U.S. patent application number 16/751026 was filed with the patent office on 2020-09-10 for compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of transthyretin.
The applicant listed for this patent is Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Invention is credited to Rene Alvarez, Qingmin Chen, Gregory Hinkle, Stuart Milstein, Dinah Wen-Yee Sah.
Application Number | 20200283766 16/751026 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004853299 |
Filed Date | 2020-09-10 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200283766 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sah; Dinah Wen-Yee ; et
al. |
September 10, 2020 |
Compositions and Methods for Inhibiting Expression of
Transthyretin
Abstract
The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid
(dsRNA) targeting a transthyretin (TTR) gene, and methods of using
the dsRNA to inhibit expression of TTR.
Inventors: |
Sah; Dinah Wen-Yee; (Boston,
MA) ; Hinkle; Gregory; (Plymouth, MA) ;
Alvarez; Rene; (Boxborough, MA) ; Milstein;
Stuart; (Cambridge, MA) ; Chen; Qingmin;
(Lincoln, MA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
Cambridge |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004853299 |
Appl. No.: |
16/751026 |
Filed: |
January 23, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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16276541 |
Feb 14, 2019 |
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16751026 |
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15380571 |
Dec 15, 2016 |
10240152 |
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16276541 |
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14965825 |
Dec 10, 2015 |
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15380571 |
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14220829 |
Mar 20, 2014 |
9234196 |
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14965825 |
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13410262 |
Mar 1, 2012 |
8741866 |
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14220829 |
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12582669 |
Oct 20, 2009 |
8168775 |
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13410262 |
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61106956 |
Oct 20, 2008 |
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61115738 |
Nov 18, 2008 |
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61156670 |
Mar 2, 2009 |
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61185545 |
Jun 9, 2009 |
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61242783 |
Sep 15, 2009 |
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61244794 |
Sep 22, 2009 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12N 2320/30 20130101;
C12N 15/113 20130101; C12N 2310/335 20130101; C12N 2310/321
20130101; C12N 2320/32 20130101; C12N 2310/315 20130101; C12N
2310/3515 20130101; C07H 21/04 20130101; C12N 2310/14 20130101;
C07F 9/6533 20130101; A61K 31/713 20130101; A61K 9/0019 20130101;
C12N 15/111 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C12N 15/113 20060101
C12N015/113; C12N 15/11 20060101 C12N015/11; C07F 9/6533 20060101
C07F009/6533; C07H 21/04 20060101 C07H021/04; A61K 9/00 20060101
A61K009/00; A61K 31/713 20060101 A61K031/713 |
Claims
1. A double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for inhibiting
expression of transthyretin (TTR), wherein said dsRNA comprises a
sense strand and an antisense strand, the antisense strand
comprising a region complementary to a part of a mRNA encoding
transthyretin (TTR), wherein said region of complementarity is less
than 30 nucleotides in length and the antisense strand comprises 15
or more contiguous nucleotides of an antisense strand selected from
Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A, 6B, 7, and 16 or SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID
NO:450, SEQ ID NO:730, or SEQ ID NO: 1010.
2.-71. (canceled)
72. The dsRNA of claim 1, wherein the region of complementarity is
19 nucleotides in length.
73. The dsRNA of claim 1, wherein each strand of the dsRNA is 19,
20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 nucleotides in length.
74. The dsRNA of claim 1, wherein the dsRNA comprises at least one
modified nucleotide.
75. The dsRNA of claim 1, wherein the dsRNA comprises at least one
modified nucleotide selected from the group consisting of: a
2'-O-methyl modified nucleotide, a nucleotide comprising a
5'-phosphorothioate group, a terminal nucleotide linked to a
cholesteryl derivative or dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group, a
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro modified nucleotide, a 2'-deoxy-modified
nucleotide, a locked nucleotide, an abasic nucleotide, a
2'-amino-modified nucleotide, a 2'-alkyl-modified nucleotide, a
morpholino nucleotide, a phosphoramidate, and a non-natural base
comprising nucleotide.
76. The dsRNA of claim 1, wherein the dsRNA is conjugated to a
ligand.
77. The dsRNA of claim 1, wherein the dsRNA is formulated in a
lipid formulation.
78. The dsRNA of claim 1, wherein administration of the dsRNA to a
cell results in about 95% inhibition of TTR mRNA expression as
measured by a real time PCR assay, wherein the cell is a HepG2 cell
or a Hep3B cell, and wherein the concentration of the dsRNA is 10
nM.
79. The dsRNA of claim 1, wherein the dsRNA has an IC.sub.50 of
less than 10 pM in a HepG2 cell, and wherein the concentration of
the dsRNA is 10 nM.
80. The dsRNA of claim 1, wherein the dsRNA has an ED.sub.50 of
about 1 mg/kg.
81. The dsRNA of claim 1, wherein administration of the dsRNA does
not result in immunostimulatory activity in human peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as measured by IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha
ELISA assays.
82. A cell containing the dsRNA of claim 1.
83. A pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting expression of a TTR
gene comprising the dsRNA of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier.
84. A method of inhibiting TTR expression in a cell, the method
comprising: (a) contacting the cell with the dsRNA of claim 1; and
(b) maintaining the cell produced in step (a) for a time sufficient
to obtain degradation of the mRNA transcript of a TTR gene, thereby
inhibiting expression of the TTR gene in the cell.
85. A method of treating a disorder mediated by TTR expression
comprising administering to a human in need of such treatment a
therapeutically effective amount of the dsRNA of claim 1.
86. The method of claim 85, wherein the human has transthyretin
amyloidosis, a liver disorder, or is further provided a liver
transplant.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 16/276,541, filed Feb. 14, 2019, (pending),
which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
15/380,571, filed Dec. 15, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,240,152,
issued Mar. 26, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 14/965,825, filed Dec. 10, 2015, (abandoned),
which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
14/220,829, filed Mar. 20, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,234,196,
issued Jan. 12, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/410,262, filed Mar. 1, 2012, now U.S. Pat.
No. 8,741,866, issued Jun. 3, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 12/582,669, filed Oct. 20, 2009, now
U.S. Pat. No. 8,168,775, issued May 1, 2012, which claims the
benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/106,956, filed Oct.
20, 2008; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/115,738, filed Nov.
18, 2008; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/156,670, filed Mar.
2, 2009; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/185,545, filed Jun. 9,
2009; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/242,783, filed Sep. 15,
2009; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/244,794, filed Sep.
22, 2009, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, in
their entirety, for all purposes.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid
(dsRNA) targeting a transthyretin (TTR) gene, and methods of using
the dsRNA to inhibit expression of TTR.
REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING
[0003] The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which
has been submitted via EFS-Web and is hereby incorporated by
reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Jan. 16,
2020, is named AYL078C6_sequencelisting.txt, which contains 1410
sequences and is 323,584 bytes in size.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Transthyretin (TTR) is a secreted thyroid hormone-binding
protein. TTR binds and transports retinol binding protein
(RBP)/Vitamin A, and serum thyroxine (T4) in plasma and
cerebrospinal fluid.
[0005] Both normal-sequence TTR and variant-sequence TTR cause
amyloidosis. Normal-sequence TTR causes cardiac amyloidosis in
people who are elderly and is termed senile systemic amyloidosis
(SSA) (also called senile cardiac amyloidosis (SCA)). SSA often is
accompanied by microscopic deposits in many other organs. TTR
mutations accelerate the process of TTR amyloid formation and are
the most important risk factor for the development of clinically
significant TTR amyloidosis (also called ATTR
(amyloidosis-transthyretin type)). More than 85 amyloidogenic TTR
variants are known to cause systemic familial amyloidosis.
[0006] The liver is the major site of TTR expression. Other
significant sites of expression include the choroid plexus, retina
and pancreas.
[0007] TTR amyloidosis manifests in various forms. When the
peripheral nervous system is affected more prominently, the disease
is termed familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). When the heart
is primarily involved but the nervous system is not, the disease is
called familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy (FAC). A third major
type of TTR amyloidosis is called leptomeningeal/CNS (Central
Nervous System) amyloidosis.
[0008] Double-stranded RNA molecules (dsRNA) have been shown to
block gene expression in a highly conserved regulatory mechanism
known as RNA interference (RNAi). WO 99/32619 (Fire et al.)
disclosed the use of a dsRNA of at least 25 nucleotides in length
to inhibit the expression of genes in C. elegans. dsRNA has also
been shown to degrade target RNA in other organisms, including
plants (see, e.g., WO 99/53050, Waterhouse et al.; and WO 99/61631,
Heifetz et al.), Drosophila (see, e.g., Yang, D., et al., Curr.
Biol. (2000) 10:1191-1200), and mammals (see WO 00/44895, Limmer;
and DE 101 00 586.5, Kreutzer et al.).
[0009] U.S. 20070207974 discloses functional and hyperfunctional
siRNAs. U.S. 20090082300 discloses antisense molecules directed
against TTR. U.S. Pat. No. 7,250,496 discloses microRNAs directed
against TTR.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] In one embodiment, the invention provides a double-stranded
ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for inhibiting expression of transthyretin
(TTR), wherein said dsRNA comprises a sense strand and an antisense
strand, the antisense strand comprising a region complementary to a
part of a mRNA encoding transthyretin (TTR), wherein said region of
complementarity is less than 30 nucleotides in length and the
antisense strand comprises 15 or more contiguous nucleotides of SEQ
ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:450, SEQ ID NO:730, or SEQ ID NO:1010. In a
related embodiment, the sense strand comprises 15 or more
contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:169,
[0011] SEQ ID NO:449, SEQ ID NO:729, or SEQ ID NO:1009. In yet
another related embodiment, the sense strand consists of SEQ ID
NO:449 and the antisense strand consists of SEQ ID NO:450. In yet
another related embodiment, the sense strand consists of SEQ ID
NO:729 and the antisense strand consists of SEQ ID NO:730. In still
another related embodiment, the sense strand consists of SEQ ID
NO:1009 and the antisense strand consists of SEQ ID NO:1010. In yet
another related embodiment, the dsRNA comprises a sense strand
selected from Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A, 6B, 7, and 16, and an antisense
strand selected from Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A, 6B, 7, and 16.
[0012] In certain embodiments, the region of complementarity
between the antisense strand of the dsRNA and the mRNA encoding
transthyretin is 19 nucleotides in length. In another embodiment,
the region of complementary consists of SEQ ID NO:169. In other
embodiments, each strand of the dsRNA is 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24
nucleotides in length. In still another embodiment, each strand is
21 nucleotides in length.
[0013] In certain embodiments, the dsRNA for inhibiting expression
of transthyretin does not cleave a TTR mRNA between the adenine
nucleotide at position 637 of SEQ ID NO:1331 and the guanine
nucleotide at position 638 of SEQ ID NO:1331. In other embodiments,
the dsRNA cleaves a TTR mRNA between the guanine nucleotide at
position 636 of SEQ ID NO:1331 and the adenine nucleotide at
position 637 of SEQ ID NO:1331. In certain embodiments, the dsRNA
anneals to a TTR mRNA between the guanine nucleotide at position
628 of SEQ ID NO:1331 and the uracil nucleotide at position 646 of
SEQ ID NO: 1331.
[0014] In still other related embodiments, the invention provides
dsRNA as described above for inhibiting expression of transthyretin
wherein the dsRNA comprises one or more modified nucleotides. In
related embodiments, at least one modified nucleotide (or
nucleotides) is chosen from the group consisting of: a 2'-O-methyl
modified nucleotide, a nucleotide comprising a 5'-phosphorothioate
group, and a terminal nucleotide linked to a cholesteryl derivative
or dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group. In another related
embodiment, the modified nucleotide is chosen from the group of: a
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro modified nucleotide, a 2'-deoxy-modified
nucleotide, a locked nucleotide, an abasic nucleotide,
2'-amino-modified nucleotide, 2'-alkyl-modified nucleotide,
morpholino nucleotide, a phosphoramidate, and a non-natural base
comprising nucleotide. In certain embodiments, the dsRNA comprises
at least one 2'-O-methyl modified nucleotide.
[0015] In other embodiments, a dsRNA as described above for
inhibiting expression of transthyretin is conjugated to a ligand,
or formulated in a lipid formulation. In certain embodiments, the
lipid formulation may be a LNP formulation, a LNP01 formulation, a
XTC-SNALP formulation, or a SNALP formulation. In related
embodiments, the XTC-SNALP formulation is as follows: using
2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl[1,3]-dioxolane (XTC) with
XTC/DPPC/Cholesterol/PEG-cDMA in a ratio of 57.1/7.1/34.4/1.4 and a
lipid:siRNA ratio of about 7. In still other related embodiments,
the sense strand of the dsRNA consists of SEQ ID NO:1009 and the
antisense strand consists of SEQ ID NO:1010, and the dsRNA is
formulated in a XTC-SNALP formulation as follows: using
2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl-[1,3]-dioxolane (XTC) with a
XTC/DPPC/Cholesterol/PEG-cDMA in a ratio of 57.1/7.1/34.4/1.4 and a
lipid:siRNA ratio of about 7. Alternatively, a dsRNA such as those
described above can be formulated in a LNP09 formulation as
follows: using XTC/DSPC/Chol/PEG.sub.2000-C14 in a ratio of
50/10/38.5/1.5 mol % and a lipid:siRNA ratio of about 11:1. In
another variation, the dsRNA is formulated in a LNP11 formulation
as follows: using MC3/DSPC/Chol/PEG.sub.2000-C14 in a ratio of
50/10/38.5/1.5 mol % and a lipid:siRNA ratio of about 11:1. In
still another embodiment, the dsRNA is formulated in a LNP09
formulation or a LNP11 formulation and reduces TTR mRNA levels by
about 85 to 90% at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, relative to a PBS control
group. In yet another embodiment, the dsRNA is formulated in a
LNP09 formulation or a LNP11 formulation and reduces TTR mRNA
levels by about 50% at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, relative to a PBS
control group. In yet another embodiment, the dsRNA is formulated
in a LNP09 formulation or a LNP11 formulation and reduces TTR
protein levels in a dose-dependent manner relative to a PBS control
group as measured by a western blot. In yet another embodiment, the
dsRNA is formulated in a SNALP formulation as follows: using
DlinDMA with a DLinDMA/DPPC/Cholesterol/PEG2000-cDMA in a ratio of
57.1/7.1/34.4/1.4 and a lipid:siRNA ratio of about 7.
[0016] In certain embodiments, the invention provides a dsRNA such
as those described above for inhibiting expression of
transthyretin, wherein administration of the dsRNA to a cell
results in about 95% inhibition of TTR mRNA expression as measured
by a real time PCR assay, wherein the cell is a HepG2 cell or a
Hep3B cell, and wherein the concentration of the dsRNA is 10 nM. In
related embodiments, administration of the dsRNA to a cell results
in about 74% inhibition of TTR mRNA expression as measured by a
branched DNA assay, wherein the cell is a HepG2 cell or a Hep3B
cell, and wherein the concentration of the dsRNA is 10 nM. In other
related embodiments, the dsRNA has an IC50 of less than 10 pM in a
HepG2 cell, wherein the concentration of the dsRNA is 10 nM. In
still other related embodiments, the dsRNA has an ED50 of about 1
mg/kg. In still other related embodiments, administration of the
dsRNA reduces TTR mRNA by about 80% in cynomolgus monkey liver,
wherein the concentration of the dsRNA is 3 mg/kg. In still other
related embodiments, administration of the dsRNA does not result in
immunostimulatory activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMCs) as measured by IFN-.alpha.lpha and TNF-.alpha.lpha
ELISA assays. In still other related embodiments, administration of
the dsRNA reduces liver TTR mRNA levels by about 97% or serum TTR
protein levels by about 90%, wherein the concentration of the dsRNA
is 6 mg/kg. In still other related embodiments, administration of
the dsRNA reduces liver TTR mRNA levels and/or serum TTR protein
levels up to 22 days, wherein the concentration of the dsRNA is 6
mg/kg or 3 mg/kg. In still other related embodiments, the dsRNA
suppresses serum TTR protein levels up to day 14 post-treatment
when administered to a subject in need thereof at 1 mg/kg or 3
mg/kg. In still other related embodiments, the dsRNA reduces TTR
expression by 98.9% in a Hep3B cell at a concentration of 0.1 nM as
measured by real-time PCR. In still other related embodiments, the
dsRNA reduces TTR expression by 99.4% in a Hep3B cell at a
concentration of 10 nM as measured by real-time PCR.
[0017] In other embodiments, the invention provides a
double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for inhibiting expression
of transthyretin (TTR), wherein said dsRNA comprises a sense strand
and an antisense strand, the antisense strand comprising a region
complementary to a part of a mRNA encoding transthyretin (TTR),
wherein said region of complementarity is less than 30 nucleotides
in length and wherein the dsRNA comprises a sense strand selected
from Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A, 6B, 7, and 16, and an antisense strand
selected from Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A, 6B, 7, and 16.
[0018] In another embodiment, the invention provides a
double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for inhibiting expression
of transthyretin (TTR), wherein said dsRNA comprises an antisense
strand comprising a region complementary to 15-30 nucleotides of
nucleotides 618-648 of SEQ ID NO: 1331 and wherein said antisense
strand base pairs with the guanine at position 628 of SEQ ID
NO:1331.
[0019] In certain embodiments, the invention provides a cell
containing any of the dsRNAs described in the Summary, above. In
certain other embodiments, the invention provides a vector
comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes at least one strand
of any of the dsRNAs described in the Summary, above. In certain
embodiments, the vector is in a cell.
[0020] In other embodiments, the invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting expression of a TTR gene
comprising any of the dsRNAs described in the Summary, above, and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In related embodiments, the
invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting
expression of a TTR gene comprising a dsRNA and a SNALP
formulation, wherein the dsRNA comprises an antisense strand which
is less than 30 nucleotides in length and comprises 15 or more
contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:450, SEQ ID
NO:730, or SEQ ID NO:1010, and wherein the SNALP formulation
comprises DlinDMA, DPPC, Cholesterol and PEG2000-cDMA in a ratio of
57.1/7.1/34.4/1.4 respectively.
[0021] In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a method
of inhibiting TTR expression in a cell, the method comprising: (a)
contacting the cell with any of dsRNAs described in the Summary,
above; and (b) maintaining the cell produced in step (a) for a time
sufficient to obtain degradation of the mRNA transcript of a TTR
gene, thereby inhibiting expression of the TTR gene in the
cell.
[0022] In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a method
of treating a disorder mediated by TTR expression comprising
administering to a human in need of such treatment a
therapeutically effective amount of any of the dsRNAs describe in
the Summary, above. In related embodiments, the dsRNA is
administered to the human at about 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0
mg/kg. In yet another related embodiment, the dsRNA is administered
to the human at about 1.0 mg/kg. In yet another related embodiment,
the human being treated has transthyretin amyloidosis, and/or a
liver disorder. In a related embodiment, the human is further
provided a liver transplant. In yet another embodiment,
administration of the dsRNA reduces TTR mRNA by about 80% in human
liver, wherein the concentration of the dsRNA is 3 mg/kg. In yet
another related embodiment, administration of the dsRNA does not
result in immunostimulatory activity in the human as measured by
IFN-.alpha.lpha and TNF-.alpha.lpha ELISA assays. In yet another
related embodiment, administration of the dsRNA reduces liver TTR
mRNA levels by about 97% or serum TTR protein levels by about 90%,
wherein the concentration of the dsRNA is 6 mg/kg. In yet another
related embodiment, administration of the dsRNA reduces liver TTR
mRNA levels and/or serum TTR protein levels up to 22 days, wherein
the concentration of the dsRNA is 6 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg. In yet
another related embodiment, the dsRNA is formulated in a LNP09
formulation as follows: using XTC/DSPC/Chol/PEG.sub.2000-C14 in a
ratio of 50/10/38.5/1.5 mol % and a lipid:siRNA ratio of about
11:1. In yet another related embodiment, the dsRNA is formulated in
a LNP11 formulation as follows: using
MC3/DSPC/Chol/PEG.sub.2000-C14 in a ratio of 50/10/38.5/1.5 mol %
and a lipid:siRNA ratio of about 11:1. In yet another related
embodiment, the dsRNA is formulated in a LNP09 formulation or a
LNP11 formulation and reduces TTR mRNA levels by about 85 to 90% at
a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, relative to a PBC control group. In yet
another related embodiment, the dsRNA is formulated in a LNP09
formulation or a LNP11 formulation and reduces TTR mRNA levels by
about 50% at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, relative to a PBC control group.
In still another related embodiment, the dsRNA is formulated in a
LNP09 formulation or a LNP11 formulation and reduces TTR protein
levels in a dose-dependent manner relative to a PBC control group
as measured by a western blot. In still another related embodiment,
administration of the dsRNA suppresses serum TTR protein levels up
to day 14 post-treatment when administered to human at 1 mg/kg or 3
mg/kg. In still another related embodiment, the dsRNA is formulated
in a SNALP formulation as follows: using DlinDMA with a
DLinDMA/DPPC/Cholesterol/PEG2000-cDMA in a ratio of
57.1/7.1/34.4/1.4 and a lipid:siRNA ratio of about 7.
[0023] In another embodiment, the invention provides the use of a
dsRNA for treating a disorder mediated by TTR expression comprising
administering to a human in need of such treatment a
therapeutically effective amount of any of the dsRNAs described in
the Summary, above. In related embodiments, the dsRNA is
administered to the human at about 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0
mg/kg. In a particular related embodiment, the dsRNA is
administered to the human at about 1.0 mg/kg. In another related
embodiment, the human has transthyretin amyloidosis, and/or a liver
disorder. In yet another embodiment of the use provided by the
invention, the treated human is further provided a liver
transplant.
[0024] In yet another embodiment, the invention provides the use of
a dsRNA in a method for inhibiting TTR expression in a cell,
wherein the method comprises (a) contacting the cell with a dsRNA
described in the Summary, above; and (b) maintaining the cell
produced in step (a) for a time sufficient to obtain degradation of
the mRNA transcript of a TTR gene, thereby inhibiting expression of
the TTR gene in the cell.
[0025] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are
set forth in the description below. Other features, objects, and
advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description
and the drawings, and from the claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] FIG. 1 is a graph of TNFalpha and IFNalpha levels in
cultured human PBMCs following transfection with TTR siRNAs.
[0027] FIGS. 2A and 2B are dose response curves for AD-18324 and
AD-18328, respectively, in HepG2 cells.
[0028] FIG. 3 is a dose response curve for AD-18246 in HepG2
cells.
[0029] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show inhibition of liver mRNA and plasma
protein levels, respectively, in transgenic
H129-mTTR-KO/iNOS-KO/hTTR mice by an intravenous bolus
administration of TTR-dsRNA (AD-18324, AD-18328 and AD-18246)
formulated in LNP01.
[0030] FIG. 5 is a graph summarizing the measurements of TTR mRNA
levels in livers of non-human primates following 15-minute
intravenous infusion of TTR-dsRNA (AD-18324 and AD-18328)
formulated in SNALP.
[0031] FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B show inhibition of human V30M TTR liver
mRNA and serum protein levels, respectively, in transgenic mice by
an intravenous bolus administration of SNALP-18328. Group means
were determined, normalized to the PBS control group, and then
plotted. Error bars represent standard deviations. The percentage
reduction of the group mean, relative to PBS, is indicated for the
SNALP-1955 and SNALP-18328 groups. (***p<0.001, One-way ANOVA,
with Dunn's post-hoc test).
[0032] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B show the durability of reduction of
human V30M TTR liver mRNA and serum protein levels, respectively,
in transgenic mice over 22 days following a single intravenous
bolus administration of SNALP-18328. Group means were determined.
TTR/GAPDH mRNA levels were normalized to day 0 levels and plotted.
The percent reduction of normalized TTR mRNA levels relative to
SNALP-1955 for each time point were calculated and are indicated
for the SNALP-18328 groups. (***p<0.001, One-way ANOVA, with
Dunn's post-hoc test).
[0033] FIG. 8 shows the timecourse of TTR serum protein levels in
non-human primates over 14 days following a single 15-minute
intravenous infusion of SNALP-18328.
[0034] FIG. 9 shows reduction of TTR-immunoreactivity in various
tissues of human V30M TTR/HSF-1 knock-out mice following
intravenous bolus administration of SNALP-18328. E, esophagus; S,
stomach; I1, intestine/duodenum; I4, intestine/colon; N, nerve; D,
dorsal root ganglia.
[0035] FIG. 10 shows the measurements of TTR mRNA levels in livers
of non-human primates following 15-minute intravenous infusion of
XTC-SNALP-18328.
[0036] FIGS. 11A and 11B show the measurements of TTR mRNA and
serum protein levels, respectively, in livers of non-human primates
following 15-minute intravenous infusion of LNP09-18328 or
LNP11-18328. FIG. 11C shows the timecourse of TTR serum protein
levels over 28 days following a 15-minute intravenous infusion of
0.3 mg/kg LNP09-18328, as compared to the PBS control group.
[0037] FIG. 12 shows the sequence of human TTR mRNA (Ref. Seq.
NM_000371.3, SEQ ID NO:1331).
[0038] FIGS. 13A and 13B are the sequences of human and rat TTR
mRNA, respectively. FIG. 13A is the sequence of human TTR mRNA
(Ref. Seq. NM_000371.2, SEQ ID NO:1329). FIG. 13B is the sequence
of rat TTR mRNA (Ref. Seq. NM_012681.1, SEQ ID NO:1330).
[0039] FIG. 14 shows the nucleotide alignment of NM_000371.3 (SEQ
ID NO: 1331), NM_000371.2 (SEQ ID NO: 1329), and AD-18328 (SEQ ID
NO: 1410).
[0040] FIG. 15 illustrates symptoms and mutations in TTR associated
with familial amyloidotic neuropathy, familial amyloidotic
cardiomyopathy and CNS amyloidosis.
[0041] FIG. 16 shows reduction of TTR mRNA levels in the liver with
SNALP-18534 with different infusion durations. Groups of animals
(n=4/group) were administered 1 mg/kg SNALP-18534 via a 15-minute,
or 1, 2, or 3 hour infusion. Forty-eight hours later, rats were
euthanized and livers harvested. TTR and GAPDH mRNA levels were
measured from liver lysates using the Quantigene bDNA assay. The
ratio of TTR to GAPDH mRNA levels was calculated for each animal.
Group means were determined and normalized to a PBS control group,
and then plotted. Error bars represent standard deviations.
(***p<0.001, One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test,
relative to PBS).
[0042] FIG. 17 shows the measurements of TTR mRNA levels in livers
of rats following 15-minute intravenous infusion of LNP07-18534 or
LNP08-18534.
[0043] FIG. 18 shows in vivo inhibition of endogenous TTR mRNA
levels in livers of Sprague-Dawley Rats following a 15-min IV
infusion of LNP09-18534 or LNP11-18534. Groups of animals
(n=4/group) were intravenously administered 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3
mg/kg LNP09-18534, LNP-11-18534; or PBS via a 15-minute infusion.
Forty-eight hours later, animals were euthanized and livers
harvested. TTR and GAPDH mRNA levels were measured from liver
biopsy lysates using the Quantigene bDNA assay. The ratio of TTR to
GAPDH mRNA levels was calculated for each animal. Group means were
determined, normalized to the PBS control group, and then plotted.
Error bars represent standard deviations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0044] The invention provides dsRNAs and methods of using the
dsRNAs for inhibiting the expression of a TTR gene in a cell or a
mammal where the dsRNA targets a TTR gene. The invention also
provides compositions and methods for treating pathological
conditions and diseases, such as a TTR amyloidosis, in a mammal
caused by the expression of a TTR gene. dsRNA directs the
sequence-specific degradation of mRNA through a process known as
RNA interference (RNAi).
[0045] The dsRNAs of the compositions featured herein include an
RNA strand (the antisense strand) having a region which is less
than 30 nucleotides in length, generally 19-24 nucleotides in
length, and is substantially complementary to at least part of an
mRNA transcript of a TTR gene. The use of these dsRNAs enables the
targeted degradation of mRNAs of genes that are implicated in
pathologies associated with TTR expression in mammals. Very low
dosages of TTR dsRNAs in particular can specifically and
efficiently mediate RNAi, resulting in significant inhibition of
expression of a TTR gene. Using cell-based assays, the present
inventors have demonstrated that dsRNAs targeting TTR can
specifically and efficiently mediate RNAi, resulting in significant
inhibition of expression of a TTR gene. Thus, methods and
compositions including these dsRNAs are useful for treating
pathological processes that can be mediated by down regulating TTR,
such as in the treatment of a liver disorder or a TTR amyloidosis,
e.g., FAP.
[0046] The methods and compositions containing a TTR dsRNA are
useful for treating pathological processes mediated by TTR
expression, such as a TTR amyloidosis. In an embodiment, a method
of treating a disorder mediated by TTR expression includes
administering to a human in need of such treatment a
therapeutically effective amount of a dsRNA targeted to TTR. In an
embodiment, a dsRNA is administered to the human at about 0.01,
0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 mg/kg.
[0047] The following detailed description discloses how to make and
use the compositions containing dsRNAs to inhibit the expression of
a TTR gene, as well as compositions and methods for treating
diseases and disorders caused by the expression of this gene. The
pharmaceutical compositions featured in the invention include a
dsRNA having an antisense strand comprising a region of
complementarity which is less than 30 nucleotides in length,
generally 19-24 nucleotides in length, and is substantially
complementary to at least part of an RNA transcript of a TTR gene,
together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The
compositions featured in the invention also include a dsRNA having
an antisense strand having a region of complementarity which is
less than 30 nucleotides in length, generally 19-24 nucleotides in
length, and is substantially complementary to at least part of an
RNA transcript of a TTR gene.
[0048] The sense strand of a dsRNA can include 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
20, 21, or more contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:169, SEQ ID
NO:449, SEQ ID NO:729, or SEQ ID NO:1009. The antisense strand of a
dsRNA can include 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, or more contiguous
nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:450, SEQ ID NO:730, or SEQ
ID NO:1010. In an embodiment, the sense strand of a dsRNA can
consist of SEQ ID NO:449 or fragments thereof and the antisense
strand can consist of SEQ ID NO:450 or fragments thereof. In an
embodiment, the sense strand of a dsRNA can consist of SEQ ID
NO:729 or fragments thereof and the antisense strand can consist of
SEQ ID NO:730 or fragments thereof. In an embodiment, the sense
strand of a dsRNA can consist of SEQ ID NO:1009 or fragments
thereof and the antisense strand can consist of SEQ ID NO:1010 or
fragments thereof.
[0049] In an embodiment, a dsRNA can include at least 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more modified nucleotides. In an embodiment,
a modified nucleotide can include a 2'-O-methyl modified
nucleotide, a nucleotide comprising a 5'-phosphorothioate group,
and/or a terminal nucleotide linked to a cholesteryl derivative or
dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group. In an embodiment, a modified
nucleotide can include a 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro modified nucleotide, a
2'-deoxy-modified nucleotide, a locked nucleotide, an abasic
nucleotide, 2'-amino-modified nucleotide, 2'-alkyl-modified
nucleotide, morpholino nucleotide, a phosphoramidate, and/or a
non-natural base comprising nucleotide.
[0050] In an embodiment, the region of complementary of a dsRNA is
at least 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, or more
nucleotides in length. In an embodiment, the region of
complementary includes 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, or more contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:169.
[0051] In an embodiment, each strand of a dsRNA is 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more nucleotides
in length. In an embodiment, the dsRNA includes a sense strand, or
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 nucleotide
fragment thereof, selected from Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A, 6B, 7, and
16, and an antisense strand, or 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, or 21 nucleotide fragment thereof, selected from Tables 3A,
3B, 4, 6A, 6B, 7, and 16.
[0052] In an embodiment, administration of a dsRNA to a cell
results in about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%,
95% or more inhibition of TTR mRNA expression as measured by a real
time PCR assay. In an embodiment, administration of a dsRNA to a
cell results in about 40% to 45%, 45% to 50%, 50% to 55%, 55% to
60%, 60% to 65%, 65% to 70%, 70% to 75%, 75% to 80%, 80% to 85%,
85% to 90%, 90% to 95% or more inhibition of TTR mRNA expression as
measured by a real time PCR assay. In an embodiment, administration
of a dsRNA to a cell results in about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%,
70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 95% or more inhibition of TTR mRNA expression
as measured by a branched DNA assay. In an embodiment,
administration of a dsRNA to a cell results in about 40% to 45%,
45% to 50%, 50% to 55%, 55% to 60%, 60% to 65%, 65% to 70%, 70% to
75%, 75% to 80%, 80% to 85%, 85% to 90%, 90% to 95% or more
inhibition of TTR mRNA expression as measured by a branched DNA
assay.
[0053] In an embodiment, a dsRNA has an IC50 of less than 0.01 pM,
0.1 pM, 1 pM, 5 pM, 10 pM, 100 pM, or 1000 pM. In an embodiment, a
dsRNA has an ED50 of about 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg.
[0054] In an embodiment, administration of a dsRNA can reduce TTR
mRNA by about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 95%
or more in cynomolgus monkeys. In an embodiment, administration of
a dsRNA reduces liver TTR mRNA levels by about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%,
60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 95% or more or serum TTR protein
levels by about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%,
95% or more. In an embodiment, administration of a dsRNA reduces
liver TTR mRNA levels and/or serum TTR protein levels up to 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or more days.
[0055] In an embodiment, a dsRNA is formulated in a LNP formulation
and reduces TTR mRNA levels by about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%,
70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 95% or more at a dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4,
0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1 mg/kg, relative to a PBC control
group. In an embodiment, a dsRNA is formulated in a LNP formulation
and reduces TTR protein levels about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%,
70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 95% or more relative to a PBC control group as
measured by a western blot. In an embodiment, a dsRNA suppresses
serum TTR protein levels up to day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25
post-treatment when administered to a subject in need thereof at 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 mg/kg.
[0056] Accordingly, in some aspects, pharmaceutical compositions
containing a TTR dsRNA and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,
methods of using the compositions to inhibit expression of a TTR
gene, and methods of using the pharmaceutical compositions to treat
diseases caused by expression of a TTR gene are featured in the
invention.
[0057] I. Definitions
[0058] For convenience, the meaning of certain terms and phrases
used in the specification, examples, and appended claims, are
provided below. If there is an apparent discrepancy between the
usage of a term in other parts of this specification and its
definition provided in this section, the definition in this section
shall prevail.
[0059] "G," "C," "A" and "U" each generally stand for a nucleotide
that contains guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil as a base,
respectively. "T" and "dT" are used interchangeably herein and
refer to a deoxyribonucleotide wherein the nucleobase is thymine,
e.g., deoxyribothymine. However, it will be understood that the
term "ribonucleotide" or "nucleotide" or "deoxyribonucleotide" can
also refer to a modified nucleotide, as further detailed below, or
a surrogate replacement moiety. The skilled person is well aware
that guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil may be replaced by
other moieties without substantially altering the base pairing
properties of an oligonucleotide comprising a nucleotide bearing
such replacement moiety. For example, without limitation, a
nucleotide comprising inosine as its base may base pair with
nucleotides containing adenine, cytosine, or uracil. Hence,
nucleotides containing uracil, guanine, or adenine may be replaced
in the nucleotide sequences of the invention by a nucleotide
containing, for example, inosine. Sequences comprising such
replacement moieties are embodiments of the invention.
[0060] As used herein, "transthyretin" ("TTR") refers to a gene in
a cell. TTR is also known as ATTR, HsT2651, PALB, prealbumin, TBPA,
and transthyretin (prealbumin, amyloidosis type I). The sequence of
a human TTR mRNA transcript can be found at NM_000371. The sequence
of mouse TTR mRNA can be found at NM_013697.2, and the sequence of
rat TTR mRNA can be found at NM_012681.1.
[0061] As used herein, "target sequence" refers to a contiguous
portion of the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule formed
during the transcription of a TTR gene, including mRNA that is a
product of RNA processing of a primary transcription product.
[0062] As used herein, the term "strand comprising a sequence"
refers to an oligonucleotide comprising a chain of nucleotides that
is described by the sequence referred to using the standard
nucleotide nomenclature.
[0063] As used herein, and unless otherwise indicated, the term
"complementary," when used to describe a first nucleotide sequence
in relation to a second nucleotide sequence, refers to the ability
of an oligonucleotide or polynucleotide comprising the first
nucleotide sequence to hybridize and form a duplex structure under
certain conditions with an oligonucleotide or polynucleotide
comprising the second nucleotide sequence, as will be understood by
the skilled person. Such conditions can, for example, be stringent
conditions, where stringent conditions may include: 400 mM NaCl, 40
mM PIPES pH 6.4, 1 mM EDTA, 50.degree. C. or 70.degree. C. for
12-16 hours followed by washing. Other conditions, such as
physiologically relevant conditions as may be encountered inside an
organism, can apply. The skilled person will be able to determine
the set of conditions most appropriate for a test of
complementarity of two sequences in accordance with the ultimate
application of the hybridized nucleotides.
[0064] This includes base-pairing of the oligonucleotide or
polynucleotide comprising the first nucleotide sequence to the
oligonucleotide or polynucleotide comprising the second nucleotide
sequence over the entire length of the first and second nucleotide
sequence. Such sequences can be referred to as "fully
complementary" with respect to each other herein. However, where a
first sequence is referred to as "substantially complementary" with
respect to a second sequence herein, the two sequences can be fully
complementary, or they may form one or more, but generally not more
than 4, 3 or 2 mismatched base pairs upon hybridization, while
retaining the ability to hybridize under the conditions most
relevant to their ultimate application. However, where two
oligonucleotides are designed to form, upon hybridization, one or
more single stranded overhangs, such overhangs shall not be
regarded as mismatches with regard to the determination of
complementarity. For example, a dsRNA comprising one
oligonucleotide 21 nucleotides in length and another
oligonucleotide 23 nucleotides in length, wherein the longer
oligonucleotide comprises a sequence of 21 nucleotides that is
fully complementary to the shorter oligonucleotide, may yet be
referred to as "fully complementary" for the purposes described
herein.
[0065] "Complementary" sequences, as used herein, may also include,
or be formed entirely from, non-Watson-Crick base pairs and/or base
pairs formed from non-natural and modified nucleotides, in as far
as the above requirements with respect to their ability to
hybridize are fulfilled. Such non-Watson-Crick base pairs includes,
but not limited to, G:U Wobble or Hoogstein base pairing.
[0066] The terms "complementary," "fully complementary" and
"substantially complementary" herein may be used with respect to
the base matching between the sense strand and the antisense strand
of a dsRNA, or between the antisense strand of a dsRNA and a target
sequence, as will be understood from the context of their use.
[0067] As used herein, a polynucleotide that is "substantially
complementary to at least part of" a messenger RNA (mRNA) refers to
a polynucleotide that is substantially complementary to a
contiguous portion of the mRNA of interest (e.g., an mRNA encoding
TTR) including a 5' UTR, an open reading frame (ORF), or a 3' UTR.
For example, a polynucleotide is complementary to at least a part
of a TTR mRNA if the sequence is substantially complementary to a
non-interrupted portion of an mRNA encoding TTR.
[0068] The term "double-stranded RNA" or "dsRNA," as used herein,
refers to a complex of ribonucleic acid molecules, having a duplex
structure comprising two anti-parallel and substantially
complementary, as defined above, nucleic acid strands. In general,
the majority of nucleotides of each strand are ribonucleotides, but
as described in detail herein, each or both strands can also
include at least one non-ribonucleotide, e.g., a
deoxyribonucleotide and/or a modified nucleotide. In addition, as
used in this specification, "dsRNA" may include chemical
modifications to ribonucleotides, including substantial
modifications at multiple nucleotides and including all types of
modifications disclosed herein or known in the art. Any such
modifications, as used in an siRNA type molecule, are encompassed
by "dsRNA" for the purposes of this specification and claims.
[0069] The two strands forming the duplex structure may be
different portions of one larger RNA molecule, or they may be
separate RNA molecules. Where the two strands are part of one
larger molecule, and therefore are connected by an uninterrupted
chain of nucleotides between the 3'-end of one strand and the
5'-end of the respective other strand forming the duplex structure,
the connecting RNA chain is referred to as a "hairpin loop." Where
the two strands are connected covalently by means other than an
uninterrupted chain of nucleotides between the 3'-end of one strand
and the 5'-end of the respective other strand forming the duplex
structure, the connecting structure is referred to as a "linker."
The RNA strands may have the same or a different number of
nucleotides. The maximum number of base pairs is the number of
nucleotides in the shortest strand of the dsRNA minus any overhangs
that are present in the duplex. In addition to the duplex
structure, a dsRNA may comprise one or more nucleotide overhangs.
The term "siRNA" is also used herein to refer to a dsRNA as
described above.
[0070] As used herein, a "nucleotide overhang" refers to the
unpaired nucleotide or nucleotides that protrude from the duplex
structure of a dsRNA when a 3'-end of one strand of the dsRNA
extends beyond the 5'-end of the other strand, or vice versa.
"Blunt" or "blunt end" means that there are no unpaired nucleotides
at that end of the dsRNA, i.e., no nucleotide overhang. A "blunt
ended" dsRNA is a dsRNA that is double-stranded over its entire
length, i.e., no nucleotide overhang at either end of the
molecule.
[0071] The term "antisense strand" refers to the strand of a dsRNA
which includes a region that is substantially complementary to a
target sequence. As used herein, the term "region of
complementarity" refers to the region on the antisense strand that
is substantially complementary to a sequence, for example a target
sequence, as defined herein. Where the region of complementarity is
not fully complementary to the target sequence, the mismatches are
most tolerated in the terminal regions and, if present, are
generally in a terminal region or regions, e.g., within 6, 5, 4, 3,
or 2 nucleotides of the 5' and/or 3' terminus.
[0072] The term "sense strand," as used herein, refers to the
strand of a dsRNA that includes a region that is substantially
complementary to a region of the antisense strand.
[0073] As used herein, the term "SNALP" refers to a stable nucleic
acid-lipid particle. A SNALP represents a vesicle of lipids coating
a reduced aqueous interior comprising a nucleic acid such as a
dsRNA or a plasmid from which a dsRNA is transcribed. SNALP are
described, e.g., in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos.
20060240093, 20070135372, and U.S. Ser. No. 61/045,228 filed on
Apr. 15, 2008. These applications are hereby incorporated by
reference. "Introducing into a cell," when referring to a dsRNA,
means facilitating uptake or absorption into the cell, as is
understood by those skilled in the art. Absorption or uptake of
dsRNA can occur through unaided diffusive or active cellular
processes, or by auxiliary agents or devices. The meaning of this
term is not limited to cells in vitro; a dsRNA may also be
"introduced into a cell," wherein the cell is part of a living
organism. In such instance, introduction into the cell will include
the delivery to the organism. For example, for in vivo delivery,
dsRNA can be injected into a tissue site or administered
systemically. In vitro introduction into a cell includes methods
known in the art such as electroporation and lipofection. Further
approaches are described herein or known in the art.
[0074] The terms "silence," "inhibit the expression of,"
"down-regulate the expression of," "suppress the expression of" and
the like in as far as they refer to a TTR gene, herein refer to the
at least partial suppression of the expression of a TTR gene, as
manifested by a reduction of the amount of mRNA which may be
isolated from a first cell or group of cells in which a TTR gene is
transcribed and which has or have been treated such that the
expression of a TTR gene is inhibited, as compared to a second cell
or group of cells substantially identical to the first cell or
group of cells but which has or have not been so treated (control
cells). The degree of inhibition is usually expressed in terms
of
( mRNA in control cells ) - ( mRNA in treated cells ) ( mRNA in
control cells ) 100 % ##EQU00001##
[0075] Alternatively, the degree of inhibition may be given in
terms of a reduction of a parameter that is functionally linked to
TTR gene expression, e.g., the amount of protein encoded by a TTR
gene which is secreted by a cell, or the number of cells displaying
a certain phenotype, e.g., apoptosis. In principle, TTR gene
silencing may be determined in any cell expressing the target,
either constitutively or by genomic engineering, and by any
appropriate assay. However, when a reference is needed in order to
determine whether a given dsRNA inhibits the expression of a TTR
gene by a certain degree and therefore is encompassed by the
instant invention, the assays provided in the Examples below shall
serve as such reference.
[0076] For example, in certain instances, expression of a TTR gene
is suppressed by at least about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%,
40%, 45%, or 50% by administration of the double-stranded
oligonucleotide featured in the invention. In some embodiments, a
TTR gene is suppressed by at least about 60%, 70%, or 80% by
administration of the double-stranded oligonucleotide featured in
the invention. In some embodiments, a TTR gene is suppressed by at
least about 85%, 90%, or 95% by administration of the
double-stranded oligonucleotide featured in the invention.
[0077] As used herein in the context of TTR expression, the terms
"treat," "treatment," and the like, refer to relief from or
alleviation of pathological processes mediated by TTR expression.
In the context of the present invention insofar as it relates to
any of the other conditions recited herein below (other than
pathological processes mediated by TTR expression), the terms
"treat," "treatment," and the like mean to relieve or alleviate at
least one symptom associated with such condition, or to slow or
reverse the progression of such condition, such as the slowing the
progression of a TTR amyloidosis, such as FAP. Symptoms of TTR
amyloidosis include sensory neuropathy (e.g. paresthesia,
hypesthesia in distal limbs), autonomic neuropathy (e.g.,
gastrointestinal dysfunction, such as gastric ulcer, or orthostatic
hypotension), motor neuropathy, seizures, dementia, myelopathy,
polyneuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, autonomic insufficiency,
cardiomyopathy, vitreous opacities, renal insufficiency,
nephropathy, substantially reduced mBMI (modified Body Mass Index),
cranial nerve dysfunction, and corneal lattice dystrophy.
[0078] As used herein, the phrases "therapeutically effective
amount" and "prophylactically effective amount" refer to an amount
that provides a therapeutic benefit in the treatment, prevention,
or management of pathological processes mediated by TTR expression
or an overt symptom of pathological processes mediated by TTR
expression. The specific amount that is therapeutically effective
can be readily determined by an ordinary medical practitioner, and
may vary depending on factors known in the art, such as, for
example, the type of pathological processes mediated by TTR
expression, the patient's history and age, the stage of
pathological processes mediated by TTR expression, and the
administration of other anti-pathological processes mediated by TTR
expression agents.
[0079] As used herein, a "pharmaceutical composition" comprises a
pharmacologically effective amount of a dsRNA and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. As used herein,
"pharmacologically effective amount," "therapeutically effective
amount" or simply "effective amount" refers to that amount of an
RNA effective to produce the intended pharmacological, therapeutic
or preventive result. For example, if a given clinical treatment is
considered effective when there is at least a 25% reduction in a
measurable parameter associated with a disease or disorder, a
therapeutically effective amount of a drug for the treatment of
that disease or disorder is the amount necessary to effect at least
a 25% reduction in that parameter. For example, a therapeutically
effective amount of a dsRNA targeting TTR can reduce TTR serum
levels by at least 25%. In another example, a therapeutically
effective amount of a dsRNA targeting TTR can improve liver
function or renal function by at least 25%.
[0080] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" refers to a
carrier for administration of a therapeutic agent. Such carriers
include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose,
water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof. The term
specifically excludes cell culture medium. For drugs administered
orally, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not
limited to pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as inert
diluents, disintegrating agents, binding agents, lubricating
agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and
preservatives. Suitable inert diluents include sodium and calcium
carbonate, sodium and calcium phosphate, and lactose, while corn
starch and alginic acid are suitable disintegrating agents. Binding
agents may include starch and gelatin, while the lubricating agent,
if present, will generally be magnesium stearate, stearic acid or
talc. If desired, the tablets may be coated with a material such as
glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, to delay absorption
in the gastrointestinal tract.
[0081] As used herein, a "transformed cell" is a cell into which a
vector has been introduced from which a dsRNA molecule may be
expressed.
[0082] II. Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid (dsRNA)
[0083] As described in more detail herein, the invention provides
double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) molecules for inhibiting
the expression of a TTR gene in a cell or mammal, e.g., in a human
having a TTR amyloidosis, where the dsRNA includes an antisense
strand having a region of complementarity which is complementary to
at least a part of an mRNA formed in the expression of a TTR gene,
and where the region of complementarity is less than 30 nucleotides
in length, generally 19-24 nucleotides in length, and where said
dsRNA, upon contact with a cell expressing said TTR gene, inhibits
the expression of said TTR gene by at least 30% as assayed by, for
example, a PCR or branched DNA (bDNA)-based method, or by a
protein-based method, such as by Western blot. Expression of a TTR
gene can be reduced by at least 30% when measured by an assay as
described in the Examples below. For example, expression of a TTR
gene in cell culture, such as in Hep3B cells, can be assayed by
measuring TTR mRNA levels, such as by bDNA or TaqMan assay, or by
measuring protein levels, such as by ELISA assay. The dsRNA of the
invention can further include one or more single-stranded
nucleotide overhangs.
[0084] The dsRNA can be synthesized by standard methods known in
the art as further discussed below, e.g., by use of an automated
DNA synthesizer, such as are commercially available from, for
example, Biosearch, Applied Biosystems, Inc. The dsRNA includes two
RNA strands that are sufficiently complementary to hybridize to
form a duplex structure. One strand of the dsRNA (the antisense
strand) includes a region of complementarity that is substantially
complementary, and generally fully complementary, to a target
sequence, derived from the sequence of an mRNA formed during the
expression of a TTR gene, the other strand (the sense strand)
includes a region that is complementary to the antisense strand,
such that the two strands hybridize and form a duplex structure
when combined under suitable conditions. Generally, the duplex
structure is between 15 and 30 or between 25 and 30, or between 18
and 25, or between 19 and 24, or between 19 and 21, or 19, 20, or
21 base pairs in length. In one embodiment the duplex is 19 base
pairs in length. In another embodiment the duplex is 21 base pairs
in length. When two different siRNAs are used in combination, the
duplex lengths can be identical or can differ.
[0085] Each strand of the dsRNA of invention is generally between
15 and 30, or between 18 and 25, or 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or
25 nucleotides in length. In other embodiments, each is strand is
25-30 nucleotides in length. Each strand of the duplex can be the
same length or of different lengths. When two different siRNAs are
used in combination, the lengths of each strand of each siRNA can
be identical or can differ.
[0086] The dsRNA of the invention can include one or more
single-stranded overhang(s) of one or more nucleotides. In one
embodiment, at least one end of the dsRNA has a single-stranded
nucleotide overhang of 1 to 4, generally 1 or 2 nucleotides. In
another embodiment, the antisense strand of the dsRNA has 1-10
nucleotides overhangs each at the 3' end and the 5' end over the
sense strand. In further embodiments, the sense strand of the dsRNA
has 1-10 nucleotides overhangs each at the 3' end and the 5' end
over the antisense strand.
[0087] A dsRNAs having at least one nucleotide overhang can have
unexpectedly superior inhibitory properties than the blunt-ended
counterpart. In some embodiments the presence of only one
nucleotide overhang strengthens the interference activity of the
dsRNA, without affecting its overall stability. A dsRNA having only
one overhang has proven particularly stable and effective in vivo,
as well as in a variety of cells, cell culture mediums, blood, and
serum. Generally, the single-stranded overhang is located at the
3'-terminal end of the antisense strand or, alternatively, at the
3'-terminal end of the sense strand. The dsRNA can also have a
blunt end, generally located at the 5'-end of the antisense strand.
Such dsRNAs can have improved stability and inhibitory activity,
thus allowing administration at low dosages, i.e., less than 5
mg/kg body weight of the recipient per day. Generally, the
antisense strand of the dsRNA has a nucleotide overhang at the
3'-end, and the 5'-end is blunt. In another embodiment, one or more
of the nucleotides in the overhang is replaced with a nucleoside
thiophosphate.
[0088] In one embodiment, a TTR gene is a human TTR gene. In
specific embodiments, the sense strand of the dsRNA is one of the
sense sequences from Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A, 6B, or 7, and the
antisense strand is one of the antisense sequences of Tables 3A,
3B, 4, 6A, 6B, or 7. Alternative antisense agents that target
elsewhere in the target sequence provided in Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A,
6B, or 7 can readily be determined using the target sequence and
the flanking TTR sequence.
[0089] The skilled person is well aware that dsRNAs having a duplex
structure of between 20 and 23, but specifically 21, base pairs
have been hailed as particularly effective in inducing RNA
interference (Elbashir et al., EMBO 2001, 20:6877-6888). However,
others have found that shorter or longer dsRNAs can be effective as
well. In the embodiments described above, by virtue of the nature
of the oligonucleotide sequences provided in Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A,
6B, and 7, the dsRNAs featured in the invention can include at
least one strand of a length described herein. It can be reasonably
expected that shorter dsRNAs having one of the sequences of Tables
3A, 3B, 4, 6A, 6B, or 7 minus only a few nucleotides on one or both
ends may be similarly effective as compared to the dsRNAs described
above. Hence, dsRNAs having a partial sequence of at least 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, or more contiguous nucleotides from one of the
sequences of Tables 3, 4, 6 or 7, and differing in their ability to
inhibit the expression of a TTR gene in an assay as described
herein below by not more than 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30% inhibition
from a dsRNA comprising the full sequence, are contemplated by the
invention. Further, dsRNAs that cleave within a desired TTR target
sequence can readily be made using the corresponding TTR antisense
sequence and a complementary sense sequence.
[0090] In addition, the dsRNAs provided in Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A,
6B, or 7 identify a site in a TTR that is susceptible to RNAi based
cleavage. As such, the present invention further features dsRNAs
that target within the sequence targeted by one of the agents of
the present invention. As used herein, a second dsRNA is said to
target within the sequence of a first dsRNA if the second dsRNA
cleaves the message anywhere within the mRNA that is complementary
to the antisense strand of the first dsRNA. Such a second dsRNA
will generally consist of at least 15 contiguous nucleotides from
one of the sequences provided in Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 6A, 6B, or 7
coupled to additional nucleotide sequences taken from the region
contiguous to the selected sequence in a TTR gene.
[0091] The dsRNA featured in the invention can contain one or more
mismatches to the target sequence. In one embodiment, the dsRNA
featured in the invention contains no more than 3 mismatches. If
the antisense strand of the dsRNA contains mismatches to a target
sequence, it is preferable that the area of mismatch not be located
in the center of the region of complementarity. If the antisense
strand of the dsRNA contains mismatches to the target sequence, it
is preferable that the mismatch be restricted to 5 nucleotides from
either end, for example 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 nucleotide from either the
5' or 3' end of the region of complementarity. For example, for a
23 nucleotide dsRNA strand which is complementary to a region of a
TTR gene, the dsRNA generally does not contain any mismatch within
the central 13 nucleotides. The methods described within the
invention can be used to determine whether a dsRNA containing a
mismatch to a target sequence is effective in inhibiting the
expression of a TTR gene. Consideration of the efficacy of dsRNAs
with mismatches in inhibiting expression of a TTR gene is
important, especially if the particular region of complementarity
in a TTR gene is known to have polymorphic sequence variation
within the population.
[0092] Modifications
[0093] In yet another embodiment, the dsRNA is chemically modified
to enhance stability. The nucleic acids featured in the invention
may be synthesized and/or modified by methods well established in
the art, such as those described in "Current protocols in nucleic
acid chemistry," Beaucage, S. L. et al. (Eds.), John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., USA, which is hereby incorporated
herein by reference. Specific examples of dsRNA compounds useful in
this invention include dsRNAs containing modified backbones or no
natural internucleoside linkages. As defined in this specification,
dsRNAs having modified backbones include those that retain a
phosphorus atom in the backbone and those that do not have a
phosphorus atom in the backbone. For the purposes of this
specification, and as sometimes referenced in the art, modified
dsRNAs that do not have a phosphorus atom in their internucleoside
backbone can also be considered to be oligonucleosides.
[0094] Modified dsRNA backbones include, for example,
phosphorothioates, chiral phosphorothioates, phosphorodithioates,
phosphotriesters, aminoalkylphosphotriesters, methyl and other
alkyl phosphonates including 3'-alkylene phosphonates and chiral
phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphoramidates including
3.sup.1-amino phosphoramidate and aminoalkylphosphoramidates,
thionophosphoramidates, thionoalkylphosphonates,
thionoalkylphosphotriesters, and boranophosphates having normal
3.sup.1-5' linkages, 2.sup.1-5' linked analogs of these, and those)
having inverted polarity wherein the adjacent pairs of nucleoside
units are linked 3'-5' to 5'-3' or 2'-5' to 5'-2'. Various salts,
mixed salts and free acid forms are also included.
[0095] Representative U.S. patents that teach the preparation of
the above phosphorus-containing linkages include, but are not
limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,687,808; 4,469,863; 4,476,301;
5,023,243; 5,177,195; 5,188,897; 5,264,423; 5,276,019; 5,278,302;
5,286,717; 5,321,131; 5,399,676; 5,405,939; 5,453,496; 5,455,233;
5,466,677; 5,476,925; 5,519,126; 5,536,821; 5,541,316; 5,550,111;
5,563,253; 5,571,799; 5,587,361; and 5,625,050, each of which is
herein incorporated by reference
[0096] Modified dsRNA backbones that do not include a phosphorus
atom therein have backbones that are formed by short chain alkyl or
cycloalkyl internucleoside linkages, mixed heteroatoms and alkyl or
cycloalkyl internucleoside linkages, or ore or more short chain
heteroatomic or heterocyclic internucleoside linkages. These
include those having morpholino linkages (formed in part from the
sugar portion of a nucleoside); siloxane backbones; sulfide,
sulfoxide and sulfone backbones; formacetyl and thioformacetyl
backbones; methylene formacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones;
alkene containing backbones; sulfamate backbones; methyleneimino
and methylenehydrazino backbones; sulfonate and sulfonamide
backbones; amide backbones; and others having mixed N, O, S and
CH.sub.2 component parts.
[0097] Representative U.S. patents that teach the preparation of
the above oligonucleosides include, but are not limited to, U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,034,506; 5,166,315; 5,185,444; 5,214,134; 5,216,141;
5,235,033; 5,64,562; 5,264,564; 5,405,938; 5,434,257; 5,466,677;
5,470,967; 5,489,677; 5,541,307; 5,561,225; 5,596,086; 5,602,240;
5,608,046; 5,610,289; 5,618,704; 5,623,070; 5,663,312; 5,633,360;
5,677,437; and, 5,677,439, each of which is herein incorporated by
reference.
[0098] In other suitable dsRNA mimetics, both the sugar and the
internucleoside linkage, i.e., the backbone, of the nucleotide
units are replaced with novel groups. The base units are maintained
for hybridization with an appropriate nucleic acid target compound.
One such oligomeric compound, a dsRNA mimetic that has been shown
to have excellent hybridization properties, is referred to as a
peptide nucleic acid (PNA). In PNA compounds, the sugar backbone of
a dsRNA is replaced with an amide containing backbone, in
particular an aminoethylglycine backbone. The nucleobases are
retained and are bound directly or indirectly to aza nitrogen atoms
of the amide portion of the backbone. Representative U.S. patents
that teach the preparation of PNA compounds include, but are not
limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,539,082; 5,714,331; and 5,719,262,
each of which is herein incorporated by reference. Further teaching
of PNA compounds can be found in Nielsen et al., Science, 1991,
254, 1497-1500.
[0099] Other embodiments of the invention are dsRNAs with
phosphorothioate backbones and oligonucleosides with heteroatom
backbones, and in particular --CH.sub.2--NH--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--O--CH.sub.2[known as a methylene
(methylimino) or MMI backbone],
--CH.sub.2--O--N(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--N(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2-- and
--N(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2[wherein the native phosphodiester
backbone is represented as --O--P--O--CH.sub.2--] of the
above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,677, and the amide backbones
of the above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,240. Also preferred are
dsRNAs having morpholino backbone structures of the
above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,506.
[0100] Modified dsRNAs may also contain one or more substituted
sugar moieties. Preferred dsRNAs comprise one of the following at
the 2' position: OH; F; O-, S-, or N-alkyl; O-, S-, or N-alkenyl;
O-, S- or N-alkynyl; or O-alkyl-O-alkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl
and alkynyl may be substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 to C.sub.10
alkyl or C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 alkenyl and alkynyl. Particularly
preferred are O[(CH.sub.2).sub.nO].sub.mCH.sub.3,
O(CH.sub.2).sub.nOCH.sub.3, O(CH.sub.2).sub.nNH.sub.2,
O(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, O(CH.sub.2).sub.nONH.sub.2, and
O(CH.sub.2).sub.nON[(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3)].sub.2, where n and m
are from 1 to about 10. Other preferred dsRNAs comprise one of the
following at the 2' position: C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 lower alkyl,
substituted lower alkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, O-alkaryl or O-aralkyl,
SH, SCH.sub.3, OCN, Cl, Br, CN, CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3, SOCH.sub.3,
SO.sub.2CH.sub.3, ONO.sub.2, NO.sub.2, N.sub.3, NH.sub.2,
heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkaryl, aminoalkylamino,
polyalkylamino, substituted silyl, an RNA cleaving group, a
reporter group, an intercalator, a group for improving the
pharmacokinetic properties of an dsRNA, or a group for improving
the pharmacodynamic properties of an dsRNA, and other substituents
having similar properties. A preferred modification includes
2'-methoxyethoxy (2'-O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3, also known as
2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) or 2'-MOE) (Martin et al., Hely. Chim. Acta,
1995, 78, 486-504) i.e., an alkoxy-alkoxy group. A further
preferred modification includes 2'-dimethylaminooxyethoxy, i.e., a
O(CH.sub.2).sub.2ON(CH.sub.3).sub.2 group, also known as 2'-DMAOE,
as described in examples herein below, and
2'-dimethylaminoethoxyethoxy (also known in the art as
2'-O-dimethylaminoethoxyethyl or 2'-DMAEOE), i.e.,
2'-O--CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.2).sub.2, also described in
examples herein below.
[0101] Other preferred modifications include 2'-methoxy
(2'-OCH.sub.3), 2'-aminopropoxy
(2'-OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2) and 2'-fluoro (2'-F).
Similar modifications may also be made at other positions on the
dsRNA, particularly the 3' position of the sugar on the 3' terminal
nucleotide or in 2'-5' linked dsRNAs and the 5' position of 5'
terminal nucleotide. DsRNAs may also have sugar mimetics such as
cyclobutyl moieties in place of the pentofuranosyl sugar.
Representative U.S. patents that teach the preparation of such
modified sugar structures include, but are not limited to, U.S.
Pat. Nos. 4,981,957; 5,118,800; 5,319,080; 5,359,044; 5,393,878;
5,446,137; 5,466,786; 5,514,785; 5,519,134; 5,567,811; 5,576,427;
5,591,722; 5,597,909; 5,610,300; 5,627,053; 5,639,873; 5,646,265;
5,658,873; 5,670,633; and 5,700,920, certain of which are commonly
owned with the instant application, and each of which is herein
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0102] dsRNAs may also include nucleobase (often referred to in the
art simply as "base") modifications or substitutions. As used
herein, "unmodified" or "natural" nucleobases include the purine
bases adenine (A) and guanine (G), and the pyrimidine bases thymine
(T), cytosine (C) and uracil (U). Modified nucleobases include
other synthetic and natural nucleobases such as 5-methylcytosine
(5-me-C), 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine,
2-aminoadenine, 6-methyl and other alkyl derivatives of adenine and
guanine, 2-propyl and other alkyl derivatives of adenine and
guanine, 2-thiouracil, 2-thiothymine and 2-thiocytosine,
5-halouracil and cytosine, 5-propynyl uracil and cytosine, 6-azo
uracil, cytosine and thymine, 5-uracil (pseudouracil),
4-thiouracil, 8-halo, 8-amino, 8-thiol, 8-thioalkyl, 8-hydroxyl
anal other 8-substituted adenines and guanines, 5-halo,
particularly 5-bromo, 5-trifluoromethyl and other 5-substituted
uracils and cytosines, 7-methylguanine and 7-methyladenine,
8-azaguanine and 8-azaadenine, 7-deazaguanine and 7-daazaadenine
and 3-deazaguanine and 3-deazaadenine. Further nucleobases include
those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,687,808, those disclosed in The
Concise Encyclopedia Of Polymer Science And Engineering, pages
858-859, Kroschwitz, J. L, ed. John Wiley & Sons, 1990, these
disclosed by Englisch et al., Angewandte Chemie, International
Edition, 1991, 30, 613, and those disclosed by Sanghvi, Y S.,
Chapter 15, DsRNA Research and Applications, pages 289-302, Crooke,
S. T. and Lebleu, B., Ed., CRC Press, 1993. Certain of these
nucleobases are particularly useful for increasing the binding
affinity of the oligomeric compounds featured in the invention.
These include 5-substituted pyrimidines, 6-azapyrimidines and N-2,
N-6 and 0-6 substituted purines, including 2-aminopropyladenine,
5-propynyluracil and 5-propynylcytosine. 5-methylcytosine
substitutions have been shown to increase nucleic acid duplex
stability by 0.6-1.2.degree. C. (Sanghvi, Y. S., Crooke, S. T. and
Lebleu, B., Eds., DsRNA Research and Applications, CRC Press, Boca
Raton, 1993, pp. 276-278) and are exemplary base substitutions,
even more particularly when combined with 2-O-methoxyethyl sugar
modifications.
[0103] Representative U.S. patents that teach the preparation of
certain of the above noted modified nucleobases as well as other
modified nucleobases include, but are not limited to, the above
noted U.S. Pat. No. 3,687,808, as well as U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,845,205;
5,130,30; 5,134,066; 5,175,273; 5,367,066; 5,432,272; 5,457,187;
5,459,255; 5,484,908; 5,502,177; 5,525,711; 5,552,540; 5,587,469;
5,594,121, 5,596,091; 5,614,617; and 5,681,941, each of which is
herein incorporated by reference, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,692, also
herein incorporated by reference.
[0104] Conjugates
[0105] Another modification of the dsRNAs of the invention involves
chemically linking to the dsRNA one or more moieties or conjugates
which enhance the activity, cellular distribution or cellular
uptake of the dsRNA. Such moieties include but are not limited to
lipid moieties such as a cholesterol moiety (Letsinger et al.,
Proc. Natl. Acid. Sci. USA, 1989, 86: 6553-6556), cholic acid
(Manoharan et al., Biorg. Med. Chem. Let., 1994, 4:1053-1060), a
thioether, e.g., beryl-S-tritylthiol (Manoharan et al., Ann. N.Y.
Acad. Sci., 1992, 660:306-309; Manoharan et al., Biorg. Med. Chem.
Let., 1993, 3:2765-2770), a thiocholesterol (Oberhauser et al.,
Nucl. Acids Res., 1992, 20:533-538), an aliphatic chain, e.g.,
dodecandiol or undecyl residues (Saison-Behmoaras et al., EMBO J,
1991, 10:1111-1118; Kabanov et al., FEBS Lett., 1990, 259:327-330;
Svinarchuk et al., Biochimie, 1993, 75:49-54), a phospholipid,
e.g., di-hexadecyl-rac-glycerol or triethyl-ammonium
1,2-di-O-hexadecyl-rac-glycero-3-Hphosphonate (Manoharan et al.,
Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36:3651-3654; Shea et al., Nucl. Acids
Res., 1990, 18:3777-3783), a polyamine or a polyethylene glycol
chain (Manoharan et al., Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 1995,
14:969-973), or adamantane acetic acid (Manoharan et al.,
Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36:3651-3654), a palmityl moiety (Mishra
et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1995, 1264:229-237), or an
octadecylamine or hexylamino-carbonyloxycholesterol moiety (Crooke
et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1996, 277:923-937).
[0106] Representative U.S. patents that teach the preparation of
such dsRNA conjugates include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat.
Nos. 4,828,979; 4,948,882; 5,218,105; 5,525,465; 5,541,313;
5,545,730; 5,552,538; 5,578,717, 5,580,731; 5,591,584; 5,109,124;
5,118,802; 5,138,045; 5,414,077; 5,486,603; 5,512,439; 5,578,718;
5,608,046; 4,587,044; 4,605,735; 4,667,025; 4,762,779; 4,789,737;
4,824,941; 4,835,263; 4,876,335; 4,904,582; 4,958,013; 5,082,830;
5,112,963; 5,214,136; 5,082,830; 5,112,963; 5,214,136; 5,245,022;
5,254,469; 5,258,506; 5,262,536; 5,272,250; 5,292,873; 5,317,098;
5,371,241, 5,391,723; 5,416,203, 5,451,463; 5,510,475; 5,512,667;
5,514,785; 5,565,552; 5,567,810; 5,574,142; 5,585,481; 5,587,371;
5,595,726; 5,597,696; 5,599,923; 5,599,928 and 5,688,941, each of
which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0107] It is not necessary for all positions in a given compound to
be uniformly modified, and in fact more than one of the
aforementioned modifications may be incorporated in a single
compound or even at a single nucleoside within a dsRNA. The present
invention also includes dsRNA compounds which are chimeric
compounds. "Chimeric" dsRNA compounds or "chimeras," in the context
of this invention, are dsRNA compounds, particularly dsRNAs, which
contain two or more chemically distinct regions, each made up of at
least one monomer unit, i.e., a nucleotide in the case of a dsRNA
compound. These dsRNAs typically contain at least one region
wherein the dsRNA is modified so as to confer upon the dsRNA
increased resistance to nuclease degradation, increased cellular
uptake, and/or increased binding affinity for the target nucleic
acid. An additional region of the dsRNA may serve as a substrate
for enzymes capable of cleaving RNA:DNA or RNA:RNA hybrids. By way
of example, RNase H is a cellular endonuclease which cleaves the
RNA strand of an RNA:DNA duplex. Activation of RNase H, therefore,
results in cleavage of the RNA target, thereby greatly enhancing
the efficiency of dsRNA inhibition of gene expression.
Consequently, comparable results can often be obtained with shorter
dsRNAs when chimeric dsRNAs are used, compared to phosphorothioate
deoxydsRNAs hybridizing to the same target region.
[0108] Cleavage of the RNA target can be routinely detected by gel
electrophoresis and, if necessary, associated nucleic acid
hybridization techniques known in the art. The cleavage site on the
target mRNA of a dsRNA can be determined using methods generally
known to one of ordinary skill in the art, e.g., the 5'-RACE method
described in Soutschek et al., Nature; 2004, Vol. 432, pp. 173-178
(which is herein incorporated by reference for all purposes). In an
embodiment, using the 5'-RACE method described by Soutschek et al.,
ALN-18328 was determined to cleave a TTR mRNA between the guanine
nucleotide at position 636 of SEQ ID NO:1331 (NM_000371.3) and the
adenine nucleotide at position 637 of SEQ ID NO:1331. In an
embodiment, it was determined that ALN-18328 does not cleave a TTR
mRNA between the adenine nucleotide at position 637 of SEQ ID
NO:1331 and the guanine nucleotide at position 638 of SEQ ID
NO:1331.
[0109] In certain instances, the dsRNA may be modified by a
non-ligand group. A number of non-ligand molecules have been
conjugated to dsRNAs in order to enhance the activity, cellular
distribution or cellular uptake of the dsRNA, and procedures for
performing such conjugations are available in the scientific
literature. Such non-ligand moieties have included lipid moieties,
such as cholesterol (Letsinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
1989, 86:6553), cholic acid (Manoharan et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem.
Lett., 1994, 4:1053), a thioether, e.g., hexyl-S-tritylthiol
(Manoharan et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1992, 660:306; Manoharan
et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let., 1993, 3:2765), a thiocholesterol
(Oberhauser et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 1992, 20:533), an aliphatic
chain, e.g., dodecandiol or undecyl residues (Saison-Behmoaras et
al., EMBO J., 1991, 10:111; Kabanov et al., FEBS Lett., 1990,
259:327; Svinarchuk et al., Biochimie, 1993, 75:49), a
phospholipid, e.g., di-hexadecyl-rac-glycerol or triethylammonium
1,2-di-O-hexadecyl-rac-glycero-3-H-phosphonate (Manoharan et al.,
Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36:3651; Shea et al., Nucl. Acids Res.,
1990, 18:3777), a polyamine or a polyethylene glycol chain
(Manoharan et al., Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 1995, 14:969), or
adamantane acetic acid (Manoharan et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1995,
36:3651), a palmityl moiety (Mishra et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta,
1995, 1264:229), or an octadecylamine or
hexylamino-carbonyl-oxycholesterol moiety (Crooke et al., J.
Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1996, 277:923). Representative United States
patents that teach the preparation of such dsRNA conjugates have
been listed above. Typical conjugation protocols involve the
synthesis of dsRNAs bearing an aminolinker at one or more positions
of the sequence. The amino group is then reacted with the molecule
being conjugated using appropriate coupling or activating reagents.
The conjugation reaction may be performed either with the dsRNA
still bound to the solid support or following cleavage of the dsRNA
in solution phase. Purification of the dsRNA conjugate by HPLC
typically affords the pure conjugate.
[0110] Vector Encoded dsRNAs
[0111] In another aspect, TTR dsRNA molecules are expressed from
transcription units inserted into DNA or RNA vectors (see, e.g.,
Couture, A, et al., TIG. (1996), 12:5-10; Skillern, A., et al.,
International PCT Publication No. WO 00/22113, Conrad,
International PCT Publication No. WO 00/22114, and Conrad, U.S.
Pat. No. 6,054,299). These transgenes can be introduced as a linear
construct, a circular plasmid, or a viral vector, which can be
incorporated and inherited as a transgene integrated into the host
genome. The transgene can also be constructed to permit it to be
inherited as an extrachromosomal plasmid (Gassmann, et al., Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1995) 92:1292).
[0112] The individual strands of a dsRNA can be transcribed by
promoters on two separate expression vectors and co-transfected
into a target cell. Alternatively each individual strand of the
dsRNA can be transcribed by promoters both of which are located on
the same expression plasmid. In one embodiment, a dsRNA is
expressed as an inverted repeat joined by a linker polynucleotide
sequence such that the dsRNA has a stem and loop structure.
[0113] The recombinant dsRNA expression vectors are generally DNA
plasmids or viral vectors. dsRNA expressing viral vectors can be
constructed based on, but not limited to, adeno-associated virus
(for a review, see Muzyczka, et al., Curr. Topics Micro. Immunol.
(1992) 158:97-129)); adenovirus (see, for example, Berkner, et al.,
BioTechniques (1998) 6:616), Rosenfeld et al. (1991, Science
252:431-434), and Rosenfeld et al. (1992), Cell 68:143-155)); or
alphavirus as well as others known in the art. Retroviruses have
been used to introduce a variety of genes into many different cell
types, including epithelial cells, in vitro and/or in vivo (see,
e.g., Eglitis, et al., Science (1985) 230:1395-1398; Danos and
Mulligan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998) 85:6460-6464; Wilson et
al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3014-3018; Armentano et
al., 1990, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:61416145; Huber et al.,
1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:8039-8043; Ferry et al., 1991,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:8377-8381; Chowdhury et al., 1991,
Science 254:1802-1805; van Beusechem. et al., 1992, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 89:7640-19 ; Kay et al., 1992, Human Gene Therapy
3:641-647; Dai et al., 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
89:10892-10895; Hwu et al., 1993, J. Immunol. 150:4104-4115; U.S.
Pat. Nos. 4,868,116; 4,980,286; PCT Application WO 89/07136; PCT
Application WO 89/02468; PCT Application WO 89/05345; and PCT
Application WO 92/07573). Recombinant retroviral vectors capable of
transducing and expressing genes inserted into the genome of a cell
can be produced by transfecting the recombinant retroviral genome
into suitable packaging cell lines such as PA317 and Psi-CRIP
(Comette et al., 1991, Human Gene Therapy 2:5-10; Cone et al.,
1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6349). Recombinant adenoviral
vectors can be used to infect a wide variety of cells and tissues
in susceptible hosts (e.g., rat, hamster, dog, and chimpanzee) (Hsu
et al., 1992, J. Infectious Disease, 166:769), and also have the
advantage of not requiring mitotically active cells for
infection.
[0114] Any viral vector capable of accepting the coding sequences
for the dsRNA molecule(s) to be expressed can be used, for example
vectors derived from adenovirus (AV); adeno-associated virus (AAV);
retroviruses (e.g, lentiviruses (LV), Rhabdoviruses, murine
leukemia virus); herpes virus, and the like. The tropism of viral
vectors can be modified by pseudotyping the vectors with envelope
proteins or other surface antigens from other viruses, or by
substituting different viral capsid proteins, as appropriate.
[0115] For example, lentiviral vectors featured in the invention
can be pseudotyped with surface proteins from vesicular stomatitis
virus (VSV), rabies, Ebola, Mokola, and the like. AAV vectors
featured in the invention can be made to target different cells by
engineering the vectors to express different capsid protein
serotypes. For example, an AAV vector expressing a serotype 2
capsid on a serotype 2 genome is called AAV 2/2. This serotype 2
capsid gene in the AAV 2/2 vector can be replaced by a serotype 5
capsid gene to produce an AAV 2/5 vector. Techniques for
constructing AAV vectors which express different capsid protein
serotypes are within the skill in the art; see, e.g., Rabinowitz J
E et al. (2002), J Virol 76:791-801, the entire disclosure of which
is herein incorporated by reference.
[0116] Selection of recombinant viral vectors suitable for use in
the invention, methods for inserting nucleic acid sequences for
expressing the dsRNA into the vector, and methods of delivering the
viral vector to the cells of interest are within the skill in the
art. See, for example, Dornburg R (1995), Gene Therap. 2: 301-310;
Eglitis M A (1988), Biotechniques 6: 608-614; Miller A D (1990),
Hum Gene Therap. 1: 5-14; Anderson W F (1998), Nature 392: 25-30;
and Rubinson D A et al., Nat. Genet. 33: 401-406, the entire
disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference.
[0117] Viral vectors can be derived from AV and AAV. In one
embodiment, the dsRNA featured in the invention is expressed as two
separate, complementary single-stranded RNA molecules from a
recombinant AAV vector having, for example, either the U6 or H1 RNA
promoters, or the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter.
[0118] A suitable AV vector for expressing the dsRNA featured in
the invention, a method for constructing the recombinant AV vector,
and a method for delivering the vector into target cells, are
described in Xia H et al. (2002), Nat. Biotech. 20: 1006-1010.
[0119] Suitable AAV vectors for expressing the dsRNA featured in
the invention, methods for constructing the recombinant AV vector,
and methods for delivering the vectors into target cells are
described in Samulski R et al. (1987), J. Virol. 61: 3096-3101;
Fisher K J et al. (1996), J. Virol, 70: 520-532; Samulski Ret al.
(1989), J. Virol. 63: 3822-3826; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,252,479;
5,139,941; International Patent Application No. WO 94/13788; and
International Patent Application No. WO 93/24641, the entire
disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference.
[0120] The promoter driving dsRNA expression in either a DNA
plasmid or viral vector featured in the invention may be a
eukaryotic RNA polymerase I (e.g., ribosomal RNA promoter), RNA
polymerase II (e.g., CMV early promoter or actin promoter or U1
snRNA promoter) or generally RNA polymerase III promoter (e.g., U6
snRNA or 7SK RNA promoter) or a prokaryotic promoter, for example
the T7 promoter, provided the expression plasmid also encodes T7
RNA polymerase required for transcription from a T7 promoter. The
promoter can also direct transgene expression to the pancreas (see,
e.g., the insulin regulatory sequence for pancreas (Bucchini et
al., 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:2511-2515)).
[0121] In addition, expression of the transgene can be precisely
regulated, for example, by using an inducible regulatory sequence
and expression systems such as a regulatory sequence that is
sensitive to certain physiological regulators, e.g., circulating
glucose levels, or hormones (Docherty et al., 1994, FASEB J.
8:20-24). Such inducible expression systems, suitable for the
control of transgene expression in cells or in mammals include
regulation by ecdysone, by estrogen, progesterone, tetracycline,
chemical inducers of dimerization, and
isopropyl-beta-D1-thiogalactopyranoside (EPTG). A person skilled in
the art would be able to choose the appropriate regulatory/promoter
sequence based on the intended use of the dsRNA transgene.
[0122] Generally, recombinant vectors capable of expressing dsRNA
molecules are delivered as described below, and persist in target
cells. Alternatively, viral vectors can be used that provide for
transient expression of dsRNA molecules. Such vectors can be
repeatedly administered as necessary. Once expressed, the dsRNAs
bind to target RNA and modulate its function or expression.
Delivery of dsRNA expressing vectors can be systemic, such as by
intravenous or intramuscular administration, by administration to
target cells ex-planted from the patient followed by reintroduction
into the patient, or by any other means that allows for
introduction into a desired target cell.
[0123] dsRNA expression DNA plasmids are typically transfected into
target cells as a complex with cationic lipid carriers (e.g.,
Oligofectamine) or non-cationic lipid-based carriers (e.g.,
Transit-TKO.TM.). Multiple lipid transfections for dsRNA-mediated
knockdowns targeting different regions of a single TTR gene or
multiple TTR genes over a period of a week or more are also
contemplated by the invention. Successful introduction of vectors
into host cells can be monitored using various known methods. For
example, transient transfection can be signaled with a reporter,
such as a fluorescent marker, such as Green Fluorescent Protein
(GFP). Stable transfection of cells ex vivo can be ensured using
markers that provide the transfected cell with resistance to
specific environmental factors (e.g., antibiotics and drugs), such
as hygromycin B resistance.
[0124] TTR specific dsRNA molecules can also be inserted into
vectors and used as gene therapy vectors for human patients. Gene
therapy vectors can be delivered to a subject by, for example,
intravenous injection, local administration (see U.S. Pat. No.
5,328,470) or by stereotactic injection (see e.g., Chen et al.
(1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:3054-3057). The pharmaceutical
preparation of the gene therapy vector can include the gene therapy
vector in an acceptable diluent, or can include a slow release
matrix in which the gene delivery vehicle is imbedded.
Alternatively, where the complete gene delivery vector can be
produced intact from recombinant cells, e.g., retroviral vectors,
the pharmaceutical preparation can include one or more cells which
produce the gene delivery system.
[0125] III. Pharmaceutical Compositions Containing dsRNA
[0126] In one embodiment, the invention provides pharmaceutical
compositions containing a dsRNA, as described herein, and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical composition
containing the dsRNA is useful for treating a disease or disorder
associated with the expression or activity of a TTR gene, such as
pathological processes mediated by TTR expression. Such
pharmaceutical compositions are formulated based on the mode of
delivery. One example is compositions that are formulated for
systemic administration via parenteral delivery, e.g., by
intravenous (IV) delivery. Another example is compositions that are
formulated for direct delivery into the brain parenchyma, e.g., by
infusion into the brain, such as by continuous pump infusion.
[0127] The pharmaceutical compositions featured herein are
administered in dosages sufficient to inhibit expression of TTR
genes.
[0128] In general, a suitable dose of dsRNA will be in the range of
0.01 to 200.0 milligrams per kilogram body weight of the recipient
per day, generally in the range of 1 to 50 mg per kilogram body
weight per day. For example, the dsRNA can be administered at
0.0059 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg, 0.0295 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg, 0.0590 mg/kg,
0.163 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 0.543
mg/kg, 0.5900 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, 0.7 mg/kg, 0.8 mg/kg, 0.9 mg/kg, 1
mg/kg, 1.1 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg, 1.3 mg/kg, 1.4 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 1.628
mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg,
40 mg/kg, or 50 mg/kg per single dose.
[0129] In one embodiment, the dosage is between 0.01 and 0.2 mg/kg.
For example, the dsRNA can be administered at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg,
0.02 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, 0.04 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg, 0.06 mg/kg, 0.07
mg/kg 0.08 mg/kg 0.09 mg/kg , 0.10 mg/kg, 0.11 mg/kg, 0.12 mg/kg,
0.13 mg/kg, 0.14 mg/kg, 0.15 mg/kg, 0.16 mg/kg, 0.17 mg/kg, 0.18
mg/kg, 0.19 mg/kg, or 0.20 mg/kg.
[0130] In one embodiment, the dosage is between 0.005 mg/kg and
1.628 mg/kg. For example, the dsRNA can be administered at a dose
of 0.0059 mg/kg, 0.0295 mg/kg, 0.0590 mg/kg, 0.163 mg/kg, 0.543
mg/kg, 0.5900 mg/kg, or 1.628 mg/kg.
[0131] In one embodiment, the dosage is between 0.2 mg/kg and 1.5
mg/kg. For example, the dsRNA can be administered at a dose of 0.2
mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, 0.7 mg/kg, 0.8
mg/kg, 0.9 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 1.1 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg, 1.3 mg/kg, 1.4
mg/kg, or 1.5 mg/kg.
[0132] The pharmaceutical composition may be administered once
daily, or the dsRNA may be administered as two, three, or more
sub-doses at appropriate intervals throughout the day or even using
continuous infusion or delivery through a controlled release
formulation. In that case, the dsRNA contained in each sub-dose
must be correspondingly smaller in order to achieve the total daily
dosage. The dosage unit can also be compounded for delivery over
several days, e.g., using a conventional sustained release
formulation which provides sustained release of the dsRNA over a
several day period. Sustained release formulations are well known
in the art and are particularly useful for delivery of agents at a
particular site, such as could be used with the agents of the
present invention. In this embodiment, the dosage unit contains a
corresponding multiple of the daily dose.
[0133] The effect of a single dose on TTR levels is long lasting,
such that subsequent doses are administered at not more than 3, 4,
or 5 day intervals, or at not more than 1, 2, 3, or 4 week
intervals, or at not more than 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 week
intervals.
[0134] The skilled artisan will appreciate that certain factors may
influence the dosage and timing required to effectively treat a
subject, including but not limited to the severity of the disease
or disorder, previous treatments, the general health and/or age of
the subject, and other diseases present. Moreover, treatment of a
subject with a therapeutically effective amount of a composition
can include a single treatment or a series of treatments. Estimates
of effective dosages and in vivo half-lives for the individual
dsRNAs encompassed by the invention can be made using conventional
methodologies or on the basis of in vivo testing using an
appropriate animal model, as described elsewhere herein.
[0135] Advances in mouse genetics have generated a number of mouse
models for the study of various human diseases, such as
pathological processes mediated by TTR expression. Such models are
used for in vivo testing of dsRNA, as well as for determining a
therapeutically effective dose. A suitable mouse model is, for
example, a mouse containing a plasmid expressing human TTR. Another
suitable mouse model is a transgenic mouse carrying a transgene
that expresses human TTR.
[0136] The data obtained from cell culture assays and animal
studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in
humans. The dosage of compositions featured in the invention lies
generally within a range of circulating concentrations that include
the ED50 with little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within
this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of
administration utilized. For any compound used in the methods
featured in the invention, the therapeutically effective dose can
be estimated initially from cell culture assays. A dose may be
formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating plasma
concentration range of the compound or, when appropriate, of the
polypeptide product of a target sequence (e.g., achieving a
decreased concentration of the polypeptide) that includes the IC50
(i.e., the concentration of the test compound which achieves a
half-maximal inhibition of symptoms) as determined in cell culture.
Such information can be used to more accurately determine useful
doses in humans. Levels in plasma may be measured, for example, by
high performance liquid chromatography.
[0137] The dsRNAs featured in the invention can be administered in
combination with other known agents effective in treatment of
pathological processes mediated by target gene expression. In any
event, the administering physician can adjust the amount and timing
of dsRNA administration on the basis of results observed using
standard measures of efficacy known in the art or described
herein.
[0138] Administration
[0139] The present invention also includes pharmaceutical
compositions and formulations which include the dsRNA compounds
featured in the invention. The pharmaceutical compositions of the
present invention may be administered in a number of ways depending
upon whether local or systemic treatment is desired and upon the
area to be treated. Administration may be topical, pulmonary, e.g.,
by inhalation or insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by
nebulizer; intratracheal, intranasal, epidermal and transdermal,
oral or parenteral. Parenteral administration includes intravenous,
intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular
injection or infusion; or intracranial, e.g., intraparenchymal,
intrathecal or intraventricular, administration.
[0140] The dsRNA can be delivered in a manner to target a
particular tissue, such as the liver (e.g., the hepatocytes of the
liver).
[0141] The present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions
that can be delivered by injection directly into the brain. The
injection can be by stereotactic injection into a particular region
of the brain (e.g., the substantia nigra, cortex, hippocampus,
striatum, or globus pallidus), or the dsRNA can be delivered into
multiple regions of the central nervous system (e.g., into multiple
regions of the brain, and/or into the spinal cord). The dsRNA can
also be delivered into diffuse regions of the brain (e.g., diffuse
delivery to the cortex of the brain).
[0142] In one embodiment, a dsRNA targeting TTR can be delivered by
way of a cannula or other delivery device having one end implanted
in a tissue, e.g., the brain, e.g., the substantia nigra, cortex,
hippocampus, striatum, corpus callosum or globus pallidus of the
brain. The cannula can be connected to a reservoir of the dsRNA
composition. The flow or delivery can be mediated by a pump, e.g.,
an osmotic pump or minipump, such as an Alzet pump (Durect,
Cupertino, Calif.). In one embodiment, a pump and reservoir are
implanted in an area distant from the tissue, e.g., in the abdomen,
and delivery is effected by a conduit leading from the pump or
reservoir to the site of release. Infusion of the dsRNA composition
into the brain can be over several hours or for several days, e.g.,
for 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7 days or more. Devices for delivery to the
brain are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,093,180, and
5,814,014.
[0143] Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations for topical
administration may include transdermal patches, ointments, lotions,
creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids and powders.
Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, aqueous, powder or oily
bases, thickeners and the like may be necessary or desirable.
Coated condoms, gloves and the like may also be useful. Suitable
topical formulations include those in which the dsRNAs featured in
the invention are in admixture with a topical delivery agent such
as lipids, liposomes, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, steroids,
chelating agents and surfactants. Suitable lipids and liposomes
include neutral (e.g., dioleoylphosphatidyl DOPE ethanolamine,
dimyristoylphosphatidyl choline DMPC, distearoylphosphatidyl
choline) negative (e.g., dimyristoylphosphatidyl glycerol DMPG) and
cationic (e.g., dioleoyltetramethylaminopropyl DOTAP and
dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine DOTMA). DsRNAs featured in the
invention may be encapsulated within liposomes or may form
complexes thereto, in particular to cationic liposomes.
Alternatively, dsRNAs may be complexed to lipids, in particular to
cationic lipids. Suitable fatty acids and esters include but are
not limited to arachidonic acid, oleic acid, eicosanoic acid,
lauric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, palmitic
acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dicaprate,
tricaprate, monoolein, dilaurin, glyceryl 1-monocaprate,
1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, an acylcarnitine, an acylcholine, or
a C.sub.1-10 alkyl ester (e.g., isopropylmyristate IPM),
monoglyceride, diglyceride or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. Topical formulations are described in detail in U.S. Pat.
No. 6,747,014, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0144] Liposomal Formulations
[0145] There are many organized surfactant structures besides
microemulsions that have been studied and used for the formulation
of drugs. These include monolayers, micelles, bilayers and
vesicles. Vesicles, such as liposomes, have attracted great
interest because of their specificity and the duration of action
they offer from the standpoint of drug delivery. As used in the
present invention, the term "liposome" means a vesicle composed of
amphiphilic lipids arranged in a spherical bilayer or bilayers.
[0146] Liposomes are unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles which
have a membrane formed from a lipophilic material and an aqueous
interior. The aqueous portion contains the composition to be
delivered. Cationic liposomes possess the advantage of being able
to fuse to the cell wall. Non-cationic liposomes, although not able
to fuse as efficiently with the cell wall, are taken up by
macrophages in vivo.
[0147] In order to cross intact mammalian skin, lipid vesicles must
pass through a series of fine pores, each with a diameter less than
50 nm, under the influence of a suitable transdermal gradient.
Therefore, it is desirable to use a liposome which is highly
deformable and able to pass through such fine pores.
[0148] Further advantages of liposomes include; liposomes obtained
from natural phospholipids are biocompatible and biodegradable;
liposomes can incorporate a wide range of water and lipid soluble
drugs; liposomes can protect encapsulated drugs in their internal
compartments from metabolism and degradation (Rosoff, in
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.),
1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245).
Important considerations in the preparation of liposome
formulations are the lipid surface charge, vesicle size and the
aqueous volume of the liposomes.
[0149] Liposomes are useful for the transfer and delivery of active
ingredients to the site of action. Because the liposomal membrane
is structurally similar to biological membranes, when liposomes are
applied to a tissue, the liposomes start to merge with the cellular
membranes and as the merging of the liposome and cell progresses,
the liposomal contents are emptied into the cell where the active
agent may act.
[0150] Liposomal formulations have been the focus of extensive
investigation as the mode of delivery for many drugs. There is
growing evidence that for topical administration, liposomes present
several advantages over other formulations. Such advantages include
reduced side-effects related to high systemic absorption of the
administered drug, increased accumulation of the administered drug
at the desired target, and the ability to administer a wide variety
of drugs, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, into the skin.
[0151] Several reports have detailed the ability of liposomes to
deliver agents including high-molecular weight DNA into the skin.
Compounds including analgesics, antibodies, hormones and
high-molecular weight DNAs have been administered to the skin. The
majority of applications resulted in the targeting of the upper
epidermis
[0152] Liposomes fall into two broad classes. Cationic liposomes
are positively charged liposomes which interact with the negatively
charged DNA molecules to form a stable complex. The positively
charged DNA/liposome complex binds to the negatively charged cell
surface and is internalized in an endosome. Due to the acidic pH
within the endosome, the liposomes are ruptured, releasing their
contents into the cell cytoplasm (Wang et al., Biochem. Biophys.
Res. Commun., 1987, 147, 980-985).
[0153] Liposomes which are pH-sensitive or negatively-charged,
entrap DNA rather than complex with it. Since both the DNA and the
lipid are similarly charged, repulsion rather than complex
formation occurs. Nevertheless, some DNA is entrapped within the
aqueous interior of these liposomes. pH-sensitive liposomes have
been used to deliver DNA encoding the thymidine kinase gene to cell
monolayers in culture. Expression of the exogenous gene was
detected in the target cells (Zhou et al., Journal of Controlled
Release, 1992, 19, 269-274).
[0154] One major type of liposomal composition includes
phospholipids other than naturally-derived phosphatidylcholine.
Neutral liposome compositions, for example, can be formed from
dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or dipalmitoyl
phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Anionic liposome compositions generally
are formed from dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, while anionic
fusogenic liposomes are formed primarily from dioleoyl
phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). Another type of liposomal
composition is formed from phosphatidylcholine (PC) such as, for
example, soybean PC, and egg PC. Another type is formed from
mixtures of phospholipid and/or phosphatidylcholine and/or
cholesterol.
[0155] Several studies have assessed the topical delivery of
liposomal drug formulations to the skin. Application of liposomes
containing interferon to guinea pig skin resulted in a reduction of
skin herpes sores while delivery of interferon via other means
(e.g., as a solution or as an emulsion) were ineffective (Weiner et
al., Journal of Drug Targeting, 1992, 2, 405-410). Further, an
additional study tested the efficacy of interferon administered as
part of a liposomal formulation to the administration of interferon
using an aqueous system, and concluded that the liposomal
formulation was superior to aqueous administration (du Plessis et
al., Antiviral Research, 1992, 18, 259-265).
[0156] Non-ionic liposomal systems have also been examined to
determine their utility in the delivery of drugs to the skin, in
particular systems comprising non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol.
Non-ionic liposomal formulations comprising Novasome.TM. I
(glyceryl dilaurate/cholesterol/polyoxyethylene-10-stearyl ether)
and Novasome.TM. II (glyceryl
distearate/cholesterol/polyoxyethylene-10-stearyl ether) were used
to deliver cyclosporin-A into the dermis of mouse skin. Results
indicated that such non-ionic liposomal systems were effective in
facilitating the deposition of cyclosporin-A into different layers
of the skin (Hu et al. S.T.P.Pharma. Sci., 1994, 4, 6, 466).
[0157] Liposomes also include "sterically stabilized" liposomes, a
term which, as used herein, refers to liposomes comprising one or
more specialized lipids that, when incorporated into liposomes,
result in enhanced circulation lifetimes relative to liposomes
lacking such specialized lipids. Examples of sterically stabilized
liposomes are those in which part of the vesicle-forming lipid
portion of the liposome (A) comprises one or more glycolipids, such
as monosialoganglioside G.sub.M1, or (B) is derivatized with one or
more hydrophilic polymers, such as a polyethylene glycol (PEG)
moiety. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it
is thought in the art that, at least for sterically stabilized
liposomes containing gangliosides, sphingomyelin, or
PEG-derivatized lipids, the enhanced circulation half-life of these
sterically stabilized liposomes derives from a reduced uptake into
cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) (Allen et al., FEBS
Letters, 1987, 223, 42; Wu et al., Cancer Research, 1993, 53,
3765).
[0158] Various liposomes comprising one or more glycolipids are
known in the art. Papahadjopoulos et al. (Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.,
1987, 507, 64) reported the ability of monosialoganglioside
G.sub.M1, galactocerebroside sulfate and phosphatidylinositol to
improve blood half-lives of liposomes. These findings were
expounded upon by Gabizon et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,
1988, 85, 6949). U.S. Pat. No. 4,837,028 and WO 88/04924, both to
Allen et al., disclose liposomes comprising (1) sphingomyelin and
(2) the ganglioside G.sub.M1 or a galactocerebroside sulfate ester.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,543,152 (Webb et al.) discloses liposomes
comprising sphingomyelin. Liposomes comprising
1,2-sn-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine are disclosed in WO 97/13499
(Lim et al).
[0159] Many liposomes comprising lipids derivatized with one or
more hydrophilic polymers, and methods of preparation thereof, are
known in the art. Sunamoto et al. (Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1980, 53,
2778) described liposomes comprising a nonionic detergent,
2C.sub.1215G, that contains a PEG moiety. Illum et al. (FEBS Lett.,
1984, 167, 79) noted that hydrophilic coating of polystyrene
particles with polymeric glycols results in significantly enhanced
blood half-lives. Synthetic phospholipids modified by the
attachment of carboxylic groups of polyalkylene glycols (e.g., PEG)
are described by Sears (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,426,330 and 4,534,899).
Klibanov et al. (FEBS Lett., 1990, 268, 235) described experiments
demonstrating that liposomes comprising phosphatidylethanolamine
(PE) derivatized with PEG or PEG stearate have significant
increases in blood circulation half-lives. Blume et al. (Biochimica
et Biophysica Acta, 1990, 1029, 91) extended such observations to
other PEG-derivatized phospholipids, e.g., DSPE-PEG, formed from
the combination of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) and
PEG. Liposomes having covalently bound PEG moieties on their
external surface are described in European Patent No. EP 0 445 131
B1 and WO 90/04384 to Fisher. Liposome compositions containing 1-20
mole percent of PE derivatized with PEG, and methods of use
thereof, are described by Woodle et al. (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,013,556
and 5,356,633) and Martin et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,213,804 and
European Patent No. EP 0 496 813 B1). Liposomes comprising a number
of other lipid-polymer conjugates are disclosed in WO 91/05545 and
U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,212 (both to Martin et al.) and in WO 94/20073
(Zalipsky et al.) Liposomes comprising PEG-modified ceramide lipids
are described in WO 96/10391 (Choi et al). U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,935
(Miyazaki et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,948 (Tagawa et al.)
describe PEG-containing liposomes that can be further derivatized
with functional moieties on their surfaces.
[0160] A number of liposomes comprising nucleic acids are known in
the art. WO 96/40062 to Thierry et al. discloses methods for
encapsulating high molecular weight nucleic acids in liposomes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,221 to Tagawa et al. discloses protein-bonded
liposomes and asserts that the contents of such liposomes may
include a dsRNA. U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,710 to Rahman et al. describes
certain methods of encapsulating oligodeoxynucleotides in
liposomes. WO 97/04787 to Love et al. discloses liposomes
comprising dsRNAs targeted to the raf gene.
[0161] Transfersomes are yet another type of liposomes, and are
highly deformable lipid aggregates which are attractive candidates
for drug delivery vehicles. Transfersomes may be described as lipid
droplets which are so highly deformable that they are easily able
to penetrate through pores which are smaller than the droplet.
Transfersomes are adaptable to the environment in which they are
used, e.g., they are self-optimizing (adaptive to the shape of
pores in the skin), self-repairing, frequently reach their targets
without fragmenting, and often self-loading. To make transfersomes
it is possible to add surface edge-activators, usually surfactants,
to a standard liposomal composition. Transfersomes have been used
to deliver serum albumin to the skin. The transfersome-mediated
delivery of serum albumin has been shown to be as effective as
subcutaneous injection of a solution containing serum albumin.
[0162] Surfactants find wide application in formulations such as
emulsions (including microemulsions) and liposomes. The most common
way of classifying and ranking the properties of the many different
types of surfactants, both natural and synthetic, is by the use of
the hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB). The nature of the
hydrophilic group (also known as the "head") provides the most
useful means for categorizing the different surfactants used in
formulations (Rieger, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1988, p. 285).
[0163] If the surfactant molecule is not ionized, it is classified
as a nonionic surfactant. Nonionic surfactants find wide
application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are usable
over a wide range of pH values. In general their HLB values range
from 2 to about 18 depending on their structure. Nonionic
surfactants include nonionic esters such as ethylene glycol esters,
propylene glycol esters, glyceryl esters, polyglyceryl esters,
sorbitan esters, sucrose esters, and ethoxylated esters. Nonionic
alkanolamides and ethers such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates,
propoxylated alcohols, and ethoxylated/propoxylated block polymers
are also included in this class. The polyoxyethylene surfactants
are the most popular members of the nonionic surfactant class.
[0164] If the surfactant molecule carries a negative charge when it
is dissolved or dispersed in water, the surfactant is classified as
anionic. Anionic surfactants include carboxylates such as soaps,
acyl lactylates, acyl amides of amino acids, esters of sulfuric
acid such as alkyl sulfates and ethoxylated alkyl sulfates,
sulfonates such as alkyl benzene sulfonates, acyl isethionates,
acyl taurates and sulfosuccinates, and phosphates. The most
important members of the anionic surfactant class are the alkyl
sulfates and the soaps.
[0165] If the surfactant molecule carries a positive charge when it
is dissolved or dispersed in water, the surfactant is classified as
cationic. Cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium salts
and ethoxylated amines. The quaternary ammonium salts are the most
used members of this class.
[0166] If the surfactant molecule has the ability to carry either a
positive or negative charge, the surfactant is classified as
amphoteric. Amphoteric surfactants include acrylic acid
derivatives, substituted alkylamides, N-alkylbetaines and
phosphatides.
[0167] The use of surfactants in drug products, formulations and in
emulsions has been reviewed (Rieger, in Pharmaceutical Dosage
Forms, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1988, p. 285).
[0168] Nucleic Acid Lipid Particles
[0169] In one embodiment, a TTR dsRNA featured in the invention is
fully encapsulated in the lipid formulation, e.g., to form a SPLP,
pSPLP, SNALP, or other nucleic acid-lipid particle. As used herein,
the term "SNALP" refers to a stable nucleic acid-lipid particle,
including SPLP. As used herein, the term "SPLP" refers to a nucleic
acid-lipid particle comprising plasmid DNA encapsulated within a
lipid vesicle. SNALPs and SPLPs typically contain a cationic lipid,
a non-cationic lipid, and a lipid that prevents aggregation of the
particle (e.g., a PEG-lipid conjugate). SNALPs and SPLPs are
extremely useful for systemic applications, as they exhibit
extended circulation lifetimes following intravenous (i.v.)
injection and accumulate at distal sites (e.g., sites physically
separated from the administration site). SPLPs include "pSPLP,"
which include an encapsulated condensing agent-nucleic acid complex
as set forth in PCT Publication No. WO 00/03683. The particles of
the present invention typically have a mean diameter of about 50 nm
to about 150 nm, more typically about 60 nm to about 130 nm, more
typically about 70 nm to about 110 nm, most typically about 70 nm
to about 90 nm, and are substantially nontoxic. In addition, the
nucleic acids when present in the nucleic acid-lipid particles of
the present invention are resistant in aqueous solution to
degradation with a nuclease. Nucleic acid-lipid particles and their
method of preparation are disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,976,567; 5,981,501; 6,534,484; 6,586,410; 6,815,432; and PCT
Publication No. WO 96/40964.
[0170] In one embodiment, the lipid to drug ratio (mass/mass ratio)
(e.g., lipid to dsRNA ratio) will be in the range of from about 1:1
to about 50:1, from about 1:1 to about 25:1, from about 3:1 to
about 15:1, from about 4:1 to about 10:1, from about 5:1 to about
9:1, or about 6:1 to about 9:1.
[0171] The cationic lipid may be, for example,
N,N-dioleyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (DODAC),
N,N-distearyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide (DDAB),
N-(I-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride
(DOTAP), N-(I-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium
chloride (DOTMA), N,N-dimethyl-2,3-dioleyloxy)propylamine (DODMA),
1,2-DiLinoleyloxy-N,N-dimethylaminopropane (DLinDMA),
1,2-Dilinolenyloxy-N,N-dimethylaminopropane (DLenDMA),
1,2-Dilinoleylcarbamoyloxy-3-dimethylaminopropane (DLin-C-DAP),
1,2-Dilinoleyoxy-3-(dimethylamino)acetoxypropane (DLin-DAC),
1,2-Dilinoleyoxy-3-morpholinopropane (DLin-MA),
1,2-Dilinoleoyl-3-dimethylaminopropane (DLinDAP),
1,2-Dilinoleylthio-3-dimethylaminopropane (DLin-S-DMA),
1-Linoleoyl-2-linoleyloxy-3-dimethylaminopropane (DLin-2-DMAP),
1,2-Dilinoleyloxy-3-trimethylaminopropane chloride salt
(DLin-TMA.Cl), 1,2-Dilinoleoyl-3-trimethylaminopropane chloride
salt (DLin-TAP.Cl), 1,2-Dilinoleyloxy-3-(N-methylpiperazino)propane
(DLin-MPZ), or 3-(N,N-Dilinoleylamino)-1,2-propanediol (DLinAP),
3-(N,N-Dioleylamino)-1,2-propanedio (DOAP),
1,2-Dilinoleyloxo-3-(2-N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxypropane
(DLin-EG-DMA), l,2-Dilinolenyloxy-N,N-dimethylaminopropane
(DLinDMA), 2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminomethyl-[1,3]-dioxolane
(DLin-K-DMA) or analogs thereof,
(3aR,5s,6aS)-N,N-dimethyl-2,2-di((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienyl)tetrahydro-
-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol-5-amine (ALN100),
(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl4-(dimethylamino)bu-
tanoate (MC3),
1,1'-(2-(4-(2-((2-(bis(2-hydroxydodecyl)amino)ethyl)(2-hydroxydodecyl)ami-
no)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethylazanediyl)didodecan-2-ol (Tech G1), or
a mixture thereof. The cationic lipid may comprise from about 20
mol % to about 50 mol % or about 40 mol % of the total lipid
present in the particle.
[0172] In another embodiment, the compound
2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl-[1,3]-dioxolane can be used to
prepare lipid-siRNA nanoparticles. Synthesis of
2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl[1,3]-dioxolane is described in
U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/107,998 filed on Oct.
23, 2008, which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0173] In one embodiment, the lipid-siRNA particle includes 40% 2,
2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl-[1,3]-dioxolane: 10% DSPC: 40%
Cholesterol: 10% PEG-C-DOMG (mole percent) with a particle size of
63.0.+-.20 nm and a 0.027 siRNA/Lipid Ratio.
[0174] The non-cationic lipid may be an anionic lipid or a neutral
lipid including, but not limited to, distearoylphosphatidylcholine
(DSPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC),
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol
(DOPG), dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG),
dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE),
palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC),
palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE),
dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine
4-(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (DOPE-mal),
dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DPPE),
dimyristoylphosphoethanolamine (DMPE),
distearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DSPE), 16-O-monomethyl PE,
16-O-dimethyl PE, 18-1-trans PE,
1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidyethanolamine (SOPE), cholesterol, or
a mixture thereof. The non-cationic lipid may be from about 5 mol %
to about 90 mol %, about 10 mol %, or about 58 mol % if cholesterol
is included, of the total lipid present in the particle.
[0175] The conjugated lipid that inhibits aggregation of particles
may be, for example, a polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-lipid including,
without limitation, a PEG-diacylglycerol (DAG), a
PEG-dialkyloxypropyl (DAA), a PEG-phospholipid, a PEG-ceramide
(Cer), or a mixture thereof. The PEG-DAA conjugate may be, for
example, a PEG-dilauryloxypropyl (Ci.sub.2), a
PEG-dimyristyloxypropyl (Ci.sub.4), a PEG-dipalmityloxypropyl
(Ci.sub.6), or a PEG-distearyloxypropyl (C[.sub.8). The conjugated
lipid that prevents aggregation of particles may be from 0 mol % to
about 20 mol % or about 2 mol % of the total lipid present in the
particle.
[0176] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid-lipid particle further
includes cholesterol at, e.g., about 10 mol % to about 60 mol % or
about 48 mol % of the total lipid present in the particle.
[0177] LNP01
[0178] In one embodiment, the lipidoid ND984HCl (MW 1487) (Formula
1), Cholesterol (Sigma-Aldrich), and PEG-Ceramide C16 (Avanti Polar
Lipids) can be used to prepare lipid-siRNA nanoparticles (i.e.,
LNP01 particles). Stock solutions of each in ethanol can be
prepared as follows: ND98, 133 mg/ml; Cholesterol, 25 mg/ml,
PEG-Ceramide C16, 100 mg/ml. The ND98, Cholesterol, and
PEG-Ceramide C16 stock solutions can then be combined in a, e.g.,
42:48:10 molar ratio. The combined lipid solution can be mixed with
aqueous siRNA (e.g., in sodium acetate pH 5) such that the final
ethanol concentration is about 35-45% and the final sodium acetate
concentration is about 100-300 mM. Lipid-siRNA nanoparticles
typically form spontaneously upon mixing. Depending on the desired
particle size distribution, the resultant nanoparticle mixture can
be extruded through a polycarbonate membrane (e.g., 100 nm cut-off)
using, for example, a thermobarrel extruder, such as Lipex Extruder
(Northern Lipids, Inc). In some cases, the extrusion step can be
omitted. Ethanol removal and simultaneous buffer exchange can be
accomplished by, for example, dialysis or tangential flow
filtration. Buffer can be exchanged with, for example, phosphate
buffered saline (PBS) at about pH 7, e.g., about pH 6.9, about pH
7.0, about pH 7.1, about pH 7.2, about pH 7.3, or about pH 7.4.
##STR00001##
[0179] LNP01 formulations are described, e.g., in International
Application Publication No. WO 2008/042973, which is hereby
incorporated by reference.
[0180] Additional exemplary lipid-siRNA formulations are as
follows:
TABLE-US-00001 cationic lipid/non-cationic
lipid/cholesterol/PEG-lipid conjugate Cationic Lipid Lipid:siRNA
ratio Process SNALP 1,2-Dilinolenyloxy-N,N-
DLinDMA/DPPC/Cholesterol/PEG-cDMA dimethylaminopropane (DLinDMA)
(57.1/7.1/34.4/1.4) lipid:siRNA~7:1 SNALP-
2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl- XTC/DPPC/Cholesterol/PEG-cDMA
XTC [1,3]-dioxolane (XTC) 57.1/7.1/34.4/1.4 lipid:siRNA~7:1 LNP05
2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl- XTC/DSPC/Cholesterol/PEG-DMG
Extrusion [1,3]-dioxolane (XTC) 57.5/7.5/31.5/3.5 lipid:siRNA~6:1
LNP06 2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl-
XTC/DSPC/Cholesterol/PEG-DMG Extrusion [1,3]-dioxolane (XTC)
57.5/7.5/31.5/3.5 lipid:siRNA~11:1 LNP07
2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl- XTC/DSPC/Cholesterol/PEG-DMG
In-line [1,3]-dioxolane (XTC) 60/7.5/31/1.5, mixing lipid:siRNA~6:1
LNP08 2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl-
XTC/DSPC/Cholesterol/PEG-DMG In-line [1,3]-dioxolane (XTC)
60/7.5/31/1.5, mixing lipid:siRNA~11:1 LNP09
2,2-Dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl- XTC/DSPC/Cholesterol/PEG-DMG
In-line [1,3]-dioxolane (XTC) 50/10/38.5/1.5 mixing Lipid:siRNA
10:1 LNP10 (3aR,5s,6aS)-N,N-dimethyl-2,2-
ALN100/DSPC/Cholesterol/PEG-DMG In-line di((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-
50/10/38.5/1.5 mixing dienyl)tetrahydro-3aH- Lipid:siRNA 10:1
cyclopenta[d][1,3] dioxol-5-amine (ALN100) LNP11
(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta- MC-3/DSPC/Cholesterol/PEG-DMG
In-line 6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl 4- 50/10/38.5/1.5 mixing
(dimethylamino)butanoate (MC3) Lipid:siRNA 10:1 LNP12
1,1'-(2-(4-(2-((2-(bis(2- Tech G1/DSPC/Cholesterol/PEG-DMG In-line
hydroxydodecyl)amino)ethyl)(2- 50/10/38.5/1.5 mixing
hydroxydodecyl)amino)ethyl)piperazin- Lipid:siRNA 10:1
1-yl)ethylazanediyl)didodecan-2-ol (Tech G1)
[0181] LNP09 formulations and XTC comprising formulations are
described, e.g., in U.S. Provisional Ser. No. 61/239,686, filed
Sep. 3, 2009, which is hereby incorporated by reference. LNP11
formulations and MC3 comprising formulations are described, e.g.,
in U.S. Provisional Ser. No. 61/244,834, filed Sep. 22, 2009, which
is hereby incorporated by reference.
[0182] Formulations prepared by either the standard or
extrusion-free method can be characterized in similar manners. For
example, formulations are typically characterized by visual
inspection. They should be whitish translucent solutions free from
aggregates or sediment. Particle size and particle size
distribution of lipid-nanoparticles can be measured by light
scattering using, for example, a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS
(Malvern, USA). Particles should be about 20-300 nm, such as 40-100
nm in size. The particle size distribution should be unimodal. The
total siRNA concentration in the formulation, as well as the
entrapped fraction, is estimated using a dye exclusion assay. A
sample of the formulated siRNA can be incubated with an RNA-binding
dye, such as Ribogreen (Molecular Probes) in the presence or
absence of a formulation disrupting surfactant, e.g., 0.5%
Triton-X100. The total siRNA in the formulation can be determined
by the signal from the sample containing the surfactant, relative
to a standard curve. The entrapped fraction is determined by
subtracting the "free" siRNA content (as measured by the signal in
the absence of surfactant) from the total siRNA content. Percent
entrapped siRNA is typically >85%. For SNALP formulation, the
particle size is at least 30 nm, at least 40 nm, at least 50 nm, at
least 60 nm, at least 70 nm, at least 80 nm, at least 90 nm, at
least 100 nm, at least 110 nm, and at least 120 nm. The suitable
range is typically about at least 50 nm to about at least 110 nm,
about at least 60 nm to about at least 100 nm, or about at least 80
nm to about at least 90 nm.
[0183] Compositions and formulations for oral administration
include powders or granules, microparticulates, nanoparticulates,
suspensions or solutions in water or non-aqueous media, capsules,
gel capsules, sachets, tablets or minitablets. Thickeners,
flavoring agents, diluents, emulsifiers, dispersing aids or binders
may be desirable. In some embodiments, oral formulations are those
in which dsRNAs featured in the invention are administered in
conjunction with one or more penetration enhancers surfactants and
chelators. Suitable surfactants include fatty acids and/or esters
or salts thereof, bile acids and/or salts thereof. Suitable bile
acids/salts include chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and
ursodeoxychenodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), cholic acid, dehydrocholic
acid, deoxycholic acid, glucholic acid, glycholic acid,
glycodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid,
sodium tauro-24,25-dihydro-fusidate and sodium
glycodihydrofusidate. Suitable fatty acids include arachidonic
acid, undecanoic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, caprylic acid,
capric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic
acid, linolenic acid, dicaprate, tricaprate, monoolein, dilaurin,
glyceryl 1-monocaprate, 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, an
acylcarnitine, an acylcholine, or a monoglyceride, a diglyceride or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g., sodium). In some
embodiments, combinations of penetration enhancers are used, for
example, fatty acids/salts in combination with bile acids/salts.
One exemplary combination is the sodium salt of lauric acid, capric
acid and UDCA. Further penetration enhancers include
polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene-20-cetyl ether.
DsRNAs featured in the invention may be delivered orally, in
granular form including sprayed dried particles, or complexed to
form micro or nanoparticles. DsRNA complexing agents include
poly-amino acids; polyimines; polyacrylates; polyalkylacrylates,
polyoxethanes, polyalkylcyanoacrylates; cationized gelatins,
albumins, starches, acrylates, polyethyleneglycols (PEG) and
starches; polyalkylcyanoacrylates; DEAE-derivatized polyimines,
pollulans, celluloses and starches. Suitable complexing agents
include chitosan, N-trimethylchitosan, poly-L-lysine,
polyhistidine, polyornithine, polyspermines, protamine,
polyvinylpyridine, polythiodiethylaminomethylethylene P(TDAE),
polyaminostyrene (e. g. , p-amino), poly(methylcyanoacrylate),
poly(ethylcyanoacrylate), poly(butylcyanoacrylate),
poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate), poly(isohexylcynaoacrylate),
DEAE-methacrylate, DEAE-hexylacrylate, DEAE-acrylamide,
DEAE-albumin and DEAE-dextran, polymethylacrylate,
polyhexylacrylate, poly(D,L-lactic acid),
poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), alginate, and
polyethyleneglycol (PEG). Oral formulations for dsRNAs and their
preparation are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,887,906, US
Publn. No. 20030027780, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,747,014, each of which
is incorporated herein by reference.
[0184] Compositions and formulations for parenteral,
intraparenchymal (into the brain), intrathecal, intraventricular or
intrahepatic administration may include sterile aqueous solutions
which may also contain buffers, diluents and other suitable
additives such as, but not limited to, penetration enhancers,
carrier compounds and other pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or
excipients.
[0185] Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention
include, but are not limited to, solutions, emulsions, and
liposome-containing formulations. These compositions may be
generated from a variety of components that include, but are not
limited to, preformed liquids, self-emulsifying solids and
self-emulsifying semisolids. Particularly preferred are
formulations that target the liver when treating hepatic disorders
such as hepatic carcinoma.
[0186] The pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention,
which may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form, may be
prepared according to conventional techniques well known in the
pharmaceutical industry. Such techniques include the step of
bringing into association the active ingredients with the
pharmaceutical carrier(s) or excipient(s). In general, the
formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into
association the active ingredients with liquid carriers or finely
divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the
product.
[0187] The compositions of the present invention may be formulated
into any of many possible dosage forms such as, but not limited to,
tablets, capsules, gel capsules, liquid syrups, soft gels,
suppositories, and enemas. The compositions of the present
invention may also be formulated as suspensions in aqueous,
non-aqueous or mixed media. Aqueous suspensions may further contain
substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension
including, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol
and/or dextran. The suspension may also contain stabilizers.
[0188] Emulsions
[0189] The compositions of the present invention may be prepared
and formulated as emulsions. Emulsions are typically heterogeneous
systems of one liquid dispersed in another in the form of droplets
usually exceeding 0.1 .mu.m in diameter (Idson, in Pharmaceutical
Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199; Rosoff, in
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.),
1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., Volume 1, p. 245; Block
in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker
(Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 2, p.
335; Higuchi et al., in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack
Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 301). Emulsions are often
biphasic systems comprising two immiscible liquid phases intimately
mixed and dispersed with each other. In general, emulsions may be
of either the water-in-oil (w/o) or the oil-in-water (o/w) variety.
When an aqueous phase is finely divided into and dispersed as
minute droplets into a bulk oily phase, the resulting composition
is called a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion. Alternatively, when an
oily phase is finely divided into and dispersed as minute droplets
into a bulk aqueous phase, the resulting composition is called an
oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. Emulsions may contain additional
components in addition to the dispersed phases, and the active drug
which may be present as a solution in either the aqueous phase,
oily phase or itself as a separate phase. Pharmaceutical excipients
such as emulsifiers, stabilizers, dyes, and anti-oxidants may also
be present in emulsions as needed. Pharmaceutical emulsions may
also be multiple emulsions that are comprised of more than two
phases such as, for example, in the case of oil-in-water-in-oil
(o/w/o) and water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsions. Such complex
formulations often provide certain advantages that simple binary
emulsions do not. Multiple emulsions in which individual oil
droplets of an o/w emulsion enclose small water droplets constitute
a w/o/w emulsion. Likewise a system of oil droplets enclosed in
globules of water stabilized in an oily continuous phase provides
an o/w/o emulsion.
[0190] Emulsions are characterized by little or no thermodynamic
stability. Often, the dispersed or discontinuous phase of the
emulsion is well dispersed into the external or continuous phase
and maintained in this form through the means of emulsifiers or the
viscosity of the formulation. Either of the phases of the emulsion
may be a semisolid or a solid, as is the case of emulsion-style
ointment bases and creams. Other means of stabilizing emulsions
entail the use of emulsifiers that may be incorporated into either
phase of the emulsion. Emulsifiers may broadly be classified into
four categories: synthetic surfactants, naturally occurring
emulsifiers, absorption bases, and finely dispersed solids (Idson,
in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker
(Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p.
199).
[0191] Synthetic surfactants, also known as surface active agents,
have found wide applicability in the formulation of emulsions and
have been reviewed in the literature (Rieger, in Pharmaceutical
Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 285; Idson, in
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.),
Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1988, volume 1, p. 199).
Surfactants are typically amphiphilic and comprise a hydrophilic
and a hydrophobic portion. The ratio of the hydrophilic to the
hydrophobic nature of the surfactant has been termed the
hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB) and is a valuable tool in
categorizing and selecting surfactants in the preparation of
formulations. Surfactants may be classified into different classes
based on the nature of the hydrophilic group: nonionic, anionic,
cationic and amphoteric (Rieger, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,
Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 285).
[0192] Naturally occurring emulsifiers used in emulsion
formulations include lanolin, beeswax, phosphatides, lecithin and
acacia. Absorption bases possess hydrophilic properties such that
they can soak up water to form w/o emulsions yet retain their
semisolid consistencies, such as anhydrous lanolin and hydrophilic
petrolatum. Finely divided solids have also been used as good
emulsifiers especially in combination with surfactants and in
viscous preparations. These include polar inorganic solids, such as
heavy metal hydroxides, nonswelling clays such as bentonite,
attapulgite, hectorite, kaolin, montmorillonite, colloidal aluminum
silicate and colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, pigments and
nonpolar solids such as carbon or glyceryl tristearate.
[0193] A large variety of non-emulsifying materials are also
included in emulsion formulations and contribute to the properties
of emulsions. These include fats, oils, waxes, fatty acids, fatty
alcohols, fatty esters, humectants, hydrophilic colloids,
preservatives and antioxidants (Block, in Pharmaceutical Dosage
Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker,
Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 335; Idson, in Pharmaceutical
Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199).
[0194] Hydrophilic colloids or hydrocolloids include naturally
occurring gums and synthetic polymers such as polysaccharides (for
example, acacia, agar, alginic acid, carrageenan, guar gum, karaya
gum, and tragacanth), cellulose derivatives (for example,
carboxymethylcellulose and carboxypropylcellulose), and synthetic
polymers (for example, carbomers, cellulose ethers, and
carboxyvinyl polymers). These disperse or swell in water to form
colloidal solutions that stabilize emulsions by forming strong
interfacial films around the dispersed-phase droplets and by
increasing the viscosity of the external phase.
[0195] Since emulsions often contain a number of ingredients such
as carbohydrates, proteins, sterols and phosphatides that may
readily support the growth of microbes, these formulations often
incorporate preservatives. Commonly used preservatives included in
emulsion formulations include methyl paraben, propyl paraben,
quaternary ammonium salts, benzalkonium chloride, esters of
p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and boric acid. Antioxidants are also
commonly added to emulsion formulations to prevent deterioration of
the formulation. Antioxidants used may be free radical scavengers
such as tocopherols, alkyl gallates, butylated hydroxyanisole,
butylated hydroxytoluene, or reducing agents such as ascorbic acid
and sodium metabisulfite, and antioxidant synergists such as citric
acid, tartaric acid, and lecithin.
[0196] The application of emulsion formulations via dermatological,
oral and parenteral routes and methods for their manufacture have
been reviewed in the literature (Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage
Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker,
Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199). Emulsion formulations for
oral delivery have been very widely used because of ease of
formulation, as well as efficacy from an absorption and
bioavailability standpoint (Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,
Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245; Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage
Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker,
Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199). Mineral-oil base
laxatives, oil-soluble vitamins and high fat nutritive preparations
are among the materials that have commonly been administered orally
as o/w emulsions.
[0197] In one embodiment of the present invention, the compositions
of dsRNAs and nucleic acids are formulated as microemulsions. A
microemulsion may be defined as a system of water, oil and
amphiphile which is a single optically isotropic and
thermodynamically stable liquid solution (Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical
Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245). Typically
microemulsions are systems that are prepared by first dispersing an
oil in an aqueous surfactant solution and then adding a sufficient
amount of a fourth component, generally an intermediate
chain-length alcohol to form a transparent system. Therefore,
microemulsions have also been described as thermodynamically
stable, isotropically clear dispersions of two immiscible liquids
that are stabilized by interfacial films of surface-active
molecules (Leung and Shah, in: Controlled Release of Drugs:
Polymers and Aggregate Systems, Rosoff, M., Ed., 1989, VCH
Publishers, New York, pages 185-215). Microemulsions commonly are
prepared via a combination of three to five components that include
oil, water, surfactant, cosurfactant and electrolyte. Whether the
microemulsion is of the water-in-oil (w/o) or an oil-in-water (o/w)
type is dependent on the properties of the oil and surfactant used
and on the structure and geometric packing of the polar heads and
hydrocarbon tails of the surfactant molecules (Schott, in
Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton,
Pa., 1985, p. 271).
[0198] The phenomenological approach utilizing phase diagrams has
been extensively studied and has yielded a comprehensive knowledge,
to one skilled in the art, of how to formulate microemulsions
(Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and
Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1,
p. 245; Block, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger
and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y.,
volume 1, p. 335). Compared to conventional emulsions,
microemulsions offer the advantage of solubilizing water-insoluble
drugs in a formulation of thermodynamically stable droplets that
are formed spontaneously.
[0199] Surfactants used in the preparation of microemulsions
include, but are not limited to, ionic surfactants, non-ionic
surfactants, Brij 96, polyoxyethylene oleyl ethers, polyglycerol
fatty acid esters, tetraglycerol monolaurate (ML310), tetraglycerol
monooleate (MO310), hexaglycerol monooleate (PO310), hexaglycerol
pentaoleate (PO500), decaglycerol monocaprate (MCA750),
decaglycerol monooleate (MO750), decaglycerol sequioleate (SO750),
decaglycerol decaoleate (DAO750), alone or in combination with
cosurfactants. The cosurfactant, usually a short-chain alcohol such
as ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol, serves to increase the
interfacial fluidity by penetrating into the surfactant film and
consequently creating a disordered film because of the void space
generated among surfactant molecules. Microemulsions may, however,
be prepared without the use of cosurfactants and alcohol-free
self-emulsifying microemulsion systems are known in the art. The
aqueous phase may typically be, but is not limited to, water, an
aqueous solution of the drug, glycerol, PEG300, PEG400,
polyglycerols, propylene glycols, and derivatives of ethylene
glycol. The oil phase may include, but is not limited to, materials
such as Captex 300, Captex 355, Capmul MCM, fatty acid esters,
medium chain (C8-C12) mono, di, and tri-glycerides,
polyoxyethylated glyceryl fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols,
polyglycolized glycerides, saturated polyglycolized C8-C10
glycerides, vegetable oils and silicone oil.
[0200] Microemulsions are particularly of interest from the
standpoint of drug solubilization and the enhanced absorption of
drugs. Lipid based microemulsions (both o/w and w/o) have been
proposed to enhance the oral bioavailability of drugs, including
peptides (Constantinides et al., Pharmaceutical Research, 1994, 11,
1385-1390; Ritschel, Meth. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 1993, 13,
205). Microemulsions afford advantages of improved drug
solubilization, protection of drug from enzymatic hydrolysis,
possible enhancement of drug absorption due to surfactant-induced
alterations in membrane fluidity and permeability, ease of
preparation, ease of oral administration over solid dosage forms,
improved clinical potency, and decreased toxicity (Constantinides
et al., Pharmaceutical Research, 1994, 11, 1385; Ho et al., J.
Pharm. Sci., 1996, 85, 138-143). Often microemulsions may form
spontaneously when their components are brought together at ambient
temperature. This may be particularly advantageous when formulating
thermolabile drugs, peptides or dsRNAs. Microemulsions have also
been effective in the transdermal delivery of active components in
both cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. It is expected that
the microemulsion compositions and formulations of the present
invention will facilitate the increased systemic absorption of
dsRNAs and nucleic acids from the gastrointestinal tract, as well
as improve the local cellular uptake of dsRNAs and nucleic
acids.
[0201] Microemulsions of the present invention may also contain
additional components and additives such as sorbitan monostearate
(Grill 3), Labrasol, and penetration enhancers to improve the
properties of the formulation and to enhance the absorption of the
dsRNAs and nucleic acids of the present invention. Penetration
enhancers used in the microemulsions of the present invention may
be classified as belonging to one of five broad
categories--surfactants, fatty acids, bile salts, chelating agents,
and non-chelating non-surfactants (Lee et al., Critical Reviews in
Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991, p. 92). Each of these
classes has been discussed above.
[0202] Penetration Enhancers
[0203] In one embodiment, the present invention employs various
penetration enhancers to effect the efficient delivery of nucleic
acids, particularly dsRNAs, to the skin of animals. Most drugs are
present in solution in both ionized and nonionized forms. However,
usually only lipid soluble or lipophilic drugs readily cross cell
membranes. It has been discovered that even non-lipophilic drugs
may cross cell membranes if the membrane to be crossed is treated
with a penetration enhancer. In addition to aiding the diffusion of
non-lipophilic drugs across cell membranes, penetration enhancers
also enhance the permeability of lipophilic drugs.
[0204] Penetration enhancers may be classified as belonging to one
of five broad categories, i.e., surfactants, fatty acids, bile
salts, chelating agents, and non-chelating non-surfactants (Lee et
al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991,
p.92). Each of the above mentioned classes of penetration enhancers
are described below in greater detail.
[0205] Surfactants: In connection with the present invention,
surfactants (or "surface-active agents") are chemical entities
which, when dissolved in an aqueous solution, reduce the surface
tension of the solution or the interfacial tension between the
aqueous solution and another liquid, with the result that
absorption of dsRNAs through the mucosa is enhanced. In addition to
bile salts and fatty acids, these penetration enhancers include,
for example, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether
and polyoxyethylene-20-cetyl ether) (Lee et al., Critical Reviews
in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991, p.92); and
perfluorochemical emulsions, such as FC-43. Takahashi et al., J.
Pharm. Pharmacol., 1988, 40, 252).
[0206] Fatty acids: Various fatty acids and their derivatives which
act as penetration enhancers include, for example, oleic acid,
lauric acid, capric acid (n-decanoic acid), myristic acid, palmitic
acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dicaprate,
tricaprate, monoolein (1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol), dilaurin,
caprylic acid, arachidonic acid, glycerol 1-monocaprate,
1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, acylcarnitines, acylcholines,
C.sub.1-10 alkyl esters thereof (e.g., methyl, isopropyl and
t-butyl), and mono- and di-glycerides thereof (i.e., oleate,
laurate, caprate, myristate, palmitate, stearate, linoleate, etc.)
(Lee et al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,
1991, p.92; Muranishi, Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier
Systems, 1990, 7, 1-33; El Hariri et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol.,
1992, 44, 651-654).
[0207] Bile salts: The physiological role of bile includes the
facilitation of dispersion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble
vitamins (Brunton, Chapter 38 in: Goodman & Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th Ed., Hardman et al.
Eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996, pp. 934-935). Various natural
bile salts, and their synthetic derivatives, act as penetration
enhancers. Thus the term "bile salts" includes any of the naturally
occurring components of bile as well as any of their synthetic
derivatives. Suitable bile salts include, for example, cholic acid
(or its pharmaceutically acceptable sodium salt, sodium cholate),
dehydrocholic acid (sodium dehydrocholate), deoxycholic acid
(sodium deoxycholate), glucholic acid (sodium glucholate),
glycholic acid (sodium glycocholate), glycodeoxycholic acid (sodium
glycodeoxycholate), taurocholic acid (sodium taurocholate),
taurodeoxycholic acid (sodium taurodeoxycholate), chenodeoxycholic
acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA),
sodium tauro-24,25-dihydro-fusidate (STDHF), sodium
glycodihydrofusidate and polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether (POE) (Lee
et al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991,
page 92; Swinyard, Chapter 39 In: Remington's Pharmaceutical
Sciences, 18th Ed., Gennaro, ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.,
1990, pages 782-783; Muranishi, Critical Reviews in Therapeutic
Drug Carrier Systems, 1990, 7, 1-33; Yamamoto et al., J. Pharm.
Exp. Ther., 1992, 263, 25; Yamashita et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 1990,
79, 579-583).
[0208] Chelating Agents: Chelating agents, as used in connection
with the present invention, can be defined as compounds that remove
metallic ions from solution by forming complexes therewith, with
the result that absorption of dsRNAs through the mucosa is
enhanced. With regards to their use as penetration enhancers in the
present invention, chelating agents have the added advantage of
also serving as DNase inhibitors, as most characterized DNA
nucleases require a divalent metal ion for catalysis and are thus
inhibited by chelating agents (Jarrett, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 618,
315-339). Suitable chelating agents include but are not limited to
disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), citric acid,
salicylates (e.g., sodium salicylate, 5-methoxysalicylate and
homovanilate), N-acyl derivatives of collagen, laureth-9 and
N-amino acyl derivatives of beta-diketones (enamines)(Lee et al.,
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991, page
92; Muranishi, Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier
Systems, 1990, 7, 1-33; Buur et al., J. Control Rel., 1990, 14,
43-51).
[0209] Non-chelating non-surfactants: As used herein, non-chelating
non-surfactant penetration enhancing compounds can be defined as
compounds that demonstrate insignificant activity as chelating
agents or as surfactants but that nonetheless enhance absorption of
dsRNAs through the alimentary mucosa (Muranishi, Critical Reviews
in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1990, 7, 1-33). This class of
penetration enhancers include, for example, unsaturated cyclic
ureas, 1-alkyl- and 1-alkenylazacyclo-alkanone derivatives (Lee et
al., Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 1991,
page 92); and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as
diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and phenylbutazone (Yamashita et
al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1987, 39, 621-626).
[0210] Carriers
[0211] Certain compositions of the present invention also
incorporate carrier compounds in the formulation. As used herein,
"carrier compound" or "carrier" can refer to a nucleic acid, or
analog thereof, which is inert (i.e., does not possess biological
activity per se) but is recognized as a nucleic acid by in vivo
processes that reduce the bioavailability of a nucleic acid having
biological activity by, for example, degrading the biologically
active nucleic acid or promoting its removal from circulation. The
coadministration of a nucleic acid and a carrier compound,
typically with an excess of the latter substance, can result in a
substantial reduction of the amount of nucleic acid recovered in
the liver, kidney or other extracirculatory reservoirs, presumably
due to competition between the carrier compound and the nucleic
acid for a common receptor. For example, the recovery of a
partially phosphorothioate dsRNA in hepatic tissue can be reduced
when it is coadministered with polyinosinic acid, dextran sulfate,
polycytidic acid or
4-acetamido-4'isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (Miyao et
al., DsRNA Res. Dev., 1995, 5, 115-121; Takakura et al., DsRNA
& Nucl. Acid Drug Dev., 1996, 6, 177-183.
[0212] Excipients
[0213] In contrast to a carrier compound, a "pharmaceutical
carrier" or "excipient" is a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent,
suspending agent or any other pharmacologically inert vehicle for
delivering one or more nucleic acids to an animal. The excipient
may be liquid or solid and is selected, with the planned manner of
administration in mind, so as to provide for the desired bulk,
consistency, etc., when combined with a nucleic acid and the other
components of a given pharmaceutical composition. Typical
pharmaceutical carriers include, but are not limited to, binding
agents (e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, etc.); fillers (e.g., lactose and
other sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, pectin, gelatin, calcium
sulfate, ethyl cellulose, polyacrylates or calcium hydrogen
phosphate, etc.); lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc,
silica, colloidal silicon dioxide, stearic acid, metallic
stearates, hydrogenated vegetable oils, corn starch, polyethylene
glycols, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, etc.); disintegrants
(e.g., starch, sodium starch glycolate, etc.); and wetting agents
(e.g., sodium lauryl sulphate, etc).
[0214] Pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic excipients
suitable for non-parenteral administration which do not
deleteriously react with nucleic acids can also be used to
formulate the compositions of the present invention. Suitable
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited
to, water, salt solutions, alcohols, polyethylene glycols, gelatin,
lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous
paraffin, hydroxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the
like.
[0215] Formulations for topical administration of nucleic acids may
include sterile and non-sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous
solutions in common solvents such as alcohols, or solutions of the
nucleic acids in liquid or solid oil bases. The solutions may also
contain buffers, diluents and other suitable additives.
Pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic excipients
suitable for non-parenteral administration which do not
deleteriously react with nucleic acids can be used.
[0216] Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, but
are not limited to, water, salt solutions, alcohol, polyethylene
glycols, gelatin, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc,
silicic acid, viscous paraffin, hydroxymethylcellulose,
polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like.
[0217] Other Components
[0218] The compositions of the present invention may additionally
contain other adjunct components conventionally found in
pharmaceutical compositions, at their art-established usage levels.
Thus, for example, the compositions may contain additional,
compatible, pharmaceutically-active materials such as, for example,
antipruritics, astringents, local anesthetics or anti-inflammatory
agents, or may contain additional materials useful in physically
formulating various dosage forms of the compositions of the present
invention, such as dyes, flavoring agents, preservatives,
antioxidants, opacifiers, thickening agents and stabilizers.
However, such materials, when added, should not unduly interfere
with the biological activities of the components of the
compositions of the present invention. The formulations can be
sterilized and, if desired, mixed with auxiliary agents, e.g.,
lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents,
emulsifiers, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers,
colorings, flavorings and/or aromatic substances and the like which
do not deleteriously interact with the nucleic acid(s) of the
formulation.
[0219] Aqueous suspensions may contain substances which increase
the viscosity of the suspension including, for example, sodium
carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol and/or dextran. The suspension may
also contain stabilizers.
[0220] In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions featured in
the invention include (a) one or more dsRNA compounds and (b) one
or more anti-cytokine biologic agents which function by a non-RNAi
mechanism. Examples of such biologics include, biologics that
target IL1.beta. (e.g., anakinra), IL6 (tocilizumab), or TNF
(etanercept, infliximab, adlimumab, or certolizumab).
[0221] Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of such compounds can be
determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures
or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the LD50 (the dose
lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED50 (the dose
therapeutically effective in 50% of the population). The dose ratio
between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and
it can be expressed as the ratio LD50/ED50. Compounds that exhibit
high therapeutic indices are preferred.
[0222] The data obtained from cell culture assays and animal
studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in
humans. The dosage of compositions featured in the invention lies
generally within a range of circulating concentrations that include
the ED50 with little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within
this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of
administration utilized. For any compound used in the methods
featured in the invention, the therapeutically effective dose can
be estimated initially from cell culture assays. A dose may be
formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating plasma
concentration range of the compound or, when appropriate, of the
polypeptide product of a target sequence (e.g., achieving a
decreased concentration of the polypeptide) that includes the IC50
(i.e., the concentration of the test compound which achieves a
half-maximal inhibition of symptoms) as determined in cell culture.
Such information can be used to more accurately determine useful
doses in humans. Levels in plasma may be measured, for example, by
high performance liquid chromatography.
[0223] In addition to their administration, as discussed above, the
dsRNAs featured in the invention can be administered in combination
with other known agents effective in treatment of pathological
processes mediated by TTR expression. In any event, the
administering physician can adjust the amount and timing of dsRNA
administration on the basis of results observed using standard
measures of efficacy known in the art or described herein.
[0224] Methods for Treating Diseases Caused by Expression of a TTR
Gene
[0225] The invention relates in particular to the use of a dsRNA
targeting TTR and compositions containing at least one such dsRNA
for the treatment of a TTR-mediated disorder or disease. For
example, a dsRNA targeting a TTR gene can be useful for the
treatment of a TTR amyloidosis, such as familial amyloidotic
polyneuropathy (FAP), familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy (FAC),
leptomeningeal/CNS amyloidosis, amyloidosis VII form (also known as
leptomeningeal or meningocerebrovascular amyloidosis),
hyperthyroxinemia, and cardiac amyloidosis (also called senile
systemic amyloidosis (SSA) and senile cardiac amyloidosis
(SCA)).
[0226] FIG. 15 illustrates symptoms and mutations in TTR associated
with familial amyloidotic neuropathy, familial amyloidotic
cardiomyopathy and CNS amyloidosis. The invention includes
compositions and methods for treatment of these diseases and
symptoms, and directed to these mutant versions of TTR.
[0227] A dsRNA targeting a TTR gene is also used for treatment of
symptoms and disorders, such as TTR amyloidosis. Symptoms
associated with such amyloidosis include, e.g., seizures, dementia,
myelopathy, polyneuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, autonomic
insufficiency, cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal dysfunction (e.g.,
gastric ulcers, diarrhea, constipation, malabsorption), weight
loss, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, goiter, vitreous opacities,
renal insufficiency (including proteinuria and kidney failure),
nephropathy, cranial nerve dysfunction, corneal lattice dystrophy,
and congestive heart failure with generalized weakness and
difficulties breathing from fluid retention.
[0228] Owing to the inhibitory effects on TTR expression, a
composition according to the invention or a pharmaceutical
composition prepared therefrom can enhance the quality of life.
[0229] The invention further relates to the use of a dsRNA or a
pharmaceutical composition thereof, e.g., for treating a TTR
amyloidosis, in combination with other pharmaceuticals and/or other
therapeutic methods, e.g., with known pharmaceuticals and/or known
therapeutic methods, such as, for example, those which are
currently employed for treating these disorders. In one example, a
dsRNA targeting TTR can be administered in combination with a liver
transplant. In other examples, a dsRNA targeting TTR can be
administered in combination with a pharmaceutical or therapeutic
method for treating a symptom of a TTR disease, such as diuretics,
ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors, angiotensin
receptor blockers (ARBs), or dialysis, e.g., for management of
renal function.
[0230] The dsRNA and an additional therapeutic agent can be
administered in the same combination, e.g., parenterally, or the
additional therapeutic agent can be administered as part of a
separate composition or by another method described herein.
[0231] The invention features a method of administering a dsRNA
targeting TTR to a patient having a disease or disorder mediated by
TTR expression, such as a TTR amyloidosis, e.g., FAP.
Administration of the dsRNA can stabilize and improve peripheral
neurological function, for example, in a patient with FAP. Patients
can be administered a therapeutic amount of dsRNA, such as 0.1
mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 2.0 mg/kg, or
2.5 mg/kg dsRNA. The dsRNA can be administered by intravenous
infusion over a period of time, such as over a 5 minute, 10 minute,
15 minute, 20 minute, 25 minute, 60 minute, 120 minute or 180
minute period. The administration is repeated, for example, on a
regular basis, such as biweekly (i.e., every two weeks) for one
month, two months, three months, four months or longer. After an
initial treatment regimen, the treatments can be administered on a
less frequent basis. For example, after administration biweekly for
three months, administration can be repeated once per month, for
six months or a year or longer. Administration of the dsRNA can
reduce TTR levels in the blood or urine of the patient by at least
20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% or more.
[0232] Before administration of a full dose of the dsRNA, patients
can be administered a smaller dose, such as a dose that is 5% of
the full dose, and monitored for adverse effects, such as an
allergic reaction or a change in liver function. For example, in
patients monitored for changes in liver function, a low incidence
of LFT (Liver Function Test) change (e.g., a 10-20% incidence of
LFT) is acceptable (e.g., a reversible, 3-fold increase in ALT
(alanine aminotransferase) and/or AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
levels).
[0233] Many TTR-associated diseases and disorders are hereditary.
Therefore, a patient in need of a TTR dsRNA can be identified by
taking a family history. A healthcare provider, such as a doctor,
nurse, or family member, can take a family history before
prescribing or administering a TTR dsRNA. A DNA test may also be
performed on the patient to identify a mutation in the TTR gene,
before a TTR dsRNA is administered to the patient.
[0234] The patient may have a biopsy performed before receiving a
TTR dsRNA. The biopsy can be, for example, on a tissue, such as the
gastric mucosa, peripheral nerve, skin, abdominal fat, liver, or
kidney, and the biopsy may reveal amyloid plaques, which are
indicative of a TTR-mediated disorder. Upon the identification of
amyloid plaques, the patient is administered a TTR dsRNA.
[0235] Methods for Inhibiting Expression of a TTR Gene
[0236] In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method for
inhibiting the expression of a TTR gene in a mammal. The method
includes administering a composition featured in the invention to
the mammal such that expression of the target TTR gene is
silenced.
[0237] When the organism to be treated is a mammal such as a human,
the composition may be administered by any means known in the art
including, but not limited to oral or parenteral routes, including
intracranial (e.g., intraventricular, intraparenchymal and
intrathecal), intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous,
transdermal, airway (aerosol), nasal, rectal, and topical
(including buccal and sublingual) administration. In certain
embodiments, the compositions are administered by intravenous
infusion or injection.
[0238] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although
methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described
herein can be used in the practice or testing of the dsRNAs and
methods featured in the invention, suitable methods and materials
are described below. All publications, patent applications,
patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by
reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present
specification, including definitions, will control. In addition,
the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not
intended to be limiting.
EXAMPLES
Example 1. dsRNA Synthesis
[0239] Source of Reagents
[0240] Where the source of a reagent is not specifically given
herein, such reagent may be obtained from any supplier of reagents
for molecular biology at a quality/purity standard for application
in molecular biology.
[0241] siRNA Synthesis
[0242] Single-stranded RNAs were produced by solid phase synthesis
on a scale of 1 .mu.mole using an Expedite 8909 synthesizer
(Applied Biosystems, Applera Deutschland GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany)
and controlled pore glass (CPG, 500 .ANG., Proligo Biochemie GmbH,
Hamburg, Germany) as solid support. RNA and RNA containing
2'-O-methyl nucleotides were generated by solid phase synthesis
employing the corresponding phosphoramidites and 2'-O-methyl
phosphoramidites, respectively (Proligo Biochemie GmbH, Hamburg,
Germany). These building blocks were incorporated at selected sites
within the sequence of the oligoribonucleotide chain using standard
nucleoside phosphoramidite chemistry such as described in Current
protocols in nucleic acid chemistry, Beaucage, S.L. et al. (Edrs.),
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., USA. Phosphorothioate
linkages were introduced by replacement of the iodine oxidizer
solution with a solution of the Beaucage reagent (Chruachem Ltd,
Glasgow, UK) in acetonitrile (1%). Further ancillary reagents were
obtained from Mallinckrodt Baker (Griesheim, Germany).
[0243] Deprotection and purification of the crude
oligoribonucleotides by anion exchange HPLC were carried out
according to established procedures. Yields and concentrations were
determined by UV absorption of a solution of the respective RNA at
a wavelength of 260 nm using a spectral photometer (DU 640B,
Beckman Coulter GmbH, UnterschleiBheim, Germany). Double stranded
RNA was generated by mixing an equimolar solution of complementary
strands in annealing buffer (20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8; 100 mM
sodium chloride), heated in a water bath at 85-90.degree. C. for 3
minutes and cooled to room temperature over a period of 3-4 hours.
The annealed RNA solution was stored at -20.degree. C. until
use.
[0244] For the synthesis of 3'-cholesterol-conjugated siRNAs
(herein referred to as -Chol-3'), an appropriately modified solid
support was used for RNA synthesis. The modified solid support was
prepared as follows:
[0245] Diethyl-2-azabutane-1,4-dicarboxylate AA
##STR00002##
[0246] A 4.7 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (50 mL) was
added into a stirred, ice-cooled solution of ethyl glycinate
hydrochloride (32.19 g, 0.23 mole) in water (50 mL). Then, ethyl
acrylate (23.1 g, 0.23 mole) was added and the mixture was stirred
at room temperature until completion of the reaction was
ascertained by TLC. After 19 h the solution was partitioned with
dichloromethane (3.times.100 mL). The organic layer was dried with
anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was
distilled to afford AA (28.8 g, 61%).
[0247]
3-{Ethoxycarbonylmethyl-[6-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl-amino)-h-
exanoyl]-amino}-propionic acid ethyl ester AB
##STR00003##
[0248] Fmoc-6-amino-hexanoic acid (9.12 g, 25.83 mmol) was
dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and cooled with ice.
Diisopropylcarbodiimde (3.25 g, 3.99 mL, 25.83 mmol) was added to
the solution at 0.degree. C. It was then followed by the addition
of Diethyl-azabutane-1,4-dicarboxylate (5 g, 24.6 mmol) and
dimethylamino pyridine (0.305 g, 2.5 mmol). The solution was
brought to room temperature and stirred further for 6 h. Completion
of the reaction was ascertained by TLC. The reaction mixture was
concentrated under vacuum and ethyl acetate was added to
precipitate diisopropyl urea. The suspension was filtered. The
filtrate was washed with 5% aqueous hydrochloric acid, 5% sodium
bicarbonate and water. The combined organic layer was dried over
sodium sulfate and concentrated to give the crude product which was
purified by column chromatography (50% EtOAC/Hexanes) to yield
11.87 g (88%) of AB.
[0249] 3-[(6-Amino-hexanoyl)-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-amino]-propionic
acid ethyl ester AC
##STR00004##
[0250]
3-{Ethoxycarbonylmethyl-[6-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-he-
xanoyl]-amino}-propionic acid ethyl ester AB (11.5 g, 21.3 mmol)
was dissolved in 20% piperidine in dimethylformamide at 0.degree.
C. The solution was continued stirring for 1 h. The reaction
mixture was concentrated under vacuum, water was added to the
residue, and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The
crude product was purified by conversion into its hydrochloride
salt.
[0251]
3-({6-[17-(1,5-Dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,-
13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonyla-
mino]-hexanoyl}ethoxycarbonylmethyl-amino)-propionic acid ethyl
ester AD
##STR00005##
[0252] The hydrochloride salt of
3-[(6-Amino-hexanoyl)-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-amino]-propionic acid
ethyl ester AC (4.7 g, 14.8 mmol) was taken up in dichloromethane.
The suspension was cooled to 0.degree. C. on ice. To the suspension
diisopropylethylamine (3.87 g, 5.2 mL, 30 mmol) was added. To the
resulting solution cholesteryl chloroformate (6.675 g, 14.8 mmol)
was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction
mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with 10%
hydrochloric acid. The product was purified by flash chromatography
(10.3 g, 92%).
[0253]
1-{6-[17-(1,5-Dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,1-
3,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]
phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonylamino]-hexanoyl}-4-oxo-pyrrolidine-3-carboxyli-
c acid ethyl ester AE
##STR00006##
[0254] Potassium t-butoxide (1.1 g, 9.8 mmol) was slurried in 30 mL
of dry toluene. The mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. on ice and 5
g (6.6 mmol) of diester AD was added slowly with stirring within 20
mins. The temperature was kept below 5.degree. C. during the
addition. The stirring was continued for 30 mins at 0.degree. C.
and 1 mL of glacial acetic acid was added, immediately followed by
4 g of NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4.H.sub.2O in 40 mL of water The resultant
mixture was extracted twice with 100 mL of dichloromethane each and
the combined organic extracts were washed twice with 10 mL of
phosphate buffer each, dried, and evaporated to dryness. The
residue was dissolved in 60 mL of toluene, cooled to 0.degree. C.
and extracted with three 50 mL portions of cold pH 9.5 carbonate
buffer. The aqueous extracts were adjusted to pH 3 with phosphoric
acid, and extracted with five 40 mL portions of chloroform which
were combined, dried and evaporated to dryness. The residue was
purified by column chromatography using 25% ethylacetate/hexane to
afford 1.9 g of b-ketoester (39%).
[0255]
[6-(3-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-oxo-hexyl]-carbami-
c acid
17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,1-
5,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl ester
AF
##STR00007##
[0256] Methanol (2 mL) was added dropwise over a period of 1 h to a
refluxing mixture of b-ketoester AE (1.5 g, 2.2 mmol) and sodium
borohydride (0.226 g, 6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Stirring
was continued at reflux temperature for 1 h. After cooling to room
temperature, 1 N HCl (12.5 mL) was added, the mixture was extracted
with ethylacetate (3.times.40 mL). The combined ethylacetate layer
was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under
vacuum to yield the product which was purified by column
chromatography (10% MeOH/CHCl) (89%).
[0257]
(6-{3-[Bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-pyrro-
lidin-1-yl}-6-oxo-hexyl)-carbamic acid
17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1-
7-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl ester AG
##STR00008##
[0258] Diol AF (1.25 gm 1.994 mmol) was dried by evaporating with
pyridine (2.times.5 mL) in vacuo. Anhydrous pyridine (10 mL) and
4,4'-dimethoxytritylchloride (0.724 g, 2.13 mmol) were added with
stirring. The reaction was carried out at room temperature
overnight. The reaction was quenched by the addition of methanol.
The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and to the
residue dichloromethane (50 mL) was added. The organic layer was
washed with 1M aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was
dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The
residual pyridine was removed by evaporating with toluene. The
crude product was purified by column chromatography (2%
MeOH/Chloroform, Rf=0.5 in 5% MeOH/CHCl3) (1.75 g, 95%).
[0259] Succinic acid
mono-(4-[bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxymethyl]-1-{6-[17-(1,5-dimet-
hyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl
2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H
cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yloxycarbonylamino]-hexanoyl}-pyrrolidin-3-yl)
ester AH
##STR00009##
[0260] Compound AG (1.0 g, 1.05 mmol) was mixed with succinic
anhydride (0.150 g, 1.5 mmol) and DMAP (0.073 g, 0.6 mmol) and
dried in a vacuum at 40.degree. C. overnight. The mixture was
dissolved in anhydrous dichloroethane (3 mL), triethylamine (0.318
g, 0.440 mL, 3.15 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred at
room temperature under argon atmosphere for 16 h. It was then
diluted with dichloromethane (40 mL) and washed with ice cold
aqueous citric acid (5 wt%, 30 mL) and water (2.times.20 mL). The
organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and
concentrated to dryness. The residue was used as such for the next
step.
[0261] Cholesterol Derivatised CPG AI
##STR00010##
[0262] Succinate AH (0.254 g, 0.242 mmol) was dissolved in a
mixture of dichloromethane/acetonitrile (3:2, 3 mL). To that
solution DMAP (0.0296 g, 0.242 mmol) in acetonitrile (1.25 mL),
2,2'-Dithio-bis(5-nitropyridine) (0.075 g, 0.242 mmol) in
acetonitrile/dichloroethane (3:1, 1.25 mL) were added successively.
To the resulting solution triphenylphosphine (0.064 g, 0.242 mmol)
in acetonitrile (0.6 ml) was added. The reaction mixture turned
bright orange in color. The solution was agitated briefly using a
wrist-action shaker (5 mins). Long chain alkyl amine-CPG (LCAA-CPG)
(1.5 g, 61 mM) was added. The suspension was agitated for 2 h. The
CPG was filtered through a sintered funnel and washed with
acetonitrile, dichloromethane and ether successively. Unreacted
amino groups were masked using acetic anhydride/pyridine. The
achieved loading of the CPG was measured by taking UV measurement
(37 mM/g).
[0263] The synthesis of siRNAs bearing a 5.sup.1-12-dodecanoic acid
bisdecylamide group (herein referred to as "5'-C32-") or a
5'-cholesteryl derivative group (herein referred to as "5'-Chol-")
was performed as described in WO 2004/065601, except that, for the
cholesteryl derivative, the oxidation step was performed using the
Beaucage reagent in order to introduce a phosphorothioate linkage
at the 5'-end of the nucleic acid oligomer.
[0264] Nucleic acid sequences are represented below using standard
nomenclature, and specifically the abbreviations of Table 1.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Abbreviations of nucleotide monomers used in
nucleic acid sequence representation. It will be understood that
these monomers, when present in an oligonucleotide, are mutually
linked by 5'-3'-phosphodiester bonds. Abbreviation Nucleotide(s) A
adenosine-3'-phosphate C cytidine-3'-phosphate G
guanosine-3'-phosphate T 5-methyluridine-3'-phosphate U
uridine-3'-phosphate N any nucleotide (G, A, C, or T) a
2'-O-methyladenosine-3'-phosphate c
2'-O-methylcytidine-3'-phosphate g
2'-O-methylguanosine-3'-phosphate u 2'-O-methyluridine-3'-phosphate
dT 2'-deoxythymidine-3'-phosphate sT; sdT
2'-deoxy-thymidine-5'phosphate-phosphorothioate
Example 2A
TTR siRNA Design
[0265] Transcripts
[0266] siRNA design was carried out to identify siRNAs targeting
the gene transthyretin from human (symbol TTR) and rat (symbol
Ttr). The design used the TTR transcripts NM_000371.2 (SEQ ID
NO:1329) (human) and NM_012681.1 (SEQ ID NO:1330) (rat) from the
NCBI Refseq collection. The siRNA duplexes were designed with 100%
identity to their respective TTR genes.
[0267] siRNA Design and Specificity Prediction
[0268] The predicted specificity of all possible 19mers was
determined for each sequence. The TTR siRNAs were used in a
comprehensive search against the human and rat transcriptomes
(defined as the set of NM_ and XM_ records within the NCBI Refseq
set) using the FASTA algorithm. The Python script
`offtargetFasta.py` was then used to parse the alignments and
generate a score based on the position and number of mismatches
between the siRNA and any potential `off-target` transcript. The
off-target score is weighted to emphasize differences in the `seed`
region of siRNAs, in positions 2-9 from the 5' end of the molecule.
The off-target score is calculated as follows: mismatches between
the oligo and the transcript are given penalties. A mismatch in the
seed region in positions 2-9 of the oligo is given a penalty of
2.8; mismatches in the putative cleavage sites 10 and 11 are given
a penalty of 1.2, and mismatches in positions 12-19 a penalty of 1.
Mismatches in position 1 are not considered. The off-target score
for each oligo-transcript pair is then calculated by summing the
mismatch penalties. The lowest off-target score from all the
oligo-transcript pairs is then determined and used in subsequent
sorting of oligos. Both siRNA strands were assigned to a category
of specificity according to the calculated scores: a score above 3
qualifies as highly specific, equal to 3 as specific, and between
2.2 and 2.8 as moderately specific. In picking which oligos to
synthesize, off-target scores of the antisense strand were sorted
from high to low, and the 144 best (lowest off-target score) oligo
pairs from human, and the best 26 pairs from rat were selected.
[0269] siRNA Sequence Selection
[0270] A total of 140 sense and 140 antisense human TTR derived
siRNA oligos were synthesized and formed into duplexes. A total of
26 sense and 26 antisense rat TTR derived siRNA oligos were
synthesized and formed into duplexes. Duplexes included The oligos
are presented in Tables 2-4 (human TTR) and Tables 5-7 (rat
TTR).
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Identification numbers for human TTR dsRNAs
See Table 4 for sequences and modifications of oligos. Sense
Antisense Duplex # Oligo # Oligo # AD-18243 A-32153 A-32154
AD-18244 A-32155 A-32156 AD-18245 A-32157 A-32158 AD-18246 A-32159
A-32160 AD-18247 A-32163 A-32164 AD-18248 A-32165 A-32166 AD-18249
A-32167 A-32168 AD-18250 A-32169 A-32170 AD-18251 A-32171 A-32172
AD-18252 A-32175 A-32176 AD-18253 A-32177 A-32178 AD-18254 A-32179
A-32180 AD-18255 A-32181 A-32182 AD-18256 A-32183 A-32184 AD-18257
A-32187 A-32188 AD-18258 A-32189 A-32190 AD-18259 A-32191 A-32192
AD-18260 A-32193 A-32194 AD-18261 A-32195 A-32196 AD-18262 A-32199
A-32200 AD-18263 A-32201 A-32202 AD-18264 A-32203 A-32204 AD-18265
A-32205 A-32206 AD-18266 A-32207 A-32208 AD-18267 A-32211 A-32212
AD-18268 A-32213 A-32214 AD-18269 A-32215 A-32216 AD-18270 A-32217
A-32218 AD-18271 A-32219 A-32220 AD-18272 A-32221 A-32222 AD-18273
A-32223 A-32224 AD-18274 A-32225 A-32226 AD-18275 A-32227 A-32228
AD-18276 A-32229 A-32230 AD-18277 A-32231 A-32232 AD-18278 A-32233
A-32234 AD-18279 A-32235 A-32236 AD-18280 A-32237 A-32238 AD-18281
A-32239 A-32240 AD-18282 A-32241 A-32242 AD-18283 A-32243 A-32244
AD-18284 A-32247 A-32248 AD-18285 A-32249 A-32250 AD-18286 A-32251
A-32252 AD-18287 A-32253 A-32254 AD-18288 A-32255 A-32256 AD-18289
A-32259 A-32260 AD-18290 A-32261 A-32262 AD-18291 A-32263 A-32264
AD-18292 A-32265 A-32266 AD-18293 A-32267 A-32268 AD-18294 A-32269
A-32270 AD-18295 A-32271 A-32272 AD-18296 A-32273 A-32274 AD-18297
A-32275 A-32276 AD-18298 A-32277 A-32278 AD-18299 A-32279 A-32280
AD-18300 A-32281 A-32282 AD-18301 A-32283 A-32284 AD-18302 A-32285
A-32286 AD-18303 A-32287 A-32288 AD-18304 A-32289 A-32290 AD-18305
A-32291 A-32292 AD-18306 A-32295 A-32296 AD-18307 A-32297 A-32298
AD-18308 A-32299 A-32300 AD-18309 A-32301 A-32302 AD-18310 A-32303
A-32304 AD-18311 A-32307 A-32308 AD-18312 A-32309 A-32310 AD-18313
A-32311 A-32312 AD-18314 A-32313 A-32314 AD-18315 A-32315 A-32316
AD-18316 A-32319 A-32320 AD-18317 A-32321 A-32322 AD-18318 A-32323
A-32324 AD-18319 A-32325 A-32326 AD-18320 A-32327 A-32328 AD-18321
A-32331 A-32332 AD-18322 A-32333 A-32334 AD-18323 A-32335 A-32336
AD-18324 A-32337 A-32338 AD-18325 A-32339 A-32340 AD-18326 A-32341
A-32342 AD-18327 A-32343 A-32344 AD-18328 A-32345 A-32346 AD-18329
A-32347 A-32348 AD-18330 A-32349 A-32350 AD-18331 A-32351 A-32352
AD-18332 A-32353 A-32354 AD-18333 A-32355 A-32356 AD-18334 A-32357
A-32358 AD-18335 A-32359 A-32360 AD-18336 A-32363 A-32364 AD-18337
A-32367 A-32368 AD-18338 A-32369 A-32370 AD-18339 A-32371 A-32372
AD-18340 A-32373 A-32374 AD-18341 A-32375 A-32376 AD-18342 A-32379
A-32380 AD-18343 A-32381 A-32382 AD-18344 A-32383 A-32384 AD-18345
A-32385 A-32386 AD-18346 A-32387 A-32388 AD-18347 A-32391 A-32392
AD-18348 A-32393 A-32394 AD-18349 A-32395 A-32396 AD-18350 A-32397
A-32398 AD-18351 A-32399 A-32400 AD-18352 A-32401 A-32402 AD-18353
A-32403 A-32404 AD-18354 A-32405 A-32406 AD-18355 A-32407 A-32408
AD-18356 A-32409 A-32410 AD-18357 A-32411 A-32412 AD-18358 A-32415
A-32416 AD-18359 A-32417 A-32418 AD-18360 A-32419 A-32420 AD-18361
A-32421 A-32422 AD-18362 A-32423 A-32424 AD-18363 A-32427 A-32428
AD-18364 A-32429 A-32430 AD-18446 A-32161 A-32162 AD-18447 A-32173
A-32174 AD-18448 A-32185 A-32186 AD-18449 A-32197 A-32198 AD-18450
A-32209 A-32210 AD-18451 A-32245 A-32246 AD-18452 A-32257 A-32258
AD-18453 A-32293 A-32294 AD-18454 A-32305 A-32306 AD-18455 A-32317
A-32318 AD-18456 A-32329 A-32330 AD-18457 A-32361 A-32362 AD-18458
A-32365 A-32366 AD-18459 A-32377 A-32378 AD-18460 A-32389 A-32390
AD-18461 A-32401 A-32402 AD-18462 A-32413 A-32414 AD-18463 A-32425
A-32426
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3A Sense and antisense strand sequences of
human TTR dsRNAs Strand: s = sense; as = antisense; Position:
position of 5' base on transcript (NM_000371.2, SEQ ID NO: 1329)
SEQ Sequence with 3' SEQ Sequence ID dinucleotide overhang ID
Strand Position (5' to 3') NO: (5' to 3') NO: S 100
CCGGUGAAUCCAAGUGUCC 1 CCGGUGAAUCCAAGUGUCCNN 281 as 118
GGACACUUGGAUUCACCGG 2 GGACACUUGGAUUCACCGGNN 282 S 11
ACUCAUUCUUGGCAGGAUG 3 ACUCAUUCUUGGCAGGAUGNN 283 as 29
CAUCCUGCCAAGAAUGAGU 4 CAUCCUGCCAAGAAUGAGUNN 284 S 111
AAGUGUCCUCUGAUGGUCA 5 AAGUGUCCUCUGAUGGUCANN 285 as 129
UGACCAUCAGAGGACACUU 6 UGACCAUCAGAGGACACUUNN 286 S 13
UCAUUCUUGGCAGGAUGGC 7 UCAUUCUUGGCAGGAUGGCNN 287 as 31
GCCAUCCUGCCAAGAAUGA 8 GCCAUCCUGCCAAGAAUGANN 288 s 130
AAGUUCUAGAUGCUGUCCG 9 AAGUUCUAGAUGCUGUCCGNN 289 as 148
CGGACAGCAUCUAGAACUU 10 CGGACAGCAUCUAGAACUUNN 290 s 132
GUUCUAGAUGCUGUCCGAG 11 GUUCUAGAUGCUGUCCGAGNN 291 as 150
CUCGGACAGCAUCUAGAAC 12 CUCGGACAGCAUCUAGAACNN 292 s 135
CUAGAUGCUGUCCGAGGCA 13 CUAGAUGCUGUCCGAGGCANN 293 as 153
UGCCUCGGACAGCAUCUAG 14 UGCCUCGGACAGCAUCUAGNN 294 s 138
GAUGCUGUCCGAGGCAGUC 15 GAUGCUGUCCGAGGCAGUCNN 295 as 156
GACUGCCUCGGACAGCAUC 16 GACUGCCUCGGACAGCAUCNN 296 s 14
CAUUCUUGGCAGGAUGGCU 17 CAUUCUUGGCAGGAUGGCUNN 297 as 32
AGCCAUCCUGCCAAGAAUG 18 AGCCAUCCUGCCAAGAAUGNN 298 s 140
UGCUGUCCGAGGCAGUCCU 19 UGCUGUCCGAGGCAGUCCUNN 299 as 158
AGGACUGCCUCGGACAGCA 20 AGGACUGCCUCGGACAGCANN 300 s 146
CCGAGGCAGUCCUGCCAUC 21 CCGAGGCAGUCCUGCCAUCNN 301 as 164
GAUGGCAGGACUGCCUCGG 22 GAUGGCAGGACUGCCUCGGNN 302 s 152
CAGUCCUGCCAUCAAUGUG 23 CAGUCCUGCCAUCAAUGUGNN 303 as 170
CACAUUGAUGGCAGGACUG 24 CACAUUGAUGGCAGGACUGNN 304 s 164
CAAUGUGGCCGUGCAUGUG 25 CAAUGUGGCCGUGCAUGUGNN 305 as 182
CACAUGCACGGCCACAUUG 26 CACAUGCACGGCCACAUUGNN 306 s 178
AUGUGUUCAGAAAGGCUGC 27 AUGUGUUCAGAAAGGCUGCNN 307 as 196
GCAGCCUUUCUGAACACAU 28 GCAGCCUUUCUGAACACAUNN 308 s 2
CAGAAGUCCACUCAUUCUU 29 CAGAAGUCCACUCAUUCUUNN 309 as 20
AAGAAUGAGUGGACUUCUG 30 AAGAAUGAGUGGACUUCUGNN 310 s 21
GGCAGGAUGGCUUCUCAUC 31 GGCAGGAUGGCUUCUCAUCNN 311 as 39
GAUGAGAAGCCAUCCUGCC 32 GAUGAGAAGCCAUCCUGCCNN 312 s 210
GAGCCAUUUGCCUCUGGGA 33 GAGCCAUUUGCCUCUGGGANN 313 as 228
UCCCAGAGGCAAAUGGCUC 34 UCCCAGAGGCAAAUGGCUCNN 314 s 23
CAGGAUGGCUUCUCAUCGU 35 CAGGAUGGCUUCUCAUCGUNN 315 as 41
ACGAUGAGAAGCCAUCCUG 36 ACGAUGAGAAGCCAUCCUGNN 316 s 24
AGGAUGGCUUCUCAUCGUC 37 AGGAUGGCUUCUCAUCGUCNN 317 as 42
GACGAUGAGAAGCCAUCCU 38 GACGAUGAGAAGCCAUCCUNN 318 s 245
AGAGCUGCAUGGGCUCACA 39 AGAGCUGCAUGGGCUCACANN 319 as 263
UGUGAGCCCAUGGAGCUCU 40 UGUGAGCCCAUGGAGCUCUNN 320 s 248
GCUGCAUGGGCUCACAACU 41 GCUGCAUGGGCUCACAACUNN 321 as 266
AGUUGUGAGCCCAUGGAGC 42 AGUUGUGAGCCCAUGGAGCNN 322 s 25
GGAUGGCUUCUCAUCGUCU 43 GGAUGGCUUCUCAUCGUCUNN 323 as 43
AGACGAUGAGAAGCCAUCC 44 AGACGAUGAGAAGCCAUCCNN 324 s 251
GCAUGGGCUCACAACUGAG 45 GCAUGGGCUCACAACUGAGNN 325 as 269
CUCAGUUGUGAGCCCAUGC 46 CUCAGUUGUGAGCCCAUGCNN 326 s 253
AUGGGCUCACAACUGAGGA 47 AUGGGCUCACAACUGAGGANN 327 as 271
UCCUCAGUUGUGAGCCCAU 48 UCCUCAGUUGUGAGCCCAUNN 328 s 254
UGGGCUCACAACUGAGGAG 49 UGGGCUCACAACUGAGGAGNN 329 as 272
CUCCUCAGUUGUGAGCCCA 50 CUCCUCAGUUGUGAGCCCANN 330 s 270
GAGGAAUUUGUAGAAGGGA 51 GAGGAAUUUGUAGAAGGGANN 331 as 288
UCCCUUCUACAAAUUCCUC 52 UCCCUUCUACAAAUUCCUCNN 332 s 276
UUUGUAGAAGGGAUAUACA 53 UUUGUAGAAGGGAUAUACANN 333 as 294
UGUAUAUCCCUUCUACAAA 54 UGUAUAUCCCUUCUACAAANN 334 s 277
UUGUAGAAGGGAUAUACAA 55 UUGUAGAAGGGAUAUACAANN 335 as 295
UUGUAUAUCCCUUCUACAA 56 UUGUAUAUCCCUUCUACAANN 336 s 278
UGUAGAAGGGAUAUACAAA 57 UGUAGAAGGGAUAUACAAANN 337 as 296
UUUGUAUAUCCCUUCUACA 58 UUUGUAUAUCCCUUCUACANN 338 s 281
AGAAGGGAUAUACAAAGUG 59 AGAAGGGAUAUACAAAGUGNN 339 as 299
CACUUUGUAUAUCCCUUCU 60 CACUUUGUAUAUCCCUUCUNN 340 s 295
AAGUGGAAAUAGACACCAA 61 AAGUGGAAAUAGACACCAANN 341 as 313
UUGGUGUCUAUUUCCACUU 62 UUGGUGUCUAUUUCCACUUNN 342 s 299
GGAAAUAGACACCAAAUCU 63 GGAAAUAGACACCAAAUCUNN 343 as 317
AGAUUUGGUGUCUAUUUCC 64 AGAUUUGGUGUCUAUUUCCNN 344 s 300
GAAAUAGACACCAAAUCUU 65 GAAAUAGACACCAAAUCUUNN 345 as 318
AAGAUUUGGUGUCUAUUUC 66 AAGAUUUGGUGUCUAUUUCNN 346 s 303
AUAGACACCAAAUCUUACU 67 AUAGACACCAAAUCUUACUNN 347 as 321
AGUAAGAUUUGGUGUCUAU 68 AGUAAGAUUUGGUGUCUAUNN 348 s 304
UAGACACCAAAUCUUACUG 69 UAGACACCAAAUCUUACUGNN 349 as 322
CAGUAAGAUUUGGUGUCUA 70 CAGUAAGAUUUGGUGUCUANN 350 s 305
AGACACCAAAUCUUACUGG 71 AGACACCAAAUCUUACUGGNN 351 as 323
CCAGUAAGAUUUGGUGUCU 72 CCAGUAAGAUUUGGUGUCUNN 352 s 317
UUACUGGAAGGCACUUGGC 73 UUACUGGAAGGCACUUGGCNN 353 as 335
GCCAAGUGCCUUCCAGUAA 74 GCCAAGUGCCUUCCAGUAANN 354 s 32
UUCUCAUCGUCUGCUCCUC 75 UUCUCAUCGUCUGCUCCUCNN 355 as 50
GAGGAGCAGACGAUGAGAA 76 GAGGAGCAGACGAUGAGAANN 356 s 322
GGAAGGCACUUGGCAUCUC 77 GGAAGGCACUUGGCAUCUCNN 357 as 340
GAGAUGCCAAGUGCCUUCC 78 GAGAUGCCAAGUGCCUUCCNN 358 s 326
GGCACUUGGCAUCUCCCCA 79 GGCACUUGGCAUCUCCCCANN 359 as 344
UGGGGAGAUGCCAAGUGCC 80 UGGGGAGAUGCCAAGUGCCNN 360 s 333
GGCAUCUCCCCAUUCCAUG 81 GGCAUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGNN 361 as 351
AUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGCCTT 82 AUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGCCTTNN 362 s 334
GCAUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGA 83 GCAUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGANN 363 as 352
UCAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGC 84 UCAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGCNN 364 s 335
CAUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGAG 85 CAUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGAGNN 365 as 353
CUCAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUG 86 CUCAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGNN 366 s 336
AUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGAGC 87 AUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGAGCNN 367 as 354
GCUCAUGGAAUGGGGAGAU 88 GCUCAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUNN 368 s 338
CUCCCCAUUCCAUGAGCAU 89 CUCCCCAUUCCAUGAGCAUNN 369 as 356
AUGCUCAUGGAAUGGGGAG 90 AUGCUCAUGGAAUGGGGAGNN 370 s 341
CCCAUUCCAUGAGCAUGCA 91 CCCAUUCCAUGAGCAUGCANN 371 as 359
UGCAUGCUCAUGGAAUGGG 92 UGCAUGCUCAUGGAAUGGGNN 372 s 347
CCAUGAGCAUGCAGAGGUG 93 CCAUGAGCAUGCAGAGGUGNN 373 as 365
CACCUCUGCAUGCUCAUGG 94 CACCUCUGCAUGCUCAUGGNN 374 s 352
AGCAUGCAGAGGUGGUAUU 95 AGCAUGCAGAGGUGGUAUUNN 375 as 370
AAUACCACCUCUGCAUGCU 96 AAUACCACCUCUGCAUGCUNN 376 s 354
CAUGCAGAGGUGGUAUUCA 97 CAUGCAGAGGUGGUAUUCANN 377 as 372
UGAAUACCACCUCUGCAUG 98 UGAAUACCACCUCUGCAUGNN 378 s 355
AUGCAGAGGUGGUAUUCAC 99 AUGCAGAGGUGGUAUUCACNN 379 as 373
GUGAAUACCACCUCUGCAU 100 GUGAAUACCACCUCUGCAUNN 380 s 362
GGUGGUAUUCACAGCCAAC 101 GGUGGUAUUCACAGCCAACNN 381 as 380
GUUGGCUGUGAAUACCACC 102 GUUGGCUGUGAAUACCACCNN 382 s 363
GUGGUAUUCACAGCCAACG 103 GUGGUAUUCACAGCCAACGNN 383 as 381
CGUUGGCUGUGAAUACCAC 104 CGUUGGCUGUGAAUACCACNN 384 s 364
UGGUAUUCACAGCCAACGA 105 UGGUAUUCACAGCCAACGANN 385 as 382
UCGUUGGCUGUGAAUACCA 106 UCGUUGGCUGUGAAUACCANN 386 s 365
GGUAUUCACAGCCAACGAC 107 GGUADUCACAGCCAACGACNN 387 as 383
GUCGUUGGCUGUGAAUACC 108 GUCGUUGGCUGUGAAUACCNN 388 s 366
GUAUUCACAGCCAACGACU 109 GUAUUCACAGCCAACGACUNN 389 as 384
AGUCGUUGGCUGUGAAUAC 110 AGUCGUUGGCUGUGAAUACNN 390 s 367
UAUUCACAGCCAACGACUC 111 UAUUCACAGCCAACGACUCNN 391 as 385
GAGUCGUUGGCUGUGAAUA 112 GAGUCGUUGGCUGUGAAUANN 392 s 370
UCACAGCCAACGACUCCGG 113 UCACAGCCAACGACUCCGGNN 393 as 388
CCGGAGUCGUUGGCUGUGA 114 CCGGAGUCGUUGGCUGUGANN 394 s 390
CCCCGCCGCUACACCAUUG 115 CCCCGCCGCUACACCAUUGNN 395 as 408
CAAUGGUGUAGCGGCGGGG 116 CAAUGGUGUAGCGGCGGGGNN 396 s 4
GAAGUCCACUCAUUCUUGG 117 GAAGUCCACUCAUUCUUGGNN 397 as 22
CCAAGAAUGAGUGGACUUC 118 CCAAGAAUGAGUGGACUUCNN 398 s 412
CCCUGCUGAGCCCCUACUC 119 CCCUGCUGAGCCCCUACUCNN 399 as 430
GAGUAGGGGCUCAGCAGGG 120 GAGUAGGGGCUCAGCAGGGNN 400
s 417 CUGAGCCCCUACUCCUAUU 121 CUGAGCCCCUACUCCUAUUNN 401 as 435
AAUAGGAGUAGGGGCUCAG 122 AAUAGGAGUAGGGGCUCAGNN 402 s 418
UGAGCCCCUACUCCUAUUC 123 UGAGCCCCUACUCCUAUUCNN 403 as 436
GAAUAGGAGUAGGGGCUCA 124 GAAUAGGAGUAGGGGCUCANN 404 s 422
CCCCUACUCCUAUUCCACC 125 CCCCUACUCCUAUUCCACCNN 405 as 440
GGUGGAAUAGGAGUAGGGG 126 GGUGGAAUAGGAGUAGGGGNN 406 s 425
CUACUCCUAUUCCACCACG 127 CUACUCCUAUUCCACCACGNN 407 as 443
CGUGGUGGAAUAGGAGUAG 128 CGUGGUGGAAUAGGAGUAGNN 408 s 426
UACUCCUAUUCCACCACGG 129 UACUCCUAUUCCACCACGGNN 409 as 444
CCGUGGUGGAAUAGGAGUA 130 CCGUGGUGGAAUAGGAGUANN 410 s 427
ACUCCUAUUCCACCACGGC 131 ACUCCUAUUCCACCACGGCNN 411 as 445
GCCGUGGUGGAAUAGGAGU 132 GCCGUGGUGGAAUAGGAGUNN 412 s 429
UCCUAUUCCACCACGGCUG 133 UCCUAUUCCACCACGGCUGNN 413 as 447
CAGCCGUGGUGGAAUAGGA 134 CAGCCGUGGUGGAAUAGGANN 414 s 432
UAUUCCACCACGGCUGUCG 135 UAUUCCACCACGGCUGUCGNN 415 as 450
CGACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUA 136 CGACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUANN 416 s 433
AUUCCACCACGGCUGUCGU 137 AUUCCACCACGGCUGUCGUNN 417 as 451
ACGACAGCCGUGGUGGAAU 138 ACGACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUNN 418 s 437
CACCACGGCUGUCGUCACC 139 CACCACGGCUGUCGUCACCNN 419 as 455
GGUGACGACAGCCGUGGUG 140 GGUGACGACAGCCGUGGUGNN 420 s 438
ACCACGGCUGUCGUCACCA 141 ACCACGGCUGUCGUCACCANN 421 as 456
UGGUGACGACAGCCGUGGU 142 UGGUGACGACAGCCGUGGUNN 422 s 439
CCACGGCUGUCGUCACCAA 143 CCACGGCUGUCGUCACCAANN 423 as 457
UUGGUGACGACAGCCGUGG 144 UUGGUGACGACAGCCGUGGNN 424 s 441
ACGGCUGUCGUCACCAAUC 145 ACGGCUGUCGUCACCAAUCNN 425 as 459
GAUUGGUGACGACAGCCGU 146 GAUUGGUGACGACAGCCGUNN 426 s 442
CGGCUGUCGUCACCAAUCC 147 CGGCUGUCGUCACCAAUCCNN 427 as 460
GGAUUGGUGACGACAGCCG 148 GGAUUGGUGACGACAGCCGNN 428 s 449
CGUCACCAAUCCCAAGGAA 149 CGUCACCAAUCCCAAGGAANN 429 as 467
UUCCUUGGGAUUGGUGACG 150 UUCCUUGGGAUUGGUGACGNN 430 s 455
CAAUCCCAAGGAAUGAGGG 151 CAAUCCCAAGGAAUGAGGGNN 431 as 473
CCCUCAUUCCUUGGGAUUG 152 CCCUCAUUCCUUGGGAUUGNN 432 s 491
CCUGAAGGACGAGGGAUGG 153 CCUGAAGGACGAGGGAUGGNN 433 as 509
CCAUCCCUCGUCCUUCAGG 154 CCAUCCCUCGUCCUUCAGGNN 434 s 497
GGACGAGGGAUGGGAUUUC 155 GGACGAGGGAUGGGAUUUCNN 435 as 515
GAAAUCCCAUCCCUCGUCC 156 GAAAUCCCAUCCCUCGUCCNN 436 s 5
AAGUCCACUCAUUCUUGGC 157 AAGUCCACUCAUUCUUGGCNN 437 as 23
GCCAAGAAUGAGUGGACUU 158 GCCAAGAAUGAGUGGACUUNN 438 s 508
GGGAUUUCAUGUAACCAAG 159 GGGAUUUCAUGUAACCAAGNN 439 as 526
CUUGGUUACAUGAAAUCCC 160 CUUGGUUACAUGAAAUCCCNN 440 s 509
GGAUUUCAUGUAACCAAGA 161 GGAUUUCAUGUAACCAAGANN 441 as 527
UCUUGGUUACAUGAAAUCC 162 UCUUGGUUACAUGAAAUCCNN 442 s 514
UCAUGUAACCAAGAGUAUU 163 UCAUGUAACCAAGAGUAUUNN 443 as 532
AAUACUCUUGGUUACAUGA 164 AAUACUCUUGGUUACAUGANN 444 s 516
AUGUAACCAAGAGUAUUCC 165 AUGUAACCAAGAGUAUUCCNN 445 as 534
GGAAUACUCUUGGUUACAU 166 GGAAUACUCUUGGUUACAUNN 446 s 517
UGUAACCAAGAGUAUUCCA 167 UGUAACCAAGAGUAUUCCANN 447 as 535
UGGAAUACUCUUGGUUACA 168 UGGAAUACUCUUGGUUACANN 448 s 518
GUAACCAAGAGUAUUCCAU 169 GUAACCAAGAGUAUUCCAUNN 449 as 536
AUGGAAUACUCUUGGUUAC 170 AUGGAAUACUCUUGGUUACNN 450 s 54
UGCCUUGCUGGACUGGUAU 171 UGCCUUGCUGGACUGGUAUNN 451 as 72
AUACCAGUCCAGCAAGGCA 172 AUACCAGUCCAGCAAGGCANN 452 s 543
UAAAGCAGUGUUUUCACCU 173 UAAAGCAGUGUUUUCACCUNN 453 as 561
AGGUGAAAACACUGCUUUA 174 AGGUGAAAACACUGCUUUANN 454 s 55
GCCUUGCUGGACUGGUAUU 175 GCCUUGCUGGACUGGUAUUNN 455 as 73
AAUACCAGUCCAGCAAGGC 176 AAUACCAGUCCAGCAAGGCNN 456 s 551
UGUUUUCACCUCAUAUGCU 177 UGUUUUCACCUCAUAUGCUNN 457 as 569
AGCAUAUGAGGUGAAAACA 178 AGCADAUGAGGUGAAAACANN 458 s 552
GUUUUCACCUCAUAUGCUA 179 GUUUUCACCUCAUAUGCUANN 459 as 570
UAGCAUAUGAGGUGAAAAC 180 UAGCAUAUGAGGUGAAAACNN 460 s 553
UUUUCACCUCAUAUGCUAU 181 UUUUCACCUCAUAUGCUAUNN 461 as 571
AUAGCAUAUGAGGUGAAAA 182 AUAGCAUAUGAGGUGAAAANN 462 s 555
UUCACCUCAUAUGCUAUGU 183 UUCACCUCAUAUGCUAUGUNN 463 as 573
ACAUAGCAUAUGAGGUGAA 184 ACAUAGCAUAUGAGGUGAANN 464 s 557
CACCUCAUAUGCUAUGUUA 185 CACCUCAUAUGCUAUGUUANN 465 as 575
UAACAUAGCAUAUGAGGUG 186 UAACAUAGCAUAUGAGGUGNN 466 s 56
CCUUGCUGGACUGGUAUUU 187 CCUUGCUGGACUGGUAUUUNN 467 as 74
AAAUACCAGUCCAGCAAGG 188 AAAUACCAGUCCAGCAAGGNN 468 s 563
AUAUGCUAUGUUAGAAGUC 189 AUAUGCUAUGUUAGAAGUCNN 469 as 581
GACUUCUAACAUAGCAUAU 190 GACUUCUAACAUAGCAUAUNN 470 s 564
UAUGCUAUGUUAGAAGUCC 191 UAUGCUAUGUUAGAAGUCCNN 471 as 582
GGACUUCUAACAUAGCAUA 192 GGACUUCUAACAUAGCAUANN 472 s 566
UGCUAUGUUAGAAGUCCAG 193 UGCUAUGUUAGAAGUCCAGNN 473 as 584
CUGGACUUCUAACAUAGCA 194 CUGGACUUCUAACAUAGCANN 474 s 57
CUUGCUGGACUGGUAUUUG 195 CUUGCUGGACUGGUAUUUGNN 475 as 75
CAAAUACCAGUCCAGCAAG 196 CAAAUACCAGUCCAGCAAGNN 476 s 578
AGUCCAGGCAGAGACAAUA 197 AGUCCAGGCAGAGACAAUANN 477 as 596
AUUGUCUCUGCCUGGACUTT 198 AUUGUCUCUGCCUGGACUTTNN 478 s 580
UCCAGGCAGAGACAAUAAA 199 UCCAGGCAGAGACAAUAAANN 479 as 598
UUUAUUGUCUCUGCCUGGA 200 UUUADUGUCUCUGCCUGGANN 480 s 607
GUGAAAGGCACUUUUCAUU 201 GUGAAAGGCACUUUUCAUUNN 481 as 625
AAUGAAAAGUGCCUUUCAC 202 AAUGAAAAGUGCCUUUCACNN 482 s 62
UGGACUGGUAUUUGUGUCU 203 UGGACUGGUAUUUGUGUCUNN 483 as 80
AGACACAAAUACCAGUCCA 204 AGACACAAAUACCAGUCCANN 484 s 77
GUCUGAGGCUGGCCCUACG 205 GUCUGAGGCUGGCCCUACGNN 485 as 95
CGUAGGGCCAGCCUCAGAC 206 CGUAGGGCCAGCCUCAGACNN 486 s 79
CUGAGGCUGGCCCUACGGG 207 CUGAGGCUGGCCCUACGGGNN 487 as 97
CCCGUAGGGCCAGCCUCAG 208 CCCGUAGGGCCAGCCUCAGNN 488 s 81
GAGGCUGGCCCUACGGGCA 209 GAGGCUGGCCCUACGGGCANN 489 as 99
UGCCCGUAGGGCCAGCCUC 210 UGCCCGUAGGGCCAGCCUCNN 490 s 82
AGGCUGGCCCUACGGGCAC 211 AGGCUGGCCCUACGGGCACNN 491 as 100
GUGCCCGUAGGGCCAGCCU 212 GUGCCCGUAGGGCCAGCCUNN 492 s 84
GCUGGCCCUACGGGCACCG 213 GCUGGCCCUACGGGCACCGNN 493 as 102
CGGUGCCCGUAGGGCCAGC 214 CGGUGCCCGUAGGGCCAGCNN 494 s 85
CUGGCCCUACGGGCACCGG 215 CUGGCCCUACGGGCACCGGNN 495 as 103
CCGGUGCCCGUAGGGCCAG 216 CCGGUGCCCGUAGGGCCAGNN 496 s 87
GGCCCUACGGGCACCGGUG 217 GGCCCUACGGGCACCGGUGNN 497 as 105
CACCGGUGCCCGUAGGGCC 218 CACCGGUGCCCGUAGGGCCNN 498 s 9
CCACUCAUUCUUGGCAGGA 219 CCACUCAUUCUUGGCAGGANN 499 as 27
UCCUGCCAAGAAUGAGUGG 220 UCCUGCCAAGAAUGAGUGGNN 500 s 90
CCUACGGGCACCGGUGAAU 221 CCUACGGGCACCGGUGAAUNN 501 as 108
AUUCACCGGUGCCCGUAGG 222 AUUCACCGGUGCCCGUAGGNN 502 s 91
CUACGGGCACCGGUGAAUC 223 CUACGGGCACCGGUGAAUCNN 503 as 109
GAUUCACCGGUGCCCGUAG 224 GAUUCACCGGUGCCCGUAGNN 504 s 92
UACGGGCACCGGUGAAUCC 225 UACGGGCACCGGUGAAUCCNN 505 as 110
GGAUUCACCGGUGCCCGUA 226 GGAUUCACCGGUGCCCGUANN 506 s 93
ACGGGCACCGGUGAAUCCA 227 ACGGGCACCGGUGAAUCCANN 507 as 111
UGGAUUCACCGGUGCCCGU 228 UGGAIJUCACCGGUGCCCGUNN 508 s 97
GCACCGGUGAAUCCAAGUG 229 GCACCGGUGAAUCCAAGUGNN 509 as 115
CACUUGGAUUCACCGGUGC 230 CACUUGGAUUCACCGGUGCNN 510 s 98
CACCGGUGAAUCCAAGUGU 231 CACCGGUGAAUCCAAGUGUNN 511 as 116
ACACUUGGAUUCACCGGUG 232 ACACUUGGAUUCACCGGUGNN 512 s 167
UGUGGCCAUGCAUGUGUUC 233 UGUGGCCAUGCAUGUGUUCNN 513 as 185
GAACACAUGCAUGGCCACA 234 GAACACAUGCAUGGCCACANN 514 s 168
GUGGCCAUGCAUGUGUUCA 235 GUGGCCAUGCAUGUGUUCANN 515 as 186
UGAACACAUGCAUGGCCAC 236 UGAACACAUGCAUGGCCACNN 516 s 171
GCCAUGCAUGUGUUCAGAA 237 GCCAUGCAUGUGUUCAGAANN 517 as 189
UUCUGAACACAUGCAUGGC 238 UUCUGAACACAUGCAUGGCNN 518 s 432
UAUUCCACCACGGCUGUCA 239 UAUUCCACCACGGCUGUCANN 519 as 449
UGACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUA 240 UGACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUANN 520 s 447
GUCAUCACCAAUCCCAAGG 241 GUCAUCACCAAUCCCAAGGNN 521 as 465
CCUUGGGAUUGGUGAUGAC 242 CCUUGGGAUUGGUGAUGACNN 522 s 115
GUCCUCUGAUGGUCAAAGU 243 GUCCUCUGAUGGUCAAAGUNN 523 as 133
ACUUUGACCAUCAGAGGAC 244 ACUUUGACCAUCAGAGGACNN 524 s 122
GAUGGUCAAAGUUCUAGAU 245 GAUGGUCAAAGUUCUAGAUNN 525 as 140
AUCUAGAACUUUGACCAUC 246 AUCUAGAACUUUGACCAUCNN 526
s 139 AUGCUGUCCGAGGCAGUCC 247 AUGCUGUCCGAGGCAGUCCNN 527 as 157
GGACUGCCUCGGACAGCAU 248 GGACUGCCUCGGACAGCAUNN 528 s 172
CCGUGCAUGUGUUCAGAAA 249 CCGUGCAUGUGUUCAGAAANN 529 as 190
UUUCUGAACACAUGCACGG 250 UUUCUGAACACAUGCACGGNN 530 s 238
AGUCUGGAGAGCUGCAUGG 251 AGUCUGGAGAGCUGCAUGGNN 531 as 256
CCAUGCAGCUCUCCAGACU 252 CCAUGCAGCUCUCCAGACUNN 532 s 252
CAUGGGCUCACAACUGAGG 253 CAUGGGCUCACAACUGAGGNN 533 as 270
CCUCAGUUGUGAGCCCAUG 254 CCUCAGUUGUGAGCCCAUGNN 534 s 33
UCUCAUCGUCUGCUCCUCC 255 UCUCAUCGUCUGCUCCUCCNN 535 as 51
GGAGGAGCAGACGAUGAGA 256 GGAGGAGCAGACGAUGAGANN 536 s 340
CCCCAUUCCAUGAGCAUGC 257 CCCCAUUCCAUGAGCAUGCNN 537 as 358
GCAUGCUCAUGGAAUGGGG 258 GCAUGCUCAUGGAAUGGGGNN 538 s 421
GCCCCUACUCCUAUUCCAC 259 GCCCCUACUCCUAUUCCACNN 539 as 439
GUGGAAUAGGAGUAGGGGC 260 GUGGAAUAGGAGUAGGGGCNN 540 s 431
CUAUUCCACCACGGCUGUC 261 CUAUUCCACCACGGCUGUCNN 541 as 449
GACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUAG 262 GACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUAGNN 542 s 440
CACGGCUGUCGUCACCAAU 263 CACGGCUGUCGUCACCAAUNN 543 as 458
AUUGGUGACGACAGCCGUG 264 AUUGGUGACGACAGCCGUGNN 544 s 496
AGGACGAGGGAUGGGAUUU 265 AGGACGAGGGAUGGGAUUUNN 545 as 514
AAAUCCCAUCCCUCGUCCU 266 AAAUCCCAUCCCUCGUCCUNN 546 s 556
UCACCUCAUAUGCUAUGUU 267 UCACCUCAUAUGCUAUGUUNN 547 as 574
AACAUAGCAUAUGAGGUGA 268 AACADAGCAUAUGAGGUGANN 548 s 559
CCUCAUAUGCUAUGUUAGA 269 CCUCAUAUGCUAUGUUAGANN 549 as 577
UCUAACAUAGCAUAUGAGG 270 UCUAACAUAGCAUAUGAGGNN 550 s 570
AUGUUAGAAGUCCAGGCAG 271 AUGUUAGAAGUCCAGGCAGNN 551 as 588
CUGCCUGGACUUCUAACAU 272 CUGCCUGGACUUCUAACAUNN 552 s 78
UCUGAGGCUGGCCCUACGG 273 UCUGAGGCUGGCCCUACGGNN 553 as 96
CCGUAGGGCCAGCCUCAGA 274 CCGUAGGGCCAGCCUCAGANN 554 s 87
GGCCCUACGGGCACCGGUG 275 GGCCCUACGGGCACCGGUGNN 555 as 105
CACCGGUGCCCGUAGGGCC 276 CACCGGUGCCCGUAGGGCCNN 556 s 95
GGGCACCGGUGAAUCCAAG 277 GGGCACCGGUGAAUCCAAGNN 557 as 113
CUUGGAUUCACCGGUGCCC 278 CUUGGAUUCACCGGUGCCCNN 558 s 167
CCAUGCAUGUGUUCAGAAA 279 CCAUGCAUGUGUUCAGAAANN 559 as 185
UUUCUGAACACAUGCAUGG 280 UUUCUGAACACAUGCAUGGNN 560
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 3B Sense and antisense strand sequences of
human TTR dsRNAs Strand: s = sense; as = antisense; Position:
position of 5' base on transcript (NM_000371.2, SEQ ID NO: 1329)
Sequence with SEQ 3' deoxythimidine ID Strand Position overhang (5'
to 3') NO: s 100 CCGGUGAAUCCAAGUGUCCdTdT 561 as 118
GGACACUUGGAUUCACCGGdTdT 562 s 11 ACUCAUUCUUGGCAGGAUGdTdT 563 as 29
CAUCCUGCCAAGAAUGAGUdTdT 564 s 111 AAGUGUCCUCUGAUGGUCAdTdT 565 as
129 UGACCAUCAGAGGACACUUdTdT 566 s 13 UCAUUCUUGGCAGGAUGGCdTdT 567 as
31 GCCAUCCUGCCAAGAAUGAdTdT 568 s 130 AAGUUCUAGAUGCUGUCCGdTdT 569 as
148 CGGACAGCAUCUAGAACUUdTdT 570 s 132 GUUCUAGAUGCUGUCCGAGdTdT 571
as 150 CUCGGACAGCAUCUAGAACdTdT 572 s 135 CUAGAUGCUGUCCGAGGCAdTdT
573 as 153 UGCCUCGGACAGCAUCUAGdTdT 574 s 138
GAUGCUGUCCGAGGCAGUCdTdT 575 as 156 GACUGCCUCGGACAGCAUCdTdT 576 s 14
CAUUCUUGGCAGGAUGGCUdTdT 577 as 32 AGCCAUCCUGCCAAGAAUGdTdT 578 s 140
UGCUGUCCGAGGCAGUCCUdTdT 579 as 158 AGGACUGCCUCGGACAGCAdTdT 580 s
146 CCGAGGCAGUCCUGCCAUCdTdT 581 as 164 GAUGGCAGGACUGCCUCGGdTdT 582
s 152 CAGUCCUGCCAUCAAUGUGdTdT 583 as 170 CACAUUGAUGGCAGGACUGdTdT
584 s 164 CAAUGUGGCCGUGCAUGUGdTdT 585 as 182
CACAUGCACGGCCACAUUGdTdT 586 s 178 AUGUGUUCAGAAAGGCUGCdTdT 587 as
196 GCAGCCUUUCUGAACACAUdTdT 588 s 2 CAGAAGUCCACUCAUUCUUdTdT 589 as
20 AAGAAUGAGUGGACUUCUGdTdT 590 s 21 GGCAGGAUGGCUUCUCAUCdTdT 591 as
39 GAUGAGAAGCCAUCCUGCCdTdT 592 s 210 GAGCCAUUUGCCUCUGGGAdTdT 593 as
228 UCCCAGAGGCAAAUGGCUCdTdT 594 s 23 CAGGAUGGCUUCUCAUCGUdTdT 595 as
41 ACGAUGAGAAGCCAUCCUGdTdT 596 s 24 AGGAUGGCUUCUCAUCGUCdTdT 597 as
42 GACGAUGAGAAGCCAUCCUdTdT 598 s 245 AGAGCUGCAUGGGCUCACAdTdT 599 as
263 UGUGAGCCCAUGCAGCUCUdTdT 600 s 248 GCUGCAUGGGCUCACAACUdTdT 601
as 266 AGUUGUGAGCCCAUGCAGCdTdT 602 s 25 GGAUGGCUUCUCAUCGUCUdTdT 603
as 43 AGACGAUGAGAAGCCAUCCdTdT 604 s 251 GCAUGGGCUCACAACUGAGdTdT 605
as 269 CUCAGUUGUGAGCCCAUGCdTdT 606 s 253 AUGGGCUCACAACUGAGGAdTdT
607 as 271 UCCUCAGUUGUGAGCCCAUdTdT 608 s 254
UGGGCUCACAACUGAGGAGdTdT 609 as 272 CUCCUCAGUUGUGAGCCCAdTdT 610 s
270 GAGGAAUUUGUAGAAGGGAdTdT 611 as 288 UCCCUUCUACAAAUUCCUCdTdT 612
s 276 UUUGUAGAAGGGAUAUACAdTdT 613 as 294 UGUAUAUCCCUUCUACAAAdTdT
614 s 277 UUGUAGAAGGGAUAUACAAdTdT 615 as 295
UUGUAUAUCCCUUCUACAAdTdT 616 s 278 UGUAGAAGGGAUAUACAAAdTdT 617 as
296 UUUGUAUAUCCCUUCUACAdTdT 618 s 281 AGAAGGGAUAUACAAAGUGdTdT 619
as 299 CACUUUGUAUAUCCCUUCUdTdT 620 s 295 AAGUGGAAAUAGACACCAAdTdT
621 as 313 UUGGUGUCUAUUUCCACUUdTdT 622 s 299
GGAAAUAGACACCAAAUCUdTdT 623 as 317 AGAUUUGGUGUCUAUUUCCdTdT 624 s
300 GAAAUAGACACCAAAUCUUdTdT 625 as 318 AAGAUUUGGUGUCUAUUUCdTdT 626
s 303 AUAGACACCAAAUCUUACUdTdT 627 as 321 AGUAAGAUUUGGUGUCUAUdTdT
628 s 304 UAGACACCAAAUCUUACUGdTdT 629 as 322
CAGUAAGAUUUGGUGUCUAdTdT 630 s 305 AGACACCAAAUCUUACUGGdTdT 631 as
323 CCAGUAAGAUUUGGUGUCUdTdT 632 s 317 UUACUGGAAGGCACUUGGCdTdT 633
as 335 GCCAAGUGCCUUCCAGUAAdTdT 634 s 32 UUCUCAUCGUCUGCUCCUCdTdT 635
as 50 GAGGAGCAGACGAUGAGAAdTdT 636 s 322 GGAAGGCACUUGGCAUCUCdTdT 637
as 340 GAGAUGCCAAGUGCCUUCCdTdT 638 s 326 GGCACUUGGCAUCUCCCCAdTdT
639 as 344 UGGGGAGAUGCCAAGUGCCdTdT 640 s 333
GGCAUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGdTdT 641 as 351 AUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGCCTTdTdT 642 s
334 GCAUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGAdTdT 643 as 352 UCAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGCdTdT 644
s 335 CAUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGAGdTdT 645 as 353 CUCAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGdTdT
646 s 336 AUCUCCCCAUUCCAUGAGCdTdT 647 as 354
GCUCAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUdTdT 648 s 338 CUCCCCAUUCCAUGAGCAUdTdT 649 as
356 AUGCUCAUGGAAUGGGGAGdTdT 650 s 341 CCCAUUCCAUGAGCAUGCAdTdT 651
as 359 UGCAUGCUCAUGGAAUGGGdTdT 652 s 347 CCAUGAGCAUGCAGAGGUGdTdT
653 as 365 CACCUCUGCAUGCUCAUGGdTdT 654 s 352
AGCAUGCAGAGGUGGUAUUdTdT 655 as 370 AAUACCACCUCUGCAUGCUdTdT 656 s
354 CAUGGAGAGGUGGUAUUCAdTdT 657 as 372 UGAAUACCACCUCUGCAUGdTdT 658
s 355 AUGCAGAGGUGGUAUUCACdTdT 659 as 373 GUGAAUACCACCUCUGCAUdTdT
660 s 362 GGUGGUAUUCACAGCCAACdTdT 661 as 380
GUUGGCUGUGAAUACCACCdTdT 662 s 363 GUGGUAUUCACAGCCAACGdTdT 663 as
381 CGUUGGCUGUGAAUACCACdTdT 664 s 364 UGGUAUUCACAGCCAACGAdTdT 665
as 382 UCGUUGGCUGUGAAUACCAdTdT 666 s 365 GGUAUUCACAGCCAACGACdTdT
667 as 383 GUCGUUGGCUGUGAAUACCdTdT 668 s 366
GUAUUCACAGCCAACGACUdTdT 669 as 384 AGUCGUUGGCUGUGAAUACdTdT 670 s
367 UAUUCACAGCCAACGACUCdTdT 671 as 385 GAGUCGUUGGCUGUGAAUAdTdT 672
s 370 UCACAGCCAACGACUCCGGdTdT 673 as 388 CCGGAGUCGUUGGCUGUGAdTdT
674 s 390 CCCCGCCGCUACACCAUUGdTdT 675 as 408
CAAUGGUGUAGCGGCGGGGdTdT 676 s 4 GAAGUCCACUCAUUCUUGGdTdT 677 as 22
CCAAGAAUGAGUGGACUUCdTdT 678 s 412 CCCUGCUGAGCCCCUACUCdTdT 679 as
430 GAGUAGGGGCUCAGCAGGGdTdT 680
s 417 CUGAGCCCCUACUCCUAUUdTdT 681 as 435 AAUAGGAGUAGGGGCUCAGdTdT
682 s 418 UGAGCCCCUACUCCUAUUCdTdT 683 as 436
GAAUAGGAGUAGGGGCUCAdTdT 684 s 422 CCCCUACUCCUAUUCCACCdTdT 685 as
440 GGUGGAAUAGGAGUAGGGGdTdT 686 s 425 CUACUCCUAUUCCACCACGdTdT 687
as 443 CGUGGUGGAAUAGGAGUAGdTdT 688 s 426 UACUCCUAUUCCACCACGGdTdT
689 as 444 CCGUGGUGGAAUAGGAGUAdTdT 690 s 427
ACUCCUAUUCCACCACGGCdTdT 691 as 445 GCCGUGGUGGAAUAGGAGUdTdT 692 s
429 UCCUAUUCCACCACGGCUGdTdT 693 as 447 CAGCCGUGGUGGAAUAGGAdTdT 694
s 432 UAUUCCACCACGGCUGUCGdTdT 695 as 450 CGACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUAdTdT
696 s 433 AUUCCACCACGGCUGUCGUdTdT 697 as 451
ACGACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUdTdT 698 s 437 CACCACGGCUGUCGUCACCdTdT 699 as
455 GGUGACGACAGCCGUGGUGdTdT 700 s 438 ACCACGGCUGUCGUCACCAdTdT 701
as 456 UGGUGACGACAGCCGUGGUdTdT 702 s 439 CCACGGCUGUCGUCACCAAdTdT
703 as 457 UUGGUGACGACAGCCGUGGdTdT 704 s 441
ACGGCUGUCGUCACCAAUCdTdT 705 as 459 GAUUGGUGACGACAGCCGUdTdT 706 s
442 CGGCUGUCGUCACCAAUCCdTdT 707 as 460 GGAUUGGUGACGACAGCCGdTdT 708
s 449 CGUCACCAAUCCCAAGGAAdTdT 709 as 467 UUCCUUGGGAUUGGUGACGdTdT
710 s 455 CAAUCCCAAGGAAUGAGGGdTdT 711 as 473
CCCUCAUUCCUUGGGAUUGdTdT 712 s 491 CCUGAAGGACGAGGGAUGGdTdT 713 as
509 CCAUCCCUCGUCCUUCAGGdTdT 714 s 497 GGACGAGGGAUGGGAUUUCdTdT 715
as 515 GAAAUCCCAUCCCUCGUCCdTdT 716 s 5 AAGUCCACUCAUUCUUGGCdTdT 717
as 23 GCCAAGAAUGAGUGGACUUdTdT 718 s 508 GGGAUUUCAUGUAACCAAGdTdT 719
as 526 CUUGGUUACAUGAAAUCCCdTdT 720 s 509 GGAUUUCAUGUAACCAAGAdTdT
721 as 527 UCUUGGUUACAUGAAAUCCdTdT 722 s 514
UCAUGUAACCAAGAGUAUUdTdT 723 as 532 AAUACUCUUGGUUACAUGAdTdT 724 s
516 AUGUAACCAAGAGUAUUCCdTdT 725 as 534 GGAAUACUCUUGGUUACAUdTdT 726
s 517 UGUAACCAAGAGUAUUCCAdTdT 727 as 535 UGGAAUACUCUUGGUUACAdTdT
728 s 518 GUAACCAAGAGUAUUCCAUdTdT 729 as 536
AUGGAAUACUCUUGGUUACdTdT 730 s 54 UGCCUUGCUGGACUGGUAUdTdT 731 as 72
AUACCAGUCCAGCAAGGCAdTdT 732 s 543 UAAAGCAGUGUUUUCACCUdTdT 733 as
561 AGGUGAAAACACUGCUUUAdTdT 734 s 55 GCCUUGCUGGACUGGUAUUdTdT 735 as
73 AAUACCAGUCCAGCAAGGCdTdT 736 s 551 UGUUUUCACCUCAUAUGCUdTdT 737 as
569 AGCAUAUGAGGUGAAAACAdTdT 738 s 552 GUUUUCACCUCAUAUGCUAdTdT 739
as 570 UAGCAUAUGAGGUGAAAACdTdT 740 s 553 UUUUCACCUCAUAUGCUAUdTdT
741 as 571 AUAGCAUAUGAGGUGAAAAdTdT 742 s 555
UUCACCUCAUAUGCUAUGUdTdT 743 as 573 ACAUAGCAUAUGAGGUGAAdTdT 744 s
557 CACCUCAUAUGCUAUGUUAdTdT 745 as 575 UAACAUAGCAUAUGAGGUGdTdT 746
s 56 CCUUGCUGGACUGGUAUUUdTdT 747 as 74 AAAUACCAGUCCAGCAAGGdTdT 748
s 563 AUAUGCUAUGUUAGAAGUCdTdT 749 as 581 GACUUCUAACAUAGCAUAUdTdT
750 s 564 UAUGCUAUGUUAGAAGUCCdTdT 751 as 582
GGACUUCUAACAUAGCAUAdTdT 752 s 566 UGCUAUGUUAGAAGUCCAGdTdT 753 as
584 CUGGACUUCUAACAUAGCAdTdT 754 s 57 CUUGCUGGACUGGUAUUUGdTdT 755 as
75 CAAAUACCAGUCCAGCAAGdTdT 756 s 578 AGUCCAGGCAGAGACAAUAdTdT 757 as
596 AUUGUCUCUGCCUGGACUTTdTdT 758 s 580 UCCAGGCAGAGACAAUAAAdTdT 759
as 598 UUUAUUGUCUCUGCCUGGAdTdT 760 s 607 GUGAAAGGCACUUUUCAUUdTdT
761 as 625 AAUGAAAAGUGCCUUUCACdTdT 762 s 62 UGGACUGGUAUUUGUGUCUdTdT
763 as 80 AGACACAAAUACCAGUCCAdTdT 764 s 77 GUCUGAGGCUGGCCCUACGdTdT
765 as 95 CGUAGGGCCAGCCUCAGACdTdT 766 s 79 CUGAGGCUGGCCCUACGGGdTdT
767 as 97 CCCGUAGGGCCAGCCUCAGdTdT 768 s 81 GAGGCUGGCCCUACGGGCAdTdT
769 as 99 UGCCCGUAGGGCCAGCCUCdTdT 770 s 82 AGGCUGGCCCUACGGGCACdTdT
771 as 100 GUGCCCGUAGGGCCAGCCUdTdT 772 s 84 GCUGGCCCUACGGGCACCGdTdT
773 as 102 CGGUGCCCGUAGGGCCAGCdTdT 774 s 85 CUGGCCCUACGGGCACCGGdTdT
775 as 103 CCGGUGCCCGUAGGGCCAGdTdT 776 s 87 GGCCCUACGGGCACCGGUGdTdT
777 as 105 CACCGGUGCCCGUAGGGCCdTdT 778 s 9 CCACUCAUUCUUGGCAGGAdTdT
779 as 27 UCCUGCCAAGAAUGAGUGGdTdT 780 s 90 CCUACGGGCACCGGUGAAUdTdT
781 as 108 AUUCACCGGUGCCCGUAGGdTdT 782 s 91 CUACGGGCACCGGUGAAUCdTdT
783 as 109 GAUUCACCGGUGCCCGUAGdTdT 784 s 92 UACGGGCACCGGUGAAUCCdTdT
785 as 110 GGAUUCACCGGUGCCCGUAdTdT 786 s 93 ACGGGCACCGGUGAAUCCAdTdT
787 as 111 UGGAUUCACCGGUGCCCGUdTdT 788 s 97 GCACCGGUGAAUCCAAGUGdTdT
789 as 115 CACUUGGAUUCACCGGUGCdTdT 790 s 98 CACCGGUGAAUCCAAGUGUdTdT
791 as 116 ACACUUGGAUUCACCGGUGdTdT 792 s 167
UGUGGCCAUGCAUGUGUUCdTdT 793 as 185 GAACACAUGCAUGGCCACAdTdT 794 s
168 GUGGCCAUGCAUGUGUUCAdTdT 795 as 186 UGAACACAUGCAUGGCCACdTdT 796
s 171 GCCAUGCAUGUGUUCAGAAdTdT 797 as 189 UUCUGAACACAUGCAUGGCdTdT
798 s 432 UAUUCCACCACGGCUGUCAdTdT 799 as 449
UGACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUAdTdT 800 s 447 GUCAUCACCAAUCCCAAGGdTdT 801 as
465 CCUUGGGAUUGGUGAUGACdTdT 802 s 115 GUCCUCUGAUGGUCAAAGUdTdT 803
as 133 ACUUUGACCAUCAGAGGACdTdT 804 s 122 GAUGGUCAAAGUUCUAGAUdTdT
805
as 140 AUCUAGAACUUUGACCAUCdTdT 806 s 139 AUGCUGUCCGAGGCAGUCCdTdT
807 as 157 GGACUGCCUCGGACAGCAUdTdT 808 s 172
CCGUGCAUGUGUUCAGAAAdTdT 809 as 190 UUUCUGAACACAUGCACGGdTdT 810 s
238 AGUCUGGAGAGCUGCAUGGdTdT 811 as 256 CCAUGCAGCUCUCCAGACUdTdT 812
s 252 CAUGGGCUCACAACUGAGGdTdT 813 as 270 CCUCAGUUGUGAGCCCAUGdTdT
814 s 33 UCUCAUCGUCUGCUCCUCCdTdT 815 as 51 GGAGGAGCAGACGAUGAGAdTdT
816 s 340 CCCCAUUCCAUGAGCAUGCdTdT 817 as 358
GCAUGCUCAUGGAAUGGGGdTdT 818 s 421 GCCCCUACUCCUAUUCCACdTdT 819 as
439 GUGGAAUAGGAGUAGGGGCdTdT 820 s 431 CUAUUCCACCACGGCUGUCdTdT 821
as 449 GACAGCCGUGGUGGAAUAGdTdT 822 s 440 CACGGCUGUCGUCACCAAUdTdT
823 as 458 AUUGGUGACGACAGCCGUGdTdT 824 s 496
AGGACGAGGGAUGGGAUUUdTdT 825 as 514 AAAUCCCAUCCCUCGUCCUdTdT 826 s
556 UCACCUCAUAUGCUAUGUUdTdT 827 as 574 AACAUAGCAUAUGAGGUGAdTdT 828
s 559 CCUCAUAUGCUAUGUUAGAdTdT 829 as 577 UCUAACAUAGCAUAUGAGGdTdT
830 s 570 AUGUUAGAAGUCCAGGCAGdTdT 831 as 588
CUGCCUGGACUUCUAACAUdTdT 832 s 78 UCUGAGGCUGGCCCUACGGdTdT 833 as 96
CCGUAGGGCCAGCCUCAGAdTdT 834 s 87 GGCCCUACGGGCACCGGUGdTdT 835 as 105
CACCGGUGCCCGUAGGGCCdTdT 836 s 95 GGGCACCGGUGAAUCCAAGdTdT 837 as 113
CUUGGAUUCACCGGUGCCCdTdT 838 s 167 CCAUGCAUGUGUUCAGAAAdTdT 839 as
185 UUUCUGAACACAUGCAUGGdTdT 840
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 4 Chemically modified sense and antisense
strand sequences of human TTR dsRNAs See Table 2 for duplex #.
Strand: s = sense; as = antisense; Position: position of 5' base on
transcript (NM_000371.2, SEQ ID NO: 1329) SEQ Po- Sequence ID
Strand Oligo # sition (5' to 3') NO: s A-32153 100
ccGGuGAAuccAAGuGuccdTdT 841 as A-32154 118 GGAcACUUGGAUUcACCGGdTdT
842 s A-32155 11 AcucAuucuuGGcAGGAuGdTdT 843 as A-32156 29
cAUCCUGCcAAGAAUGAGUdTdT 844 s A-32157 111 AAGuGuccucuGAuGGucAdTdT
845 as A-32158 129 UGACcAUcAGAGGAcACUUdTdT 846 s A-32163 13
ucAuucuuGGcAGGAuGGcdTdT 847 as A-32164 31 GCcAUCCUGCcAAGAAUGAdTdT
848 s A-32165 130 AAGuucuAGAuGcuGuccGdTdT 849 as A-32166 148
CGGAcAGcAUCuAGAACUUdTdT 850 s A-32167 132 GuucuAGAuGcuGuccGAGdTdT
851 as A-32168 150 CUCGGAcAGcAUCuAGAACdTdT 852 s A-32169 135
cuAGAuGcuGuccGAGGcAdTdT 853 as A-32170 153 UGCCUCGGAcAGcAUCuAGdTdT
854 s A-32171 138 GAuGcuGuccGAGGcAGucdTdT 855 as A-32172 156
GACUGCCUCGGAcAGcAUCdTdT 856 s A-32175 14 cAuucuuGGcAGGAuGGcudTdT
857 as A-32176 32 AGCcAUCCUGCcAAGAAUGdTdT 858 s A-32177 140
uGcuGuccGAGGcAGuccudTdT 859 as A-32178 158 AGGACUGCCUCGGAcAGcAdTdT
860 s A-32179 146 ccGAGGcAGuccuGccAucdTdT 861 as A-32180 164
GAUGGcAGGACUGCCUCGGdTdT 862 s A-32181 152 cAGuccuGccAucAAuGuGdTdT
863 as A-32182 170 cAcAUUGAUGGcAGGACUGdTdT 864 s A-32183 164
cAAuGuGGccGuGcAuGuGdTdT 865 as A-32184 182 cAcAUGcACGGCcAcAUUGdTdT
866 s A-32187 178 AuGuGuucAGAAAGGcuGcdTdT 867 as A-32188 196
GcAGCCUUUCUGAAcAcAUdTdT 868 s A-32189 2 cAGAAGuccAcucAuucuudTdT 869
as A-32190 20 AAGAAUGAGUGGACUUCUGdTdT 870 s A-32191 21
GGcAGGAuGGcuucucAucdTdT 871 as A-32192 39 GAUGAGAAGCcAUCCUGCCdTdT
872 s A-32193 210 GAGccAuuuGccucuGGGAdTdT 873 as A-32194 228
UCCcAGAGGcAAAUGGCUCdTdT 874 s A-32195 23 cAGGAuGGcuucucAucGudTdT
875 as A-32196 41 ACGAUGAGAAGCcAUCCUGdTdT 876 s A-32199 24
AGGAuGGcuucucAucGucdTdT 877 as A-32200 42 GACGAUGAGAAGCcAUCCUdTdT
878 s A-32201 245 AGAGcuGcAuGGGcucAcAdTdT 879 as A-32202 263
UGUGAGCCcAUGcAGCUCUdTdT 880 s A-32203 248 GcuGcAuGGGcucAcAAcudTdT
881 as A-32204 266 AGUUGUGAGCCcAUGcAGCdTdT 882 s A-32205 25
GGAuGGcuucucAucGucudTdT 883 as A-32206 43 AGACGAUGAGAAGCcAUCCdTdT
884 s A-32207 251 GcAuGGGcucAcAAcuGAGdTdT 885 as A-32208 269
CUcAGUUGUGAGCCcAUGCdTdT 886 s A-32211 253 AuGGGcucAcAAcuGAGGAdTdT
887 as A-32212 271 UCCUcAGUUGUGAGCCcAUdTdT 888 s A-32213 254
uGGGcucAcAAcuGAGGAGdTdT 889 as A-32214 272 CUCCUcAGUUGUGAGCCcAdTdT
890 s A-32215 270 GAGGAAuuuGuAGAAGGGAdTdT 891 as A-32216 288
UCCCUUCuAcAAAUUCCUCdTdT 892 s A-32217 276 uuuGuAGAAGGGAuAuAcAdTdT
893 as A-32218 294 UGuAuAUCCCUUCuAcAAAdTdT 894 s A-32219 277
uuGuAGAAGGGAuAuAcAAdTdT 895 as A-32220 295 UUGuAuAUCCCUUCuAcAAdTdT
896 s A-32221 278 uGuAGAAGGGAuAuAcAAAdTdT 897 as A-32222 296
UUUGuAuAUCCCUUCuAcAdTdT 898 s A-32223 281 AGAAGGGAuAuAcAAAGuGdTdT
899 as A-32224 299 cACUUUGuAuAUCCCUUCUdTdT 900 s A-32225 295
AAGuGGAAAuAGAcAccAAdTdT 901 as A-32226 313 UUGGUGUCuAUUUCcACUUdTdT
902 s A-32227 299 GGAAAuAGAcAccAAAucudTdT 903 as A-32228 317
AGAUUUGGUGUCuAUUUCCdTdT 904 s A-32229 300 GAAAuAGAcAccAAAucuudTdT
905 as A-32230 318 AAGAUUUGGUGUCuAUUUCdTdT 906 s A-32231 303
AuAGAcAccAAAucuuAcudTdT 907 as A-32232 321 AGuAAGAUUUGGUGUCuAUdTdT
908 s A-32233 304 uAGAcAccAAAucuuAcuGdTdT 909 as A-32234 322
cAGuAAGAUUUGGUGUCuAdTdT 910 s A-32235 305 AGAcAccAAAucuuAcuGGdTdT
911 as A-32236 323 CcAGuAAGAUUUGGUGUCUdTdT 912 s A-32237 317
uuAcuGGAAGGcAcuuGGcdTdT 913 as A-32238 335 GCcAAGUGCCUUCcAGuAAdTdT
914 s A-32239 32 uucucAucGucuGcuccucdTdT 915 as A-32240 50
GAGGAGcAGACGAUGAGAAdTdT 916 s A-32241 322 GGAAGGcAcuuGGcAucucdTdT
917 as A-32242 340 GAGAUGCcAAGUGCCUUCCdTdT 918 s A-32243 326
GGcAcuuGGcAucuccccAdTdT 919 as A-32244 344 UGGGGAGAUGCcAAGUGCCdTdT
920 s A-32247 333 GGcAucuccccAuuccAuGdTdT 921 as A-32248 351
cAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGCCdTdT 922 s A-32249 334 GcAucuccccAuuccAuGAdTdT
923 as A-32250 352 UcAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGCdTdT 924 s A-32251 335
cAucuccccAuuccAuGAGdTdT 925 as A-32252 353 CUcAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUGdTdT
926 s A-32253 336 AucuccccAuuccAuGAGcdTdT 927 as A-32254 354
GCUcAUGGAAUGGGGAGAUdTdT 928 s A-32255 338 cuccccAuuccAuGAGcAudTdT
929 as A-32256 356 AUGCUcAUGGAAUGGGGAGdTdT 930 s A-32259 341
cccAuuccAuGAGcAuGcAdTdT 931 as A-32260 359 UGcAUGCUcAUGGAAUGGGdTdT
932 s A-32261 347 ccAuGAGcAuGcAGAGGuGdTdT 933 as A-32262 365
cACCUCUGcAUGCUcAUGGdTdT 934 s A-32263 352 AGcAuGcAGAGGuGGuAuudTdT
935 as A-32264 370 AAuACcACCUCUGcAUGCUdTdT 936 s A-32265 354
cAuGcAGAGGuGGuAuucAdTdT 937 as A-32266 372 UGAAuACcACCUCUGcAUGdTdT
938 s A-32267 355 AuGcAGAGGuGGuAuucAcdTdT 939 as A-32268 373
GUGAAuACcACCUCUGcAUdTdT 940 s A-32269 362 GGuGGuAuucAcAGccAAcdTdT
941 as A-32270 380 GUUGGCUGUGAAuACcACCdTdT 942 s A-32271 363
GuGGuAuucAcAGccAAcGdTdT 943 as A-32272 381 CGUUGGCUGUGAAuACcACdTdT
944 s A-32273 364 uGGuAuucAcAGccAAcGAdTdT 945 as A-32274 382
UCGUUGGCUGUGAAuACcAdTdT 946 s A-32275 365 GGuAuucAcAGccAAcGAcdTdT
947 as A-32276 383 GUCGUUGGCUGUGAAuACCdTdT 948 s A-32277 366
GuAuucAcAGccAAcGAcudTdT 949 as A-32278 384 AGUCGUUGGCUGUGAAuACdTdT
950 s A-32279 367 uAuucAcAGccAAcGAcucdTdT 951 as A-32280 385
GAGUCGUUGGCUGUGAAuAdTdT 952 s A-32281 370 ucAcAGccAAcGAcuccGGdTdT
953 as A-32282 388 CCGGAGUCGUUGGCUGUGAdTdT 954 s A-32283 390
ccccGccGcuAcAccAuuGdTdT 955 as A-32284 408 cAAUGGUGuAGCGGCGGGGdTdT
956 s A-32285 4 GAAGuccAcucAuucuuGGdTdT 957 as A-32286 22
CcAAGAAUGAGUGGACUUCdTdT 958 s A-32287 412 cccuGcuGAGccccuAcucdTdT
959 as A-32288 430 GAGuAGGGGCUcAGcAGGGdTdT 960
s A-32289 417 cuGAGccccuAcuccuAuudTdT 961 as A-32290 435
AAuAGGAGuAGGGGCUcAGdTdT 962 s A-32291 418 uGAGccccuAcuccuAuucdTdT
963 as A-32292 436 GAAuAGGAGuAGGGGCUcAdTdT 964 s A-32295 422
ccccuAcuccuAuuccAccdTdT 965 as A-32296 440 GGUGGAAuAGGAGuAGGGGdTdT
966 s A-32297 425 cuAcuccuAuuccAccAcGdTdT 967 as A-32298 443
CGUGGUGGAAuAGGAGuAGdTdT 968 s A-32299 426 uAcuccuAuuccAccAcGGdTdT
969 as A-32300 444 CCGUGGUGGAAuAGGAGuAdTdT 970 s A-32301 427
AcuccuAuuccAccAcGGcdTdT 971 as A-32302 445 GCCGUGGUGGAAuAGGAGUdTdT
972 s A-32303 429 uccuAuuccAccAcGGcuGdTdT 973 as A-32304 447
cAGCCGUGGUGGAAuAGGAdTdT 974 s A-32307 432 uAuuccAccAcGGcuGucGdTdT
975 as A-32308 450 CGAcAGCCGUGGUGGAAuAdTdT 976 s A-32309 433
AuuccAccAcGGcuGucGudTdT 977 as A-32310 451 ACGAcAGCCGUGGUGGAAUdTdT
978 s A-32311 437 cAccAcGGcuGucGucAccdTdT 979 as A-32312 455
GGUGACGAcAGCCGUGGUGdTdT 980 s A-32313 438 AccAcGGcuGucGucAccAdTdT
981 as A-32314 456 UGGUGACGAcAGCCGUGGUdTdT 982 s A-32315 439
ccAcGGcuGucGucAccAAdTdT 983 as A-32316 457 UUGGUGACGAcAGCCGUGGdTdT
984 s A-32319 441 AcGGcuGucGucAccAAucdTdT 985 as A-32320 459
GAUUGGUGACGAcAGCCGUdTdT 986 s A-32321 442 cGGcuGucGucAccAAuccdTdT
987 as A-32322 460 GGAUUGGUGACGAcAGCCGdTdT 988 s A-32323 449
cGucAccAAucccAAGGAAdTdT 989 as A-32324 467 UUCCUUGGGAUUGGUGACGdTdT
990 s A-32325 455 cAAucccAAGGAAuGAGGGdTdT 991 as A-32326 473
CCCUcAUUCCUUGGGAUUGdTdT 992 s A-32327 491 ccuGAAGGAcGAGGGAuGGdTdT
993 as A-32328 509 CcAUCCCUCGUCCUUcAGGdTdT 994 s A-32331 497
GGAcGAGGGAuGGGAuuucdTdT 995 as A-32332 515 GAAAUCCcAUCCCUCGUCCdTdT
996 s A-32333 5 AAGuccAcucAuucuuGGcdTdT 997 as A-32334 23
GCcAAGAAUGAGUGGACUUdTdT 998 s A-32335 508 GGGAuuucAuGuAAccAAGdTdT
999 as A-32336 526 CUUGGUuAcAUGAAAUCCCdTdT 1000 s A-32337 509
GGAuuucAuGuAAccAAGAdTdT 1001 as A-32338 527 UCUUGGUuAcAUGAAAUCCdTdT
1002 s A-32339 514 ucAuGuAAccAAGAGuAuudTdT 1003 as A-32340 532
AAuACUCUUGGUuAcAUGAdTdT 1004 s A-32341 516 AuGuAAccAAGAGuAuuccdTdT
1005 as A-32342 534 GGAAuACUCUUGGUuAcAUdTdT 1006 s A-32343 517
uGuAAccAAGAGuAuuccAdTdT 1007 as A-32344 535 UGGAAuACUCUUGGUuAcAdTdT
1008 s A-32345 518 GuAAccAAGAGuAuuccAudTdT 1009 as A-32346 536
AUGGAAuACUCUUGGUuACdTdT 1010 s A-32347 54 uGccuuGcuGGAcuGGuAudTdT
1011 as A-32348 72 AuACcAGUCcAGcAAGGcAdTdT 1012 s A-32349 543
uAAAGcAGuGuuuucAccudTdT 1013 as A-32350 561 AGGUGAAAAcACUGCUUuAdTdT
1014 s A-32351 55 GccuuGcuGGAcuGGuAuudTdT 1015 as A-32352 73
AAuACcAGUCcAGcAAGGCdTdT 1016 s A-32353 551 uGuuuucAccucAuAuGcudTdT
1017 as A-32354 569 AGcAuAUGAGGUGAAAAcAdTdT 1018 s A-32355 552
GuuuucAccucAuAuGcuAdTdT 1019 as A-32356 570 uAGcAuAUGAGGUGAAAACdTdT
1020 s A-32357 553 uuuucAccucAuAuGcuAudTdT 1021 as A-32358 571
AuAGcAuAUGAGGUGAAAAdTdT 1022 s A-32359 555 uucAccucAuAuGcuAuGudTdT
1023 as A-32360 573 AcAuAGcAuAUGAGGUGAAdTdT 1024 s A-32363 557
cAccucAuAuGcuAuGuuAdTdT 1025 as A-32364 575 uAAcAuAGcAuAUGAGGUGdTdT
1026 s A-32367 56 ccuuGcuGGAcuGGuAuuudTdT 1027 as A-32368 74
AAAuACcAGUCcAGcAAGGdTdT 1028 s A-32369 563 AuAuGcuAuGuuAGAAGucdTdT
1029 as A-32370 581 GACUUCuAAcAuAGcAuAUdTdT 1030 s A-32371 564
uAuGcuAuGuuAGAAGuccdTdT 1031 as A-32372 582 GGACUUCuAAcAuAGcAuAdTdT
1032 s A-32373 566 uGcuAuGuuAGAAGuccAGdTdT 1033 as A-32374 584
CUGGACUUCuAAcAuAGcAdTdT 1034 s A-32375 57 cuuGcuGGAcuGGuAuuuGdTdT
1035 as A-32376 75 cAAAuACcAGUCcAGcAAGdTdT 1036 s A-32379 578
AGuccAGGcAGAGAcAAuAdTdT 1037 as A-32380 596 uAUUGUCUCUGCCUGGACUdTdT
1038 s A-32381 580 uccAGGcAGAGAcAAuAAAdTdT 1039 as A-32382 598
UUuAUUGUCUCUGCCUGGAdTdT 1040 s A-32383 607 GuGAAAGGcAcuuuucAuudTdT
1041 as A-32384 625 AAUGAAAAGUGCCUUUcACdTdT 1042 s A-32385 62
uGGAcuGGuAuuuGuGucudTdT 1043 as A-32386 80 AGAcAcAAAuACcAGUCcAdTdT
1044 s A-32387 77 GucuGAGGcuGGcccuAcGdTdT 1045 as A-32388 95
CGuAGGGCcAGCCUcAGACdTdT 1046 s A-32391 79 cuGAGGcuGGcccuAcGGGdTdT
1047 as A-32392 97 CCCGuAGGGCcAGCCUcAGdTdT 1048 s A-32393 81
GAGGcuGGcccuAcGGGcAdTdT 1049 as A-32394 99 UGCCCGuAGGGCcAGCCUCdTdT
1050 s A-32395 82 AGGcuGGcccuAcGGGcAcdTdT 1051 as A-32396 100
GUGCCCGuAGGGCcAGCCUdTdT 1052 s A-32397 84 GcuGGcccuAcGGGcAccGdTdT
1053 as A-32398 102 CGGUGCCCGuAGGGCcAGCdTdT 1054 s A-32399 85
cuGGcccuAcGGGcAccGGdTdT 1055 as A-32400 103 CCGGUGCCCGuAGGGCcAGdTdT
1056 s A-32401 87 GGcccuAcGGGcAccGGuGdTdT 1057 as A-32402 105
cACCGGUGCCCGuAGGGCCdTdT 1058 s A-32403 9 ccAcucAuucuuGGcAGGAdTdT
1059 as A-32404 27 UCCUGCcAAGAAUGAGUGGdTdT 1060 s A-32405 90
ccuAcGGGcAccGGuGAAudTdT 1061 as A-32406 108 AUUcACCGGUGCCCGuAGGdTdT
1062 s A-32407 91 cuAcGGGcAccGGuGAAucdTdT 1063 as A-32408 109
GAUUcACCGGUGCCCGuAGdTdT 1064 s A-32409 92 uAcGGGcAccGGuGAAuccdTdT
1065 as A-32410 110 GGAUUcACCGGUGCCCGuAdTdT 1066 s A-32411 93
AcGGGcAccGGuGAAuccAdTdT 1067 as A-32412 111 UGGAUUcACCGGUGCCCGUdTdT
1068 s A-32415 97 GcAccGGuGAAuccAAGuGdTdT 1069 as A-32416 115
cACUUGGAUUcACCGGUGCdTdT 1070 s A-32417 98 cAccGGuGAAuccAAGuGudTdT
1071 as A-32418 116 AcACUUGGAUUcACCGGUGdTdT 1072 s A-32419 167
uGuGGccAuGcAuGuGuucdTdT 1073 as A-32420 185 GAAcAcAUGcAUGGCcAcAdTdT
1074 s A-32421 168 GuGGccAuGcAuGuGuucAdTdT 1075 as A-32422 186
UGAAcAcAUGcAUGGCcACdTdT 1076 s A-32423 171 GccAuGcAuGuGuucAGAAdTdT
1077 as A-32424 189 UUCUGAAcAcAUGcAUGGCdTdT 1078 s A-32427 432
uAuuccAccAcGGcuGucAdTdT 1079 as A-32428 449 UGAcAGCCGUGGUGGAAuAdTdT
1080 s A-32429 447 GucAucAccAAucccAAGGdTdT 1081 as A-32430 465
CCUUGGGAUUGGUGAUGACdTdT 1082 s A-32159 115 GuccucuGAuGGucAAAGudTdT
1083 as A-32160 133 ACUUUGACcAUcAGAGGACdTdT 1084 s A-32161 122
GAuGGucAAAGuucuAGAudTdT 1085
as A-32162 140 AUCuAGAACUUUGACcAUCdTdT 1086 s A-32173 139
AuGcuGuccGAGGcAGuccdTdT 1087 as A-32174 157 GGACUGCCUCGGAcAGcAUdTdT
1088 s A-32185 172 ccGuGcAuGuGuucAGAAAdTdT 1089 as A-32186 190
UUUCUGAAcAcAUGcACGGdTdT 1090 s A-32197 238 AGucuGGAGAGcuGcAuGGdTdT
1091 as A-32198 256 CcAUGcAGCUCUCcAGACUdTdT 1092 s A-32209 252
cAuGGGcucAcAAcuGAGGdTdT 1093 as A-32210 270 CCUcAGUUGUGAGCCcAUGdTdT
1094 s A-32245 33 ucucAucGucuGcuccuccdTdT 1095 as A-32246 51
GGAGGAGcAGACGAUGAGAdTdT 1096 s A-32257 340 ccccAuuccAuGAGcAuGcdTdT
1097 as A-32258 358 GcAUGCUcAUGGAAUGGGGdTdT 1098 s A-32293 421
GccccuAcuccuAuuccAcdTdT 1099 as A-32294 439 GUGGAAuAGGAGuAGGGGCdTdT
1100 s A-32305 431 cuAuuccAccAcGGcuGucdTdT 1101 as A-32306 449
GAcAGCCGUGGUGGAAuAGdTdT 1102 s A-32317 440 cAcGGcuGucGucAccAAudTdT
1103 as A-32318 458 AUUGGUGACGAcAGCCGUGdTdT 1104 s A-32329 496
AGGAcGAGGGAuGGGAuuudTdT 1105 as A-32330 514 AAAUCCcAUCCCUCGUCCUdTdT
1106 s A-32361 556 ucAccucAuAuGcuAuGuudTdT 1107 as A-32362 574
AAcAuAGcAuAUGAGGUGAdTdT 1108 s A-32365 559 ccucAuAuGcuAuGuuAGAdTdT
1109 as A-32366 577 UCuAAcAuAGcAuAUGAGGdTdT 1110 s A-32377 570
AuGuuAGAAGuccAGGcAGdTdT 1111 as A-32378 588 CUGCCUGGACUUCuAAcAUdTdT
1112 s A-32389 78 ucuGAGGcuGGcccuAcGGdTdT 1113 as A-32390 96
CCGuAGGGCcAGCCUcAGAdTdT 1114 s A-32401 87 GGcccuAcGGGcAccGGuGdTdT
1115 as A-32402 105 cACCGGUGCCCGuAGGGCCdTdT 1116 s A-32413 95
GGGcAccGGuGAAuccAAGdTdT 1117 as A-32414 113 CUUGGAUUcACCGGUGCCCdTdT
1118 s A-32425 167 ccAuGcAuGuGuucAGAAAdTdT 1119 as A-32426 185
UUUCUGAAcAcAUGcAUGGdTdT 1120
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 5 Identification numbers for rat TTR dsRNAs
See Table 7 for sequences. Sense Antisense Duplex # Oligo # Oligo #
AD-18529 A-32745 A-32746 AD-18530 A-32747 A-32748 AD-18531 A-32749
A-32750 AD-18532 A-32751 A-32752 AD-18533 A-32753 A-32754 AD-18534
A-32755 A-32756 AD-18535 A-32757 A-32758 AD-18536 A-32759 A-32760
AD-18537 A-32761 A-32762 AD-18538 A-32763 A-32764 AD-18539 A-32159
A-32160 AD-18540 A-32765 A-32766 AD-18541 A-32767 A-32768 AD-18542
A-32769 A-32770 AD-18543 A-32771 A-32772 AD-18544 A-32773 A-32774
AD-18545 A-32775 A-32776 AD-18546 A-32777 A-32778 AD-18547 A-32779
A-32780 AD-18548 A-32781 A-32782 AD-18549 A-32783 A-32784 AD-18550
A-32785 A-32786 AD-18551 A-32787 A-32788 AD-18552 A-32791 A-32792
AD-18553 A-32793 A-32794 AD-18554 A-32795 A-32796
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 6A Sense and antisense strand sequences for
rat TTR dsRNAs Strand: s = sense; as = antisense; Position:
position of 5' base on transcript (NM_012681.1, SEQ ID NO: 1330)
SEQ Sequence with 3' SEQ Sequence ID dinucleotide overhang ID
Strand Position (5' to 3') NO: (5' to 3') NO: s 115
GUCCUCUGAUGGUCAAAGU 1121 GUCCUCUGAUGGUCAAAGUNN 1173 as 133
ACUUUGACCAUCAGAGGAC 1122 ACUUUGACCAUCAGAGGACNN 1174 s 537
UUCUUGCUCUAUAAACCGU 1123 UUCUUGCUCUAUAAACCGUNN 1175 as 555
ACGGUUUAUAGAGCAAGAA 1124 ACGGUUUAUAGAGCAAGAANN 1176 s 543
CUCUAUAAACCGUGUUAGC 1125 CUCUAUAAACCGUGUUAGCNN 1177 as 561
GCUAACACGGUUUAUAGAG 1126 GCUAACACGGUUUAUAGAGNN 1178 s 392
UCGCCACUACACCAUCGCA 1127 UCGCCACUACACCAUCGCANN 1179 as 410
UGCGAUGGUGUAGUGGCGA 1128 UGCGAUGGUGUAGUGGCGANN 1180 s 538
UCUUGCUCUAUAAACCGUG 1129 UCUUGCUCUAUAAACCGUGNN 1181 as 556
CACGGUUUAUAGAGCAAGA 1130 CACGGUUUAUAGAGCAAGANN 1182 s 541
UGCUCUAUAAACCGUGUUA 1131 UGCUCUAUAAACCGUGUUANN 1183 as 559
UAACACGGUUUAUAGAGCA 1132 UAACACGGUUUAUAGAGCANN 1184 s 532
CAGUGUUCUUGCUCUAUAA 1133 CAGUGUUCUUGCUCUAUAANN 1185 as 550
UUAUAGAGCAAGAACACUG 1134 UUAUAGAGCAAGAACACUGNN 1186 s 542
GCUCUAUAAACCGUGUUAG 1135 GCUCUAUAAACCGUGUUAGNN 1187 as 560
CUAACACGGUUUAUAGAGC 1136 CUAACACGGUUUAUAGAGCNN 1188 s 134
CCUGGAUGCUGUCCGAGGC 1137 CCUGGAUGCUGUCCGAGGCNN 1189 as 152
GCCUCGGACAGCAUCCAGG 1138 GCCUCGGACAGCAUCCAGGNN 1190 s 119
UCUGAUGGUCAAAGUCCUG 1139 UCUGAUGGUCAAAGUCCUGNN 1191 as 137
CAGGACUUUGACCAUCAGA 1140 CAGGACUUUGACCAUCAGANN 1192 s 241
CUGGAGAGCUGCACGGGCU 1141 CUGGAGAGCUGCACGGGCUNN 1193 as 259
AGCCCGUGCAGCUCUCCAG 1142 AGCCCGUGCAGCUCUCCAGNN 1194 s 544
UCUAUAAACCGUGUUAGCA 1143 UCUAUAAACCGUGUUAGCANN 1195 as 562
UGCUAACACGGUUUAUAGA 1144 UGCUAACACGGUUUAUAGANN 1196 s 530
AACAGUGUUCUUGCUCUAU 1145 AACAGUGUUCUUGCUCUAUNN 1197 as 548
AUAGAGCAAGAACACUGUU 1146 AUAGAGCAAGAACACUGUUNN 1198 s 118
CUCUGAUGGUCAAAGUCCU 1147 CUCUGAUGGUCAAAGUCCUNN 1199 as 136
AGGACUUUGACCAUCAGAG 1148 AGGACUUUGACCAUCAGAGNN 1200 s 140
UGCUGUCCGAGGCAGCCCU 1149 UGCUGUCCGAGGCAGCCCUNN 1201 as 158
AGGGCUGCCUCGGACAGCA 1150 AGGGCUGCCUCGGACAGCANN 1202 s 239
GUCUGGAGAGCUGCACGGG 1151 GUCUGGAGAGCUGCACGGGNN 1203 as 257
CCCGUGCAGCUCUCCAGAC 1152 CCCGUGCAGCUCUCCAGACNN 1204 s 531
ACAGUGUUCUUGCUCUAUA 1153 ACAGUGUUCUUGCUCUAUANN 1205 as 549
UAUAGAGCAAGAACACUGU 1154 UAUAGAGCAAGAACACUGUNN 1206 s 117
CCUCUGAUGGUCAAAGUCC 1155 CCUCUGAUGGUCAAAGUCCNN 1207 as 135
GGACUUUGACCAUCAGAGG 1156 GGACUUUGACCAUCAGAGGNN 1208 s 131
AGUCCUGGAUGCUGUCCGA 1157 AGUCCUGGAUGCUGUCCGANN 1209 as 149
UCGGACAGCAUCCAGGACU 1158 UCGGACAGCAUCCAGGACUNN 1210 s 217
UUGCCUCUGGGAAGACCGC 1159 UUGCCUCUGGGAAGACCGCNN 1211 as 235
GCGGUCUUCCCAGAGGCAA 1160 GCGGUCUUCCCAGAGGCAANN 1212 s 242
UGGAGAGCUGCACGGGCUC 1161 UGGAGAGCUGCACGGGCUCNN 1213 as 260
GAGCCCGUGCAGCUCUCCA 1162 GAGCCCGUGCAGCUCUCCANN 1214 s 244
GAGAGCUGCACGGGCUCAC 1163 GAGAGCUGCACGGGCUCACNN 1215 as 262
GUGAGCCCGUGCAGCUCUC 1164 GUGAGCCCGUGCAGCUCUCNN 1216 s 246
GAGCUGCACGGGCUCACCA 1165 GAGCUGCACGGGCUCACCANN 1217 as 264
UGGUGAGCCCGUGCAGCUC 1166 UGGUGAGCCCGUGCAGCUCNN 1218 s 399
UACACCAUCGCAGCCCUGC 1167 UACACCAUCGCAGCCCUGCNN 1219 as 417
GCAGGGCUGCGAUGGUGUA 1168 GCAGGGCUGCGAUGGUGUANN 1220 s 132
GUCCUGGAUGCUGUCCGAG 1169 GUCCUGGAUGCUGUCCGAGNN 1221 as 150
CUCGGACAGCAUCCAGGAC 1170 CUCGGACAGCAUCCAGGACNN 1222 s 245
AGAGCUGCACGGGCUCACC 1171 AGAGCUGCACGGGCUCACCNN 1223 as 263
GGUGAGCCCGUGCAGCUCU 1172 GGUGAGCCCGUGCAGCUCUNN 1224
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 6B Sense and antisense strand sequences for
rat TTR dsRNAs Strand: s = sense; as = antisense; Position:
position of 5' base on transcript (NM_012681.1, SEQ ID NO: 1330)
Sequence with SEQ 3' deoxythimidine ID Strand Position overhang (5'
to 3') NO: s 115 GUCCUCUGAUGGUCAAAGUdTdT 1225 as 133
ACUUUGACCAUCAGAGGACdTdT 1226 s 537 UUCUUGCUCUAUAAACCGUdTdT 1227 as
555 ACGGUUUAUAGAGCAAGAAdTdT 1228 s 543 CUCUAUAAACCGUGUUAGCdTdT 1229
as 561 GCUAACACGGUUUAUAGAGdTdT 1230 s 392 UCGCCACUACACCAUCGCAdTdT
1231 as 410 UGCGAUGGUGUAGUGGCGAdTdT 1232 s 538
UCUUGCUCUAUAAACCGUGdTdT 1233 as 556 CACGGUUUAUAGAGCAAGAdTdT 1234 s
541 UGCUCUAUAAACCGUGUUAdTdT 1235 as 559 UAACACGGUUUAUAGAGCAdTdT
1236 s 532 CAGUGUUCUUGCUCUAUAAdTdT 1237 as 550
UUAUAGAGCAAGAACACUGdTdT 1238 s 542 GCUCUAUAAACCGUGUUAGdTdT 1239 as
560 CUAACACGGUUUAUAGAGCdTdT 1240 s 134 CCUGGAUGCUGUCCGAGGCdTdT 1241
as 152 GCCUCGGACAGCAUCCAGGdTdT 1242 s 119 UCUGAUGGUCAAAGUCCUGdTdT
1243 as 137 CAGGACUUUGACCAUCAGAdTdT 1244 s 241
CUGGAGAGCUGCACGGGCUdTdT 1245 as 259 AGCCCGUGCAGCUCUCCAGdTdT 1246 s
544 UCUAUAAACCGUGUUAGCAdTdT 1247 as 562 UGCUAACACGGUUUAUAGAdTdT
1248 s 530 AACAGUGUUCUUGCUCUAUdTdT 1249 as 548
AUAGAGCAAGAACACUGUUdTdT 1250 s 118 CUCUGAUGGUCAAAGUCCUdTdT 1251 as
136 AGGACUUUGACCAUCAGAGdTdT 1252 s 140 UGCUGUCCGAGGCAGCCCUdTdT 1253
as 158 AGGGCUGCCUCGGACAGCAdTdT 1254 s 239 GUCUGGAGAGCUGCACGGGdTdT
1255 as 257 CCCGUGCAGCUCUCCAGACdTdT 1256 s 531
ACAGUGUUCUUGCUCUAUAdTdT 1257 as 549 UAUAGAGCAAGAACACUGUdTdT 1258 s
117 CCUCUGAUGGUCAAAGUCCdTdT 1259 as 135 GGACUUUGACCAUCAGAGGdTdT
1260 s 131 AGUCCUGGAUGCUGUCCGAdTdT 1261 as 149
UCGGACAGCAUCCAGGACUdTdT 1262 s 217 UUGCCUCUGGGAAGACCGCdTdT 1263 as
235 GCGGUCUUCCCAGAGGCAAdTdT 1264 s 242 UGGAGAGCUGCACGGGCUCdTdT 1265
as 260 GAGCCCGUGCAGCUCUCCAdTdT 1266 s 244 GAGAGCUGCACGGGCUCACdTdT
1267 as 262 GUGAGCCCGUGCAGCUCUCdTdT 1268 s 246
GAGCUGCACGGGCUCACCAdTdT 1269 as 264 UGGUGAGCCCGUGCAGCUCdTdT 1270 s
399 UACACCAUCGCAGCCCUGCdTdT 1271 as 417 GCAGGGCUGCGAUGGUGUAdTdT
1272 s 132 GUCCUGGAUGCUGUCCGAGdTdT 1273 as 150
CUCGGACAGCAUCCAGGACdTdT 1274 s 245 AGAGCUGCACGGGCUCACCdTdT 1275 as
263 GGUGAGCCCGUGCAGCUCUdTdT 1276
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 7 Chemically modified sense and antisense
strand sequences for rat TTR dsRNAs See Table 5 for duplex # (dsRNA
name). Strand: s = sense; as = antisense; Position: position of 5'
base on transcript (NM_012681.1, SEQ ID NO: 1330) SEQ Oligo Po- ID
Strand # sition Sequence (5' to 3') NO: s A-32159 115
GuccucuGAuGGucAAAGudTdT 1277 as A-32160 133 ACUUUGACcAUcAGAGGACdTdT
1278 s A-32745 537 uucuuGcucuAuAAAccGudTdT 1279 as A-32746 555
ACGGUUuAuAGAGcAAGAAdTdT 1280 s A-32747 543 cucuAuAAAccGuGuuAGcdTdT
1281 as A-32748 561 GCuAAcACGGUUuAuAGAGdTdT 1282 s A-32749 392
ucGccAcuAcAccAucGcAdTdT 1283 as A-32750 410 UGCGAUGGUGuAGUGGCGAdTdT
1284 s A-32751 538 ucuuGcucuAuAAAccGuGdTdT 1285 as A-32752 556
cACGGUUuAuAGAGcAAGAdTdT 1286 s A-32753 541 uGcucuAuAAAccGuGuuAdTdT
1287 as A-32754 559 uAAcACGGUUuAuAGAGcAdTdT 1288 s A-32755 532
cAGuGuucuuGcucuAuAAdTdT 1289 as A-32756 550 UuAuAGAGcAAGAAcACUGdTdT
1290 s A-32757 542 GcucuAuAAAccGuGuuAGdTdT 1291 as A-32758 560
CuAAcACGGUUuAuAGAGCdTdT 1292 s A-32759 134 ccuGGAuGcuGuccGAGGcdTdT
1293 as A-32760 152 GCCUCGGAcAGcAUCcAGGdTdT 1294 s A-32761 119
ucuGAuGGucAAAGuccuGdTdT 1295 as A-32762 137 cAGGACUUUGACcAUcAGAdTdT
1296 s A-32763 241 cuGGAGAGcuGcAcGGGcudTdT 1297 as A-32764 259
AGCCCGUGcAGCUCUCcAGdTdT 1298 s A-32765 544 ucuAuAAAccGuGuuAGcAdTdT
1299 as A-32766 562 UGCuAAcACGGUUuAuAGAdTdT 1300 s A-32767 530
AAcAGuGuucuuGcucuAudTdT 1301 as A-32768 548 AuAGAGcAAGAAcACUGUUdTdT
1302 s A-32769 118 cucuGAuGGucAAAGuccudTdT 1303 as A-32770 136
AGGACUUUGACcAUcAGAGdTdT 1304 s A-32771 140 uGcuGuccGAGGcAGcccudTdT
1305 as A-32772 158 AGGGCUGCCUCGGAcAGcAdTdT 1306 s A-32773 239
GucuGGAGAGcuGcAcGGGdTdT 1307 as A-32774 257 CCCGUGcAGCUCUCcAGACdTdT
1308 s A-32775 531 AcAGuGuucuuGcucuAuAdTdT 1309 as A-32776 549
uAuAGAGcAAGAAcACUGUdTdT 1310 s A-32777 117 ccucuGAuGGucAAAGuccdTdT
1311 as A-32778 135 GGACUUUGACcAUcAGAGGdTdT 1312 s A-32779 131
AGuccuGGAuGcuGuccGAdTdT 1313 as A-32780 149 UCGGAcAGcAUCcAGGACUdTdT
1314 s A-32781 217 uuGccucuGGGAAGAccGcdTdT 1315 as A-32782 235
GCGGUCUUCCcAGAGGcAAdTdT 1316 s A-32783 242 uGGAGAGcuGcAcGGGcucdTdT
1317 as A-32784 260 GAGCCCGUGcAGCUCUCcAdTdT 1318 s A-32785 244
GAGAGcuGcAcGGGcucAcdTdT 1319 as A-32786 262 GUGAGCCCGUGcAGCUCUCdTdT
1320 s A-32787 246 GAGcuGcAcGGGcucAccAdTdT 1321 as A-32788 264
UGGUGAGCCCGUGcAGCUCdTdT 1322 s A-32791 399 uAcAccAucGcAGcccuGcdTdT
1323 as A-32792 417 GcAGGGCUGCGAUGGUGuAdTdT 1324 s A-32793 132
GuccuGGAuGcuGuccGAGdTdT 1325 as A-32794 150 CUCGGAcAGcAUCcAGGACdTdT
1326 s A-32795 245 AGAGcuGcAcGGGcucAccdTdT 1327 as A-32796 263
GGUGAGCCCGUGcAGCUCUdTdT 1328
[0271] Synthesis of TTR Sequences
[0272] TTR sequences were synthesized on MerMade 192 synthesizer at
1 .mu.mol scale. For all the sequences in the list, `endolight`
chemistry was applied as detailed below. [0273] All pyrimidines
(cytosine and uridine) in the sense strand were replaced with
corresponding 2'-O-Methyl bases (2' O-Methyl C and 2'-O-Methyl U)
[0274] In the antisense strand, pyrimidines adjacent to (towards 5'
position) ribo A nucleoside were replaced with their corresponding
2-O-Methyl nucleosides [0275] A two base dTdT extension at 3' end
of both sense and antisense sequences was introduced [0276] The
sequence file was converted to a text file to make it compatible
for loading in the MerMade 192 synthesis software
[0277] The synthesis of TTR sequences used solid supported
oligonucleotide synthesis using phosphoramidite chemistry. The
synthesis of the above sequences was performed at lum scale in 96
well plates. The amidite solutions were prepared at 0.1M
concentration and ethyl thio tetrazole (0.6M in Acetonitrile) was
used as activator.
[0278] The synthesized sequences were cleaved and deprotected in 96
well plates, using methylamine in the first step and
triethylamine.3HF in the second step. The crude sequences thus
obtained were precipitated using acetone: ethanol mix and the
pellet were re-suspended in 0.5M sodium acetate buffer. Samples
from each sequence were analyzed by LC-MS and the resulting mass
data confirmed the identity of the sequences. A selected set of
samples were also analyzed by IEX chromatography.
[0279] The next step in the process was purification. All sequences
were purified on an AKTA explorer purification system using Source
15Q column. A single peak corresponding to the full length sequence
was collected in the eluent and was subsequently analyzed for
purity by ion exchange chromatography.
[0280] The purified sequences were desalted on a Sephadex G25
column using AKTA purifier. The desalted TTR sequences were
analyzed for concentration and purity. The single strands were then
annealed to form TTR-dsRNA.
Example 2B
In Vitro Screening of TTR siRNAs for mRNA Suppression
[0281] Human TTR targeting dsRNAs (Table 2) were assayed for
inhibition of endogenous TTR expression in HepG2 and Hep3B cells,
using qPCR (real time PCR) and bDNA (branched DNA) assays to
quantify TTR mRNA. Rodent TTR targeting dsRNA (Table 5) were
synthesized and assayed for inhibition of endogenous TTR expression
using bDNA assays in H.4.II.E cells. Results from single dose
assays were used to select a subset of TTR dsRNA duplexes for dose
response experiments to calculate IC50's. IC50 results were used to
select TTR dsRNAs for further testing.
[0282] Cell Culture and Transfections:
[0283] The hepatocyte cell lines HepG2, Hep3B and H.4.II.E cells
(ATCC, Manassas, Va.) were grown to near confluence at 37.degree.
C. in an atmosphere of 5% CO.sub.2 in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's
medium (ATCC) supplemented with 10% FBS, streptomycin, and
glutamine (ATCC) before being released from the plate by
trypsinization. H.4.II.E cells were also grown in Earle's minimal
essential medium. Reverse transfection was carried out by adding 5
.mu.l of Opti-MEM to 5 .mu.l of siRNA duplexes per well into a
96-well plate along with 10 .mu.l of Opti-MEM plus 0.2 .mu.l of
Lipofectamine RNAiMax per well (Invitrogen, Carlsbad Calif. cat #
13778-150) and incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. 80
.mu.l of complete growth media without antibiotics containing
4.times.10.sup.4 (HepG2), 2.times.10.sup.4 (Hep3B) or
2.times.10.sup.4 (H.4.II.E) cells were then added. Cells were
incubated for 24 hours prior to RNA purification. Single dose
experiments were performed at 10 nM final duplex concentration and
dose response experiments were done with 10, 1, 0.5, 0.1,0.05,
0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 0.0005, 0.0001, 0.00005, 0.00001 nM.
[0284] Total RNA Isolation Using MagMAX-96 Total RNA Isolation Kit
(Applied Biosystems, Foster City Calif., Part #: AM1830):
[0285] Cells were harvested and lysed in 140 .mu.l of Lysis/Binding
Solution then mixed for 1 minute at 850 rpm using and Eppendorf
Thermomixer (the mixing speed was the same throughout the process).
Twenty micro liters of magnetic beads were added into cell-lysate
and mixed for 5 minutes. Magnetic beads were captured using
magnetic stand and the supernatant was removed without disturbing
the beads. After removing supernatant, magnetic beads were washed
with Wash Solution 1 (isopropanol added) and mixed for 1 minute.
Beads were captured again and supernatant removed. Beads were then
washed with 150 .mu.l Wash Solution 2 (Ethanol added), captured and
supernatant was removed. 50 .mu.l of DNase mixture (MagMax turbo
DNase Buffer and Turbo DNase) was then added to the beads and they
were mixed for 10 to 15 minutes. After mixing, 100 .mu.l of RNA
Rebinding Solution was added and mixed for 3 minutes. Supernatant
was removed and magnetic beads were washed again with 150 .mu.l
Wash Solution 2 and mixed for 1 minute and supernatant was removed
completely. The magnetic beads were mixed for 2 minutes to dry
before RNA it was eluted with 50 .mu.l of water.
[0286] cDNA Synthesis Using ABI High Capacity cDNA Reverse
Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., Cat
#4368813):
[0287] A master mix of 2 .mu.l 10.times. Buffer, 0.8 .mu.l
25.times. dNTPs, 2 .mu.l Random primers, 1 .mu.l Reverse
Transcriptase, 1 .mu.l RNase inhibitor and 3.2 .mu.l of H2O per
reaction were added into 10 .mu.l total RNA. cDNA was generated
using a Bio-Rad C-1000 or S-1000 thermal cycler (Hercules, Calif.)
through the following steps: 25.degree. C. 10 min, 37.degree. C.
120 min, 85.degree. C. 5 sec, 4.degree. C. hold.
[0288] Real Time PCR:
[0289] 2 .mu.l of cDNA was added to a master mix of 1 .mu.l 18S
TaqMan Probe (Applied Biosystems Cat #4319413E), 1 .mu.l TTR TaqMan
probe (Applied Biosystems cat #HS00174914 M1) and 10 .mu.l TaqMan
Universal PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems Cat #4324018) per well
in a MicroAmp Optical 96 well plate (Applied Biosystems cat
#4326659). Real time PCR was done in an ABI 7000 Prism or an ABI
7900HT Real Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) using the
.DELTA..DELTA. Ct(RQ) assay. All reactions were done in
triplicate.
[0290] Real time data were analyzed using the .DELTA..DELTA. Ct
method and normalized to assays performed from cells transfected
with 10 nM BlockIT fluorescent Oligo (Invitrogen Cat #2013) or 10
nM AD-1955 (a control duplex that targets the non-mammalian
luciferase gene) to calculate fold change.
[0291] Branched DNA Assays--QuantiGene 1.0 (Panomics, Fremont,
Calif. cat #: QG0004)--Used to Screen Rodent Specific Duplexes
[0292] H.4.II.E cells (ATCC) were transfected with 10 nM siRNA.
After removing media, H.4.II.E were lysed in 100 .mu.l of Diluted
Lysis Mixture (a mixture of 1 volume of Lysis mixture, 2 volume of
nuclease-free water and 10 ul of Proteinase-K per ml for the final
concentration of 20 mg/ml) then incubated at 65.degree. C. for 35
minutes. Then, 80 .mu.l of Working Probe Set (a mixture of TTR or
GAPDH probe) and 20 ul of cell-lysate were added into the Capture
Plate. Capture Plates were incubated at 53.degree. C..+-.1.degree.
C. overnight (approximately 16-20 hrs). Capture Plates were washed
3 times with 1.times. Wash Buffer (a mixture of nuclease-free
water, Buffer Component 1 and Wash Buffer Component 2), then dried
by centrifuging for 1 minute at 1000 rpm. 100 .mu.l of Amplifier
Working Reagent was added into the Capture Plate, which was then
sealed and incubated for 1 hour at 46.degree. C..+-.1.degree. C.
Wash and dry steps were repeated after 1 hour of incubation and 100
.mu.l of Label Solution Reagent was added. The plate was then
washed, dried and 100 .mu.l Substrate (a mixture of Lithium Lauryl
Sulfate and Substrate solution) was added. Capture Plates were
placed in the incubator for 30 minutes at 46.degree.
C..+-.1.degree. C. Capture Plates were then removed from the
incubator and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes.
Finally, the Capture Plates were read using the Victor Luminometer
(Perkin Elmer, Waltham, Mass.).
[0293] Branched DNA Assays--QuantiGene 2.0 (Panomics Cat #:
QS0011): Used to Screen All Other Duplexes
[0294] After a 24 hour incubation at the dose or doses stated,
media was removed and cells were lysed in 100 .mu.l Lysis Mixture
(1 volume lysis mixture, 2 volumes nuclease-free water and 10 .mu.l
of Proteinase-K/ml for a final concentration of 20 mg/ml) then
incubated at 65.degree. C. for 35 minutes. 20 .mu.l Working Probe
Set (TTR probe for gene target and GAPDH for endogenous control)
and 80 .mu.l of cell-lysate were then added to the Capture Plates.
Capture Plates were incubated at 55.degree. C..+-.1.degree. C.
(approx. 16-20 hrs). The next day, the Capture Plates were washed 3
times with 1.times. Wash Buffer (nuclease-free water, Buffer
Component 1 and Wash Buffer Component 2), then dried by
centrifuging for 1 minute at 240 g. 100 .mu.l of pre-Amplifier
Working Reagent was added to the Capture Plates, which were sealed
with aluminum foil and incubated for 1 hour at 55.degree.
C..+-.1.degree. C. Following a 1 hour incubation, the wash step was
repeated, then 100 .mu.l Amplifier Working Reagent was added. After
1 hour, the wash and dry steps were repeated, and 100 .mu.l Label
Probe was added. Capture plates were incubated 50.degree.
C..+-.1.degree. C. for 1 hour. The plates were then washed with
1.times. Wash Buffer and dried, and then 100 .mu.l Substrate was
added to the Capture Plates. Capture Plates were read using the
SpectraMax Luminometer (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.)
following 5 to 15 minutes incubation.
[0295] bDNA Data Analysis:
[0296] bDNA data were analyzed by (i) subtracting the average
background from each triplicate sample, (ii) averaging the
resultant triplicate GAPDH (control probe) and TTR (experimental
probe) values, and then (iii) taking the ratio: (experimental
probe-background)/(control probe-background).
[0297] Results
[0298] A summary of the single dose and IC50 results for TTR-dsRNAs
(TTR siRNAs) are presented below in Table 8. Single dose results
are expressed as % TTR mRNA relative to control, assayed in HepG2
cells. IC50s were determined in HepG2 and/or Hep3B cells, as
indicated.
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 8 Single dose and IC50 results of in vitro
screens of TTR siRNAs Single Dose at 10 nM % relative to control
IC50 (nM) HepG2 HepG2 Hep3B Duplex # qPCR bDNA qPCR bDNA qPCR bDNA
AD-18243 50.35 141.53 ND ND ND ND AD-18244 64.26 158.55 ND ND ND ND
AD-18245 56.89 107.22 ND ND ND ND AD-18246 10.53 32.51* 0.265 0.086
ND ND AD-18247 125.56 69.57 ND ND ND ND AD-18248 127.78 66.97 ND ND
ND ND AD-18249 48.77 48.76 ND ND ND ND AD-18250 96.94 86.42 ND ND
ND ND AD-18251 170.41 129.15 ND ND ND ND AD-18252 73.52 81.90 ND ND
ND ND AD-18253 25.25 61.25 ND ND ND ND AD-18254 95.13 103.96 ND ND
ND ND AD-18255 119.46 ND ND ND ND ND AD-18256 42.64 95.67 ND ND ND
ND AD-18257 146.25 141.75 ND ND ND ND AD-18258 10.20 13.41* 0.007
0.005 0.004 0.005 AD-18259 9.30 20.91* 0.102 0.005 ND ND AD-18260
125.37 81.36 ND ND ND ND AD-18261 14.27 19.40* 0.210 ND ND ND
AD-18262 84.95 104.05 ND ND ND ND AD-18263 16.32 23.25* 0.110 ND ND
ND AD-18264 104.18 83.69 ND ND ND ND AD-18265 41.62 64.87 ND ND ND
ND AD-18266 39.98 110.53 ND ND ND ND AD-18267 149.64 ND ND ND ND ND
AD-18268 152.93 174.04 ND ND ND ND AD-18269 37.27 92.28 ND ND ND ND
AD-18270 99.44 164.75 ND ND ND ND AD-18271 18.89 28.33* 0.503 0.004
ND ND AD-18272 128.32 132.58 ND ND ND ND AD-18273 115.78 201.95 ND
ND ND ND AD-18274 8.97 20.04* 0.009 0.176 0.036 0.012 AD-18275 4.09
22.25* 0.026 0.118 ND ND AD-18276 19.73 45.22* 0.198 0.677 ND ND
AD-18277 10.55 26.31* 0.121 0.426 ND ND AD-18278 108.86 116.26 ND
ND ND ND AD-18279 66.59 ND ND ND ND ND AD-18280 103.26 170.52 ND ND
ND ND AD-18281 87.98 123.88 ND ND ND ND AD-18282 82.47 140.32 ND ND
ND ND AD-18283 106.54 182.78 ND ND ND ND AD-18284 106.93 151.78 ND
ND ND ND AD-18285 26.58 60.05* ND 0.089 ND ND AD-18286 109.95
173.66 ND ND ND ND AD-18287 54.23 155.45 ND ND ND ND AD-18288 73.52
174.09 ND ND ND ND AD-18289 103.36 174.76 ND ND ND ND AD-18290
17.06 52.04* 1.253 0.181 ND ND AD-18291 7.71 169.29* 1.304 0.019 ND
ND AD-18292 7.51 210.03* 0.604 0.005 ND ND AD-18293 3.61 62.53*
0.078 0.003 ND ND AD-18294 111.53 107.56 ND ND ND ND AD-18295
115.88 105.37 ND ND ND ND AD-18296 57.03 38.03 ND ND ND ND AD-18297
87.69 73.87 ND ND ND ND AD-18298 10.39 7.25* 0.455 0.008 ND ND
AD-18299 18.79 18.06* 0.895 0.014 ND ND AD-18300 108.70 ND ND ND ND
ND AD-18301 114.22 70.50 ND ND ND ND AD-18302 116.19 122.40 ND ND
ND ND AD-18303 124.89 ND ND ND ND ND AD-18304 132.99 89.54 ND ND ND
ND AD-18305 153.10 ND ND ND ND ND AD-18306 159.22 ND ND ND ND ND
AD-18307 116.83 84.57 ND ND ND ND AD-18308 156.72 87.80 ND ND ND ND
AD-18309 113.22 101.97 ND ND ND ND AD-18310 132.33 ND ND ND ND ND
AD-18311 161.68 92.92 ND ND ND ND AD-18312 103.01 71.17 ND ND ND ND
AD-18313 120.65 53.26 ND ND ND ND AD-18314 116.33 ND ND ND ND ND
AD-18315 115.13 ND ND ND ND ND AD-18316 118.73 122.34 ND ND ND ND
AD-18317 114.03 121.10 ND ND ND ND AD-18318 80.85 122.57 ND ND ND
ND AD-18319 119.14 148.87 ND ND ND ND AD-18320 22.86 55.43* ND
0.023 0.403 ND AD-18321 6.44 31.56* 0.001 0.033 ND ND AD-18322
54.21 100.46 ND ND ND ND AD-18323 6.37 28.71* 0.005 0.023 ND ND
AD-18324 2.53 15.98* 0.002 0.006 0.005 0.014 AD-18325 2.52 11.96*
0.001 0.016 ND ND AD-18326 18.34 43.16* 0.025 0.186 ND ND AD-18327
18.28 13.90* 0.044 0.215 ND ND AD-18328 4.53 26.04* 0.003 0.004
0.006 0.006 AD-18329 96.93 131.54 ND ND ND ND AD-18330 11.80 45.18*
0.0004 0.010 0.020 ND AD-18331 117.77 163.07 ND ND ND ND AD-18332
11.53 35.09* 0.001 0.076 0.065 ND AD-18333 12.24 46.94* 0.001 0.115
0.075 ND AD-18334 16.27 55.28* 0.0004 0.181 1.071 ND AD-18335 53.52
112.80 ND ND ND ND AD-18336 6.39 33.00* 0.001 0.112 0.081 ND
AD-18337 51.77 105.33 ND ND ND ND AD-18338 48.21 102.86 ND ND ND ND
AD-18339 6.48 26.56* 0.004 0.002 0.018 0.029 AD-18340 4.53 30.76*
0.002 0.002 ND ND AD-18341 31.27 100.41 ND ND ND ND AD-18342 7.60
42.89* ND 0.016 0.076 ND AD-18343 3.42 17.45* ND 0.001 ND ND
AD-18344 75.08 134.31 ND ND ND ND AD-18345 13.62 42.75* 0.002 0.013
ND ND AD-18346 59.25 121.10 ND ND ND ND AD-18347 91.23 139.54 ND ND
ND ND AD-18348 89.95 159.29 ND ND ND ND AD-18349 108.01 144.96 ND
ND ND ND AD-18350 123.65 125.87 ND ND ND ND AD-18351 108.36 104.02
ND ND ND ND AD-18352 87.82 128.72 ND ND ND ND AD-18353 14.40 65.77
0.012 0.027 ND ND AD-18354 99.27 123.53 ND ND ND ND AD-18355 135.04
150.88 ND ND ND ND AD-18356 100.76 178.96 ND ND ND ND AD-18357
125.30 162.85 ND ND ND ND AD-18358 103.15 136.01 ND ND ND ND
AD-18359 34.74 140.48 ND ND ND ND AD-18360 103.86 146.86 ND ND ND
ND AD-18361 105.74 152.74 ND ND ND ND AD-18362 106.96 188.22 ND ND
ND ND AD-18363 124.22 58.46 ND ND ND ND AD-18364 113.75 66.87 ND ND
ND ND AD-18446 29.73 13.30 ND ND ND ND AD-18447 109.74 53.63 ND ND
ND ND AD-18448 22.96 8.81 ND ND ND ND AD-18449 112.59 50.11 ND ND
ND ND AD-18450 89.41 34.89 ND ND ND ND AD-18451 74.35 23.88 ND ND
ND ND AD-18452 125.25 54.86 ND ND ND ND AD-18453 126.98 56.31 ND ND
ND ND AD-18454 113.88 52.48 ND ND ND ND AD-18455 163.00 48.89 ND ND
ND ND AD-18456 15.70 10.52 ND ND ND ND AD-18457 12.86 8.22 ND ND ND
ND AD-18458 13.00 7.00 ND ND ND ND AD-18459 14.41 10.72 ND ND ND ND
AD-18460 121.16 74.87 ND ND ND ND AD-18461 100.53 71.87 ND ND ND ND
AD-18462 47.75 29.35 ND ND ND ND AD-18463 58.98 44.79 ND ND ND ND
ND: no data; *indicates result that represents average of two
experiments.
[0299] The dose response data used to identify the IC50 for 5
TTR-dsRNAs (AD-18258, AD-18274, AD-18324, AD-18328, and AD-18339),
are presented in detail below in Table 9. All 5 siRNAs were
determined to have pM IC50s. The IC50 data for dsRNAs in Table 8 is
a summary of the data presented in Table 9 below.
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 9 Dose response data for 5 TTR-dsRNAs %
inhibition relative to control AD-1955 Detection Dose of duplex
(nM) IC50 Cell type method 10 1 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.005 0.001
0.0005 0.0001 0.00005 0.00001 (nM) Duplex AD-18258 HepG2 qPCR 14.4
14.1 16.2 23.9 27.26 40.19 68.46 78.1 74.48 104.37 98.28 113.68
0.007 HepG2 bDNA 14.3 14.5 11.1 12.8 18.82 19.77 51.21 56.03 63.63
58.35 43.64 51.05 0.005 Hep3B qPCR 11.9 8.62 12.4 16.4 28.35 30.49
58.36 54.57 81.26 89.43 81.85 101.87 0.004 Hep3B bDNA 7.65 7.5 11.3
12.6 28.85 27.89 64.57 73.48 72.03 91.44 86.71 89.31 0.005 Duplex
AD-18274 HepG2 qPCR 6.68 8.45 11.7 24.2 42.08 49.89 56.95 62.99
64.47 54.92 67.39 72.67 0.009 HepG2 bDNA 27.5 69 25.2 34.2 73.03
103.4 121.57 97.31 154.93 156.7 Nd 152.25 0.176 Hep3B qPCR 7.58 17
15.6 43.9 42.22 60.55 78.8 77.81 79.97 85.84 86.13 83.99 0.036
Hep3B bDNA 3.77 4.92 7.51 15 35.21 51.66 72.45 70.12 78.31 77.52
90.72 83.01 0.012 Duplex AD-18324 HepG2 qPCR 2.07 2.27 2.74 6.36
8.18 15.23 28.82 52.79 90.86 94.72 116.07 98.97 0.002 HepG2 bDNA
14.5 7.88 11.8 15.9 17.2 46.44 40.4 91.86 0 95.57 0 52.15 0.006
Hep3B qPCR 2.07 3.48 5.76 16.2 18.73 44.54 49.77 68.88 63.48 76.61
74.7 77.83 0.005 Hep3B bDNA 3.48 3.8 5.15 15.2 30.84 55.36 74.75
99.39 88.89 110.83 96.55 110.26 0.014 Duplex AD-18328 HepG2 qPCR
5.85 3.97 3.32 5.62 8 16.75 55.01 39.76 122.41 102.37 114.02 124.09
0.003 HepG2 bDNA 12.3 10.7 10.7 11.9 20.06 25 69.52 57.29 112.28
98.14 142.26 148.92 0.004 Hep3B qPCR 3.17 5.52 11.7 13.8 27.68
39.58 61.21 61.87 90.51 87.56 106.03 108.72 0.006 Hep3B bDNA 3.08
3.66 4.19 7.25 21.05 22.1 73.74 63.19 105.55 96.27 105.97 96.46
0.006 Duplex AD-18339 HepG2 qPCR 6.27 7.28 Nd 11 15.25 38.69 38.78
71.7 84.09 62.2 75.61 85.46 0.004 HepG2 bDNA 15.1 8.14 5.13 6.89
12.17 32.14 42.98 64.01 60.76 79.95 81.97 95.43 0.002 Hep3B qPCR
8.3 9.47 13.2 34.5 44.54 77.38 81.04 81.41 93.95 81.04 75.61 78.28
0.018 Hep3B bDNA 10.5 9.43 11.7 27.1 44.88 72.32 79.88 79.6 87.46
96.53 95.13 89.88 0.029
[0300] A summary of the single dose results for rodent specific
TTR-dsRNAs (TTR siRNAs) are presented below in Table 10. Single
dose results are expressed as % TTR mRNA relative to control,
assayed in rat H.4.II.E cells, after transfection of rodent
specific TTR siRNAs at 10 nM. These results show that some rodent
specific TTR siRNAs are effective in suppressing endogenous rat TTR
mRNA in vitro.
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 10 Single dose results of in vitro screen of
rodent specific TTR-dsRNAs (TTR siRNAs) % Relative to Duplex #
control at 10 nM AD-18529 19.83 AD-18530 44.49 AD-18531 6.01
AD-18532 24.06 AD-18533 37.78 AD-18534 8.19 AD-18535 10.18 AD-18536
16.13 AD-18537 15.88 AD-18538 19.93 AD-18539 49.24 AD-18540 2.99
AD-18541 1.32 AD-18542 6.3 AD-18543 16.46 AD-18544 17.55 AD-18545
3.53 AD-18546 2.75 AD-18547 7.01 AD-18548 5.02 AD-18549 1.61
AD-18550 9.58 AD-18551 7.74 AD-18552 3.74 AD-18553 50.39 AD-18554
111.06
Example 3
In Vitro Assay of TTR siRNAs for Induction of TNF-.alpha. and
IFN-.alpha. Secretion
[0301] To evaluate potential for immunostimulation, TTR siRNAs were
assayed in vitro for induction of TNF-.alpha. and IFN-.alpha.
secretion.
[0302] Human PBMC were isolated from freshly collected buffy coats
obtained from healthy donors (Research Blood Components, Inc.,
Boston, Mass.) by a standard Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation.
Freshly isolated cells (1.times.10.sup.5/well/100 .mu.l) were
seeded in 96-well plates and cultured in RPMI 1640 GlutaMax medium
(Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine
serum and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic (Invitrogen).
[0303] siRNAs were transfected into PBMC using DOTAP transfection
reagent (Roche Applied Science). The DOTAP was first diluted in
Opti-MEM (Invitrogen) for 5 minutes before mixing with an equal
volume of Opti-MEM containing the siRNA. siRNA/DOTAP complexes were
incubated as specified by the manufacturer's instructions and
subsequently added to PBMC (50 .mu.l/well) which were then cultured
for 24 hours. Positive and negative control siRNAs were included in
all assays. AD-5048 was used as a positive control siRNA. AD-5048
corresponds to a sequence that targets human Apolipoprotein B
(Soutschek et al., 2004) and elicits secretion of both IFN-.alpha.
and TNF-.alpha. in this assay. AD-1955, which does not elicit
IFN-.alpha. and TNF-.alpha. secretion in this assay, was used as a
negative control siRNA. All siRNAs were used at a final
concentration of 133 nM. The ratio of RNA to transfection reagent
was 16.5 pmoles per .mu.g of DOTAP.
[0304] Cytokines were detected and quantified in culture
supernatants with a commercially available ELISA kit for
IFN-.alpha. (BMS216INST) and TNF-.alpha. (BMS223INST), both from
Bender MedSystems (Vienna, Austria). TTR siRNA cytokine induction
is expressed as percent IFN-.alpha. or TNF-.alpha. produced
relative to the positive control siRNA AD-5048.
[0305] IFN-.alpha. and TNF-.alpha. stimulation results for a number
of TTR siRNAs are presented in FIG. 1 (mean of quadruplicate
wells.+-.SD) and below in Table 11 (percentage compared with
AD-5048). None of the TTR siRNAs evaluated induced significant
TNF-.alpha. or IFN-.alpha. secretion by cultured human PBMCs.
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 11 IFN-.alpha. and TNF-.alpha. stimulation
results for TTR siRNAs IFN-.alpha. TNF-.alpha. Duplex # (% of
AD-5048) (% of AD-5048) AD-18246 0 4 AD-18258 0 0 AD-18259 0 0
AD-18261 0 0 AD-18263 0 0 AD-18271 0 0 AD-18274 2 1 AD-18275 0 0
AD-18276 0 0 AD-18277 0 0 AD-18285 0 0 AD-18290 0 0 AD-18291 0 0
AD-18292 0 0 AD-18293 0 0 AD-18298 0 0 AD-18299 0 0 AD-18320 0 0
AD-18321 0 0 AD-18323 0 0 AD-18324 0 0 AD-18325 0 0 AD-18326 0 0
AD-18327 0 0 AD-18328 0 0 AD-18330 0 0 AD-18332 1 0 AD-18333 0 1
AD-18334 0 1 AD-18336 1 0 AD-18339 0 0 AD-18340 0 0 AD-18342 0 0
AD-18343 0 0 AD-18345 0 0 AD-18353 0 0 AD-18448 0 0 AD-18456 0 0
AD-18457 0 0 AD-18458 0 0 AD-18459 0 0
[0306] The five lead TTR targeting dsRNAs (TTR siRNAs) were
selected based on IC50s in the pM range in the human hepatocyte
cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B, and the absence of immunostimulatory
activity. Duplexes without any mismatches are more likely to
achieve significant knockdown of the target transcript than
duplexes with mismatches between the oligo and the mRNA. To better
enable interpretation of cross-species toxicology data and to have
the broadest applicability to human patients, duplexes that have
100% identity in orthologous genes from rat, cynomolgus monkey and
human, and that do not target regions with known polymorphisms are
generally preferred. The five lead compounds were selected based on
IC50 in hepatocyte cell lines in the pM range, the absence of
immunostimulatory activity, specificity to the human TTR
transcripts, and absence of known polymorphisms (mutations) in the
region of the mRNA targeted by the duplex. In the case of TTR, no
19 base oligos were found with complete identity in human, rat and
cynomolgus monkey. A summary of these data are presented in Table
12, which also includes information on known TTR mutations in the
region targeted by the duplex and cross-species reactivity.
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 12 Summary of data for five most potent TTR
dsRNAs. IC50 (qPCR): IC50 (bDNA): Mutations Cross-species Duplex #
nM HepG2 nM HepG2 IFNa/TNFa not covered reactivity AD-18258 0.007
0.005 Negative None Cyno: 1 mismatch @ (non-coding position 14 A to
G region) Rat: no homology at any position AD-18274 0.009 0.176
Negative Lys70Asn; Cyno: no mismatch Val71Ala; Rat: no homology at
Ile73Val; any position Asp74His AD-18324 0.002 0.006 Negative None
Cyno: no mismatch (non-coding Rat: no homology at region) any
position AD-18328 0.003 0.004 Negative None Cyno: no mismatch
(non-coding Rat: 7 mismatches region) AD-18339 0.004 0.002 Negative
None None (non-coding region)
Example 4
In Vivo Reduction of Liver TTR mRNA and Plasma TTR Protein by
LNP01-18324, LNP01-18328 and LNP01-18246 in Transgenic Mice
[0307] Two TTR siRNAs, AD-18324 and AD-18328, were chosen for in
vivo evaluation. These duplexes exhibited potent dose-dependent
silencing in vitro in hepatocyte cell lines (e.g. HepG2). FIG. 2A
and FIG. 2B show the dose responses in HepG2 cells after
transfection with AD-18324 (FIG. 2A) or AD-18328 (FIG. 2B) where
the doses are expressed in nM on the x-axis and the responses are
expressed as fraction TTR mRNA remaining relative to control, on
the y-axis. In HepG2 cells, the IC50s of AD-18324 and AD-18328 were
determined to be 2 pM and 3 pM, respectively. The TTR target sites
for both lead dsRNA candidates are in the 3' untranslated region of
the TTR mRNA, in a region where there are no reported mutations in
the literature.
[0308] The sequences of each strand of the two lead candidates are
reproduced below from the Tables. Strand: s=sense; as=antisense;
Position: position of 5' base on transcript NM_000371.2.
TABLE-US-00016 SEQ Duplex Oligo Po- Sequence ID # Strand # sition*
5' to 3' NO: AD-18324 s A-32337 509 GGAuuucAuGuA 1001 AccAAGAdTdT
AD-18324 as A-32338 527 UCUUGGUuAcAU 1002 GAAAUCCdTdT AD-18328 s
A-32345 518 GuAAccAAGAGu 1009 AuuccAudTdT AD-18328 as A-32346 536
AUGGAAuACUCU 1010 UGGUuACdTdT
[0309] In addition, a rodent cross-reactive TTR dsRNA, AD-18246,
was chosen for further evaluation in vivo. AD-18246 targets a
sequence beginning at position 88 of the open reading frame, where
there are three mutations reported in the literature. A dose
response curve for AD-18246 in HepG2 cells is shown in FIG. 3.
AD-18246 is substantially less potent than AD-18324 and AD-18328;
the IC50 of AD-18246 was determined to be 265 pM.
[0310] AD-18324, AD-18328, and AD-18246 were administered to
transgenic mice after formulation in LNP01. 3-5 month old
H129-mTTR-KO/iNOS-KO/hTTR transgenic mice (mouse transthyretin
knock-out/ inducible nitric oxide synthase knock-out/human
transthyretin transgenic) were intravenously (IV) administered 200
.mu.l of LNP01-formulated transthyretin-specific siRNA (AD-18324,
AD-18328, or AD-18246), LNP01-formulated control siRNA targeting
the non-mammalian luciferase gene (AD-1955) or PBS via the tail
vein at concentrations of 1.0 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, or 6.0 mg/kg for
siRNAs AD-18324 and AD-18328, 3.0 mg/kg for siRNA AD-18246, and 6.0
mg/kg for siRNA AD-1955. LNP01 is a lipidoid formulation comprised
of ND98, Cholesterol, and PEG-Ceramide C16.
[0311] After approximately forty-hours, mice were anesthetized with
200 .mu.l of ketamine, and then exsanguinated by severing the right
caudal artery. Whole blood was isolated and plasma was isolated and
stored at -80.degree. C. until assaying. Liver tissue was
collected, flash-frozen and stored at -80.degree. C. until
processing.
[0312] Efficacy of treatment was evaluated by (i) measurement of
TTR mRNA in liver at 48 hours post-dose, and (ii) measurement of
TTR protein in plasma at prebleed and at 48 hours post-dose. TTR
liver mRNA levels were assayed utilizing the Branched DNA
assays-QuantiGene 2.0 (Panomics cat #: QS0011). Briefly, mouse
liver samples were ground and tissue lysates were prepared. Liver
lysis mixture (a mixture of 1 volume of lysis mixture, 2 volume of
nuclease-free water and 10 ul of Proteinase-K/ml for a final
concentration of 20 mg/ml) was incubated at 65.degree. C. for 35
minutes. 20 .mu.l of Working Probe Set (TTR probe for gene target
and GAPDH for endogenous control) and 80 .mu.l of tissue-lysate
were then added into the Capture Plate. Capture Plates were
incubated at 55.degree. C..+-.1.degree. C. (aprx. 16-20 hrs). The
next day, the Capture Plate were washed 3 times with 1.times. Wash
Buffer (nuclease-free water, Buffer Component 1 and Wash Buffer
Component 2), then dried by centrifuging for 1 minute at 240 g. 100
.mu.l of pre-Amplifier Working Reagent was added into the Capture
Plate, which was sealed with aluminum foil and incubated for 1 hour
at 55.degree. C..+-.1.degree. C. Following 1 hour incubation, the
wash step was repeated, then 100 .mu.l of Amplifier Working Reagent
was added. After 1 hour, the wash and dry steps were repeated, and
100 .mu.l of Label Probe was added. Capture plates were incubated
50.degree. C. .+-.1.degree. C. for 1 hour. The plate was then
washed with 1.times. Wash Buffer, dried and 100 .mu.l Substrate was
added into the Capture Plate. Capture Plates were read using the
SpectraMax Luminometer following a 5 to 15 minute incubation. bDNA
data were analyzed by subtracting the average background from each
triplicate sample, averaging the resultant triplicate GAPDH
(control probe) and TTR (experimental probe) values, and then
computing the ratio: (experimental probe-background)/(control
probe-background).
[0313] TTR plasma levels were assayed utilizing the commercially
available kit "AssayMax Human Prealbumin ELISA Kit" (AssayPro, St.
Charles, Mo., Catalog # EP3010-1) according to manufacturer's
guidelines. Briefly, mouse plasma was diluted 1:10,000 in 1.times.
mix diluents and added to pre-coated plates along with kit
standards, and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature followed
by 5.times. washes with kit wash buffer. Fifty microliters of
biotinylated prealbumin antibody was added to each well and
incubated for 1 hr at room temperature, followed by 5.times. washes
with wash buffer. Fifty microliters of streptavidin-peroxidase
conjugate was added to each well and plates were incubated for 30
minutes at room temperature followed by washing as previously
described. The reaction was developed by the addition of 50
.mu.l/well of chromogen substrate and incubation for 10 minutes at
room temperature with stopping of reaction by the addition of 50
.mu.l/well of stop solution. Absorbance at 450 nm was read on a
Versamax microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.)
and data were analyzed utilizing the Softmax 4.6 software package
(Molecular Devices).
[0314] LNP01-18324 and LNP01-18328 were found to reduce liver TTR
mRNA (FIG. 4A) and plasma TTR protein (FIG. 4B) levels in a
dose-dependent manner with IV bolus administration. The mRNA ED50
of LNP01-18328 was determined to be .about.1 mg/kg whereas the ED50
of LNP01-18324 was determined to be .about.2 mg/kg. The effects of
LNP01-18324 and LNP01-18328 were specific, because the control,
LNP01-1955 at 6 mg/kg, did not significantly affect liver TTR mRNA
levels, as compared with the PBS group. LNP01-18324 and LNP01-18328
reduced plasma TTR protein levels relative to the PBS group, with
potencies that were similar to those on TTR mRNA levels. At 3
mg/kg, LNP01-18246 reduced liver TTR mRNA levels to a lessor extent
than 3 mg/kg LNP01-18324 or LNP01-18328.
[0315] These results demonstrate that LNP01-18324 and LNP01-18328,
administered by IV bolus, substantially reduce human TTR mRNA
expressed by the transgenic mouse liver, which results in reduction
of human TTR protein in the circulation.
Example 5
In Vivo Reduction of Wild-Type TTR mRNA in the Non-Human Primate
Liver by SNALP-18324 and SNALP-18328
[0316] To evaluate the efficacy of TTR siRNAs AD-18324 and AD-18328
in non-human primates on liver TTR mRNA levels, the siRNAs were
formulated in SNALP and administered by 15-minute IV infusion.
Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) (2 to 5 kg, 3 animals per
group) were administered 15-minute IV infusions of SNALP-18324
(0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg), SNALP-18328 (0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg), or
SNALP-1955 (3 mg/kg, with negative control siRNA AD-1955 which
targets the non-mammalian gene luciferase). At forty-eight hours
post-dosing, monkeys were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital
and exsanguinated. Liver tissue for TTR mRNA determination was
collected, flash-frozen, and stored at -80.degree. C. until
processing.
[0317] TTR mRNA levels in the liver were assayed utilizing a custom
designed Branched DNA assay, utilizing the QuantiGenel.0
technology. Briefly, monkey liver samples were ground and tissue
lysates were prepared. Liver lysis mixture (1 volume lysis mixture,
2 volume nuclease-free water, and 10 .mu.l of Proteinase-K/ml for a
final concentration of 20 mg/ml) was incubated at 65.degree. C. for
35 minutes. 20 .mu.l Working Probe Set (TTR probe for gene target
and GAPDH for endogenous control) and 80 .mu.l tissue-lysate were
then added into the Capture Plate. Capture Plates were incubated at
55.degree. C..+-.1.degree. C. (approx. 16-20 hrs). The next day,
the Capture Plates were washed three times with 1.times. Wash
Buffer (nuclease-free water, Buffer Component 1 and Wash Buffer
Component 2), then dried by centrifuging for 1 minute at 240 g. 100
.mu.l of pre-Amplifier Working Reagent was added into the Capture
Plate, which was sealed with aluminum foil and incubated for 1 hour
at 55.degree. C..+-.1.degree. C. Following a 1-hour incubation, the
wash step was repeated, and then 100 .mu.l Amplifier Working
Reagent was added. After 1 hour, the wash and dry steps were
repeated, and 100 .mu.l Label Probe was added. Capture plates were
incubated 50.degree. C..+-.1.degree. C. for 1 hour. The plates were
then washed with 1.times. Wash Buffer and dried, and then 100 .mu.l
Substrate was added into the Capture Plate. Capture Plates were
read using the SpectraMax Luminometer following a 5 to 15 minute
incubation. bDNA data were analyzed by (i) subtracting the average
background from each triplicate sample, (ii) averaging the
resultant GAPDH (control probe) and TTR (experimental probe)
values, and then (iii) taking the ratio: (experimental
probe-background)/(control probe-background).
[0318] The results are shown in FIG. 5. SNALP-18324 and SNALP-18328
reduced TTR mRNA levels in the liver in a dose-dependent manner,
compared to the negative control SNALP-1955. The mRNA ED5Os of
SNALP-18328 and SNALP-18324 were determined to be .about.0.3 and
.about.1 mg/kg, respectively.
[0319] These results demonstrate that SNALP-18324 and SNALP-18328
are effective in suppressing wild-type TTR mRNA in non-human
primate liver when administered by IV infusion.
Example 6
In Vivo Reduction of Mutant (V30M) TTR mRNA and Protein by
SNALP-18328 in the Transgenic Mouse
[0320] To evaluate the efficacy of TTR siRNA AD-18328 on mutant
(V30M) TTR mRNA in the liver and mutant (V30M) TTR protein in the
serum, AD-18328 was formulated in SNALP and administered by IV
bolus to V30M hTTR transgenic mice. 8 to 12-week old V30M hTTR
transgenic mice (5 animals/ group) were intravenously (IV)
administered 200 !al SNALP-18328 (0.03, 0.3 or 3 mg/kg), SNALP-1955
(3 mg/kg, with negative control siRNA AD-1955 which targets the
non-mammalian gene luciferase), or PBS. Mice used were the Mus
musculus strain H129-hTTR KO from Institute of Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Porto, Portugal. Briefly, hTTR H129 transgenic
mice were crossed with a H129 endogenous TTR KO mice (null mice to
generate the H129-hTTR transgenic mice, in a null mouse TTR
background (Maeda, S., (2003), Use of genetically altered mice to
study the role of serum amyloid P component in amyloid deposition.
Amyloid Suppl. 1, 17-20.).
[0321] At 48 hrs post-injection, animals in all five treatment
groups were given a lethal dose of ketamine/xylazine. Serum samples
were collected and stored at -80.degree. C. until analysis. Liver
tissue was collected, flash-frozen and stored at -80.degree. C.
until processing.
[0322] For TTR mRNA quantitation, frozen liver tissue was ground
into powder, and lysates were prepared. TTR mRNA levels relative to
those of GAPDH mRNA were determined in the lysates by using a
branched DNA assay (QuantiGene Reagent System, Panomics, Fremont,
Calif.). Briefly, the QuantiGene assay (Genospectra) was used to
quantify mRNA levels in tissue sample lysates according to the
manufacturer's instructions. The mean level of TTR mRNA was
normalized to the mean level of GAPDH mRNA for each sample. Group
means of the normalized values were then further normalized to the
mean value for the PBS treated group, to obtain the relative level
of TTR mRNA expression.
[0323] For TTR protein quantitation, serum was assayed using the
AssayPro (St. Charles, Mo.) Assaymax PreAlbumin ELISA Kit according
to the manufacturer's protocol.
[0324] The results are shown in FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B for liver mRNA
and serum protein, respectively. SNALP-18328 treated V30M hTTR
transgenic mice had a dose-dependent and significant decrease in
liver TTR mRNA levels relative to the PBS control group, reaching a
maximum reduction of 97% (p<0.001) at 3 mg/kg SNALP-18328, and a
50% reduction (ED50) at .about.0.15 mg/kg SNALP-18328. Serum TTR
protein was also suppressed in a dose-dependent manner, with a
maximum reduction of serum TTR protein of 99% (p<0.01) (relative
to pre-dose levels) at 3 mg/kg SNALP-18328, consistent with the
reduction in TTR mRNA levels. SNALP-1955 at 3 mg/kg did not have a
statistically significant effect on either TTR mRNA or protein
levels, compared to PBS.
[0325] These results demonstrate that SNALP-18328, when
administered IV, is active in suppressing mutant V30M TTR mRNA in
the transgenic mouse liver, which results in reduction of mutant
V30M TTR protein in the circulation.
Example 7
Durability of TTR mRNA and Protein Suppression by SNALP-18328 in
the Transgenic Mouse
[0326] To evaluate the durability of TTR mRNA and protein
suppression by SNALP-18328, AD-18328 was formulated in SNALP and
administered by IV bolus to V30M hTTR transgenic mice. At various
timepoints post-dose, liver TTR mRNA levels and serum TTR protein
levels were quantified. 8- to 12-week old V30M hTTR transgenic mice
(4 animals/group) were intravenously (IV) administered 200 .mu.l
SNALP-18328 (1 mg/kg) or SNALP-1955 (1 mg/kg, with negative control
siRNA AD-1955 which targets the non-mammalian gene luciferase).
Mice used were Mus musculus strain H129-hTTR KO from Institute of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Porto, Portugal. Briefly, hTTR H129
transgenic mice were crossed with a H129 endogenous TTR KO mice
(null mice to generate the H129-hTTR transgenic mice, in a null
mouse TTR background (Maeda, S., (2003), Use of genetically altered
mice to study the role of serum amyloid P component in amyloid
deposition. Amyloid Suppl. 1, 17-20). Days 3, 8, 15, or 22
post-dose, animals in both treatment groups were given a lethal
dose of ketamine/xylazine. Serum samples were collected and stored
at -80.degree. C. until analysis. Liver tissue was collected,
flash-frozen and stored at -80.degree. C. until processing.
[0327] For TTR mRNA quantitation, frozen liver tissue was ground
into powder, and lysates were prepared. TTR mRNA levels relative to
those of GAPDH mRNA were determined in the lysates by using a
branched DNA assay (QuantiGene Reagent System, Panomics, Fremont,
Calif.). Briefly, the QuantiGene assay (Genospectra) was used to
quantify mRNA levels in tissue sample lysates according to the
manufacturer's instructions. The mean level of TTR mRNA was
normalized to the mean level of GAPDH mRNA for each sample. Group
means of the normalized values were then further normalized to the
mean value for the PBS treated group, to obtain the relative level
of TTR mRNA expression.
[0328] For TTR protein quantitation, serum was assayed using the
AssayPro (St. Charles, Mo.) Assaymax PreAlbumin ELISA Kit according
to the manufacturer's protocol.
[0329] The results are shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B for liver mRNA
and serum protein, respectively. A single IV bolus administration
of SNALP-18328 in the hTTR V30M transgenic mouse resulted in
durable inhibition of TTR mRNA levels in the liver and TTR protein
levels in the serum. Compared to the control group (1 mg/ml
SNALP-1955), a single IV administration of SNALP-18328 at 1 mg/kg
significantly reduced relative TTR mRNA levels on Days 3, 8, 15 and
22 post-dose by 96% (p<0.001), 90% (p<0.001), 82%
(p<0.001) and 73% (p<0.001), respectively, and did not return
to baseline levels at termination of the study (Day 22 post-dose).
Protein levels also decreased with a maximum reduction of serum TTR
of 97% (p<0.001) (relative to SNALP-1955) at Day 3 post-dose. At
Days 8, 15, and 22 post-dose, TTR protein levels were suppressed by
72% (p<0.05), 32% (p<0.05), and 40% (p<0.001),
respectively, relative to SNALP-1955.
[0330] These results demonstrate that a single IV administration of
SNALP-18328 produces durable suppression of target liver mRNA and
serum protein levels in the V30M hTTR transgenic mouse, with
significant reductions of both liver TTR mRNA and serum TTR protein
at 22 days post-dose.
Example 8
Durability of Serum TTR Protein Suppression by SNALP-18328 in the
Non-Human Primate
[0331] To evaluate the durability of serum TTR protein suppression
by SNALP-18328, AD-18328 was formulated in SNALP and administered
by IV infusion to non-human primates. At various timepoints
post-dose, serum TTR protein levels were quantified.
[0332] Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) (n=5 animals/group
for SNALP-18328 groups and n=3 animals/group for SNALP-1955 and PBS
groups) were administered a 15-minute IV infusion of SNALP-18328
(0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg), SNALP-1955 (3 mg/kg) with negative control
siRNA AD-1955 which targets the non-mammalian gene luciferase), or
PBS. At Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 14 of the dosing phase,
serum samples were collected and stored at -80.degree. C. until
analysis.
[0333] Western blot analysis was used to evaluate TTR protein
levels in serum samples. Serum samples from each group were pooled
and diluted 1:1 with Laemmli sample buffer (.beta.-mercaptoethanol
was added at a 1:20 dilution). The samples were heated at
95.degree. C. for 10 minutes. 12.5 .mu.l of each sample was loaded
in each lane of a 10-20% Criterion (Biorad, Hercules, Calif.) prep
gel and separated by SDS-PAGE at 120V for 1.5 hrs, then transferred
to a nitrocellulose membrane using a semi-dry system at 15V for 1
hour. The membrane was blocked overnight at 4.degree. C. in LiCOR
(Lincoln, Nebr.) blocking buffer diluted 1:1 with 1.times. PBS. The
blot was probed first with primary antibodies (goat anti-TTR from
Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, Calif.) at a dilution of 1:1000 diluted in
LiCOR blocking buffer/PBS on a rocker for 1 hr at room temperature.
Blots were washed 4.times. with PBS+0.2% Tween 20 (10 minutes per
wash). The fluorescent labeled secondary antibodies (anti-goat 680
nm from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.) were added at a dilution of
1:10,000 in LiCOR blocking buffer/PBS and the blot was incubated
for 1 hour at room temperature. After incubation, blots were washed
4.times. with PBS+0.2% Tween 20 followed by one wash with 1.times.
PBS. The Li-COR's Odyssey Infrared Imaging System was used to
detect the protein bands. TTR monomer migrates at 15 kDa.
[0334] The results are shown in FIG. 8. Serum TTR protein levels
showed a dose-dependent reduction with 1 or 3 mg/kg SNALP-18328, as
compared to pre-dose (Day 0) levels. The duration of suppression,
following a single IV administration of SNALP-18328 is at least 14
days after 1 or 3 mg/kg SNALP-18328 treatment.
[0335] These results demonstrate that a single IV administration of
SNALP-18328 produces durable suppression of TTR protein in the
circulation in the non-human primate (Macaca fascicularis), with
significant reduction of TTR protein at 14 days post-dose.
Example 9
In Vivo Reduction of Mutant (V30M) TTR in Peripheral Tissues by
SNALP-18328 in the Transgenic Mouse
[0336] To evaluate the efficacy of SNALP-18328 in reducing TTR in
peripheral tissues, hTTR V30M/HSF-1 knock-out mice were evaluated
with immunohistochemical staining for TTR. Two-month old hTTR
V30M/HSF-1 knock-out mice (Maeda, S., (2003), Use of genetically
altered mice to study the role of serum amyloid P component in
amyloid deposition. Amyloid Suppl. 1, 17-20) were administered an
IV bolus of 3 mg/kg SNALP-18328 (12 animals), 3 mg/kg SNALP-1955
(with negative control siRNA AD-1955 which targets the
non-mammalian gene luciferase, 4 animals), or PBS (4 animals) once
every two weeks for a total of four doses on days 0, 14, 28, and
42. TTR liver mRNA levels and TTR-immunoreactivity in multiple
peripheral tissues were evaluated at 8 weeks post-first dose on day
56.
[0337] Mice were anesthetised with 1 mg/kg medetomidine, and given
a lethal dose of ketamine. Tissues and organs of interest were
collected. For immunohistochemistry, esophagus (E), stomach (S),
intestine (duodenum (I1) and colon (I4)), nerve (N) and dorsal root
ganglia (D) were fixed in neutral buffered formalin and embedded in
paraffin. For TTR detection, rabbit anti-human TTR primary antibody
(1:1000, DAKO, Denmark), and anti-rabbit biotin-conjugated
secondary antibody (1:20 Sigma, USA) were followed by extravidin
labelling (1:20, Sigma, USA) in order to stain for the TTR protein.
The reaction was developed with 3-amino-9-ethyl carbaxole, AEC
(Sigma, USA). Semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical
slides was performed using Scion image quant program that measures
the area occupied by the substrate reaction color and normalizes
this value to the total image area. Mean values of % occupied area
are displayed with the corresponding standard deviation. Each
animal tissue was evaluated in four different areas. The presence
of human TTR in parasympathetic ganglia of the stomach and
intestine was studied by double immunofluorescent staining with
rabbit anti-human TTR (1:1000, DAKO, Denmark) and mouse anti-PGP9.5
(1:40, Serotec, USA) as the primary antibodies; secondary
antibodies were, respectively: anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488
(Molecular probes, UK)and goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 568
(Molecular probes, UK). Slides were mounted with vectashield
(Vector) and visualized in a Zeiss Cell Observer System microscope
(Carl Zeiss, Germany) equipped with filters for FITC and
rhodamine.
[0338] The results are graphed in FIG. 9. In contrast with PBS and
SNALP-1955 treated animals, SNALP-18328 treated animals had a
significant reduction of TTR-immunoreactivity in all tissues
examined (esophagus (E), stomach (S), intestine (duodenum (I1) and
colon (I4)), nerve (N) and dorsal root ganglia (D).
[0339] These results demonstrate that SNALP-18328 administration to
hTTR V30M/HSF-1 knock-out mice causes a significant reduction of
TTR protein in peripheral tissues and organs, including esophagus,
stomach, intestine (duodenum and colon), nerve, and dorsal root
ganglion.
Example 10
In Vivo Reduction of Wild-Type TTR mRNA in the Non-Human Primate
Liver by XTC-SNALP-18328
[0340] To evaluate the efficacy of the novel lipid nanoparticle
formulation XTC-SNALP for delivery of siRNA in non-human primate,
TTR siRNA AD-18328 was formulated in XTC-SNALP (XTC-SNALP-18328)
and administered by 15-minute IV infusion, and liver TTR mRNA was
quantified. Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were
administered 15-minute IV infusions of XTC-SNALP-18328 (0.03, 0.1,
0.3 or 1 mg/kg) or XTC-SNALP-1955 (1 mg/kg, with negative control
siRNA AD-1955 which targets the non-mammalian gene luciferase). At
forty-eight hours post-dosing, monkeys were anesthetized with
sodium pentobarbital and exsanguinated. Liver tissue for TTR mRNA
determination was collected, flash-frozen, and stored at
-80.degree. C. until processing. Methods used for TTR mRNA
quantitation in liver tissue were similar to those described in
Example 5 above.
[0341] The results are shown in FIG. 10. XTC-SNALP -18328 reduced
TTR mRNA levels in the liver in a dose-dependent manner, compared
to the negative control XTC-SNALP -1955. The mRNA ED50 was
determined to be .about.0.1 mg/kg XTC-SNALP -18328.
[0342] These results demonstrate that XTC-SNALP-18328 is effective
in suppressing wild-type TTR mRNA in non-human primate liver when
administered by IV infusion.
Example 11
In Vivo Reduction of Wild-Type TTR mRNA in the Non-Human Primate
Liver by LNP09-18328 and LNP11-18328
[0343] To evaluate the efficacy of two novel lipid nanoparticle
formulations, LNP09 and LNP11, for delivery of siRNA in non-human
primate, TTR siRNA AD-18328 was formulated in LNP09 (LNP09-18328)
or LNP11 (LNP11-18328), and administered by 15-minute IV infusion,
and liver TTR mRNA and serum TTR protein levels were assayed.
Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were administered
15-minute IV infusions of LNP09-18328 (0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg),
LNP11-18328 (0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg), or PBS. Liver biopsy samples
were collected at 48 hrs post-dosing, flash-frozen, and stored at
-80.degree. C. until processing. Serum was collected before dosing
(pre-bleed), and on Days 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-dosing and
stored at -80.degree. C. until processing. Methods used for TTR
mRNA quantitation in liver tissue and serum TTR protein evaluation
were similar to those described in Examples 5 and 8 above.
[0344] The results are shown in FIG. 11A for mRNA, and in FIG. 11B
and FIG. 11C for protein. LNP09-18328 and LNP11-18328 treated
animals showed a dose-dependent decrease in TTR mRNA levels in the
liver, reaching a maximum reduction at 0.3 mg/kg of .about.85%
(LNP09-18328) and .about.90% (LNP11-18328) mRNA relative to the PBS
control. The mRNA ED50 was determined to be .about.0.02 mg/kg for
both LNP09-18328 and LNP11-18328. At Day 7 post-dosing, serum
samples also exhibited a dose-dependent reduction of TTR protein
for 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg LNP09-18328 and LNP11-18328, compared to PBS
control levels. FIG. 11C shows a decrease in TTR protein levels
with a 0.3 mg/kg dose of LNP09-18328 that persisted over at least
28 days post-dosing, as compared to the PBS control group and as
compared with the pre-bleed samples.
[0345] These results demonstrate that LNP09-18328 and LNP11-18328
are effective in suppressing wild-type TTR mRNA in non-human
primate liver and wild-type TTR protein in the circulation, when
administered by IV infusion. Furthermore, the suppression with
LN09-18328 is durable, persisting for at least 28 days following
the IV infusion.
Example 12
Synthesis of TTR Tiled Sequences
[0346] A set of TTR duplexes ("tiled duplexes")were designed that
targeted the TTR gene near the target region of AD-18328, which
targets the human TTR gene starting at nucleotide 628 of
NM_000371.3.
[0347] In the examples below, the numbering representing the
position of the 5' base of an siRNA on the transcript is based on
NM_000371.3 (FIG. 12; SEQ ID NO:1331). In the examples shown above,
the numbering for siRNA targeting human siRNA was based on
NM_000371.2 (FIG. 13A). NM_000371.3 extends the sequence of the 5'
UTR by 110 bases compared to NM_000371.2, as shown in FIG. 14.
Thus, as an example, the starting position of AD-18328 is 628 on
NM_000371.3 and 518 on NM_000371.2 (FIG. 14).
[0348] TTR tiled sequences were synthesized on MerMade 192
synthesizer at lumol scale. For all the sequences in the list,
`endolight` chemistry was applied as detailed below. [0349] All
pyrimidines (cytosine and uridine) in the sense strand contained
2'-O-Methyl bases (2' O-Methyl C and 2'-O-Methyl U) [0350] In the
antisense strand, pyrimidines adjacent to(towards 5' position) ribo
A nucleoside were replaced with their corresponding 2-O-Methyl
nucleosides [0351] A two base dTdT extension at 3' end of both
sense and anti sense sequences was introduced [0352] The sequence
file was converted to a text file to make it compatible for loading
in the MerMade 192 synthesis software
[0353] Synthesis, Cleavage and Deprotection:
[0354] The synthesis of TTR sequences used solid supported
oligonucleotide synthesis using phosphoramidite chemistry. The
synthesis of the sequences was performed at lum scale in 96 well
plates. The amidite solutions were prepared at 0.1M concentration
and ethyl thio tetrazole (0.6M in Acetonitrile) was used as
activator. The synthesized sequences were cleaved and deprotected
in 96 well plates, using methylamine in the first step and fluoride
reagent in the second step. The crude sequences were precipitated
using acetone: ethanol (80:20) mix and the pellet were re-suspended
in 0.2M sodium acetate buffer. Samples from each sequence were
analyzed by LC-MS to confirm the identity, UV for quantification
and a selected set of samples by IEX chromatography to determine
purity.
[0355] Purification and Desalting:
[0356] TTR tiled sequences were purified on AKTA explorer
purification system using Source 15Q column. A column temperature
of 65 C was maintained during purification. Sample injection and
collection was performed in 96 well (1.8 mL -deep well) plates. A
single peak corresponding to the full length sequence was collected
in the eluent. The purified sequences were desalted on a Sephadex
G25 column using AKTA purifier. The desalted TTR sequences were
analyzed for concentration (by UV measurement at A260) and purity
(by ion exchange HPLC). The single strands were then submitted for
annealing.
[0357] TTR Single Strands and Duplexes:
[0358] A detailed list of TTR tiled duplexes and corresponding
single strands (sense and antisense) are shown in the table below
(Table 13).
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 13 TTR tiled duplexes and corresponding single
strands Strand: s = sense; as = antisense; Position: position of 5'
base on transcript (NM_000371.3, SEQ ID NO: 1331). SEQ Duplex #
Position Oligo # Strand Sequence (5' to 3'') ID NO: AD-18323 618
A-32335 S GGGAuuucAuGuAAccAAGdTdT 1332 A-32336 AS
CUUGGUuAcAUGAAAUCCCdTdT 1333 AD-18324 619 A-32337 S
GGAuuucAuGuAAccAAGAdTdT 1334 A-32338 AS UCUUGGUuAcAUGAAAUCCdTdT
1335 AD-23000 620 A-42927 S GAuuucAuGuAAccAAGAGdTdT 1336 A-42928 AS
CUCUUGGUuAcAUGAAAUCdTdT 1337 AD-23001 621 A-42929 S
AuuucAuGuAAccAAGAGudTdT 1338 A-42930 AS ACUCUUGGUuAcAUGAAAUdTdT
1339 AD-23002 622 A-42931 S uuucAuGuAAccAAGAGuAdTdT 1340 A-42932 AS
uACUCUUGGUuAcAUGAAAdTdT 1341 AD-23003 623 A-42933 S
uucAuGuAAccAAGAGuAudTdT 1342 A-42934 AS AuACUCUUGGUuAcAUGAAdTdT
1343 AD-18325 624 A-32339 S ucAuGuAAccAAGAGuAuudTdT 1344 A-32340 AS
AAuACUCUUGGUuAcAUGAdTdT 1345 AD-23004 625 A-42935 S
cAuGuAAccAAGAGuAuucdTdT 1346 A-42936 AS GAAuACUCUUGGUuAcAUGdTdT
1347 AD-18326 626 A-32341 S AuGuAAccAAGAGuAuuccdTdT 1348 A-32342 AS
GGAAuACUCUUGGUuAcAUdTdT 1349 AD-18327 627 A-32343 S
uGuAAccAAGAGuAuuccAdTdT 1350 A-32344 AS UGGAAuACUCUUGGUuAcAdTdT
1351 AD-23005 628 A-42937 S uAAccAAGAGuAuuccAuudTdT 1352 A-42938 AS
AAUGGAAuACUCUUGGUuAdTdT 1353 AD-23006 629 A-42939 S
AAccAAGAGuAuuccAuuudTdT 1354 A-42940 AS AAAUGGAAuACUCUUGGUUdTdT
1355 AD-23007 631 A-42941 S AccAAGAGuAuuccAuuuudTdT 1356 A-42942 AS
AAAAUGGAAuACUCUUGGUdTdT 1357 AD-23008 632 A-42943 S
ccAAGAGuAuuccAuuuuudTdT 1358 A-42944 AS AAAAAUGGAAuACUCUUGGdTdT
1359 AD-23009 633 A-42945 S cAAGAGuAuuccAuuuuuAdTdT 1360 A-42946 AS
uAAAAAUGGAAuACUCUUGdTdT 1361 AD-23010 634 A-42947 S
AAGAGuAuuccAuuuuuAcdTdT 1362 A-42948 AS GuAAAAAUGGAAuACUCUUdTdT
1363 AD-23011 635 A-42949 S AGAGuAuuccAuuuuuAcudTdT 1364 A-42950 AS
AGuAAAAAUGGAAuACUCUdTdT 1365 AD-23012 636 A-42951 S
GAGuAuuccAuuuuuAcuAdTdT 1366 A-42952 AS uAGuAAAAAUGGAAuACUCdTdT
1367 AD-23013 637 A-42953 S AGuAuuccAuuuuuAcuAAdTdT 1368 A-42954 AS
UuAGuAAAAAUGGAAuACUdTdT 1369 AD-23014 638 A-42955 S
GuAuuccAuuuuuAcuAAAdTdT 1370 A-42956 AS UUuAGuAAAAAUGGAAuACdTdT
1371 AD-23015 639 A-42957 S uAuuccAuuuuuAcuAAAGdTdT 1372 A-42958 AS
CUUuAGuAAAAAUGGAAuAdTdT 1373 AD-23016 640 A-42959 S
AuuccAuuuuuAcuAAAGcdTdT 1374 A-42960 AS GCUUuAGuAAAAAUGGAAUdTdT
1375 AD-23017 641 A-42961 S uuccAuuuuuAcuAAAGcAdTdT 1376 A-42962 AS
UGCUUuAGuAAAAAUGGAAdTdT 1377 AD-23018 642 A-42963 S
uccAuuuuuAcuAAAGcAGdTdT 1378 A-42964 AS CUGCUUuAGuAAAAAUGGAdTdT
1379 AD-23019 643 A-42965 S ccAuuuuuAcuAAAGcAGudTdT 1380 A-42966 AS
ACUGCUUuAGuAAAAAUGGdTdT 1381 AD-23020 644 A-42967 S
cAuuuuuAcuAAAGcAGuGdTdT 1382 A-42968 AS cACUGCUUuAGuAAAAAUGdTdT
1383 AD-23021 645 A-42969 S AuuuuuAcuAAAGcAGuGudTdT 1384 A-42970 AS
AcACUGCUUuAGuAAAAAUdTdT 1385 AD-23022 646 A-42971 S
uuuuuAcuAAAGcAGuGuudTdT 1386 A-42972 AS AAcACUGCUUuAGuAAAAAdTdT
1387 AD-23023 647 A-42973 S uuuuAcuAAAGcAGuGuuudTdT 1388 A-42974 AS
AAAcACUGCUUuAGuAAAAdTdT 1389 AD-23024 648 A-42975 S
uuuAcuAAAGcAGuGuuuudTdT 1390 A-42976 AS AAAAcACUGCUUuAGuAAAdTdT
1391 AD-23025 649 A-42977 S uuAcuAAAGcAGuGuuuucdTdT 1392 A-42978 AS
GAAAAcACUGCUUuAGuAAdTdT 1393 AD-23026 650 A-42979 S
uAcuAAAGcAGuGuuuucAdTdT 1394 A-42980 AS UGAAAAcACUGCUUuAGuAdTdT
1395 AD-23027 651 A-42981 S AcuAAAGcAGuGuuuucAcdTdT 1396 A-42982 AS
GUGAAAAcACUGCUUuAGUdTdT 1397 AD-23028 652 A-42983 S
cuAAAGcAGuGuuuucAccdTdT 1398 A-42984 AS GGUGAAAAcACUGCUUuAGdTdT
1399 AD-18330 653 A-32349 S uAAAGcAGuGuuuucAccudTdT 1400 A-32350 AS
AGGUGAAAAcACUGCUUuAdTdT 1401 AD-23029 654 A-42985 S
AAAGcAGuGuuuucAccucdTdT 1402 A-42986 AS GAGGUGAAAAcACUGCUUUdTdT
1403 AD-23030 655 A-42987 S AAGcAGuGuuuucAccucAdTdT 1404 A-42988 AS
UGAGGUGAAAAcACUGCUUdTdT 1405 AD-23031 656 A-42989 S
AGcAGuGuuuucAccucAudTdT 1406 A-42990 AS AUGAGGUGAAAAcACUGCUdTdT
1407 AD-18328 628 A-32345 S GuAAccAAGAGuAuuccAudTdT 1408 A-32346 AS
AUGGAAuACUCUUGGUuACdTdT 1409
Example 13
In Vitro Screening of TTR Tiled siRNAs
[0359] Tiled TTR duplexes were assayed in Hep3B cells for
inhibition of endogenous TTR expression using real time PCR
assays.
[0360] Cell culture and transfection: Hep3B cells (ATCC, Manassas,
Va.) were grown to near confluence at 37.degree. C. in an
atmosphere of 5% CO2 in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM,
ATCC) supplemented with 10% FBS, streptomycin, and glutamine (ATCC)
before being released from the plate by trypsinization. Reverse
transfection was carried out by adding 5 .mu.l of Opti-MEM to 5
.mu.l of each siRNA in individual wells of a 96-well plate. To this
10 .mu.l of Opti-MEM plus 0.2 .mu.l of Lipofectamine RNAiMax was
added per well (Invitrogen, Carlsbad Calif. cat #13778-150) and the
mixture was incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. 80 .mu.l
of complete growth media described above, but without antibiotic
containing 2.0.times.10.sup.4 Hep3B cells were then added. Cells
were incubated for 24 hours prior to RNA purification. Experiments
were performed at 0.1 or 10 nM final duplex concentration.
[0361] Total RNA isolation using MagMAX-96 Total RNA Isolation Kit
(Applied Biosystems, Foster City Calif., part #: AM1830): Cells
were harvested and lysed in 140 .mu.l of Lysis/Binding Solution
then mixed for 1 minute at 850 rpm using and Eppendorf Thermomixer
(the mixing speed was the same throughout the process). Twenty
micro liters of magnetic beads and Lysis/Binding Enhancer mixture
were added into cell-lysate and mixed for 5 minutes. Magnetic beads
were captured using magnetic stand and the supernatant was removed
without disturbing the beads. After removing supernatant, magnetic
beads were washed with Wash Solution 1 (isopropanol added) and
mixed for 1 minute. Beads were capture again and supernatant
removed. Beads were then washed with 150 .mu.l Wash Solution 2
(Ethanol added), captured and supernatant was removed. 50 .mu.l of
DNase mixture (MagMax turbo DNase Buffer and Turbo DNase) was then
added to the beads and they were mixed for 10 to 15 minutes. After
mixing, 100 .mu.l of RNA Rebinding Solution was added and mixed for
3 minutes. Supernatant was removed and magnetic beads were washed
again with 150 .mu.l Wash Solution 2 and mixed for 1 minute and
supernatant was removed completely. The magnetic beads were mixed
for 2 minutes to dry before RNA was eluted with 50 .mu.l of
water.
[0362] cDNA synthesis using ABI High capacity cDNA reverse
transcription kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., Cat
#4368813): A master mix of 2 .mu.l 10.times. Buffer, 0.8 .mu.l
25.times. dNTPs, 2 .mu.l Random primers, 1 .mu.l Reverse
Transcriptase, 1 .mu.l RNase inhibitor and 3.2 .mu.l of H2O per
reaction were added into 10 .mu.l total RNA. cDNA was generated
using a Bio-Rad C-1000 or S-1000 thermal cycler (Hercules, Calif.)
through the following steps: 25.degree. C. 10 min, 37.degree. C.
120 min, 85.degree. C. 5 sec, 4.degree. C. hold.
[0363] Real time PCR: 2 .mu.l of cDNA were added to a master mix
containing 0.5 .mu.l GAPDH TaqMan Probe (Applied Biosystems Cat
#4326317E), 0.5 .mu.l TTR TaqMan probe (Applied Biosystems cat
#HS00174914 M1) and 10 .mu.l Roche Probes Master Mix (Roche Cat #
04887301001) per well in a LightCycler 480 384 well plate (Roche
cat # 0472974001). Real time PCR was done in a LightCycler 480 Real
Time PCR machine (Roche). Each duplex was tested in two independent
transfections and each transfection was assayed in duplicate.
[0364] Real time data were analyzed using the MCt method. Each
sample was normalized to GAPDH expression and knockdown was
assessed relative to cells transfected with the non-targeting
duplex AD-1955. Table 14 shows the knockdown of TTR using the
siRNAs. Data are expressed as the percent of message remaining
relative to cells targeted with AD-1955.
[0365] Many but not all tiled TTR-dsRNAs, targeting TTR near the
target of AD-18328, reduced TTR mRNA by at least 70% when
transfected into Hep3B cells at 0.1 nM.
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 14 Inhibition of TTR by tiled dsRNA targeting
TTR near target of AD-18328. % message % SD % message % SD Duplex #
remaining 0.1 nM 0.1 nM remaining 10 nM 10 nM AD-18323 6.7 1.90 1.7
0.02 AD-18324 1.8 0.58 0.9 0.10 AD-23000 5.5 0.93 2.1 0.87 AD-23001
15.2 4.89 4.9 1.74 AD-23002 3.1 1.12 1.4 0.55 AD-23003 17.3 3.13
1.7 0.06 AD-18325 1.5 0.27 1.4 0.66 AD-23004 9.0 0.15 10.5 0.96
AD-18326 22.0 1.85 7.6 0.78 AD-18327 11.6 2.64 9.6 1.67 AD-18328
1.1 0.70 0.6 0.16 AD-23005 0.8 0.31 0.6 0.21 AD-23006 1.5 0.46 1.2
0.43 AD-23007 2.4 0.91 1.9 0.46 AD-23008 0.6 0.10 0.8 0.26 AD-23009
1.0 0.13 0.9 0.22 AD-23010 60.1 15.66 66.2 22.71 AD-23011 56.5
16.99 53.6 4.70 AD-23012 7.7 2.36 7.7 3.25 AD-23013 7.0 0.64 8.0
1.06 AD-23014 0.7 0.01 0.6 0.10 AD-23015 15.4 0.25 16.5 7.07
AD-23016 27.1 0.37 6.7 1.80 AD-23017 4.5 1.26 1.4 0.40 AD-23018
44.6 9.45 7.5 1.09 AD-23019 2.2 0.68 0.8 0.10 AD-23020 52.7 6.45
29.7 1.17 AD-23021 95.4 16.16 45.0 3.00 AD-23022 70.1 3.01 60.8
12.11 AD-23023 2.7 1.12 1.8 0.07 AD-23024 1.7 0.30 1.8 0.33
AD-23025 64.2 13.21 10.5 1.34 AD-23026 1.9 0.15 1.9 0.78 AD-23027
2.5 0.21 1.6 0.49 AD-23028 6.7 4.41 1.2 0.50 AD-18330 6.0 0.56 5.7
1.15 AD-23029 4.5 0.47 1.6 0.10 AD-23030 3.9 0.25 3.3 0.84 AD-23031
3.4 0.78 1.7 0.02
Example 14
Evaluation of Infusion Duration on Efficacy of a Single Intravenous
Administration of SNALP-18534 in Sprague-Dawley Rats
[0366] Objectives
[0367] To determine the effect of infusion duration on efficacy of
a single IV infusion of SNALP-18534 on liver TTR mRNA levels in
Sprague-Dawley rats.
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 15 Abbreviations and definitions used
SNALP-18534 Rodent transthyretin specific siRNA formulated in SNALP
SNALP-1955 Non-mammalian luciferase specific siRNA formulated in
SNALP
[0368] The sequences of the sense and antisense strands of AD-18534
are reproduced below from the tables above:
TABLE-US-00020 SEQ Oligo Po- Sequence ID Strand # sition 5' to 3'
NO: s A-32755 532 cAGuGuucuuGcucuAuAAdTdT 1289 as A-32756 550
UuAuAGAGcAAGAAcACUGdTdT 1290
[0369] Study Materials
[0370] Test Article(s)
[0371] SNALP-18534 is comprised of an siRNA targeting rodent TTR
mRNA (AD-18534), formulated in stable nucleic acid lipid particles
(SNALP) for delivery to target tissues. The SNALP formulation
(lipid particle) consists of a novel aminolipid (DLinDMA), a
PEGylated lipid (mPEG2000-C-DMA), a neutral lipid (DPPC) and
cholesterol. The ratio of lipid:nucleic acid in the SNALP
formulation is approximately 5.8:1 (w:w). SNALP-1955 contains an
siRNA targeting the non-mammalian luciferase mRNA, is formulated
with the identical lipid particle as SNALP-18534, and serves as a
non-pharmacologically active control. Dose levels are expressed as
mg/kg based on the weight of siRNA content.
[0372] Study Design & Procedures
[0373] Animals and Test Article Administration:
[0374] The study was comprised of 9 groups of Sprague-Dawley rats
(4 males/ group). The animals were allowed to have at least a 2 day
acclimation period before the study and all animals were 7 weeks
old at the initiation of dosing. The dose administered was
calculated based upon body weight data collected prior to dosing on
Day 1. The test and control articles were administered as a single
15-minute, 1-hour, 2-hour, or 3-hour IV infusion via the tail vein
using a 24G3/4'' cannula sealed with a Baxter Injection Site septum
connected via 27G Terumo butterfly needle to a Baxter AS40A Syringe
Pump. The dose volume was 3 ml/kg, the infusion rate was 12
ml/kg/hr, and animals were freely moving in the cages during
dosing. Rats were divided into nine treatment groups and
administered a single IV infusion of SNALP-18534, SNALP-1955, or
PBS as shown in Table 16:
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 16 Test Animal Dosage Groups Group N Test
Article Infusion Duration Dose A 4 PBS 15 minute -- B 4 PBS 3 hour
-- C 4 SNALP -1955 1 hour 1 mg/kg D 4 SNALP -1955 2 hour 1 mg/kg E
4 SNALP -1955 3 hour 1 mg/kg F 4 SNALP-18534 15 minute 1 mg/kg G 4
SNALP-18534 1 hour 1 mg/kg H 4 SNALP-18534 2 hour 1 mg/kg I 4
SNALP-18534 3 hour 1 mg/kg
[0375] Tissue Collection and RNA Isolation:
[0376] On Day 0, animals were anesthetized by isofluorane
inhalation and pre-dosing blood samples were collected into serum
separator tubes by retro-orbital bleed. The blood samples were
allowed to clot at room temperature for approximately 30 minutes
prior to centrifugation at 4.degree. C. Serum samples were then
stored at -80.degree. C. until analysis was performed. On Day 3,
animals in all nine treatment groups were given a lethal dose of
ketamine/xylazine. Blood was collected via caudal vena cava into
serum separation tubes, and then allowed to clot at room
temperature for approximately 30 minutes prior to centrifugation at
4.degree. C. Serum samples were stored at -80.degree. C. until
analysis was performed. Liver tissue was harvested and snap frozen
on dry ice. Frozen liver tissue was ground and tissue lysates were
prepared for liver mRNA quantitation.
[0377] TTR mRNA Quantitation:
[0378] TTR mRNA levels relative to those of GAPDH mRNA were
determined in the lysates by using a branched DNA assay (QuantiGene
Reagent System, Panomics, Fremont, Calif.). Briefly, the QuantiGene
assay (Genospectra) was used to quantify mRNA levels in tissue
sample lysates according to the manufacturer's instructions. The
mean level of TTR mRNA was normalized to the mean level of GAPDH
mRNA for each sample.
[0379] To obtain the relative level of TTR mRNA expression, group
mean values for SNALP-1955 and SNALP-18534 treated groups with
15-minute, 1 hour and 2 hour infusion durations were then
normalized to the mean value for the PBS treated group with
15-minute infusion whereas group mean values for SNALP-1955 and
SNALP-18534 treated groups with 3 hour infusion duration were then
normalized to the mean value for the PBS treated group with 3 hour
infusion duration.
[0380] Results
[0381] As shown in FIG. 16, a single IV infusion of 1 mg/kg
SNALP-18534 with different infusion durations of 15 minutes to 3
hours results in comparable inhibition of liver TTR mRNA levels
measured two days after dosing. A single IV infusion of 1 mg/kg
SNALP-18534 also showed durable TTR downregulation over 29 days
following a single 15 minute IV infusion, as compared to SNALP-1955
control (data not shown). Compared to the PBS-treated group, a
single 15-minute, 1-hour, 2-hour, or 3-hour IV infusion of
SNALP-18534 at 1 mg/kg significantly reduced relative TTR mRNA
expression levels by 94% (p<0.001), 94% (p<0.001), 92%
(p<0.001) and 93% (p<0.001), respectively. Specificity of
SNALP-18534 activity is demonstrated by lack of significant target
inhibition by SNALP-1955 administration via 1-hour, 2-hour, or
3-hour IV infusion at the same dose level.
[0382] Conclusions
[0383] This study demonstrates that varying the infusion duration
from 15 minutes to up to 3 hours does not affect the efficacy of a
single IV administration of 1 mg/kg SNALP-18534 in rats, as
assessed by reduction of TTR mRNA levels in the liver.
Example 15
In Vivo Reduction of Wild-Type TTR mRNA in the Rat Liver by
LNP07-18534 and LNP08-18534
[0384] To evaluate the efficacy of 2 novel lipid nanoparticle
formulations, LNP07 and LNP08, for delivery of siRNA in the rat,
the rodent-specific TTR siRNA, AD-18534, was formulated in LNP07
(LNP07-18534) or LNP08 (LNP08-18534), and administered by 15-minute
IV infusion, and liver TTR mRNA was quantified. Sprague-Dawley rats
(4 animals per group) were administered 15-minute IV infusions of
LNP07-18534 (0.03, 0.1, 0.3 or 1 mg/kg), LNP08-18534 (0.01, 0.03 or
0.1 mg/kg), or LNP07-1955 (1 mg/kg) or LNP08-1955 (0.1 mg/kg)
containing the negative control siRNA AD-1955 which targets the
non-mammalian gene luciferase. Forty-eight hours later, animals
were euthanized and liver tissue was collected, flash-frozen and
stored at -80.degree. C. until processing.
[0385] For TTR mRNA quantitation, frozen liver tissue was ground
into powder, and lysates were prepared. TTR mRNA levels relative to
those of GAPDH mRNA were determined in the lysates by using a
branched DNA assay (QuantiGene Reagent System, Panomics, Fremont,
Calif.). Briefly, the QuantiGene assay (Genospectra) was used to
quantify mRNA levels in tissue sample lysates according to the
manufacturer's instructions. The mean level of TTR mRNA was
normalized to the mean level of GAPDH mRNA for each sample. Group
means of the normalized values were then further normalized to the
mean value for the PBS treated group, to obtain the relative level
of TTR mRNA expression.
[0386] The results are shown in FIG. 17. LNP07-18534 reduced TTR
mRNA levels in the liver in a dose-dependent manner, with 94%
suppression of TTR mRNA at 1 mg/kg. The effect was specific, since
the negative control LNP07-1955 at 1 mg/kg did not significantly
affect TTR mRNA levels compared to the PBS control. The mRNA ED50
was determined to be .about.0.05 mg/kg LNP07-18534. LNP08-18534
reduced TTR mRNA levels in the liver in a dose-dependent manner,
with 86% suppression of TTR mRNA at 0.1 mg/kg. The effect was
specific, since the negative control LNP08-1955 at 0.1 mg/kg did
not significantly affect TTR mRNA levels compared to the PBS
control. The mRNA ED50 was determined to be .about.0.02 mg/kg
LNP08-18534.
[0387] These results demonstrate that LNP07-18534 and LNP08-18534
are effective in suppressing wild-type TTR mRNA in the rat liver
when administered by IV infusion, and that LNP07 and LNP08 are
effective formulations for delivering siRNA to the liver.
Example 16
Reduction of TTR Liver mRNA by a Single Intravenous Administration
of LNP09-18534 or LNP11-18534 in Sprague-Dawley Rats
[0388] Objective:
[0389] To evaluate the efficacy of two novel lipid nanoparticle
(LNP) formulations for delivery of the rodent TTR-specific siRNA,
AD-18534 in the Sprague-Dawley rat for reducing endogenous (wild
type) liver TTR mRNA levels. Rats were intravenously dosed via a 15
minute infusion with either 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg
LNP09-18534, LNP11-18534, or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and
TTR liver mRNA levels were assayed at 48 hrs post-treatment.
[0390] Material and Methods:
[0391] LNP09 formulation:
(XTC/DSPC/Chol/PEG.sub.2000-C14)=50/10/38.5/1.5 mol %; Lipid:siRNA
.about.11:1. LNP11 formulation:
(MC3/DSPC/Chol/PEG.sub.2000-C14)=50/10/38.5/1.5 mol %; Lipid:siRNA
.about.11.1
[0392] Tissue collection and RNA isolation: On Day 3, animals in
all treatment groups were given a lethal dose of ketamine/xylazine.
Blood was collected via caudal vena cava into serum separation
tubes, and then allowed to clot at room temperature for
approximately 30 minutes prior to centrifugation at 4.degree. C.
Serum samples were stored at -80.degree. C. until for future
analysis. Liver tissues were harvested and snap frozen on dry ice.
Frozen liver tissue was ground and tissue lysates were prepared for
liver mRNA quantitation.
[0393] TTR mRNA Quantitation: TTR mRNA levels relative to those of
GAPDH mRNA were determined in the lysates by using a branched DNA
assay (QuantiGene Reagent System, Panomics, Fremont, Calif.).
Briefly, the QuantiGene assay (Genospectra) was used to quantify
mRNA levels in tissue sample lysates according to the
manufacturer's instructions. The mean level of TTR mRNA was
normalized to the mean level of GAPDH mRNA for each sample. Group
mean values were then normalized to the mean value for the PBS
treated group, to obtain the relative level of TTR mRNA
expression.
[0394] Results:
[0395] As shown in FIG. 18, in contrast with PBS treated animals,
LNP09-18534 and LNP11-18534 treated animals had a significant
dose-dependent decrease in TTR mRNA levels in the liver, reaching
maximum reduction of .about.90% mRNA reduction for both LNP09 and
LNP11 formulated groups, relative to PBC control group at 0.3
mg/kg, and a dose achieving 50% reduction (ED.sub.50) of <0.03
mg/kg for LNP11-18534 and <0.1 mg/kg for LNP09-18534.
[0396] Conclusions
[0397] This study demonstrates that a single 15 minute IV infusion
of LNP09-18534 or LNP11-18534 in Sprague-Dawley rats results in a
dose-dependent reduction of liver TTR mRNA. These data demonstrate
the efficacy of LNP09-18328 and LNP11-18328 in reducing
endogenously expressed (wild type) TTR mRNA with ED50 levels of
<0.03 and <0.1 mg/kg for LNP11-18534 and LNP09-18534,
respectively.
Example 17
Inhibition of TTR in Humans
[0398] A human subject is treated with a dsRNA targeted to a TTR
gene to inhibit expression of the TTR gene to treat a
condition.
[0399] A subject in need of treatment is selected or identified.
The subject can have a liver disorder, transthyretin amyloidosis,
and/or a transplanted liver.
[0400] The identification of the subject can occur in a clinical
setting, or elsewhere, e.g., in the subject's home through the
subject's own use of a self-testing kit.
[0401] At time zero, a suitable first dose of an anti-TTR siRNA is
administered to the subject. The dsRNA is formulated as described
herein. After a period of time following the first dose, e.g., 7
days, 14 days, and 21 days, the subject's condition is evaluated,
e.g., by measuring liver function. This measurement can be
accompanied by a measurement of TTR expression in said subject,
and/or the products of the successful siRNA-targeting of TTR mRNA.
Other relevant criteria can also be measured. The number and
strength of doses are adjusted according to the subject's
needs.
[0402] After treatment, the subject's tumor growth rate is lowered
relative to the rate existing prior to the treatment, or relative
to the rate measured in a similarly afflicted but untreated
subject.
Sequence CWU 1
1
1410119RNAHomo sapiens 1ccggugaauc caagugucc 19219RNAHomo sapiens
2ggacacuugg auucaccgg 19319RNAHomo sapiens 3acucauucuu ggcaggaug
19419RNAHomo sapiens 4cauccugcca agaaugagu 19519RNAHomo sapiens
5aaguguccuc ugaugguca 19619RNAHomo sapiens 6ugaccaucag aggacacuu
19719RNAHomo sapiens 7ucauucuugg caggauggc 19819RNAHomo sapiens
8gccauccugc caagaauga 19919RNAHomo sapiens 9aaguucuaga ugcuguccg
191019RNAHomo sapiens 10cggacagcau cuagaacuu 191119RNAHomo sapiens
11guucuagaug cuguccgag 191219RNAHomo sapiens 12cucggacagc aucuagaac
191319RNAHomo sapiens 13cuagaugcug uccgaggca 191419RNAHomo sapiens
14ugccucggac agcaucuag 191519RNAHomo sapiens 15gaugcugucc gaggcaguc
191619RNAHomo sapiens 16gacugccucg gacagcauc 191719RNAHomo sapiens
17cauucuuggc aggauggcu 191819RNAHomo sapiens 18agccauccug ccaagaaug
191919RNAHomo sapiens 19ugcuguccga ggcaguccu 192019RNAHomo sapiens
20aggacugccu cggacagca 192119RNAHomo sapiens 21ccgaggcagu ccugccauc
192219RNAHomo sapiens 22gauggcagga cugccucgg 192319RNAHomo sapiens
23caguccugcc aucaaugug 192419RNAHomo sapiens 24cacauugaug gcaggacug
192519RNAHomo sapiens 25caauguggcc gugcaugug 192619RNAHomo sapiens
26cacaugcacg gccacauug 192719RNAHomo sapiens 27auguguucag aaaggcugc
192819RNAHomo sapiens 28gcagccuuuc ugaacacau 192919RNAHomo sapiens
29cagaagucca cucauucuu 193019RNAHomo sapiens 30aagaaugagu ggacuucug
193119RNAHomo sapiens 31ggcaggaugg cuucucauc 193219RNAHomo sapiens
32gaugagaagc cauccugcc 193319RNAHomo sapiens 33gagccauuug ccucuggga
193419RNAHomo sapiens 34ucccagaggc aaauggcuc 193519RNAHomo sapiens
35caggauggcu ucucaucgu 193619RNAHomo sapiens 36acgaugagaa gccauccug
193719RNAHomo sapiens 37aggauggcuu cucaucguc 193819RNAHomo sapiens
38gacgaugaga agccauccu 193919RNAHomo sapiens 39agagcugcau gggcucaca
194019RNAHomo sapiens 40ugugagccca ugcagcucu 194119RNAHomo sapiens
41gcugcauggg cucacaacu 194219RNAHomo sapiens 42aguugugagc ccaugcagc
194319RNAHomo sapiens 43ggauggcuuc ucaucgucu 194419RNAHomo sapiens
44agacgaugag aagccaucc 194519RNAHomo sapiens 45gcaugggcuc acaacugag
194619RNAHomo sapiens 46cucaguugug agcccaugc 194719RNAHomo sapiens
47augggcucac aacugagga 194819RNAHomo sapiens 48uccucaguug ugagcccau
194919RNAHomo sapiens 49ugggcucaca acugaggag 195019RNAHomo sapiens
50cuccucaguu gugagccca 195119RNAHomo sapiens 51gaggaauuug uagaaggga
195219RNAHomo sapiens 52ucccuucuac aaauuccuc 195319RNAHomo sapiens
53uuuguagaag ggauauaca 195419RNAHomo sapiens 54uguauauccc uucuacaaa
195519RNAHomo sapiens 55uuguagaagg gauauacaa 195619RNAHomo sapiens
56uuguauaucc cuucuacaa 195719RNAHomo sapiens 57uguagaaggg auauacaaa
195819RNAHomo sapiens 58uuuguauauc ccuucuaca 195919RNAHomo sapiens
59agaagggaua uacaaagug 196019RNAHomo sapiens 60cacuuuguau aucccuucu
196119RNAHomo sapiens 61aaguggaaau agacaccaa 196219RNAHomo sapiens
62uuggugucua uuuccacuu 196319RNAHomo sapiens 63ggaaauagac accaaaucu
196419RNAHomo sapiens 64agauuuggug ucuauuucc 196519RNAHomo sapiens
65gaaauagaca ccaaaucuu 196619RNAHomo sapiens 66aagauuuggu gucuauuuc
196719RNAHomo sapiens 67auagacacca aaucuuacu 196819RNAHomo sapiens
68aguaagauuu ggugucuau 196919RNAHomo sapiens 69uagacaccaa aucuuacug
197019RNAHomo sapiens 70caguaagauu uggugucua 197119RNAHomo sapiens
71agacaccaaa ucuuacugg 197219RNAHomo sapiens 72ccaguaagau uuggugucu
197319RNAHomo sapiens 73uuacuggaag gcacuuggc 197419RNAHomo sapiens
74gccaagugcc uuccaguaa 197519RNAHomo sapiens 75uucucaucgu cugcuccuc
197619RNAHomo sapiens 76gaggagcaga cgaugagaa 197719RNAHomo sapiens
77ggaaggcacu uggcaucuc 197819RNAHomo sapiens 78gagaugccaa gugccuucc
197919RNAHomo sapiens 79ggcacuuggc aucucccca 198019RNAHomo sapiens
80uggggagaug ccaagugcc 198119RNAHomo sapiens 81ggcaucuccc cauuccaug
198220DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 82auggaauggg gagaugcctt 208319RNAHomo sapiens 83gcaucucccc
auuccauga 198419RNAHomo sapiens 84ucauggaaug gggagaugc
198519RNAHomo sapiens 85caucucccca uuccaugag 198619RNAHomo sapiens
86cucauggaau ggggagaug 198719RNAHomo sapiens 87aucuccccau uccaugagc
198819RNAHomo sapiens 88gcucauggaa uggggagau 198919RNAHomo sapiens
89cuccccauuc caugagcau 199019RNAHomo sapiens 90augcucaugg aauggggag
199119RNAHomo sapiens 91cccauuccau gagcaugca 199219RNAHomo sapiens
92ugcaugcuca uggaauggg 199319RNAHomo sapiens 93ccaugagcau gcagaggug
199419RNAHomo sapiens 94caccucugca ugcucaugg 199519RNAHomo sapiens
95agcaugcaga ggugguauu 199619RNAHomo sapiens 96aauaccaccu cugcaugcu
199719RNAHomo sapiens 97caugcagagg ugguauuca 199819RNAHomo sapiens
98ugaauaccac cucugcaug 199919RNAHomo sapiens 99augcagaggu gguauucac
1910019RNAHomo sapiens 100gugaauacca ccucugcau 1910119RNAHomo
sapiens 101ggugguauuc acagccaac 1910219RNAHomo sapiens
102guuggcugug aauaccacc 1910319RNAHomo sapiens 103gugguauuca
cagccaacg 1910419RNAHomo sapiens 104cguuggcugu gaauaccac
1910519RNAHomo sapiens 105ugguauucac agccaacga 1910619RNAHomo
sapiens 106ucguuggcug ugaauacca 1910719RNAHomo sapiens
107gguauucaca gccaacgac 1910819RNAHomo sapiens 108gucguuggcu
gugaauacc 1910919RNAHomo sapiens 109guauucacag ccaacgacu
1911019RNAHomo sapiens 110agucguuggc ugugaauac 1911119RNAHomo
sapiens 111uauucacagc caacgacuc 1911219RNAHomo sapiens
112gagucguugg cugugaaua 1911319RNAHomo sapiens 113ucacagccaa
cgacuccgg 1911419RNAHomo sapiens 114ccggagucgu uggcuguga
1911519RNAHomo sapiens 115ccccgccgcu acaccauug 1911619RNAHomo
sapiens 116caauggugua gcggcgggg 1911719RNAHomo sapiens
117gaaguccacu cauucuugg 1911819RNAHomo sapiens 118ccaagaauga
guggacuuc 1911919RNAHomo sapiens 119cccugcugag ccccuacuc
1912019RNAHomo sapiens 120gaguaggggc ucagcaggg 1912119RNAHomo
sapiens 121cugagccccu acuccuauu 1912219RNAHomo sapiens
122aauaggagua ggggcucag 1912319RNAHomo sapiens 123ugagccccua
cuccuauuc 1912419RNAHomo sapiens 124gaauaggagu aggggcuca
1912519RNAHomo sapiens 125ccccuacucc uauuccacc 1912619RNAHomo
sapiens 126gguggaauag gaguagggg 1912719RNAHomo sapiens
127cuacuccuau uccaccacg 1912819RNAHomo sapiens 128cgugguggaa
uaggaguag 1912919RNAHomo sapiens 129uacuccuauu ccaccacgg
1913019RNAHomo sapiens 130ccguggugga auaggagua 1913119RNAHomo
sapiens 131acuccuauuc caccacggc 1913219RNAHomo sapiens
132gccguggugg aauaggagu 1913319RNAHomo sapiens 133uccuauucca
ccacggcug 1913419RNAHomo sapiens 134cagccguggu ggaauagga
1913519RNAHomo sapiens 135uauuccacca cggcugucg 1913619RNAHomo
sapiens 136cgacagccgu gguggaaua 1913719RNAHomo sapiens
137auuccaccac ggcugucgu 1913819RNAHomo sapiens 138acgacagccg
ugguggaau 1913919RNAHomo sapiens 139caccacggcu gucgucacc
1914019RNAHomo sapiens 140ggugacgaca gccguggug 1914119RNAHomo
sapiens 141accacggcug ucgucacca 1914219RNAHomo sapiens
142uggugacgac agccguggu 1914319RNAHomo sapiens 143ccacggcugu
cgucaccaa 1914419RNAHomo sapiens 144uuggugacga cagccgugg
1914519RNAHomo sapiens 145acggcugucg ucaccaauc 1914619RNAHomo
sapiens 146gauuggugac gacagccgu 1914719RNAHomo sapiens
147cggcugucgu caccaaucc 1914819RNAHomo sapiens 148ggauugguga
cgacagccg 1914919RNAHomo sapiens 149cgucaccaau cccaaggaa
1915019RNAHomo sapiens 150uuccuuggga uuggugacg 1915119RNAHomo
sapiens 151caaucccaag gaaugaggg 1915219RNAHomo sapiens
152cccucauucc uugggauug 1915319RNAHomo sapiens 153ccugaaggac
gagggaugg 1915419RNAHomo sapiens 154ccaucccucg uccuucagg
1915519RNAHomo sapiens 155ggacgaggga ugggauuuc 1915619RNAHomo
sapiens 156gaaaucccau cccucgucc 1915719RNAHomo sapiens
157aaguccacuc auucuuggc 1915819RNAHomo sapiens 158gccaagaaug
aguggacuu 1915919RNAHomo sapiens 159gggauuucau guaaccaag
1916019RNAHomo sapiens 160cuugguuaca ugaaauccc 1916119RNAHomo
sapiens 161ggauuucaug uaaccaaga 1916219RNAHomo sapiens
162ucuugguuac augaaaucc 1916319RNAHomo sapiens 163ucauguaacc
aagaguauu 1916419RNAHomo sapiens 164aauacucuug guuacauga
1916519RNAHomo sapiens 165auguaaccaa gaguauucc 1916619RNAHomo
sapiens 166ggaauacucu ugguuacau 1916719RNAHomo sapiens
167uguaaccaag aguauucca 1916819RNAHomo sapiens 168uggaauacuc
uugguuaca 1916919RNAHomo sapiens 169guaaccaaga guauuccau
1917019RNAHomo sapiens 170auggaauacu cuugguuac 1917119RNAHomo
sapiens 171ugccuugcug gacugguau 1917219RNAHomo sapiens
172auaccagucc agcaaggca 1917319RNAHomo sapiens 173uaaagcagug
uuuucaccu 1917419RNAHomo sapiens 174aggugaaaac acugcuuua
1917519RNAHomo sapiens 175gccuugcugg acugguauu 1917619RNAHomo
sapiens 176aauaccaguc cagcaaggc 1917719RNAHomo sapiens
177uguuuucacc ucauaugcu 1917819RNAHomo sapiens 178agcauaugag
gugaaaaca 1917919RNAHomo sapiens 179guuuucaccu cauaugcua
1918019RNAHomo sapiens 180uagcauauga ggugaaaac 1918119RNAHomo
sapiens 181uuuucaccuc auaugcuau 1918219RNAHomo sapiens
182auagcauaug aggugaaaa 1918319RNAHomo sapiens 183uucaccucau
augcuaugu 1918419RNAHomo sapiens 184acauagcaua ugaggugaa
1918519RNAHomo sapiens 185caccucauau gcuauguua 1918619RNAHomo
sapiens 186uaacauagca uaugaggug 1918719RNAHomo sapiens
187ccuugcugga cugguauuu 1918819RNAHomo sapiens 188aaauaccagu
ccagcaagg 1918919RNAHomo sapiens
189auaugcuaug uuagaaguc 1919019RNAHomo sapiens 190gacuucuaac
auagcauau 1919119RNAHomo sapiens 191uaugcuaugu uagaagucc
1919219RNAHomo sapiens 192ggacuucuaa cauagcaua 1919319RNAHomo
sapiens 193ugcuauguua gaaguccag 1919419RNAHomo sapiens
194cuggacuucu aacauagca 1919519RNAHomo sapiens 195cuugcuggac
ugguauuug 1919619RNAHomo sapiens 196caaauaccag uccagcaag
1919719RNAHomo sapiens 197aguccaggca gagacaaua 1919820DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
198auugucucug ccuggacutt 2019919RNAHomo sapiens 199uccaggcaga
gacaauaaa 1920019RNAHomo sapiens 200uuuauugucu cugccugga
1920119RNAHomo sapiens 201gugaaaggca cuuuucauu 1920219RNAHomo
sapiens 202aaugaaaagu gccuuucac 1920319RNAHomo sapiens
203uggacuggua uuugugucu 1920419RNAHomo sapiens 204agacacaaau
accagucca 1920519RNAHomo sapiens 205gucugaggcu ggcccuacg
1920619RNAHomo sapiens 206cguagggcca gccucagac 1920719RNAHomo
sapiens 207cugaggcugg cccuacggg 1920819RNAHomo sapiens
208cccguagggc cagccucag 1920919RNAHomo sapiens 209gaggcuggcc
cuacgggca 1921019RNAHomo sapiens 210ugcccguagg gccagccuc
1921119RNAHomo sapiens 211aggcuggccc uacgggcac 1921219RNAHomo
sapiens 212gugcccguag ggccagccu 1921319RNAHomo sapiens
213gcuggcccua cgggcaccg 1921419RNAHomo sapiens 214cggugcccgu
agggccagc 1921519RNAHomo sapiens 215cuggcccuac gggcaccgg
1921619RNAHomo sapiens 216ccggugcccg uagggccag 1921719RNAHomo
sapiens 217ggcccuacgg gcaccggug 1921819RNAHomo sapiens
218caccggugcc cguagggcc 1921919RNAHomo sapiens 219ccacucauuc
uuggcagga 1922019RNAHomo sapiens 220uccugccaag aaugagugg
1922119RNAHomo sapiens 221ccuacgggca ccggugaau 1922219RNAHomo
sapiens 222auucaccggu gcccguagg 1922319RNAHomo sapiens
223cuacgggcac cggugaauc 1922419RNAHomo sapiens 224gauucaccgg
ugcccguag 1922519RNAHomo sapiens 225uacgggcacc ggugaaucc
1922619RNAHomo sapiens 226ggauucaccg gugcccgua 1922719RNAHomo
sapiens 227acgggcaccg gugaaucca 1922819RNAHomo sapiens
228uggauucacc ggugcccgu 1922919RNAHomo sapiens 229gcaccgguga
auccaagug 1923019RNAHomo sapiens 230cacuuggauu caccggugc
1923119RNAHomo sapiens 231caccggugaa uccaagugu 1923219RNAHomo
sapiens 232acacuuggau ucaccggug 1923319RNAHomo sapiens
233uguggccaug cauguguuc 1923419RNAHomo sapiens 234gaacacaugc
auggccaca 1923519RNAHomo sapiens 235guggccaugc auguguuca
1923619RNAHomo sapiens 236ugaacacaug cauggccac 1923719RNAHomo
sapiens 237gccaugcaug uguucagaa 1923819RNAHomo sapiens
238uucugaacac augcauggc 1923919RNAHomo sapiens 239uauuccacca
cggcuguca 1924019RNAHomo sapiens 240ugacagccgu gguggaaua
1924119RNAHomo sapiens 241gucaucacca aucccaagg 1924219RNAHomo
sapiens 242ccuugggauu ggugaugac 1924319RNAHomo sapiens
243guccucugau ggucaaagu 1924419RNAHomo sapiens 244acuuugacca
ucagaggac 1924519RNAHomo sapiens 245gauggucaaa guucuagau
1924619RNAHomo sapiens 246aucuagaacu uugaccauc 1924719RNAHomo
sapiens 247augcuguccg aggcagucc 1924819RNAHomo sapiens
248ggacugccuc ggacagcau 1924919RNAHomo sapiens 249ccgugcaugu
guucagaaa 1925019RNAHomo sapiens 250uuucugaaca caugcacgg
1925119RNAHomo sapiens 251agucuggaga gcugcaugg 1925219RNAHomo
sapiens 252ccaugcagcu cuccagacu 1925319RNAHomo sapiens
253caugggcuca caacugagg 1925419RNAHomo sapiens 254ccucaguugu
gagcccaug 1925519RNAHomo sapiens 255ucucaucguc ugcuccucc
1925619RNAHomo sapiens 256ggaggagcag acgaugaga 1925719RNAHomo
sapiens 257ccccauucca ugagcaugc 1925819RNAHomo sapiens
258gcaugcucau ggaaugggg 1925919RNAHomo sapiens 259gccccuacuc
cuauuccac 1926019RNAHomo sapiens 260guggaauagg aguaggggc
1926119RNAHomo sapiens 261cuauuccacc acggcuguc 1926219RNAHomo
sapiens 262gacagccgug guggaauag 1926319RNAHomo sapiens
263cacggcuguc gucaccaau 1926419RNAHomo sapiens 264auuggugacg
acagccgug 1926519RNAHomo sapiens 265aggacgaggg augggauuu
1926619RNAHomo sapiens 266aaaucccauc ccucguccu 1926719RNAHomo
sapiens 267ucaccucaua ugcuauguu 1926819RNAHomo sapiens
268aacauagcau augagguga 1926919RNAHomo sapiens 269ccucauaugc
uauguuaga 1927019RNAHomo sapiens 270ucuaacauag cauaugagg
1927119RNAHomo sapiens 271auguuagaag uccaggcag 1927219RNAHomo
sapiens 272cugccuggac uucuaacau 1927319RNAHomo sapiens
273ucugaggcug gcccuacgg 1927419RNAHomo sapiens 274ccguagggcc
agccucaga 1927519RNAHomo sapiens 275ggcccuacgg gcaccggug
1927619RNAHomo sapiens 276caccggugcc cguagggcc 1927719RNAHomo
sapiens 277gggcaccggu gaauccaag 1927819RNAHomo sapiens
278cuuggauuca ccggugccc 1927919RNAHomo sapiens 279ccaugcaugu
guucagaaa 1928019RNAHomo sapiens 280uuucugaaca caugcaugg
1928121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
281ccggugaauc caaguguccn n 2128221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 282ggacacuugg auucaccggn n 2128321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
283acucauucuu ggcaggaugn n 2128421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 284cauccugcca agaaugagun n 2128521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
285aaguguccuc ugauggucan n 2128621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 286ugaccaucag aggacacuun n 2128721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
287ucauucuugg caggauggcn n 2128821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 288gccauccugc caagaaugan n 2128921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
289aaguucuaga ugcuguccgn n 2129021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 290cggacagcau cuagaacuun n 2129121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
291guucuagaug cuguccgagn n 2129221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 292cucggacagc aucuagaacn n 2129321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
293cuagaugcug uccgaggcan n 2129421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 294ugccucggac agcaucuagn n 2129521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
295gaugcugucc gaggcagucn n 2129621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 296gacugccucg gacagcaucn n 2129721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
297cauucuuggc aggauggcun n 2129821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 298agccauccug ccaagaaugn n 2129921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
299ugcuguccga ggcaguccun n 2130021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 300aggacugccu cggacagcan n 2130121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
301ccgaggcagu ccugccaucn n 2130221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 302gauggcagga cugccucggn n 2130321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
303caguccugcc aucaaugugn n 2130421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 304cacauugaug gcaggacugn n 2130521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
305caauguggcc gugcaugugn n 2130621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 306cacaugcacg gccacauugn n 2130721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
307auguguucag aaaggcugcn n 2130821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 308gcagccuuuc ugaacacaun n 2130921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
309cagaagucca cucauucuun n 2131021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 310aagaaugagu ggacuucugn n 2131121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
311ggcaggaugg cuucucaucn n 2131221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 312gaugagaagc cauccugccn n 2131321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
313gagccauuug ccucugggan n 2131421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 314ucccagaggc aaauggcucn n 2131521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
315caggauggcu ucucaucgun n 2131621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 316acgaugagaa gccauccugn n 2131721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
317aggauggcuu cucaucgucn n 2131821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 318gacgaugaga agccauccun n 2131921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
319agagcugcau gggcucacan n 2132021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 320ugugagccca ugcagcucun n 2132121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
321gcugcauggg cucacaacun n 2132221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 322aguugugagc ccaugcagcn n 2132321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
323ggauggcuuc
ucaucgucun n 2132421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or
other 324agacgaugag aagccauccn n 2132521DNAHomo sapiensDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a,
c, t, g, unknown or other 325gcaugggcuc acaacugagn n 2132621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
326cucaguugug agcccaugcn n 2132721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 327augggcucac aacugaggan n 2132821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
328uccucaguug ugagcccaun n 2132921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 329ugggcucaca acugaggagn n 2133021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
330cuccucaguu gugagcccan n 2133121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 331gaggaauuug uagaagggan n 2133221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
332ucccuucuac aaauuccucn n 2133321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 333uuuguagaag ggauauacan n 2133421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
334uguauauccc uucuacaaan n 2133521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 335uuguagaagg gauauacaan n 2133621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
336uuguauaucc cuucuacaan n 2133721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 337uguagaaggg auauacaaan n 2133821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
338uuuguauauc ccuucuacan n 2133921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 339agaagggaua uacaaagugn n 2134021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
340cacuuuguau aucccuucun n 2134121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 341aaguggaaau agacaccaan n 2134221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
342uuggugucua uuuccacuun n 2134321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 343ggaaauagac accaaaucun n 2134421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
344agauuuggug ucuauuuccn n 2134521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 345gaaauagaca ccaaaucuun n 2134621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
346aagauuuggu gucuauuucn n 2134721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 347auagacacca aaucuuacun n 2134821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
348aguaagauuu ggugucuaun n 2134921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 349uagacaccaa aucuuacugn n 2135021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
350caguaagauu uggugucuan n 2135121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 351agacaccaaa ucuuacuggn n 2135221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
352ccaguaagau uuggugucun n 2135321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 353uuacuggaag gcacuuggcn n 2135421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
354gccaagugcc uuccaguaan n 2135521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 355uucucaucgu cugcuccucn n 2135621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
356gaggagcaga cgaugagaan n 2135721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 357ggaaggcacu uggcaucucn n 2135821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
358gagaugccaa gugccuuccn n 2135921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 359ggcacuuggc aucuccccan n 2136021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
360uggggagaug ccaagugccn n 2136121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 361ggcaucuccc cauuccaugn n 2136222DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(21)..(22)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
362auggaauggg gagaugcctt nn 2236321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 363gcaucucccc auuccaugan n 2136421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
364ucauggaaug gggagaugcn n 2136521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 365caucucccca uuccaugagn n 2136621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
366cucauggaau ggggagaugn n 2136721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 367aucuccccau uccaugagcn n 2136821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
368gcucauggaa uggggagaun n 2136921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 369cuccccauuc caugagcaun n 2137021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
370augcucaugg aauggggagn n 2137121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 371cccauuccau gagcaugcan n 2137221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
372ugcaugcuca uggaaugggn n 2137321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 373ccaugagcau gcagaggugn n 2137421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
374caccucugca ugcucauggn n 2137521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 375agcaugcaga ggugguauun n 2137621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
376aauaccaccu cugcaugcun n 2137721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 377caugcagagg ugguauucan n 2137821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
378ugaauaccac cucugcaugn n 2137921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 379augcagaggu gguauucacn n 2138021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
380gugaauacca ccucugcaun n 2138121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 381ggugguauuc acagccaacn n 2138221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
382guuggcugug aauaccaccn n 2138321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 383gugguauuca cagccaacgn n 2138421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
384cguuggcugu gaauaccacn n 2138521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 385ugguauucac agccaacgan n 2138621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
386ucguuggcug ugaauaccan n 2138721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 387gguauucaca gccaacgacn n 2138821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
388gucguuggcu gugaauaccn n 2138921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 389guauucacag ccaacgacun n 2139021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
390agucguuggc ugugaauacn n 2139121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 391uauucacagc caacgacucn n 2139221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
392gagucguugg cugugaauan n 2139321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 393ucacagccaa cgacuccggn n 2139421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
394ccggagucgu uggcugugan n 2139521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 395ccccgccgcu acaccauugn n 2139621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
396caauggugua gcggcggggn n 2139721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 397gaaguccacu cauucuuggn n 2139821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
398ccaagaauga guggacuucn n 2139921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 399cccugcugag ccccuacucn n 2140021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
400gaguaggggc ucagcagggn n 2140121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 401cugagccccu acuccuauun n 2140221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
402aauaggagua ggggcucagn n 2140321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 403ugagccccua cuccuauucn n 2140421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
404gaauaggagu aggggcucan n 2140521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 405ccccuacucc uauuccaccn n 2140621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
406gguggaauag gaguaggggn n 2140721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
407cuacuccuau uccaccacgn n 2140821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 408cgugguggaa uaggaguagn n 2140921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
409uacuccuauu ccaccacggn n 2141021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 410ccguggugga auaggaguan n 2141121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
411acuccuauuc caccacggcn n 2141221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 412gccguggugg aauaggagun n 2141321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
413uccuauucca ccacggcugn n 2141421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 414cagccguggu ggaauaggan n 2141521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
415uauuccacca cggcugucgn n 2141621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 416cgacagccgu gguggaauan n 2141721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
417auuccaccac ggcugucgun n 2141821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 418acgacagccg ugguggaaun n 2141921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
419caccacggcu gucgucaccn n 2142021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 420ggugacgaca gccguggugn n 2142121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
421accacggcug ucgucaccan n 2142221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 422uggugacgac agccguggun n 2142321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
423ccacggcugu cgucaccaan n 2142421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 424uuggugacga cagccguggn n 2142521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
425acggcugucg ucaccaaucn n 2142621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 426gauuggugac gacagccgun n 2142721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
427cggcugucgu caccaauccn n 2142821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 428ggauugguga cgacagccgn n 2142921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
429cgucaccaau cccaaggaan n 2143021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 430uuccuuggga uuggugacgn n 2143121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
431caaucccaag gaaugagggn n 2143221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 432cccucauucc uugggauugn n 2143321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
433ccugaaggac gagggauggn n 2143421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 434ccaucccucg uccuucaggn n 2143521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
435ggacgaggga ugggauuucn n 2143621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 436gaaaucccau cccucguccn n 2143721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
437aaguccacuc auucuuggcn n 2143821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 438gccaagaaug aguggacuun n 2143921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
439gggauuucau guaaccaagn n 2144021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 440cuugguuaca ugaaaucccn n 2144121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
441ggauuucaug uaaccaagan n 2144221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 442ucuugguuac augaaauccn n 2144321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
443ucauguaacc aagaguauun n 2144421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 444aauacucuug guuacaugan n 2144521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
445auguaaccaa gaguauuccn n 2144621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 446ggaauacucu ugguuacaun n 2144721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
447uguaaccaag aguauuccan n 2144821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 448uggaauacuc uugguuacan n 2144921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
449guaaccaaga guauuccaun n 2145021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 450auggaauacu cuugguuacn n 2145121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
451ugccuugcug gacugguaun n 2145221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 452auaccagucc agcaaggcan n 2145321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
453uaaagcagug uuuucaccun n 2145421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 454aggugaaaac acugcuuuan n 2145521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
455gccuugcugg acugguauun n 2145621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 456aauaccaguc cagcaaggcn n 2145721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
457uguuuucacc ucauaugcun n 2145821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 458agcauaugag gugaaaacan n 2145921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
459guuuucaccu cauaugcuan n 2146021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 460uagcauauga ggugaaaacn n 2146121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
461uuuucaccuc auaugcuaun n 2146221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 462auagcauaug aggugaaaan n 2146321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
463uucaccucau augcuaugun n 2146421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 464acauagcaua ugaggugaan n 2146521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
465caccucauau gcuauguuan n 2146621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 466uaacauagca uaugaggugn n 2146721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
467ccuugcugga cugguauuun n 2146821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 468aaauaccagu ccagcaaggn n 2146921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
469auaugcuaug uuagaagucn n 2147021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 470gacuucuaac auagcauaun n 2147121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
471uaugcuaugu uagaaguccn n 2147221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 472ggacuucuaa cauagcauan n 2147321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
473ugcuauguua gaaguccagn n 2147421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 474cuggacuucu aacauagcan n 2147521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
475cuugcuggac ugguauuugn n 2147621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 476caaauaccag uccagcaagn n 2147721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
477aguccaggca gagacaauan n 2147822DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(21)..(22)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 478auugucucug ccuggacutt nn 2247921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
479uccaggcaga gacaauaaan n 2148021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 480uuuauugucu cugccuggan n 2148121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
481gugaaaggca cuuuucauun n 2148221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 482aaugaaaagu gccuuucacn n 2148321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
483uggacuggua uuugugucun n 2148421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 484agacacaaau accaguccan n 2148521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
485gucugaggcu ggcccuacgn n 2148621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 486cguagggcca gccucagacn n 2148721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
487cugaggcugg cccuacgggn n 2148821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 488cccguagggc cagccucagn n 2148921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
489gaggcuggcc cuacgggcan n 2149021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 490ugcccguagg gccagccucn n
2149121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
491aggcuggccc uacgggcacn n 2149221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 492gugcccguag ggccagccun n 2149321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
493gcuggcccua cgggcaccgn n 2149421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 494cggugcccgu agggccagcn n 2149521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
495cuggcccuac gggcaccggn n 2149621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 496ccggugcccg uagggccagn n 2149721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
497ggcccuacgg gcaccggugn n 2149821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 498caccggugcc cguagggccn n 2149921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
499ccacucauuc uuggcaggan n 2150021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 500uccugccaag aaugaguggn n 2150121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
501ccuacgggca ccggugaaun n 2150221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 502auucaccggu gcccguaggn n 2150321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
503cuacgggcac cggugaaucn n 2150421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 504gauucaccgg ugcccguagn n 2150521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
505uacgggcacc ggugaauccn n 2150621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 506ggauucaccg gugcccguan n 2150721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
507acgggcaccg gugaauccan n 2150821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 508uggauucacc ggugcccgun n 2150921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
509gcaccgguga auccaagugn n 2151021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 510cacuuggauu caccggugcn n 2151121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
511caccggugaa uccaagugun n 2151221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 512acacuuggau ucaccggugn n 2151321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
513uguggccaug cauguguucn n 2151421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 514gaacacaugc auggccacan n 2151521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
515guggccaugc auguguucan n 2151621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 516ugaacacaug cauggccacn n 2151721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
517gccaugcaug uguucagaan n 2151821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 518uucugaacac augcauggcn n 2151921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
519uauuccacca cggcugucan n 2152021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 520ugacagccgu gguggaauan n 2152121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
521gucaucacca aucccaaggn n 2152221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 522ccuugggauu ggugaugacn n 2152321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
523guccucugau ggucaaagun n 2152421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 524acuuugacca ucagaggacn n 2152521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
525gauggucaaa guucuagaun n 2152621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 526aucuagaacu uugaccaucn n 2152721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
527augcuguccg aggcaguccn n 2152821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 528ggacugccuc ggacagcaun n 2152921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
529ccgugcaugu guucagaaan n 2153021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 530uuucugaaca caugcacggn n 2153121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
531agucuggaga gcugcauggn n 2153221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 532ccaugcagcu cuccagacun n 2153321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
533caugggcuca caacugaggn n 2153421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 534ccucaguugu gagcccaugn n 2153521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
535ucucaucguc ugcuccuccn n 2153621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 536ggaggagcag acgaugagan n 2153721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
537ccccauucca ugagcaugcn n 2153821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 538gcaugcucau ggaauggggn n 2153921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
539gccccuacuc cuauuccacn n 2154021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 540guggaauagg aguaggggcn n 2154121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
541cuauuccacc acggcugucn n 2154221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 542gacagccgug guggaauagn n 2154321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
543cacggcuguc gucaccaaun n 2154421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 544auuggugacg acagccgugn n 2154521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
545aggacgaggg augggauuun n 2154621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 546aaaucccauc ccucguccun n 2154721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
547ucaccucaua ugcuauguun n 2154821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 548aacauagcau augaggugan n 2154921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
549ccucauaugc uauguuagan n 2155021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 550ucuaacauag cauaugaggn n 2155121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
551auguuagaag uccaggcagn n 2155221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 552cugccuggac uucuaacaun n 2155321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
553ucugaggcug gcccuacggn n 2155421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 554ccguagggcc agccucagan n 2155521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
555ggcccuacgg gcaccggugn n 2155621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 556caccggugcc cguagggccn n 2155721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
557gggcaccggu gaauccaagn n 2155821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 558cuuggauuca ccggugcccn n 2155921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
559ccaugcaugu guucagaaan n 2156021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiensmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c,
t, g, unknown or other 560uuucugaaca caugcauggn n 2156121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
561ccggugaauc caagugucct t 2156221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 562ggacacuugg auucaccggt t
2156321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 563acucauucuu ggcaggaugt t 2156421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
564cauccugcca agaaugagut t 2156521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 565aaguguccuc ugauggucat t
2156621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 566ugaccaucag aggacacuut t 2156721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
567ucauucuugg caggauggct t 2156821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 568gccauccugc caagaaugat t
2156921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 569aaguucuaga ugcuguccgt t 2157021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
570cggacagcau cuagaacuut t 2157121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 571guucuagaug cuguccgagt t
2157221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 572cucggacagc aucuagaact t 2157321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
573cuagaugcug uccgaggcat t 2157421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 574ugccucggac agcaucuagt t
2157521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 575gaugcugucc gaggcaguct t 2157621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
576gacugccucg gacagcauct t 2157721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 577cauucuuggc aggauggcut t
2157821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 578agccauccug ccaagaaugt t 2157921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
579ugcuguccga ggcaguccut t
2158021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 580aggacugccu cggacagcat t 2158121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
581ccgaggcagu ccugccauct t 2158221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 582gauggcagga cugccucggt t
2158321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 583caguccugcc aucaaugugt t 2158421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
584cacauugaug gcaggacugt t 2158521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 585caauguggcc gugcaugugt t
2158621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 586cacaugcacg gccacauugt t 2158721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
587auguguucag aaaggcugct t 2158821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 588gcagccuuuc ugaacacaut t
2158921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 589cagaagucca cucauucuut t 2159021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
590aagaaugagu ggacuucugt t 2159121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 591ggcaggaugg cuucucauct t
2159221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 592gaugagaagc cauccugcct t 2159321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
593gagccauuug ccucugggat t 2159421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 594ucccagaggc aaauggcuct t
2159521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 595caggauggcu ucucaucgut t 2159621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
596acgaugagaa gccauccugt t 2159721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 597aggauggcuu cucaucguct t
2159821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 598gacgaugaga agccauccut t 2159921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
599agagcugcau gggcucacat t 2160021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 600ugugagccca ugcagcucut t
2160121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 601gcugcauggg cucacaacut t 2160221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
602aguugugagc ccaugcagct t 2160321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 603ggauggcuuc ucaucgucut t
2160421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 604agacgaugag aagccaucct t 2160521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
605gcaugggcuc acaacugagt t 2160621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 606cucaguugug agcccaugct t
2160721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 607augggcucac aacugaggat t 2160821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
608uccucaguug ugagcccaut t 2160921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 609ugggcucaca acugaggagt t
2161021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 610cuccucaguu gugagcccat t 2161121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
611gaggaauuug uagaagggat t 2161221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 612ucccuucuac aaauuccuct t
2161321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 613uuuguagaag ggauauacat t 2161421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
614uguauauccc uucuacaaat t 2161521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 615uuguagaagg gauauacaat t
2161621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 616uuguauaucc cuucuacaat t 2161721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
617uguagaaggg auauacaaat t 2161821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 618uuuguauauc ccuucuacat t
2161921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 619agaagggaua uacaaagugt t 2162021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
620cacuuuguau aucccuucut t 2162121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 621aaguggaaau agacaccaat t
2162221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 622uuggugucua uuuccacuut t 2162321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
623ggaaauagac accaaaucut t 2162421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 624agauuuggug ucuauuucct t
2162521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 625gaaauagaca ccaaaucuut t 2162621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
626aagauuuggu gucuauuuct t 2162721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 627auagacacca aaucuuacut t
2162821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 628aguaagauuu ggugucuaut t 2162921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
629uagacaccaa aucuuacugt t 2163021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 630caguaagauu uggugucuat t
2163121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 631agacaccaaa ucuuacuggt t 2163221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
632ccaguaagau uuggugucut t 2163321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 633uuacuggaag gcacuuggct t
2163421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 634gccaagugcc uuccaguaat t 2163521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
635uucucaucgu cugcuccuct t 2163621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 636gaggagcaga cgaugagaat t
2163721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 637ggaaggcacu uggcaucuct t 2163821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
638gagaugccaa gugccuucct t 2163921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 639ggcacuuggc aucuccccat t
2164021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 640uggggagaug ccaagugcct t 2164121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
641ggcaucuccc cauuccaugt t 2164222DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 642auggaauggg gagaugcctt tt
2264321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 643gcaucucccc auuccaugat t 2164421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
644ucauggaaug gggagaugct t 2164521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 645caucucccca uuccaugagt t
2164621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 646cucauggaau ggggagaugt t 2164721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
647aucuccccau uccaugagct t 2164821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 648gcucauggaa uggggagaut t
2164921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 649cuccccauuc caugagcaut t 2165021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
650augcucaugg aauggggagt t 2165121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 651cccauuccau gagcaugcat t
2165221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 652ugcaugcuca uggaaugggt t 2165321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
653ccaugagcau gcagaggugt t 2165421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 654caccucugca ugcucauggt t
2165521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 655agcaugcaga ggugguauut t 2165621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
656aauaccaccu cugcaugcut t 2165721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 657caugcagagg ugguauucat t
2165821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 658ugaauaccac cucugcaugt t 2165921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
659augcagaggu gguauucact t 2166021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 660gugaauacca ccucugcaut t
2166121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 661ggugguauuc acagccaact t 2166221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
662guuggcugug aauaccacct t 2166321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 663gugguauuca cagccaacgt t
2166421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 664cguuggcugu gaauaccact t 2166521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
665ugguauucac agccaacgat t 2166621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 666ucguuggcug ugaauaccat t
2166721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 667gguauucaca gccaacgact t 2166821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
668gucguuggcu gugaauacct t 2166921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 669guauucacag ccaacgacut t
2167021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 670agucguuggc ugugaauact t 2167121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
671uauucacagc caacgacuct t 2167221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 672gagucguugg cugugaauat t
2167321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 673ucacagccaa cgacuccggt t 2167421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
674ccggagucgu uggcugugat t 2167521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 675ccccgccgcu acaccauugt t
2167621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 676caauggugua gcggcggggt t 2167721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
677gaaguccacu cauucuuggt t 2167821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 678ccaagaauga guggacuuct t
2167921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 679cccugcugag ccccuacuct t 2168021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
680gaguaggggc ucagcagggt t 2168121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 681cugagccccu acuccuauut t
2168221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 682aauaggagua ggggcucagt t 2168321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
683ugagccccua cuccuauuct t 2168421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 684gaauaggagu aggggcucat t
2168521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 685ccccuacucc uauuccacct t 2168621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
686gguggaauag gaguaggggt t 2168721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 687cuacuccuau uccaccacgt t
2168821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 688cgugguggaa uaggaguagt t 2168921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
689uacuccuauu ccaccacggt t 2169021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 690ccguggugga auaggaguat t
2169121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 691acuccuauuc caccacggct t 2169221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
692gccguggugg aauaggagut t 2169321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 693uccuauucca ccacggcugt t
2169421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 694cagccguggu ggaauaggat t 2169521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
695uauuccacca cggcugucgt t
2169621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 696cgacagccgu gguggaauat t 2169721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
697auuccaccac ggcugucgut t 2169821DNAHomo sapienssourceDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 698acgacagccg ugguggaaut
t 2169921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 699caccacggcu gucgucacct t 2170021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
700ggugacgaca gccguggugt t 2170121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 701accacggcug ucgucaccat t
2170221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 702uggugacgac agccguggut t 2170321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
703ccacggcugu cgucaccaat t 2170421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 704uuggugacga cagccguggt t
2170521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 705acggcugucg ucaccaauct t 2170621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
706gauuggugac gacagccgut t 2170721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 707cggcugucgu caccaaucct t
2170821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 708ggauugguga cgacagccgt t 2170921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
709cgucaccaau cccaaggaat t 2171021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 710uuccuuggga uuggugacgt t
2171121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 711caaucccaag gaaugagggt t 2171221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
712cccucauucc uugggauugt t 2171321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 713ccugaaggac gagggauggt t
2171421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 714ccaucccucg uccuucaggt t 2171521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
715ggacgaggga ugggauuuct t 2171621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 716gaaaucccau cccucgucct t
2171721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 717aaguccacuc auucuuggct t 2171821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
718gccaagaaug aguggacuut t 2171921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 719gggauuucau guaaccaagt t
2172021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 720cuugguuaca ugaaauccct t 2172121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
721ggauuucaug uaaccaagat t 2172221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 722ucuugguuac augaaaucct t
2172321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 723ucauguaacc aagaguauut t 2172421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
724aauacucuug guuacaugat t 2172521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 725auguaaccaa gaguauucct t
2172621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 726ggaauacucu ugguuacaut t 2172721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
727uguaaccaag aguauuccat t 2172821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 728uggaauacuc uugguuacat t
2172921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 729guaaccaaga guauuccaut t 2173021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
730auggaauacu cuugguuact t 2173121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 731ugccuugcug gacugguaut t
2173221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 732auaccagucc agcaaggcat t 2173321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
733uaaagcagug uuuucaccut t 2173421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 734aggugaaaac acugcuuuat t
2173521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 735gccuugcugg acugguauut t 2173621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
736aauaccaguc cagcaaggct t 2173721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 737uguuuucacc ucauaugcut t
2173821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 738agcauaugag gugaaaacat t 2173921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
739guuuucaccu cauaugcuat t 2174021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 740uagcauauga ggugaaaact t
2174121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 741uuuucaccuc auaugcuaut t 2174221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
742auagcauaug aggugaaaat t 2174321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 743uucaccucau augcuaugut t
2174421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 744acauagcaua ugaggugaat t 2174521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
745caccucauau gcuauguuat t 2174621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 746uaacauagca uaugaggugt t
2174721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 747ccuugcugga cugguauuut t 2174821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
748aaauaccagu ccagcaaggt t 2174921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 749auaugcuaug uuagaaguct t
2175021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 750gacuucuaac auagcauaut t 2175121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
751uaugcuaugu uagaagucct t 2175221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 752ggacuucuaa cauagcauat t
2175321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 753ugcuauguua gaaguccagt t 2175421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
754cuggacuucu aacauagcat t 2175521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 755cuugcuggac ugguauuugt t
2175621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 756caaauaccag uccagcaagt t 2175721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
757aguccaggca gagacaauat t 2175822DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 758auugucucug ccuggacutt tt
2275921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 759uccaggcaga gacaauaaat t 2176021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
760uuuauugucu cugccuggat t 2176121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 761gugaaaggca cuuuucauut t
2176221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 762aaugaaaagu gccuuucact t 2176321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
763uggacuggua uuugugucut t 2176421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 764agacacaaau accaguccat t
2176521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 765gucugaggcu ggcccuacgt t 2176621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
766cguagggcca gccucagact t 2176721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 767cugaggcugg cccuacgggt t
2176821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 768cccguagggc cagccucagt t 2176921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
769gaggcuggcc cuacgggcat t 2177021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 770ugcccguagg gccagccuct t
2177121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 771aggcuggccc uacgggcact t 2177221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
772gugcccguag ggccagccut t 2177321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 773gcuggcccua cgggcaccgt t
2177421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 774cggugcccgu agggccagct t 2177521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
775cuggcccuac gggcaccggt t 2177621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 776ccggugcccg uagggccagt t
2177721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 777ggcccuacgg gcaccggugt t 2177821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
778caccggugcc cguagggcct t 2177921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 779ccacucauuc uuggcaggat t
2178021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 780uccugccaag aaugaguggt t 2178121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
781ccuacgggca ccggugaaut t 2178221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 782auucaccggu gcccguaggt t
2178321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 783cuacgggcac cggugaauct t 2178421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
784gauucaccgg ugcccguagt t 2178521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 785uacgggcacc ggugaaucct t
2178621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 786ggauucaccg gugcccguat t 2178721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
787acgggcaccg gugaauccat t 2178821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 788uggauucacc ggugcccgut t
2178921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 789gcaccgguga auccaagugt t 2179021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
790cacuuggauu caccggugct t 2179121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 791caccggugaa uccaagugut t
2179221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 792acacuuggau ucaccggugt t 2179321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
793uguggccaug cauguguuct t 2179421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 794gaacacaugc auggccacat t
2179521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 795guggccaugc auguguucat t 2179621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
796ugaacacaug cauggccact t 2179721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 797gccaugcaug uguucagaat t
2179821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 798uucugaacac augcauggct t 2179921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
799uauuccacca cggcugucat t 2180021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 800ugacagccgu gguggaauat t
2180121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 801gucaucacca aucccaaggt t 2180221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
802ccuugggauu ggugaugact t 2180321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 803guccucugau ggucaaagut t
2180421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 804acuuugacca ucagaggact t 2180521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
805gauggucaaa guucuagaut t 2180621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 806aucuagaacu uugaccauct t
2180721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 807augcuguccg aggcagucct t 2180821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
808ggacugccuc ggacagcaut t 2180921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 809ccgugcaugu guucagaaat t
2181021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 810uuucugaaca caugcacggt t 2181121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
811agucuggaga gcugcauggt t
2181221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 812ccaugcagcu cuccagacut t 2181321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
813caugggcuca caacugaggt t 2181421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 814ccucaguugu gagcccaugt t
2181521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 815ucucaucguc ugcuccucct t 2181621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
816ggaggagcag acgaugagat t 2181721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 817ccccauucca ugagcaugct t
2181821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 818gcaugcucau ggaauggggt t 2181921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
819gccccuacuc cuauuccact t 2182021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 820guggaauagg aguaggggct t
2182121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 821cuauuccacc acggcuguct t 2182221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
822gacagccgug guggaauagt t 2182321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 823cacggcuguc gucaccaaut t
2182421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 824auuggugacg acagccgugt t 2182521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
825aggacgaggg augggauuut t 2182621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 826aaaucccauc ccucguccut t
2182721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 827ucaccucaua ugcuauguut t 2182821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
828aacauagcau augaggugat t 2182921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 829ccucauaugc uauguuagat t
2183021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 830ucuaacauag cauaugaggt t 2183121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
831auguuagaag uccaggcagt t 2183221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 832cugccuggac uucuaacaut t
2183321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 833ucugaggcug gcccuacggt t 2183421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
834ccguagggcc agccucagat t 2183521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 835ggcccuacgg gcaccggugt t
2183621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 836caccggugcc cguagggcct t 2183721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
837gggcaccggu gaauccaagt t 2183821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 838cuuggauuca ccggugccct t
2183921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 839ccaugcaugu guucagaaat t 2184021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
840uuucugaaca caugcauggt t 2184121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 841ccggugaauc caagugucct t
2184221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 842ggacacuugg auucaccggt t 2184321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
843acucauucuu ggcaggaugt t 2184421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 844cauccugcca agaaugagut t
2184521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 845aaguguccuc ugauggucat t 2184621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
846ugaccaucag aggacacuut t 2184721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 847ucauucuugg caggauggct t
2184821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 848gccauccugc caagaaugat t 2184921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
849aaguucuaga ugcuguccgt t 2185021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 850cggacagcau cuagaacuut t
2185121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 851guucuagaug cuguccgagt t 2185221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
852cucggacagc aucuagaact t 2185321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 853cuagaugcug uccgaggcat t
2185421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 854ugccucggac agcaucuagt t 2185521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
855gaugcugucc gaggcaguct t 2185621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 856gacugccucg gacagcauct t
2185721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 857cauucuuggc aggauggcut t 2185821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
858agccauccug ccaagaaugt t 2185921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 859ugcuguccga ggcaguccut t
2186021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 860aggacugccu cggacagcat t 2186121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
861ccgaggcagu ccugccauct t 2186221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 862gauggcagga cugccucggt t
2186321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 863caguccugcc aucaaugugt t 2186421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
864cacauugaug gcaggacugt t 2186521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 865caauguggcc gugcaugugt t
2186621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 866cacaugcacg gccacauugt t 2186721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
867auguguucag aaaggcugct t 2186821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 868gcagccuuuc ugaacacaut t
2186921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 869cagaagucca cucauucuut t 2187021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
870aagaaugagu ggacuucugt t 2187121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 871ggcaggaugg cuucucauct t
2187221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 872gaugagaagc cauccugcct t 2187321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
873gagccauuug ccucugggat t 2187421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 874ucccagaggc aaauggcuct t
2187521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 875caggauggcu ucucaucgut t 2187621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
876acgaugagaa gccauccugt t 2187721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 877aggauggcuu cucaucguct t
2187821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 878gacgaugaga agccauccut t 2187921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
879agagcugcau gggcucacat t 2188021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 880ugugagccca ugcagcucut t
2188121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 881gcugcauggg cucacaacut t 2188221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
882aguugugagc ccaugcagct t 2188321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 883ggauggcuuc ucaucgucut t
2188421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 884agacgaugag aagccaucct t 2188521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
885gcaugggcuc acaacugagt t 2188621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 886cucaguugug agcccaugct t
2188721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 887augggcucac aacugaggat t 2188821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
888uccucaguug ugagcccaut t 2188921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 889ugggcucaca acugaggagt t
2189021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 890cuccucaguu gugagcccat t 2189121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
891gaggaauuug uagaagggat t 2189221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 892ucccuucuac aaauuccuct t
2189321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 893uuuguagaag ggauauacat t 2189421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
894uguauauccc uucuacaaat t 2189521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 895uuguagaagg gauauacaat t
2189621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 896uuguauaucc cuucuacaat t 2189721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
897uguagaaggg auauacaaat t 2189821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 898uuuguauauc ccuucuacat t
2189921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 899agaagggaua uacaaagugt t 2190021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
900cacuuuguau aucccuucut t 2190121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 901aaguggaaau agacaccaat t
2190221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 902uuggugucua uuuccacuut t 2190321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
903ggaaauagac accaaaucut t 2190421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 904agauuuggug ucuauuucct t
2190521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 905gaaauagaca ccaaaucuut t 2190621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
906aagauuuggu gucuauuuct t 2190721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 907auagacacca aaucuuacut t
2190821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 908aguaagauuu ggugucuaut t 2190921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
909uagacaccaa aucuuacugt t 2191021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 910caguaagauu uggugucuat t
2191121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 911agacaccaaa ucuuacuggt t 2191221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
912ccaguaagau uuggugucut t 2191321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 913uuacuggaag gcacuuggct t
2191421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 914gccaagugcc uuccaguaat t 2191521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
915uucucaucgu cugcuccuct t 2191621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 916gaggagcaga cgaugagaat t
2191721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 917ggaaggcacu uggcaucuct t 2191821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
918gagaugccaa gugccuucct t 2191921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 919ggcacuuggc aucuccccat t
2192021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 920uggggagaug ccaagugcct t 2192121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
921ggcaucuccc cauuccaugt t 2192221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 922cauggaaugg ggagaugcct t
2192321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 923gcaucucccc auuccaugat t 2192421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
924ucauggaaug gggagaugct t 2192521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 925caucucccca uuccaugagt t
2192621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 926cucauggaau ggggagaugt t 2192721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
927aucuccccau uccaugagct t 2192821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 928gcucauggaa uggggagaut t
2192921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 929cuccccauuc caugagcaut t 2193021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
930augcucaugg aauggggagt t 2193121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 931cccauuccau gagcaugcat t
2193221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 932ugcaugcuca uggaaugggt t 2193321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
933ccaugagcau gcagaggugt t 2193421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 934caccucugca ugcucauggt t
2193521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 935agcaugcaga ggugguauut t 2193621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
936aauaccaccu cugcaugcut t 2193721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 937caugcagagg ugguauucat t
2193821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 938ugaauaccac cucugcaugt t 2193921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
939augcagaggu gguauucact t 2194021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 940gugaauacca ccucugcaut t
2194121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 941ggugguauuc acagccaact t 2194221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
942guuggcugug aauaccacct t 2194321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 943gugguauuca cagccaacgt t
2194421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 944cguuggcugu gaauaccact t 2194521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
945ugguauucac agccaacgat t 2194621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 946ucguuggcug ugaauaccat t
2194721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 947gguauucaca gccaacgact t 2194821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
948gucguuggcu gugaauacct t 2194921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 949guauucacag ccaacgacut t
2195021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 950agucguuggc ugugaauact t 2195121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
951uauucacagc caacgacuct t 2195221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 952gagucguugg cugugaauat t
2195321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 953ucacagccaa cgacuccggt t 2195421DNAHomo
sapienssourceDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
954ccggagucgu uggcugugat t 2195521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 955ccccgccgcu acaccauugt t
2195621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 956caauggugua gcggcggggt t 2195721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
957gaaguccacu cauucuuggt t 2195821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 958ccaagaauga guggacuuct t
2195921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 959cccugcugag ccccuacuct t 2196021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
960gaguaggggc ucagcagggt t 2196121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 961cugagccccu acuccuauut t
2196221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 962aauaggagua ggggcucagt t 2196321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
963ugagccccua cuccuauuct t 2196421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 964gaauaggagu aggggcucat t
2196521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 965ccccuacucc uauuccacct t 2196621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
966gguggaauag gaguaggggt t 2196721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 967cuacuccuau uccaccacgt t
2196821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 968cgugguggaa uaggaguagt t 2196921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
969uacuccuauu ccaccacggt t 2197021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 970ccguggugga auaggaguat t
2197121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 971acuccuauuc caccacggct t 2197221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
972gccguggugg aauaggagut t 2197321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 973uccuauucca ccacggcugt t
2197421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 974cagccguggu ggaauaggat t 2197521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
975uauuccacca cggcugucgt t 2197621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 976cgacagccgu gguggaauat t
2197721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 977auuccaccac ggcugucgut t 2197821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
978acgacagccg ugguggaaut t 2197921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 979caccacggcu gucgucacct t
2198021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 980ggugacgaca gccguggugt t 2198121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
981accacggcug ucgucaccat t 2198221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 982uggugacgac agccguggut t
2198321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 983ccacggcugu cgucaccaat t 2198421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
984uuggugacga cagccguggt t 2198521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 985acggcugucg ucaccaauct t
2198621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 986gauuggugac gacagccgut t 2198721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
987cggcugucgu caccaaucct t 2198821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 988ggauugguga cgacagccgt t
2198921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 989cgucaccaau cccaaggaat t 2199021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
990uuccuuggga uuggugacgt t 2199121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 991caaucccaag gaaugagggt t
2199221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 992cccucauucc uugggauugt t 2199321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
993ccugaaggac gagggauggt t 2199421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 994ccaucccucg uccuucaggt t
2199521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 995ggacgaggga ugggauuuct t 2199621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
996gaaaucccau cccucgucct t 2199721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 997aaguccacuc auucuuggct t
2199821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo
sapiens 998gccaagaaug aguggacuut t 2199921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
999gggauuucau guaaccaagt t 21100021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1000cuugguuaca ugaaauccct t
21100121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1001ggauuucaug uaaccaagat t 21100221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1002ucuugguuac augaaaucct t 21100321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1003ucauguaacc aagaguauut t
21100421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1004aauacucuug guuacaugat t 21100521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1005auguaaccaa gaguauucct t 21100621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1006ggaauacucu ugguuacaut t
21100721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1007uguaaccaag aguauuccat t 21100821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1008uggaauacuc uugguuacat t 21100921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1009guaaccaaga guauuccaut t
21101021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1010auggaauacu cuugguuact t 21101121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1011ugccuugcug gacugguaut t 21101221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1012auaccagucc agcaaggcat t
21101321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1013uaaagcagug uuuucaccut t 21101421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1014aggugaaaac acugcuuuat t 21101521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1015gccuugcugg acugguauut t
21101621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1016aauaccaguc cagcaaggct t 21101721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1017uguuuucacc ucauaugcut t 21101821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1018agcauaugag gugaaaacat t
21101921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1019guuuucaccu cauaugcuat t 21102021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1020uagcauauga ggugaaaact t 21102121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1021uuuucaccuc auaugcuaut t
21102221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1022auagcauaug aggugaaaat t 21102321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1023uucaccucau augcuaugut t 21102421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1024acauagcaua ugaggugaat t
21102521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1025caccucauau gcuauguuat t 21102621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1026uaacauagca uaugaggugt t 21102721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1027ccuugcugga cugguauuut t
21102821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1028aaauaccagu ccagcaaggt t 21102921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1029auaugcuaug uuagaaguct t 21103021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1030gacuucuaac auagcauaut t
21103121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1031uaugcuaugu uagaagucct t 21103221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1032ggacuucuaa cauagcauat t 21103321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1033ugcuauguua gaaguccagt t
21103421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1034cuggacuucu aacauagcat t 21103521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1035cuugcuggac ugguauuugt t 21103621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1036caaauaccag uccagcaagt t
21103721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1037aguccaggca gagacaauat t 21103821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1038uauugucucu gccuggacut t 21103921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1039uccaggcaga gacaauaaat t
21104021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1040uuuauugucu cugccuggat t 21104121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1041gugaaaggca cuuuucauut t 21104221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1042aaugaaaagu gccuuucact t
21104321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1043uggacuggua uuugugucut t 21104421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1044agacacaaau accaguccat t 21104521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1045gucugaggcu ggcccuacgt t
21104621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1046cguagggcca gccucagact t 21104721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1047cugaggcugg cccuacgggt t 21104821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1048cccguagggc cagccucagt t
21104921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1049gaggcuggcc cuacgggcat t 21105021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1050ugcccguagg gccagccuct t 21105121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1051aggcuggccc uacgggcact t
21105221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1052gugcccguag ggccagccut t 21105321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1053gcuggcccua cgggcaccgt t 21105421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1054cggugcccgu agggccagct t
21105521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1055cuggcccuac gggcaccggt t 21105621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1056ccggugcccg uagggccagt t 21105721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1057ggcccuacgg gcaccggugt t
21105821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1058caccggugcc cguagggcct t 21105921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1059ccacucauuc uuggcaggat t 21106021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1060uccugccaag aaugaguggt t
21106121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1061ccuacgggca ccggugaaut t 21106221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1062auucaccggu gcccguaggt t 21106321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1063cuacgggcac cggugaauct t
21106421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1064gauucaccgg ugcccguagt t 21106521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1065uacgggcacc ggugaaucct t 21106621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1066ggauucaccg gugcccguat t
21106721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1067acgggcaccg gugaauccat t 21106821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1068uggauucacc ggugcccgut t 21106921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1069gcaccgguga auccaagugt t
21107021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1070cacuuggauu caccggugct t 21107121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1071caccggugaa uccaagugut t 21107221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1072acacuuggau ucaccggugt t
21107321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1073uguggccaug cauguguuct t 21107421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1074gaacacaugc auggccacat t 21107521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1075guggccaugc auguguucat t
21107621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1076ugaacacaug cauggccact t 21107721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1077gccaugcaug uguucagaat t 21107821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1078uucugaacac augcauggct t
21107921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1079uauuccacca cggcugucat t 21108021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1080ugacagccgu gguggaauat t 21108121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1081gucaucacca aucccaaggt t
21108221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1082ccuugggauu ggugaugact t 21108321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1083guccucugau ggucaaagut t 21108421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1084acuuugacca ucagaggact t
21108521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1085gauggucaaa guucuagaut t 21108621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1086aucuagaacu uugaccauct t 21108721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1087augcuguccg aggcagucct t
21108821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1088ggacugccuc ggacagcaut t 21108921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1089ccgugcaugu guucagaaat t 21109021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1090uuucugaaca caugcacggt t
21109121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1091agucuggaga gcugcauggt t 21109221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1092ccaugcagcu cuccagacut t 21109321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1093caugggcuca caacugaggt t
21109421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1094ccucaguugu gagcccaugt t 21109521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1095ucucaucguc ugcuccucct t 21109621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1096ggaggagcag acgaugagat t
21109721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1097ccccauucca ugagcaugct t 21109821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1098gcaugcucau ggaauggggt t 21109921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1099gccccuacuc cuauuccact t
21110021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1100guggaauagg aguaggggct t 21110121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1101cuauuccacc acggcuguct t 21110221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1102gacagccgug guggaauagt t
21110321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1103cacggcuguc gucaccaaut t 21110421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1104auuggugacg acagccgugt t 21110521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1105aggacgaggg augggauuut t
21110621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1106aaaucccauc ccucguccut t 21110721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1107ucaccucaua ugcuauguut t 21110821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1108aacauagcau augaggugat t
21110921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1109ccucauaugc uauguuagat t 21111021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1110ucuaacauag cauaugaggt t 21111121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1111auguuagaag uccaggcagt t
21111221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1112cugccuggac uucuaacaut t 21111321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1113ucugaggcug gcccuacggt t 21111421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1114ccguagggcc agccucagat t
21111521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1115ggcccuacgg gcaccggugt t 21111621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1116caccggugcc cguagggcct t 21111721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1117gggcaccggu gaauccaagt t
21111821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1118cuuggauuca ccggugccct t 21111921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1119ccaugcaugu guucagaaat t 21112021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1120uuucugaaca caugcauggt t
21112119RNARattus norvegicus 1121guccucugau ggucaaagu
19112219RNARattus norvegicus 1122acuuugacca ucagaggac
19112319RNARattus norvegicus 1123uucuugcucu auaaaccgu
19112419RNARattus norvegicus 1124acgguuuaua gagcaagaa
19112519RNARattus norvegicus 1125cucuauaaac cguguuagc
19112619RNARattus norvegicus 1126gcuaacacgg uuuauagag
19112719RNARattus norvegicus 1127ucgccacuac accaucgca
19112819RNARattus norvegicus 1128ugcgauggug uaguggcga
19112919RNARattus norvegicus 1129ucuugcucua uaaaccgug
19113019RNARattus norvegicus 1130cacgguuuau agagcaaga
19113119RNARattus norvegicus 1131ugcucuauaa accguguua
19113219RNARattus norvegicus 1132uaacacgguu uauagagca
19113319RNARattus norvegicus 1133caguguucuu gcucuauaa
19113419RNARattus norvegicus 1134uuauagagca agaacacug
19113519RNARattus norvegicus 1135gcucuauaaa ccguguuag
19113619RNARattus norvegicus 1136cuaacacggu uuauagagc
19113719RNARattus norvegicus 1137ccuggaugcu guccgaggc
19113819RNARattus norvegicus 1138gccucggaca gcauccagg
19113919RNARattus norvegicus 1139ucugaugguc aaaguccug
19114019RNARattus norvegicus 1140caggacuuug accaucaga
19114119RNARattus norvegicus 1141cuggagagcu gcacgggcu
19114219RNARattus norvegicus 1142agcccgugca gcucuccag
19114319RNARattus norvegicus 1143ucuauaaacc guguuagca
19114419RNARattus norvegicus 1144ugcuaacacg guuuauaga
19114519RNARattus norvegicus 1145aacaguguuc uugcucuau
19114619RNARattus norvegicus 1146auagagcaag aacacuguu
19114719RNARattus norvegicus 1147cucugauggu caaaguccu
19114819RNARattus norvegicus 1148aggacuuuga ccaucagag
19114919RNARattus norvegicus 1149ugcuguccga ggcagcccu
19115019RNARattus norvegicus 1150agggcugccu cggacagca
19115119RNARattus norvegicus 1151gucuggagag cugcacggg
19115219RNARattus norvegicus 1152cccgugcagc ucuccagac
19115319RNARattus norvegicus 1153acaguguucu ugcucuaua
19115419RNARattus norvegicus 1154uauagagcaa gaacacugu
19115519RNARattus norvegicus 1155ccucugaugg ucaaagucc
19115619RNARattus norvegicus 1156ggacuuugac caucagagg
19115719RNARattus norvegicus 1157aguccuggau gcuguccga
19115819RNARattus norvegicus 1158ucggacagca uccaggacu
19115919RNARattus norvegicus 1159uugccucugg gaagaccgc
19116019RNARattus norvegicus 1160gcggucuucc cagaggcaa
19116119RNARattus norvegicus 1161uggagagcug cacgggcuc
19116219RNARattus norvegicus 1162gagcccgugc agcucucca
19116319RNARattus norvegicus 1163gagagcugca cgggcucac
19116419RNARattus norvegicus 1164gugagcccgu gcagcucuc
19116519RNARattus norvegicus 1165gagcugcacg ggcucacca
19116619RNARattus norvegicus 1166uggugagccc gugcagcuc
19116719RNARattus norvegicus 1167uacaccaucg cagcccugc
19116819RNARattus norvegicus 1168gcagggcugc gauggugua
19116919RNARattus norvegicus 1169guccuggaug cuguccgag
19117019RNARattus norvegicus 1170cucggacagc auccaggac
19117119RNARattus norvegicus 1171agagcugcac gggcucacc
19117219RNARattus norvegicus 1172ggugagcccg ugcagcucu
19117321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g,
unknown or other 1173guccucugau ggucaaagun n 21117421DNARattus
norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1174acuuugacca ucagaggacn n 21117521DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1175uucuugcucu auaaaccgun n 21117621DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1176acgguuuaua gagcaagaan n 21117721DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1177cucuauaaac cguguuagcn n 21117821DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1178gcuaacacgg uuuauagagn n 21117921DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1179ucgccacuac accaucgcan n 21118021DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1180ugcgauggug uaguggcgan n 21118121DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1181ucuugcucua uaaaccgugn n 21118221DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1182cacgguuuau agagcaagan n 21118321DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1183ugcucuauaa accguguuan n 21118421DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1184uaacacgguu uauagagcan n 21118521DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1185caguguucuu gcucuauaan n 21118621DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1186uuauagagca agaacacugn n 21118721DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1187gcucuauaaa ccguguuagn n 21118821DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1188cuaacacggu uuauagagcn n 21118921DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1189ccuggaugcu guccgaggcn n 21119021DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1190gccucggaca gcauccaggn n 21119121DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1191ucugaugguc aaaguccugn n 21119221DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1192caggacuuug accaucagan n 21119321DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1193cuggagagcu gcacgggcun n 21119421DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1194agcccgugca gcucuccagn n 21119521DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1195ucuauaaacc guguuagcan n 21119621DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1196ugcuaacacg guuuauagan n 21119721DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1197aacaguguuc uugcucuaun n 21119821DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1198auagagcaag aacacuguun n 21119921DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1199cucugauggu caaaguccun n 21120021DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1200aggacuuuga ccaucagagn n 21120121DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1201ugcuguccga ggcagcccun n 21120221DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1202agggcugccu cggacagcan n 21120321DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1203gucuggagag cugcacgggn n 21120421DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1204cccgugcagc ucuccagacn n 21120521DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1205acaguguucu ugcucuauan n 21120621DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1206uauagagcaa gaacacugun n 21120721DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1207ccucugaugg ucaaaguccn n 21120821DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1208ggacuuugac caucagaggn n 21120921DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1209aguccuggau gcuguccgan n 21121021DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1210ucggacagca uccaggacun n 21121121DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1211uugccucugg gaagaccgcn n 21121221DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1212gcggucuucc cagaggcaan n 21121321DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1213uggagagcug cacgggcucn n 21121421DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1214gagcccgugc agcucuccan n 21121521DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1215gagagcugca cgggcucacn n 21121621DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1216gugagcccgu gcagcucucn n 21121721DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1217gagcugcacg ggcucaccan n 21121821DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1218uggugagccc gugcagcucn n 21121921DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1219uacaccaucg cagcccugcn n 21122021DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1220gcagggcugc gaugguguan n 21122121DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1221guccuggaug cuguccgagn n 21122221DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1222cucggacagc auccaggacn n 21122321DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1223agagcugcac gggcucaccn n 21122421DNARattus
norvegicussourceDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus
norvegicusmodified_base(20)..(21)a, c, t, g, unknown or other
1224ggugagcccg ugcagcucun n 21122521DNARattus norvegicusDescription
of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1225guccucugau
ggucaaagut t 21122621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined
DNA/RNA Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1226acuuugacca ucagaggact t
21122721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1227uucuugcucu auaaaccgut t
21122821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1228acgguuuaua gagcaagaat t
21122921DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1229cucuauaaac cguguuagct t
21123021DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1230gcuaacacgg uuuauagagt t
21123121DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1231ucgccacuac accaucgcat t
21123221DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1232ugcgauggug uaguggcgat t
21123321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1233ucuugcucua uaaaccgugt t
21123421DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1234cacgguuuau agagcaagat t
21123521DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1235ugcucuauaa accguguuat t
21123621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1236uaacacgguu uauagagcat t
21123721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1237caguguucuu gcucuauaat t
21123821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1238uuauagagca agaacacugt t
21123921DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1239gcucuauaaa ccguguuagt t
21124021DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1240cuaacacggu uuauagagct t
21124121DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1241ccuggaugcu guccgaggct t
21124221DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1242gccucggaca gcauccaggt t
21124321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1243ucugaugguc aaaguccugt t
21124421DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1244caggacuuug accaucagat t
21124521DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1245cuggagagcu gcacgggcut t
21124621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1246agcccgugca gcucuccagt t
21124721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1247ucuauaaacc guguuagcat t
21124821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1248ugcuaacacg guuuauagat t
21124921DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1249aacaguguuc uugcucuaut t
21125021DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1250auagagcaag aacacuguut t
21125121DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1251cucugauggu caaaguccut t
21125221DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1252aggacuuuga ccaucagagt t
21125321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1253ugcuguccga ggcagcccut t
21125421DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1254agggcugccu cggacagcat t
21125521DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1255gucuggagag cugcacgggt t
21125621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1256cccgugcagc ucuccagact t
21125721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1257acaguguucu ugcucuauat t
21125821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1258uauagagcaa gaacacugut t
21125921DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1259ccucugaugg ucaaagucct t
21126021DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1260ggacuuugac caucagaggt t
21126121DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1261aguccuggau gcuguccgat t
21126221DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1262ucggacagca uccaggacut t
21126321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1263uugccucugg gaagaccgct t
21126421DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1264gcggucuucc cagaggcaat t
21126521DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1265uggagagcug cacgggcuct t
21126621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1266gagcccgugc agcucuccat t
21126721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1267gagagcugca cgggcucact t
21126821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1268gugagcccgu gcagcucuct t
21126921DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1269gagcugcacg ggcucaccat t
21127021DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1270uggugagccc gugcagcuct t
21127121DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1271uacaccaucg cagcccugct t
21127221DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1272gcagggcugc gaugguguat t
21127321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1273guccuggaug cuguccgagt t
21127421DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1274cucggacagc auccaggact t
21127521DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1275agagcugcac gggcucacct t
21127621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1276ggugagcccg ugcagcucut t
21127721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1277guccucugau ggucaaagut t
21127821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1278acuuugacca ucagaggact t
21127921DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1279uucuugcucu auaaaccgut t
21128021DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1280acgguuuaua gagcaagaat t
21128121DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1281cucuauaaac cguguuagct t
21128221DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1282gcuaacacgg uuuauagagt t
21128321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1283ucgccacuac accaucgcat t
21128421DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1284ugcgauggug uaguggcgat t
21128521DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1285ucuugcucua uaaaccgugt t
21128621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1286cacgguuuau agagcaagat t
21128721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1287ugcucuauaa accguguuat t
21128821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1288uaacacgguu uauagagcat t
21128921DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1289caguguucuu gcucuauaat t
21129021DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1290uuauagagca agaacacugt t
21129121DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1291gcucuauaaa ccguguuagt t
21129221DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1292cuaacacggu uuauagagct t
21129321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1293ccuggaugcu guccgaggct t
21129421DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1294gccucggaca gcauccaggt t
21129521DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1295ucugaugguc aaaguccugt t
21129621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1296caggacuuug accaucagat t
21129721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1297cuggagagcu gcacgggcut t
21129821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1298agcccgugca gcucuccagt t
21129921DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1299ucuauaaacc guguuagcat t
21130021DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1300ugcuaacacg guuuauagat t
21130121DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1301aacaguguuc uugcucuaut t
21130221DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1302auagagcaag aacacuguut t
21130321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1303cucugauggu caaaguccut t
21130421DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1304aggacuuuga ccaucagagt t
21130521DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1305ugcuguccga ggcagcccut t
21130621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1306agggcugccu cggacagcat t
21130721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1307gucuggagag cugcacgggt t
21130821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1308cccgugcagc ucuccagact t
21130921DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1309acaguguucu ugcucuauat t
21131021DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1310uauagagcaa gaacacugut t
21131121DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1311ccucugaugg ucaaagucct t
21131221DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1312ggacuuugac caucagaggt t
21131321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1313aguccuggau gcuguccgat t
21131421DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1314ucggacagca uccaggacut t
21131521DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1315uugccucugg gaagaccgct t
21131621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1316gcggucuucc cagaggcaat t
21131721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1317uggagagcug cacgggcuct t
21131821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1318gagcccgugc agcucuccat t
21131921DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1319gagagcugca cgggcucact t
21132021DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1320gugagcccgu gcagcucuct t
21132121DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1321gagcugcacg ggcucaccat t
21132221DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1322uggugagccc gugcagcuct t
21132321DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1323uacaccaucg cagcccugct t
21132421DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1324gcagggcugc gaugguguat t
21132521DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1325guccuggaug cuguccgagt t
21132621DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1326cucggacagc auccaggact t
21132721DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1327agagcugcac gggcucacct t
21132821DNARattus norvegicusDescription of Combined DNA/RNA
Molecule Rattus norvegicus 1328ggugagcccg ugcagcucut t
211329650DNAHomo sapiens 1329acagaagtcc actcattctt ggcaggatgg
cttctcatcg tctgctcctc ctctgccttg 60ctggactggt atttgtgtct gaggctggcc
ctacgggcac cggtgaatcc aagtgtcctc 120tgatggtcaa agttctagat
gctgtccgag gcagtcctgc catcaatgtg gccgtgcatg 180tgttcagaaa
ggctgctgat gacacctggg agccatttgc ctctgggaaa accagtgagt
240ctggagagct gcatgggctc acaactgagg aggaatttgt agaagggata
tacaaagtgg 300aaatagacac caaatcttac tggaaggcac ttggcatctc
cccattccat gagcatgcag 360aggtggtatt cacagccaac gactccggcc
cccgccgcta caccattgcc gccctgctga 420gcccctactc ctattccacc
acggctgtcg tcaccaatcc caaggaatga gggacttctc 480ctccagtgga
cctgaaggac gagggatggg atttcatgta accaagagta ttccattttt
540actaaagcag tgttttcacc tcatatgcta tgttagaagt ccaggcagag
acaataaaac 600attcctgtga aaggcacttt tcattccaaa aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa 6501330595DNARattus norvegicus 1330cctgacagga tggcttccct
tcgcctgttc ctcctctgcc tcgctggact gatatttgcg 60tctgaagctg gccctggggg
tgctggagaa tccaagtgtc ctctgatggt caaagtcctg 120gatgctgtcc
gaggcagccc tgctgtcgat gtggccgtga aagtgttcaa aaggactgca
180gacggaagct gggagccgtt tgcctctggg aagaccgccg agtctggaga
gctgcacggg 240ctcaccacag atgagaagtt cacggaaggg gtgtacaggg
tagaactgga caccaaatca 300tactggaagg ctcttggcat ttccccattc
catgaatacg cagaggtggt tttcacagcc 360aatgactctg gtcatcgcca
ctacaccatc gcagccctgc tcagcccgta ctcctacagc 420accactgctg
tcgtcagtaa cccccagaac tgagggaccc agcccacgag gaccaagatc
480ttgccaaagc agtagctccc atttgtactg aaacagtgtt cttgctctat
aaaccgtgtt 540agcaactcgg gaagatgccg tgaaacgttc ttattaaacc
acctttattt cattc 5951331938DNAHomo sapiens 1331gttgactaag
tcaataatca gaatcagcag gtttgcagtc agattggcag ggataagcag 60cctagctcag
gagaagtgag tataaaagcc ccaggctggg agcagccatc acagaagtcc
120actcattctt ggcaggatgg cttctcatcg tctgctcctc ctctgccttg
ctggactggt 180atttgtgtct gaggctggcc ctacgggcac cggtgaatcc
aagtgtcctc tgatggtcaa 240agttctagat gctgtccgag gcagtcctgc
catcaatgtg gccgtgcatg tgttcagaaa 300ggctgctgat gacacctggg
agccatttgc ctctgggaaa accagtgagt ctggagagct 360gcatgggctc
acaactgagg aggaatttgt agaagggata tacaaagtgg aaatagacac
420caaatcttac tggaaggcac ttggcatctc cccattccat gagcatgcag
aggtggtatt 480cacagccaac gactccggcc cccgccgcta caccattgcc
gccctgctga gcccctactc 540ctattccacc acggctgtcg tcaccaatcc
caaggaatga gggacttctc ctccagtgga 600cctgaaggac gagggatggg
atttcatgta accaagagta ttccattttt actaaagcag 660tgttttcacc
tcatatgcta tgttagaagt ccaggcagag acaataaaac attcctgtga
720aaggcacttt tcattccact ttaacttgat tttttaaatt cccttattgt
cccttccaaa 780aaaaagagaa tcaaaatttt acaaagaatc aaaggaattc
tagaaagtat ctgggcagaa 840cgctaggaga gatccaaatt tccattgtct
tgcaagcaaa gcacgtatta aatatgatct 900gcagccatta aaaagacaca
ttctgtaaaa aaaaaaaa 938133221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined
DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1332gggauuucau guaaccaagt t
21133321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1333cuugguuaca ugaaauccct t 21133421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1334ggauuucaug uaaccaagat t 21133521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1335ucuugguuac augaaaucct t
21133621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1336gauuucaugu aaccaagagt t 21133721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1337cucuugguua caugaaauct t 21133821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1338auuucaugua accaagagut t
21133921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1339acucuugguu acaugaaaut t 21134021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1340uuucauguaa ccaagaguat t 21134121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1341uacucuuggu uacaugaaat t
21134221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1342uucauguaac caagaguaut t 21134321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1343auacucuugg uuacaugaat t 21134421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1344ucauguaacc aagaguauut t
21134521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1345aauacucuug guuacaugat t 21134621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1346cauguaacca agaguauuct t 21134721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1347gaauacucuu gguuacaugt t
21134821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1348auguaaccaa gaguauucct t 21134921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1349ggaauacucu ugguuacaut t 21135021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1350uguaaccaag aguauuccat t
21135121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1351uggaauacuc uugguuacat t 21135221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1352uaaccaagag uauuccauut t 21135321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1353aauggaauac ucuugguuat t
21135421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1354aaccaagagu auuccauuut t 21135521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1355aaauggaaua cucuugguut t 21135621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1356accaagagua uuccauuuut t
21135721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1357aaaauggaau acucuuggut t 21135821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1358ccaagaguau uccauuuuut t 21135921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1359aaaaauggaa uacucuuggt t
21136021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1360caagaguauu ccauuuuuat t 21136121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1361uaaaaaugga auacucuugt t 21136221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1362aagaguauuc cauuuuuact t
21136321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1363guaaaaaugg aauacucuut t 21136421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1364agaguauucc auuuuuacut t 21136521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1365aguaaaaaug gaauacucut t
21136621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1366gaguauucca uuuuuacuat t 21136721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1367uaguaaaaau ggaauacuct t 21136821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1368aguauuccau uuuuacuaat t
21136921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1369uuaguaaaaa uggaauacut t 21137021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1370guauuccauu uuuacuaaat t 21137121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1371uuuaguaaaa auggaauact t
21137221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1372uauuccauuu uuacuaaagt t 21137321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1373cuuuaguaaa aauggaauat t 21137421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1374auuccauuuu uacuaaagct t
21137521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1375gcuuuaguaa aaauggaaut t 21137621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1376uuccauuuuu acuaaagcat t 21137721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1377ugcuuuagua aaaauggaat t
21137821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1378uccauuuuua cuaaagcagt t 21137921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1379cugcuuuagu aaaaauggat t 21138021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1380ccauuuuuac uaaagcagut t
21138121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1381acugcuuuag uaaaaauggt t 21138221DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1382cauuuuuacu aaagcagugt t 21138321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1383cacugcuuua guaaaaaugt t
21138421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1384auuuuuacua aagcagugut t 21138521DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1385acacugcuuu aguaaaaaut t 21138621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1386uuuuuacuaa agcaguguut t
21138721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1387aacacugcuu uaguaaaaat t 21138821DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1388uuuuacuaaa gcaguguuut t 21138921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1389aaacacugcu uuaguaaaat t
21139021DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1390uuuacuaaag caguguuuut t 21139121DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1391aaaacacugc uuuaguaaat t 21139221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1392uuacuaaagc aguguuuuct t
21139321DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1393gaaaacacug cuuuaguaat t 21139421DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1394uacuaaagca guguuuucat t 21139521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1395ugaaaacacu gcuuuaguat t
21139621DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1396acuaaagcag uguuuucact t 21139721DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1397gugaaaacac ugcuuuagut t 21139821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1398cuaaagcagu guuuucacct t
21139921DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1399ggugaaaaca cugcuuuagt t 21140021DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1400uaaagcagug uuuucaccut t 21140121DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1401aggugaaaac acugcuuuat t
21140221DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1402aaagcagugu uuucaccuct t 21140321DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1403gaggugaaaa cacugcuuut t 21140421DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1404aagcaguguu uucaccucat t
21140521DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1405ugaggugaaa acacugcuut t 21140621DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1406agcaguguuu ucaccucaut t 21140721DNAHomo sapiensDescription of
Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens 1407augaggugaa aacacugcut t
21140821DNAHomo sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule
Homo sapiens 1408guaaccaaga guauuccaut t 21140921DNAHomo
sapiensDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Homo sapiens
1409auggaauacu cuugguuact t 21141019DNAArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic
oligonucleotideDescription of Combined DNA/RNA Molecule Synthetic
oligonucleotide 1410gtaaccaa gagtattccat 19
* * * * *