U.S. patent application number 16/688339 was filed with the patent office on 2020-09-24 for substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines, their preparation and their use as pharmaceuticals.
The applicant listed for this patent is NEOMED Institute. Invention is credited to Malken BAYRAKDARIAN, Stephen CLARIDGE, Andrew GRIFFIN.
Application Number | 20200299292 16/688339 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004871983 |
Filed Date | 2020-09-24 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200299292 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BAYRAKDARIAN; Malken ; et
al. |
September 24, 2020 |
SUBSTITUTED [1,2,4]TRIAZOLO[4,3-A]PYRIDINES, THEIR PREPARATION AND
THEIR USE AS PHARMACEUTICALS
Abstract
This application relates to substituted
[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines of formula (I), compositions
comprising them and their uses in the treatment of diseases and
conditions in which inhibition of a bromodomain is indicated. For
example, the application relates to substituted
[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines and to their use as bromodomain
inhibitors. The present application is also related to the
treatment or prevention of proliferative disorders, auto-immune
disorders, inflammatory disorders, dermal disorders, and neoplasms,
including tumors and/or cancers. ##STR00001##
Inventors: |
BAYRAKDARIAN; Malken;
(Montreal, CA) ; CLARIDGE; Stephen; (Montreal,
CA) ; GRIFFIN; Andrew; (Montreal, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
NEOMED Institute |
Montreal |
|
CA |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004871983 |
Appl. No.: |
16/688339 |
Filed: |
November 19, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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16072464 |
Jul 24, 2018 |
10519151 |
|
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PCT/CA2017/050086 |
Jan 27, 2017 |
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16688339 |
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62288059 |
Jan 28, 2016 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D 471/04
20130101 |
International
Class: |
C07D 471/04 20060101
C07D471/04 |
Claims
1. A compound of Formula (I): ##STR00101## or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt, solvate, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein:
R.sup.1 is --C(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b)(R.sup.c), where R.sup.a and
R.sup.b independently represent hydrogen or a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, or R.sup.a and R.sup.b are linked together to
form a C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl or a 3-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl, and R.sup.c is linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl,
C.sub.6-C.sub.10aryl, 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-8 membered
heteroaryl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, (3-7
membered heterocycloalkyl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl,
(C.sub.6-C.sub.10aryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl or (5-8 membered
heteroaryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are each
independently hydrogen, halogen, linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkoxy,
--C(O)R.sup.6, --NH.sub.2, --NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6'),
--C(O)NH.sub.2, --C(O)NH(R.sup.6), --C(O)N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6') or
--NHC(O)R.sup.6; one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen, halogen, a
linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, --C(O)R.sup.6, --NH.sub.2,
--NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6'), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(R.sup.6), --C(O)N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6') or --NHC(O)R.sup.6;
and the other of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a group of Formula II:
##STR00102## wherein: X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are each
independently N or C, wherein when X.sup.1, X.sup.2 or X.sup.3 is
N, then the R.sup.7, R.sup.8 or R.sup.10 attached thereto is
absent, provided that at least two of X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3
is C; R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are each independently
hydrogen, halogen, CN, linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl, --OR.sup.6, --SR.sup.6, --NHR.sup.6,
--N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6'), --NHC(O)R.sup.6 or
--N(R.sup.6)C(O)R.sup.6', provided that at least one of R.sup.7,
R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 is other than hydrogen; R.sup.9 is a
C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.5cycloalkyl group; R.sup.6
and R.sup.6', which are the same or different, represent a linear
or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl group; and each alkyl is
unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 groups being halogen, CN,
alkoxy or haloalkoxy, and each of cycloalkyl, aryl,
heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by
1 to 3 groups being halogen, CN, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or
haloalkoxy.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R.sup.1 is
--C(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b)(R.sup.c), where R.sup.a is H or methyl,
R.sup.b is H or methyl, or R.sup.a and R.sup.b are linked together
to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl or a 3-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen,
CN, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy, and R.sup.c is
(C.sub.5-C.sub.6aryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl or a group cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl,
imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,
oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, [1,3]dioxolane,
pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl,
imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxazolidinyl,
isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl,
tetrahydrofuryl or tetrahydropyranyl, each group R.sup.c being
optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy
or haloalkoxy.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein R.sup.1 is
--C(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b)(R.sup.c), where R.sup.a is H or methyl,
R.sup.b is H or methyl, or R.sup.a and R.sup.b are linked together
to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl or a 3-6 membered
heterocycloalkyl, and R.sup.c is benzyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or
tetrahydropyranyl, each group R being optionally substituted by 1
to 3 halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy.
4. The compound of claim 1, wherein R.sup.1 is
--C(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b)(R.sup.c), where R.sup.a is H or methyl,
R.sup.b is H or methyl, or R.sup.a and R.sup.b are linked together
to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl, and R.sup.c is benzyl,
cyclohexyl, phenyl or tetrahydropyranyl, each group R.sup.c being
optionally substituted by 1 or 2 halogen being F or Cl, methyl or
--CF.sub.3.
5. The compound of claim 1, wherein R.sup.1 is one of the following
groups: ##STR00103## ##STR00104## wherein X is F or Cl.
6. The compound of claim 1, wherein R.sup.1 is one of the following
groups: ##STR00105## ##STR00106##
7. The compound of claim 1, wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are
hydrogen.
8. The compound of claim 1, wherein R.sup.4 is a group of Formula
II.
9. The compound of claim 1, wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3
are all carbon atoms and R.sup.9 is an unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.5cycloalkyl group.
10.-12. (canceled)
13. The compound of claim 9, wherein R.sup.7 and R.sup.10 are each
hydrogen atoms and R.sup.8 is Cl, CN, NHR.sup.6 or a substituted or
unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl
group.
14. The compound of claim 1, wherein the group of Formula II is the
following group: ##STR00107##
15.-16. (canceled)
17. The compound of claim 1, having the following Formula IIIa:
##STR00108## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are as
defined in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate,
ester or prodrug thereof.
18. The compound of claim 17, wherein R.sup.9 is an unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.5cycloalkyl group, R.sup.7
and R.sup.10 are each hydrogen atoms and R.sup.8 is Cl, CN,
NHR.sup.6 or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl or
C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl group.
19.-20. (canceled)
21. The compound of claim 17, wherein R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each
independently a methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, fluoromethyl,
difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl or difluorocyclopropyl
group.
22. The compound of claim 1, having the following Formula IIIb:
##STR00109## wherein R.sup.1 is as defined in claim 1, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester or prodrug
thereof.
23. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
solvate, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is selected
from ##STR00110## ##STR00111## ##STR00112## ##STR00113##
##STR00114## ##STR00115## ##STR00116##
24. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a compound of claim 1,
together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or
excipient.
25.-51. (canceled)
52. A method for treating a disease or condition for which a
bromodomain inhibitor is indicated, which comprises administering
to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of
a compound according to claim 1.
53.-62. (canceled)
63. A method for the treatment of a disease or condition selected
from auto-immune disorders, inflammatory disorders, dermal
disorders, and neoplasms, which comprises administering to a
subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a
compound according to claim 1.
64.-66. (canceled)
67. The method of claim 63, wherein the disease or condition is a
neoplasm selected from bladder cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, brain
cancer, central nervous system cancer, breast cancer, cervix
cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, kidney cancer, liver
cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic
cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer or gastric cancer.
68.-70. (canceled)
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to United States
provisional application No. 62/288,059 filed on Jan. 28, 2016, the
content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety for all purposes.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The technical field generally compounds, compositions and
their uses in the treatment of diseases and conditions in which
inhibition of bromodomains is indicated. For example, the
application relates to substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines,
to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and to their
use as bromodomain inhibitors. The present application is also
related to the treatment or prevention of proliferative disorders,
auto-immune disorders, inflammatory disorders, dermal disorders,
and neoplasms, including tumors and/or cancers.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Bromodomains are found in a variety of mammalian DNA-binding
proteins. The bromodomain, which is the conserved structural module
in chromatin-associated proteins and histone acetyltransferases, is
known to recognize acetyl-lysine residues on proteins. Bromodomain
inhibitors are believed to be useful in the treatment of a variety
of diseases or conditions, such as cancer as well as chronic
autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. There is therefore a need
for compounds that could inhibit bromodomains.
SUMMARY
[0004] According to one aspect, the present application relates to
compounds of Formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
solvates, esters or prodrugs thereof:
##STR00002##
wherein:
[0005] R.sup.1 is --C(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b)(R.sup.c), where R.sup.a and
R.sup.b independently represent hydrogen or a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, or R.sup.a and R.sup.b are linked together to
form a C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl or a 3-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl, and R.sup.c is linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl,
C.sub.6-C.sub.10aryl, 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-8 membered
heteroaryl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, (3-7
membered heterocycloalkyl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl,
(C.sub.6-C.sub.10aryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl or (5-8 membered
heteroaryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; [0006] R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are
each independently hydrogen, halogen, linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkoxy,
--C(O)R.sup.6, --NH.sub.2, --NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6'),
--C(O)NH.sub.2, --C(O)NH(R.sup.6), --C(O)N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6') or
--NHC(O)R.sup.6'; [0007] one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen,
halogen, a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, --C(O)R.sup.6,
--NH.sub.2, --NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6'), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(R.sup.6), --C(O)N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6') or --NHC(O)R.sup.6;
and the other of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a group of Formula II:
[0007] ##STR00003## [0008] wherein: [0009] X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and
X.sup.3 are each independently N or C, wherein when X.sup.1,
X.sup.2 or X.sup.3 is N, then the R.sup.7, R.sup.8 or R.sup.10
attached thereto is absent, provided that at least two of X.sup.1,
X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 is C; [0010] R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are
each independently hydrogen, halogen (such as F, Cl), CN, linear or
branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl,
--OR.sup.6, --SR.sup.6, --NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6'),
--NHC(O)R.sup.6 or --N(R.sup.6)C(O)R.sup.6', provided that at least
one of R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 is other than hydrogen; [0011]
R.sup.9 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.5cycloalkyl
group; [0012] R.sup.6 and R.sup.6', which are the same or
different, represent a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl
group; [0013] and each alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycloalkyl
and heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted.
[0014] In one embodiment, when a substituent in Formula I comprises
an alkyl group, this group can be unsubstituted or substituted with
1 to 3 groups being halogen, CN, alkoxy or haloalkoxy. In another
embodiment, when a substituent in Formula I comprises a cycloalkyl,
aryl, heterocycloalkyl and/or heteroaryl group, such group can be
unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 groups being halogen, CN,
alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy.
[0015] According to another embodiment, the application relates to
compounds of Formula III, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
solvates, esters or prodrugs thereof:
##STR00004## [0016] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as
defined herein.
[0017] In another embodiment, the present application relates to
compounds of Formula IIIa, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
solvates, esters or prodrugs thereof:
##STR00005##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are as
defined herein.
[0018] Another embodiment of the application relates to compounds
of Formula IIIb, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates,
esters or prodrugs thereof:
##STR00006##
wherein R.sup.1 is as defined herein.
[0019] Another aspect relates to pharmaceutical compositions,
comprising a compound as defined in the present application,
together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or
excipient.
[0020] A further aspect relates to the use of a compound as defined
in the present application, or such a compound for use, in the
treatment or prevention of a disease or condition for which a
bromodomain inhibitor is indicated. Similarly, this aspect relates
to the use of a compound of the present application in the
manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of a
disease or condition for which a bromodomain inhibitor is
indicated. This aspect also further relates to a method for
treating a disease or condition for which a bromodomain inhibitor
is indicated, which comprises administering to a subject in need
thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as herein
defined. In one embodiment, the disease or condition for which a
bromodomain inhibitor is indicated is an auto-immune disorder, an
inflammatory disorder (such as rheumatoid arthritis, irritable
bowel syndrome, or psoriasis), a dermal disorder, or cancer (for
instance, brain cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung
cancer, or prostate cancer). For instance the disease or condition
is brain cancer, such as glioblastoma multiforme.
[0021] According to a further aspect, the application relates to
the use of a compound as herein defined, or such a compound for
use, in the treatment of a disease or condition selected from
auto-immune disorders, inflammatory disorders, dermal disorders,
and neoplasms. This aspect also relates to a method for the
treatment or prevention of a disease or condition selected from
auto-immune disorders, inflammatory disorders, dermal disorders,
and neoplasms, which comprises administering to a subject in need
thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as herein
defined. For instance, the inflammatory disorder is rheumatoid
arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, or psoriasis. For example, the
disease or condition is a neoplasm which is brain cancer (e.g.
glioblastoma multiforme), pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung
cancer, or prostate cancer.
[0022] Hence, an aspect relates to the use of a compound as defined
in the present application in the treatment of a disease or
condition for which a bromodomain inhibitor is indicated.
[0023] Another aspect relates to the use of a compound as defined
in the present application in the manufacture of a medicament for
the treatment of a disease or condition for which a bromodomain
inhibitor is indicated.
[0024] Another aspect relates to the use of a compound as defined
in the present application for the treatment of a disease or
condition selected from auto-immune disorders, inflammatory
disorders, dermal disorders, and neoplasms.
[0025] Another aspect relates to a method for treating a disease or
condition for which a bromodomain inhibitor is indicated, which
comprises administering to a subject in need thereof, a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in the
present application.
[0026] Another aspect relates to a method for inhibiting a
bromodomain which comprises contacting the bromodomain with a
compound as defined in the present application.
[0027] Another aspect relates to a method for the treatment of a
disease or condition selected from auto-immune disorders,
inflammatory disorders, dermal disorders, and neoplasms, which
comprises administering to a subject in need thereof, a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in the
present application.
[0028] Additional objects and features of the present compounds,
compositions, methods and uses will become more apparent upon
reading of the following non-restrictive description of exemplary
embodiments, which should not be interpreted as limiting the scope
of the invention.
DESCRIPTION
[0029] All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same
meaning as commonly understood by one ordinary skilled in the art
to which the present technology pertains. For convenience, the
meaning of certain terms and phrases used herein are provided
below.
[0030] To the extent the definitions of terms in the publications,
patents, and patent applications incorporated herein by reference
are contrary to the definitions set forth in this specification,
the definitions in this specification control. The section headings
used herein are for organizational purposes only, and are not to be
construed as limiting the subject matter disclosed.
i. Definitions
[0031] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing
particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. It
should be noted that, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the"
include plural forms as well, unless the content clearly dictates
otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing
"a compound" also contemplates a mixture of two or more compounds.
It should also be noted that the term "or" is generally employed in
its sense including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates
otherwise. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms "including",
"includes", "having", "has", "with", or variants thereof are used
in either the detailed description and/or the claims, such terms
are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term
"comprising".
[0032] The term "about" or "approximately" means within an
acceptable error range for the particular value as determined by
one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend in part on how
the value is measured or determined, i.e., the limitations of the
measurement system. For example, "about" can mean within 1 or more
than 1 standard deviation, per the practice in the art.
Alternatively, "about" can mean a range of up to 20%, preferably up
to 10%, more preferably up to 5%, and more preferably still up to
1% of a given value. Alternatively, particularly with respect to
biological systems or processes, the term can mean within an order
of magnitude, preferably within 5-fold, and more preferably within
2-fold, of a value. Where particular values are described in the
application and claims, unless otherwise stated the term "about"
meaning within an acceptable error range for the particular value
should be assumed.
[0033] As used herein, the terms "compounds herein described",
"compounds of the present application" and equivalent expressions
refer to compounds described in the present application, e.g.,
those encompassed by structural Formulae such as Formulae I, III,
IIIa and IIIb, optionally with reference to any of the applicable
embodiments, and also includes exemplary compounds, for example,
Compounds 1-27, as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
solvates, esters, and prodrugs when applicable. When a zwitterionic
form is possible, the compound may be drawn as its neutral form for
practical purposes, but the compound is understood to also include
its zwitterionic form. Embodiments herein may also exclude one or
more of the compounds. Compounds may be identified either by their
chemical structure or their chemical name. In a case where the
chemical structure and chemical name would conflict, the chemical
structure will prevail.
[0034] Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also
meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric,
and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for
example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, Z
and E double bond isomers, and Z and E conformational isomers.
Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric,
diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the
present compounds are within the scope of the present description.
Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds are
within the scope of the present description. Additionally, unless
otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to
include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more
isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having the
present structures including the replacement of hydrogen by
deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a .sup.13C-
or .sup.14C-enriched carbon are within the scope of the present
description. Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical
tools, as probes in biological assays, or as therapeutic agents in
accordance with the present description.
[0035] Where a particular enantiomer is preferred, it may, in some
embodiments be provided substantially free of the corresponding
enantiomer, and may also be referred to as "optically enriched."
"Optically-enriched," as used herein, means that the compound is
made up of a significantly greater proportion of one enantiomer. In
certain embodiments the compound is made up of at least about 90%
by weight of a preferred enantiomer. In other embodiments the
compound is made up of at least about 95%, 98%, or 99% by weight of
a preferred enantiomer. Preferred enantiomers may be isolated from
racemic mixtures by any method known to those skilled in the art,
including chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the
formation and crystallization of chiral salts or prepared by
asymmetric syntheses. See, for example, Jacques et al.,
Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New
York, 1981); Wilen, et al., Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel, E.
L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, N Y, 1962);
Wilen, S. H. Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions, p.
268 (E. L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind.
1972).
[0036] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms
are described in more detail below. For purposes of the present
description, the chemical elements are identified in accordance
with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics, 75th, Ed., inside cover, and specific
functional groups are generally defined as described therein.
Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as
specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in
Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books,
Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March March's Advanced Organic
Chemistry, 5th, Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,
2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH
Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; Carruthers, Some Modern Methods
of Organic Synthesis, 3.sup.rd Edition, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1987.
[0037] The chemical structures herein are drawn according to the
conventional standards known in the art. Thus, where an atom, such
as a carbon atom, as drawn appears to have an unsatisfied valency,
then that valency is assumed to be satisfied by a hydrogen atom
even though that hydrogen atom is not necessarily explicitly drawn.
Hydrogen atoms should be inferred to be part of the compound.
[0038] Abbreviations may also be used throughout the application,
unless otherwise noted, such abbreviations are intended to have the
meaning generally understood by the field. Examples of such
abbreviations include Me (methyl), Et (ethyl), Pr (propyl), i-Pr
(isopropyl), Bu (butyl), t-Bu (tert-butyl), i-Bu (iso-butyl), s-Bu
(sec-butyl), c-Bu (cyclobutyl), Ph (phenyl), Bn (benzyl), Bz
(benzoyl), CBz or Cbz or Z (carbobenzyloxy), Boc or BOC
(tert-butoxycarbonyl), and Su or Suc (succinimide). For greater
certainty, examples of abbreviations used in the present
application are listed in a table in the Examples section.
[0039] The number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbyl substituent can
be indicated by the prefix "C.sub.x-C.sub.y," where x is the
minimum and y is the maximum number of carbon atoms in the
substituent. When reference is made to "x to y membered"
heterocyclic ring (e.g., heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl), then x
and y define respectively, the minimum and maximum number of atoms
in the cycle, including carbons as well as heteroatom(s).
[0040] The prefix "halo" indicates that the substituent to which
the prefix is attached is substituted with one or more
independently selected halogen atoms. More specifically, the terms
"halo" and "halogen" as used herein refer to an atom selected from
fluorine (fluoro, --F), chlorine (chloro, --Cl), bromine (bromo,
--Br), and iodine (iodo, --I). For example, "haloalkyl" means an
alkyl substituent wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced
with a halogen atom and "haloalkoxy" means an alkoxy substituent
wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced with a halogen
atom.
[0041] The term "heteroatom" means one or more of oxygen, sulfur,
nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon (including, any oxidized form of
nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; the quaternized form of
any basic nitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic
ring, for example N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in
pyrrolidinyl) or NR+ (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).
[0042] As used herein a "direct bond" or "covalent bond" refers to
a single, double or triple bond. In certain embodiments, a "direct
bond" or "covalent bond" refers to a single bond.
[0043] The term "aliphatic" or "aliphatic group", as used herein,
denotes a hydrocarbon moiety that may be straight-chain (i.e.,
unbranched), branched, or cyclic (including fused, bridging, and
spiro-fused polycyclic) and may be completely saturated or may
contain one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not
aromatic. Unless otherwise specified, aliphatic groups contain 1-6
carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-4
carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments aliphatic groups contain
1-3 carbon atoms. Aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocycle. Suitable aliphatic groups
include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, alkyl,
alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, and hybrids thereof such as
(cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
[0044] The term "alkyl" as used herein, refers to a saturated,
straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical typically
containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. For example, "C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl" contains from one to six carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl
radicals include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl,
isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl,
heptyl, octyl radicals and the like.
[0045] The term "alkenyl" as used herein, denotes a straight- or
branched-chain hydrocarbon radical containing one or more double
bonds and typically from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. For example,
"C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl" contains from two to eight carbon atoms.
Alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, for example,
ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, I-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, heptenyl,
octenyl and the like.
[0046] The term "alkynyl" as used herein, denotes a straight- or
branched-chain hydrocarbon radical containing one or more triple
bonds and typically from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. For example,
"C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl" contains from two to eight carbon atoms.
Representative alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, for
example, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, heptynyl, octynyl and the
like.
[0047] The term "alkoxy" as used herein, refers to group --Oalkyl,
wherein alkyl is as defined herein. For example, the alkoxy group
may be --O(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl). Examples of alkoxy groups
include, without being limited to, -OMe, -OEt, --O.sup.iPr etc.
[0048] The term "haloalkyl" as used herein, refers to an alkyl
group as defined herein (e.g., C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl), wherein one
or more hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a halogen atom (e.g.
F or Cl). For example, the haloalkyl group may be --CF.sub.3,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2F, --CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2, --CH.sub.2CF.sub.3
etc.
[0049] The term "haloalkoxy" as used herein, refers to a group
alkoxy as defined herein, where one or more hydrogen atoms has been
replaced with a halogen atom (e.g. F or Cl). For example, the
haloalkoxy group may be --OCF.sub.3, --OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2F,
--OCH.sub.2CHF.sub.2, --OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3 etc.
[0050] The terms "cycloalkyl", "alicyclic", "carbocyclic" and
equivalent expressions refer to a group comprising a saturated or
partially unsaturated (non-aromatic) carbocyclic ring in a
monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, including spiro (sharing one
atom), fused (sharing at least one bond) or bridged (sharing two or
more bonds) carbocyclic ring systems, having from three to fifteen
ring members. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, without
limitation, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopenten-1-yl,
cyclopenten-2-yl, cyclopenten-3-yl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexen-1-yl,
cyclohexen-2-yl, cyclohexen-3-yl, cycloheptyl,
bicyclo[4,3,0]nonanyl, norbornyl, and the like. The term
"cycloalkyl" includes both unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups and
substituted cycloalkyl groups. The term "C.sub.3-C.sub.ncycloalkyl"
refers to a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to the indicated "n"
number of carbon atoms in the ring structure. Unless the number of
carbons is otherwise specified, "lower cycloalkyl" groups as herein
used, have at least 3 and equal or less than 8 carbon atoms in
their ring structure.
[0051] The term "alkylcyclolalkyl" refers to an alkyl group
substituted by a cycloalkyl group as defined herein, wherein the
alkyl and cycloalkyl portions independently are optionally
substituted. In the present description, an alkylcyclolalkyl group
can be referred to as "(C.sub.3-C.sub.n cycloalkyl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y
alkyl", where n is the maximum number of carbon atoms in the
cycloalkyl group, x is the minimum and y is the maximum number of
carbon atoms in the alkyl group. In other words, (C.sub.3-C.sub.n
cycloalkyl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl represents a C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl
group substituted with a group C.sub.3-C.sub.n cycloalkyl and the
C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl portion is directly attached to the atom
(e.g. C or N) to be substituted. An example of alkylcyclolalkyl
includes, without being limited to, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6
cycloalkyl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.
[0052] As used herein, the terms "heterocycle", "heterocycloalkyl",
"heterocyclyl", "heterocyclic radical" and "heterocyclic ring" are
used interchangeably and refer to a chemically stable 3- to
7-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety
that is either saturated or partially unsaturated, and having, in
addition to carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one to four,
heteroatoms, as defined above. When used in reference to a ring
atom of a heterocycle, the term "nitrogen" includes a substituted
nitrogen. As an example, in a saturated or partially unsaturated
ring having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur or
nitrogen, the nitrogen may be N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH
(as in pyrrolidinyl), or +NR (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl). A
heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any
heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a chemically stable
structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted.
Examples of heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited
to, 1,3-dioxolanyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidonyl, pyrazolinyl,
pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl,
thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,
tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, tetrahydrodithienyl,
tetrahydrothienyl, thiomorpholino, thioxanyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl,
thietanyl, homopiperidinyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, oxazepinyl,
diazepinyl, thiazepinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl,
3-pyrrolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl, dithianyl,
dithiolanyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl,
3-azabicyclo[3,1,0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4,1,0]heptanyl,
quinolizinyl, quinuclidinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl,
tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, and the like.
Heterocyclic groups also include groups in which a heterocyclic
ring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloaliphatic
rings, such as indolinyl, 3H-indolyl, chromanyl, chromenyl,
phenanthridinyl, 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, octahydroindolyl, or
tetrahydroquinolinyl, where the radical or point of attachment is
on the heterocyclyl ring. A heterocyclyl group may be mono- or
bicyclic.
[0053] The term "alkylheterocycloalkyl" refers to an alkyl group
substituted by a heterocycloalkyl group as defined herein. The
alkyl and heterocycloalkyl portions independently are optionally
substituted. In the present description, an alkylheterocycloalkyl
group can be referred to as a "(3-n membered
heterocycloalkyl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl", where n is the maximum
number of atoms (including carbons and heteroatoms) in the
heterocycloalkyl group, and x is the minimum and y is the maximum
number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group. In other words, a (3-n
membered heterocycloalkyl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl represents a
C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl group substituted with a heterocycloalkyl
group having 3 to n atoms and the C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl portion is
directly attached to the atom (e.g. C or N) to be substituted. An
example of a (3-n membered heterocycloalkyl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl
group can be, without being limited to, a (3-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.
[0054] As used herein, the term "partially unsaturated" refers to a
ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond
between ring atoms but is not aromatic. The term "partially
unsaturated" is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites
of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aryl or heteroaryl
moieties, as herein defined.
[0055] The term "aryl" used alone or as part of a larger moiety as
in "aralkyl", "aralkoxy", or "aryloxyalkyl", refers to a monocyclic
moiety or to a bicyclic or tricyclic fused ring system having a
total of six to 15 ring members, wherein at least one ring in the
system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains
three to seven ring members. The term "aryl" may be used
interchangeably with the term "aryl ring". In certain embodiments
of the present description, "aryl" refers to an aromatic ring
system which includes, but not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl,
naphthyl, azulenyl, anthracyl and the like, which may bear one or
more substituents.
[0056] The term "aralkyl" or "arylalkyl" refers to an alkyl residue
substituted with an aryl ring. Examples of aralkyl include, but are
not limited to, benzyl, phenethyl, 1-phenylethyl, and the like.
Also included within the scope of the term "aryl", as it is used
herein, is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or
more non-aromatic rings, such as indanyl, indenyl, phthalimidyl,
naphthimidyl, fluorenyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl,
and the like. In the present description, aralkyl groups can also
be referred to as (C.sub.v-C.sub.w aryl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl
wherein x is the minimum and y the maximum number of carbon atoms
in the alkyl group, and v is the minimum and w the maximum number
of carbon atoms in the aryl group. In other words, a
(C.sub.v-C.sub.w aryl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl represents a
C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl group substituted with a C.sub.v-C.sub.w aryl
group and the C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl portion is directly attached to
the atom (e.g. C or N) to be substituted. An example of
(C.sub.v-C.sub.w aryl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl group can be
(C.sub.6-C.sub.10 aryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.
[0057] The terms "heteroaryl" and "heteroar-", used alone or as
part of a larger moiety, e.g., "heteroaralkyl", or
"heteroaralkoxy", refer to groups having 5 to 18 ring atoms,
preferably 5, 6, or 9 ring atoms; having 6, 10, or 14 .pi.
electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, in addition to
carbon atoms, from one to five heteroatoms. The term "heteroatom"
includes but is not limited to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and
includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any
quaternized form of a basic nitrogen. In the present description,
heteroaryl groups can also be referred to as "3-n membered
heteroaryl", wherein n is the maximum number of atoms (including
carbons and heteroatoms) in the heteroaryl group. An example of a
"3-n membered heteroaryl" can be, without being limited to, a "5-10
membered heteroaryl", and more particularly a "5-8 membered
heteroaryl". A heteroaryl may be a single ring, or two or more
fused rings. Heteroaryl groups include, without limitation,
thienyl, furanyl (furyl), thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl,
triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl,
thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl,
pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, furopyridinyl, indolizinyl,
purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl. The terms "heteroaryl" and
"heteroar-", as used herein, also include groups in which a
heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic,
or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is
on the heteroaromatic ring. Non-limiting examples include indolyl,
3H-indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl),
benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl,
benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, quinolyl (quinolinyl), isoquinolyl
(isoquinolinyl), quinolonyl, isoquinolonyl, cinnolinyl,
phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl,
carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenanthridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl,
phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and
pyrido[2,3-b]-1,4-oxazin-3(4H)-one. A heteroaryl group may be mono-
or bicyclic. A heteroaryl group can be attached to its pendant
group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a chemically
stable structure. Heteroaryl groups include rings that are
optionally substituted.
[0058] The term "heteroaralkyl" refers to an alkyl group
substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl
portions independently are optionally substituted. Examples
include, but are not limited to, pyridinylmethyl, pyrimidinylethyl
and the like. In the present description, heteroaralkyl groups can
also be referred to as (3-n membered heteroaryl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y
alkyl, wherein n is the maximum number of atoms (including carbons
and heteroatoms) in the heteroaryl group, and x is the minimum and
y the maximum number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group. In other
words, a (3-n membered heteroaryl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl represents
a C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl group substituted with a heteroaryl group
having 3 to n atoms and the C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl portion is
directly attached to the atom (e.g. C or N) to be substituted. An
example of a (3-n membered heteroaryl)C.sub.x-C.sub.y alkyl can be,
without being limited to, a (3-10 membered
heteroaryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl. It can be more particularly a
(5-8 membered heteroaryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.
[0059] The term "bivalent hydrocarbon" refers to a bivalent
saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group. Such bivalent
hydrocarbon groups include alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene
groups.
[0060] The term "alkylene" refers to a divalent group derived from
a straight or branched saturated hydrocarbyl chain typically
containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more typically from 1 to 8
carbon atoms. Examples of an "alkylene" include a polymethylene
group, i.e., --(CH.sub.2).sub.n--, wherein n is a positive integer,
preferably from 1 to 6, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, or
from 2 to 3; or --CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--,
and --CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2--. A substituted alkylene chain
is a polymethylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen
atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents
include those described below for a substituted aliphatic
group.
[0061] The term "alkenylene" refers to a divalent unsaturated
hydrocarbyl group which may be linear or branched and which has at
least one carbon-carbon double bond. An alkenylene group typically
contains 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more typically from 2 to 8 carbon
atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkenylene groups include
--C(H).dbd.C(H)--, --C(H).dbd.C(H)--CH.sub.2--,
--C(H).dbd.C(H)--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--C(H).dbd.C(H)--CH.sub.2--,
--C(H).dbd.C(H)--CH(CH.sub.3)--, and
--CH.sub.2--C(H).dbd.C(H)--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)--.
[0062] The term "alkynylene" refers to a divalent unsaturated
hydrocarbon group which may be linear or branched and which has at
least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Examples of alkynylene groups
include, without limitation, --C.ident.C--,
--C.ident.C--CH.sub.2--, --C.ident.C--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--C.ident.C--CH.sub.2--, --C.ident.C--CH(CH.sub.3)--, and
--CH.sub.2--C.ident.C--CH(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)--.
[0063] As described herein, compounds of the present description
may contain "optionally substituted" moieties. In general, the term
"substituted", whether preceded by the term "optionally" or not,
means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are
replaced with a suitable substituent. Unless otherwise indicated,
an "optionally substituted" group may have a suitable substituent
at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one
position in any given structure may be substituted with more than
one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent
may be either the same or different at each position. Combinations
of substituents envisioned under the present description are
preferably those that result in the formation of chemically stable
or chemically feasible compounds. The term "chemically stable", as
used herein, refers to compounds that are not substantially altered
when subjected to conditions to allow for their production,
detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery,
purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed
herein.
[0064] The terms "optionally substituted", "optionally substituted
alkyl," "optionally substituted alkenyl," "optionally substituted
alkynyl", "optionally substituted carbocyclic," "optionally
substituted aryl", "optionally substituted heteroaryl," "optionally
substituted heterocyclic," and any other optionally substituted
group as used herein, refer to groups that are substituted or
unsubstituted by independent replacement of one, two, or three or
more of the hydrogen atoms thereon with substituents including, but
not limited to F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CO.sub.2H, protected alkoxy, oxo,
thiooxo, NO.sub.2, CN, CF.sub.3, NH.sub.2, protected amino,
NHalkyl, NHalkenyl, NHalkynyl, NHcycloalkyl, NHaryl, NHheteroaryl,
NHheterocyclic, dialkylamino, diarylamino, diheteroarylamino,
O-alkyl, O-alkenyl, O-alkynyl, O-cycloalkyl, O-aryl, O-heteroaryl,
O-haloalkyl, O-heterocyclic, C(O)alkyl, C(O)alkenyl, C(O)alkynyl,
C(O)cycloalkyl, C(O)aryl, C(O)heteroaryl, C(O)heterocycloalkyl,
CO.sub.2alkyl, CO.sub.2alkenyl, CO.sub.2alkynyl,
CO.sub.2cycloalkyl, CO.sub.2aryl, CO.sub.2heteroaryl,
CO.sub.2heterocycloalkyl, OC(O)alkyl, OC(O)alkenyl, OC(O)alkynyl,
OC(O)cycloalkyl, OC(O)aryl, OC(O)heteroaryl, OC(O)heterocycloalkyl,
C(O)NH.sub.2, C(O)NHalkyl, C(O)NHalkenyl, C(O)NHalkynyl,
C(O)NHcycloalkyl, C(O)NHaryl, C(O)NHheteroaryl,
C(O)NHheterocycloalkyl, OCO.sub.2alkyl, OCO.sub.2alkenyl,
OCO.sub.2alkynyl, OCO.sub.2cycloalkyl, OCO.sub.2aryl,
OCO.sub.2heteroaryl, OCO.sub.2heterocycloalkyl, OC(O)NH.sub.2,
OC(O)NHalkyl, OC(O)NHalkenyl, OC(O)NHalkynyl, OC(O)NHcycloalkyl,
OC(O)NHaryl, OC(O)NHheteroaryl, OC(O)NHheterocycloalkyl,
NHC(O)alkyl, NHC(O)alkenyl, NHC(O)alkynyl, NHC(O)cycloalkyl,
NHC(O)aryl, NHC(O)heteroaryl, NHC(O)heterocycloalkyl,
NHCO.sub.2alkyl, NHCO.sub.2alkenyl, NHCO.sub.2alkynyl,
NHCO.sub.2cycloalkyl, NHCO.sub.2aryl, NHCO.sub.2heteroaryl,
NHCO.sub.2heterocycloalkyl, NHC(O)NH.sub.2, NHC(O)NHalkyl,
NHC(O)NHalkenyl, NHC(O)NHalkenyl, NHC(O)NHcycloalkyl, NHC(O)NHaryl,
NHC(O)NHheteroaryl, NHC(O)NHheterocycloalkyl, NHC(S)NH.sub.2,
NHC(S)NHalkyl, NHC(S)NHalkenyl, NHC(S)NHalkynyl,
NHC(S)NHcycloalkyl, NHC(S)NHaryl, NHC(S)NHheteroaryl,
NHC(S)NHheterocycloalkyl, NHC(NH)NH.sub.2, NHC(NH)NHalkyl,
NHC(NH)NHalkenyl, NHC(NH)NHalkenyl, NHC(NH)NHcycloalkyl,
NHC(NH)NHaryl, NHC(NH)NHheteroaryl, NHC(NH)NHheterocycloalkyl,
NHC(NH)alkyl, NHC(NH)alkenyl, NHC(NH)alkenyl, NHC(NH)cycloalkyl,
NHC(NH)aryl, NHC(NH)heteroaryl, NHC(NH)heterocycloalkyl,
C(NH)NHalkyl, C(NH)NHalkenyl, C(NH)NHalkynyl, C(NH)NHcycloalkyl,
C(NH)NHaryl, C(NH)NHheteroaryl, C(NH)NHheterocycloalkyl, S(O)alkyl,
S(O)alkenyl, S(O)alkynyl, S(O)cycloalkyl, S(O)aryl,
S(O).sub.2alkyl, S(O).sub.2alkenyl, S(O).sub.2alkynyl,
S(O).sub.2cycloalkyl, S(O).sub.2aryl, S(O)heteroaryl,
S(O)heterocycloalkyl, SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, SO.sub.2NHalkyl,
SO.sub.2NHalkenyl, SO.sub.2NHalkynyl, SO.sub.2NHcycloalkyl,
SO.sub.2N Haryl, SO.sub.2N Hheteroaryl, SO.sub.2N
Hheterocycloalkyl, NHSO.sub.2alkyl, N HSO.sub.2alkenyl,
NHSO.sub.2alkynyl, NHSO.sub.2cycloalkyl, NHSO.sub.2aryl,
NHSO.sub.2heteroaryl, NHSO.sub.2heterocycloalkyl, CH.sub.2NH.sub.2,
CH.sub.2SO.sub.2CH.sub.3, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl,
heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl,
carbocyclic, heterocyclic, polyalkoxyalkyl, polyalkoxy,
methoxymethoxy, methoxyethoxy, SH, S-alkyl, S-alkenyl, S-alkynyl,
S-cycloalkyl, S-aryl, S-heteroaryl, S-heterocycloalkyl, or
methylthiomethyl.
[0065] In certain embodiments, suitable monovalent substituents on
a substitutable carbon atom of an "optionally substituted" group
are independently halogen; (CH.sub.2).sub.0-4R.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4OR.sup..smallcircle.;
O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)OR.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4CH(OR.sup..smallcircle.).sub.2;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4SR.sup..smallcircle.; (CH.sub.2).sub.0-4Ph, which
may be substituted with R.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4Ph which may be substituted
with R.sup..smallcircle.; --CH.dbd.CHPh, which may be substituted
with R.sup..smallcircle.; NO.sub.2; CN; N.sub.3;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4N(R.sup..smallcircle.).sub.2;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(S)R.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)NR.sub.2;
N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(S)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)OR.sup..smallcircle.;
N(R.sup..smallcircle.)N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
N(R.sup..smallcircle.)N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.-
2;
N(R.sup..smallcircle.)N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)OR.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)R.sup..smallcircle.; C(S)R.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)OR.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)SR.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)OSiR.sup..smallcircle..sub.3;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4OC(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
OC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4SR--, SC(S)SR.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4SC(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
C(S)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2; C(S)SR.sup..smallcircle.;
SC(S)SR.sup..smallcircle.,
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4OC(O)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
C(O)N(OR.sup..smallcircle.)R.sup..smallcircle.;
C(O)C(O)R.sup..smallcircle.; C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
C(NOR.sup..smallcircle.)R.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4SSR.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4S(O).sub.2R.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4(O).sub.2OR.sup..smallcircle.;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4OS(O).sub.2R.sup..smallcircle.;
S(O).sub.2NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4S(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
N(R.sup..smallcircle.)S(O).sub.2NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
N(R.sup..smallcircle.)S(O).sub.2R;
N(OR.sup..smallcircle.)R.sup..smallcircle.;
C(NH)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2; P(O).sub.2R.sup..smallcircle.;
P(O)R.sup..smallcircle..sub.2; OP(O)R.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
OP(O)(OR.sup..smallcircle.).sub.2; SiR.sup..smallcircle..sub.3;
(straight or branched
C.sub.1-4alkylene)O--N(R.sup..smallcircle.).sub.2; or (straight or
branched C.sub.1-4alkylene)C(O)O--N(R.sup..smallcircle.).sub.2,
wherein each R.sup..smallcircle. may be substituted as defined
below and is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-4aliphatic,
CH.sub.2Ph, O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-1Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated,
partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms
independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or,
notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrences
of R.sup..smallcircle., taken together with their intervening
atom(s), may form a 3 to 12 membered saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aryl mono- or bicyclic ring having 0 to 4
heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, which may be substituted as defined below.
[0066] Examples of monovalent substituents on R.sup..smallcircle.
(or the ring formed by taking two independent occurrences of
R.sup..smallcircle. together with their intervening atoms), are
independently halogen, --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2R*, -(haloR*),
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2OH, --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2OR*,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2CH(OR*).sub.2, --O(haloR'), --CN, --N.sub.3,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2C(O)R*, --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2C(O)OH,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2C(O)OR*, --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2SR*,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2SH, --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2NH.sub.2,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2NHR*, --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2NR*.sub.2,
--NO.sub.2, --SiR*.sub.3, --OSiR*.sub.3, --C(O)SR*
--(C.sub.1-4straight or branched alkylene)C(O)OR*, or --SSR*,
wherein each R* is unsubstituted or where preceded by "halo" is
substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently
selected from C.sub.1-4 aliphatic, --CH.sub.2Ph,
--O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-1Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Suitable divalent
substituents on a saturated carbon atom of R.sup..smallcircle.
include .dbd.O and .dbd.S.
[0067] Examples of divalent substituents on a saturated carbon atom
of an "optionally substituted" group include the following: .dbd.O,
.dbd.S, .dbd.NNR*.sub.2, .dbd.NNHC(O)R*, .dbd.NNHC(O)OR*,
.dbd.NNHS(O).sub.2R*, .dbd.NR*, .dbd.NOR*,
--O(C(R*.sub.2)).sub.2-30--, or --S(C(R*.sub.2)).sub.2-3S--,
wherein each independent occurrence of R* is selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined
below, or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Suitable divalent
substituents that are bound to vicinal substitutable carbons of an
"optionally substituted" group include: --O(CR.sub.2).sub.2-30--,
wherein each independent occurrence of R is selected from hydrogen,
C.sub.1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, or
an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or
aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0068] Exemplary substituents on the aliphatic group of R* include
halogen, --R*, -(haloR*), --OH, --OR*, --O(haloR'), --CN, --C(O)OH,
--C(O)OR*, --NH.sub.2, --NHR*, --NR*.sub.2, or --NO.sub.2, wherein
each R* is unsubstituted or where preceded by "halo" is substituted
only with one or more halogens, and is independently C.sub.1-4
aliphatic, --CH.sub.2Ph, --O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-1 Ph, or a
5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having
0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur.
[0069] The expression "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to
those salts of the compounds formed by the process of the present
description which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment,
suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower
animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and
the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk
ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art.
For example, S. M. Berge, et al. describes pharmaceutically
acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19
(1977). The salts can be prepared in situ during the final
isolation and purification of the compounds of the present
description, or separately by reacting a free base function of the
compound with a suitable organic or inorganic acid (acid addition
salts) or by reacting an acidic function of the compound with a
suitable organic or inorganic base (base-addition salts). Examples
of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited
to, nontoxic acid addition salts, or salts of an amino group formed
with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid,
phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic
acids such as acetic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid,
succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the
art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts
include, but are not limited to, adipate, alginate, ascorbate,
aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate,
camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate,
digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate,
glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate,
heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate,
lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate,
malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate,
nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate,
persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate,
propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate,
p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like.
Representative base addition alkali or alkaline earth metal salts
include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium salts,
and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include,
when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine
cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide,
carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfonate and aryl
sulfonate.
[0070] The term "solvate" refers to a physical association of one
of the present compounds with one or more solvent molecules. This
physical association includes hydrogen bonding. In certain
instances, the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example
when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal
lattice of a crystalline solid. "Solvate" encompasses both
solution-phase and isolable solvates. Exemplary solvates include,
without limitation, hydrates, hemihydrates, ethanolates,
hemiethanolates, n-propanolates, iso-propanolates, 1-butanolates,
2-butanolate, and solvates of other physiologically acceptable
solvents, such as the Clas 3 solvents described in the
International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), Guide for
Industry, Q3C Impurities: Residual Solvents (1997). The compounds
as herein described also include each of their solvates and
mixtures thereof.
[0071] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable ester"
refers to esters of the compounds formed by the process of the
present description which hydrolyze in vivo and include those that
break down readily in the human body to leave the parent compound
or a salt thereof. Suitable ester groups include, for example,
those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable aliphatic carboxylic
acids, particularly alkanoic, alkenoic, cycloalkanoic and
alkanedioic acids, in which each alkyl or alkenyl moiety
advantageously has not more than 6 carbon atoms. Examples of
particular esters include, but are not limited to, formates,
acetates, propionates, butyrates, acrylates and
ethylsuccinates.
[0072] The expression "pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs" as
used herein refers to those prodrugs of the compounds formed by the
process of the present description which are, within the scope of
sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the
tissues of humans and lower animals with undue toxicity,
irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a
reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended
use. "Prodrug", as used herein means a compound which is
convertible in vivo by metabolic means (e.g. by hydrolysis) to
afford any compound delineated by the formulae of the instant
description. Various forms of prodrugs are known in the art, for
example, as discussed in Bundgaard, (ed.), Design of Prodrugs,
Elsevier (1985); Widder, et al. (ed.), Methods in Enzymology, vol.
4, Academic Press (1985); Krogsgaard-Larsen, et al., (ed). "Design
and Application of Prodrugs, Textbook of Drug Design and
Development", Chapter 5, 113-191 (1991); Bundgaard, et al., Journal
of Drug Deliver Reviews, 8:1-38(1992); Bundgaard, J. of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 77:285 et seq. (1988); Higuchi and Stella
(eds.) Prodrugs as Novel Drug Delivery Systems, American Chemical
Society (1975); and Bernard Testa & Joachim Mayer, "Hydrolysis
In Drug And Prodrug Metabolism: Chemistry, Biochemistry And
Enzymology", John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. (2002).
[0073] Combinations of substituents and variables envisioned by the
present description are only those that result in the formation of
stable compounds. The term "stable", as used herein, refers to
compounds which possess stability sufficient to allow manufacture
and which maintains the integrity of the compound for a sufficient
period of time to be useful for the purposes detailed herein (e.g.,
therapeutic or prophylactic administration to a subject).
ii. Compounds
[0074] The compounds of the present application may be prepared by
conventional chemical synthesis, such as exemplified in General
Synthetic Schemes and in Examples 1 to 27. As can be appreciated by
the skilled artisan, further methods of synthesizing the compounds
of the formulae herein will be evident to those of ordinary skill
in the art. Additionally, the various synthetic steps may be
performed in an alternate sequence or order to give the desired
compounds. In addition, the solvents, temperatures, reaction
durations, etc. delineated herein are for purposes of illustration
only and one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that
variation of the reaction conditions can produce the desired
products of the present description. Synthetic chemistry
transformations and/or protecting group methodologies (protection
and deprotection) useful in synthesizing the compounds described
herein are known in the art and include, for example, those such as
described in R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH
Publishers (1989); T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective
Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2d. Ed., John Wiley and Sons (1991);
L. Fieser and M. Fieser, Fieserand Fieser's Reagents for Organic
Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1994); and L. Paquette, ed.,
Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons
(1995), and subsequent editions thereof. The synthesized compounds
can be separated from a reaction mixture and further purified by
standard methods such as column chromatography, high pressure
liquid chromatography, or recrystallization.
[0075] The compounds of the present description may be modified by
appending various functionalities via any synthetic means
delineated herein to enhance selective biological properties. Such
modifications are known in the art and include those which increase
biological penetration into a given biological system (e.g., blood,
lymphatic system, central nervous system), increase oral
availability, increase solubility to allow administration by
injection, alter metabolism and alter rate of excretion.
[0076] The recitation of a listing of chemical groups in any
definition of a variable herein includes definitions of that
variable as any single group or combination of listed groups. The
recitation of an embodiment for a variable herein includes that
embodiment as any single embodiment or in combination with any
other embodiments or portions thereof. The recitation of an
embodiment herein includes that embodiment as any single embodiment
or in combination with any other embodiments or portions thereof.
As such, the following embodiments are present alone or in
combination if applicable:
[0077] The present application provides substituted
[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine compounds of general Formula I, as
well as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, esters
or prodrugs thereof:
##STR00007##
[0078] wherein: [0079] R.sup.1 is --C(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b)(R.sup.c),
where R.sup.a and R.sup.b independently represent hydrogen or a
linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, or R.sup.a and R.sup.b are
linked together to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl or a 3-7
membered heterocycloalkyl, and R.sup.c is linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl,
C.sub.6-C.sub.10aryl, 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-8 membered
heteroaryl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, (3-7
membered heterocycloalkyl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl,
(C.sub.6-C.sub.10aryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl or (5-8 membered
heteroaryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; [0080] R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are
each independently hydrogen, halogen, linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkoxy,
--C(O)R.sup.6, --NH.sub.2, --NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6'),
--C(O)NH.sub.2, --C(O)NH(R.sup.6), --C(O)N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6') or
--NHC(O)R.sup.6; [0081] one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen,
halogen, a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, --C(O)R.sup.6,
--NH.sub.2, --NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6'), --C(O)NH.sub.2,
--C(O)NH(R.sup.6), --C(O)N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6') or --NHC(O)R.sup.6;
and the other of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a group of Formula II:
[0081] ##STR00008## [0082] wherein: [0083] X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and
X.sup.3 are each independently N or C, wherein when X.sup.1,
X.sup.2 or X.sup.3 is N, then the R.sup.7, R.sup.8 or R.sup.10
attached thereto is absent, provided that at least two of X.sup.1,
X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 is C; [0084] R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are
each independently hydrogen, halogen (such as F, Cl), CN, linear or
branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl,
--OR.sup.6, --SR.sup.6, --NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6)(R.sup.6'),
--NHC(O)R.sup.6 or --N(R.sup.6)C(O)R.sup.6', provided that at least
one of R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 is other than hydrogen; [0085]
R.sup.9 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.5cycloalkyl
group; [0086] R.sup.6 and R.sup.6', which are the same or
different, represent a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl
group; [0087] and [0088] each alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl,
heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl is unsubstituted or
substituted.
[0089] In one embodiment, when a substituent in Formula I comprises
an alkyl group, this group can be unsubstituted or substituted with
1 to 3 groups being halogen, CN, alkoxy or haloalkoxy. In another
embodiment, when a substituent in Formula I comprises a cycloalkyl,
aryl, heterocycloalkyl and/or heteroaryl group, such group can be
unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 groups being halogen, CN,
alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy.
[0090] According to one embodiment, R.sup.1 is
--C(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b)(R.sup.c), where R.sup.a is H or methyl,
R.sup.b is H or methyl, or R.sup.a and R.sup.b are linked together
to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl or a 3-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen,
CN, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy, and R.sup.c is
(C.sub.5-C.sub.6aryl)C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl or a group cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl,
imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,
oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, [1,3]dioxolane,
pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl,
imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxazolidinyl,
isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl,
tetrahydrofuryl or tetrahydropyranyl, each group
R.sup..smallcircle. being optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen,
alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy.
[0091] According to another embodiment, R.sup.1 is
--C(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b)(R.sup.c), where R.sup.a is H or methyl,
R.sup.b is H or methyl, or R.sup.a and R.sup.b are linked together
to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl or a 3-6 membered
heterocycloalkyl, and R.sup.c is benzyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or
tetrahydropyranyl, each group R.sup.c being optionally substituted
by 1 to 3 halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy.
[0092] In yet another embodiment, R.sup.1 is
--C(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b)(R.sup.c), where R.sup.a is H or methyl,
R.sup.b is H or methyl, or R.sup.a and R.sup.b are linked together
to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl, and R.sup.c is benzyl,
cyclohexyl, phenyl or tetrahydropyranyl, each group R.sup.c being
optionally substituted by 1 or 2 halogen being F or Cl, methyl or
--CF.sub.3.
[0093] Examples of R.sup.1 groups can include, without being
limited to, the following groups:
##STR00009## ##STR00010##
[0094] wherein X is F or Cl.
[0095] In some embodiments, the R.sup.1 group can be selected from
one of the following groups:
##STR00011## ##STR00012##
[0096] In one embodiment, R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 represent
hydrogen.
[0097] In another embodiment, R.sup.4 is a group of Formula II:
##STR00013##
[0098] In yet another embodiment, X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 in
Formula II are all carbon atoms.
[0099] In another embodiment, X.sup.1 is a nitrogen atom and
R.sup.10 is absent, and X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are carbon atoms.
[0100] According to one embodiment, R.sup.9 is an unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.5cycloalkyl group. R.sup.9
can more particularly be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or
cyclopropyl.
[0101] In some embodiment, where X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are carbon
atoms, R.sup.7 and R.sup.10 are each hydrogen atoms and R.sup.8 is
Cl, CN, NHR.sup.6 or a substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl group.
[0102] The group of Formula II can for instance be defined as the
following group:
##STR00014##
[0103] In another embodiment, the present application relates to
compounds of Formula III, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
solvates, esters or prodrugs thereof:
##STR00015## [0104] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as
defined herein.
[0105] According to one embodiment, the application relates to
compounds of Formula III as herein defined, wherein R.sup.4 is a
group of Formula II.
[0106] Another embodiment of the application relates to compounds
of Formula IIIa, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates,
esters or prodrugs thereof:
##STR00016## [0107] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and
R.sup.10 are as defined herein.
[0108] According to one embodiment, the application relates to
compounds of Formula IIIa as herein defined, wherein R.sup.9 is an
unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkyl or C.sub.3-C.sub.5cycloalkyl
group. For instance, R.sup.9 can be selected from methyl,
trifluoromethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or cyclopropyl.
[0109] According to another embodiment, the application relates to
compounds of Formula IIIa as herein defined, wherein R.sup.7 and
R.sup.10 are each hydrogen atoms and R.sup.8 is Cl, CN, NHR.sup.6
or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl or
C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl group.
[0110] In a further embodiment, Formula IIIa is such that R.sup.8
and R.sup.9 are each independently a methyl, ethyl, isopropyl,
fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclopropyl or
difluorocyclopropyl group.
[0111] According to yet another embodiment, the application also
relates to compounds of Formula IIIb, and pharmaceutically
acceptable salts, solvates, esters or prodrugs thereof:
##STR00017## [0112] wherein R.sup.1 is as defined herein.
[0113] In a further embodiment, this application relates to a
compound selected from Compounds 1 to 27 as defined in Table 1
below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug
thereof.
TABLE-US-00001 ##STR00018## Compound 1 ##STR00019## Compound 2
##STR00020## Compound 3 ##STR00021## Compound 4 ##STR00022##
Compound 5 ##STR00023## Compound 6 ##STR00024## Compound 7
##STR00025## Compound 8 ##STR00026## Compound 9 ##STR00027##
Compound 10 ##STR00028## Compound 11 ##STR00029## Compound 12
##STR00030## Compound 13 ##STR00031## Compound 14 ##STR00032##
Compound 15 ##STR00033## Compound 16 ##STR00034## Compound 17
##STR00035## Compound 18 ##STR00036## Compound 19 ##STR00037##
Compound 20 ##STR00038## Compound 21 ##STR00039## Compound 22
##STR00040## Compound 23 ##STR00041## Compound 24 ##STR00042##
Compound 25 ##STR00043## Compound 26 ##STR00044## Compound 27
iii. Methods, Uses, Formulations and Administration
[0114] As used herein, the term "effective amount" means that
amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the
biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human
that is being sought, for instance, by a researcher or clinician.
Furthermore, the term "therapeutically effective amount" means any
amount which, as compared to a corresponding subject who has not
received such amount, results in treatment, healing, prevention, or
amelioration of a disease, disorder, or side effect, or a decrease
in the rate of advancement of a disease or disorder. The term also
includes within its scope amounts effective to enhance normal
physiological function.
[0115] As used herein, the terms "treatment," "treat," and
"treating" refer to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of,
or inhibiting the progress of a disease or disorder, or one or more
symptoms thereof, as described herein. In some embodiments,
treatment may be administered after one or more symptoms have
developed. In other embodiments, treatment may be administered in
the absence of symptoms. For example, treatment may be administered
to a susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g.,
in light of a history of symptoms and/or in light of genetic or
other susceptibility factors). Treatment may also be continued
after symptoms have resolved, for example to prevent or delay their
recurrence.
[0116] As used herein, the term "bromodomain inhibitor" denotes a
compound which inhibits the binding of a bromodomain with its
cognate acetylated proteins. In one embodiment the bromodomain
inhibitor is a compound which inhibits the binding of a bromodomain
to acetylated lysine residues. In a further embodiment the
bromodomain inhibitor is a compound which inhibits the binding of a
bromodomain to acetylated lysine residues on histones, particularly
histones H3 and H4.
[0117] In a particular embodiment the bromodomain inhibitor is a
compound that inhibits the binding of BET family bromodomains to
acetylated lysine residues (hereafter referred to as a "BET family
bromodomain inhibitor"). The BET family of bromodomain containing
proteins comprises 4 proteins (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRD-t) which
contain tandem bromodomains capable of binding to two acetylated
lysine residues in close proximity, increasing the specificity of
the interaction.
[0118] As used herein, the term "inhibitor" is defined as a
compound that binds to and/or inhibits the target
bromodomain-containing protein (such as a BET protein, e.g., BRD2,
BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT) with measurable affinity.
[0119] The terms "measurable affinity" and "measurably inhibit," as
used herein, means a measurable change in activity of at least one
bromodomain-containing protein between a sample comprising a
provided compound, or composition thereof, and at least one histone
methyltransferase, and an equivalent sample comprising at least one
bromodomain-containing protein, in the absence of said compound, or
composition thereof.
[0120] The term "patient or subject" as used herein refers to a
mammal. A subject therefore refers to, for example, dogs, cats,
horses, cows, pigs, guinea pigs, and the like. Preferably the
subject is a human. When the subject is a human, the subject may be
either a patient or a healthy human.
[0121] In some embodiments, the disease or condition can be an
auto-immune disorder, an inflammatory disorder, a dermal disorder,
or cancer. In some optional embodiments, the disease or condition
can be an auto-immune disorder. In some other optional embodiments,
the disease or condition can be an inflammatory disorder. In
further optional embodiments, the inflammatory disorder can be
rheumatoid arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, or psoriasis.
[0122] In some other optional embodiments, the disease or condition
can be cancer. In further optional embodiments, the cancer can be
brain cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, or
prostate cancer. In further optional embodiments, the cancer can be
brain cancer. In further optional embodiments, the brain cancer is
glioblastoma multiforme.
[0123] In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group
consisting of: brain (gliomas), glioblastomas, leukemias,
lymphomas, Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, Cowden disease,
Lhermitte-Duclos disease, breast, inflammatory breast cancer,
Wilm's tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, ependymoma,
medulloblastoma, colon, gastric, bladder, head and neck, kidney,
lung, liver, melanoma, renal, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate,
sarcoma, osteosarcoma, giant cell tumor of bone and thyroid.
[0124] In some embodiments, the disorder can be a proliferative
disorder, inflammatory disease, sepsis, autoimmune disease, or
viral infection. In some optional embodiments, the proliferative
disorder can be cancer.
[0125] The term "proliferative disorder" refers to cells having the
capacity for autonomous growth, i.e., an abnormal state of
condition characterized by rapidly proliferating cell growth which
generally forms a distinct mass that show partial or total lack of
structural organization and functional coordination with normal
tissue.
[0126] The terms "neoplasm", "neoplastic disorder", "neoplasia",
"cancer," and "tumor" are meant to encompass hematopoietic
neoplasms (e.g. lymphomas or leukemias) as well as solid neoplasms
(e.g. sarcomas or carcinomas), including all types of pre-cancerous
and cancerous growths, or oncogenic processes, metastatic tissues
or malignantly transformed cells, tissues, or organs, irrespective
of histopathologic type or stage of invasiveness. Hematopoietic
neoplasms are malignant tumors affecting hematopoietic structures
(structures pertaining to the formation of blood cells) and
components of the immune system, including leukemias (related to
leukocytes (white blood cells) and their precursors in the blood
and bone marrow) arising from myeloid, lymphoid or erythroid
lineages, and lymphomas (related to lymphocytes). Solid neoplasms
include sarcomas, which are malignant neoplasms that originate from
connective tissues such as muscle, cartilage, blood vessels,
fibrous tissue, fat or bone.
[0127] Solid neoplasms also include carcinomas, which are malignant
neoplasms arising from epithelial structures, including external
epithelia (e.g., skin and linings of the gastrointestinal tract,
lungs, and cervix), and internal epithelia that line various glands
(e.g., breast, pancreas, thyroid). Examples of neoplasms include
leukemia, and hepatocellular cancers, sarcoma, vascular endothelial
cancers, breast cancers, central nervous system cancers (e.g.
astrocytoma, gliosarcoma, neuroblastoma, oligodendroglioma and
glioblastoma), prostate cancers, lung and bronchus cancers, larynx
cancers, esophagus cancers, colon cancers, colorectal cancers,
gastro-intestinal cancers, melanomas, ovarian and endometrial
cancer, renal and bladder cancer, liver cancer, endocrine cancer
(e.g. thyroid), and pancreatic cancer.
[0128] In some aspects, examples of cancers treated using the
compounds and methods described herein include, but are not limited
to, acinic cell carcinoma, acoustic neuroma, acral lentiginous
melanoma, acrospiroma, acute eosinophilic leukemia, acute erythroid
leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia,
acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute
myelogenous leukemia, acute myelognous leukemia, acute
promyelocytic leukemia, adrenal cancer, adenocarcinoma, adenoid
cystic carcinoma, adenoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor,
adenosquamous carcinoma, adipose tissue neoplasm, adrenal cancer,
adrenocortical carcinoma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma,
aggressive NK-cell leukemia, AIDS-related lymphoma, alveolar
rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, ameloblastic fibroma,
anaplastic large cell lymphoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer,
angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, angiomyolipoma, angiosarcoma,
astrocytoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, Bannayan-Zonana
syndrome, basal cell carcinoma, B-cell chronic lymphocytic
leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, biliary
tract cancer, bladder, bladder cancer, blastoma, bone cancer, brain
(gliomas), brain cancer, breast, breast cancer, Brenner tumor,
Brown tumor, Burkitt's lymphoma, carcinoma, carcinoma in situ,
carcinosarcoma, cartilage tumor, cementoma, cervical cancer,
chondroma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, choroid plexus papilloma,
chronic lymphocytic leukemia, clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney,
colon, colorectal cancer, Cowden disease, craniopharyngioma,
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Degos disease, desmoplastic small round
cell tumor, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysembryoplastic
neuroepithelial tumor, dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, endocrine
gland neoplasm, endodermal sinus tumor, enteropathy-associated
T-cell lymphoma, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, Ewing's sarcoma,
fetus in fetu, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, follicular lymphoma,
follicular thyroid cancer, gallbladder cancer, ganglioneuroma,
gastric, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, germ cell tumor,
gestational choriocarcinoma, giant cell fibroblastoma, giant cell
tumor of bone and thyroid, giant cell tumor of the bone, glial
tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, glioblastomas, glioma, gliomatosis
cerebri, glucagonoma, gonadoblastoma, granulosa cell tumor,
gynandroblastoma, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck, head and neck
cancer, hemangioblastoma, hemangiopericytoma, hematological
malignancy, hepatoblastoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma,
Hodgkin's lymphoma, inflammatory breast cancer, intestinal cancer,
invasive lobular carcinoma, kidney, kidney cancer, laryngeal
cancer, lentigo maligna, lethal midline carcinoma, leukemia,
leukemias, leydig cell tumor, Lhermitte-Duclos disease,
liposarcoma, liver, liver cancer, lung, lung cancer, lymphangio
sarcoma, lymphangioma, lymphoepithelioma, lymphoma, lymphomas,
malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath
tumor, malignant triton tumor, MALT lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma,
marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, mast cell leukemia, mediastinal germ
cell tumor, medullary carcinoma of the breast, medullary thyroid
cancer, medulloblastoma, melanoma, meningioma, merkel cell cancer,
mesothelioma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma, mixed Mullerian
tumor, mucinous tumor, multiple myeloma, muscle tissue neoplasm,
mycosis fungoides, myeloid sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, myxoma,
myxosarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neurinoma, neuroblastoma,
neurofibroma, neuroma, nodular melanoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
non-small cell lung cancer, ocular cancer, oligoastrocytoma,
oligodendroglioma, oncocytoma, optic nerve sheath meningioma, optic
nerve tumor, oral cancer, osteosarcoma, ovarian, ovarian cancer,
Pancoast tumor, pancreatic, pancreatic cancer, papillary thyroid
cancer, paraganglioma, pharyngeal cancer, pinealoblastoma,
pineocytoma, pituicytoma, pituitary adenoma, pituitary tumor,
plasmacytoma, polyembryoma, precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma,
primary central nervous system lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma,
primary peritoneal cancer, prostate, prostate cancer, pseudomyxoma
peritonei, rectal cancer, renal, renal cell carcinoma, renal
medullary carcinoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma,
Richter's transformation, sarcoma, Schwannomatosis, seminoma,
Sertoli cell tumor, sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, Sezary's
disease, signet ring cell carcinoma, skin cancer, small blue round
cell tumors, small cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, small
intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, somatostatinoma, soot wart,
spinal tumor, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, squamous carcinoma,
squamous cell carcinoma, stomach cancer, synovial sarcoma, T-cell
lymphoma, testicular cancer, thecoma, throat cancer, thyroid
cancer, transitional cell carcinoma, urachal cancer, urogenital
cancer, urothelial carcinoma, uterine cancer, uveal melanoma,
vaginal cancer, verrucous carcinoma, visual pathway glioma, vulvar
cancer, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, Warthin's tumor, and
Wilm's tumor.
[0129] In some embodiments, the cancer can be adenocarcinoma, adult
T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, bladder cancer, blastoma, bone cancer,
breast cancer, brain cancer, carcinoma, myeloid sarcoma, cervical
cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastrointestinal
cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, glioma, gallbladder cancer,
gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma,
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, intestinal cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal
cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, liver cancer, small cell
lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, mesothelioma, multiple
myeloma, ocular cancer, optic nerve tumor, oral cancer, ovarian
cancer, pituitary tumor, primary central nervous system lymphoma,
prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, pharyngeal cancer, renal cell
carcinoma, rectal cancer, sarcoma, skin cancer, spinal tumor, small
intestine cancer, stomach cancer, T-cell lymphoma, testicular
cancer, thyroid cancer, throat cancer, urogenital cancer,
urothelial carcinoma, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, or Wilms'
tumor. In some other embodiments, the cancer can be acute
myelognous leukemia or Burkitt's lymphoma.
[0130] In some embodiments, the autoimmune and inflammatory
diseases or conditions can involve an inflammatory response to
infections with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites or their
toxins, as well as viruses. In some other embodiments, the
autoimmune and inflammatory diseases or conditions can be selected
from the group consisting of acute lung injury, acute pancreatitis,
acute renal failure, ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome),
burns, coronavirus, encephalitis, endotoxaemia, fulminant
hepatitis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, Herxheimer reactions,
malaria and SIRS associated with viral infections such as
influenza, meningitis, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, myelitis,
post-surgical syndromes, sarcoidosis, sepsis, sepsis syndrome,
septic shock, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), toxic
shock syndrome.
[0131] In some embodiments, the present description provides a
method of treating other conditions. Such other conditions include,
but are not limited to, acne, acute inflammatory responses (such as
acute respiratory distress syndrome and ischemia/reperfusion
injury, glioblastoma, Graves' disease, HIV, HPV, inflammatory
disease, keloids and related scarring, lung cancer, meningitis
(bacterial and viral), multiple sclerosis, neoplasm, neuroblastoma,
pancreatic cancer, scleroderma, skin cancer, toxic shock, viral
infections, viral infections and diseases.
[0132] In some embodiments, the present description provides a
method of treating a benign proliferative disorder. Such benign
proliferative disorders include, but are not limited to, benign
soft tissue tumors, bone tumors, brain and spinal tumors, eyelid
and orbital tumors, granuloma, lipoma, meningioma, multiple
endocrine neoplasia, nasal polyps, pituitary tumors, prolactinoma,
pseudotumor cerebri, seborrheic keratoses, stomach polyps, thyroid
nodules, cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, hemangiomas, vocal cord
nodules, polyps, and cysts, Castleman disease, chronic pilonidal
disease, dermatofibroma, pilar cyst, prolactinoma, pseudotumor
cerebri, pyogenic granuloma, and juvenile polyposis syndrome.
[0133] The present description further relates to a method for
treating infectious and noninfectious inflammatory events and
autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases by administration of an
effective amount of a provided compound to a mammal, in particular
a human in need of such treatment. Examples of autoimmune and
inflammatory diseases, disorders, and syndromes treated using the
compounds and methods described herein include inflammatory pelvic
disease, urethritis, skin sunburn, sinusitis, pneumonitis,
encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, nephritis, osteomyelitis,
myositis, hepatitis, gastritis, enteritis, dermatitis, gingivitis,
appendicitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, agammaglobulinemia,
psoriasis, allergy, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome,
ulcerative colitis, Sjogren's disease, tissue graft rejection,
hyperacute rejection of transplanted organs, asthma, allergic
rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune
polyglandular disease (also known as autoimmune polyglandular
syndrome), autoimmune alopecia, pernicious anemia,
glomerulonephritis, dermatomyositis, multiple sclerosis,
scleroderma, vasculitis, autoimmune hemolytic and thrombocytopenic
states, Goodpasture's syndrome, atherosclerosis, Addison's disease,
Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Type I diabetes, septic
shock, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis,
psoriatic arthritis, juvenile arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia,
myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, atopic dermatitis,
degenerative joint disease, vitiligo, autoimmune hypopituitarism,
Guillain-Barre syndrome, Behcet's disease, scleracierma, mycosis
fungoides, acute inflammatory responses (such as acute respiratory
distress syndrome and ischemia/reperfusion injury), and Graves'
disease. Other examples of infectious and noninfectious
inflammatory events, autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases
include, but are not limited to, Addison's disease,
agammaglobulinemia, allergic rhinitis, allergy, Alzheimer's
disease, appendicitis, asthma, atherosclerosis, atopic dermatitis,
autoimmune alopecia, autoimmune hemolytic and thrombocytopenic
states, autoimmune hypopituitarism, autoimmune polyglandular
disease (also known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome), Behcet's
disease, cholecystitis, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic
purpura, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Crohn's
disease, degenerative joint disease, dermatitis, dermatomyositis,
encephalitis, enteritis, gastritis, gingivitis, glomerulonephritis,
Goodpasture's syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hashimoto's
thyroiditis, hepatitis, hyperacute rejection of transplanted
organs, inflammatory pelvic disease, irritable bowel syndrome,
juvenile arthritis, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia
gravis, mycosis fungoides, myocarditis, myositis, nephritis,
osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease,
pernicious anemia, pneumonitis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis,
rheumatoid arthritis, scleracierma, scleroderma, septic shock,
sinusitis, Sjogren's disease, skin sunburn, systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE), tissue graft rejection, Type I diabetes,
ulcerative colitis, urethritis, vasculitis, vitiligo, and
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
[0134] In some embodiments, the present description provides a
method of treating systemic inflammatory response syndromes such as
LPS-induced endotoxic shock and/or bacteria-induced sepsis by
administration of an effective amount of a provided compound to a
mammal, in particular a human in need of such treatment.
[0135] The present description further relates to a method for
treating viral infections and diseases by administration of an
effective amount of a provided compound to a mammal, in particular
a human in need of such treatment. Examples of viral infections and
diseases treated using the compounds and methods described herein
include episome-based DNA viruses including, but not limited to,
human papillomavirus, Herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human
immunodeficiency virus, hepatis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.
[0136] The present description further relates to a method of
treating a subject, such as a human, suffering from one of the
abovementioned conditions, illnesses, disorders or diseases. The
method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount
of one or more provided compounds, which function by inhibiting a
bromodomain and, in general, by modulating gene expression, to
induce various cellular effects, in particular induction or
repression of gene expression, arresting cell proliferation,
inducing cell differentiation and/or inducing apoptosis, to a
subject in need of such treatment.
[0137] The present description further provides a therapeutic
method of modulating protein methylation, gene expression, cell
proliferation, cell differentiation and/or apoptosis in vivo in
diseases mentioned above, in particular cancer, inflammatory
disease, and/or viral disease comprising administering to a subject
in need of such therapy a pharmacologically active and
therapeutically effective amount of one or more provided
compounds.
[0138] The present description further provides a method of
regulating endogenous or heterologous promoter activity by
contacting a cell with a provided compound.
[0139] In certain embodiments, the present description provides a
method of treating a disorder (as described herein) in a subject,
comprising administering to the subject identified as in need
thereof, a compound of the present description. The identification
of those patients who are in need of treatment for the disorders
described above is well within the ability and knowledge of one
skilled in the art. Certain of the methods for identification of
patients which are at risk of developing the above disorders which
can be treated by the subject method are appreciated in the medical
arts, such as family history, and the presence of risk factors
associated with the development of that disease state in the
subject patient. A clinician skilled in the art can readily
identify such candidate patients, by the use of, for example,
clinical tests, physical examination and medical/family
history.
[0140] A method of assessing the efficacy of a treatment in a
subject includes determining the pre-treatment extent of a disorder
by methods well known in the art (e.g., determining tumor size or
screening for tumor markers where the cell proliferative disorder
is cancer) and then administering a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound of the present description, to the subject.
After an appropriate period of time after the administration of the
compound (e.g., 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, one month, six months), the
extent of the disorder is determined again. The modulation (e.g.,
decrease) of the extent or invasiveness of the disorder indicates
efficacy of the treatment. The extent or invasiveness of the
disorder may be determined periodically throughout treatment. For
example, the extent or invasiveness of the disorder may be checked
every few hours, days or weeks to assess the further efficacy of
the treatment. A decrease in extent or invasiveness of the disorder
indicates that the treatment is efficacious. The method described
may be used to screen or select patients that may benefit from
treatment with a compound of the present description.
[0141] According to one aspect, there is provided a method for
identifying compounds for use in treating autoimmune and
inflammatory diseases or conditions which comprises the step of
determining whether the compound inhibits the binding of a
bromodomain with its cognate acetylated protein.
[0142] According to another embodiment, the description provides a
method of inhibiting a bromodomain-containing protein (such as a
BET protein, e.g., BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT) using a
composition comprising a compound of the present description or a
pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle. The
amount of a compound of the present description in a provided
composition is such that is effective to measurably inhibit one or
more bromodomain-containing proteins (such as a BET protein, e.g.,
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT), or a mutant thereof, in a
biological sample or in a patient. In certain embodiments, the
amount of compound in a provided composition is such that is
effective to measurably inhibit one or more bromodomain-containing
proteins (such as a BET protein, e.g., BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT), or a mutant thereof, in a biological sample or in a patient.
In certain embodiments, a provided composition is formulated for
administration to a patient in need of such composition. In some
embodiments, a provided composition is formulated for oral
administration to a patient.
[0143] In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount of
a compound as defined herein can be administered to a patient alone
or admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or
vehicle.
[0144] The expression "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,
adjuvant, or vehicle" and equivalent expressions, refer to a
non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that does not destroy the
pharmacological activity of the compound with which it is
formulated. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants or
vehicles that may be used in the compositions of this disclosure
include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum
stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin,
buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid,
potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated
vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as
protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen
phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium
trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances,
polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates,
waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene
glycol and wool fat.
[0145] A "pharmaceutically acceptable derivative" means any
non-toxic salt, ester, salt of an ester, prodrug, salt of a
prodrug, or other derivative of a compound of the present
description that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of
providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of the present
description or an inhibitory active metabolite or residue
thereof.
[0146] As used herein, the term "inhibitory active metabolite or
residue thereof" means that a metabolite or residue thereof is also
an inhibitor of one or more bromodomain-containing protein(s) (such
as a BET protein, e.g., BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT), or a mutant
thereof.
[0147] Compositions described herein may be administered orally,
parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally,
buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. The term
"parenteral" as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous,
intramuscular, intraarticular, intrasynovial, intrasternal,
intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection
or infusion techniques. Other modes of administration also include
intradermal or transdermal administration.
[0148] Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are
not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions,
microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In
addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may
contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for
example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and
emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl
carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate,
propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in
particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and
sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene
glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.
Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include
adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending
agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
[0149] Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable
aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to
the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and
suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a
sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic
parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a
solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and
solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P.
and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed
oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including
synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as
oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.
[0150] Injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by
filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by
incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid
compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water
or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.
[0151] In order to prolong the effect of a provided compound, it is
often desirable to slow the absorption of the compound from
subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This may be accomplished
by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous
material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the
compound then depends upon its rate of dissolution that, in turn,
may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively,
delayed absorption of a parenterally administered compound form is
accomplished by dissolving or suspending the compound in an oil
vehicle. Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule
matrices of the compound in biodegradable polymers such as
polylactide-polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of compound to
polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate
of compound release can be controlled.
[0152] Examples of other biodegradable polymers include
poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable
formulations are also prepared by entrapping the compound in
liposomes or microemulsions that are compatible with body
tissues.
[0153] Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are
preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the
compounds of the present description with suitable non-irritating
excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or
a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid
at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal
cavity and release the active compound.
[0154] Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules,
tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms,
the active compound is mixed with at least one inert,
pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium
citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such
as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid,
b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates,
gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone (PVP), sucrose, and acacia, c)
humectants such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as
agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic
acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution
retarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such
as quaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for
example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents
such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and i) lubricants such as talc,
calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols,
sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of
capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may also comprise
buffering agents.
[0155] Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as
fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such
excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular
weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of
tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared
with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other
coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may
optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a
composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or
preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract,
optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions
that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid
compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in
soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as
lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene
glycols and the like.
[0156] Provided compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form
with one or more excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms
of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared
with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release
controlling coatings and other coatings well known in the
pharmaceutical formulating art. In such solid dosage forms the
active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such
as sucrose, lactose or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise,
as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert
diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such
a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case of
capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise
buffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and
can also be of a composition that they release the active
ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the
intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of
embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric
substances and waxes.
[0157] Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a
compound of the present description include ointments, pastes,
creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or
patches. The active component is admixed under sterile conditions
with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed
preservatives or buffers as may be required. Ophthalmic
formulation, ear drops, and eye drops are also contemplated as
being within the scope of the present description. Additionally,
the description contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which
have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a
compound to the body. Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving
or dispensing the compound in the proper medium. Absorption
enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound
across the skin. The rate can be controlled by either providing a
rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a
polymer matrix or gel.
[0158] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions provided herein may
also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such
compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the
art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions
in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable
preservatives, absorption promotors to enhance bioavailability,
fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing
agents.
[0159] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions provided herein may
be formulated for oral administration. Such formulations may be
administered with or without food. In some embodiments,
pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this disclosure are
administered without food. In other embodiments, pharmaceutically
acceptable compositions of this disclosure are administered with
food.
[0160] The amount of provided compounds that may be combined with
carrier materials to produce a composition in a single dosage form
will vary depending upon the patient to be treated and the
particular mode of administration. Provided compositions may be
formulate such that a dosage of between 0.01-100 mg/kg body
weight/day of the inhibitor can be administered to a patient
receiving these compositions.
[0161] It should also be understood that a specific dosage and
treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a
variety of factors, including age, body weight, general health,
sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug
combination, the judgment of the treating physician, and the
severity of the particular disease being treated. The amount of a
provided compound in the composition will also depend upon the
particular compound in the composition.
[0162] Compounds or compositions described herein may be
administered using any amount and any route of administration
effective for treating or lessening the severity of the disorders
or diseases as contemplated herein. The exact amount required will
vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and
general condition of the subject, the severity of the infection,
the particular agent, its mode of administration, and the like.
Provided compounds are preferably formulated in unit dosage form
for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. The expression
"unit dosage form" as used herein refers to a physically discrete
unit of agent appropriate for the patient to be treated. It will be
understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compounds
and compositions of the present disclosure will be decided by the
attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The
specific effective dose level for any particular patient or
organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the
disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the
activity of the specific compound employed; the specific
composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and
diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of
administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound
employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination
or coincidental with the specific compound employed, and like
factors well known in the medical arts.
[0163] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this disclosure
can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally,
parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally,
topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), buccally, as an
oral or nasal spray, or the like, depending on the severity of the
infection being treated. In certain embodiments, provided compounds
may be administered orally or parenterally at dosage levels of
about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg and preferably from about 1
mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or
more times a day, to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
[0164] Compounds and compositions described herein are generally
useful for the inhibition of activity of one or more proteins
involved in epigenetic regulation. Thus, in some embodiments, the
present description provides a method of inhibiting one or more
proteins involved in epigenetic regulation, such as proteins
containing acetyl-lysine recognition motifs, also known as
bromodomains (e.g., BET proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT), by administering a provided compound or composition.
[0165] Examples of proteins inhibited by the compounds and
compositions described herein and against which the methods
described herein are useful include bromodomain-containing
proteins, such as BET proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT, or an isoform or mutant thereof.
[0166] The activity of a provided compound, or composition thereof,
as an inhibitor of a bromodomain-containing protein, such as a BET
protein, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT, or an isoform or
mutant thereof, may be assayed in vitro, in vivo, or in a cell
line. In vitro assays include assays that determine inhibition of
bromodomain-containing proteins, such as BET proteins, such as
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT, or a mutant thereof. Alternatively,
inhibitor binding may be determined by running a competition
experiment where a provided compound is incubated with a
bromodomain-containing protein, such as a BET protein, such as
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT bound to known ligands, labeled or
unlabeled. Detailed conditions for assaying a provided compound as
an inhibitor of a bromodomain-containing protein, such as a BET
protein, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT or a mutant
thereof.
[0167] The present description provides for a method of treating a
subject with a MYC-dependent cancer, comprising: identifying a
subject in need of treatment; administering to the subject a BET
inhibitor; determining at least one of MYC mRNA expression, MYC
protein expression and tumor mass, and wherein following
administration, there is a decrease in at least one of MYC mRNA
expression, MYC protein expression and tumor mass, thereby treating
the disease.
[0168] In one embodiment, the identification step comprises
determining whether the subject has at least one of a MYC
translocation, a genetic rearrangement of MYC, MYC amplification,
MYC over-expression and at least one cellular function that
facilitates cellular and/or tumor growth and is altered upon
reduction of MYC mRNA or protein expression.
[0169] The present description also provides for a method of
treating a subject with a MYC-dependent cancer, comprising:
determining at least one of MYC mRNA expression, MYC protein
expression and tumor mass; administering to the subject a BET
inhibitor; and comparing at least one of MYC mRNA expression, MYC
protein expression and tumor mass in the subject before and after
administration of the BET inhibitor.
[0170] The present description also provides a method of treating a
subject with a MYC-dependent cancer, comprising: administering to
the subject a BET inhibitor that is identified as capable of
decreasing at least one of MYC mRNA expression, MYC protein
expression and tumor mass; and determining at least one of MYC mRNA
expression, MYC protein expression and tumor mass; wherein
following the administration, there is a decrease in at least one
of MYC mRNA expression, MYC protein expression and tumor mass,
thereby treating the disease.
[0171] The present description also provides for a method of
treating a subject with a disease, comprising: administering a BET
inhibitor that is identified as capable of decreasing at least one
of MYC mRNA expression, MYC protein expression and tumor mass,
wherein following the administration, there is a decrease in at
least one of MYC mRNA expression, MYC protein expression and tumor
mass, thereby treating the disease.
[0172] Acetylated histone recognition and bromodomain-containing
proteins (such as BET proteins) have been implicated in
proliferative disease. BRD4 knockout mice die shortly after
implantation and are compromised in their ability to maintain an
inner cell mass, and heterozygotes display pre- and postnatal
growth defects associated with reduced proliferation rates. BRD4
regulates genes expressed during M/GI, including growth-associated
genes, and remains bound to chromatin throughout the cell cycle
(Dey, et al. (2009) Mol. Biol. Cell 20:4899-4909). BRD4 also
physically associates with Mediator and P-TEFb (CDK9/cyclin TI) to
facilitate transcriptional elongation (Yang, et al. (2005) Oncogene
24:1653-1662; Yang, et al. (2005) Mol. Cell 19:535-545). CDK9 is a
validated target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and is
linked to c-MYC-dependent transcription (Phelps, et al. Blood
113:2637-2645; Rahl, et al. (2010) Cell 141:432-445).
[0173] BRD4 is translocated to the NUT protein in patients with
lethal midline carcinoma, an aggressive form of human squamous
carcinoma (French, et al. (2001) Am. J. Pathol. 159:1987-1992;
French, et al. (2003) Cancer Res. 63:304-307). In vitro analysis
with RNAi supports a causal role for BRD4 in this recurrent
t(15;19) chromosomal translocation. Pharmacologic inhibition of the
BRD4 bromodomains results in growth arrest/differentiation of
BRD4-NUT cell lines in vitro and in vivo (Filippakopoulos, et al.
"Selective Inhibition of BET Bromodomains," Nature (published
online Sep. 24, 2010)).
[0174] Bromodomain-containing proteins (such as BET proteins) have
also been implicated in inflammatory diseases. BET proteins {e.g.,
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT) regulate assembly of histone
acetylation-dependent chromatin complexes that control inflammatory
gene expression (Hargreaves, et al. (2009) Cell 138:129-145; LeRoy,
et al. (2008) Mol. Cell 30:51-60; Jang, et al. (2005) Mol. Cell
19:523-534; Yang, et al. (2005) Mol. Cell 19:535-545). Key
inflammatory genes (secondary response genes) are down-regulated
upon bromodomain inhibition of the BET subfamily, and
non-responsive genes (primary response genes) are poised for
transcription. BET bromodomain inhibition protects against
LPS-induced endotoxic shock and bacteria-induced sepsis in vivo
(Nicodeme, et al. "Suppression of Inflammation by a Synthetic
Histone Mimic," Nature (published online Nov. 10, 2010)).
[0175] Bromodomain-containing proteins (such as BET proteins) also
play a role in viral disease. For example, BRD4 is implicated in
human papilloma virus (HPV). In the primary phase of HPV infection
of basal epithelia, the viral genome is maintained in an
extra-chromosomal episome. In some strains of HPV, BRD4 binding to
the HPV E2 protein functions to tether the viral genome to
chromosomes. E2 is critical for both the repression of E6/E7 and te
activation of HPV viral genes. Disruption of BRD4 or the BRD4-E2
interaction blocks E2-dependent gene activation. BRD4 also
functions to tether other classes of viral genomes to host
chromatin (e.g., Herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus).
[0176] In certain embodiments, a provided compound inhibits one or
more of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, BRDT, and/or another member of the
bromodomain-containing proteins, or a mutant thereof. In some
embodiments, a provided compound inhibits two or more of BRD2,
BRD3, BRD4, BRDT, and/or another member of the
bromodomain-containing proteins, or a mutant thereof. Provided
compounds are inhibitors of one of more of the
bromodomain-containing proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT and are therefore useful for treating one or more disorders
associated with activity of one or more of the
bromodomain-containing proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT. Thus, in certain embodiments, the present description
provides a method for treating an bromodomain-containing
protein-mediated disorder, such as a BET-mediated, a BRD2-mediated,
a BRD3-mediated, a BRD4-mediated disorder, and/or a BRDT-mediated
disorder comprising the step of inhibiting a bromodomain-containing
protein, such as a BET protein, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT, or a mutant thereof, by administering to a patient in need
thereof a provided compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
composition thereof.
[0177] As used herein, the terms "bromodomain-containing
protein-mediated", "BET-mediated", "BRD2-mediated",
"BRD3-mediated", "BRD4-mediated", and/or "BRDT-mediated" disorders
or conditions means any disease or other deleterious condition in
which one or more of the bromodomain-containing proteins, such as
BET proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and/or BRDT, or a mutant
thereof, are known to play a role.
[0178] In some embodiments, the BET family bromodomain can be BRD2,
BRD3 or BRD4.
[0179] Accordingly, another embodiment of the present description
relates to treating or lessening the severity of one or more
diseases in which one or more of the bromodomain-containing
proteins, such as BET proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT, or a mutant thereof, are known to play a role.
[0180] Diseases and conditions treatable according to the methods
of the present description include, but are not limited to, cancer
and other proliferative disorders, inflammatory diseases, sepsis,
autoimmune disease, and viral infection. Thus one aspect is a
method of treating a subject having a disease, disorder, or symptom
thereof the method including administration of a compound or
composition herein to the subject. In one embodiment, a human
patient is treated with a compound of the present description and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle, wherein
said compound is present in an amount to measurably inhibit
bromodomain-containing protein activity (such as BET protein, e.g.,
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT) in the patient.
[0181] The present description further relates to the use of
provided compounds for the production of pharmaceutical
compositions which are employed for the treatment and/or
prophylaxis and/or amelioration of the diseases, disorders,
illnesses and/or conditions as mentioned herein.
[0182] The present description further relates to the use of
provided compounds for the production of pharmaceutical
compositions which are employed for the treatment and/or
prophylaxis of diseases and/or disorders responsive or sensitive to
the inhibition of bromodomain-containing proteins, particularly
those diseases mentioned above, such as e.g. cancer, inflammatory
disease, viral disease.
[0183] According to some embodiments, the present description
relates to a method of inhibiting bromodomain-containing proteins
in a biological sample comprising the step of contacting said
biological sample with a provided compound, or a composition
thereof.
[0184] According to some embodiments, the present description
relates to a method of inhibiting a bromodomain-containing protein,
such as a BET protein, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and/or BRDT, or a
mutant thereof, activity in a biological sample comprising the step
of contacting said biological sample with a provided compound, or a
composition thereof.
[0185] The term "biological sample", as used herein, includes,
without limitation, cell cultures or extracts thereof, biopsied
material obtained from a mammal or extracts thereof, and blood,
saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or
extracts thereof.
[0186] Inhibition of activity of a protein, e.g., a
bromodomain-containing protein such as a BET protein (e.g. BRD2,
BRD3, BRD4 and/or BRDT), or a mutant thereof, in a biological
sample is useful for a variety of purposes that are known to one of
skill in the art. Examples of such purposes include, but are not
limited to, blood transfusion, organ-transplantation, biological
specimen storage, and biological assays.
[0187] According to another embodiment, the present description
relates to a method of inhibiting activity of one or more
bromodomain-containing protein, such as a BET protein, such as
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT, or a mutant thereof, in a patient
comprising the step of administering to said patient a provided
compound, or a composition comprising said compound. In certain
embodiments, the present description provides a method for treating
a disorder mediated by one or more bromodomain-containing proteins,
such as a BET protein, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT, or a
mutant thereof, in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step
of administering to said patient a provided compound or
pharmaceutically acceptable composition thereof. Such disorders are
described in detail herein.
[0188] Depending upon the particular condition, or disease, to be
treated, additional therapeutic agents that are normally
administered to treat that condition may also be present in the
compositions of this disclosure or administered separately as a
part of a dosage regimen. As used herein, additional therapeutic
agents that are normally administered to treat a particular
disease, or condition, are known as "appropriate for the disease,
or condition, being treated."
[0189] In some embodiments, the composition of a compound or
compounds described herein can be in combination with an additional
therapeutic agent.
[0190] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an
epigenetic drug. As used herein, the term "epigenetic drug" refers
to a therapeutic agent that targets an epigenetic regulator.
Examples of epigenetic regulators include the histone lysine
methyltransferases, histone arginine methyl transferases, histone
demethylases, histone deacetylases, histone acetylases, and DNA
methyltransferases. Histone deacetylase inhibitors include, but are
not limited to, vorinostat.
[0191] Other therapies, chemotherapeutic agents, or other
anti-proliferative agents may be combined with a provided compound
to treat proliferative diseases and cancer. Examples of therapies
or anticancer agents that may be used in combination with compounds
herein described include surgery, radiotherapy (e.g.,
gamma-radiation, neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam
radiotherapy, proton therapy, brachytherapy, and systemic
radioactive isotopes), endocrine therapy, a biologic response
modifier (e.g., an interferon, an interleukin, tumor necrosis
factor (TNF), hyperthermia and cryotherapy, an agent to attenuate
any adverse effects (e.g., an antiemetic), and any other approved
chemotherapeutic drug.
[0192] A provided compound may also be used to advantage in
combination with one or more antiproliferative compounds. Such
antiproliferative compounds include an aromatase inhibitor; an
anti-estrogen; an anti-androgen; a gonadorelin agonist; a
topoisomerase I inhibitor; a topoisomerase II inhibitor; a
microtubule active agent; an alkylating agent; a retinoid, a
carotenoid, or a tocopherol; a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; an MMP
inhibitor; an mTOR inhibitor; an antimetabolite; a platin compound;
a methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor; a bisphosphonate; an
antiproliferative antibody; a heparanase inhibitor; an inhibitor of
Ras oncogenic isoforms; a telomerase inhibitor; a proteasome
inhibitor; a compound used in the treatment of hematologic
malignancies; a Flt-3 inhibitor; an Hsp90 inhibitor; a kinesin
spindle protein inhibitor; a MEK inhibitor; an antitumor
antibiotic; a nitrosourea; a compound targeting/decreasing protein
or lipid kinase activity, a compound targeting/decreasing protein
or lipid phosphatase activity, or any further anti-angiogenic
compound.
[0193] Exemplary aromatase inhibitors include steroids, such as
atamestane, exemestane and formestane, and non-steroids, such as
aminoglutethimide, rogletimide, pyridoglutethimide, trilostane,
testolactone, ketoconazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole and
letrozole.
[0194] Exemplary anti-estrogens include tamoxifen, fulvestrant,
raloxifene and raloxifene hydrochloride. Anti-androgens include,
but are not limited to, bicalutamide. Gonadorelin agonists include,
but are not limited to, abarelix, goserelin and goserelin
acetate.
[0195] Exemplary topoisomerase I inhibitors include topotecan,
gimatecan, irinotecan, camptothecin and its analogues,
9-nitrocamptothecin and the macromolecular camptothecin conjugate
PNU-166148. Topoisomerase II inhibitors include, but are not
limited to, the anthracyclines such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin,
epirubicin, idarubicin and nemorubicin, the anthraquinones
mitoxantrone and losoxantrone, and the podophillotoxins etoposide
and teniposide.
[0196] Exemplary microtubule active agents include microtubule
stabilizing, microtubule destabilizing compounds and microtubulin
polymerization inhibitors including, but not limited to taxanes,
such as paclitaxel and docetaxel; vinca alkaloids, such as
vinblastine or vinblastine sulfate, vincristine or vincristine
sulfate, and vinorelbine; discodermolides; colchicine and
epothilones and derivatives thereof.
[0197] Exemplary alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide,
ifosfamide, melphalan or nitrosoureas such as carmustine and
lomustine.
[0198] Exemplary cyclooxygenase inhibitors include Cox-2
inhibitors, 5-alkyl substituted 2-arylaminophenylacetic acid and
derivatives, such as celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib
or a 5-alkyl-2-arylaminophenylacetic acid, such as lumiracoxib.
[0199] Exemplary matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors ("MMP
inhibitors") include collagen peptidomimetic and non-peptidomimetic
inhibitors, tetracycline derivatives, batimastat, marimastat,
prinomastat, metastat, BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, TAA211, MMI270B,
and AAJ996.
[0200] Exemplary mTOR inhibitors include compounds that inhibit the
mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and possess antiproliferative
activity such as sirolimus, everolimus, CCI-779, and ABT578.
[0201] Exemplary antimetabolites include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU),
capecitabine, gemcitabine, DNA demethylating compounds, such as
5-azacytidine and decitabine, methotrexate and edatrexate, and
folic acid antagonists such as pemetrexed.
[0202] Exemplary platin-containing compounds include carboplatin,
cisplatin, nedaplatin, and oxaliplatin.
[0203] Exemplary methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors include
bengamide or a derivative thereof and PPI-2458.
[0204] Exemplary bisphosphonates include etidronic acid, clodronic
acid, tiludronic acid, pamidronic acid, alendronic acid, ibandronic
acid, risedronic acid and zoledronic acid.
[0205] Exemplary antiproliferative antibodies include trastuzumab,
trastuzumab-DMI, cetuximab, bevacizumab, rituximab, PR064553, and
2C4. The term "antibody" is meant to include intact monoclonal
antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed
from at least two intact antibodies, and antibody fragments, so
long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.
[0206] Exemplary heparanase inhibitors include compounds that
target, decrease or inhibit heparin sulfate degradation, such as
PI-88 and OGT2115.
[0207] The term "an inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms," such as
H-Ras, K-Ras, or N-Ras, as used herein refers to a compound which
targets, decreases, or inhibits the oncogenic activity of Ras; for
example, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor such as L-744832,
DK8G557, tipifarnib, and lonafarnib.
[0208] Exemplary telomerase inhibitors include compounds that
target, decrease or inhibit the activity of telomerase, such as
compounds which inhibit the telomerase receptor, such as
telomestatin.
[0209] Exemplary proteasome inhibitors include compounds that
target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the proteasome
including, but not limited to, bortezomib.
[0210] The phrase "compounds used in the treatment of hematologic
malignancies" as used herein includes FMS-like tyrosine kinase
inhibitors, which are compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting
the activity of FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors (Flt-3R);
interferon, 1-.beta.-D-arabinofuransylcytosine (ara-c) and
busulfan; and ALK inhibitors, which are compounds which target,
decrease or inhibit anaplastic lymphoma kinase.
[0211] Exemplary Flt-3 inhibitors include PKC412, midostaurin, a
staurosporine derivative, SU11248 and MLN518.
[0212] Exemplary HSP90 inhibitors include compounds targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90;
degrading, targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the HSP90 client
proteins via the ubiquitin proteosome pathway. Compounds targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90 are
especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit the
ATPase activity of HSP90, such as 17-allylamino,
17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), a geldanamycin derivative; other
geldanamycin related compounds; radicicol and HDAC inhibitors.
[0213] The phrase "a compound targeting/decreasing a protein or
lipid kinase activity; or a protein or lipid phosphatase activity;
or any further anti-angiogenic compound" as used herein includes a
protein tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or threonine kinase
inhibitor or lipid kinase inhibitor, such as a) a compound
targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the
platelet-derived growth factor-receptors (PDGFR), such as a
compound which targets, decreases, or inhibits the activity of
PDGFR, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivatives, such as
imatinib, SU101, SU6668 and GFB-111; b) a compound targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the fibroblast growth
factor-receptors (FGFR); c) a compound targeting, decreasing or
inhibiting the activity of the insulin-like growth factor receptor
I (IGF-IR), such as a compound which targets, decreases, or
inhibits the activity of IGF-IR; d) a compound targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Trk receptor tyrosine
kinase family, or ephrin B4 inhibitors; e) a compound targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Axl receptor tyrosine
kinase family; f) a compound targeting, decreasing or inhibiting
the activity of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase; g) a compound
targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Kit/SCFR
receptor tyrosine kinase, such as imatinib; h) a compound
targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the c-Kit
receptor tyrosine kinases, such as imatinib; i) a compound
targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of members of the
c-Abl family, their gene-fusion products (e.g. Bcr-Abl kinase) and
mutants, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, such as
imatinib or nilotinib; PD180970; AG957; NSC 680410; PD173955; or
dasatinib; j) a compound targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the
activity of members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf family of
serine/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK, PDK1,
PKB/Akt, and Ras/MAPK family members, and/or members of the
cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK), such as a staurosporine
derivative disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,330, such as
midostaurin; examples of further compounds include UCN-01,
safingol, BAY 43-9006, bryostatin 1, perifosine; ilmofosine; RO
318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; ISIS 3521; LY333531/LY379196; a
isochinoline compound; a farnesyl transferase inhibitor; PD184352
or QAN697, or AT7519; k) a compound targeting, decreasing or
inhibiting the activity of a protein-tyrosine kinase, such as
imatinib mesylate or a tyrphostin such as Tyrphostin A23/RG-50810;
AG 99; Tyrphostin AG 213; Tyrphostin AG 1748; Tyrphostin AG 490;
Tyrphostin B44; Tyrphostin B44 (+) enantiomer; Tyrphostin AG 555;
AG 494; Tyrphostin AG 556, AG957 and adaphostin
(4-{[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl] amino}-benzoic acid adamantyl
ester; NSC 680410, adaphostin); 1) a compound targeting, decreasing
or inhibiting the activity of the epidermal growth factor family of
receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 as homo- or
heterodimers) and their mutants, such as CP 358774, ZD 1839, ZM
105180; trastuzumab, cetuximab, gefitinib, erlotinib, OSI-774,
CI-1033, EKB-569, GW-2016, antibodies El.I, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4,
E2.1 I, E6.3 and E7.6.3, and 7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidine
derivatives; and m) a compound targeting, decreasing or inhibiting
the activity of the c-Met receptor.
[0214] Exemplary compounds that target, decrease or inhibit the
activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase include inhibitors of
phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, or CDC25, such as okadaic acid or a
derivative thereof.
[0215] Further anti-angiogenic compounds include compounds having
another mechanism for their activity unrelated to protein or lipid
kinase inhibition, e.g. thalidomide and TNP-470.
[0216] Additional exemplary chemotherapeutic compounds, one or more
of which may be used in combination with provided compounds,
include: daunorubicin, adriamycin, Ara-C, VP-16, teniposide,
mitoxantrone, idarubicin, carboplatinum, PKC412, 6-mercaptopurine
(6-MP), fludarabine phosphate, octreotide, SOM230, FTY720,
6-thioguanine, cladribine, 6-mercaptopurine, pentostatin,
hydroxyurea, 2-hydroxy-IH-isoindole-1,3-dione derivatives,
I-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine succinate,
angiostatin, endostatin, anthranilic acid amides, ZD4190, ZD6474,
SU5416, SU6668, bevacizumab, rhuMAb, rhuFab, macugen; FLT-4
inhibitors, FLT-3 inhibitors, VEGFR-2 IgGI antibody, RPI 4610,
bevacizumab, porfimer sodium, anecortave, triamcinolone,
hydrocortisone, 11.alpha.-epihydrocotisol, cortexolone,
17a-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone,
testosterone, estrone, dexamethasone, fluocinolone, a plant
alkaloid, a hormonal compound and/or antagonist, a biological
response modifier, such as a lymphokine or interferon, an antisense
oligonucleotide or oligonucleotide derivative, shRNA or siRNA, or a
miscellaneous compound or compound with other or unknown mechanism
of action.
[0217] For a more comprehensive discussion of updated cancer
therapies see: The Merck Manual, 17.sup.th Ed. 1999. See also the
National Cancer Institute (CNI) website (www.nci.nih.gov) and the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website for a list of the FDA
approved oncology drugs.
[0218] Other examples of additional therapeutic agents, one or more
of which a provided compound may also be combined with include: a
treatment for Alzheimer's Disease such as donepezil and
rivastigmine; a treatment for Parkinson's Disease such as
L-DOPA/carbidopa, entacapone, ropinirole, pramipexole,
bromocriptine, pergolide, trihexyphenidyl, and amantadine; an agent
for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) such as beta interferon {e.g.,
Avonex.RTM. and Rebif.RTM.), glatiramer acetate, and mitoxantrone;
a treatment for asthma such as albuterol and montelukast; an agent
for treating schizophrenia such as zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel,
and haloperidol; an anti-inflammatory agent such as a
corticosteroid, a TNF blocker, IL-1 RA, azathioprine,
cyclophosphamide, and sulfasalazine; an immunomodulatory agent,
including immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin,
tacrolimus, rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, an interferon, a
corticosteroid, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and sulfasalazine;
a neurotrophic factor such as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, an
MAO inhibitor, an interferon, an anti-convulsant, an ion channel
blocker, riluzole, or an anti-Parkinson's agent; an agent for
treating cardiovascular disease such as a beta-blocker, an ACE
inhibitor, a diuretic, a nitrate, a calcium channel blocker, or a
statin; an agent for treating liver disease such as a
corticosteroid, cholestyramine, an interferon, and an anti-viral
agent; an agent for treating blood disorders such as a
corticosteroid, an anti-leukemic agent, or a growth factor; or an
agent for treating immunodeficiency disorders such as gamma
globulin.
[0219] The above-mentioned compounds, one or more of which can be
used in combination with a provided compound, can be prepared and
administered as described in the art.
[0220] Provided compounds can be administered alone or in
combination with one or more other therapeutic compounds, possible
combination therapy taking the form of fixed combinations or the
administration of a provided compound and one or more other
therapeutic compounds being staggered or given independently of one
another, or the combined administration of fixed combinations and
one or more other therapeutic compounds. Provided compounds can
besides or in addition be administered especially for tumor therapy
in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy,
phototherapy, surgical intervention, or a combination of these.
Long-term therapy is equally possible as is adjuvant therapy in the
context of other treatment strategies, as described above. Other
possible treatments are therapy to maintain the patient's status
after tumor regression, or even chemopreventive therapy, for
example in patients at risk.
[0221] Such additional agents may be administered separately from a
composition containing a provided compound, as part of a multiple
dosage regimen. Alternatively, those agents may be part of a single
dosage form, mixed together with a provided compound in a single
composition. If administered as part of a multiple dosage regimen,
the two active agents may be submitted simultaneously, sequentially
or within a period of time from one another normally within five
hours from one another.
[0222] Upon improvement of a subject's condition, a maintenance
dose of a compound, composition or combination of the present
description may be administered, if necessary. Subsequently, the
dosage or frequency of administration, or both, may be reduced, as
a function of the symptoms, to a level at which the improved
condition is retained when the symptoms have been alleviated to the
desired level, treatment should cease. The subject may, however,
require intermittent treatment on a long-term basis upon any
recurrence of disease symptoms.
[0223] It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage
of the compounds and compositions of the present description will
be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound
medical judgment. The specific inhibitory dose for any particular
patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the
disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the
activity of the specific compound employed; the specific
composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and
diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of
administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound
employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination
or coincidental with the specific compound employed; and like
factors well known in the medical arts.
[0224] The total daily inhibitory dose of the compounds of the
present description administered to a subject in single or in
divided doses can be in amounts, for example, from 0.01 to 50 mg/kg
body weight or more usually from 0.1 to 25 mg/kg body weight.
Single dose compositions may contain such amounts or submultiples
thereof to make up the daily dose. In one embodiment, treatment
regimens according to the present description comprise
administration to a patient in need of such treatment from about 10
mg to about 1000 mg of the compound(s) of the present description
per day in single or multiple doses.
[0225] As used herein, the term "combination," "combined," and
related terms refers to the simultaneous or sequential
administration of therapeutic agents in accordance with the present
description. For example, a provided compound may be administered
with another therapeutic agent simultaneously or sequentially in
separate unit dosage forms or together in a single unit dosage
form. Accordingly, an embodiment of the present description
provides a single unit dosage form comprising a provided compound,
an additional therapeutic agent, and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle for use in the methods of the present
description.
[0226] The amount of both, a provided compound and additional
therapeutic agent (in those compositions which comprise an
additional therapeutic agent as described above) that may be
combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form
will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode
of administration. Preferably, compositions should be formulated
such that a dosage of between 0.01-100 mg/kg body weight/day of a
provided compound can be administered.
[0227] In those compositions which comprise an additional
therapeutic agent, that additional therapeutic agent and the
provided compound may act synergistically. Therefore, the amount of
additional therapeutic agent in such compositions will be less than
that required in a monotherapy utilizing only that therapeutic
agent. In such compositions a dosage of between 0.01-1,000 g/kg
body weight/day of the additional therapeutic agent can be
administered.
[0228] The amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the
compositions of this disclosure will be no more than the amount
that would normally be administered in a composition comprising
that therapeutic agent as the only active agent. Preferably the
amount of additional therapeutic agent in the presently disclosed
compositions will range from about 50% to 100% of the amount
normally present in a composition comprising that agent as the only
therapeutically active agent.
[0229] Provided compounds, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof,
may also be incorporated into compositions for coating an
implantable medical device, such as prostheses, artificial valves,
vascular grafts, stents and catheters. Vascular stents, for
example, have been used to overcome restenosis (re-narrowing of the
vessel wall after injury). However, patients using stents or other
implantable devices risk clot formation or platelet activation.
These unwanted effects may be prevented or mitigated by pre-coating
the device with a pharmaceutically acceptable composition
comprising a provided compound. Implantable devices coated with a
compound of the present description are another embodiment of the
present description.
[0230] In another aspect, the present description provides a method
of method of synthesizing a compound of any of the formulae herein.
Another embodiment is a method of making a compound of any of the
formulae herein using any one, or combination of, reactions
delineated herein. The method can include the use of one or more
intermediates or chemical reagents delineated herein.
[0231] The recitation of a listing of chemical groups in any
definition of a variable herein includes definitions of that
variable as any single group or combination of listed groups. The
recitation of an embodiment for a variable herein includes that
embodiment as any single embodiment or in combination with any
other embodiments or portions thereof. The recitation of an
embodiment herein includes that embodiment as any single embodiment
or in combination with any other embodiments or portions
thereof.
EXAMPLES
[0232] The Examples set forth herein below provide syntheses and
experimental results obtained for certain exemplary compounds.
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of
ingredients, reaction conditions, concentrations, properties,
stabilities, and so forth used in the specification and claims are
to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term
"about." At the very least, each numerical parameter should at
least be construed in light of the number of reported significant
digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Accordingly,
unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set
forth in the present specification and attached claims are
approximations that may vary depending upon the properties sought
to be obtained. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and
parameters setting forth the broad scope of the embodiments are
approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific
examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical
value, however, inherently contain certain errors resulting from
variations in experiments, testing measurements, statistical
analyses and such.
[0233] The following is to be construed as merely illustrative, and
not limitations of the preceding disclosure in any way whatsoever.
Those skilled in the art will promptly recognize appropriate
variations from the procedures both as to reactants and as to
reaction conditions and techniques. In some cases, starting
materials or intermediates may be commercially available.
Commercial material may be generally available from known sources,
for example, Sigma-Aldrich, Bachem, Lancaster, Alfa Aesar, etc.
[0234] Chemical Synthesis of Exemplary Compounds
[0235] General:
[0236] All temperatures are in degrees Celsius (.degree. C.) and
are uncorrected. Reagent grade chemicals and anhydrous solvent were
purchased from commercial sources and unless otherwise mentioned,
were used without further purification. The names of the products
were determined using the naming software included in the Contour
Software AB electronic lab notebook iLabber version
4.11.3075.18678. Flash chromatography was performed on Teledyne
Isco instruments using pre-packaged disposable SiO.sub.2 stationary
phase columns with eluent flow rates ranging from 5 to 300 mL/min,
UV detection (254 and 280 nm). HPLC purifications were performed on
a Gilson HPLC with a Phenomenex Gemini column, C18, 150:30 mm, 5
micron, eluting at 40 mL/min with mixtures of MeOH and water
containing 0.1% (NH.sub.4).sub.2CO.sub.3 (high pH), or mixtures of
MeCN and water containing 0.1% formic acid (low pH). Chiral isomer
separation were performed on a Minigram Semi-Preperative SFC from
Mettler-Toledo. The analytical HPLC chromatograms were performed
using an Agilent 1100 series instrument. The mass spectra were
recorded with a Waters Micromass ZQ detector at 120.degree. C. The
mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray ion source
(ESI) operated in a positive ion mode and was set to scan between
m/z 150-750 with a scan time of 0.3 s. Products and intermediates
were analyzed by HPLC/MS on a X-Bridge C.sub.18, (3.5 .mu.M,
2.10.times.30 mm) using a high pH buffer gradient of 5% to 95% of
MeOH in H.sub.2O (0.03% (NH.sub.4).sub.2CO.sub.3/0.375% NH.sub.4OH)
over 4.5 min at 1 mL/min for a 6 min run. The .sup.1H NMR spectra
were recorded on a Bruker UltraShield 500 MHz/54 mm instrument (BZH
43/500/70B, D221/54-3209). The chemical shifts are reported in
part-per-million from a tetramethylsilane standard.
[0237] As used herein, the following abbreviations may have the
following meanings:
TABLE-US-00002 Abbreviation Term Cl.sub.3CCN Trichloroacetonitrile
CDCl.sub.3 Deuterated chloroform CS.sub.2CO.sub.3 Cesium carbonate
d Day(s) DCM Dichloromethane DCE Dichloroethane DME
1,2-dimethoxyethane Et.sub.3N Triethylamine EtOAc Ethyl acetate h
Hour(s) HATU (dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethyl(3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]
pyridin-3-yloxy)methaniminium hexafluorophosphate HPLC
High-performance liquid chromatography MS Mass spectrometry min
Minute(s) MeOH Methanol MgSO.sub.4 Magnesium sulfate N.sub.2
Nitrogen NaHCO.sub.3 Sodium bicarbonate NMR Nuclear magnetic
resonance Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) POCl.sub.3 Phosphoryl
chloride PPh.sub.3 Triphenylphosphine iPr.sub.2NEt
N,N-Diisopropylethylamine rt room temperature
[0238] General Synthetic Schemes
[0239] Approach 1:
##STR00045##
[0240] Approach 2:
##STR00046##
[0241] Experimental Procedure
[0242] General Procedure to Prepare Bromo-Triazolo Pyridine Using
Approach 1
Intermediate 1: preparation of
3-benzyl-6-bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00047##
[0244] To a suspension of (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (203 mg,
1.08 mmol) in DCE (7 mL) was added 2-phenylacetic acid (147 mg,
1.08 mmol), PPh.sub.3 (849 mg, 3.24 mmol), iPr.sub.2NEt (279 mg,
2.16 mmol) and Cl.sub.3CCN (312 mg, 2.16 mmol) and the reaction
mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 150.degree. C. for 30 min.
The mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and water
(10 mL). The organic phase was washed with water (2.times.10 mL),
dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The material was purified by flash chromatography on
silica gel using a mixture of MeOH in DCM as eluent to afford
Intermediate 1 (103 mg, 33%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.85 (dd, J=1.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (dd, J=9.7,
1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.20 (m, 6H), 4.53 (s, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
288.1/290.1.
Intermediate 2: preparation of
6-bromo-3-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00048##
[0246] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
1 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (319 mg, 1.70 mmol) with
2-tetrahydropyran-4-ylacetic acid (245 mg, 1.70 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 2 (180 mg, 36%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.04 (dd, J=1.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=9.7,
1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.23 (m, 1H), 3.97 (dd, J=10.6, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 3.41
(td, J=11.9, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 2.98 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.27 (ddd,
J=11.4, 7.6, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 1.76-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.40 (m, 2H). MS
(ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 296.1/298.1.
Intermediate 3: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00049##
[0248] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
1 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (303 mg, 1.61 mmol) with
2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetic acid (248 mg, 1.61 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 3 (159 mg, 32%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.85 (dd, J=1.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=3.2,
1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.08-6.99 (m,
2H), 4.49 (s, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 306.1/308.1.
Intermediate 4: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00050##
[0250] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
1 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (416 mg, 2.12 mmol) with
2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (377 mg, 2.12 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 4 (200 mg, 36%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.84 (dd, J=1.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=9.7,
0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.15 (m, 5H), 4.48 (s, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
322.1/324.1/326.1.
Intermediate 5: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrid-
ine
##STR00051##
[0252] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
1 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (281 mg, 1.50 mmol) with
2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetic acid (305 mg, 1.50 mmol) to
afford Intermediate 5 (144 mg, 27%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.69 (td, J=4.0, 2.5 Hz,
1H), 7.65 (t, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.47 (m, 1H),
7.31-7.27 (m, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H); MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
356.1/358.1.
Intermediate 6: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00052##
[0254] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
1 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (320 mg, 1.70 mmol) with
2-(2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid (262 mg, 1.70 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 6 (100 mg, 19%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.08-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.24
(m, 2H), 7.16-7.00 (m, 2H), 4.51 (s, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
306.1/308.1.
[0255] General Procedure to Prepare Bromo-Triazolo Pyridine Using
Approach 2
Intermediate 7: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00053##
[0257] To a solution of (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (303.0 mg,
1.61 mmol) in dry DCM (7 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added
(2S)-2-phenylpropanoic acid (242 mg, 1.61 mmol), Et.sub.3N (0.25
mL, 1.77 mmol) and HATU (672 mg, 1.77 mmol) and the reaction
mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with
saturated NaHCO.sub.3 (10 ml) and DCM (10 ml) and then the phases
were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM
(2.times.20 mL) and then the combined organic layers were dried
over MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The crude amide was suspended in POCl.sub.3 (5 mL) and then heated
to 90.degree. C. for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to rt, poured
into saturated NaHCO.sub.3 (20 ml) and the mixture was further
neutralized by the addition of solid NaHCO.sub.3. The aqueous phase
was extracted with DCM (3.times.50 mL) and the combined organic
layers were dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The material was purified by flash chromatography
on silica gel using a mixture of MeOH in DCM as eluent to afford
Intermediate 7 (310 mg, 64%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=9.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H),
7.36-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.28 (dt, J=4.6, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.20 (m, 3H),
4.42 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 1.97 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI)
[M+H]302.2/304.2.
Intermediate 8: preparation of
6-bromo-3-(cyclohexylmethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00054##
[0259] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (349 mg, 1.86 mmol) with
2-cyclohexylacetic acid (264 mg, 1.85 mmol) to afford Intermediate
8 (355 mg, 65%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 8.03 (dd, J=1.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (dd, J=9.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H),
7.25 (dd, J=9.8, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.98-1.87 (m,
1H), 1.83-1.62 (m, 5H), 1.27-1.08 (m, 5H).
Intermediate 9: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[(3,5-difluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00055##
[0261] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (322 mg, 1.71 mmol) with
2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)acetic acid (295 mg, 1.71 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 9 (203 mg, 37%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.86 (dd, J=1.6, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J=9.7,
0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=9.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.68 (m, 3H), 4.50
(s, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 324.1/326.1.
Intermediate 10: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrid-
ine
##STR00056##
[0263] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (303 mg, 1.61 mmol) with
2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetic acid (329 mg, 1.61 mmol) to
afford Intermediate 10 (148 mg, 26%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 7.60
(d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.22 (m, 1H), 4.57
(s, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 356.0/358.0.
Intermediate 11: preparation of
6-bromo-3-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00057##
[0265] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (330 mg, 1.76 mmol) with
1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (285 mg, 1.76 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 11 (375 mg, 68%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.95 (dd, J=1.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=9.7,
0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.20 (m, 4H), 7.17-7.10 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.63 (m,
2H), 1.59 (dd, J=13.2, 8.8 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
314.1/316.1.
Intermediate 12: 1 preparation of
6-bromo-3-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00058##
[0267] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (350 mg, 1.86 mmol) with
(2R)-2-phenylpropanoic acid (280 mg, 1.86 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 12 (246 mg, 44%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J=9.7, 0.8 Hz, 1H),
7.31-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.09 (m, 3H), 4.36 (q,
J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 1.90 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
302.1/304.1.
Intermediate 13: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00059##
[0269] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (160 mg, 0.85 mmol) with
2-(3-fluorophenyl)acetic acid (131 mg, 0.85 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 13 (181 mg, 69%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.24
(m, 2H), 7.08-6.90 (m, 3H), 4.52 (s, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
306.1/308.1
Intermediate 14: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[1-(3-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00060##
[0271] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (317 mg, 1.69 mmol) with
1-(3-chlorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (332 mg, 1.69 mmol)
to afford Intermediate 14 (258 mg, 44%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.99-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=9.7,
0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.24 (m, 3H), 7.11-7.05 (m, 2H), 1.70 (dd, J=7.1,
4.8 Hz, 2H), 1.56 (dd, J=7.1, 4.8 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
348.0/350.0/352.0.
Intermediate 15: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00061##
[0273] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (217 mg, 1.15 mmol) with
1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (227 mg, 1.15 mmol)
to afford Intermediate 15 (402 mg, 99%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.95 (dd, J=1.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68
(dd, J=9.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J=3.8, 1.5
Hz, 2H), 7.12 (dd, J=2.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.02-6.96 (m, 1H), 1.69 (dd,
J=7.1, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 1.59 (dd, J=7.2, 4.8 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI)
[M+H].sup.+ 348.0/350.0/352.0.
Intermediate 16: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[1-(p-tolyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00062##
[0275] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (312 mg, 1.66 mmol) with
1-(p-tolyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (292 mg, 1.66 mmol) to
afford Intermediate 16 (368 mg, 67%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.97 (dd, J=1.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (dd,
J=9.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J=9.3, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8.0
Hz, 2H), 7.09-7.01 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.67-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.54
(dd, J=7.1, 4.6 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 328.1/330.1.
Intermediate 17: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrid-
ine
##STR00063##
[0277] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (304 mg, 1.62 mmol) with
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-propanoic acid (321 mg, 1.62 mmol) to
afford Intermediate 17 (339 mg, 60%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.66 (dd, J=9.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd,
J=1.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.20 (dd, J=9.7, 1.7 Hz,
1H), 7.16-7.06 (m, 2H), 1.91 (s, 6H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
348.2/350.2/352.2.
Intermediate 18: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00064##
[0279] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (328 mg, 1.74 mmol) with
1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (368 mg, 1.74 mmol) to
afford Intermediate 18 (268.0 mg, 42%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.66 (dd, J=9.7, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.53
(m, 1H), 7.36-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.19 (m, 3H), 3.17-3.06 (m, 2H),
2.85-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.29-2.12 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
362.1/364.1/366.1.
Intermediate 19: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[1-(m-tolyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00065##
[0281] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (496 mg, 2.64 mmol) with
1-(m-tolyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (465 mg, 2.64 mmol) to
afford Intermediate 19 (549 mg, 63%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.95 (dd, J=1.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd,
J=9.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.36 (m, 2H),
7.32-7.24 (m, 2H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 1.74 (dd, J=7.2, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 1.63
(dd, J=7.2, 4.8 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H]328.2/330.2.
Intermediate 20: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]
cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00066##
[0283] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (370 mg, 1.97 mmol) with
1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (453 mg,
1.97 mmol) to afford Intermediate 20 (429 mg, 57%) as a solid.
.sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) b 7.97 (dd, J=1.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H),
7.65 (dd, J=9.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.19 (t, J=7.6 Hz,
1H), 7.07-7.01 (m, 1H), 7.01-6.89 (m, 2H), 1.65 (dd, J=6.9, 4.5 Hz,
2H), 1.56 (dd, J=6.9, 4.9 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
382.0/384.0.
Intermediate 21: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[1-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00067##
[0285] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (250 mg, 1.33 mmol) with
1-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (240 mg, 1.33 mmol)
to afford Intermediate 21 (330 mg, 75%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.94 (dd, J=1.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68
(dd, J=9.7, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.21 (m, 2H), 6.93 (tdd, J=8.3, 2.5,
0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (ddd, J=7.8, 1.7, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.84-6.76 (m, 1H),
1.70 (dd, J=7.1, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 1.58 (dd, J=7.2, 4.8 Hz, 2H). MS
(ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 332.1/334.1.
Intermediate 22: preparation of
6-bromo-3-(1-phenylcyclobutyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00068##
[0287] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (370 mg, 1.97 mmol) with
1-phenylcyclobutanecarboxylic acid (347 mg, 1.97 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 22 (309 mg, 48%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.66 (dd, J=9.7, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H),
7.35 (dt, J=8.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.23 (m, 2H),
7.20 (dd, J=9.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 3.15-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.78 (m, 2H),
2.22-2.08 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 328.1/330.1.
Intermediate 23: preparation of
6-bromo-3-(1-phenylcyclopentyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00069##
[0289] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (399 mg, 2.12 mmol) with
1-phenylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid (404 mg, 2.12 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 23 (519 mg, 71%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.63 (dd, J=9.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J=1.6,
1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.19 (m,
2H), 7.19-7.15 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.39 (qd, J=7.5, 2.0 Hz,
2H), 1.93-1.82 (m, 4H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 342.1/344.1.
Intermediate 24: preparation of
6-bromo-3-[1-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrid-
ine
##STR00070##
[0291] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (360 mg, 1.92 mmol) with
2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-propanoic acid (380 mg, 1.92 mmol) to
afford Intermediate 24 (162 mg, 25%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.69 (dd, J=9.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (dd,
J=1.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.03-7.00
(m, 1H), 1.92 (s, 6H); MS (ESI)[M+H].sup.+ 350.0/352.0/354.0.
Intermediate 25: preparation of
6-bromo-3-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00071##
[0293] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (380 mg, 2.02 mmol) with
1-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (413 mg, 2.02 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 25 (430 mg, 60%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.64 (dd, J=9.7, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.49 (m,
1H), 7.32 (dq, J=3.6, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.15 (dd,
J=9.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 2.66 (d, J=13.3 Hz, 2H), 2.18 (ddd, J=11.0,
9.6, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.87-1.63 (m, 5H), 1.44 (dd, J=6.5, 3.2 Hz, 1H).
MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 356.2/358.2.
Intermediate 26: preparation of
6-bromo-3-(2-phenylethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00072##
[0295] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (291 mg, 1.55 mmol) with
3-phenylpropanoic acid (232 mg, 1.55 mmol) to afford Intermediate
26 (300 mg, 64%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 7.62 (dd, J=9.2, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.24 (m, 3H), 7.22 (dt,
J=4.6, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.15 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 2H), 3.25 (t,
J=7.5 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 302.1/304.1.
Intermediate 27: preparation of
6-bromo-3-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
##STR00073##
[0297] Following described experimental procedure for Intermediate
7 and using (5-bromo-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (379 mg, 2.02 mmol) with
2-methyl-2-phenyl-propanoic acid (331 mg, 2.02 mmol) to afford
Intermediate 27 (479 mg, 75%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.65 (dd, J=9.7, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.33 (m,
2H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.15 (m, 3H), 1.93 (s, 6H). MS (ESI)
[M+H].sup.+ 316.1/318.1.
Example 1:
5-(3-benzyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-py-
ridin-2-one
##STR00074##
[0299] To a suspension
3-benzyl-6-bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (Intermediate 1;
100 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DME (2 mL) and water (0.2 mL) was added
1,3-dimethyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-
-2-one (prepared using described procedure in US20130053362; 104
mg, 0.42 mmol), Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (283 mg, 0.878 mmol) and
Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4(40 mg, 0.035 mmol) and the reaction mixture was
degassed with N.sub.2 for 5 min then heated in a sealed tube at
90.degree. C. for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with
EtOAc (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The phase was separated and the
organic layer was dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated
under reduced pressure. The material was purified by flash
chromatography on silica using a mixture of MeOH in DCM as eluent
then followed by preparative HPLC purification to afford Compound 1
(60 mg, 52%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
7.78 (dd, J=9.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.35 (ddd, J=7.5,
6.2, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 4H), 7.20 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 2H), 4.59
(s, 2H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
331.3.
Example 2:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyr-
idin-6-yl]pyridin-2-one
##STR00075##
[0301] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 2; 180 mg, 0.61 mmol) to afford Compound 2 (29.9 mg,
52%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
7.85-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dt, J=8.1,
1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (dd, J=9.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (dd, J=10.8, 3.3
Hz, 2H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.43 (td, J=11.9, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (d,
J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.41-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.76 (dd, J=12.9,
1.9 Hz, 2H), 1.57-1.45 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 339.2.
Example 3:
5-[3-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-y-
l]-1,3-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00076##
[0303] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 3; 159 mg, 0.52 mmol) to afford Compound 3 (26.1 mg,
14%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.79
(dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.20 (m, 5H), 7.03
(dd, J=9.6, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H).
MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 349.2.
Example 4:
5-[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-y-
l]-1,3-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00077##
[0305] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 4; 150 mg, 0.47 mmol) to afford Compound 4 (43.5 mg,
26%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.80
(dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.29
(dd, J=9.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 4H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.61 (s,
3H), 2.21 (s, 3H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 365.2.
Example 5:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-[1,2,4]tr-
iazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]pyridin-2-one
##STR00078##
[0307] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrid-
ine (Intermediate 5; 144 mg, 0.40 mmol) to afford Compound 5 (36.8
mg, 23%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.81
(dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (dd, J=10.0, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.61-7.55
(m, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J=3.8, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (dd, J=9.5, 1.7 Hz,
1H), 7.28-7.23 (m, 2H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H).
MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 399.2.
Example 6:
5-[3-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-y-
l]-1,3-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00079##
[0309] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 6; 100 mg, 0.33 mmol) to afford Compound 6 (39 mg,
34%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.87 (s,
1H), 7.78 (dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.23 (m, 5H), 7.16-7.05 (m,
2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
349.2.
Example 7: 1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-[(1
S)-1-phenylethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]pyridin-2-one
##STR00080##
[0311] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using 6-bromo-3-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 7, 322 mg, 1.07 mmol) to afford Compound 7 (120 mg,
33%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.78
(dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.28 (m, 3H),
7.28-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.11 (dt, J=7.8, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 4.50 (d, J=7.1 Hz,
1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.01 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI)
[M+H].sup.+ 345.2.
Example 8:
5-[3-(cyclohexylmethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]-1,3-
-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00081##
[0313] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using 6-bromo-3-(cyclohexylmethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 8; 355 mg, 1.21 mmol) to afford Compound 8 (100 mg,
25%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
7.86-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.77 (dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dt, J=6.9,
1.9 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (dd, J=9.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.99 (d,
J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.98 (ddd, J=11.1, 7.5, 3.8 Hz, 1H),
1.84-1.63 (m, 5H), 1.32-1.05 (m, 5H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
337.3.
Example 9:
5-[3-[(3,5-difluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-
-6-yl]-1,3-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00082##
[0315] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[(3,5-difluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 9; 203 mg, 0.626 mmol) to afford Compound 9 (102 mg,
44%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.82
(dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.26 (m, 3H),
6.86-6.79 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.62 (s,
3H), 2.22 (s, 3H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 367.2.
Example 10:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3--
a]pyridin-6-yl]pyridin-2-one
##STR00083##
[0317] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrid-
ine (Intermediate 10; 148 mg, 0.42 mmol) to afford Compound 10 (78
mg, 47%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.81
(dd, J=9.5, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (dd, J=4.8, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d,
J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (dd, J=9.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.21 (m, 3H),
4.64 (s, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
399.1.
Example 11:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-y-
l]pyridin-2-one
##STR00084##
[0319] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 11; 375 mg, 1.07 mmol) to afford Compound 11 (33.0
mg, 9%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.87
(dd, J=9.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J=6.9, 1.5
Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.34 (m, 3H), 7.34-7.25 (m, 4H), 3.69 (d, J=7.3 Hz,
3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.85 (q, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 1.70 (q, J=4.7 Hz, 2H).
MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 357.3.
Example 12: 1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-[(1R)-1-phenyl
ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]pyridin-2-one
##STR00085##
[0321] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using 6-bromo-3-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 12; 246 mg, 0.81 mmol) to afford Compound 12 (50 mg,
18%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.77 (d,
J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.35 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (t, J=7.3
Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.22 (m, 3H), 7.13-7.09 (m, 2H), 4.50 (q, J=7.1 Hz,
1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.01 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI)
[M+H].sup.+ 345.2.
Example 13:
5-[3-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]-1,3-dim-
ethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00086##
[0323] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 13; 180 mg, 0.59 mmol) to afford Compound 13 (23 mg,
11%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.80
(dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.30 (ddd, J=9.5, 6.7,
1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (s, 2H), 7.06 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (dd,
J=15.2, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H). MS
(ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 349.2.
Example 14:
5-[3-[1-(3-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]--
1,3-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00087##
[0325] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[1-(3-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 14; 260 mg, 0.75 mmol) to afford Compound 14 (24 mg,
8%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.73 (d,
J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.12 (dt, J=4.7,
2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.09-7.01 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.69
(q, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 1.58-1.48 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
391.2/393.2.
Example 15;
5-[3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]--
1,3-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00088##
[0327] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 15; 402 mg, 1.15 mmol) to afford Compound 15 (35 mg,
8%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.73 (d,
J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.27-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.17-7.09 (m, 2H),
7.07-7.01 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.69 (q, J=4.7 Hz,
2H), 1.58-1.44 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 391.2/393.2.
Example 16:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-[1-(p-tolyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin--
6-yl]pyridin-2-one
##STR00089##
[0329] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[1-(p-tolyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 16; 368 mg, 1.12 mmol) to afford Compound 16 (47 mg,
11%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.75
(dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.16
(t, J=2.6 Hz, 2H), 7.16-7.06 (m, 4H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H),
2.19 (s, 3H), 1.71 (q, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 1.55 (q, J=4.6 Hz, 2H). MS
(ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 371.2.
Example 17:
5-[3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6--
yl]-1,3-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00090##
[0331] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrid-
ine (Intermediate 17; 339 mg, 0.97 mmol) to afford Compound 17
(12.0 mg, 3%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
7.78 (dd, J=9.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.16 (m, 3H),
7.04 (s, 1H), 6.98-6.87 (m, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.96
(s, 6H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 393.2/395.2.
Example 18:
5-[3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]-1-
,3-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00091##
[0333] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 18; 268 mg, 0.74 mmol) to afford Compound 18 (17 mg,
6%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.78 (d,
J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.19 (m, 4H), 7.08 (dd,
J=9.0, 1.7 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.14 (ddd, J=12.1, 8.8, 5.4 Hz,
2H), 2.90-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.09 (m, 5H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
405.2/407.2.
Example 19:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-[1-(m-tolyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin--
6-yl]pyridin-2-one
##STR00092##
[0335] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[1-(m-tolyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 19, 215 mg, 0.655 mmol) to afford Compound 19 (160
mg, 66%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.77
(dd, J=9.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (q, J=1.5 Hz,
1H), 7.26-7.14 (m, 3H), 7.09-6.98 (m, 3H), 3.59 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 3H),
2.30 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.72 (q, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 1.58 (q, J=4.6
Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 371.3.
Example 20:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclopropyl][1,2,4]-triaz-
olo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]pyridin-2-one
##STR00093##
[0337] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3--
a]pyridine (Intermediate 20, 429 mg, 1.12 mmol) to afford Compound
20 (120 mg, 25%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 7.80 (dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.78-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.53 (dd,
J=8.0, 3.1 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (dd, J=4.9, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.30 (m,
1H), 7.20 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 2H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.80 (dd,
J=7.0, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 1.64 (q, J=5.1 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
425.1.
Example 21:
5-[3-[1-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]--
1,3-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00094##
[0339] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[1-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 21; 333 mg, 1.00 mmol) to afford Compound 21 (165 mg,
44%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.81
(dd, J=9.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J=9.5, 1.7 Hz,
1H), 7.27 (dd, J=8.0, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=5.5, 1.7 Hz, 2H),
6.94 (ddd, J=9.6, 8.1, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 6.88-6.83 (m, 1H), 3.59 (s,
3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.76 (dd, J=7.0, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 1.61 (dd, J=7.1,
4.8 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 375.2.
Example 22:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-(1-phenylcyclobutyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl-
]pyridin-2-one
##STR00095##
[0341] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using 6-bromo-3-(1-phenylcyclobutyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 22; 309 mg, 0.94 mmol) to afford Compound 22 (225 mg,
66%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.78
(dd, J=9.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.32 (m, 5H), 7.31-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.23
(dd, J=9.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.03 (m, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.17-3.08
(m, 2H), 2.87 (ddd, J=12.1, 9.1, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.29-2.11 (m, 5H). MS
(ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 371.3.
Example 23:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-(1-phenylcyclopentyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-y-
l]pyridin-2-one
##STR00096##
[0343] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-(1-phenylcyclopentyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 23; 519 mg, 1.52 mmol) to afford Compound 23 (313 mg,
54%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.75
(dd, J=9.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.32 (m, 3H), 7.31-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.20
(dd, J=9.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.01-6.94 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 2.81-2.71
(m, 2H), 2.46-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.92 (dt, J=9.3, 4.5 Hz,
4H). MS (ESI) [M+H]385.2.
Example 24:
5-[3-[1-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6--
yl]-1,3-dimethyl-pyridin-2-one
##STR00097##
[0345] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-[1-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrid-
ine (Intermediate 24; 162 mg, 0.46 mmol) to afford Compound 24 (110
mg, 61%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.80
(d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (t, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.30
(t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 7.05 (dt,
J=7.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dt, J=2.6, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H),
2.17 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 6H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 393.3/395.3.
Example 25:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl-
]pyridin-2-one
##STR00098##
[0347] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using 6-bromo-3-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 25; 430 mg, 1.21 mmol) to afford Compound 25 (355 mg,
74%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.78 (d,
J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 4H), 7.20 (dd,
J=9.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.96-6.88 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 2.66 (d,
J=14.2 Hz, 2H), 2.29-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.94-1.83 (m, 2H),
1.72 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 3H), 1.56-1.41 (m, 1H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
399.3.
Example 26:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-(2-phenylethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-yl]pyri-
din-2-one
##STR00099##
[0349] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using 6-bromo-3-(2-phenylethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 26; 300 mg, 0.99 mmol) to afford Compound 26 (130 mg,
38%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.80
(dd, J=9.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J=1.6, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.27
(m, 4H), 7.21-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.16 (s, 2H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s,
3H), 1.75 (dd, J=6.9, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 1.61 (dd, J=6.9, 4.5 Hz, 2H). MS
(ESI) [M+H].sup.+ 345.2.
Example 27:
1,3-dimethyl-5-[3-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]-pyridi-
n-6-yl]pyridin-2-one
##STR00100##
[0351] Following described experimental procedure for Example 1 and
using
6-bromo-3-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
(Intermediate 27; 479 mg, 1.52 mmol) to afford Compound 27 (149 mg,
27%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.78 (d,
J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dt, J=28.3, 7.2 Hz, 3H), 7.33-7.26 (m, 2H),
7.22 (dd, J=9.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H),
3.55 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 6H). MS (ESI) [M+H].sup.+
359.3.
[0352] Biological Activity
[0353] Transcription of Human C-Myc in Human Leukemic MV-4-11
Cells
[0354] The effect of compounds on transcription of human C-Myc gene
is monitored in human B-myelomonocytic leukemia cell line MV-4-11
(from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, Va., USA)
using QuantiGene 2.0 assay kit (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, Calif.,
USA).
[0355] Typically, 8,000 MV-4-11 cells are plated in sterile 96-well
plates (Costar #3598 from Fisher Scientific Canada, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada) in Iscove's medium supplemented with 10% fetal
bovine serum, glutamine (2 mM), and penicillin (100 I.U.) and
streptomycin (100 .mu.g/mL) (all from Wisent Inc., St. Bruno,
Quebec, Canada). Compounds are dissolved in DMSO at 30 mM. A series
of 1:3 dilutions are first made in DMSO, and further 1:100
dilutions are made in serum-containing cell culture media. The
final concentration of DMSO is 0.1% in cell culture media. After
cells are treated with various concentrations of test compound for
4 hours, cells are lysed using Quantigene 2.0 sample processing kit
(# QS0100). C-Myc mRNA is detected using a QuantiGene 2.0 assay kit
(# QS0009) with gene-specific probe to human C-Myc (# SA-50182)
following the manufacturer's recommendations. Luminescence signals
are read on Flexstation II microplate reader (Molecular Devices,
Sunnyvale, Calif., USA). Percentage of inhibition of C-Myc
transcription is analyzed using EXCEL (2010 version) (results shown
in Table 2).
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Compound No IC.sub.50 (.mu.M) 1 0.253 2
2.345 3 0.495 4 0.156 5 0.146 6 0.461 7 0.085 8 0.158 9 0.183 10
0.484 11 0.090 12 0.100 13 0.269 14 0.089 15 0.250 16 0.226 17
0.590 18 0.563 19 0.088 20 0.061 21 0.158 22 0.074 23 0.085 24
0.090 25 0.054 26 0.835 27 0.227
[0356] Although the invention has been illustrated and described
with respect to one or more implementations, equivalent alterations
and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon the
reading and understanding of this specification. In addition, while
a particular feature of the invention may have been disclosed with
respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be
combined with one or more other features of the other
implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or
particular application.
[0357] Accordingly, it is understood that the examples and
embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and
that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be
suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included
within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the
appended claims. Any publication, document, patent, patent
application or publication referred to herein should be construed
as incorporated by reference each in their entirety for all
purposes.
* * * * *