U.S. patent application number 16/824808 was filed with the patent office on 2020-09-24 for method for retrofitting a building using a lift system and component kit for performing the method.
The applicant listed for this patent is Manfred GRESCHBACH. Invention is credited to Manfred GRESCHBACH.
Application Number | 20200299982 16/824808 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004870762 |
Filed Date | 2020-09-24 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200299982 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
GRESCHBACH; Manfred |
September 24, 2020 |
METHOD FOR RETROFITTING A BUILDING USING A LIFT SYSTEM AND
COMPONENT KIT FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD
Abstract
A method for retrofitting a building using a lift system and a
component kit for performing the method are provided. The shaft of
the lift system extends over at least two stories 3 and comprises a
self-supporting sheet metal box made of at least one steel plate,
which is provided for receiving a cabin of the lift system together
with its guides and drive devices. The sheet metal box of the shaft
has a profiled cross section, which forms a cross-sectional area in
the cross-sectional plane within the sheet metal box, which
essentially covers the area required by the cabin and its guides
and drive devices, and additionally contains the area of a lift
platform for bridging a distance between the cabin and the
building. The method provides prefabricating the lift system and
installing it to the building.
Inventors: |
GRESCHBACH; Manfred;
(Herbolzheim, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
GRESCHBACH; Manfred |
Herbolzheim |
|
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004870762 |
Appl. No.: |
16/824808 |
Filed: |
March 20, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04G 23/0266 20130101;
E04F 17/005 20130101; E04F 11/02 20130101; E04B 1/34 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E04G 23/02 20060101
E04G023/02; E04F 17/00 20060101 E04F017/00; E04F 11/02 20060101
E04F011/02; E04B 1/34 20060101 E04B001/34 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 20, 2019 |
DE |
102019107165.8 |
Claims
1. A method for retrofitting a building with a lift system, the
building containing a plurality of stories (3) which are subdivided
and have story doors (4) which are accessible via a common
staircase (5), the staircase (5) being adjacent to a front side (1)
of the building and, for each story (3), having a main landing (7)
for the story doors (4) and an intermediate landing (8) for a
double-flight of stairs (9), the method comprising: prefabricating
the lift system (26) having a shaft (27), having a cabin (36) which
is movable in a longitudinal direction of the shaft (27), with
guides and drive elements, and a lift platform (35) for bridging a
distance between the cabin (36) and the building for each story
(3), the shaft (27) extending over at least two stories (3) and
comprising a self-supporting sheet metal box made of at least one
steel plate, which is provided for receiving the cabin (36)
together with the guides and the drive elements, said sheet metal
box extends in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of the
shaft (27) while being profiled in a cross-sectional plane
orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the shaft (27), and the
sheet metal box of the shaft (27) having a cross section which
forms a cross-sectional area in the cross-sectional plane within
the sheet metal box, the cross-sectional area containing an area
required by the cabin (36) and the guides and the drive elements
and additionally an area of the lift platform (35), fabricating a
foundation (14) for the lift system (26) in front of the front side
(1) of the building, opening the front side (1) of the building in
a width direction of the staircase (5), removing the intermediate
landings (8) and the double-flight of stairs (9), installing
walkways (24) at a height of the main landings (7), which extend
horizontally from the main landings (7) to the front side (1) of
the building and thereby only partially cover the cross section of
the staircase (5) to provide clear space for a flight of stairs,
installing a single-flight of stairs (22) which connects the
individual walkways (24) to one another and forms a modified
staircase therewith, setting up the lift system (26) on the
foundation (14), aligning the lift system (26) on the foundation
(14) and joining the lift system (26) to the front side (1) of the
building, establishing a connection between the lift platforms (35)
and the walkways (24) on each story (3), and establishing access to
the lift platform (35) of the ground floor from outside the
building.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the installation of
the walkways (24) and the installation of the single-flight of
stairs (22) is carried out by installing a preassembled staircase
module (19) which contains at least the walkways (24) and stair
sections (23) which connect the walkways (24) over one flight, and
a holding structure (25) to which the walkways (24) and the stair
sections (23) are fastened.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the holding structure
(25) is formed of a number of interconnected profiles or tubes,
running in a stairwell or between the walkways (24) and the stair
sections (23) and connecting all of the walkways (24) to one
another.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising before the
installation of the staircase module (19), installing a basement
staircase module (16) having a single-flight stair section (23) and
supports (17) for the staircase module (19).
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, further comprising before the
installation of the staircase module (19), attaching auxiliary
rails (18) for sliding the staircase module (19) into the building,
and sliding the staircase module (19) in using the auxiliary rails
(18) through the open front side (1) of the building.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising sealing
contact points between the lift system (26) and the front side (1)
of the building using at least one of assembly foam or an
elastomeric sealing element.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foundation is
fabricated as a foundation plate (14) from a one-part or multi-part
precast concrete part (13).
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising using
straight stair sections (23) having at least one of a quarter-turn
entrance or exit or having a quarter platform at at least one of
the entrance or exit for the single-flight of stairs (22).
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising using the
shaft (27) for the lift system (26) to establish access to the lift
platform (35) of the ground floor from outside the building, the
sheet metal box of which, in a position in which the lift platform
(35) for the ground floor of the building is located after the lift
system (26) has been attached to the building on a side that is not
a building side of the shaft (27), is provided with a passage
opening for a front door (29), and attaching an outer staircase
(32) to the shaft (27) which connects the passage opening of the
shaft (27) to the ground level (2).
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising, before
the installation of the walkways (24), in each case using a
crossbeam, which is fastened on both sides of the staircase (5) to
the outer walls of the front side (1) of the building, and placing
the respective walkway (24) on the crossbeam.
11. A component kit for performing the method as claimed in claim
1, comprising: the shaft (27) for the lift system and the
preassembled staircase module (19), the staircase module (19)
including a walkway (24) for each story (3) and the stair sections
(23) which connect the walkways (24) over a single flight, and a
holding structure (25) to which the walkways (24) and the stair
sections (23) are fastened, and the shaft (27) extending over at
least two of the stories (3) and comprising the self-supporting
sheet metal box made of the at least one steel plate for receiving
the cabin (36) together with the guides and drive elements, the
sheet metal box extending in a straight line in the longitudinal
direction of the shaft (27), and being profiled in the
cross-sectional plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of
the shaft (27), and the sheet metal box of the shaft (27) having
the cross section forming the cross-sectional area within the sheet
metal box in the cross section plane, the cross-sectional area
containing the area required by the cabin (36) and the guides and
drive elements and additionally the area of the lift platform
(35).
12. The component kit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the holding
structure (25) includes a number of interconnected profiles or
tubes which extend in the stairwell or between the walkways (24)
and the stair sections (23) and connecting all of the walkways (24)
to one another.
13. The component kit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the stair
sections (23) include at least one of quarter-turn entrance or
exits or having a quarter platform at at least one of the entrance
or exit.
14. The component kit as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a
foundation plate (14) made of a one-part or multi-part precast
concrete part (13).
15. The component kit as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a
basement staircase module (16) having a single-flight stair section
(23) and supports (17) for the staircase module (19).
16. The component kit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the shaft
(27) comprises the sheet metal box and the lift platform (35) for
each said story (3).
17. The component kit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the lift
platforms (35) are provided with anchoring devices for anchoring to
elements of the staircase (5) of the building.
18. The component kit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the sheet
metal box is open on a building side of the shaft (27).
19. The component kit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the sheet
metal box is provided with light openings (28) in a wall adjacent
to the lift platforms (35).
Description
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0001] The following documents are incorporated herein by reference
as if fully set forth: German Patent Application No. DE 10 2019 107
165.8, filed Mar. 20, 2019.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates to a method for retrofitting a
building using a lift system having a prefabricated shaft, and a
component kit for performing the method.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The prefabricated shaft extends over at least two stories
and comprises a self-supporting sheet metal box, which is provided
for receiving a cabin of the lift system together with its guides
and drive devices, which may also contain a counterweight. The at
least one steel plate that forms the self-supporting sheet metal
box runs in a straight line in a longitudinal direction of the
shaft, which corresponds to the direction of movement of the cabin,
while it is profiled in a cross-sectional plane that is orthogonal
to the longitudinal direction of the shaft. Such a prefabricated
shaft is known from EP 3 315 448 A2.
[0004] Traditionally, lift shafts consist of a concrete or steel
structure that is erected on site at the construction site. After
the lift shaft has been erected, the assembly of the actual lift
system is generally carried out on site by installing a cabin, its
suspension and drive, and all the components required for
operation. This results in a total construction time of several
weeks. This is particularly disadvantageous when the lift system is
used to retrofit an existing and used building; that is because
access to the building is difficult during the construction
phase.
[0005] A solution to this problem has already been disclosed in BE
568 738. It was proposed therein to manufacture the shaft of the
lift system from a plurality of thin-walled steel plates which abut
one another at the corners of the generally rectangular shaft and
are connected to one another and stabilized there by means of
profiles, angle irons and the like. This made it possible to
prefabricate the shaft as a sheet metal box and even to install the
cabin, its guides and drive devices in the shaft in the factory and
only then to transport it to the construction site. The assembly
time of the lift system could be greatly reduced due to the high
degree of prefabrication.
[0006] In order to improve the stability of a lift system having
such a prefabricated shaft, EP 3 315 448 A2, already mentioned,
proposes to fabricate the sheet metal box with which the shaft is
manufactured from at least one steel plate which runs in a straight
line in the longitudinal direction of the shaft, while being
profiled in the cross-sectional plane; the at least one steel plate
is preferably formed in one piece in the longitudinal direction
over the entire extent of the shaft. This self-supporting and
stable design of the sheet metal box makes it possible, on the one
hand, to transport the prefabricated shaft from the factory to the
construction site by means of a lorry; on the other hand, due to
its inherent stability, the lift system manufactured with the
self-supporting sheet metal box can be placed on an existing
building without being supported on the building, so that the
statics of the building remain unaffected and there is no need to
recalculate said statistics.
[0007] Lift systems for attaching to a building or for retrofitting
a building are generally used in older buildings, in which no
barrier-free access has yet been considered. In particular,
residential buildings having a plurality of residential units,
which are distributed over several stories, but also administrative
buildings and commercial buildings, often have a plurality of
stories, which are in particular divided into a plurality of
residential units or other closed units and have corresponding
story doors. These story doors are usually accessible via a common
staircase. A common construction of such multi-story houses
integrates the staircase at the front side of the building with an
entrance door at ground level and a double-flight of stairs that
allows access to all story doors via main landings on each story
and intermediate landings. These are located on the main landings
in this construction.
[0008] It is obvious that people with disabilities in such
buildings have little chance of getting to the story doors on their
own. Even heavy objects usually have to be transported via the
staircase and can therefore often not be made easier with the
appropriate aids. It is therefore often desirable to retrofit such
a multi-story building using a lift system. One of the lift systems
described above having a prefabricated shaft is offered for this
purpose.
[0009] A lift system for attaching to a building from the outside
or a method for retrofitting a building with such a lift system is
known from DE 196 33 636 A1. From this prior art, it can be seen
that retrofitting the building in this way only partially solves
the problem of unhindered access for people with walking
difficulties. Due to the fact that when the retrofitted lift system
is placed on the front side of the building in front of the
staircase and the transitions between the shaft and the
corresponding building openings in the front side of the building
are made, a person who emerges from the lift cabin on the desired
story can only reach an intermediate landing of the staircase, so
they would still have to climb half a story up or down by means of
a stair section of the double-flight of stairs in order to access
the story doors.
[0010] If a corresponding building is to be modernized to be
largely barrier-free by retrofitting a lift system, it has
therefore not hitherto been the means of choice to use a
prefabricated lift system or a prefabricated shaft of the type
mentioned at the beginning. Instead, the staircase needs to be
gutted and completely rebuilt using a lift system. Since access to
the story doors is generally not possible during the corresponding
construction period, one usually refrains from retrofitting a
corresponding building using a lift system, at least from the point
of view of the greatest possible accessibility.
SUMMARY
[0011] The present invention is therefore based on the object of
providing a method for retrofitting a building using a lift system
and a component kit for performing this method, with which a
building having a plurality of stories and a staircase adjacent to
a front side of the building and, per story, has a main landing and
an intermediate landing for a double-flight of stairs, can be
retrofitted at least largely barrier-free with a lift system.
[0012] This object is achieved by a method and a component kit
having one or more features of the invention.
[0013] Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the
invention and preferred developments of the component kit according
to the invention are described below ad in the claims.
[0014] The prefabricated shaft used according to the invention for
a lift system to be attached to a building from the outside enables
a building to be retrofitted using a lift system largely
barrier-free even if the building is accessed via a staircase
having intermediate landings. For this purpose, the shaft extends
over at least two stories and comprises a self-supporting sheet
metal box made of at least one steel plate, which is provided for
receiving a cabin of the lift system together with its guides and
drive devices, that is, also a counterweight if necessary. The at
least one steel plate runs in a straight line in a longitudinal
direction of the shaft, which corresponds to the direction of
movement of the cabin, while it is profiled in a cross-sectional
plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the shaft. The at
least one steel plate preferably extends in one piece in the
longitudinal direction of the shaft over the entire extent thereof,
while two or more steel plates are joined to one another in the
circumferential direction, as is known per se. According to the
invention, the sheet metal box of the shaft has a cross section
that goes beyond the mere enclosure of the cabin and the other
components: the sheet metal box is profiled in such a way that a
cross-sectional area is created in the cross-sectional plane within
the sheet metal box, which cross-sectional area essentially
contains the area required by the cabin and its guides and drive
devices, and in addition the area of a lift platform to bridge a
distance between the cabin and the building. Preferably, the
prefabricated shaft is fabricated with one lift platform per
story.
[0015] Such a prefabricated shaft, placed in front of the front
side of the building, can cover the entire width of the staircase,
so that it can be opened completely to the front side of the
building when the building is retrofitted using the lift system.
Since there is space within the prefabricated shaft for a lift
platform that a person steps on after leaving the cabin, the cabin
can be arranged at a certain distance, namely the width of the lift
platform, in front of the front side of the building, which
advantageously enlarges freedom of design inside the staircase.
[0016] For buildings that have a staircase having intermediate
landings and the ground floor of which is half a story above ground
level, it is essential to provide external access to the ground
floor level after the intermediate landings have been removed
without having to use the lift system. This is made possible by the
concept of an additional lift platform to bridge a distance between
the cabin and the building. Such external access can be created by
opening access to the lift platform via an outer staircase in
addition to the cabin. Without a lift platform, external access
through a sheet metal box covering the entire width of the
staircase on the front side of the building would only be possible
if an appropriate additional platform were installed inside the
staircase. However, the installation space is usually not
sufficient for this. The lift platform and the correspondingly
designed cross section of the sheet metal box rather increase the
area of the staircase. This is also the case when the building to
which the lift system is to be attached does not contain a
staircase having intermediate landings, so that the prefabricated
shaft used according to the invention offers advantages even
then.
[0017] Using the lift platform provided according to the invention,
the traffic area in front of the lift system in the staircase is
expanded at the same level; thus, with the concept according to the
invention, the requirements for complete barrier-free access,
which, in addition to level access, also require maneuvering areas
of typically 1.5 m.times.1.5 m in front of a lift door, can be met
without any problems.
[0018] Since the prefabricated shaft according to the invention is
intended to retrofit a building using a lift system and thereby to
cover the entire area of the staircase at the front side of the
building, it is preferred when the sheet metal box is provided with
light openings in a wall adjacent to the lift platforms. To
increase the degree of prefabrication, these light openings can
already be equipped with windows when the prefabricated shaft is
transported to the construction site.
[0019] When the prefabricated shaft is provided with lift
platforms, these preferably have anchoring devices for anchoring to
elements of the staircase, wherein these anchoring devices
preferably produce a floating anchor between the lift platform and
a continuing platform or walkway inside the staircase.
[0020] The sheet metal box of the prefabricated shaft is preferably
essentially open on the side which, in the assembled state, faces
the front side of the building. In this way, the sheet metal box
enlarges the enclosed space of the staircase, and in particular the
lift platforms become part of the staircase. In the area in which
the cabin moves within the sheet metal box, this building side of
the shaft can be provided with cross struts and sheathings, so that
only one passage opening for entering and exiting the cabin remains
free.
[0021] The sheet metal box of the prefabricated shaft preferably
has a passage opening on one side that is not the building side,
which passage opening is located in a position in which the lift
platform for the ground floor of the building is located after the
lift system has been attached to a building. This passage opening
thus forms the front door to be made accessible via an outer
staircase, through which one can get into the building or the
staircase bypassing the lift system. In addition, there are
advantages when a further passage opening is added on the ground
level on one side of the sheet metal box, which side is not the
building side of the shaft, and through which the cabin inside the
shaft is accessible from the outside at ground level. This ensures
barrier-free access to the lift system, even when a building is
retrofitted using the prefabricated shaft according to the
invention, the ground floor of which is half a story above the
ground level.
[0022] The sheet metal box of the prefabricated shaft preferably
has a bottom surface which is provided with fastening elements for
fastening the shaft to a foundation, wherein the fastening elements
advantageously have adjustment devices in order to be able to align
the shaft vertically on the foundation.
[0023] For buildings whose entrance and staircase are arranged on
the front, the prefabricated shaft must be set up on this front
side. However, the supply lines for fresh water, waste water,
electricity and information technology usually run there at a depth
of typically 1.20 m below ground level. A conventional
prefabricated shaft is provided with an underpass below the lowest
station of the cabin, in particular to provide sufficient movement
path for a counterweight of the cabin. Since the lowest station
approached by the cabin should be on ground level for extensive
accessibility, a correspondingly deep excavation is necessary for
the foundation of the lift system to make room for this underpass.
For this, however, the supply lines would have to be laid, which is
associated with corresponding effort and a period in which the
building cannot be used. It is therefore preferred in the context
of the present invention when the sheet metal box has a shortened
underpass and is extended upwards in accordance with this
shortening. This enables the foundation for the lift system to be
made to a depth that is still above the supply line. This depth is
typically between 0.8 m and 1.0 m.
[0024] The lift system used according to the invention for
attaching to a building from the outside comprises a prefabricated
shaft described above, a cabin which can be moved in the
longitudinal direction of the shaft, its guides and drive devices
and a lift platform for each story. In order to increase the degree
of prefabrication, the lift system preferably also already
comprises all doors and windows and a seal for joining the shaft to
the front side of the building. Due to the inherent stability of
the sheet metal box used for the prefabricated shaft, the lift
system according to the invention can be transported in the
prefabricated state to the construction site by a lorry and set up
there.
[0025] The method according to the invention for retrofitting a
building using a lift system according to the invention is provided
for a building that contains a plurality of stories, which are in
particular subdivided and have story doors which are accessible via
a common staircase. The staircase is adjacent to the front side of
the building and has, per story, a main landing for the story doors
and an intermediate landing for a double-flight of stairs.
[0026] According to the method according to the invention, the lift
system is first prefabricated in the factory. A foundation for the
lift system is fabricated in front of the front side of the
building. Regardless of the time, the front side of the building is
opened in the width of the staircase, the intermediate landings and
the double-flight of stairs are removed, walkways are installed at
the height of the main landings, which extend horizontally from the
main landings to the front side of the building and thereby cover
the cross section of the staircase only partially, in particular
half, to leave clear space for a flight of stairs, and a
single-flight of stairs that connects the individual walkways to
one another and together forms a modified staircase therewith is
installed. Afterwards, the prefabricated lift system, after being
transported from the factory to the construction site, is set up on
the foundation, aligned thereto and thereby joined to the front
side of the building. A connection is made between the lift
platforms and the walkways of each story, which is preferably
designed to be floating in order to enable a slight relative
movement between the lift system and the building. Finally, access
to the lift platform of the ground floor is made from outside the
building, preferably by attaching a front door to the sheet metal
box of the lift shaft and fastening an outer staircase in order to
be able to get from the ground level to the front door.
[0027] Using the method according to the invention, it is possible
for the first time to retrofit an existing and used building within
a few working days, typically three to four days, with a lift
system, largely barrier-free, and then to free up the building
again completely for unrestricted use. Due to the high degree of
prefabrication of the lift system, the operational safety tests and
approvals are limited to an acceptance test of the installed lift
system on site, which can typically be done within a day.
[0028] According to a preferred embodiment of the method according
to the invention, the contact points between the lift system and
the front side of the building are sealed, in particular using
assembly foam and/or an elastomeric sealing element. This can be,
for example, a U-profile or a hose that is filled with fire
protection foam.
[0029] To fabricate the foundation for the lift system in front of
the front side of the building, an excavation for a shallow
foundation is preferably made, in particular with a case bottom of
approx. 0.8 m to 1.0 m depth, so as not to impair any supply lines
that are typically laid at a depth of approx. 1.2 m.
[0030] The foundation itself is preferably prepared as a foundation
plate from a one-part or multi-part precast concrete part. This has
the advantage that the foundation plate does not have to be
concreted on site, but can be delivered in a completed state by
lorry. For this purpose, the foundation plate can be formed in
several parts, wherein each precast concrete part that is to become
part of the foundation plate has dimensions and a weight with which
transport on a normal lorry is possible.
[0031] The foundation plate is preferably made from two precast
concrete parts which are initially not connected to one another.
Only after the lift system has been set up on the foundation are
the two precast concrete parts indirectly fastened to one another,
in that the shaft of the lift system is partly fixed to the first
and partly to the second precast concrete part.
[0032] For the single-flight of stairs that connects the individual
walkways to one another and forms a modified staircase therewith,
straight stair sections having a quarter-turn entrance and exit, or
having a quarter platform at the entrance and exit, are preferably
used. This shape of the stair sections makes the intermediate
landings superfluous; the main landings are also preferably not
part of the flight of stairs, rather only the walkways connect the
individual stair sections on the way up or down. This can be very
advantageous, in particular with regard to complete barrier-free
access to the staircase, because the main landings are preserved as
mere maneuvering areas.
[0033] In an alternative embodiment, straight stair sections having
only a quarter-turn entrance or exit can be used, wherein the stair
sections, depending on the orientation of their slope, begin or end
on the main landing or use the main landing as a quarter platform
of the flight of stairs.
[0034] According to the invention, two alternatives are provided
for installing the walkways and the single-flight of stairs to
replace the removed intermediate landings and the double-flight of
stairs:
[0035] According to a first alternative, a crossbeam is used before
installing the walkways, which crossbeam is fastened on both sides
of the staircase to the outer walls of the front side of the
building, and on which the respective walkway is placed. Here, the
removal of the intermediate landings and the double-flight of
stairs and the installation of the walkways and the single-flight
of stairs are carried out in successive partial sections from top
to bottom, for example, using a lifting platform.
[0036] According to a second alternative, the walkways and the
single-flight of stairs are installed by installing a preassembled
staircase module. The procedure is therefore not successive, but
rather the staircase is first gutted by removing the intermediate
landings and the double-flight of stairs in order to be able to use
the staircase module in one piece. The staircase module in this
case contains at least the walkways and the stair sections which
connect the walkways over a single-flight and preferably have a
quarter-turn entrance and/or exit. In addition, the staircase
module contains, as an essential element, a holding structure to
which the walkways and the stair sections are fastened and which
preferably consists essentially of a number of interconnected
profiles or tubes which run in the stairwell and connect all
walkways to one another.
[0037] To simplify the installation of the staircase module, a
separate basement staircase module is preferably used, which
comprises a single-flight stair section and support for the
staircase module, and which is installed before the staircase
module is installed by inserting it into the gutted staircase and
is set up there on the basement floor.
[0038] The installation of the staircase module is particularly
easy when, in addition, auxiliary rails for sliding in the
staircase module into the building are installed on the ground
level and the staircase module can be slid in through the open
front side of the building by means of the auxiliary rails. The
foundation for the lift system is expediently covered before the
auxiliary rails are attached, in order to avoid any damage to the
foundation. After the staircase module has been slid in, the
auxiliary rails can be removed or cut to length, and the staircase
module essentially rests on the supports of the basement staircase
module. In addition, the walkways of the staircase module can be
connected to building walls and/or the main landings. Such a
staircase module in turn increases the degree of prefabrication
when retrofitting a building using a lift system, whereby the
construction time for the retrofitting is shortened again.
[0039] Finally, the present invention also comprises a component
kit for performing the method according to the invention, wherein
this component kit comprises at least one prefabricated shaft
according to the invention and a preassembled staircase module,
wherein the staircase module consists of one walkway for each story
and of stair sections which connect the walkways over a single
flight, and a holding structure to which at least the walkways and
preferably also the stair sections are fastened.
[0040] The holding structure of the preassembled staircase module
preferably consists essentially of a number of interconnected
profiles or tubes which run in the stairwell and connect all the
walkways to one another.
[0041] The stair sections of the preassembled staircase module are
preferably designed as stair sections having a quarter-turn
entrance and/or exit or having a quarter platform at the entrance
and/or exit.
[0042] The component kit according to the invention can also
comprise a foundation plate made of a one-part or multi-part
precast concrete part, and a separate basement staircase module
having a single-flight stair section and supports for the staircase
module.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] An embodiment of a lift system designed according to the
invention and an embodiment for performing a method according to
the invention are described and explained in more detail with
reference to the accompanying drawings. Shown are:
[0044] FIGS. 1 to 20 different phases in the performance of an
embodiment for a method according to the invention, in a schematic
representation;
[0045] FIG. 21 a lateral cross section through a staircase of a
building from FIGS. 1 to 20, using a retrofitted lift system;
[0046] FIGS. 22A-22C three sections with views of the staircase
from FIG. 21 from above, namely through the basement, through the
ground floor and through an upper story;
[0047] FIG. 23 a cross section through the lower half of the
staircase, according to another embodiment;
[0048] FIG. 24 a part of a lateral cross section as in FIG. 21, but
according to another embodiment; and
[0049] FIG. 25 a section having a view from above as in FIG. 22C,
but according to the embodiment from FIG. 24.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0050] The method shown schematically illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 20
in selected method steps and designed according to the invention is
an example of the retrofitting according to the invention of a used
residential building using a lift system according to the
invention, which can be carried out on site within three working
days.
[0051] FIG. 1 shows schematically a front side 1 of a four-story
building, the ground floor of which is half a story height above
ground level 2. A total of eight flats are accommodated in the four
stories 3 above ground level 2, which flats are accessible via
story doors 4. These make the flats accessible via a central
staircase 5, which is adjacent to the front side 1 of the building
and can be entered from the outside via a front entrance 6.
[0052] FIG. 2 shows the staircase 5 in greater detail. It is thus
clear that the staircase 5 contains, in addition to eight story
doors 4 for each story, a main landing 7, which is associated with
the story doors 4, and an intermediate landing 8 for two flights of
stairs 9. It is also clear here that the front entrance 6, which is
located on ground level 2, leads to an intermediate landing for the
double-flight of stairs 9, so that access to the ground floor can
only be reached via a stair section of the double-flight of
stairs.
[0053] FIG. 3 symbolizes the pick-up of residents who move to a
hotel for the three-day construction work.
[0054] FIG. 4 shows that the construction work begins with an
excavation 10 for a shallow foundation of the lift system (not yet
illustrated here) and in parallel with a cut 11 for opening the
front side 1 of the building in the width of the staircase 5.
[0055] In order to protect any supply lines of the building for
fresh water, waste water, electricity and/or data traffic against
excessive loads, as shown in FIG. 5, a specific cover 12 can be
attached in the excavation 10. The excavation 10 is typically 0.8 m
to 1.0 m deep, so that the supply lines can remain in place.
[0056] FIG. 6 symbolizes the delivery and insertion of a first
precast concrete part 13 as part of a foundation plate 14 into the
excavation 10, while the opening of the front side 1 of the
building proceeds.
[0057] In FIG. 7, a second precast concrete part 13' has been
delivered and inserted into the excavation 10, so that the
foundation plate 14 has already been completed.
[0058] As FIG. 8 shows, the foundation plate 14 is then protected
by placing a foundation cover 15 for the further construction
work.
[0059] FIG. 9 illustrates schematically that after opening the
front side 1 of the building, the double-flight of stairs 9 and the
intermediate landings 8 are removed from the staircase 5. The main
landings 7, however, remain in place.
[0060] As FIG. 10 shows, a basement staircase module 16 is then
introduced into the staircase 5 and placed on the floor of the
basement. This basement staircase module 16 essentially consists of
a stair section 23 and a support 17 for setting up a staircase
module (not yet illustrated here).
[0061] FIG. 11 illustrates how three auxiliary rails 18 are
introduced into the staircase 5 on ground level 2, namely one
auxiliary rail 18 each on the side walls of the staircase 5 and a
third auxiliary rail 18 on the support 17 of the basement staircase
module 16. The auxiliary rails 18 run over the foundation cover 15
here.
[0062] As shown in FIGS. 12, 13 and 14, a staircase module 19,
which was prefabricated in the factory and can be delivered using a
lorry 20 due to a corresponding inherent stability, is then lifted
from the lorry 20 by a crane lorry 21, placed on the auxiliary
rails 18 and slid into the staircase 5 along the auxiliary rails
18. The staircase module 19 here consists of a single-flight of
stairs 22 having individual stair sections 23, each of which has a
quarter-turn entrance and exit, in order to connect a walkway 24
for each story to the walkway 24' located below or above it. In
particular, FIG. 15 illustrates here that the quarter-turn stair
sections 23 continue to maintain the main landings 7 with regard to
desirable barrier-free accessibility as maneuvering areas; the same
applies to the lift platforms 35 (not shown here) (see FIGS. 21 to
23).
[0063] The staircase module 19 obtains the necessary inherent
stability through a holding structure 25 which is arranged in the
stairwell and comprises a plurality of vertically running steel
tubes which connect the individual walkways 24, 24' to one another
and finally transfer the load onto the support 17 of the basement
staircase module 16.
[0064] After making connections between the walkways 24 and the
main landings 7, and optionally after additional securing of the
walkways 24 and/or the stair sections 23 on the side walls of the
staircase 5, the foundation cover 15 is removed again and the
auxiliary rails are scaled back by cutting to length. FIG. 15 shows
this state.
[0065] The construction site is thus prepared for the delivery of a
lift system 26 designed according to the invention, which in turn
is delivered using a lorry 20 and is lifted and set up by a crane
lorry 21, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. The lift system 26 here
consists of a prefabricated shaft 27 designed according to the
invention, in which a (not visible here) cabin is installed
together with its guides and drive devices and other devices
necessary for operation. The shaft 27 also comprises lift platforms
(not visible here) for each story and a number of light openings 28
with windows, a front door 29 and a ground-level passage opening 30
positioned on ground level 2 for operating the cabin guided in the
shaft 27.
[0066] As FIG. 17 shows, the lift system 26 is set up on the
foundation plate 14 and then aligned and fixed. At the same time,
the contact surfaces between the shaft 27 and the front side 1 of
the building are sealed with fire protection foam. As can be seen
from FIG. 17, the shaft 27 covers the entire width of the staircase
5, so that the front side 1 of the building is closed again after
the lift system 26 has been set up.
[0067] In order to create an escape route or access to the
staircase 5 and to the individual story doors 4 bypassing the lift,
the front door 29, which is now located at the level of the ground
floor, since it leads to the ground floor lift platform, from where
the ground floor walkway 24 and the ground floor main landing 7 can
be reached, is equipped with an outer platform 31 and an outer
staircase 32.
[0068] After removal of the lift system 26 and attachment of
handrails 33 and a canopy 34, as shown in FIG. 19, the retrofitting
of the building with the lift system 26 is completed and, as shown
in FIG. 20, the residents can move into their flats again.
[0069] FIG. 21 illustrates the result of an embodiment of a method
according to the invention in a lateral sectional illustration
through the staircase 5. The associated FIGS. 22A-22C show
sectional views from above through the basement (FIG. 22A), through
the ground floor (FIG. 22B) and through one of the upper stories
(FIG. 22C), which in particular illustrates the construction
according to the invention of the lift system 26 or the
prefabricated shaft 27.
[0070] As FIG. 21 shows, the staircase 5 consists of four
above-ground stories, a ground floor and three upper stories, and a
basement. The story doors 4 each open onto a main landing 7 which
has remained in its original state. The front side 1 of the
building has been opened, and the main landings 7 have been
connected at the same level to lift platforms 35 by means of
inserted walkways 24 fastened to the staircase side walls, which
were joined together with the prefabricated shaft 27 to the front
side 1 of the building. The shaft 27 stands here on a foundation
plate 14, which was previously inserted in front of the front side
1 of the building in a corresponding excavation 10.
[0071] At ground level 2, an outwardly oriented passage opening 30
can be reached in the shaft 27, through which a cabin (not
illustrated here) that is movable within the shaft 27 in the
longitudinal direction is accessible. Alternatively, access to the
staircase 5 via the outer staircase 32 and the front door 29 to the
ground floor lift platform 35 is ensured, from where the
single-flight of stairs 22 with the walkways 24 can be reached
without having to use the lift system 26.
[0072] As FIG. 21 illustrates, each level of each main landing 7 or
each story door 4 can be reached directly via the lift system 26,
and each story door 4 can be reached by the lift system 26 at the
same level via the lift platform 35, the walkway 24 and the main
landing 7 without any barriers.
[0073] The stair sections 23 having quarter-turn entrance and exit
prevent the main landings 7 and the lift platforms 35 from having
to be part of the single-flight of stairs 22. Rather, they can be
used as mere traffic and maneuvering areas in the sense of complete
accessibility. Appropriate handrails ensure the necessary traffic
safety.
[0074] The central function of the lift platform 35 is illustrated
using FIG. 22, in particular FIG. 22B. This is the only way to
ensure an escape route or access to the staircase 5 without having
to use the lift system 26. Due to the fact that since the ground
floor, which is half a story above ground level 2, can only be
reached at the same level from the front side 1 of the building via
a walkway 24, an outer staircase 32 must be provided, via which one
can get from ground level 2 to walkway 24. If the cabin 36 of the
lift system 26 were not spaced apart from the front side 1 of the
building, as is the case here, but rather opened directly towards
the walkway 24, it would not be possible to access the walkway 24
via the outer staircase 32. At the same time, the lift platform 35
increases the area of the staircase 5 since the shaft 27 with its
lift platform 35 covers the entire width of the staircase 5 and
thereby closes the front side 1 of the building again.
[0075] FIG. 22A moreover again illustrates that the foundation
plate 24 is composed of two precast concrete parts 13, which are
indirectly connected to one another by fastening each precast
concrete part 13, 13' to the lift system 26. The stair section 36,
which leads from the basement to the ground floor, has a
quarter-turn entrance, but a straight exit, since it is part of the
basement staircase module 16, which ultimately forms a support 17
for the staircase module 19.
[0076] The design of the modified staircase having a single-flight
of stairs 22, which, as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to
20, is formed by a prefabricated staircase module 19 and a basement
staircase module 16, is illustrated again in more detail in a
partial sectional lateral view in FIG. 23. It can also be seen here
that the stair sections 23, like the holding structure 25 of the
staircase module 19, are prefabricated from steel profiles.
[0077] FIG. 24 is a lateral sectional view through the staircase 5
according to another embodiment in comparison to the embodiment
illustrated in FIG. 21. Here again, a prefabricated staircase
module was used, which differs from the embodiment according to
FIG. 21 in that the individual stair sections 23 are straight, that
is, they do not have any quarter-turned entrances and exits.
[0078] Using this construction, the main landings 7 and the lift
platforms 35 are also used as part of the single-flight of stairs
22, as can be clearly seen from FIG. 25, a section with a view of
the staircase from FIG. 24 from above, namely through an upper
story. As can be seen from this figure, it is a relatively wide
staircase, so that the shaft 27 having the cabin 36 can be joined
asymmetrically to the staircase 5 and the lift platform 35 in such
a way that the traffic space in front of the cabin 36, which is
necessary for accessibility or accessibility design, does not
coincide with that area of the lift platform 35, on which the
straight stair section 23 is joined and which would therefore have
to be regarded as part of the single-flight of stairs 22.
[0079] If the staircase has a sufficient width for an embodiment
according to FIGS. 24 and 25, it can be advantageous for cost
reasons to form the single-flight of stairs 22 from straight-line
stair sections 23.
* * * * *