 ple 91 ple 92 ple 93 ple 94 ple 95 ple 96
ple 97 HFO-1132(E) mass % 58.0 60.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0
HFO-1123 mass % 26.0 24.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf
mass % 16.0 16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 GWP -- 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
2 COP ratio % (relative 96.9 97.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.3 96.5 to
410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.1 95.8 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 95.9
95.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 1.65 1.63
1.93 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 glide Discharge % (relative 101.5
100.9 104.5 103.9 103.4 102.9 102.3 101.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 41.4 40.7 47.8 46.9 46.0 45.1 44.3 43.5
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 98 ple 99 ple 100 ple 101 ple 102 ple 103 ple
104 ple 105 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 36.0 38.0 42.0
44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 38.0 36.0
R1234yf mass % 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 95.1 95.3 95.7
95.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.4 95.2 94.9 94.6 96.3
96.1 95.7 95.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
1.86 1.83 1.80 1.77 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 glide Discharge % (relative
101.2 100.6 100.0 99.5 104.5 104.0 103.0 102.5 pressure to 410A)
RCL g/m.sup.3 42.7 42.0 41.3 40.6 50.7 49.7 47.7 46.8
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 106 ple 107 ple 108 ple 109 ple 110 ple 111 ple
112 ple 113 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 34.0
36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 34.0 32.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0
R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.3 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 95.1
95.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.2 95.0 94.5 94.2 94.0
93.7 95.3 95.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.11 2.09 2.05 2.02 1.99 1.95 2.37 2.36 glide Discharge % (relative
101.9 101.4 100.3 99.7 99.2 98.6 103.4 103.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 45.9 45.0 43.4 42.7 41.9 41.2 51.7 50.6
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 114 ple 115 ple 116 ple 117 ple 118 ple 119 ple
120 ple 121 HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0
52.0 HFO-1123 mass % 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0
R1234yf mass % 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.6 96.8
97.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 94.7 94.5 94.3 94.0
93.8 93.6 93.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.36 2.35 2.33 2.32 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.21 glide Discharge % (relative
102.5 102.0 101.5 101.0 100.4 99.9 99.4 98.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 49.6 48.6 47.6 46.7 45.8 45.0 44.1 43.4
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 122 ple 123 ple 124 ple 125 ple 126 ple 127 ple
128 ple 129 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0
38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0
R1234yf mass % 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.9 95.2 95.4 95.6
95.8 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 94.3
94.1 93.9 93.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.18 2.14 2.09 2.04 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.58 glide Discharge % (relative
98.2 97.7 97.1 96.5 102.4 101.9 101.5 101.0 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 42.6 41.9 41.2 40.5 52.7 51.6 50.5 49.5
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 130 ple 131 ple 132 ple 133 ple 134 ple 135 ple
136 ple 137 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0
54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0
R1234yf mass % 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2
97.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.5 93.3 93.1 92.8 92.6
92.4 92.1 91.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.56 2.54 2.51 2.49 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.33 glide Discharge % (relative
100.5 100.0 99.5 98.9 98.4 97.9 97.3 96.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.7 44.9 44.1 43.3 42.5
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 138 ple 139 ple 140 ple 141 ple 142 ple 143 ple
144 ple 145 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0
38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0
R1234yf mass % 24.0 24.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 95.3 95.5 95.7 95.9
96.1 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.6 91.3 91.0 93.2 93.1
92.9 92.7 92.5 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.28 2.22 2.16 2.86 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 glide Discharge % (relative
96.2 95.6 95.1 101.3 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 41.8 41.1 40.4 53.7 52.6 51.5 50.4 49.4
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 146 ple 147 ple 148 ple 149 ple 150 ple 151 ple
152 ple 153 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0
54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0
R1234yf mass % 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5
97.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.3 92.1 91.9 91.6 91.4
91.2 90.9 90.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.77 2.74 2.71 2.67 2.63 2.59 2.53 2.48 glide Discharge % (relative
99.0 98.5 97.9 97.4 96.9 96.4 95.8 95.3 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 48.4 47.4 46.5 45.7 44.8 44.0 43.2 42.5
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 154 ple 155 ple 156 ple 157 ple 158 ple 159 ple
160 ple 161 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0
38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 18.0 16.0 14.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0
R1234yf mass % 26.0 26.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.9 98.2 98.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.2
96.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.3 90.1 89.8 92.1 91.9
91.7 91.5 91.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.42 2.35 2.27 3.10 3.09 3.06 3.04 3.01 glide Discharge % (relative
94.7 94.1 93.6 99.7 99.3 98.8 98.4 97.9 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0 40.3 53.6 52.5 51.4 50.3 49.3
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 162 ple 163 ple 164 ple 165 ple 166 ple 167 ple
168 ple 169 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0
54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0
R1234yf mass % 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8
98.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.7 90.4 90.2
89.9 89.7 89.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.98 2.94 2.90 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.68 2.62 glide Discharge % (relative
97.4 96.9 96.4 95.9 95.4 94.9 94.3 93.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 48.3 47.4 46.4 45.6 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.4
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 170 ple 171 ple 172 ple 173 ple 174 ple 175 ple
176 ple 177 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0
42.0 HFO-1123 mass % 16.0 14.0 12.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 28.0
R1234yf mass % 28.0 28.0 28.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6 96.1 96.2 96.4 96.6
97.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.1 88.8 88.5 90.7 90.5
90.3 90.1 89.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
2.54 2.46 2.38 3.32 3.30 3.26 3.22 3.14 glide Discharge % (relative
93.2 92.6 92.1 97.7 97.3 96.8 96.4 95.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 41.7 41.0 40.3 52.4 51.3 50.2 49.2 47.3
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 178 ple 179 ple 180 ple 181 ple 182 ple 183 ple
184 ple 185 HFO-1132(E) mass % 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0
58.0 HFO-1123 mass % 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0
R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 98.3 98.5
98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.4 89.2 89.0 88.7 88.4
88.2 87.9 87.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
3.08 3.03 2.97 2.90 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.57 glide Discharge % (relative
94.9 94.4 93.9 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.7 91.1 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 46.4 45.5 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.3 41.6 40.9
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 186 ple 187 ple 188 ple 189 ple 190 ple 191 ple
192 ple 193 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0
44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0
R1234yf mass % 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3
97.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.6 89.5 89.3 89.1 88.9
88.7 88.4 88.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
3.60 3.56 3.52 3.48 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.26 glide Discharge % (relative
96.6 96.2 95.7 95.3 94.8 94.3 93.9 93.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 53.4 52.3 51.2 50.1 49.1 48.1 47.2 46.3
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 194 ple 195 ple 196 ple 197 ple 198 ple 199 ple
200 ple 201 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0
60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 R1234yf
mass % 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP -- 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 COP ratio % (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 98.5 98.7 98.9 99.2 to
410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 87.7 87.5 87.2 86.9 86.6 86.3
86.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C. 3.20 3.12
3.04 2.96 2.87 2.77 2.66 2.55 glide Discharge % (relative 92.8 92.3
91.8 91.3 90.7 90.2 89.6 89.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 45.4
44.6 43.8 43.0 42.3 41.5 40.8 40.2
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 202 ple 203 ple 204 ple 205 ple 206 ple 207 ple
208 ple 209 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0
44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0
R1234yf mass % 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.5 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.6
97.8 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.4 88.2 88.0 87.8 87.6
87.4 87.2 87.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
3.84 3.80 3.75 3.70 3.64 3.58 3.51 3.43 glide Discharge % (relative
95.0 94.6 94.2 93.7 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.8 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 53.3 52.2 51.1 50.0 49.0 48.0 47.1 46.2
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 210 ple 211 ple 212 ple 213 ple 214 ple 215 ple
216 ple 217 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 30.0 32.0
34.0 HFO-1123 mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 34.0 32.0 30.0
R1234yf mass % 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 98.0 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.8 96.8 96.9
97.1 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.7 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.6
87.2 87.0 86.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
3.36 3.27 3.18 3.08 2.97 4.08 4.03 3.97 glide Discharge % (relative
91.3 90.8 90.3 89.7 89.2 93.4 93.0 92.6 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 45.3 44.5 43.7 42.9 42.2 53.2 52.1 51.0
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 218 ple 219 ple 220 ple 221 ple 222 ple 223 ple
224 ple 225 HFO-1132(E) mass % 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 30.0
32.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 32.0 30.0
R1234yf mass % 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 97.1
97.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 86.4 86.2 85.9 85.7
85.5 85.9 85.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation .degree. C.
3.91 3.84 3.76 3.68 3.60 3.50 4.32 4.25 glide Discharge % (relative
92.1 91.7 91.2 90.7 90.3 89.8 91.9 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL
g/m.sup.3 49.9 48.9 47.9 47.0 46.1 45.3 53.1 52.0
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 Item Unit Example 226 Example 227
HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass
% 38.0 38.0 GWP -- 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.6 to 410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.6 85.3 capacity ratio to 410A)
Condensation glide .degree. C. 4.18 4.11 Discharge pressure %
(relative 91.0 90.6 to 410A) RCL g/m.sup.3 50.9 49.8
[0372] These results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a
figure surrounded by line segments AA', A'B, BD, DC', C'C, CO, and
OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A'(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C' (19.5, 70.5,
10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line
segment CO); the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3, the line
segment DC' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0082x.sup.2-0.6671x+80.4, -0.0082x.sup.2-0.3329x+19.6), the line
segment C'C is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.6034x+79.729, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0373] The point on the line segment AA' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and
point A' by the least square method.
[0374] The point on the line segment A'B was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A', Example 3, and
point B by the least square method.
[0375] The point on the line segment DC' was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and
point C' by the least square method.
[0376] The point on the line segment C'C was determined by
obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C', Example 4, and
point C by the least square method.
[0377] Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z)
are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA',
A'B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7
points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A' (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B
(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), point T (35.8, 44.9,
19.3), point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA' is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0016x.sup.2-0.9473x+57.497, -0.0016x.sup.2-0.0527x+42.503), the
line segment A'B is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0029x.sup.2-1.0268x+58.7, -0.0029x.sup.2+0.0268x+41.3), the line
segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0078x.sup.2-0.7501x+61.8, -0.0078x.sup.2-0.2499x+38.2), and the
line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x,
0.0067x.sup.2-0.7607x+63.525, -0.0067x.sup.2-0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines, the
refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more
relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A.
[0378] The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E',
and F, by the least square method.
[0379] The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R,
and T, by the least square method.
[0380] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these
components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0,
100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or
below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40
g/m.sup.3 or more.
[0381] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %,
a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR
connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9)
or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
temperature glide of 1.degree. C. or less.
[0382] The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a
ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass
%, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point
(0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on
the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right
side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST
connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3)
or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a
discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.
[0383] In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing
flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc.
Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
[0384] Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants
whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were
determined to be classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0385] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference
numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed
camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating
lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring
filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or
more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping,
and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum
gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The
initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed
by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the
center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to
9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm)
equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as
the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital
video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0386] Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF
concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak
simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version
4.0.
[0387] Tables 35 and 36 show the results.
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 Item Unit G H I WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0
72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 9.6 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 18.4 28.0
Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 Item Unit J P L N N' K WCF HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3
7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 Leak condition
that Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ results
in WCFF Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. C., 92% C., 90% C., 90% C., 66% C., 12% C., 0% release,
release, release, release, release, release, liquid liquid gas
phase gas phase gas phase gas phase phase side phase side side side
side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0
HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 17.8 17.4 13.6 12.3 9.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0
10.2 10.6 14.4 15.7 18.2 Burning cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less
9 9 8 or less velocity (WCF) Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
velocity (WCFF)
[0388] The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed
refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains
HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their
sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower
flammability.
[0389] The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line
segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the
line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L
(63.1, 31.9, 5.0) point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1) point N' (65.0, 7.7,
27.3) and point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), the refrigerant can be
determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower
flammability. In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by
coordinates (x, -0.1135x.sup.2+12.112x-280.43,
0.1135x.sup.2-13.112x+380.43), and the line segment NK is
represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x.sup.2-29.955x+931.91,
-0.2421x.sup.2+28.955x-831.91).
[0390] The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L,
and N, by the least square method.
[0391] The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining
an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N',
and K, by the least square method.
(5-2) Refrigerant B
[0392] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is
[0393] a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of
99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the
refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to
47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
[0394] a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a
total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire
refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1
mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
[0395] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to
that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of
R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability
(Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0396] When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of
HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B
according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising
47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and
WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be "Class 2L," which
is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard,
and which is further easier to handle.
[0397] When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure
comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior
with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that
of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or
HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further
improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present
disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes
superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative
to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or
HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further
improved.
[0398] The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more,
and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0399] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant B)
[0400] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the
refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.
[0401] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and
38.
[0402] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Superheating temperature: 5 K Subcooling temperature:
5 K Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0403] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base
Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage,
Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0404] Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity,
which were calculated based on these results. The COP and
refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
[0405] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
[0406] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured
according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF
having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be
"Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0407] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 37 Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2
Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Comparative Item Unit
R410A HFO-1132E Example 3 ple 1 ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5 Example 4
HFO-1132E mass % -- 100 80 72 70 68 65 62 60 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass %
0 20 28 30 32 35 38 40 (WCF) GWP -- 2088 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio
% (relative 100 99.7 97.5 96.6 96.3 96.1 95.8 95.4 95.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100 98.3 101.9 103.1 103.4 103.8 104.1
104.5 104.8 capacity ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 2.73 2.71 2.89
2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.04 3.06 pressure Burning cm/sec Non- 20 13 10
9 9 8 8 or 8 or velocity flammable less less (WCF)
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 38 Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 5
Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 HFO-1132E mass % 50 48 47.1
46.1 45.1 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 50 52 52.9 53.9 54.9 (WCF) GWP -- 1
1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 94.1 93.9 93.8 93.7 93.6 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 105.9 106.1 106.2 106.3 106.4 capacity
ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 3.14 3.16 3.16 3.17 3.18 pressure
Leakage test Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
conditions (WCFF) Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C.,
92% C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% release, release, release,
release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid phase side
phase side phase side phase side phase side HFO-1132E mass % 74 73
72 71 70 (WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 26 27 28 29 30 (WCFF) Burning
cm/sec 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less velocity
(WCF) Burning cm/sec 11 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.5 velocity (WCFF) ASHRAE
flammability 2 2 2L 2L 2L classification Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Example 10 Item Unit Example 7 Example 8
Example 9 HFO-1123 HFO-1132E mass % 43 40 25 0 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass
% 57 60 75 100 (WCF) GWP -- 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 93.4 93.1
91.9 90.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.6 106.9 107.9
108.0 capacity ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 3.20 3.21 3.31 3.39
pressure Leakage test Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ -- conditions
(WCFF) Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. C., 92% C., 92% C., 90% release, release, release,
liquid liquid liquid phase side phase side phase side HFO-1132E
mass % 67 63 38 -- (WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 33 37 62 (WCFF) Burning
cm/sec 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 5 velocity (WCF) Burning
cm/sec 8.5 8 or less 8 or less velocity (WCFF) ASHRAE flammability
2L 2L 2L 2L classification
[0408] The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass %
of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while
having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability.
Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to
that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass %
to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are
stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower
flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance
equivalent to that of R410A.
(5-3) Refrigerant C
[0409] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a
composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),
trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
(R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following
requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
has various properties that are desirable as an alternative
refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and
a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and
a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
[0410] Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:
[0411] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition
diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is
(100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD', D'C, and CG that connect the
following 6 points:
point G (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0,
0.0), point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0), point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6,
0.0, -0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3), point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D'C (excluding point G,
point I, point A, point B, point D', and point C);
[0412] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895,
0.0), point I (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895), point A
(0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, -0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199,
-0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point
A, point B, and point W);
[0413] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,
-0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
[0414] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0), point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
and
[0415] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5
points:
point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, -0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB
(excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When
the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the
above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more
relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower
flammability.
[0416] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0417] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based
on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
[0418] if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines JK', K'B, BD', D'C, and CJ that
connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1, -0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9,
0.0), point K' (0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7,
-0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9, -0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4), point B
(0.0, 0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D' (0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4,
-0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6), and point C
(-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'B, and D'C (excluding point J, point
B, point D', and point C);
[0419] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725,
-0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K'
(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636,-0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177), point B
(0.0, 0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801)
and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and
K'B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0420] if 18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4
points:
point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0,
0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318, -0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK' and K'B
(excluding point J, point B, and point W);
[0421] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493,
-0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K'
(-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714) and point
W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB
(excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
[0422] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines JK', K'A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following
5 points:
point J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87,
0.0), point K' (-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557), point A
(0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, -0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95,
-0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or
on the straight lines JK', K'A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,
and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating
capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower
flammability, and is classified as "Class 2L," which is a lower
flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0423] When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure
further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
[0424] if 0<a.ltoreq.10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary
composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and
R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4
points:
point a (0.02a.sup.2-2.46a+93.4, 0, -0.02a.sup.2+2.46a+6.6), point
b' (-0.008a.sup.2-1.38a+56, 0.018a.sup.2-0.53a+26.3,
-0.01a.sup.2+1.91a+17.7), point c (-0.016a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.016a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0) or on
the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c);
[0425] if 10.0<a.ltoreq.16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0244a.sup.2-2.5695a+94.056, 0,
-0.0244a.sup.2+2.5695a+5.944), point b'
(0.1161a.sup.2-1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a.sup.2-0.3399a+24.8,
-0.1301a.sup.2+2.3358a+15.451), point c (-0.0161a.sup.2+1.02a+77.6,
0.0161a.sup.2-1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or
on the straight lines oa, ab', and b'c (excluding point o and point
c); or
[0426] if 16.5<a.ltoreq.21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by
straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0161a.sup.2-2.3535a+92.742, 0,
-0.0161a.sup.2+2.3535a+7.258), point b'
(-0.0435a.sup.2-0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a.sup.2+1.8991a-0.0661,
0.0739a.sup.2-1.8556a+49.6601), point c
(-0.0161a.sup.2+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a.sup.2-0.9959a+22.149, 0),
and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines oa, ab',
and b'c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in
the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a
COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point
b' is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line
formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to
that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present
disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of
R410A.
[0427] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above
properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the
refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably
comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and
still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0428] The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may
comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount
of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or
more, based on the entire refrigerant.
[0429] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can
be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one
additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant C)
[0430] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the
refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.
[0431] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in
Tables 39 to 96.
[0432] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
[0433] For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the
refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were
obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following
conditions.
[0434] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0435] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C.
[0436] Superheating temperature: 5 K
[0437] Subcooling temperature: 5 K
[0438] Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0439] Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the
GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity
are ratios relative to R410A.
[0440] The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the
following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power
consumption
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 39 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 1 Item Unit Ex.
1 A B C D' G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 68.6 0.0 32.9 0.0 72.0
72.0 47.1 61.7 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 58.7 67.1 75.4 28.0 0.0 52.9 5.9
R1234yf Mass % 31.4 41.3 0.0 24.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 32.4 R32 Mass % 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 2088 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 COP ratio %
(relative 100 100.0 95.5 92.5 93.1 96.6 99.9 93.8 99.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 100 85.0 85.0 107.4 95.0 103.1 86.6 106.2
85.5 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 40 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 2 Item Unit A B
C D' G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % 55.3 0.0 18.4 0.0 60.9 60.9 40.5
47.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 47.8 74.5 83.4 32.0 0.0 52.4 7.2 R1234yf
Mass % 37.6 45.1 0.0 9.5 0.0 32.0 0.0 38.7 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 49 49 49 50 49 50 COP ratio %
(relative 99.8 96.9 92.5 92.5 95.9 99.6 94.0 99.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 110.5 106.0 106.5 87.7 108.9
85.5 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 41 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 16
Ex. 17 Ex. 18 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 Ex. 3 Item Unit A B C = D' G I J
K' HFO-1132(E) Mass % 48.4 0.0 0.0 55.8 55.8 37.0 41.0 HFO-1123
Mass % 0.0 42.3 88.9 33.1 0.0 51.9 6.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.5 46.6 0.0
0.0 33.1 0.0 41.4 R32 Mass % 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 GWP
-- 77 77 76 76 77 76 77 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 97.6 92.5 95.8
99.5 94.2 99.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 112.0
108.0 88.6 110.2 85.4 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 42 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 22 Ex. 23
Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Ex. 26 Ex. 4 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 42.8 0.0 52.1 52.1 34.3 36.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 37.8 33.4 0.0
51.2 5.6 R1234yf Mass % 42.7 47.7 0.0 33.4 0.0 43.4 R32 Mass % 14.5
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100 100 99 100 99 100 COP ratio %
(relative 99.9 98.1 95.8 99.5 94.4 99.5 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 85.0 85.0 109.1 89.6 111.1 85.3 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 43 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 27 Ex. 28
Ex. 29 Ex. 30 Ex. 31 Ex. 5 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 37.0 0.0 48.6 48.6 32.0 32.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 33.1 33.2 0.0
49.8 4.0 R1234yf Mass % 44.8 48.7 0.0 33.2 0.0 45.3 R32 Mass % 18.2
18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 GWP -- 125 125 124 125 124 125 COP ratio %
(relative 100.0 98.6 95.9 99.4 94.7 99.8 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 85.0 85.0 110.1 90.8 111.9 85.2 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 44 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 32 Ex. 33
Ex. 34 Ex. 35 Ex. 36 Ex. 6 Item Unit A B G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 31.5 0.0 45.4 45.4 30.3 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 28.5 32.7 0.0
47.8 2.4 R1234yf Mass % 46.6 49.6 0.0 32.7 0.0 46.9 R32 Mass % 21.9
21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150 150 149 150 149 150 COP ratio %
(relative 100.2 99.1 96.0 99.4 95.1 100.0 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 85.0 85.0 111.0 92.1 112.6 85.1 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 45 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 37
Ex. 38 Ex. 39 Ex. 40 Ex. 41 Ex. 42 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 0.0 41.8 41.8 29.1 24.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
22.9 31.5 0.0 44.2 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5 50.4 0.0 31.5 0.0 48.5
R32 Mass % 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 GWP -- 182 182 181 182 181
182 COP ratio % (relative 100.4 99.8 96.3 99.4 95.6 100.4 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 111.9 93.8 113.2 85.0 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00046 TABLE 46 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 43
Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex. 47 Ex. 48 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.3 0.0 40.0 40.0 28.8 24.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
19.9 30.7 0.0 41.9 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.4 50.8 0.0 30.7 0.0 46.4
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 198 199 198
200 COP ratio % (relative 100.6 100.1 96.6 99.5 96.1 100.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 112.4 94.8 113.6 86.7
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00047 TABLE 47 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 49
Ex. 50 Ex. 51 Ex. 52 Ex. 53 Ex. 54 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 12.1 0.0 35.7 35.7 29.3 22.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
11.7 27.6 0.0 34.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 51.2 51.6 0.0 27.6 0.0 40.8
R32 Mass % 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 GWP -- 250 250 248 249 248
250 COP ratio % (relative 101.2 101.0 96.4 99.6 97.0 100.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 113.2 97.6 113.9 90.9
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00048 TABLE 48 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 55
Ex. 56 Ex. 57 Ex. 58 Ex. 59 Ex. 60 Item Unit A B G I J K'
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 3.8 0.0 32.0 32.0 29.4 21.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0
3.9 23.9 0.0 26.5 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 52.1 52.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 34.8
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 300 300 298 299 298
299 COP ratio % (relative 101.8 101.8 97.9 99.8 97.8 100.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 113.7 100.4 113.9 94.9
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00049 TABLE 49 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 61 Ex. 62
Ex. 63 Ex. 64 Ex. 65 Item Unit A = B G I J K' HFO-1132(E) Mass %
0.0 30.4 30.4 28.9 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 21.8 0.0 23.3 0.0
R1234yf Mass % 52.2 0.0 21.8 0.0 31.8 R32 Mass % 47.8 47.8 47.8
47.8 47.8 GWP -- 325 323 324 323 324 COP ratio % (relative 102.1
98.2 100.0 98.2 100.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0
113.8 101.8 113.9 96.8 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00050 TABLE 50 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 66 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9
Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 82.9 77.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 57.9
52.9 47.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass %
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP
ratio % (relative 92.4 92.6 92.8 93.1 93.4 93.7 94.1 94.5 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 108.4 108.3 108.2 107.9 107.6 107.2 106.8
106.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00051 TABLE 51 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 16 Ex. 17
Ex. 67 Ex. 18 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 72.9
67.9 62.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.4 95.9 96.4 96.9 93.0 93.3 93.6 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.8 105.2 104.5 103.9 103.1
105.7 105.5 105.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00052 TABLE 52 Item Unit Ex. 21 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex.
25 Ex. 26 Ex. 27 Ex. 28 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9
22.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.2 94.6 95.0 95.5 96.0 96.4 96.9 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 104.9 104.5 104.1 103.6 103.0
102.4 101.7 101.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00053 TABLE 53 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 68 Ex. 29 Ex. 30 Ex. 31
Ex. 32 Ex. 33 Ex. 34 Ex. 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 17.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9
42.9 37.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 93.5 93.8 94.1 94.4 94.8 95.2 95.6
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.3 102.9 102.7 102.5 102.1
101.7 101.2 100.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00054 TABLE 54 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 36 Ex. 37 Ex. 38 Ex. 39
Ex. 69 Ex. 40 Ex. 41 Ex. 42 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 62.9
57.9 52.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 94.0 94.3 94.6
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.1 99.5 98.9 98.1 97.4 100.1
99.9 99.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00055 TABLE 55 Item Unit Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex.
47 Ex. 48 Ex. 49 Ex. 50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.3 95.7 96.2 96.6 97.1 97.6 98.1 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.2 98.8 98.3 97.8 97.2 96.6 95.9
95.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00056 TABLE 56 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 70 Ex. 51 Ex. 52 Ex. 53
Ex. 54 Ex. 55 Ex. 56 Ex. 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9
32.9 27.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 49 50 50 50 50 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative 98.6 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 95.9 96.3 96.8
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.4 97.1 96.9 96.7 96.3 95.9
95.4 94.8 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00057 TABLE 57 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 58 Ex. 59 Ex. 60 Ex. 61
Ex. 71 Ex. 62 Ex. 63 Ex. 64 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0
65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass %
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP
ratio % (relative 97.2 97.7 98.2 98.7 99.2 95.2 95.5 95.8 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 94.2 93.6 92.9 92.2 91.4 94.2 93.9 93.7
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00058 TABLE 58 Item Unit Ex. 65 Ex. 66 Ex. 67 Ex. 68 Ex.
69 Ex. 70 Ex. 71 Ex. 72 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass
% 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.6 97.0 97.4 97.9 98.3 98.8 99.3 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.3 92.9 92.4 91.8 91.2 90.5 89.8
89.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00059 TABLE 59 Item Unit Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex.
77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 Ex. 80 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9
12.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.1 98.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.6 90.2 89.8 89.3 88.7
88.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00060 TABLE 60 Item Unit Ex. 81 Ex. 82 Ex. 83 Ex. 84 Ex.
85 Ex. 86 Ex. 87 Ex. 88 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 2.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9
17.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32
Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50 COP ratio % (relative 99.0 99.4 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.6 98.0 98.4 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.4 86.7 88.0 87.8 87.5 87.1 86.6
86.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00061 TABLE 61 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Comp. Item Unit Ex. 72 Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78
Ex. 79 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass
% 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio %
(relative 98.8 99.2 99.6 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 85.5 84.9 84.2 84.9 84.6 84.3 83.9 83.5
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00062 TABLE 62 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 80 Ex. 81
Ex. 82 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9
2.9 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP -- 50
50 50 COP ratio % (relative 99.1 99.5 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 82.9 82.3 81.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00063 TABLE 63 Item Unit Ex. 89 Ex. 90 Ex. 91 Ex. 92 Ex.
93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 Ex. 96 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 70.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 14.5
14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
COP ratio % (relative 93.7 93.9 94.1 94.4 94.7 95.0 95.4 95.8 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 110.2 110.0 109.7 109.3 108.9
108.4 107.9 107.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00064 TABLE 64 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 97 Ex. 83 Ex. 98 Ex. 99
Ex. 100 Ex. 101 Ex. 102 Ex. 103 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 30.5 25.5 65.5 60.5 55.5
50.5 45.5 40.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99 99 99
99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.6 94.2 94.4 94.6 94.9
95.2 95.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.6 106.0 107.5
107.3 107.0 106.6 106.1 105.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00065 TABLE 65 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 104 Ex. 105 Ex. 106 Ex.
84 Ex. 107 Ex. 108 Ex. 109 Ex. 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5
60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.3 96.7 97.1
94.6 94.8 95.1 95.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.1 104.5
103.8 103.1 104.7 104.5 104.1 103.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00066 TABLE 66 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 111 Ex. 112 Ex. 113 Ex.
114 Ex. 115 Ex. 85 Ex. 116 Ex. 117 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5
20.5 15.5 55.5 50.5 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.7 96.0 96.4 96.8
97.2 97.6 95.1 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.3 102.8
102.2 101.6 101.0 100.3 101.8 101.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00067 TABLE 67 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 118 Ex. 119 Ex. 120 Ex.
121 Ex. 122 Ex. 123 Ex. 124 Ex. 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 95.9 96.2 96.5
96.9 97.3 97.7 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.2 100.8
100.4 99.9 99.3 98.7 98.0 97.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00068 TABLE 68 Item Unit Ex. 125 Ex. 126 Ex. 127 Ex. 128
Ex. 129 Ex. 130 Ex. 131 Ex. 132 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 99
99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.7
97.1 97.5 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 98.9 98.6 98.3
97.9 97.4 96.9 96.3 95.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00069 TABLE 69 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 133 Ex. 87 Ex. 134 Ex.
135 Ex. 136 Ex. 137 Ex. 138 Ex. 139 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 45.5 40.5
35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 96.2
96.4 96.7 97.0 97.3 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.0
94.3 95.8 95.6 95.2 94.8 94.4 93.8 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00070 TABLE 70 Item Unit Ex. 140 Ex. 141 Ex. 142 Ex. 143
Ex. 144 Ex. 145 Ex. 146 Ex. 147 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 40.5 35.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.1 98.5 98.9
96.8 97.0 97.3 97.6 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.3
92.6 92.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 91.8 91.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00071 TABLE 71 Item Unit Ex. 148 Ex. 149 Ex. 150 Ex. 151
Ex. 152 Ex. 153 Ex. 154 Ex. 155 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 35.5 30.5
25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP -- 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 99.1
97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.8
90.2 89.6 89.6 89.4 89.0 88.6 88.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00072 TABLE 72 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 156 Ex. 157
Ex. 158 Ex. 159 Ex. 160 Ex. 88 Ex. 89 Ex. 90 HFO-1132(E) Mass %
35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5
30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0
45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5
14.5 GWP -- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative
98.9 99.3 98.1 98.4 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 87.6 87.1 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.5 85.0 84.5 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00073 TABLE 73 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex.
91 Ex. 92 Ex. 93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass %
50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP --
100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.7 100.0
to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 83.3 83.0 82.7 82.2 81.8
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00074 TABLE 74 Item Unit Ex. 161 Ex. 162 Ex. 163 Ex. 164
Ex. 165 Ex. 166 Ex. 167 Ex. 168 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 63.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1
38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32
Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 149 149 149
149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 94.8 95.0 95.2 95.4 95.7
95.9 96.2 96.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 111.5 111.2
110.9 110.5 110.0 109.5 108.9 108.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00075 TABLE 75 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 96 Ex. 169 Ex. 170 Ex.
171 Ex. 172 Ex. 173 Ex. 174 Ex. 175 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 58.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 96.9 95.3
95.4 95.6 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
107.7 108.7 108.5 108.1 107.7 107.2 106.7 106.1 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00076 TABLE 76 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 176 Ex. 97 Ex. 177 Ex.
178 Ex. 179 Ex. 180 Ex. 181 Ex. 182 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 53.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.0 97.4
95.7 95.9 96.1 96.3 96.6 96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
105.5 104.9 105.9 105.6 105.3 104.8 104.4 103.8 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00077 TABLE 77 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 183 Ex. 184 Ex. 98 Ex.
185 Ex. 186 Ex. 187 Ex. 188 Ex. 189 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0
50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 48.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.5
97.9 96.1 96.3 96.5 96.8 97.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
103.3 102.6 102.0 103.0 102.7 102.3 101.9 101.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00078 TABLE 78 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 190 Ex. 191 Ex. 192 Ex.
99 Ex. 193 Ex. 194 Ex. 195 Ex. 196 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0
45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 25.0
25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.7
98.0 98.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
100.9 100.3 99.7 99.1 100.0 99.7 99.4 98.9 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00079 TABLE 79 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 197 Ex. 198 Ex. 199 Ex.
200 Ex. 100 Ex. 201 Ex. 202 Ex. 203 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1
3.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 97.6 97.9
98.2 98.5 98.9 97.1 97.3 97.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
98.5 97.9 97.4 96.8 96.1 97.0 96.7 96.3 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00080 TABLE 80 Item Unit Ex. 204 Ex. 205 Ex. 206 Ex. 207
Ex. 208 Ex. 209 Ex. 210 Ex. 211 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0
40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1
33.1 28.1 23.1 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 97.8 98.1 98.4
98.7 99.1 97.7 97.9 98.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.9
95.4 94.9 94.4 93.8 93.9 93.6 93.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00081 TABLE 81 Item Unit Ex. 212 Ex. 213 Ex. 214 Ex. 215
Ex. 216 Ex. 217 Ex. 218 Ex. 219 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0
40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 28.1
23.1 18.1 13.1 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
40.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 98.4 98.7 99.0
99.3 98.3 98.5 98.7 99.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.9
92.4 91.9 91.3 90.8 90.5 90.2 89.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00082 TABLE 82 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 220 Ex. 221 Ex. 222 Ex.
223 Ex. 224 Ex. 225 Ex. 226 Ex. 101 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 8.1 3.1 23.1 18.1
13.1 8.1 3.1 18.1 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0
50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP -- 150
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.3 99.6 98.9
99.1 99.3 99.6 99.9 99.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.3
88.8 87.6 87.3 87.0 86.6 86.2 84.4 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00083 TABLE 83 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 102 Ex. 103
Ex. 104 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 13.1 8.1
3.1 R1234yf Mass % 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP --
150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 100.0 100.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 84.1 83.8 83.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00084 TABLE 84 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 227 Ex. 228 Ex. 229 Ex.
230 Ex. 231 Ex. 232 Ex. 233 Ex. 105 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 55.7 50.7 45.7 40.7
35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.0 96.2 96.3
96.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.2 111.9
111.6 111.2 110.7 110.2 109.6 109.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00085 TABLE 85 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 234 Ex. 235 Ex. 236 Ex.
237 Ex. 238 Ex. 239 Ex. 240 Ex. 106 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7
30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.4
96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 97.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
109.4 109.2 108.8 108.4 107.9 107.4 106.8 106.2 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00086 TABLE 86 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 241 Ex. 242 Ex. 243 Ex.
244 Ex. 245 Ex. 246 Ex. 247 Ex. 107 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 96.7 96.8
97.0 97.2 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
106.6 106.3 106.0 105.5 105.1 104.5 104.0 103.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00087 TABLE 87 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 248 Ex. 249 Ex. 250 Ex.
251 Ex. 252 Ex. 253 Ex. 254 Ex. 108 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7
20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP --
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 97.1 97.3
97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
103.7 103.4 103.0 102.6 102.2 101.6 101.1 100.5 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00088 TABLE 88 Item Unit Ex. 255 Ex. 256 Ex. 257 Ex. 258
Ex. 259 Ex. 260 Ex. 261 Ex. 262 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7
10.7 5.7 30.7 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
30.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 97.6 97.7 97.9
98.1 98.4 98.6 98.9 98.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.7
100.4 100.1 99.7 99.2 98.7 98.2 97.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00089 TABLE 89 Item Unit Ex. 263 Ex. 264 Ex. 265 Ex. 266
Ex. 267 Ex. 268 Ex. 269 Ex. 270 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7
25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
35.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 199
199 199 199 199 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6
98.9 99.1 98.6 98.7 98.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 97.4
97.1 96.7 96.2 95.7 94.7 94.4 94.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00090 TABLE 90 Item Unit Ex. 271 Ex. 272 Ex. 273 Ex. 274
Ex. 275 Ex. 276 Ex. 277 Ex. 278 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.7 5.7 20.7 15.7 10.7
5.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0
45.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative 99.2 99.4 99.1
99.3 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.6
93.2 91.5 91.3 90.9 90.6 88.4 88.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00091 TABLE 91 Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 279 Ex. 280 Ex.
109 Ex. 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass %
5.7 10.7 5.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 R32 Mass % 29.3
29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP -- 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative 100.0
100.3 100.4 100.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.8 85.2
85.0 82.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00092 TABLE 92 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 281 Ex. 282 Ex. 283 Ex.
284 Ex. 285 Ex. 111 Ex. 286 Ex. 287 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.9 35.9 30.9 25.9
20.9 15.9 35.9 30.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0
10.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 298
298 298 298 298 298 299 299 COP ratio % (relative 97.8 97.9 97.9
98.1 98.2 98.4 98.2 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.5
112.3 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 109.8 109.5 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00093 TABLE 93 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 288 Ex. 289 Ex. 290 Ex.
112 Ex. 291 Ex. 292 Ex. 293 Ex. 294 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9
30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.5
98.6 98.8 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
109.2 108.8 108.4 108.0 107.0 106.7 106.4 106.0 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00094 TABLE 94 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 295 Ex. 113 Ex. 296 Ex.
297 Ex. 298 Ex. 299 Ex. 300 Ex. 301 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.9 5.9 25.9 20.9
15.9 10.9 5.9 20.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP --
299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative 99.0 99.2
99.0 99.0 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
105.6 105.2 104.1 103.9 103.6 103.2 102.8 101.2 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00095 TABLE 95 Item Unit Ex. 302 Ex. 303 Ex. 304 Ex. 305
Ex. 306 Ex. 307 Ex. 308 Ex. 309 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.9 10.9 5.9 15.9 10.9
5.9 10.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0
R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP -- 299 299
299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative 99.5 99.6 99.7 99.8
99.9 100.0 100.3 100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.0
100.7 100.3 98.3 98.0 97.8 95.3 95.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00096 TABLE 96 Item Unit Ex. 400 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0
HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 GWP -- 299
COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.7 Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to R410A) 92.3
[0441] The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity
ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:
[0442] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %, a straight line connecting
a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the
base, and the point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) is on the left side, if
0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition
diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that
connects point A (0.0134a.sup.2-1.9681a+68.6, 0.0,
-0.0134a.sup.2+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0,
0.0144a.sup.2-1.6377a+58.7, -0.0144a.sup.2+0.6377a+41.3);
[0443] if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0112a.sup.2-1.9337a+68.484, 0.0,
-0.0112a.sup.2+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0,
0.0075a.sup.2-1.5156a+58.199, -0.0075a.sup.2+0.5156a+41.801);
[0444] if 18.2a<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the
ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a
straight line AB that connects point A
(0.0107a.sup.2-1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, -0.0107a.sup.2+0.9142a+31.695)
and point B (0.0, 0.009a.sup.2-1.6045a+59.318,
-0.009a.sup.2+0.6045a+40.682);
[0445] if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0103a.sup.2-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0,
-0.0103a.sup.2+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0,
0.0046a.sup.2-1.41a+57.286, -0.0046a.sup.2+0.41a+42.714); and
[0446] if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line
AB that connects point A (0.0085a.sup.2-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,
-0.0085a.sup.2+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0,
0.0012a.sup.2-1.1659a+52.95, -0.0012a.sup.2+0.1659a+47.05).
[0447] Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85%
or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in
FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when
coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB,
the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or
more.
[0448] Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition
diagram, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or
on the left side of, a straight line D'C that connects point D'
(0.0, 0.0224a.sup.2+0.968a+75.4, -0.0224a.sup.2-1.968a+24.6) and
point C (-0.2304a.sup.2-0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a.sup.2-0.5938a+67.1,
0.0); or if 11.1<a.ltoreq.46.7, when coordinates are in the
entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or
more.
[0449] In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved
line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three
points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5,
70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of
R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line
that connects point C and point D' (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the
intersection of the approximate line and a point where the
concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line
segment D'C. In FIG. 4, point D'(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly
obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C
(18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where
the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C
and point D' was defined as the straight line D'C.
[0450] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database
REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage,
Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard
34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0451] For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured
according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF
having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be
classified as "Class 2L (lower flammability)."
[0452] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0453] The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.
TABLE-US-00097 TABLE 97 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 6 Ex. 13 Ex. 19 Ex. 24 Ex. 29 Ex. 34 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %
72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4
33.2 32.7 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1
14.5 18.2 21.9 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00098 TABLE 98 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 39
Ex. 45 Ex. 51 Ex. 57 Ex. 62 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32
30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf Mass % 0 0 0
0 0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s
10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00099 TABLE 99 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 7 Ex. 14 Ex. 20 Ex. 25 Ex. 30 Ex. 35 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %
72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0
R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
10
TABLE-US-00100 TABLE 100 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 40
Ex. 46 Ex. 52 Ex. 58 Ex. 63 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32
30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9
21.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00101 TABLE 101 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 8 Ex. 15 Ex. 21 Ex. 26 Ex. 31 Ex. 36 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %
47.1 40.5 37.0 34.3 32.0 30.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.2
49.8 47.8 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ results in WCFF Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 92% C., 92% C., 92%
C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% release, release, release, release,
release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid phase
side phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side WCFF
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 62.4 56.2 50.6 45.1 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass %
28.0 31.6 33.0 33.4 32.5 30.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 0.0
0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 50.9 10.8 16.0 22.4 29.5 Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less
Burning velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00102 TABLE 102 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 41
Ex. 47 Ex. 53 Ex. 59 Ex. 64 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.1 28.8 29.3
29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 Mass % 44.2 41.9 34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf Mass %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak
condition that Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ results
in WCFF Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 92% C.,
92% C., 92% C., 90% C., 86% release, release, release, release,
release, liquid liquid liquid gas phase gas phase phase side phase
side phase side side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 34.6 32.2 27.7
28.3 27.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 26.5 23.9 17.5 18.2 16.7 R1234yf Mass %
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 38.9 43.9 54.8 53.5 55.8 Burning
velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8.3 9.3 9.6 Burning
velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00103 TABLE 103 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp Comp. Comp. Item
Ex. 9 Ex. 16 Ex. 22 Ex. 27 Ex. 32 Ex. 37 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %
61.7 47.0 41.0 36.5 32.5 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.6 4.0
2.4 R1234yf Mass % 32.4 38.7 41.4 43.4 45.3 46.9 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1
11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that Storage/ Storage/ Storage/
Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ results in WCFF Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree.
Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 0% C., 0% C., 0% C.,
92% C., 0% C., 0% release, release, release, release, release,
release, gas phase gas phase gas phase liquid phase gas phase gas
phase side side side side side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0
56.2 50.4 46.0 42.4 39.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 12.6 11.4 10.1 7.4
4.4 R1234yf Mass % 17.5 20.4 21.8 22.9 24.3 25.7 R32 Mass % 0.0
10.8 16.3 21.0 25.9 30.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning velocity
(WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00104 TABLE 104 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 42
Ex. 48 Ex. 54 Ex. 60 Ex. 65 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 24.3 22.5
21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5
46.4 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak
condition that Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ results
in WCFF Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping
-40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. Shipping -40.degree. C., 0% C., 0%
C., 0% C., 0% C., 0% release, release, release, release, release,
gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase side side side
side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.3 34.3 31.3 29.1 28.1 HFO-1123
Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 27.4 26.2 23.1 19.8 18.2
R32 Mass % 37.3 39.6 45.6 51.1 53.7 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8
or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning velocity
(WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
[0454] The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the
refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following
cases:
[0455] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in
which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass
% and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a
point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1,
coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or
below a straight line GI that connects point G
(0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, -0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and
point I (0.026a.sup.2-1.7478a+72.0, 0.0,
-0.026a.sup.2+0.7478a+28.0);
if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105,
-0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I
(0.02a.sup.2-1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, -0.02a.sup.2+0.6013a+28.895); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727,
-0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I
(0.0135a.sup.2-1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, -0.0135a.sup.2+0.4068a+30.273);
if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986,
-0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I
(0.0111a.sup.2-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, -0.0111a.sup.2+0.3152a+31.014);
and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary
composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that
connects point G (0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098,0.0) and point I
(0.0061a.sup.2-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,
-0.0061a.sup.2-0.0082a+36.098).
[0456] Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point
I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following
five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were
obtained.
TABLE-US-00105 TABLE 105 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8
55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4
33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.026a.sup.2 - 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a.sup.2 - 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a.sup.2 - 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123
-0.026a.sup.2 + 0..7478a + 28.0 -0.02a.sup.2 + 0..6013a + 28.895
-0.0135a.sup.2 + 0.4068a + 30.273 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 31.5 30.7 27.6
27.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a.sup.2 - 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.9918a + 63.902
Approximate expression HFO-1123 -0.0111a.sup.2 + 0.3152a + 31.014
-0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.0082a + 36.098 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 Approximate expression
TABLE-US-00106 TABLE 106 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8
55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf
28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.026a.sup.2 - 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a.sup.2 - 1.6013a + 71.105
0.0135a.sup.2 - 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0
0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.026a.sup.2 + 0.7478a + 28.0
-0.02a.sup.2 + 0.6013a + 28.895 -0.0135a.sup.2 + 0.4068a + 30.273
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0
R1234yf 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.6 23.5 21.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E)
0.0111a.sup.2 - 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.9918a + 63.902
Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf
-0.0111a.sup.2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 -0.0061a.sup.2 - 0.0082a + 36.098
Approximate expression
[0457] The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the
refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and
the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is
"2L (flammability)" in the following cases:
[0458] When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32
based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z,
and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % and a straight
line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,
100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a.ltoreq.11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in
the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK'
that connects point J (0.0049a.sup.2-0.9645a+47.1,
-0.0049a.sup.2-0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point
K'(0.0514a.sup.2-2.4353a+61.7, -0.0323a.sup.2+0.4122a+5.9,
-0.0191a.sup.2+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a.ltoreq.18.2, coordinates
are on a straight line JK' that connects point J
(0.0243a.sup.2-1.4161a+49.725, -0.0243a.sup.2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0)
and point K'(0.0341a.sup.2-2.1977a+61.187,
-0.0236a.sup.2+0.34a+5.636, -0.0105a.sup.2+0.8577a+33.177); if
18.2<a.ltoreq.26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line
JK' that connects point J (0.0246a.sup.2-1.4476a+50.184,
-0.0246a.sup.2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K'
(0.0196a.sup.2-1.7863a+58.515, -0.0079a.sup.2-0.1136a+8.702,
-0.0117a.sup.2+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a.ltoreq.36.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (0.0183a.sup.2-1.1399a+46.493, -0.0183a.sup.2+0.1399a+53.507,
0.0) and point K' (-0.0051a.sup.2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0,
0.0051a.sup.2-1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a.ltoreq.46.7,
coordinates are on or below a straight line JK' that connects point
J (-0.0134a.sup.2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a.sup.2-2.0956a+92.87, 0.0)
and point K'(-1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).
[0459] Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved
line that connects point J and point K' (on the straight line AB)
in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly,
when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK', WCFF lower
flammability is achieved.
[0460] Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point
K' (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following
five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were
obtained.
TABLE-US-00107 TABLE 107 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 47.1 40.5 37
37.0 34.3 32.0 32.0 30.3 29.1 HFO-1123 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.9 51.2
49.8 49.8 47.8 44.2 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0049a.sup.2 - 0.9645a + 47.1 0.0243a.sup.2 - 1.4161a + 49.725
0.0246a.sup.2 - 1.4476a + 50.184 Approximate expression HFO-1123
-0.0049a.sup.2 - 0.0355a + 52.9 -0.0243a.sup.2 + 0.4161a + 50.275
-0.0246a.sup.2 + 0.4476a + 49.816 Approximate expression R1234yf 0
0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
47.8 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.3 29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 44.2 41.9 34.0
34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0183a.sup.2 - 1.1399a + 46.493 -0.0134a.sup.2 + 1.0956a + 7.13
Approximate expression HFO-1123 -0.0183a.sup.2 + 0.1399a + 53.507
0.0134a.sup.2 - 2.0956a + 92.87 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0
Approximate expression
TABLE-US-00108 TABLE 108 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 61.7 47.0 41.0
41.0 36.5 32.5 32.5 28.8 24.8 HFO-1123 5.9 7.2 6.5 6.5 5.6 4.0 4.0
2.4 0 R1234yf 32.4 38.7 41.4 41.4 43.4 45.3 45.3 46.9 48.5 R32 x x
x HFO-1132(E) 0.0514a.sup.2 - 2.4353a + 61.7 0.0341a.sup.2 -
2.1977a + 61.187 0.0196a.sup.2 - 1.7863a + 58.515 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 -0.0323a.sup.2 + 0.4122a + 5.9 -0.0236a.sup.2 +
0.34a + 5.636 -0.0079a.sup.2 - 0.1136a + 8.702 Approximate
expression R1234yf -0.0191a.sup.2 + 1.0231a + 32.4 -0.0105a.sup.2 +
0.8577a + 33.177 -0.0117a.sup.2 + 0.8999a + 32.783 Approximate
expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7 .gtoreq. R32
.gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 24.8
24.3 22.5 22.5 21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 48.5 46.4
40.8 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E) -0.0051a.sup.2 + 0.0929a +
25.95 -1.892a + 29.443 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0
Approximate expression R1234yf 0.0051a.sup.2 - 1.0929a + 74.05
0.892a + 70.557 Approximate expression
[0461] FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %)
is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %,
21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %,
and 47.8 mass %, respectively.
[0462] Points A, B, C, and D' were obtained in the following manner
according to approximate calculation.
[0463] Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass
%, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of
R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were
obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and
their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).
TABLE-US-00109 TABLE 109 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 68.6 55.3 48.4
48.4 42.8 37 37 31.5 24.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 31.4
37.6 40.5 40.5 42.7 44.8 44.8 46.6 48.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0.0134a.sup.2 - 1.9681a + 68.6 0.0112a.sup.2 - 1.9337a + 68.484
0.0107a.sup.2 - 1.9142a + 68.305 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0
0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0134a.sup.2 + 0.9681a + 31.4
-0.0112a.sup.2 + 0.9337a + 31.516 -0.0107a.sup.2 + 0.9142a + 31.695
Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7 46.7
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 24.8 21.3 12.1 12.1 3.8 0 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf
48.5 49.4 51.2 51.2 52.1 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0103a.sup.2 -
1.9225a + 68.793 0.0085a.sup.2 - 1.8102a + 67.1 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf
-0.0103a.sup.2 + 0.9225a + 31..207 -0.0085a.sup.2 + 0.8102a + 32.9
Approximate expression
[0464] Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that
of R410A is achieved.
[0465] Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each
of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate
expressions were obtained (Table 110).
TABLE-US-00110 TABLE 110 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 18.2
.gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 11.1 26.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 18.2 R32 0
7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 HFO-1123 58.7 47.8 42.3 42.3 37.8 33.1 33.1 28.5 22.9 R1234yf
41.3 45.1 46.6 46.6 47.7 48.7 48.7 49.6 50.4 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E)
0 0 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0144a.sup.2 - 1.6377a +
58.7 0.0075a.sup.2 - 1.5156a + 58.199 0.009a.sup.2 - 1.6045a +
59.318 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0144a.sup.2 + 0.6377a +
41.3 -0.0075a.sup.2 + 0.5156a + 41.801 -0.009a.sup.2 + 0.6045a +
40.682 Approximate expression Item 36.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 26.7
46.7 .gtoreq. R32 .gtoreq. 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8
HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 HFO-1123 22.9 19.9 11.7 11.8 3.9 0 R1234yf
50.4 50.8 51.6 51.5 52.0 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0 0 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0.0046a.sup.2 - 1.41a + 57.286 0.0012a.sup.2 -
1.1659a + 52.95 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0046a.sup.2 +
0.41a + 42.714 -0.0012a.sup.2 + 0.1659a + 47.05 Approximate
expression
[0466] Point D' is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0
mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is
achieved.
[0467] Three points corresponding to point D' were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 111).
TABLE-US-00111 TABLE 111 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1
11.1 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 HFO-1123 75.4 83.4 88.9 R1234yf 24.6 9.5 0
R32 a HFO-1132(E) 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0224a.sup.2 +
0.968a + 75.4 Approximate expression R1234yf -0.0224a.sup.2 -
1.968a + 24.6 Approximate expression
[0468] Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %,
and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
[0469] Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each
of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions
were obtained (Table 112).
TABLE-US-00112 TABLE 112 Item 11.1 .gtoreq. R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1
11.1 HFO-1132(E) 32.9 18.4 0 HFO-1123 67.1 74.5 88.9 R1234yf 0 0 0
R32 a HFO-1132(E) -0.2304a.sup.2 - 0.4062a + 32.9 Approximate
expression HFO-1123 0.2304a.sup.2 - 0.5938a + 67.1 Approximate
expression R1234yf 0 Approximate expression
(5-4) Refrigerant D
[0470] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
[0471] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of
R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L)
according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0472] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0473] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that
connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);
[0474] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0);
[0475] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7); and
[0476] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0477] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0478] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that
connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM);
[0479] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4);
[0480] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02);
[0481] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4);
and
[0482] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0483] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0484] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect
the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U
(3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments;
[0485] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488);
[0486] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365);
and
[0487] the line segment UO is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0488] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0489] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that
connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments;
[0490] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235);
[0491] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
[0492] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512);
[0493] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324);
and
[0494] the line segment TL is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0495] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0496] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments;
[0497] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9);
[0498] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874);
and
[0499] the line segment TP is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower
flammability.
[0500] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0501] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that
connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3), point f
(47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line
segments;
[0502] the line segment ac is represented by coordinates
(0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904);
[0503] the line segment fd is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and
[0504] the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0505] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0506] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that
connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9), point e
(51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line
segments;
[0507] the line segment ab is represented by coordinates
(0.0181y.sup.2-2.2288y+71.096, y,
-0.0181y.sup.2+1.2288y+28.904);
[0508] the line segment ed is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y.sup.2+0.7y+28); and
[0509] the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or
more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower
flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
[0510] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0511] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect
the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and point j
(77.5. 18.4, 4.1), or on these line segments;
[0512] the line segment gi is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604);
and
[0513] the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability.
[0514] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0515] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of
a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect
the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6), point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and point k
(77.5, 14.6, 7.9), or on these line segments;
[0516] the line segment gh is represented by coordinates
(0.02y.sup.2-2.4583y+93.396, y, -0.02y.sup.2+1.4583y+6.604);
and
[0517] the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or
more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or
no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has
excellent stability.
[0518] The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.
[0519] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant D)
[0520] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the
refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.
[0521] The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was
performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK
Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping,
Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The
most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0522] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show
the results.
TABLE-US-00113 TABLE 113 Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Example 13
Exam- ple 12 Exam- ple 14 Exam- ple 16 Item Unit I ple 11 J ple 13
K ple 15 L WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32 28.9
R32 Mass % 0 10 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 28 32.8
33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 Burning Velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10
10 10
TABLE-US-00114 TABLE 114 Comparative Example 14 Example 19 Example
21 Item Unit M Example 18 W Example 20 N Example 22 WCF HFO-1132(E)
Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5
18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.8 Leak
condition that Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage,
Storage, results in WCFF Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. C., 0% C., 0% C., 0% C., 0% C.,
0% C., 0% release, release, release, release, release, release, on
the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas
phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side
WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 57.8 48.7 43.6 40.6 34.9 R32 Mass % 0.0
9.5 17.9 24.2 28.7 38.1 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.7 33.4 32.2 30.7
27.0 Burning Velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or
less 8 or less 8 or less Burning Velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10
10 10
TABLE-US-00115 TABLE 115 Example 23 Example 25 Item Unit O Example
24 P WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 36.8
44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 Leak condition that
Storage, Storage, Storage, results in WCFF Shipping, -40.degree.
Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. C., 0% C., 0% C., 0%
release, release, release, on the gas on the gas on the gas phase
side phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 31.4 29.2 27.1
HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 51.1 56.4 R1234yf Mass % 23.0 19.7 16.5
Burning Velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning
Velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10
[0523] The results indicate that under the condition that the mass
% of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the
sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line
segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or
below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower
flammability.
[0524] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in
the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line
segments that connect point M, point M', point W, point J, point N,
and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an
ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0525] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32,
and
[0526] R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based
on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of
performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio
relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to
144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as
described below.
[0527] Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C.
[0528] Condensation temperature: 45.degree. C.
[0529] Degree of superheating: 5 K
[0530] Degree of subcooling: 5 K
[0531] Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0532] Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00116 TABLE 116 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3
Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A'
B' A'' B'' HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 81.6 0.0 63.1 0.0 48.2 0.0 R32
Mass % 18.4 18.1 36.9 36.7 51.8 51.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 81.9 0.0
63.3 0.0 48.5 GWP -- 2088 125 125 250 250 350 350 COP Ratio
%(relative 100 98.7 103.6 98.7 102.3 99.2 102.2 to R410A)
Refrigerating %(relative 100 105.3 62.5 109.9 77.5 112.1 87.3
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00117 TABLE 117 Comparative Comparative Exam- Exam-
Example 8 Comparative Example 10 Exam- ple 2 Exam- ple 4 Item Unit
C Example 9 C' ple 1 R ple 3 T HFO-1132(E) Mass % 85.5 66.1 52.1
37.8 25.5 16.6 8.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.6
R1234yf Mass % 14.5 23.9 29.7 34.6 37.7 39.2 39.8 GWP -- 1 69 125
188 250 300 350 COP Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.3 99.3 99.6 100.2
100.8 101.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5
92.5 92.5 92.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00118 TABLE 118 Comparative Exam- Exam- Comparative Exam-
Example 11 Exam- ple 6 Exam- ple 8 Example 12 Exam- ple 10 Item
Unit E ple 5 N ple 7 U G ple 9 V HFO-1132(E) Mass % 58.3 40.5 27.7
14.9 3.9 39.6 22.8 11.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.7 0.0 10.0
18.1 R1234yf Mass % 41.7 49.5 54.1 57.5 59.4 60.4 67.2 70.9 GWP --
2 70 125 189 250 3 70 125 COP Ratio %(relative 100.3 100.3 100.7
101.2 101.9 101.4 101.8 102.3 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative
80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 Capacity Ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00119 TABLE 119 Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Example 13 Exam- ple 12 Exam- ple 14 Exam- ple 16 ple 17 Item Unit
I ple 11 J ple 13 K ple 15 L Q HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 57.2 48.5
41.2 35.6 32.0 28.9 44.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2
51.7 23.0 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 32.4
GWP -- 2 69 125 188 250 300 350 157 COP Ratio %(relative 99.9 99.5
99.4 99.5 99.6 99.8 100.1 99.4 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative
86.6 88.4 90.9 94.2 97.7 100.5 103.3 92.5 Capacity Ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00120 TABLE 120 Comparative Exam- Exam- Example 14 Exam-
ple 19 Exam- ple 21 Exam- Item Unit M ple 18 W ple 20 N ple 22
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.5 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0
10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.9
GWP -- 2 36 70 100 125 188 COP Ratio %(relative 100.5 100.9 100.9
100.8 100.7 100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 77.1 74.8 75.6
77.8 80.0 85.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00121 TABLE 121 Exam- Exam- Exam- ple 23 Exam- ple 25 ple
26 Item Unit O ple 24 P S HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 21.9
R32 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.7 39.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 38.4
GWP -- 250 300 350 270 COP Ratio %(relative 100.4 100.5 100.6 100.4
to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 91.0 95.0 99.1 92.5 Capacity
Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00122 TABLE 122 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Exam- Exam- Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example
15 Example 16 Example 17 Example 18 ple 27 ple 28 Example 19
Example 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
80.0 R32 Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R1234yf Mass % 85.0
75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 GWP -- 37 37 37 36 36 36 35 35
COP Ratio %(relative 103.4 102.6 101.6 100.8 100.2 99.8 99.6 99.4
to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 56.4 63.3 69.5 75.2 80.5 85.4
90.1 94.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00123 TABLE 123 Comparative Comparative Exam- Comparative
Exam- Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 21
Example 22 ple 29 Example 23 ple 30 Example 24 Example 25 Example
26 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32
Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R1234yf Mass % 80.0
70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 71 71 70 70 70 69 69 69
COP Ratio %(relative 103.1 102.1 101.1 100.4 99.8 99.5 99.2 99.1 to
R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 61.8 68.3 74.3 79.7 84.9 89.7 94.2
98.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00124 TABLE 124 Comparative Exam- Comparative Exam- Exam-
Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 ple 31
Example 28 ple 32 ple 33 Example 29 Example 30 Example 31
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass
% 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 75.0 65.0
55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 GWP -- 104 104 104 103 103 103 103 102
COP Ratio %(relative 102.7 101.6 100.7 100.0 99.5 99.2 99.0 98.9 to
R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 66.6 72.9 78.6 84.0 89.0 93.7 98.1
102.2 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00125 TABLE 125 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 32 Example 33 Example 34 Example 35 Example 36 Example
37 Example 38 Example 39 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
25.0 R1234yf Mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 65.0 GWP --
138 138 137 137 137 136 136 171 COP Ratio %(relative 102.3 101.2
100.4 99.7 99.3 99.0 98.8 101.9 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative
71.0 77.1 82.7 88.0 92.9 97.5 101.7 75.0 Capacity Ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00126 TABLE 126 Exam- Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Exam- Item Unit ple 34 Example
40 Example 41 Example 42 Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 ple 35
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 20.0 R32 Mass
% 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 45.0
35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 50.0 GWP -- 171 171 171 170 170 170 205 205
COP Ratio %(relative 100.9 100.1 99.6 99.2 98.9 98.7 101.6 100.7 to
R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 81.0 86.6 91.7 96.5 101.0 105.2
78.9 84.8 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00127 TABLE 127 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Comparative Item Unit Example 46
Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 ple 36 ple 37 ple 38 Example 50
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass
% 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 GWP -- 204 204 204 204 239 238 238
238 COP Ratio %(relative 100.0 99.5 99.1 98.8 101.4 100.6 99.9 99.4
to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 90.2 95.3 100.0 104.4 82.5 88.3
93.7 98.6 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00128 TABLE 128 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Exam- Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit
Example 51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 ple 39 Example 55
Example 56 Example 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0
R1234yf Mass % 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 45.0 GWP -- 237
237 272 272 272 271 271 306 COP Ratio %(relative 99.0 98.8 101.3
100.6 99.9 99.4 99.0 101.3 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 103.2
107.5 86.0 91.7 96.9 101.8 106.3 89.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00129 TABLE 129 Exam- Exam- Comparative Comparative
Comparative Exam- Comparative Comparative Item Unit ple 40 ple 41
Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 ple 42 Example 61 Example 62
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass
% 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0
15.0 5.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP -- 305 305 305 304 339 339 339 338
COP Ratio %(relative 100.6 100.0 99.5 99.1 101.3 100.6 100.0 99.5
to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 94.9 100.0 104.7 109.2 92.4 97.8
102.9 107.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00130 TABLE 130 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Item Unit Example 63 Example 64
Example 65 Example 66 ple 43 ple 44 ple 45 ple 46 HFO-1132(E) Mass
% 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 R32 Mass % 55.0 55.0 55.0
55.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 38.0
35.0 32.0 GWP -- 373 372 372 372 22 22 22 22 COP Ratio %(relative
101.4 100.7 100.1 99.6 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8 to R410A)
Refrigerating %(relative 95.3 100.6 105.6 110.2 81.7 83.2 84.6 86.0
Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00131 TABLE 131 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 47 ple 48 ple 49 ple 50 ple 51 ple 52 ple 53
ple 54 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 49.0 52.0 55.0 58.0 61.0 43.0 46.0 49.0
R32 Mass % 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 42.0
39.0 36.0 33.0 48.0 45.0 42.0 GWP -- 43 43 43 43 42 63 63 63 COP
Ratio %(relative 100.2 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.7 100.3 100.1 99.9 to
R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 80.9 82.4 83.9 85.4 86.8 80.4 82.0
83.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00132 TABLE 132 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 55 ple 56 ple 57 ple 58 ple 59 ple 60 ple 61
ple 62 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.0 55.0 58.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 50.0
R32 Mass % 9.0 9.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 R1234yf Mass % 39.0
36.0 33.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 GWP -- 63 63 63 83 83 83 83 83
COP Ratio %(relative 99.8 99.7 99.6 100.3 100.1 100.0 99.8 99.7 to
R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 85.0 86.5 87.9 80.4 82.0 83.5 85.1
86.6 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00133 TABLE 133 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 63 ple 64 ple 65 ple 66 ple 67 ple 68 ple 69
ple 70 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 53.0 33.0 36.0 39.0 42.0 45.0 48.0 51.0
R32 Mass % 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass %
35.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 43.0 40.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 83 104 104 103 103
103 103 103 COP Ratio %(relative 99.6 100.5 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.7
99.6 99.5 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 88.0 80.3 81.9 83.5
85.0 86.5 88.0 89.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00134 TABLE 134 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 71 ple 72 ple 73 ple 74 ple 75 ple 76 ple 77
ple 78 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 36.0
R32 Mass % 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass %
53.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 61.0 GWP -- 124 124 124 124 124
123 123 23 COP Ratio %(relative 100.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 99.6
99.5 101.3 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 80.6 82.2 83.8 85.4
86.9 88.4 89.9 71.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00135 TABLE 135 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 79 ple 80 ple 81 ple 82 ple 83 ple 84 ple 85
ple 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 39.0 42.0 30.0 33.0 36.0 26.0 29.0 32.0
R32 Mass % 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 58.0 55.0
64.0 61.0 58.0 65.0 62.0 59.0 GWP -- 23 23 43 43 43 64 64 63 COP
Ratio %(relative 101.1 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.0 101.6 101.3 101.1 to
R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 72.7 74.4 70.5 72.2 73.9 71.0 72.8
74.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00136 TABLE 136 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 87 ple 88 ple 89 ple 90 ple 91 ple 92 ple 93
ple 94 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0
R32 Mass % 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass %
67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 69.0 66.0 63.0 60.0 GWP -- 84 84 84 84 104 104
104 104 COP Ratio %(relative 101.8 101.5 101.2 101.0 102.1 101.8
101.4 101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 70.8 72.6 74.3 76.0
70.4 72.3 74.0 75.8 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00137 TABLE 137 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 95 ple 96 ple 97 ple 98 ple 99 ple 100 ple 101
ple 102 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 28.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 25.0
R32 Mass % 15.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 21.0 R1234yf Mass %
57.0 70.0 67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 55.0 54.0 GWP -- 104 124 124 124 124
124 124 144 COP Ratio %(relative 100.9 102.2 101.9 101.6 101.3
101.0 100.7 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 77.5 70.5 72.4
74.2 76.0 77.7 79.4 80.7 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00138 TABLE 138 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 103 ple 104 ple 105 ple 106 ple 107 ple 108 ple
109 ple 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 17.0 20.0 23.0 13.0 16.0
19.0 R32 Mass % 24.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf
Mass % 55.0 52.0 56.0 53.0 50.0 57.0 54.0 51.0 GWP -- 164 164 185
185 184 205 205 205 COP Ratio %(relative 100.9 100.6 101.1 100.8
100.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 80.8
82.5 80.8 82.5 84.2 80.7 82.5 84.2 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00139 TABLE 139 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 111 ple 112 ple 113 ple 114 ple 115 ple 116 ple
117 ple 118 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 8.0
12.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 36.0 36.0 R1234yf
Mass % 48.0 58.0 55.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 56.0 52.0 GWP -- 205 225 225
225 225 225 245 245 COP Ratio %(relative 100.5 101.6 101.3 101.0
100.8 100.5 101.6 101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 85.9
80.5 82.3 84.1 85.8 87.5 82.0 84.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00140 TABLE 140 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 119 ple 120 ple 121 ple 122 ple 123 ple 124 ple
125 ple 126 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 18.0 21.0 42.0 39.0 34.0 37.0
30.0 R32 Mass % 36.0 36.0 36.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 31.0 34.0 R1234yf
Mass % 49.0 46.0 43.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 32.0 36.0 GWP -- 245 245 245
170 191 211 211 231 COP Ratio % (relative 101.0 100.7 100.5 99.5
99.5 99.8 99.6 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.2 87.9
89.6 92.7 93.4 93.0 94.5 93.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00141 TABLE 141 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 127 ple 128 ple 129 ple 130 ple 131 ple 132 ple
133 ple 134 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 33.0 36.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 23.0
26.0 R32 Mass % 34.0 34.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 40.0 40.0 R1234yf
Mass % 33.0 30.0 39.0 36.0 33.0 30.0 37.0 34.0 GWP -- 231 231 252
251 251 251 272 272 COP Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.6 100.3 100.1
99.9 99.8 100.4 100.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.5 96.0
91.9 93.4 95.0 96.5 93.3 94.9 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00142 TABLE 142 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 135 ple 136 ple 137 ple 138 ple 139 ple 140 ple
141 ple 142 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 31.0
18.0 R32 Mass % 40.0 40.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 46.0 R1234yf
Mass % 31.0 28.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 26.0 36.0 GWP -- 272 271 292
292 292 292 292 312 COP Ratio %(relative 100.0 99.8 100.6 100.4
100.2 100.1 99.9 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 96.4 97.9
93.1 94.7 96.2 97.8 99.3 94.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00143 TABLE 143 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 143 ple 144 ple 145 ple 146 ple 147 ple 148 ple
149 ple 150 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 23.0 26.0 29.0 13.0 16.0 19.0
22.0 R32 Mass % 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 R1234yf
Mass % 33.0 31.0 28.0 25.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 GWP -- 312 312 312
312 332 332 332 332 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 100.4 100.2 100.0
101.1 100.9 100.7 100.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.0
97.0 98.6 100.1 93.5 95.1 96.7 98.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00144 TABLE 144 Item Unit Example 151 Example 152
HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 28.0 R32 Mass % 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass %
26.0 23.0 GWP -- 332 332 COP Ratio %(relative 100.3 100.1 to R410A)
Refrigerating %(relative 99.8 101.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
[0533] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the
following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),
[0534] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.0236y.sup.2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y.sup.2+0.7616y+28.0),
[0535] the line segment NE is represented by coordinates
(0.012y.sup.2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y.sup.2+0.9003y+41.7), and
[0536] the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the
refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more
relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower
flammability.
[0537] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG, and GM that connect
the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N
(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6,
0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the
line segment GM),
[0538] the line segment MM' is represented by coordinates
(0.132y.sup.2-3.34y+52.6, y, -0.132y.sup.2+2.34y+47.4),
[0539] the line segment M'N is represented by coordinates
(0.0596y.sup.2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y.sup.2+1.2541y+51.02),
[0540] the line segment VG is represented by coordinates
(0.0123y.sup.2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y.sup.2+0.8033y+60.4),
and
[0541] the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the
refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a
refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a
GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0542] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the
following 3 points:
Point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
[0543] point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments,
[0544] the line segment ON is represented by coordinates
(0.0072y.sup.2-0.6701y+37.512, y,
-0.0072y.sup.2-0.3299y+62.488),
[0545] the line segment NU is represented by coordinates
(0.0083y.sup.2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y.sup.2+0.7403y+43.365),
and
[0546] the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0547] The results also indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the
following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6,
36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments,
[0548] the line segment QR is represented by coordinates
(0.0099y.sup.2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y.sup.2+0.975y+15.235),
[0549] the line segment RT is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y,
-0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
[0550] the line segment LK is represented by coordinates
(0.0049y.sup.2-0.8842y+61.488, y,
-0.0049y.sup.2-0.1158y+38.512),
[0551] the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0095y.sup.2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y.sup.2+0.2222y+32.324),
and
[0552] the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
a WCF lower flammability.
[0553] The results further indicate that under the condition that
the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure
surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the
following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T
(8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments,
[0554] the line segment PS is represented by coordinates
(0.0064y.sup.2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y.sup.2-0.2897y+59.9),
[0555] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(0.0082y.sup.2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y.sup.2+0.8683y+16.874),
and
[0556] the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D
according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity
ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and
an ASHRAE lower flammability.
(5-5) Refrigerant E
[0557] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a
mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane
(R32).
[0558] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has
various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative
refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that
of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.
[0559] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0560] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GI);
[0561] the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0562] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0563] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0564] the line segments KB' and GI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93%
or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0565] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0566] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that
connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
[0567] the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates
(0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.0, -0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
[0568] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0569] the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93%
or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0570] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0571] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB', B'H, HR, RG, and
GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4,
9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments
(excluding the points on the line segments B'H and GM);
[0572] the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0573] the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z),
[0574] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
and
[0575] the line segments PB' and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or
less.
[0576] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0577] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that
connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R
(23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
[0578] the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z),
[0579] the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
[0580] the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0581] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0582] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect
the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T
(34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments;
[0583] the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z),
[0584] the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9, z), and
[0585] the line segment PS is a straight line. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or
less.
[0586] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0587] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments QB'', B''D, DU, and UQ that
connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B'' (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D
(0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line
segments (excluding the points on the line segment B''D);
[0588] the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z),
[0589] the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867, z),
and
[0590] the line segments QB'' and B''D are straight lines. When the
requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the
present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of
96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or
less.
[0591] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0592] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'e', e'a', and
a'0 that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d'
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), point e' (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments c'd', d'e', and e'a' (excluding
the points c' and a');
[0593] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
[0594] the line segment d'e' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0535z.sup.2+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z.sup.2+0.6771z+46.043, z),
and
[0595] the line segments Oc', e'a', and a'O are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or
more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0596] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0597] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea', and a'O
that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d
(76.3, 14.2, 9.5), point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and point a' (81.6,
0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments cd, de, and ea' (excluding the
points c and a');
[0598] the line segment cde is represented by coordinates
(-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316, z),
and
[0599] the line segments Oc, ea', and a'O are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
[0600] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0601] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc', c'd', d'a, and aO that
connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c' (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d'
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line
segments c'd' and d'a (excluding the points c' and a);
[0602] the line segment c'd' is represented by coordinates
(-0.0297z.sup.2-0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z.sup.2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
and
[0603] the line segments Oc', d'a, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0604] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is
preferably a refrigerant wherein
[0605] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on
their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates
(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range
of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d
(76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line
segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);
[0606] the line segment cd is represented by coordinates
.times.(-0.017z.sup.2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z.sup.2+0.9852z+22.316,
z), and
[0607] the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When
the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to
the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to
that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
[0608] The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may
further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and
effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant
according to the present disclosure preferably comprises
HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or
more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more
preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire
refrigerant.
[0609] Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be
selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant
may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more
additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant E)
[0610] The present disclosure is described in more detail below
with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the
refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.
[0611] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145
and 146.
[0612] The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak
simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and
Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0
under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and
recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most
flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
[0613] For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was
measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the
burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition
are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is
classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE
flammability classification.
[0614] A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed
refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed
by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no
traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning
velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature
was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an
electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample
cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the
ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the
flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical
container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with
two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,
and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of
the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a
frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
[0615] Tables 145 and 146 show the results.
TABLE-US-00145 TABLE 145 Item Unit I J K L WCF HFO-1132(E) mass %
72.0 57.7 48.4 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 27.5 R32 mass %
0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10
TABLE-US-00146 TABLE 146 Item Unit M N T P U Q WCF HFO-1132(E) mass
% 47.1 38.5 34.8 31.8 28.7 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 51.0 49.8
41.2 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 30.1 37.0 Leak condition
that Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, results
in WCFF Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping, -40.degree. Shipping,
-40.degree. C., 92%, C., 92%, C., 92%, C., 92%, C., 92%, C., 92%,
release, on release, on release, on release, on release, on
release, on the liquid the liquid the liquid the liquid the liquid
the liquid phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side
phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 58.9 51.5 44.6 31.4 27.1
HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.4 33.1 32.6 23.2 18.3 R32 mass % 0.0 8.7
15.4 22.8 45.4 54.6 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less
8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10
[0616] The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the
following 3 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and point L
(35.5, 27.5, 37.0); the line segment IK is represented by
coordinates (0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
-0.025z.sup.2+0.7429z+28.00, z), and the line segment KL is
represented by coordinates (0.0098z.sup.2-1.238z+67.852,
-0.0098z.sup.2+0.238z+32.148, z), it can be determined that the
refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.
[0617] For the points on the line segment 1K, an approximate curve
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points,
i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2,
18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates
(x=0.025z.sup.2-1.7429z+72.00,
y=100-z-x=-0.00922z.sup.2+0.2114z+32.443, z).
[0618] Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an
approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4,
33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5,
37.0) by using the least-square method to determine
coordinates.
[0619] The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary
composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment
connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0)
is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and
the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates
(x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the
following 3 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and point Q
(28.6, 34.4, 37.0), it can be determined that the refrigerant has
ASHRAE lower flammability.
[0620] In the above, the line segment MP is represented by
coordinates (0.0083z.sup.2-0.984z+47.1, -0.0083z.sup.2-0.016z+52.9,
z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z.sup.2-0.9181z+44.133, -0.0135z.sup.2-0.0819z+55.867,
z).
[0621] For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve
was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using
the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on
the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three
points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method
to determine coordinates.
[0622] The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A
(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed
to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3,
described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of
compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and
HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration
cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National
Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under
the following conditions.
[0623] The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be
referred to as "cooling capacity" or "capacity") ratio relative to
those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The
conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5.degree. C. Condensation temperature:
45.degree. C. Degree of superheating: 5K Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
[0624] Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of
each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE-US-00147 TABLE 147 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3
Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A'
B' A'' B'' HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 0.0
HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 R32 mass % 9.5 9.5 18.4
18.4 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 2088 65 65 125 125 250 250 COP ratio %
(relative 100 99.1 92.0 98.7 93.4 98.7 96.1 to R410A) Refrigerating
% (relative 100 102.2 111.6 105.3 113.7 110.0 115.4 capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE-US-00148 TABLE 148 Comparative Comparative Exam- Comparative
Example 8 Example 9 Comparative ple 1 Exam- Example 11 Item Unit O
C Example 10 U ple 2 D HFO-1132(E) mass % 100.0 50.0 41.1 28.7 15.2
0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 31.6 34.6 41.2 52.7 67.0 R32 mass % 0.0
18.4 24.3 30.1 32.1 33.0 GWP -- 1 125 165 204 217 228 COP ratio %
(relative 99.7 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 98.3 109.9 111.7 113.5 114.8 115.4 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00149 TABLE 149 Comparative Exam- Exam- Comparative
Example 12 Comparative ple 3 ple 4 Example 14 Item Unit E Example
13 T S F HFO-1132(E) mass % 53.4 43.4 34.8 25.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass %
46.6 47.1 51.0 56.2 74.1 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 25.9 GWP -- 1
65 97 125 176 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.6 109.2 110.8 112.3 114.8
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00150 TABLE 150 Comparative Exam- Comparative Example 15
Exam- ple 6 Exam- Example 16 Item Unit G ple 5 R ple 7 H
HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.5 31.5 23.1 16.9 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 61.5
63.5 67.4 71.1 84.2 R32 mass % 0.0 5.0 9.5 12.0 15.8 GWP -- 1 35 65
82 107 COP ratio % (relative 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.0 109.1 110.9 111.9 113.2 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00151 TABLE 151 Comparative Exam- Exam- Comparative
Example 17 ple 8 ple 9 Comparative Example 19 Item Unit I J K
Example 18 L HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 41.1 35.5 HFO-1123
mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 27.7 37.0
GWP -- 1 65 125 188 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.6 95.8 95.9 96.4
97.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 107.4 110.1 112.1
113.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00152 TABLE 152 Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Example 20
ple 10 ple 11 ple 12 Item Unit M N P Q HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 38.5
31.8 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 49.8 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5
18.4 37.0 GWP -- 1 65 125 250 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.1 94.7
96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 109.7 112.0 114.1
capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00153 TABLE 153 Comparative Comparative Comparative Exam-
Exam- Exam- Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 22 Example 23
Example 24 ple 14 ple 15 ple 16 Example 25 Example 26 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 85.0
75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP -- 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 COP ratio % (relative
91.7 92.2 92.9 93.7 94.6 95.6 96.7 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 110.1 109.8 109.2 108.4 107.4 106.1 104.7 103.1 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00154 TABLE 154 Comparative Comparative Comparative Exam-
Exam- Exam- Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 Example 28
Example 29 ple 17 ple 18 ple 19 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E)
mass % 90.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0
80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 R32 mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP -- 35 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 COP ratio %
(relative 98.8 92.4 92.9 93.5 94.3 95.1 96.1 97.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 101.4 111.7 111.3 110.6 109.6 108.5 107.2
105.7 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00155 TABLE 155 Comparative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 32 ple 20 ple 21 ple 22
ple 23 ple 24 Example 33 Example 34 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0
20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 10.0 75.0 65.0 55.0
45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
15.0 GWP -- 68 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 COP ratio % (relative
98.0 93.1 93.6 94.2 94.9 95.6 96.5 97.4 to R410A) Refrigerating %
(relative 104.1 112.9 112.4 111.6 110.6 109.4 108.1 106.6 capacity
ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00156 TABLE 156 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 35 Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 Example
40 Example 41 Example 42 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP --
102 136 136 136 136 136 136 136 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 93.9
94.3 94.8 95.4 96.2 97.0 97.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
105.0 113.8 113.2 112.4 111.4 110.2 108.8 107.3 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00157 TABLE 157 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Example 46 Example 47 Example
48 Example 49 Example 50 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0
5.0 60.0 R32 mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 GWP --
170 170 170 170 170 170 170 203 COP ratio % (relative 94.6 94.9
95.4 96.0 96.7 97.4 98.2 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
114.4 113.8 113.0 111.9 110.7 109.4 107.9 114.8 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00158 TABLE 158 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Exam- Exam- Comparative Item Unit Example
51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 Example 55 ple 25 ple 26
Example 56 HFO-1132(E) mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0
30.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 R32
mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 203 203 203
203 203 237 237 237 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 96.0 96.6 97.2 97.9
96.0 96.3 96.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.2 113.4
112.4 111.2 109.8 115.1 114.5 113.6 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00159 TABLE 159 Comparative Comparative Comparative
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item
Unit Example 57 Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 Example 61 Example
62 Example 63 Example 64 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0
20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 25.0 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP --
237 237 237 271 271 271 271 271 COP ratio % (relative 97.1 97.7
98.3 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative
112.6 111.5 110.2 115.1 114.6 113.8 112.8 111.7 capacity ratio to
R410A)
TABLE-US-00160 TABLE 160 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 27 ple 28 ple 29 ple 30 ple 31 ple 32 ple 33
ple 34 HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0
HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 58.0 56.0 54.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 R32 mass %
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 GWP -- 14 14 14 14 28 28 28 28 COP
ratio % (relative 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.7 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.7 107.5 107.3 107.2 108.6 108.4 108.2
108.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00161 TABLE 161 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 35 ple 36 ple 37 ple 38 ple 39 ple 40 ple 41
ple 42 HFO-1132(E) mass % 43.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 27.0
HFO-1123 mass % 53.0 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 65.0 R32 mass %
4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 GWP -- 28 41 41 41 41 41 41 55 COP
ratio % (relative 93.9 93.1 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.9 93.0 to R410A)
Refrigerating % (relative 107.8 109.5 109.3 109.1 109.0 108.8 108.6
110.3 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00162 TABLE 162 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 43 ple 44 ple 45 ple 46 ple 47 ple 48 ple 49
ple 50 HFO-1132(E) mass % 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 32.0 32.0
HFO-1123 mass % 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 51.0 50.0 R32 mass %
8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 17.0 18.0 GWP -- 55 55 55 55 55 55 116 122
COP ratio % (relative 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.6 93.8 94.0 94.5 94.7 to
R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 110.1 110.0 109.8 109.6 109.5
109.3 111.8 111.9 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00163 TABLE 163 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 51 ple 52 ple 53 ple 54 ple 55 ple 56 ple 57
ple 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 27.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 13.0
HFO-1123 mass % 52.0 42.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 54.0 52.0 R32 mass %
18.0 31.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 35.0 GWP -- 122 210 223 223 223
223 237 237 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 96.0 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3
96.0 96.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.1 113.7 114.3
114.2 114.0 113.8 115.0 114.9 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00164 TABLE 164 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 59 ple 60 ple 61 ple 62 ple 63 ple 64 ple 65
ple 66 HFO-1132(E) mass % 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0
HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 52.0 R32 mass %
35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 237 237 237
237 237 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.4
96.5 96.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.8 114.7 114.5
114.4 114.2 114.1 113.9 115.1 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00165 TABLE 165 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 67 ple 68 ple 69 ple 70 ple 71 ple 72 ple 73
ple 74 HFO-1132(E) mass % 13.0 15.0 17.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0
HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 R32 mass %
37.0 37.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP -- 250 250 250 237 237 237
237 237 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3
96.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 115.0 114.9 114.7 114.8
114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
TABLE-US-00166 TABLE 166 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam-
Exam- Item Unit ple 75 ple 76 ple 77 ple 78 ple 79 ple 80 ple 81
ple 82 HFO-1132(E) mass % 25.0 27.0 11.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0
HFO-1123 mass % 40.0 38.0 52.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R32 mass %
0.0 0.0 0.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 GWP -- 237 237 250 250 250 250
250 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.4 96.5 96.2 96.5 96.5 96.6 96.7
96.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.1 113.9 115.1 114.6
114.5 114.3 114.1 114.0 capacity ratio to R410A)
[0625] The above results indicate that under the condition that the
mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is
respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z)
in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),
HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point
(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and
the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the
range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the
following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A'' (63.0, 0.0, 37.0), point B''
(0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.
[0626] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A' (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), point B'
(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line
segments, the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.
[0627] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that
connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), point B (0.0,
90.5, 9.5), and point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0), or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.
[0628] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4), point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and point D
(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0629] In the above, the line segment CU is represented by
coordinates (-0.0538z.sup.2+0.7888z+53.701,
0.0538z.sup.2-1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is
represented by coordinates
(-3.4962z.sup.2+210.71z-3146.1, 3.4962z.sup.2-211.71z+3246.1,
z).
[0630] The points on the line segment CU are determined from three
points, i.e., point
[0631] C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the
least-square method.
[0632] The points on the line segment UD are determined from three
points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the
least-square method.
[0633] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0), point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and point F
(0.0, 76.7, 23.3), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0634] In the above, the line segment ET is represented by
coordinates (-0.0547z.sup.2-0.5327z+53.4,
0.0547z.sup.2-0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is
represented by coordinates
(-0.0982z.sup.2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z.sup.2-1.9622z+59.069,
z).
[0635] The points on the line segment ET are determined from three
points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the
least-square method.
[0636] The points on the line segment TF are determined from three
points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square
method.
[0637] The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are
on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3
points:
point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3), point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and point H
(0.0, 85.9, 14.1), or on these line segments, the refrigerant has a
COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.
[0638] In the above, the line segment GR is represented by
coordinates (-0.0491z.sup.2-1.1544z+38.5,
0.0491z.sup.2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is
represented by coordinates
(-0.3123z.sup.2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z.sup.2-5.234z+88.94, z).
[0639] The points on the line segment GR are determined from three
points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the
least-square method.
[0640] The points on the line segment RH are determined from three
points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the
least-square method.
[0641] In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples
8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the
concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double
bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to
deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the
refrigerant compound.
[0642] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been
described above, and it is understood that the embodiments and
details can be modified in various ways without departing from the
idea and scope of the present disclosure described in the
claims.
(6) First Embodiment
[0643] An air conditioning apparatus 1 serving as a refrigeration
cycle apparatus according to a first embodiment is described below
with reference to FIG. 16 which is a schematic configuration
diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 17 which is a schematic
control block configuration diagram.
[0644] The air conditioning apparatus 1 is an apparatus that
controls the condition of air in a subject space by performing a
vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
[0645] The air conditioning apparatus 1 mainly includes an outdoor
unit 20, an indoor unit 30, a liquid-side connection pipe 6 and a
gas-side connection pipe 5 that connect the outdoor unit 20 and the
indoor unit 30 to each other, a remote controller (not illustrated)
serving as an input device and an output device, and a controller 7
that controls operations of the air conditioning apparatus 1.
[0646] The air conditioning apparatus 1 performs a refrigeration
cycle in which a refrigerant enclosed in a refrigerant circuit 10
is compressed, cooled or condensed, decompressed, heated or
evaporated, and then compressed again. In the present embodiment,
the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with a refrigerant for
performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant
is a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any
one of the above-described refrigerants A to E. The air
conditioning apparatus 1 provided with only one indoor unit 30 may
have, for example, a rated cooling capacity of 2.0 kW or more and
17.0 kW or less. In particular, in the present embodiment provided
with a low-pressure receiver 26 being a refrigerant container, the
rated cooling capacity is preferably 4.0 kW or more and 17.0 kW or
less.
[0647] (6-1) Outdoor Unit 20
[0648] The outdoor unit 20 is connected to the indoor unit 30 via
the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe
5, and constitutes a part of the refrigerant circuit 10. The
outdoor unit 20 mainly includes a compressor 21, a four-way
switching valve 22, an outdoor heat exchanger 23, an outdoor
expansion valve 24, an outdoor fan 25, the low-pressure receiver
26, a liquid-side shutoff valve 29, and a gas-side shutoff valve
28.
[0649] The compressor 21 is a device that compresses the
refrigerant with a low pressure in the refrigeration cycle until
the refrigerant becomes a high-pressure refrigerant. In this case,
a compressor having a hermetically sealed structure in which a
compression element (not illustrated) of positive-displacement
type, such as rotary type or scroll type, is rotationally driven by
a compressor motor is used as the compressor 21. The compressor
motor is for changing the capacity, and has an operational
frequency that can be controlled by an inverter. Note that the
compressor 21 is provided with an additional accumulator (not
illustrated) on the suction side.
[0650] The four-way switching valve 22, by switching the connection
state, can switch the state between a cooling operation connection
state in which the discharge side of the compressor 21 is connected
to the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the suction side of the
compressor 21 is connected to the gas-side shutoff valve 28, and a
heating operation connection state in which the discharge side of
the compressor 21 is connected to the gas-side shutoff valve 28 and
the suction side of the compressor 21 is connected to the outdoor
heat exchanger 23.
[0651] The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a heat exchanger that
functions as a condenser for the high-pressure refrigerant in the
refrigeration cycle during cooling operation and that functions as
an evaporator for the low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration
cycle during heating operation. Note that, for the inner capacity
(the volume of a fluid with which the inside can be filled) of the
outdoor heat exchanger 23, when the refrigerant circuit 10 is
provided with a refrigerant container (for example, a low-pressure
receiver or a high-pressure receiver, excluding the accumulator
belonging to the compressor) like the present embodiment, the inner
capacity is preferably 1.4 L or more and less than 5.0 L. Moreover,
like the present embodiment, for the inner capacity (the volume of
a fluid with which the inside can be filled) of the outdoor heat
exchanger 23 included in a trunk outdoor unit 20 provided with only
one outdoor fan 25, the inner capacity is preferably 0.4 L or more
and less than 3.5 L.
[0652] The outdoor fan 25 sucks outdoor air into the outdoor unit
20, causes the outdoor air to exchange heat with the refrigerant in
the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and then generates an air flow to be
discharged to the outside. The outdoor fan 25 is rotationally
driven by an outdoor fan motor.
[0653] The valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 24
is controllable and the outdoor expansion valve 24 is provided
between a liquid-side end portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 23
and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29.
[0654] The low-pressure receiver 26 is a container that is provided
between one of the connecting ports of the four-way switching valve
22 and the suction side of the compressor 21 and that can store the
refrigerant.
[0655] The liquid-side shutoff valve 29 is a manual valve disposed
in a connection portion of the outdoor unit 20 with respect to the
liquid-side connection pipe 6.
[0656] The gas-side shutoff valve 28 is a manual valve disposed in
a connection portion of the outdoor unit 20 with respect to the
gas-side connection pipe 5.
[0657] The outdoor unit 20 includes an outdoor-unit control unit 27
that controls operations of respective sections constituting the
outdoor unit 20. The outdoor-unit control unit 27 includes a
microcomputer including a CPU, a memory, and so forth. The
outdoor-unit control unit 27 is connected to an indoor-unit control
unit 34 of each indoor unit 30 via a communication line, and
transmits and receives a control signal and so forth. The
outdoor-unit control unit 27 is electrically connected to various
sensors (not illustrated) and receives signals from the respective
sensors.
[0658] (6-2) Indoor Unit 30
[0659] The indoor unit 30 is installed on a wall surface or a
ceiling in a room that is a subject space. The indoor unit 30 is
connected to the outdoor unit 20 via the liquid-side connection
pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, and constitutes a part
of the refrigerant circuit 10.
[0660] The indoor unit 30 includes an indoor heat exchanger 31 and
an indoor fan 32.
[0661] The liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is connected
to the liquid-side connection pipe 6, and the gas-side end thereof
is connected to the gas-side connection pipe 5. The indoor heat
exchanger 31 is a heat exchanger that functions as an evaporator
for the low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during
cooling operation and that functions as a condenser for the
high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during heating
operation.
[0662] The indoor fan 32 sucks indoor air into the indoor unit 30,
causes the indoor air to exchange heat with the refrigerant in the
indoor heat exchanger 31, and then generates an air flow to be
discharged to the outside. The indoor fan 32 is rotationally driven
by an indoor fan motor.
[0663] The indoor unit 30 includes an indoor-unit control unit 34
that controls operations of respective sections constituting the
indoor unit 30. The indoor-unit control unit 34 includes a
microcomputer including a CPU, a memory, and so forth. The
indoor-unit control unit 34 is connected to the outdoor-unit
control unit 27 via a communication line, and transmits and
receives a control signal and so forth.
[0664] The indoor-unit control unit 34 is electrically connected to
various sensors (not illustrated) provided in the indoor unit 30
and receives signals from the respective sensors.
[0665] (6-3) Details of Controller 7
[0666] In the air conditioning apparatus 1, the outdoor-unit
control unit 27 is connected to the indoor-unit control unit 34 via
the communication line, thereby constituting the controller 7 that
controls operations of the air conditioning apparatus 1.
[0667] The controller 7 mainly includes a CPU (central processing
unit) and a memory, such as a ROM or a RAM. Various processing and
control by the controller 7 are provided when respective sections
included in the outdoor-unit control unit 27 and/or the indoor-unit
control unit 34 function together.
[0668] (6-4) Operating Modes
[0669] Operating modes are described below.
[0670] The operating modes include a cooling operating mode and a
heating operating mode. The controller 7 determines whether the
operating mode is the cooling operating mode or the heating
operating mode and executes the determined mode based on an
instruction received from the remote controller or the like.
[0671] (6-4-1) Cooling Operating Mode
[0672] In the air conditioning apparatus 1, in the cooling
operating mode, the connection state of the four-way switching
valve 22 is in the cooling operation connection state in which the
discharge side of the compressor 21 is connected to the outdoor
heat exchanger 23 and the suction side of the compressor 21 is
connected to the gas-side shutoff valve 28, and the refrigerant
filled in the refrigerant circuit 10 is circulated mainly
sequentially in the compressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 23,
the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the indoor heat exchanger
31.
[0673] More specifically, in the refrigerant circuit 10, when the
cooling operating mode is started, the refrigerant is sucked into
the compressor 21, compressed, and then discharged.
[0674] The compressor 21 performs capacity control in accordance
with a cooling load required for the indoor unit 30. The capacity
control is not limited and may be, for example, control in which a
target value of suction pressure is set in accordance with the
cooling load required for the indoor unit 30, and the operating
frequency of the compressor 21 is controlled such that the suction
pressure becomes the target value.
[0675] The gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 passes
through the four-way switching valve 22 and flows into the gas-side
end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
[0676] The gas refrigerant which has flowed into the gas-side end
of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat with outdoor-side
air supplied by the outdoor fan 25, hence is condensed and turns
into a liquid refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and
flows out from the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger
23.
[0677] The refrigerant which has flowed out from the liquid-side
end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is decompressed when passing
through the outdoor expansion valve 24. Note that the outdoor
expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling
of the refrigerant flowing through the liquid-side outlet of the
outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies a predetermined condition. The
method of controlling the valve opening degree of the outdoor
expansion valve 24 is not limited, and, for example, control may be
performed such that the discharge temperature of the refrigerant
discharged from the compressor 21 becomes a predetermined
temperature, or the degree of superheating of the refrigerant
discharged from the compressor 21 satisfies a predetermined
condition.
[0678] The refrigerant decompressed at the outdoor expansion valve
24 passes through the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the
liquid-side connection pipe 6, and flows into the indoor unit
30.
[0679] The refrigerant which has flowed into the indoor unit 30
flows into the indoor heat exchanger 31; exchanges heat with the
indoor air supplied by the indoor fan 32, hence is evaporated, and
turns into a gas refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 31; and
flows out from the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31.
The gas refrigerant which has flowed out from the gas-side end of
the indoor heat exchanger 31 flows to the gas-side connection pipe
5.
[0680] The refrigerant which has flowed through the gas-side
connection pipe 5 passes through the gas-side shutoff valve 28 and
the four-way switching valve 22, and is sucked into the compressor
21 again.
[0681] (6-4-2) Heating Operating Mode
[0682] In the air conditioning apparatus 1, in the heating
operating mode, the connection state of the four-way switching
valve 22 is in the heating operation connection state in which the
discharge side of the compressor 21 is connected to the gas-side
shutoff valve 28 and the suction side of the compressor 21 is
connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and the refrigerant
filled in the refrigerant circuit 10 is circulated mainly
sequentially in the compressor 21, the indoor heat exchanger 31,
the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the outdoor heat exchanger
23.
[0683] More specifically, in the refrigerant circuit 10, when the
heating operating mode is started, the refrigerant is sucked into
the compressor 21, compressed, and then discharged.
[0684] The compressor 21 performs capacity control in accordance
with a heating load required for the indoor unit 30. The capacity
control is not limited and may be, for example, control in which a
target value of discharge pressure is set in accordance with the
heating load required for the indoor unit 30, and the operating
frequency of the compressor 21 is controlled such that the
discharge pressure becomes the target value.
[0685] The gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows
through the four-way switching valve 22 and the gas-side connection
pipe 5, and then flows into the indoor unit 30.
[0686] The refrigerant which has flowed into the indoor unit 30
flows into the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31;
exchanges heat with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fan 32,
hence is condensed, and turns into a refrigerant in a gas-liquid
two-phase state or a liquid refrigerant in the indoor heat
exchanger 31; and flows out from the liquid-side end of the indoor
heat exchanger 31. The refrigerant which has flowed out from the
liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31 flows to the
liquid-side connection pipe 6.
[0687] The refrigerant which has flowed through the liquid-side
connection pipe 6 is decompressed to a low pressure in the
refrigeration cycle at the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the
outdoor expansion valve 24. Note that the outdoor expansion valve
24 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of the
refrigerant flowing through the liquid-side outlet of the indoor
heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined condition. The method
of controlling the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion
valve 24 is not limited, and, for example, control may be performed
such that the discharge temperature of the refrigerant discharged
from the compressor 21 becomes a predetermined temperature, or the
degree of superheating of the refrigerant discharged from the
compressor 21 satisfies a predetermined condition.
[0688] The refrigerant decompressed at the outdoor expansion valve
24 flows into the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger
23.
[0689] The refrigerant which has flowed in from the liquid-side end
of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat with the outdoor
air supplied by the outdoor fan 25, hence is evaporated and turns
into a gas refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and flows
out from the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
[0690] The refrigerant which has flowed out from the gas-side end
of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 passes through the four-way
switching valve 22 and is sucked into the compressor 21 again.
[0691] (6-5) Refrigerant Enclosure Amount
[0692] In the air conditioning apparatus 1 provided with only the
above-described one indoor unit 30, the refrigerant circuit 10 is
filled with the refrigerant by an enclosure amount of 160 g or more
and 560 g or less per 1 kW of refrigeration capacity. In
particular, in the air conditioning apparatus 1 provided with the
low-pressure receiver 26 as a refrigerant container, the
refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with the refrigerant by an
enclosure amount of 260 g or more and 560 g or less per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity.
[0693] (6-6) Characteristics of First Embodiment
[0694] For example, in a refrigeration cycle apparatus using a R32
refrigerant which has been frequently used, when the filling amount
of R32 is too small, an insufficiency of the refrigerant tends to
decrease cycle efficiency, resulting in an increase in the LCCP;
and when the filling amount of R32 is too large, the impact of the
GWP tends to increase, resulting in an increase in the LCCP.
[0695] In contrast, the air conditioning apparatus 1 provided with
only one indoor unit 30 according to the present embodiment uses
any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E containing
1,2-difluoroethylene as the refrigerant, and the refrigerant
enclosure amount is set such that the enclosure amount per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity is 160 g or more and 560 g or less (in
particular, 260 g or more and 560 g or less as the low-pressure
receiver 26 is provided).
[0696] Accordingly, since a refrigerant having a GWP sufficiently
smaller than R32 is used and the enclosure amount per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity is not more than 560 g, the LCCP can be kept
low. Moreover, even when a refrigerant having a heat-transfer
capacity lower than R32 is used, since the enclosure amount per 1
kW of refrigeration capacity is 160 g or more (in particular, 260 g
or more as the low-pressure receiver 26 is provided), a decrease in
cycle efficiency due to an insufficiency of the refrigerant is
suppressed, thereby suppressing an increase in the LCCP. As
described above, when a heat cycle is performed using a
sufficiently small GWP, the LCCP can be kept low.
[0697] (6-7) Modification A of First Embodiment
[0698] In the above-described first embodiment, the example of the
air conditioning apparatus provided with the low-pressure receiver
on the suction side of the compressor 21 has been described;
however, the air conditioning apparatus may be one not be provided
with a refrigerant container (a low-pressure receiver, a
high-pressure receiver, or the like, excluding an accumulator
belonging to a compressor) in a refrigerant circuit.
[0699] In this case, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with the
refrigerant such that the refrigerant enclosure amount per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity is 160 g or more and 400 g or less.
Moreover, in this case, the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid
with which the inside can be filled) of the outdoor heat exchanger
23 is preferably 0.4 L or more and 2.5 L or less.
[0700] (6-8) Modification B of First Embodiment
[0701] In the above-described first embodiment, the example of the
air conditioning apparatus provided with only one indoor unit has
been described; however, the air conditioning apparatus may be one
provided with a plurality of indoor units (without an indoor
expansion valve) connected in parallel to one another.
[0702] In this case, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with the
refrigerant such that the refrigerant enclosure amount per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity is 260 g or more and 560 g or less.
Moreover, in this case, the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid
with which the inside can be filled) of the outdoor heat exchanger
23 is preferably 1.4 L or more and less than 5.0 L.
[0703] (6-9) Modification C of First Embodiment
[0704] In the above-described first embodiment, the example of the
air conditioning apparatus having the trunk outdoor unit 20
provided with only one outdoor fan 25 has been described; however,
the air conditioning apparatus may be one having the trunk outdoor
unit 20 provided with two outdoor fans 25.
[0705] In this case, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with the
refrigerant such that the refrigerant enclosure amount per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity is 350 g or more and 540 g or less.
Moreover, in this case, the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid
with which the inside can be filled) of the outdoor heat exchanger
23 is preferably 3.5 L or more and 7.0 L or less.
(7) Second Embodiment
[0706] An air conditioning apparatus 1a serving as a refrigeration
cycle apparatus according to a second embodiment is described below
with reference to FIG. 18 which is a schematic configuration
diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 19 which is a schematic
control block configuration diagram.
[0707] The air conditioning apparatus 1a according to the second
embodiment is mainly described below, and portions different from
the air conditioning apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment
are mainly described.
[0708] Also in the air conditioning apparatus 1a, the refrigerant
circuit 10 is filled with, as a refrigerant for performing a vapor
compression refrigeration cycle, a refrigerant which contains
1,2-difluoroethylene, and which is any one of the above-described
refrigerants A to E.
[0709] In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioning apparatus 1a,
a first outdoor expansion valve 44, an intermediate-pressure
receiver 41, and a second outdoor expansion valve 45 are
sequentially provided between the liquid side of the outdoor heat
exchanger 23 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29, instead of the
outdoor expansion valve 24 of the outdoor unit 20 according to the
above-described first embodiment. Moreover, the low-pressure
receiver 26 of the outdoor unit 20 according to the first
embodiment is not provided in the outdoor unit 20 according to the
second embodiment.
[0710] The valve opening degrees of the first outdoor expansion
valve 44 and the second outdoor expansion valve 45 are
controllable.
[0711] The intermediate-pressure receiver 41 is a container in
which both an end portion of a pipe extending from the first
outdoor expansion valve 44 side and an end portion of a pipe
extending from the second outdoor expansion valve 45 side are
located in the inner space thereof and that can store the
refrigerant.
[0712] Note that, since the air conditioning apparatus 1a according
to the second embodiment is provided with the intermediate-pressure
receiver 41 that is a refrigerant container in the refrigerant
circuit 10, the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid with which
the inside can be filled) of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 included
in the outdoor unit 20 is preferably 1.4 L or more and less than
5.0 L. Moreover, like the present embodiment, the inner capacity
(the volume of a fluid with which the inside can be filled) of the
outdoor heat exchanger 23 included in a trunk outdoor unit 20
provided with only one outdoor fan 25 is preferably 0.4 L or more
and less than 3.5 L.
[0713] In the air conditioning apparatus 1a, in the cooling
operating mode, the first outdoor expansion valve 44 is controlled
such that the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing
through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23
satisfies a predetermined condition. Also, in the cooling operating
mode, the second outdoor expansion valve 45 is controlled such that
the degree of superheating of the refrigerant to be sucked by the
compressor 21 satisfies a predetermined condition. Note that, in
the cooling operating mode, the second outdoor expansion valve 45
may be controlled such that the temperature of the refrigerant
discharged from the compressor 21 becomes a predetermined
temperature, or may be controlled such that the degree of
superheating of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21
satisfies a predetermined condition.
[0714] Also, in the heating operating mode, the second outdoor
expansion valve 45 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling
of the refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the
indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined condition. Also,
in the cooling operating mode, the first outdoor expansion valve 44
is controlled such that the degree of superheating of the
refrigerant to be sucked by the compressor 21 satisfies a
predetermined condition. Note that, in the heating operating mode,
the first outdoor expansion valve 44 may be controlled such that
the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor
21 becomes a predetermined temperature, or may be controlled such
that the degree of superheating of the refrigerant discharged from
the compressor 21 satisfies a predetermined condition.
[0715] In the air conditioning apparatus 1a provided with only the
above-described one indoor unit 30, the refrigerant circuit 10 is
filled with the refrigerant by an enclosure amount of 160 g or more
and 560 g or less per 1 kW of refrigeration capacity. In
particular, in the air conditioning apparatus 1 provided with the
intermediate-pressure receiver 41 as a refrigerant container, the
refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with the refrigerant by an
enclosure amount of 260 g or more and 560 g or less per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity.
[0716] The air conditioning apparatus 1 provided with only one
indoor unit 30 may have a rated cooling capacity of 2.2 kW or more
and 16.0 kW or less, or more preferably 4.0 kW or more and 16.0 kW
or less.
[0717] Even in the air conditioning apparatus 1a according to the
second embodiment, like the air conditioning apparatus 1 according
to the first embodiment, when a heat cycle is performed using a
sufficiently small GWP, the LCCP can be kept low.
[0718] (7-1) Modification A of Second Embodiment
[0719] In the above-described second embodiment, the example of the
air conditioning apparatus provided with only one indoor unit has
been described; however, the air conditioning apparatus may be one
provided with a plurality of indoor units (without an indoor
expansion valve) connected in parallel to one another.
[0720] In this case, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with the
refrigerant such that the refrigerant enclosure amount per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity is 260 g or more and 560 g or less.
Moreover, in this case, the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid
with which the inside can be filled) of the outdoor heat exchanger
23 is preferably 1.4 L or more and less than 5.0 L.
[0721] (7-2) Modification B of Second Embodiment
[0722] In the above-described second embodiment, the example of the
air conditioning apparatus having the trunk outdoor unit 20
provided with only one outdoor fan 25 has been described; however,
the air conditioning apparatus may be one having the trunk outdoor
unit 20 provided with two outdoor fans 25.
[0723] In this case, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with the
refrigerant such that the refrigerant enclosure amount per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity is 350 g or more and 540 g or less.
Moreover, in this case, the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid
with which the inside can be filled) of the outdoor heat exchanger
23 is preferably 3.5 L or more and 7.0 L or less.
(8) Third Embodiment
[0724] An air conditioning apparatus 1b serving as a refrigeration
cycle apparatus according to a third embodiment is described below
with reference to FIG. 20 which is a schematic configuration
diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 21 which is a schematic
control block configuration diagram.
[0725] The air conditioning apparatus 1b according to the third
embodiment is mainly described below, and portions different from
the air conditioning apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment
are mainly described.
[0726] In the air conditioning apparatus 1b, the refrigerant
circuit 10 is filled with, as a refrigerant for performing a vapor
compression refrigeration cycle, a refrigerant which contains
1,2-difluoroethylene, and which is any one of the above-described
refrigerants A to E.
[0727] The outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioning apparatus 1b
according to the third embodiment is obtained by providing a
subcooling heat exchanger 47 and a subcooling circuit 46 in the
outdoor unit 20 according to the first embodiment.
[0728] The subcooling heat exchanger 47 is provided between the
outdoor expansion valve 24 and the liquid-side shutoff valve
29.
[0729] The subcooling circuit 46 is a circuit that is branched from
a main circuit between the outdoor expansion valve 24 and the
subcooling heat exchanger 47 and that extends to be joined to a
midway portion extending from one of the connecting ports of the
four-way switching valve 22 to the low-pressure receiver 26. The
subcooling circuit 46 is provided with a subcooling expansion valve
48 that is located midway in the subcooling circuit 46 and that
decompresses the refrigerant passing therethrough. The refrigerant
flowing through the subcooling circuit 46 and decompressed at the
subcooling expansion valve 48 exchanges heat with the refrigerant
flowing through the main-circuit side in the subcooling heat
exchanger 47. Thus, the refrigerant flowing through the
main-circuit side is further cooled and the refrigerant flowing
through the subcooling circuit 46 is evaporated.
[0730] Note that, in the air conditioning apparatus 1b according to
the third embodiment including a plurality of indoor units each
having an indoor expansion valve, the inner capacity (the volume of
a fluid with which the inside can be filled) of the outdoor heat
exchanger 23 included in the outdoor unit 20 is preferably 5.0 L or
more and 38 L or less. In particular, when the outdoor unit 20 has
a blow-out port facing a lateral side for the air which has passed
through the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and is provided with two
outdoor fans 25, the inner capacity (the volume of a fluid with
which the inside can be filled) of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is
preferably 7.0 L or less. When the outdoor unit 20 blows out the
air which has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger 23 upward,
the inner capacity is preferably 5.5 L or more.
[0731] The air conditioning apparatus 1b according to the third
embodiment includes a first indoor unit 30 and a second indoor unit
35 connected in parallel to each other, instead of the indoor unit
30 according to the first embodiment.
[0732] The first indoor unit 30 includes a first indoor heat
exchanger 31, a first indoor fan 32, and a first indoor-unit
control unit 34 like the indoor unit 30 according to the
above-described first embodiment; and further a first indoor
expansion valve 33 is provided on the liquid-side of the first
indoor heat exchanger 31. The valve opening degree of the first
indoor expansion valve 33 is controllable.
[0733] Similarly to the first indoor unit 30, the second indoor
unit 35 includes a second indoor heat exchanger 36, a second indoor
fan 37, a second indoor-unit control unit 39, and a second indoor
expansion valve 38 provided on the liquid side of the second indoor
heat exchanger 36. The valve opening degree of the second indoor
expansion valve 38 is controllable.
[0734] A controller 7 according to the third embodiment is
constituted of an outdoor-unit control unit 27, the first
indoor-unit control unit 34, and the second indoor-unit control
unit 39 that are communicably connected to one another.
[0735] In the cooling operating mode, the outdoor expansion valve
24 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of the
refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor
heat exchanger 23 satisfies a predetermined condition. Also, in the
cooling operating mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is
controlled such that the degree of superheating of the refrigerant
to be sucked by the compressor 21 satisfies a predetermined
condition. Note that, in the cooling operating mode, the first
indoor expansion valve 33 and the second indoor expansion valve 38
are controlled to be in a fully-opened state.
[0736] In the heating operating mode, the first indoor expansion
valve 33 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of the
refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the first
indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined condition. The
second indoor expansion valve 38 is likewise controlled such that
the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing through the
liquid-side outlet of the second indoor heat exchanger 36 satisfies
a predetermined condition. Also, in the heating operating mode, the
outdoor expansion valve 45 is controlled such that the degree of
superheating of the refrigerant to be sucked by the compressor 21
satisfies a predetermined condition. Note that, in the heating
operating mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled
such that the degree of superheating of the refrigerant to be
sucked by the compressor 21 satisfies a predetermined
condition.
[0737] In the air conditioning apparatus 1b provided with the
above-described plurality of indoor units 30 and 35, the
refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with the refrigerant such that the
enclosure amount per 1 kW of refrigeration capacity is 190 g or
more and 1660 g or less.
[0738] The air conditioning apparatus 1b provided with the
plurality of indoor units 30 and 35 may have a rated cooling
capacity of, for example, 4.0 kW or more and 150.0 kW or less, more
preferably 14.0 kW or more and 150.0 kW or less, or further
preferably 22.4 kW or more and 150.0 kW or less when the outdoor
unit 20 is top blowing type.
[0739] The air conditioning apparatus 1b provided with the
plurality of indoor units according to the third embodiment uses a
refrigerant which contains 1,2-difluoroethylene and which is any
one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, and the refrigerant
enclosure amount is set such that the enclosure amount per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity is 190 g or more and 1660 g or less.
[0740] Accordingly, also in the air conditioning apparatus 1b
provided with the plurality of indoor units, since a refrigerant
having a GWP sufficiently smaller than R32 is used and the
enclosure amount per 1 kW of refrigeration capacity is not more
than 1660 g, the LCCP can be kept low. Moreover, also in the air
conditioning apparatus 1b provided with the plurality of indoor
units, even when a refrigerant having a heat-transfer capacity
lower than R32 is used, since the enclosure amount per 1 kW of
refrigeration capacity is 190 g or more, a decrease in cycle
efficiency due to an insufficiency of the refrigerant is
suppressed, thereby suppressing an increase in the LCCP. As
described above, also in the air conditioning apparatus 1b provided
with the plurality of indoor units, when a heat cycle is performed
using a refrigerant having a sufficiently small GWP, the LCCP can
be kept low.
(9) Fourth Embodiment
[0741] Regarding the enclosure refrigerant amount when a
refrigerant which contains 1,2-difluoroethylene and which is one of
the above-described refrigerants A to E is enclosed in the
refrigerant circuit, for a refrigeration cycle apparatus provided
with only one indoor unit 30 like the air conditioning apparatus 1
according to the first embodiment and the air conditioning
apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment, the enclosure
amount per 1 kW of refrigeration capacity is set to 160 g or more
and 560 g or less; and for a refrigeration cycle apparatus provided
with a plurality of indoor units 30 and 35 like the air
conditioning apparatus 1b according to the third embodiment, the
enclosure amount per 1 kW of refrigeration capacity is set to 190 g
or more and 1660 g or less.
[0742] Accordingly, the GWP and the LCCP can be kept low in
accordance with the type of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
[0743] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been
described above, and it is understood that the embodiments and
details can be modified in various ways without departing from the
idea and scope of the present disclosure described in the
claims.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
[0744] 1, 1a, and 1b air conditioning apparatus (refrigeration
cycle apparatus) [0745] 5 gas-side connection pipe (refrigerant
pipe) [0746] 6 liquid-side connection pipe (refrigerant pipe)
[0747] 10 refrigerant circuit [0748] 20 outdoor unit (heat source
unit) [0749] 21 compressor [0750] 23 outdoor heat exchanger
(heat-source-side heat exchanger) [0751] 30 indoor unit, first
indoor unit (service unit, first service unit) [0752] 31 indoor
heat exchanger, first indoor heat exchanger (first service-side
heat exchanger) [0753] 35 second indoor unit (second service unit)
[0754] 36 second indoor heat exchanger (second service-side heat
exchanger)
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0755] PTL 1: International Publication No. 2015/141678
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