U.S. patent application number 16/898579 was filed with the patent office on 2020-09-24 for tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilanes and methods for preparing thereof.
The applicant listed for this patent is Henkel AG & Co. KGaA. Invention is credited to Rok Brisar, Jan-Erik Damke, Johann Klein, Esteban Mejia.
Application Number | 20200299314 16/898579 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004944819 |
Filed Date | 2020-09-24 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200299314 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Damke; Jan-Erik ; et
al. |
September 24, 2020 |
Tertiary Hydroxyl Functional Alkoxysilanes and Methods for
Preparing Thereof
Abstract
Disclosed is a tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane of the
general formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen and a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20
carbon atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are same or different and are,
independent from one another, selected from a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20
carbon atoms; R.sup.4 is selected from a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20
carbon atoms; R.sup.5 is selected from a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20
carbon atoms; R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are same or different and are,
independent from one another, selected from a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20
carbon atoms; and n is 1, 2 or 3, a method for preparing thereof,
and the use of the tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane of the
general formula (I).
Inventors: |
Damke; Jan-Erik;
(Duesseldorf, DE) ; Klein; Johann; (Duesseldorf,
DE) ; Brisar; Rok; (Rostock, DE) ; Mejia;
Esteban; (Rostock, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Henkel AG & Co. KGaA |
Duesseldorf |
|
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004944819 |
Appl. No.: |
16/898579 |
Filed: |
June 11, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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PCT/EP2018/083721 |
Dec 6, 2018 |
|
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16898579 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07F 7/1892 20130101;
C08L 101/02 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C07F 7/18 20060101
C07F007/18; C08L 101/02 20060101 C08L101/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 12, 2017 |
EP |
17206708.4 |
Claims
1. A tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane of the general
formula (I) ##STR00009## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen and a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted, hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are same or different and are, independent from
one another, selected from a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted, hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
R.sup.4 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted, hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
R.sup.5 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted, hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are same or different and are, independent from
one another, selected from a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted, hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
n is 1, 2 or 3.
2. The tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane according to claim
1, wherein R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.8
alkyl residue.
3. The tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane according to claim
1, wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from a
linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-C.sub.20
alkyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.18 aryl residue.
4. The tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane according to claim
1, wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from a
linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, methyl, ethyl, or
n-propyl residue; and n is 3.
5. The tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane according to claim
1, wherein R.sup.4 is selected from a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene.
6. The tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane according to claim
1, wherein R.sup.4 is selected from a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted, methylene, ethylene, 1,3-propylene,
2-methyl-1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, or
3,3-dimethyl-1,4-butylene residue.
7. The tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane according to claim
1, wherein R.sup.5 is selected from a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene.
8. The tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane according to claim
1, wherein R.sup.5 is selected from a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted, methylene, ethylene or 1,3-propylene,
2-methyl-1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, or
3,3-dimethyl-1,4-butylene residue.
9. The tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane according to claim
1, wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently from one another
selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, or C.sub.6-C.sub.18
aryl residue.
10. The tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane according to
claim 1, wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently from one
another selected from a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkenyl
residue.
11. A method for preparing the tertiary hydroxyl functional
alkoxysilane according to claim 1, comprising reacting at least one
di-substituted lactone compound and at least one aminosilane having
at least one primary amino group or secondary amino group.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the di-substituted
lactone compound has the general formula (II) ##STR00010## wherein
R.sup.5 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted, hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are same or different and are, independent from
one another, selected from a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted, hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the aminosilane is an
aminoalkylenealkoxysilane having the general formula (III)
##STR00011## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen and a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted,
hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3 are same or different and are, independent from one
another, selected from a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted, hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
R.sup.4 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted, hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the reaction is
carried out at a temperature in the range of from -50 to
200.degree. C.
15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the reaction is
carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst.
16. A material selected from an adhesion promoter, a urethane
coupling agent, an end-capping agent, a surface treatment agent, a
water scavenger, a fiber treatment agent, a paint additive, and/or
a monomer for a polymer preparation comprising the tertiary
hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane of the general formula (I)
according to claim 1.
17. An end-capping agent for a moisture curable composition
comprising the tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane of the
general formula (I) according to claim 1.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to a stable tertiary hydroxyl
functional alkoxysilane and a method for preparing thereof. The
present invention also relates to the use of the obtained hydroxyl
functional alkoxysilane as an ingredient in adhesives, sealants and
coatings, in construction, industrial applications or in consumer
products.
[0002] One of the common silane agent for moisture-curable
compositions is primary amine-functionalized alkoxysilanes, which
are extremely reactive towards many electrophiles like for example:
isocyanates, aldehydes and anhydrides. This makes them difficult to
handle and store. Furthermore, fast and highly exothermic reactions
impose processing and safety difficulties in the larger scale
production of the prepolymers. High reaction rates also result in a
low reaction selectivity and oligomerization.
[0003] The stability of the --OH group in the presence of
alkoxysilanes is poor as was shown by many authors. Rossmy and
Koerner were one of the first who showed the self-dealcoholization
reaction undergone by OH-containing alkoxysilanes. They used this
to their advantage in order to prepare cyclic alkoxysilanes (also
called siloxacycloalkenes) (Die Makromolekulare Chemie 1964, 73,
85-108 and Die Makromolekulare Chemie 1966, 97, 241-247). They
prepared primary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilanes by
transesterification reaction, which formed 5- or 6-membered ring by
eliminating alcohol. They propose that the primary alcohol is not
stable in the presence of alkoxysilane and therefore tends to
cyclize.
[0004] Trost and Ball (Journal of the American Chemical Society,
2005, 127, 17644-17655) investigated alkyne hydrosilylation
catalyzed by a ruthenium catalyst. They also confirmed that
secondary hydroxyl groups will perform alcohol exchange in the
presence of alkoxysilanes, despite the fact that the secondary
alcohol is less nucleophilic.
[0005] Tertiary hydroxyl functional fluorine containing
alkoxysilanes were prepared by Semenov et al (Ladilina, E. Y.,
Lyubova, T. S., Kuznetsova, O. V., Klapshin, Y. P., Baten'kin, M.
A., Sidorenko, K. V., Glukhova, T. A., Gorshkov, O. N., Polymer
Science Series B, 2015, 57, 150-158). Aminoalkylalkoxysilane was
reacted with hexafluoroacetone to obtain a tertiary alcohol, which
was unstable in the presence of ethoxysilane. They showed that even
the tertiary hydroxyl functionality can preform the
self-dealcoholization reaction at ambient conditions. Prepared
cyclic siloxacycloalkenes were used as a low reflective index
coating for solar cells or similar, since the prepared polymers
exhibit good thermal and mechanical stability and self-cleaning
properties.
[0006] US 2007/0055036 A1 discloses the preparation of silane
functional compound, which is synthesized by a hydrosilylation
reaction of allylic alcohol and alkylalkoxysiliane. The
self-dealcoholization reaction is induced by heating to produce
cyclic silanes in high yields.
[0007] JP 2014001152 A describes the preparation of silane coupling
agents for surface treatment applications. Epoxides are ring-opened
by aminosilanes to produce --OH functional alkoxysilane as
intermediates. Since the hydroxyl functionality is not stable, a
siloxacycloalkene compound is formed as a final product.
[0008] Attempts to obtain hydroxyl functionalized silanes by
reacting aminosilanes with epoxides are also disclosed in WO
2011/081409 A2. The compound is prepared by a reaction of propylene
oxide and ethylene oxide and aminosilane at 80.degree. C. The
obtained mixture contains
(hydroxyisopropyl)aminopropyltriethoxysilane and
bis-(hydroxyisopropyl)aminopropyltriethoxysilane in different
ratios. The end-cappers produced with this method contain different
ratios of primary and secondary alcohols which points out the poor
reaction selectivity.
[0009] EP 2852649 A1, EP 2832757 A1, and EP 2268650 A1 disclose
polymers containing silane groups based on hydroxysilanes obtained
by reacting lactides or unsubstituted or monosubstituted lactones
with aminosilanes.
[0010] Another method for producing hydroxyl functional
alkoxysilanes was described by Narayan et al. (Yuya Tachibana,
Xiangke Shi, Daniel Graiver, Ramani Narayan, Silicone, 4, 167-174).
Aminosilane was reacted with ethyl carbonate to produce the primary
hydroxyl functionality. They reported that partial condensation was
unavoidable even in the absence of any catalyst.
[0011] Therefore, a need still exists for providing hydroxyl
functional alkoxysilanes which can overcome the stability
issue.
[0012] The object of this invention is to provide a stable hydroxyl
functional alkoxysilanes and a method for the preparation
thereof.
[0013] It has been found that the tertiary hydroxyl functional
alkoxysilanes having the general formula (I) according to the
present invention are significantly less nucleophilic and are
therefore considerably less reactive than the standard systems,
allowing a better reaction control and a higher storage
stability.
[0014] The present invention provides tertiary hydroxyl functional
silanes having the general formula (I)
##STR00002##
wherein [0015] R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen and a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted
hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; [0016] R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3 are same or different and are, independent from one
another, selected from a linear or branched, substituted or
unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
[0017] R.sup.4 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted
or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
[0018] R.sup.5 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted
or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
[0019] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are same or different and are,
independent from one another, selected from a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20
carbon atoms; and [0020] n is 1, 2 or 3.
[0021] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the"
include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates
otherwise.
[0022] The term "at least one," as used herein, means 1 or more,
i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or more. With reference to an
ingredient, the indication refers to the type of ingredient and not
to the absolute number of molecules. "At least one polymer" thus
means, for example, at least one type of polymer, i.e., that one
type of polymer or a mixture of several different polymers may be
used.
[0023] The terms "comprising" and "comprises" as used herein are
synonymous with "including", "includes", "containing" or
"contains", and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude
additional, non-recited members, elements or method steps.
[0024] When amounts, concentrations, dimensions and other
parameters are expressed in the form of a range, a preferable
range, an upper limit value, a lower limit value or preferable
upper and limit values, it should be understood that any ranges
obtainable by combining any upper limit or preferable value with
any lower limit or preferable value are also specifically
disclosed, irrespective of whether the obtained ranges are clearly
mentioned in the context.
[0025] The words "preferred" and "preferably" are used frequently
herein to refer to embodiments of the disclosure that may afford
particular benefits, under certain circumstances. However, the
recitation of one or more preferable or preferred embodiments does
not imply that other embodiments are not useful and is not intended
to exclude those other embodiments from the scope of the
disclosure.
[0026] R.sup.1 in the general formula (I) is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen and a linear or branched, substituted
or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
preferably a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.18 aryl
residue, which may be interrupted by at least one heteroatom. In
preferred embodiments, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or selected from a
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl residue, more preferably a methyl, ethyl or
n-propyl residue, most preferably, R.sup.1 is hydrogen.
[0027] R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 in the general formula (I) are same or
different and are, independent from one another, selected from a
linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon
residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a C.sub.1-C.sub.20
alkyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.18 aryl residue, more preferably a
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl residue, which may be interrupted by at least
one heteroatom. Particularly preferably R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 in the
general formula (I) are same or different and are, independent from
one another, selected from a methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl residue,
most preferably a methyl residue.
[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, R.sup.2
is selected from a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
preferably a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, wherein one or more carbon
atom(s) are substituted with at least one heteroatoms, preferably
selected from O or N. Preferably the carbon atom in alpha position
to Si is substituted with O or N.
[0029] R.sup.4 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted
or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
preferably a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene, more preferably a
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylene residue, which may be interrupted by at
least one heteroatom. R.sup.4 is particularly preferably selected
from a methylene, ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 2-methyl-1,3-propylene,
1,4-butylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, or 3,3-dimethyl-1,4-butylene
residue, most preferably 1,3-propylene residue.
[0030] R.sup.5 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted
or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
preferably a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene, more preferably a
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylene residue, which may be interrupted by at
least one heteroatom. R.sup.5 is particularly preferably selected
from methylene, ethylene or 1,3-propylene, 2-methyl-1,3-propylene,
1,4-butylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, or 3,3-dimethyl-1,4-butylene
residue, most preferably ethylene or 1,3-propylene residue.
[0031] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are same or different and are,
independent from one another, selected from a linear or branched,
substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20
carbon atoms, preferably a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, alkenyl, or
alkynyl, or C.sub.6-C.sub.18 aryl residue, more preferably a
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl residue, particularly preferably a methyl,
ethyl, or n-hexyl residue, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkenyl residue,
which may be interrupted by at least one heteroatom.
[0032] n is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3.
[0033] The term "substituted hydrocarbon residue," as used in this
connection, means that one or more carbon atoms and/or hydrogen
atom(s) of the hydrocarbon residues are replaced by heteroatoms or
functional groups. Heteroalkyl groups in which one or more carbon
atoms are replaced by heteroatoms, particularly selected from O, S,
N, and/or Si, are obtained by the replacement of one or more carbon
atoms by heteroatoms. Examples of such heteroalkyl groups are,
without limitation, methoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, propoxypropyl,
methoxyethyl, isopentoxypropyl, ethylaminoethyl,
trimethoxypropylsilyl, etc. Functional groups that can replace the
hydrogen atoms are selected particularly from .dbd.O, .dbd.S, --OH,
--SH, --NH.sub.2 --NO.sub.2, --CN, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --OCN,
--NCO, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-14 aryl, a 5-10-membered
heteroaryl ring, in which 1 to 4 ring atoms independently are
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and a 5-10-membered heteroalicyclic
ring, in which 1 to 3 ring atoms are independently nitrogen,
oxygen, or sulfur.
[0034] As used herein, a "C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl" or
"C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl" residue refers to a monovalent group that
contains from 1 to 20 or from 1 to 8 carbons atoms, that is a
radical of an alkane and includes linear and branched organic
groups. Examples of alkyl residues include, but are not limited to:
methyl; ethyl; propyl (or n-propyl); isopropyl; n-butyl; isobutyl;
sec-butyl; tert-butyl; n-pentyl; n-hexyl; n-heptyl; and,
2-ethylhexyl. In the present invention, such alkyl residues may be
unsubstituted or may be substituted with one or more substituents,
such as halo, preferably fluoro or chloro, nitro, cyano, amido,
amino, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, sulfanyl, sulfoxy, urea, thiourea,
sulfamoyl, sulfamide and hydroxy, and may optionally be interrupted
by at least one heteroatom. The halogenated derivatives of the
exemplary hydrocarbon residues listed above may, in particular, be
mentioned as examples of suitable substituted alkyl residues.
[0035] As used herein, a "C.sub.6-C.sub.18 aryl" residue is used
alone or as part of a larger moiety--as in "aralkyl
residue"--refers to optionally substituted, monocyclic, bicyclic
and tricyclic ring systems in which the monocyclic ring system is
aromatic or at least one of the rings in a bicyclic or tricyclic
ring system is aromatic. The aryl residue may be optionally
interrupted by at least one heteroatom. The bicyclic and tricyclic
ring systems include benzofused 2-3 membered carbocyclic rings.
Exemplary aryl residues include, but are not limited to: phenyl;
indenyl; naphthalenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, tetrahydroindenyl;
tetrahydroanthracenyl; and, anthracenyl. A phenyl residue is
preferred.
[0036] The term "alkenyl", as used herein, refers to an alkenyl
residue which comprises at least two carbon atoms and at least one
carbon-carbon double bond, e.g., ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, or
pentenyl and structural isomers thereof such as 1- or 2-propenyl,
1-, 2-, or 3-butenyl, etc. Alkenyl residues can be substituted or
unsubstituted. If they are substituted, the substituents are as
defined above. The alkenyl residue comprises linear or branched
hydrocarbon chains.
[0037] The term "alkynyl," as used herein, refers to an alkynyl
residue which comprises at least two carbon atoms and at least one
carbon-carbon triple bond, e.g., ethynyl (acetylene), propynyl, or
butynyl, and structural isomers thereof as described above. Alkynyl
residues can be substituted or unsubstituted. If they are
substituted, the substituents are as defined above.
[0038] The term "C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene" or "C.sub.1-C.sub.8
alkylene" residue refers to a divalent group that contains from 1
to 20 or 1 to 8 carbon atoms, that is a radical of an alkane and
includes linear, branched organic or cyclic groups, which groups
may be unsubstituted or substituted and may optionally be
interrupted by at least one heteroatom. In general, a preference
for alkylene groups containing from 1-20 carbon atoms
(C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene)--for example substituted,
unsubstituted, interrupted or un-interrupted alkylene groups
containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms (C.sub.1-C.sub.8
alkylene)--should be noted. Where the term "C.sub.1-C.sub.8
alkylene group" is used to define the component A herein, it is
particularly preferred for said alkylene group to be
uninterrupted.
[0039] Where mentioned, the expression "interrupted by at least one
heteroatom" means that the main chain of a residue comprises, as a
chain member, at least one atom that differs from carbon atom,
preferably oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, nitrogen, or chloride.
[0040] The present invention further provides a method for
preparing the tertiary hydroxyl functional silane having the
general formula (I) as defined herein, comprising reacting at least
one di-substituted lactone compound and at least one aminosilane
having at least one primary or secondary amino group. The tertiary
hydroxyl functional silane having the general formula (I) is
obtained by ring opening of di-substituted lactone(s) with
aminosilane(s).
[0041] In preferred embodiments, the di-substituted lactone has the
general
##STR00003##
wherein R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are the same as defined for
the general formula (I) above.
[0042] In preferred embodiments, the aminosilane is an
aminoalkylenealkoxysilane having the general formula (III)
##STR00004##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 and n are the same as defined for the
general formula (I) above.
[0043] Preferably, the aminoalkylenealkoxysilane is selected from
the group consisting of gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,
gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane,
gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane,
gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane,
gamma-aminopropyltriisopropoxysilane,
gamma-aminopropylmethyldiisopropoxysilane,
alpha-aminomethyltriethoxysilane,
alpha-aminomethyltrimethoxysilane,
alpha-aminomethyldiethoxymethylsilane,
alpha-aminomethyldimethoxymethylsilane, alpha-am
inomethyltriisopropoxysilane,
alpha-aminomethyldiisopropoxymethylsilane gamma-am
inopropylsilanetriol, gamma-aminopropylmethylsilanediol,
gamma-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropylsilanetriol,
gamma-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,
gamma-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane,
gamma-(2aminoethyl)aminopropyltriethoxysilane,
gamma-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane,
gamma-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltriisopropoxysilane,
gamma-(6-aminohexyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,
gamma-(6-aminohexyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,
gamma-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltriisopropoxy,
gamma-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropylmethyldiisopropoxy,
gamma-(N-ethylamino)-2-methylpropyltrimethoxysilane,
N-phenyl-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-benzyl-gamma-am
inopropyltrimethoxysilane,
N-benzyl-gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane,
N-benzyl-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane,
N-vinylbenzyl-gamma-am inopropyltriethoxysilane,
N-methyl-gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane,
N-methyl-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-methyl-gam
ma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-ethyl-gamma-am
inopropyltriethoxysilane,
N-ethyl-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane,
N-ethyl-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,
N-propyl-gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane,
N-propyl-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane,
N-propyl-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-butyl-gamma-am
inopropyltriethoxysilane,
N-butyl-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-butyl-gamma-am
inopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-cyclohexylaminomethyltriethoxysilane,
N-cyclohexylam inomethyltriethoxysilane,
N-cyclohexylaminomethyltrimethoxysilane, N-cyclohexylam
inomethylmethyldiiethoxysilane,
N-cyclohexylaminomethyldiethoxymethylsilane,
N-phenylaminomethyltrimethoxysilane,
(2-aminoethyl)aminomethyltrimethoxysilane,
N,N'-bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine,
delta-aminoneohexyltrimethoxysilane, N-beta-(am
inoethyl)-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane and
deltaaminoneohexylmethyldimethoxysilane, or mixtures thereof.
[0044] Synthesis of hydroxyl functional silane having the general
formula (I) can be conducted at a broad range of temperatures,
e.g., from -50 to 200.degree. C., preferably -10 to 180.degree. C.,
more preferably 23 to 100.degree. C., most preferably 30 to
60.degree. C. The reaction is performed preferably under argon or
nitrogen atmosphere.
[0045] In preferred embodiments, the molar ratio of the
di-substituted lactone compound reaction and the aminosilane is
from 0.8 to 1.3, more preferably from 1 to 1.2. If the lactone
compound is added in excess, the unreacted lactone compounds are
removed after the reaction using a vacuum or remain in the final
product as a mixture.
[0046] The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a
catalyst in order to increase the reaction rates. The catalyst can
be selected from a Lewis acid, preferably a metal-containing
compound or a Main group derivative, more preferably
organoaluminium compound, such as triethylaluminium.
[0047] The catalyst can be added from 0.001 to 5 mol %, preferably
from 0.01 to 3 mol %, more preferably from 0.5 to 2 mol %, relative
to the mol % of the amine functionality of the
aminoalkoxysilane.
[0048] The reaction can be conducted with or without a solvent.
Preferable solvents are water-free polar solvents like toluene,
acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol, dimethyl ether,
diethyl ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, propylene carbonate,
ethylene carbonate, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol,
n-propanol, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, chloromethane,
preferably in dichloromethane. Before the product is used, for
example, for preparation of curable compositions, it is preferable
to remove the solvent by distillation.
[0049] Reaction time can vary from 0.5 to 12 hours, preferably from
1 to 5 hours, more preferably from 1 to 3 hours.
[0050] The above-defined method has been found to produce the
hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane of the general formula (I) at high
yields in a one-step reaction at mild conditions. The method
according to the present invention is energy-efficient, since no
purification of the product is needed; therefore the amount of
produced waste is minimized.
[0051] The present invention further relates to the use of the
tertiary hydroxyl functional alkoxysilane of the general formula
(I) as defined herein as an adhesion promoter, urethane coupling
agent, end-capping agent (also called "endcappers") for
moisture-curable compositions, surface treatment agent, water
scavenger, fiber treatment agent, paint additive, and/or a monomer
for polymer preparations.
[0052] In principle in the present invention, all features listed
within the context of the present text, particularly the
embodiments, proportional ranges, components and other features of
the composition according to the invention, of the method according
to the invention and of the use according to the invention
identified as preferred and/or special, can be implemented in all
possible and not mutually exclusive combinations, with combinations
of features identified as preferred and/or special also being
regarded as preferred and/or special.
[0053] The following examples are used to explain the invention;
however, the invention is not limited thereto.
EXAMPLES
Examples 1 to 3: Preparation of Tertiary Hydroxyl Functional
Methoxysilanes
[0054] In a dry round bottom flask under argon atmosphere 5 g (27.9
mmol) of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (AMMO) was stirred at
50.degree. C. 0.28 ml of 1M triethylaluminium solution in hexane
was slowly added (0.279 mmol, 1 mol %). Afterwards 27.9 mmol of the
di-substituted lactone listed in Table 1 was added and vigorously
stirred for 3 hours. The following compounds were obtained as
colorless liquids in 96-98% purity.
Example 1
##STR00005##
[0056] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) .delta. 6.44 (s, 1H),
3.54 (s, 4H), 3.18 (q, J=7.0, Hz, 1H), 2.28 (t, J=7.5, Hz, 1H),
1.82-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.25 (s,
3H), 1.11 (s, 2H), 0.85 (t, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 0.66-0.57 (m, 1H);
.sup.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.=174.13, 71.51, 50.46,
42.54, 41.93, 36.69, 31.81, 29.89, 26.47, 23.99, 22.63, 22.57,
14.00, 6.46; .sup.29Si NMR (79 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.=-42.27.
Example 2
##STR00006##
[0058] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) .delta. 6.51 (s, OH),
5.22 (qd, J=6.1, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (s, 4H), 3.11 (q, J=7.0, Hz,
1H), 2.21 (dd, J=6.2, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 2.04-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.56 (m,
1H), 1.55-1.44 (m, 1H), 1.39 (dt, J=11.2, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 1.05 (d,
J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 0.84 (td, J=7.5, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 0.53 (m, 1H); .sup.13C
NMR (101 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.=174.12, 131.54, 128.91, 71.30,
50.39, 42.36, 41.92, 36.76, 30.93, 26.25, 22.60, 21.81, 20.37,
14.22, 6.43; .sup.29Si NMR (79 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.=-42.28.
Example 3
##STR00007##
[0060] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) .delta. 6.83 (s, OH),
3.57 (s, 6H), 3.31-3.19 (m, 1H), 3.04-2.59 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.59 (m,
3H), 0.70-0.61 (m, 1H); .sup.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.=171.16, 107.83, 81.59, 50.61, 41.97, 40.80, 23.35, 22.41,
6.56; .sup.29Si NMR (79 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.=-42.48.
Comparative Examples 1 and 2: Preparation of Secondary Hydroxyl
Functional Methoxysilanes
[0061] In a dry round bottom flask under argon atmosphere 5 g (27.9
mmol) of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (AMMO) was stirred at
50.degree. C. 0.28 ml of 1M triethylaluminium solution in hexane
was slowly added (0.279 mmol, 1 mol %). Afterwards 27.9 mmol of the
mono-substituted lactone listed in Table 1 was added and vigorously
stirred for 3 hours.
[0062] A yellowish and viscous following product from Comparative
Example 1 was obtained.
##STR00008##
[0063] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) .delta. 6.55 (s, OH),
3.51 (s, 5H), 3.19-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.71 (m,
1H), 1.65-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.37 (m, 2H), 0.86 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H),
0.63-0.55 (m, 1H); .sup.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.=173.95, 70.74, 50.46, 41.92, 39.78, 33.10, 32.81, 22.62,
18.86, 14.03, 6.45; .sup.29Si NMR (79 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta.=-42.22.
[0064] The NMR of the product from Comparative Example 2 showed a
highly crosslinked structure, which cannot be used further.
Comparative Example 3: Preparation of Primary Hydroxyl Functional
Methoxysilane
[0065] In a dry round bottom flask under argon atmosphere 5 g (27.9
mmol) of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (AMMO) was stirred at
50.degree. C. 0.28 ml of 1M triethylaluminium solution in hexane
was slowly added (0.279 mmol, 1 mol %). Afterwards 27.9 mmol of
.delta.-valerolactone was added and vigorously stirred for 3 hours.
A yellow highly viscous product was obtained. The NMR of the
product of Comparative Example 3 showed a highly crosslinked
structure, which cannot be used further.
Testing the Stability of Prepared Silanes
[0066] After the preparation of the hydroxyl functional silanes as
described above, a round bottom flask with the sample under the
nitrogen atmosphere was placed in the heating oven at 50.degree. C.
for 8 days. A small amount of sample for the NMR analysis was
withdrawn from the flask immediately before putting it the oven and
after 2, 5 and 8 days. The degree of crosslinking and consequently
the purity was assessed based the integration of the .sup.29Si NMR
spectra. The peak at around -42 ppm corresponded to the
non-hydrolyzed trimethoxysilane, the peak at around -41 ppm
corresponded to self-dealcoholized product and the peaks below the
value of -44 ppm correspond to the mono-, di- or three-hydrolized
(oligomerized or crosslinked) silane. It was determined that only
the silanes with purity higher than 90% after 8 days at 50.degree.
C. suffice the standards for further applications.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Purity comparison of the hydroxyl functional
silanes Purity (%) Right after 2 5 8 Lactone reaction days days
days Example 1 4-methyl decalactone 98 98 98 97 Example 2
4-hydroxyl-4-methyl-7- 96 95 94 92 cis-decene gamma lactone Example
3 4-methyl-4- 97 94 93 91 (trichloromethyl)- 2-oxetanone Comp.
gamma-heptalactone 92 88 85 82 Example 1 Comp. gamma-valerolactone
Completely crosslinked Example 2 Comp. delta-valerolactone
Completely crosslinked Example 3
* * * * *