U.S. patent application number 16/612201 was filed with the patent office on 2020-09-24 for use of lubricating compositions to improve the cleanliness of a 4-stroke vehicle engine.
The applicant listed for this patent is TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES. Invention is credited to Nicolas CHAMPAGNE.
Application Number | 20200299603 16/612201 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004943167 |
Filed Date | 2020-09-24 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200299603 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
CHAMPAGNE; Nicolas |
September 24, 2020 |
USE OF LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS TO IMPROVE THE CLEANLINESS OF A
4-STROKE VEHICLE ENGINE
Abstract
The invention relates to the use of an alcohol of formula R--OH
(I), in which R is a linear or branched saturated alkyl group with
10 to 36 carbon atoms, in a lubricant composition to improve the
cleanliness of a 4-stroke vehicle engine.
Inventors: |
CHAMPAGNE; Nicolas;
(CALUIRE, FR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES |
PUTEAUX |
|
FR |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004943167 |
Appl. No.: |
16/612201 |
Filed: |
May 15, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
May 15, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2018/062553 |
371 Date: |
November 8, 2019 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10N 2030/04 20130101;
C10M 2207/021 20130101; C10N 2040/252 20200501; C10N 2040/255
20200501; C10M 129/06 20130101; C10M 169/04 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C10M 129/06 20060101
C10M129/06; C10M 169/04 20060101 C10M169/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
May 15, 2017 |
FR |
1754249 |
Claims
1. A method for improving the cleanliness of a 4-stroke vehicle
engine comprising the lubrication of the engine with a lubricant
composition comprising an alcohol of formula (I) R--OH (I) where R
is a saturated, linear or branched alkyl group having 10 to 36
carbon atoms, in a lubricant composition to improve the cleanliness
of a 4-stroke vehicle engine.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol is selected
from among the compounds of formula (I) where R is a saturated,
linear or branched alkyl group having 12 to 36 carbon atoms.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol is selected
from among the compounds of formula (Ia)
R.sup.1--C(R.sup.2)(H)--CH.sub.2--OH (Ia) where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2
are saturated, linear or branched alkyls selected so that the
compound of formula (Ia) comprises 10 to 36 carbon atoms,
preferably 12 to 36 carbon atoms.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant
composition comprises at least one base oil.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant
composition comprises from 0.1 to 10 weight %, preferably 0.1 to 4
weight %, more preferably 0.2 to 3 weight %, advantageously 0.3 to
2.5 weight % of alcohol relative to the total weight of the
lubricant composition.
6. (canceled)
Description
[0001] The invention concerns the use of a lubricant composition to
improve the cleanliness of a 4-stroke vehicle engine. More
particularly, the invention concerns the use of an alcohol in a
lubricant composition to improve the cleanliness of a 4-stroke
vehicle engine.
[0002] Developments in engines and in the performance of engine
lubricant compositions are inextricably linked. The more engine
design becomes complex the higher the yield and optimisation of
consumption, and the greater the demand placed on engine lubricant
compositions for which performance must be improved.
[0003] Very high compression inside engines, higher piston
temperatures in particular in the piston top segment, modern
maintenance-free valve controls with hydraulic plungers, and very
high temperatures in the engine space constantly place increasing
demand on lubricants for modern engines.
[0004] The conditions of use of gasoline engines and diesel engines
include both extremely short trips and long distances. The journeys
travelled by 80% of motor vehicles in Western Europe cover less
than 12 kilometres, whereas vehicles clock up annual distances of
up to 300 000 km.
[0005] Oil change intervals are also most variable, being 5 000 km
for some small diesel engines and may extend up to 100 000 km for
diesel engines of modern commercial vehicles.
[0006] Lubricant compositions, and in particular lubricant
compositions for motor vehicle engines, must therefore have
improved properties and performance levels.
[0007] In addition, 4-stroke vehicle engines require high cold
start properties.
[0008] One problem encountered when using known lubricant
compositions concerns the degradation and coking of the oils or
additives used. These degradation and coking phenomena may lead to
clogging of the lubricated parts, in particular inside a vehicle
engine.
[0009] It is therefore necessary to provide lubricant compositions
allowing improved engine cleanliness in a 4-stroke vehicle engine.
The improvement of engine cleanliness generally comprises reduced
formation of deposits, in particular the formation of deposits at
high temperatures such as varnish, paint, carbon or coke deposits.
Such deposits may form on hot surfaces of engine parts such as the
bottom of piston grooves, turbocharger shafts or air compressors.
The substances contained in lubricant compositions may oxidize in
contact with hot engine surfaces and generate the formation of
insoluble products forming deposits.
[0010] These deposits may foul the engine and cause problems of
wear, seizure, sticking of segments and problems related to
turbocharger rotation for example. In general, additives of
detergent type are used to improve the cleanliness of a 4-stroke
vehicle engine.
[0011] Lubricant compositions are known from WO2015/179280 which
comprise unsaturated fatty alcohols. However, this type of fatty
alcohol solidifies at temperatures in the region of 10.degree. C.
and therefore does not allow satisfactory cold start properties to
be obtained.
[0012] There is therefore a need for lubricant compositions
providing good cold start properties.
[0013] These problems of fouling also concern the engines of hybrid
or micro-hybrid vehicles equipped with the "Stop and Start"
system.
[0014] In vehicle engines and in particular 4-stroke engines,
deposits (engine fouling) are due to ageing of the lubricant. On
the contrary, in 2-stroke marine engines, deposits are due to
combustion of the mixture of lubricant and fuel on account of the
specificity of 2-stroke marine engine operation (the term
expendable lubrication system is used).
[0015] It is therefore necessary for vehicle engines, in particular
motor vehicle and particularly 4-stroke engines to provide
lubricant compositions able to withstand and especially undergo the
least possible chemical degradation when an engine is in use, to
limit ageing of the lubricant composition and hence limiting of
deposits. This does not prove to be necessary for marine engines
since the lubricant will always undergo combustion in the mixture
with fuel.
[0016] It is therefore one objective of the present invention to
provide compounds and a lubricant composition comprising these
compounds to overcome all or some of the aforementioned
shortcomings.
[0017] A further objective of the present invention is to provide a
lubricant composition allowing the cleanliness of a 4-stroke
vehicle engine to be improved, having a formulation that is easy to
implement.
[0018] A further objective of the invention is to provide a
lubricant composition allowing an improvement in the cleanliness of
a 4-stroke vehicle engine and to reduce the content of detergent
additives or dispersants.
[0019] A further objective of the present invention is to provide a
lubricant composition allowing an improvement in the cleanliness of
a 4-stroke vehicle engine whilst maintaining good cold start
properties.
[0020] The subject of the invention is therefore the use of an
alcohol of formula (I)
R--OH (I)
where R is a saturated, linear or branched alkyl group having 10 to
36 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 36 carbon atoms, more preferably
12 to 24 carbon atoms, further preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms in
a lubricant composition to improve the cleanliness of a 4-stroke
vehicle engine.
[0021] The improved engine cleanliness of the invention is
considered to be an improvement in engine cleanliness compared with
that obtained by a lubricant composition not containing the alcohol
of the invention.
[0022] The applicant has surprisingly found that the presence of at
least one alcohol of formula (I) in a lubricant composition allows
improved cleanliness of a 4-stroke vehicle engine. The applicant
has also found that the presence of at least one alcohol of formula
(I) additionally allows good cold start properties of the lubricant
to be maintained.
[0023] Advantageously, the lubricant compositions of the invention
have good cleanliness improving properties when in use in an
engine, thereby allowing the content of detergent additives to be
reduced in said lubricant compositions.
[0024] Preferably, the alcohol is selected from among compounds of
formula (I) where R is a saturated, branched alkyl group having 10
to 36 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 36 carbon atoms, more
preferably 12 to 24 carbon atoms, further preferably 12 to 18
carbon atoms.
[0025] The inventors have shown that an alcohol having an alkyl
chain with more than 36 carbon atoms is solid. Consequently, on
cold starts the composition is insufficiently fluid and is
therefore unable to fulfil its role. Additionally, the inventors
have shown that an alcohol having an alkyl chain with fewer than 10
carbon atoms is highly volatile. Therefore, when an engine is in
use, the alcohol volatilises and is consequently unable to fulfil
its role. The choice of alcohol is therefore of essential
importance in the invention.
[0026] Preferably, the alcohol of formula (I) is of formula
(Ia)
R.sup.1--C(R.sup.2)(H)--CH.sub.2--OH (Ia)
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are saturated, linear or branched alkyls
selected so that the compound of formula (Ia) comprises 10 to 36
carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 36 carbon atoms, more preferably 12
to 24 carbon atoms, further preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
[0027] The alcohols of the invention are marketed by Ecogreen
Oleochemicals under the trade names Ecorol 12/98.RTM., Ecorol
14/98.RTM. and Ecorol 16/98.RTM., or by Sasol under the trade
Isofol.RTM..
[0028] Advantageously, the alcohols of formula (I) where R is
branched, or the alcohols of formula (Ia) which are branched
alcohols, are liquid at temperatures lower than 0.degree. C. (low
melt point), allowing optimized use of the lubricant compositions
of the invention in 4-stroke vehicle engines. The lubricant
compositions comprising these alcohols have good cold start
properties.
[0029] Preferably, the lubricant composition comprises from 0.1 to
10 weight %, preferably 0.1 to 4 weight %, more preferably 0.2 to 3
weight %, advantageously 0.3 to 2.5 weight % of alcohol relative to
the total weight of the lubricant composition.
[0030] The present invention also concerns a lubricant composition
for 4-stroke vehicle engine, comprising: [0031] at least one base
oil; and [0032] at least one alcohol of formula (I) such as defined
above.
[0033] The present application also concerns the use of a lubricant
composition of the invention to improve the cleanliness of a
4-stroke vehicle engine.
[0034] The invention also concerns a method for improving the
cleanliness of a 4-stroke vehicle engine, said method comprising at
least one step to contact a mechanical part of the machine with a
lubricant composition such as defined above.
[0035] The percentages indicated in the present application
correspond to weight percentages of active substance.
[0036] In general, the lubricant composition used in the invention
may comprise any type of lubricant base oil whether mineral,
synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable, known to persons skilled
in the art.
[0037] The base oils used in the lubricant compositions of the
invention can be oils of mineral or synthetic origin belonging to
Groups 1 to V of the classes defined in the API classification (or
equivalents in the ATIEL classification) (Table A), or mixtures
thereof.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE A Viscosity Saturates Sulfur Index content
content (VI) Group 1 <90% >0.03% 80 .ltoreq. VI < 120
Mineral oils Group II .gtoreq.90% .ltoreq.0.03% 80 .ltoreq. VI <
120 Hydrocracked oils Group III .gtoreq.90% .ltoreq.0.03%
.gtoreq.120 Hydrocracked or hydroisomerized oils Group IV
Polyalphaolefins (PAOs) Group V Esters and other bases not included
in Groups 1 to IV
[0038] The mineral base oils of the invention include all types of
base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude
oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction,
deasphalting, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking,
hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing.
[0039] Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils can also be
employed.
[0040] In general, there is no limit as to the use of different
lubricating bases to produce the lubricant compositions of the
invention, other than that they must have properties particularly
of viscosity, viscosity index, sulfur content and oxidation
resistance that are adapted for use in engines or for vehicle
transmissions.
[0041] The base oils of the lubricant compositions used in the
invention can also be selected from among synthetic oils such as
some esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, and from among
polyalphaolefins. The polyalphaolefins used as base oils are
obtained for example from monomers having 4 to 32 carbon atoms,
e.g. from octene, decene or dodecene, and having a viscosity at
100.degree. C. of between 1.5 and 15 mm.sup.2.s.sup.-1 in
accordance with standard ASTM D445. Their molecular weight average
is generally between 250 and 3 000 in accordance with standard ASTM
D5296.
[0042] Preferably, the base oils of the present invention are
selected from among the above base oils having an aromatic content
of between 0 and 45%, preferably between 0 and 30%.
[0043] The aromatic content of oils is measured using the UV
Burdett method.
[0044] Advantageously, the lubricant composition used in the
invention comprises at least 50 weight % of base oils relative to
the total weight of the composition.
[0045] More advantageously, the lubricant composition used in the
invention comprises at least 60 weight %, even at least 70 weight %
of base oils relative to the total weight of the composition.
[0046] Further advantageously, the lubricant composition used in
the invention comprises from 60 to 99.5 weight % of base oils,
preferably 70 to 99.5 weight % of base oils relative to the total
weight of the composition.
[0047] Numerous additives can be employed for this lubricant
composition used in the invention.
[0048] The preferred additives for the lubricant composition used
in the invention are selected from among friction modifiers,
detergents, anti-wear additives, extreme-pressure additives,
viscosity index improvers, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point
improvers, defoamers, thickeners and mixtures thereof.
[0049] Preferably, the lubricant composition used in the invention
comprises at least one anti-wear additive, at least one
extreme-pressure additive or mixtures thereof.
[0050] Anti-wear additives and extreme-pressure additives protect
rubbing surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these
surfaces.
[0051] There is a wide variety of anti-wear additives. Preferably,
for the lubricant composition of the invention the anti-wear
additives are selected from among phospho-sulfurized additives such
as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc
alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc
dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTPs. The preferred compounds have the
formula Zn((SP(S)(OR.sup.3)(OR.sup.4)).sub.2 where R.sup.3 and
R.sup.4, the same or different, are independently an alkyl group,
preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
[0052] Amine phosphates are also anti-wear additives that can be
used in the lubricant composition of the invention. However, the
phosphorus contributed by these additives may act as poison for
catalytic systems of motor vehicles since these additives generate
ash. These effects can be minimised by partly substituting amine
phosphates by additives that do not contain phosphorus such as
polysulfides for example in particular sulfurized olefins.
[0053] Advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention
may comprise from 0.01 to 6 weight %, preferably 0.05 to 4 weight
%, more preferably 0.1 to 2 weight % of anti-wear and
extreme-pressure additives relative to the total weight of the
lubricant composition.
[0054] Advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention
may comprise at least one friction modifying additive. The friction
modifying additive can be selected from among a compound providing
metal elements and an ash-free compound. Among the compounds
providing metal elements, mention can be made of transition metal
complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the ligands of which may
be hydrocarbon compounds comprising atoms of oxygen, nitrogen,
sulfur or phosphorus. Ash-free friction modifying additives are
generally or organic origin and can be selected from among the
monoesters of fatty acids and polyols, alkoxylated amines,
alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, borate fatty epoxides;
fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters. According to the
invention, the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon
group having 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
[0055] Advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention
may comprise 0.01 to 2 weight %, or 0.01 to 5 weight %, preferably
0.1 to 1.5 weight % or 0.1 to 2 weight % of friction modifying
additive relative to the total weight of the lubricant
composition.
[0056] Advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention
may comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
[0057] An antioxidant additive generally allows delayed degradation
of the lubricant composition in use. This degradation may notably
translate as the formation of deposits, as the presence of sludge
or as an increase in viscosity of the lubricant composition.
[0058] Antioxidant additives particularly act as radical inhibitors
or hydroperoxide decomposers. Among the antioxidant additives
frequently employed, mention can be made of antioxidant additives
of phenolic type, antioxidant additives of amino type,
phosphor-sulfurized antioxidant additives. Some of these
antioxidant additives e.g. phospho-sulfurized antioxidant additives
may generate ash. Phenolic antioxidant additives may be ash-free or
may be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts. Antioxidant
additives can be selected in particular from among sterically
hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically
hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines,
diphenylamines substituted by at least one C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl
group, N,N'-dialkyl-aryl-diamines, and mixtures thereof.
[0059] Preferably, according to the invention, the sterically
hindered phenols are selected from among compounds comprising a
phenol group in which at least one vicinal carbon of the carbon
carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, preferably a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
group, preferably a C.sub.4 alkyl group, preferably by the
tert-butyl group.
[0060] Amine compounds are another class of antioxidant additives
that can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic
antioxidant additives. Examples of amino compounds are the aromatic
amines e.g. the aromatic amines of formula NR.sup.5R.sup.6R.sup.7
where R.sup.5 is an aliphatic group or aromatic group, optionally
substituted, R.sup.6 is an aromatic group, optionally substituted,
R.sup.7 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or group
of formula R.sup.8S(O).sub.zR.sup.9 where R.sup.8 is an alkylene
group or alkenylene group, R.sup.9 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl
group or aryl group and z is 0, 1 or 2.
[0061] Sulfurized alkyl phenols or the alkali or alkaline-earth
metal salts thereof can also be used as antioxidant additives.
[0062] Another class of antioxidant additives is that of copper
compounds e.g. copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper and
carboxylic acid salts, copper dithiocarbamates, sulfonates,
phenates and acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, the salts of
succinic acid or anhydride can also be used.
[0063] The lubricant composition of the invention may contain any
type of antioxidant additives known to persons skilled in the
art.
[0064] Advantageously, the lubricant composition comprises at least
one ash-free antioxidant additive.
[0065] Also advantageously, the lubricant composition of the
invention comprises 0.5 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant
additive relative to the total weight of the composition.
[0066] The lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise
at least one detergent additive.
[0067] Detergent additives generally allow a reduction in the
formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving
secondary oxidation and combustion products.
[0068] The detergent additives that can be used in the lubricant
composition of the invention are generally known to skilled
persons. The detergent additives can be anionic compounds
comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and hydrophilic
head. The associated cation may be a metal cation of an alkali or
alkaline-earth metal.
[0069] The detergent additives are preferably selected from among
the salts of alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals of carboxylic
acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates and phenate salts. The
alkali or alkaline-earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium,
sodium or barium.
[0070] These metal salts generally comprise the metal in
stoichiometric amount or in excess i.e. an amount greater than the
stoichiometric amount. They are then overbased detergent additives;
the excess metal imparting the overbased nature to the detergent
additive is then generally in the form of an oil-insoluble metal
salt e.g. a carbonate, hydroxide, an oxalate, acetate, glutamate,
preferably a carbonate.
[0071] Advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention
may comprise from 0.5 to 4 weight % of detergent additive relative
to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
[0072] Also advantageously, the lubricant composition of the
invention may also comprise at least one pour point depressant
additive.
[0073] By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point
depressants generally improve the behaviour of the lubricant
composition of the invention under cold temperatures.
[0074] As examples of pour point depressant additives, mention can
be made of alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides,
polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated
polystyrenes.
[0075] Advantageously the lubricant composition of the invention
may also comprise at least one dispersant.
[0076] The dispersant can be selected from among Mannich bases,
succinimides and derivatives thereof.
[0077] Also advantageously, the lubricant composition of the
invention may comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersant
relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition
[0078] The lubricant composition of the present invention may also
comprise at least one additive improving the viscosity index. As
examples of viscosity index improvers mention can be made of
polymer esters, homopolymers or copolymers, hydrogenated or
non-hydrogenated, styrene, butadiene and isoprene, polyacrylates,
polymethacrylates (PMAs) or olefin copolymers in particular
ethylene/propylene copolymers.
[0079] The lubricant composition of the invention can be in
different forms. In particular, the lubricant composition of the
invention can be an anhydrous composition.
[0080] Preferably, this lubricant composition is not an
emulsion.
[0081] The above-defined lubricant composition is used to improve
the cleanliness of a 4-stroke vehicle engine.
[0082] The lubricant composition for 4-stroke vehicle is preferably
characterized by a BN lower than 15, preferably lower than 10. BN
is determined in accordance with standard ASTM D-2896.
[0083] Preferably, contrary to lubricants for marine engines which
contain at least 5 weight % of detergent, the lubricants for
vehicle engine generally comprise little detergent.
[0084] By vehicle engine according to the invention it is more
particularly meant vehicle engines such as: [0085] engines of motor
vehicles including gasoline engines and diesel engines, but also
engines powered by gas and gasoline (dual-fuel gas/gasoline
engines), engines powered by gas and diesel (dual-fuel gas/diesel
engines) and engines powered by gasoline and diesel; [0086] heavy
vehicle engines and more specifically gas-operated heavy vehicle
engines, [0087] engines of hybrid or micro-hybrid vehicles equipped
with a Stop and Start" system.
[0088] FIG. 1: Photo of piston underside after engine testing with
a comparative composition (CC1).
[0089] FIG. 2: Photo of piston underside after engine testing with
a composition of the invention (CI8).
[0090] The different aspects of the invention can be illustrated by
the following nonlimiting examples:
EXAMPLE 1
Lubricant Compositions of the Invention
[0091] The different components of the reference lubricant
composition Cref1 were mixed according to the type and amounts
given in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Cref 1 (weight %) Gr III base oil (kinematic
viscosity at 100.degree. C. measured 33.9 as per standard ASTM
D-556 = 4 mm.sup.2/s) Gr III base oil (kinematic viscosity at
100.degree. C. measured 20.6 as per standard ASTM D-556 = 7
mm.sup.2/s) PAO-type base oil (kinematic viscosity at 100.degree.
C. 30.0 measured as per standard ASTM D-556 = 4 mm.sup.2/s)
Viscosity index improver (olefin copolymer) 5.5 Pour point
depressant (polymethacrylate) 0.3 Friction modifier
(organomolybdenum compound) 0.5 Detergent (calcium sulfonate) 0.5
Additive package comprising a dispersant of 8.7 succinimide type,
amine antioxidant, phenolic antioxidant, anti-wear of zinc
dithiophosphate type, detergent of overbased calcium sulfonate
type, detergent of neutral calcium sulfonate type, a silicone
defoamer)
[0092] Lubricant compositions of the invention CI1, CI2, CI3, CI4,
CI5, CI6, CI7 were then prepared as a function of the type and
amounts (weight %) given in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Cref CI1 CI2 CI3 CI4 CI5 CI6 CI7 Cref 100 98
96 94 92 98 96 98 Lauryl 2 4 6 8 alcohol.sup.1 Myristyl 2 4
alcohol.sup.2 Cetyl 2 alcohol.sup.3 .sup.1Ecorol 12/98 .RTM.
marketed by Ecogreen Oleochemicals .sup.2Ecorol 14/98 .RTM.
marketed by Ecogreen Oleochemicals .sup.3Ecorol 16/98 .RTM.
marketed by Ecogreen Oleochemicals
EXAMPLE 2
Evaluation of Improved Engine Cleanliness Properties of the
Lubricant Compositions of the Invention CI1 to CI7, and of the
Reference Lubricant Cref
[0093] This evaluation was performed via PCT method in accordance
with standard GFC LU 029 T97 and allowed simulation of the engine
cleanliness performance of a lubricant composition.
[0094] The results of this evaluation are given in Table 3; the
higher the score, the better the performance of the lubricant
composition in improving cleanliness.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Cref CI1 CI2 CI3 CI4 CI5 CI6 Score 7.4 8 7.9
7.9 7.9 7.8 7.7
[0095] The results show that the use of an alcohol of the invention
in a lubricant composition improves engine cleanliness (lubricant
compositions CI1 to CI6), compared with a reference lubricant
composition not containing an alcohol of the invention (lubricant
composition Cref).
EXAMPLE 3
Evaluation of Improved Engine Cleanliness Properties of a Lubricant
Composition of the Invention CI8 and of a Comparative Lubricant
Composition CC1
[0096] The different components of the lubricant composition of the
invention CI8 and of the comparative lubricant composition CC1 were
mixed as a function of the type and amounts given in Table 4.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 CI8 CC1 Gr III base oil (kinematic viscosity
at 62 64 100.degree. C. measured as per standard ASTM D-556 = 4
mm.sup.2/s) Gr III base oil (kinematic viscosity at 15 15
100.degree. C. measured as per standard ASTM D-556 = 6 mm.sup.2/s)
Viscosity index improver 3.5 3.5 (polymethacrylate) Viscosity index
improver 2 2 (Hydrogenated polyisoprene styrene (HPIS)) Pour point
depressant additive 0.2 0.2 (polymethacrylate) Friction modifier
0.5 0.5 (organomolybdenum compound) Additive package comprising a
14.8 14.8 dispersant of succinimide type, detergent of calcium
sulfonate type, detergent of calcium carbonate type Lauryl alcohol
.sup.4 2 .sup.4 Ecorol .RTM.12/98 marketed by Ecogreen
Oleochemicals
[0097] The engine cleanliness performance of the lubricant
compositions CI8 and CC1 was evaluated with the following
method.
[0098] Each lubricant composition (8 Kg) was evaluated using a
cleanliness test for a vehicle diesel engine with common rail. The
engine capacity was 1.4 L for 4 cylinders. Engine power was 80 kW.
The test cycle length was 96 hours alternating idle speed and a
speed of 4 000 rpm. The temperature of the lubricant composition
was 145.degree. C. and the water temperature of the cooling system
was 100.degree. C. No oil change and no topping-up of lubricant
were performed during the test. EN 590 fuel was used. The test took
place in two phases for a total time of 106 hours with a first
rinsing and run-in phase for 10 hours followed by a second step
with the evaluated composition (4 kg), and finally an endurance
step lasting 96 hours with the evaluated composition (4 kg).
[0099] After this test, the engine parts were analysed and the 4
pistons evaluated in accordance with European standard CEC M02A78.
For each piston the score was recorded and a mean of the total
piston score for the 4 pistons was calculated.
[0100] The results obtained are grouped together in Table 5.
[0101] The regular passing of a reference oil showed that a
difference of 4 points between two candidates is significant.
[0102] The higher the value of the mean score the better the
improved cleanliness of the piston, and hence the better the
performance of the lubricant composition in improving engine
cleanliness.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 Evaluated composition Mean piston score
after testing CI8 68.5 CC1 61.6
[0103] The results confirm those of Example 2 regarding the
improvement in engine cleanliness afforded by a lubricant
composition comprising an alcohol of the invention (lubricant
composition CI8), in comparison with a lubricant composition not
containing an alcohol of the invention (lubricant composition
CC1).
[0104] In addition, it is also shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, after this
test, that the piston undersides are clean i.e. there was no
deposit when composition CI8 was used (FIG. 2), unlike composition
CC1 for which fouling of the piston undersides was observed (FIG.
1).
EXAMPLE 4
Evaluation of Improved Engine Cleanliness Properties of a Lubricant
Composition of the Invention CI9, and of a Comparative Lubricant
Composition CC2
[0105] The different components of the lubricant composition of the
invention CI9 and of the comparative lubricant CC2 were mixed as a
function of the type and amounts given in Table 6.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6 CI9 CC2 Gr III base oil (kinematic viscosity
at 71.1 72.1 100.degree. C. measured as per standard ASTM D-556 = 4
mm.sup.2/s) Gr III base oil (kinematic viscosity at 10.8 10.8
100.degree. C. measured as per standard ASTM D-556 = 8 mm.sup.2/s)
Viscosity index improver 5.7 5.7 (polymethacrylate) Pour point
depressant additive 0.2 0.2 (polymethacrylate) Friction modifier
0.8 0.8 (organomolybdenum compound) Additive package comprising a
10.4 10.4 dispersant of succinimide type, detergent of calcium
sulfonate type, detergent of calcium carbonate type Lauryl
aclcohol.sup.5 1 .sup.51-dodecanol marketed by Sigma Aldrich
[0106] The engine cleanliness performance of lubricant compositions
CI9 and CC2 were evaluated with the Sequence IIIG method in
accordance with standard ASTM D7320 under the following test
conditions:
TABLE-US-00008 Parameters Engine speed 3600 rpm Engine load 250 N-m
Oil temperature of oil filter 150.degree. C. Outgoing temperature
of coolant 115.degree. C. Fuel pressure 377.5 kPa Incoming air
temperature 35.degree. C. Incoming air pressure 0.05 kPa Air
dewpoint temperature 16.1.degree. C. Exhaust counter-pressure 6 kPa
Coolant flow rate 160 L/min Condenser coolant flow rate 10 L/min
Air/fuel ratio 15.0:1 Temperature of condenser coolant 40.degree.
C.
[0107] After this test, the engine parts were analysed and rated in
the manner described in the procedure published in ASTM D7320.
[0108] The results of this test are given in Table 7 for
compositions CI9 and CC2 respectively. The higher the score the
better the performance of the lubricant composition in improving
cleanliness.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 7 CC2 CI9 Mean of total score 4.28 4.76 Final
result
[0109] The results show that the use of an alcohol of the invention
in a lubricant composition allows an improvement in engine
cleanliness (lubricant composition CI9) compared with a reference
composition not containing an alcohol of the invention (lubricant
composition CC2).
EXAMPLE 5
Study on Cold Start Properties
[0110] The compositions in Table 8 were tested for their cold start
properties:
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 8 CC3 CI10 CI11 CI12 Base oil 74.1 73.6 73.1
72.1 Additives 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 Viscosity index 14.3 14.3 14.3
14.3 improver Pour point 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 depressant
2-Butyloctanol.sup.6 0 0.5 1 2 .sup.6ISOFOL C12 .RTM. alcohol of
formula (Ia) in C12.
[0111] The results obtained are given in Table 9.
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 9 Standards CC3 CI10 CI11 CI12 KV40 ISO 3104
93.67 90.92 88.91 85.04 (mm.sup.2 s.sup.-1) KV100 ISO3104 14.18
13.94 13.7 13.26 (mm.sup.2 s.sup.-1) VI ISO2909 156 157 157 157 CCS
at ASTM 5390 5280 5150 4930 -35.degree. C. D5293 (mPa s) MRV (cP)
ASTM 24060 22630 21580 20460 D4684
[0112] Specifically, in the Mini Rotary Viscometer (MRV) test, the
viscosity of the compositions of the invention was lower than in
the comparative composition. This MRV test allows simulation of
engine lubrication conditions on cold starts and in particular the
pumpability of the lubricant on cold starts. The compositions of
the invention therefore have better cold pumpability than
compositions not containing a fatty alcohol.
[0113] Also specifically, in the Cold Cranking Simulator (CCS)
test, the fluidity of the compositions of the invention was lower
than in the comparative composition. This CCS test allows
simulation of engine lubrication conditions on cold starts, and in
particular the fluidity of the lubricant on cold starts allowing
ignition of the engine. The compositions of the invention therefore
have better cold start fluidity than the compositions not
containing a fatty alcohol.
[0114] These results show that the branched alcohols of the
invention afford improved cold start properties of the
lubricant.
* * * * *