U.S. patent application number 16/791783 was filed with the patent office on 2020-08-13 for insecticidal compounds.
This patent application is currently assigned to SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG. The applicant listed for this patent is SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG. Invention is credited to Andrew EDMUNDS, Thomas PITTERNA, Andre STOLLER.
Application Number | 20200253205 16/791783 |
Document ID | 20200253205 / US20200253205 |
Family ID | 1000004782406 |
Filed Date | 2020-08-13 |
Patent Application | download [pdf] |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200253205 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
PITTERNA; Thomas ; et
al. |
August 13, 2020 |
INSECTICIDAL COMPOUNDS
Abstract
The present invention relates to novel triazole derivatives of
formula (I) having insecticidal activity, to processes and
intermediates for preparing them, to insecticidal, acaricidal,
nematicidal or molluscicidal compositions comprising them and to
methods of using them to combat and control insect, acarine,
nematode or mollusc pests ##STR00001## wherein Y, X.sub.1, X.sub.2
and Q are as defined in claim 1; or salts thereof.
Inventors: |
PITTERNA; Thomas; (Stein,
CH) ; STOLLER; Andre; (Stein, CH) ; EDMUNDS;
Andrew; (Stein, CH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG |
Basel |
|
CH |
|
|
Assignee: |
SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG
Basel
CH
|
Family ID: |
1000004782406 |
Appl. No.: |
16/791783 |
Filed: |
February 14, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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16191145 |
Nov 14, 2018 |
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16791783 |
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15824099 |
Nov 28, 2017 |
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16191145 |
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15107388 |
Jun 22, 2016 |
9839216 |
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PCT/EP2014/078815 |
Dec 19, 2014 |
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15824099 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07C 255/57 20130101;
A01N 43/40 20130101; C07D 213/81 20130101; C07C 237/42 20130101;
C07D 213/89 20130101; C07C 237/44 20130101; A01N 37/24 20130101;
C07C 255/60 20130101; A01N 37/34 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A01N 37/24 20060101
A01N037/24; C07C 255/57 20060101 C07C255/57; C07C 237/42 20060101
C07C237/42; C07C 237/44 20060101 C07C237/44; C07D 213/81 20060101
C07D213/81; A01N 37/46 20060101 A01N037/46; A01N 43/40 20060101
A01N043/40; A01N 37/34 20060101 A01N037/34; C07C 255/60 20060101
C07C255/60; C07D 213/89 20060101 C07D213/89 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 23, 2013 |
EP |
13199383.4 |
Claims
1. A compound of formula (I): ##STR00226## wherein Y is chlorine or
bromine, X.sub.2 is cyano and X.sub.1 is hydrogen, R is hydrogen or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, Q is a group selected from Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
and Q5, where Q1 is a group of formula (IIa): ##STR00227## where
the substituents W1 are independently selected from halogen, cyano,
nitro, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy and C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, and n1 is 1
or 2, Q2 is a group of formula (IIb): ##STR00228## where W.sub.2 is
selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy and
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, Q3 is a group of formula (IIc):
##STR00229## where W.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen,
cyano, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy and C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, Q4 is a
group of formula (IId): ##STR00230## where W.sub.4 is selected from
hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy and C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy,
and Q5 is a group of formula (He) ##STR00231## where W.sub.5 is
selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy and
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, or an agrochemically acceptable salt
thereof.
2. The compound of formula (I) according to claim 1, wherein in
that Q is Q1.
3. The compound of formula (I) according to claim 3, wherein n1 is
2.
4. The compound of formula (I) according to claim 1, wherein in
that R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
5. The compound of formula (I) according to claim 1, selected from:
##STR00232##
6. A method of controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs
which comprises applying to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a
plant susceptible to attack by a pest an insecticidally,
acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of
a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1.
7. An insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal or molluscicidal
composition comprising an insecticidally, acaricidally,
nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a compound of
formula (I) as defined in claim 1 together with an agrochemically
acceptable diluent or carrier.
8. A composition according to claim 7 which further comprises one
or more additional insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal or
molluscicidal compounds.
9. A method of protecting useful plants from insects, acarines,
nematodes or molluscs, comprising applying to said plants, to the
locus thereof, or to plant propagation material thereof, an
insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally
effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim
1.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 16/191,145, filed 14 Nov. 2018, which is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/824,099, filed
28 Nov. 2017, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 15/107,388, filed 22 Jun. 2016, which is a 371 of International
Application No. PCT/EP2014/078815, filed 19 Dec. 2014, which claims
priority to EP Patent Application No. 13199383.4, filed 23 Dec.
2013, the contents of which are incorporated by reference
herein.
[0002] The present invention relates to bis-amide derivatives, to
processes and intermediates for preparing them, to methods of using
them to control insect, acarine, nematode and mollusc pests, and to
insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal and molluscicidal
compositions comprising them.
[0003] Compounds having insecticidal properties are disclosed in
EP1714958, JP2006306771, WO2006137376, EP1916236, WO2007017075,
WO2008000438, WO2008/074427, WO2009049845 and WO2010127928. There
exists a need for alternative methods of control of pests.
Preferably, new compounds may possess improved insecticidal
properties, such as improved efficacy, improved selectivity,
reduced toxicity, lower tendency to generate resistance or activity
against a broader range of pests. Compounds may be more
advantageously formulated or provide more efficient delivery and
retention at sites of action, or may be more readily
biodegradable.
[0004] It has surprisingly been found that certain bisamide
derivatives, which are substituted by a difluoromethoxy bearing
arylhaloalkyl group, have beneficial properties, which makes them
particularly suitable for use as insecticides.
[0005] The present invention therefore provides a compound of
formula (I)
##STR00002##
[0006] wherein
[0007] Y is chlorine, bromine, iodine, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy,
[0008] X.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluorine or methoxy
[0009] X.sub.2 is hydrogen or cyano, with the condition that if
X.sub.2 is cyano, then X.sub.1 is hydrogen,
[0010] R is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl
[0011] Q is a group selected from Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, where
[0012] Q1 is a group of formula (IIa)
##STR00003##
[0013] Where the substituents W1 are independently selected from,
hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy,
[0014] and
[0015] n1 is 0, 1 or 2
[0016] Q2 is a group of formula (IIb)
##STR00004##
[0017] Where W.sub.2 is selected from, hydrogen, halogen, cyano,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkoxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy,
[0018] Q3 is a group of formula (IIc)
##STR00005##
[0019] Where W.sub.3 is selected from, hydrogen, halogen, cyano,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkoxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy,
[0020] Q4 is a group of formula (IId)
##STR00006##
[0021] Where W.sub.4 is selected, hydrogen, halogen, cyano,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkoxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy,
[0022] Q5 is a group of formula (IIe)
##STR00007##
[0023] Where W.sub.5 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkoxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkoxy
[0024] or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof.
[0025] The compounds of formula (I) may exist in different
geometric or optical isomers (enantiomers and/or diastereoisomers)
or tautomeric forms. This invention covers all such isomers and
tautomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions as well as
isotopic forms such as deuterated compounds.
[0026] Each alkyl moiety either alone or as part of a larger group
(such as alkoxy, alkoxy-carbonyl, alkylcarbonyl,
alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl) is a straight or branched
chain and is, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl,
iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl. The alkyl
groups are preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl groups, more
preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.4 and most preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkyl groups.
[0027] Preferably the present invention provides a compound of
formula (I) wherein
[0028] X.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluorine or methoxy
[0029] X.sub.2 is hydrogen or cyano, with the condition that if
X.sub.2 is cyano, then X.sub.1 is hydrogen,
[0030] R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
[0031] Q is a group selected from Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, where
[0032] Q1 is a group of formula (IIa)
##STR00008##
[0033] Where the substituents W.sub.1 is cyano,
[0034] And n1 is 1
[0035] Q2 is a group of formula (IIb)
##STR00009##
[0036] Where W.sub.2 is hydrogen,
[0037] Q3 is a group of formula (IIc)
##STR00010##
[0038] Where W.sub.3 is hydrogen,
[0039] Q4 is a group of formula (IId)
##STR00011##
[0040] Where W.sub.4 is hydrogen
[0041] Q5 is a group of formula (He)
##STR00012##
[0042] Where W.sub.5 is hydrogen.
[0043] In one preferred embodiment Q1 is a group of formula
(IIa)
[0044] In one preferred embodiment Q2 is a group of formula
(IIb)
[0045] In one preferred embodiment Q3 is a group of formula
(IIc)
[0046] In one preferred embodiment Q4 is a group of formula
(IId)
[0047] In one preferred embodiment Q5 is a group of formula
(He)
[0048] In one preferred embodiment X.sub.1 is methoxy and X.sub.2
is hydrogen;
[0049] In one preferred embodiment X.sub.2 is cyano and X.sub.1 is
hydrogen;
[0050] A further aspect of the present invention relates to
compounds of formula (III)
##STR00013##
[0051] where Y is chlorine, bromine, iodine, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
haloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.4
haloalkoxy.
[0052] Preferably Y is Cl, Br, I, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2,
OCF.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, OCHF.sub.2
[0053] The compounds of the structure (III) are useful in the
synthesis of compounds according to formula (I).
[0054] The compounds in Tables A1 to A12 below illustrate the
compounds of the invention.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE A Line no Y Q 1 Cl 4-Pyridyl 2 Br 4-Pyridyl 3
I 4-Pyridyl 4 CH.sub.3 4-Pyridyl 5 Cl 4-Pyridyl-N-oxide 6 Br
4-Pyridyl-N-oxide 7 I 4-Pyridyl-N-oxide 8 CH.sub.3
4-Pyridyl-N-oxide 9 Cl 3-Pyridyl 10 Br 3-Pyridyl 11 I 3-Pyridyl 12
CH.sub.3 3-Pyridyl 13 Cl 3-Pyridyl-N-oxide 14 Br 3-Pyridyl-N-oxide
15 I 3-Pyridyl-N-oxide 16 CH.sub.3 3-Pyridyl-N-oxide 17 Cl
4-Cyanophenyl 18 Br 4-Cyanophenyl 19 I 4-Cyanophenyl 20 CH.sub.3
4-Cyanophenyl 21 Cl Phenyl 22 Br Phenyl 23 I Phenyl 24 CH.sub.3
Phenyl 25 Cl 2-Chlorophenyl 26 Br 2-Chlorophenyl 27 I
2-Chlorophenyl 28 CH.sub.3 2-Chlorophenyl 29 Cl 4-Nitrophenyl 30 Br
4-Nitrophenyl 31 I 4-Nitrophenyl 32 CH.sub.3 4-Nitrophenyl 33 Cl
4-Tolyl 34 Br 4-Tolyl 35 I 4-Tolyl 36 CH.sub.3 4-Tolyl 37 Cl
5-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl 38 Br 5-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl 39 I
5-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl 40 CH.sub.3 5-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl 41 Cl
2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl 42 Br 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl 43 I
2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl 44 CH.sub.3 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl 45 Cl
4-Trifluoromethylphenyl 46 Br 4-Trifluoromethylphenyl 47 I
4-Trifluoromethylphenyl 48 CH.sub.3 4-Trifluoromethylphenyl 49 Cl
4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl 50 Br
4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl 51 I
4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl 52 CH.sub.3
4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl 53 Cl 2-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl 54
Br 2-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl 55 I 2-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl 56
CH.sub.3 2-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl 57 Cl 2-Methoxyphenyl 58 Br
2-Methoxyphenyl 59 I 2-Methoxyphenyl 60 CH.sub.3 2-Methoxyphenyl 61
Cl 4-Fluorophenyl 62 Br 4-Fluorophenyl 63 I 4-Fluorophenyl 64
CH.sub.3 4-Fluorophenyl 65 Cl 2-Fluorophenyl 66 Br 2-Fluorophenyl
67 I 2-Fluorophenyl 68 CH.sub.3 2-Fluorophenyl 69 Cl
2-Trifluoromethylphenyl 70 Br 2-Trifluoromethylphenyl 71 I
2-Trifluoromethylphenyl 72 CH.sub.3 2-Trifluoromethylphenyl 73 Cl
2-Tolyl 74 Br 2-Tolyl 75 I 2-Tolyl 76 CH.sub.3 2-Tolyl 77 Cl
2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl 78 Br 2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl 79 I
2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl 80 CH.sub.3 2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl 81 Cl
2,3-Difluorophenyl 82 Br 2,3-Difluorophenyl 83 I 2,3-Difluorophenyl
84 CH.sub.3 2,3-Difluorophenyl 85 Cl 2,4-Difluorophenyl 86 Br
2,4-Difluorophenyl 87 I 2,4-Difluorophenyl 88 CH.sub.3
2,4-Difluorophenyl 89 Cl 2-Fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl 90 Br
2-Fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl 91 I
2-Fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl 92 CH.sub.3
2-Fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl 93 Cl 4-Fluoro-2-methylphenyl 94
Br 4-Fluoro-2-methylphenyl 95 I 4-Fluoro-2-methylphenyl 96 CH.sub.3
4-Fluoro-2-methylphenyl 97 Cl 4-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl 98 Br
4-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl 99 I 4-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl 100 CH.sub.3
4-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl 101 Cl 4-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl
102 Br 4-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl 103 I
4-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl 104 CH.sub.3
4-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl 105 Cl
2-Fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl 106 Br
2-Fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl 107 I
2-Fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl 108 CH.sub.3
2-Fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl 109 Cl 4-Cyano-2-methylphenyl 110
I 4-Cyano-2-methylphenyl 111 Br 4-Cyano-2-methylphenyl 112 CH.sub.3
4-Cyano-2-methylphenyl
[0055] Table A1 describes compounds (A1.1 to A1.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is hydrogen, X2 is hydrogen and R is
hydrogen.
[0056] Table A2 describes compounds (A2.1 to A2.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is hydrogen, X2 is hydrogen and R is
methyl.
[0057] Table A3 describes compounds (A3.1 to A3.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is hydrogen, X2 is hydrogen and R is
ethyl.
[0058] Table A4 describes compounds (A4.1 to A4.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is fluorine, X2 is hydrogen and R is
hydrogen.
[0059] Table A5 describes compounds (A5.1 to A5.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is fluorine, X2 is hydrogen and R is
methyl.
[0060] Table A6 describes compounds (A6.1 to A6.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is fluorine, X2 is hydrogen and R is
ethyl.
[0061] Table A7 describes compounds (A7.1 to A7.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is methoxy, X2 is hydrogen and R is
hydrogen.
[0062] Table A8 describes compounds (A8.1 to A8.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is methoxy, X2 is hydrogen and R is
methyl.
[0063] Table A9 describes compounds (A9.1 to A9.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is methoxy, X2 is hydrogen and R is
ethyl.
[0064] Table A10 describes compounds (A10.1 to A10.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is hydrogen, X2 is cyano and R is
hydrogen.
[0065] Table A11 describes compounds (A11.1 to A11.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is hydrogen, X2 is cyano and R is
methyl.
[0066] Table A12 describes compounds (A12.1 to A12.112) of the
structure (I), where Y and Q have the values indicated in table A
(line 1 to 112) and X1 is hydrogen, X2 is cyano and R is ethyl.
Structures of Formula (III)
##STR00014##
[0068] Table X of acetanilides of the structure (III)
TABLE-US-00002 Line no Y 1 Cl 2 Br 3 I 4 CH.sub.3 5 CF.sub.3 6
CHF.sub.2 7 OCF.sub.3 8 OCH.sub.3 9 OCHF.sub.2
[0069] The compounds of the invention may be made by a variety of
methods, for example, the methods disclosed in WO 08/000438 or WO
2010/127928.
[0070] 1) Compounds of formula (I) may be made by treatment of
compounds of formula (IV), wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, Y and R are as
defined for formula (I) with a compound of formula (V), wherein Q
is as defined for formula (I) and R.sub.2 is OH,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkoxy, Cl, F, Br or I. When R.sub.2 is OH, such
reactions may be carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent,
such as DCC (N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), EDC
(1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylamino-propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride) or
BOP--Cl (bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphonic chloride), in the
presence of a base, such as pyridine, triethylamine,
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or diisopropylethylamine, and optionally
in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, such as
hydroxybenzotriazole. When R.sub.2 is Cl, such reactions may be
carried out under basic conditions, for example in the presence of
pyridine, triethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or
diisopropylethylamine, and optionally in the presence of a
nucleophilic catalyst. Alternatively, a catalytic quantity of a
iodide salt, for example potassium iodide, can be added to the acid
chloride in an inert solvent, such as acetonitrile, to yield the
product (see for example Organic Letters, 15 (3), pp. 702-705,
2013). In a further alternative, the reaction may be conducted in a
biphasic system comprising an organic solvent, preferably ethyl
acetate, and an aqueous solvent, preferably a solution of sodium
bicarbonate. When R.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkoxy the ester may be
converted directly to the amide by heating the ester and amine
together in a thermal process.
##STR00015##
[0071] 2) Acid halides of formula (V), wherein R.sub.2 is Cl, F or
Br, may be made from carboxylic acids of formula (V), wherein
R.sub.2 is OH by treatment with thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride
or by treatment with phosphoryl bromide or with cyanuryl
fluoride.
[0072] 3) Carboxylic acids of formula (V), wherein R.sub.2 is OH,
may be formed from esters of formula (V), wherein R.sub.2 is
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkoxy by treatment of the ester with an alkali
hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide, in a solvent, such as
ethanol.
[0073] 4) Esters of formula (V), wherein R.sub.2 is
C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkoxy, may be made by treatment of R.sub.2a--OH
wherein R.sub.2a is C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, by acylation with a
carboxylic acid of formula Q-COOH or an acid halide of formula
Q-COHal, wherein Hal is Cl, F or Br, under standard conditions as
described in 1).
[0074] 5) Compounds of formula (IV) with R different from hydrogen,
wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and Y are as defined for formula (I) can
be made by formation of the N--R bond. For example, reductive
amination may be achieved by treatment of the aniline (IVa) with an
aldehyde or ketone and a reducing agent such as sodium
cyanoborohydride. Alternatively, alkylation may be achieved by
treating the amine (IVa) with an alkylating agent such as an alkyl
halide, optionally in the presence of a base.
##STR00016##
[0075] 6) Compounds of formula (IVa), wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and
Y are as defined for formula (I), can be made from compounds of
formula (VI) by reduction of the --NO.sub.2 function under a
variety of conditions generally well known, for example reduction
using hydrogen and a metal- or metal oxide-based catalyst, like
palladium, in a compatible solvent. The reaction can be performed
in a broad range of temperatures, preferably between -30.degree. C.
and 150.degree. C., most preferably 10.degree. C. to 50.degree. C.,
and pressures, preferably between atmospheric pressure and 200 atm,
most preferably below 10 atm. A further method for the reduction of
an aromatic nitro group to amino group uses SnCl.sub.2 in a protic
solvent, in presence of an acid. A further method uses a metal,
like iron, as reducing agent and an acid like HCl, acetic acid or
NH.sub.4Cl.
##STR00017##
[0076] 7) Compounds of formula (VI), wherein X.sub.1 is OMe and
X.sub.2 and Y are as defined for formula (I), may be made by
substitution of the fluorine atom of the compounds of formula (VI),
wherein X.sub.1 is F and X.sub.2 and Y are as defined for formula
(I) by, for example, treating it in methyl alcohol, preferably in
presence of a base, like potassium carbonate.
##STR00018##
[0077] 8) Compounds of formula (VI), wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and Y
are as defined for formula (I), can be prepared by reacting
compounds of formula (VII), wherein Y is as defined for formula (I)
and compounds of formula (VIII), wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are as
defined for formula (I) and wherein R.sub.3 is OH, Cl, F, Br or I.
When R.sub.3 is OH, such reactions may be carried out in the
presence of a coupling reagent, such as DCC
(N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), EDC
(1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylamino-propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride) or
BOP--Cl (bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphonic chloride), in the
presence of a base, such as pyridine, triethylamine,
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or diisopropylethylamine, and optionally
in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, such as
hydroxybenzotriazole. When R.sub.3 is Cl, such reactions may be
carried out under basic conditions, for example in the presence of
pyridine, triethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or
diisopropylethylamine, or preferably non-basic conditions, and
optionally in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst. Compounds of
the formula (VIII) are commercially available.
##STR00019##
[0078] 9) Compounds of formula (VII), wherein Y is as defined for
formula (I), can be prepared by reacting compounds of formula (IX)
with a compound of formula (X), wherein Z is I or Br, in analogy to
WO 2011009540. The compounds (X) are easily accessible.
##STR00020##
[0079] 10) Compounds of formula (IX), wherein Y is as defined for
formula (I), may be prepared by reducing the nitro function of
compounds of formula (XI), wherein Y is as defined for formula (I),
using standard methods. Compounds of formula (XI) can be made by
difluoromethylation of compounds of formula (XII). Many compounds
of formula (XII) are described in the literature or can be made in
an analogous way.
##STR00021##
[0080] 11) Alternatively, compounds of formula (VII), wherein Y is
chlorine, bromine or iodine, can be prepared by reacting compound
of formula (XIII), described in WO 2011009540, with an halogenating
reagent like, for example with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS),
N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or N-iodosuccinimide (NIS).
##STR00022##
[0081] 12) Compounds of formula (I) may be also be made by
treatment of compounds of formula (XIV), wherein Q, X.sub.1,
X.sub.2 and R are as defined for formula (I) and R.sub.4 is OH, Cl,
F, Br or I with a compound of formula (VII), wherein Y is as
defined for formula (I). When R.sub.4 is OH, such reactions may be
carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent, such as DCC
(N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), EDC
(1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylamino-propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride) or
BOP--Cl (bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphonic chloride), in the
presence of a base, such as pyridine, triethylamine,
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or diisopropylethylamine, and optionally
in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, such as
hydroxybenzotriazole. When R.sub.4 is Cl, such reactions may be
carried out under basic conditions, for example in the presence of
pyridine, triethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or
diisopropylethylamine, and optionally in the presence of a
nucleophilic catalyst, or under non-basic conditions.
##STR00023##
[0082] 13) Alternatively, compounds of formula (I) may be also be
made by treatment of compounds of formula (XIV), wherein Q,
X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and R are as defined for formula (I) and R.sub.4
is Cl, F, Br or I, with a compound of formula (III), wherein Y is
as defined for formula (I). Such reactions may be carried out under
basic conditions, for example in the presence of pyridine,
triethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or diisopropylethylamine,
and optionally in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst. The
imide intermediate may or may not be isolated and may conveniently
be hydrolysed under mild alkaline conditions during work-up.
##STR00024##
[0083] 14) Compounds of formula (III), wherein Y is as defined for
formula (I), can be prepared from compounds of formula (VII),
wherein Y is as defined for formula (I), by treatment with an
activated form of acetic acid, like acetic anhydride or acetyl
chloride.
##STR00025##
[0084] 15) Compounds of formula (XIV) may be made by treatment of
compounds of formula (XVI), wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and R are as
defined for formula (I) and R.sub.5 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, with
a compound of formula (V), wherein Q is as defined for formula (I)
and R.sub.2 is OH, C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkoxy, Cl, F, Br or I. When
R.sub.2 is OH, such reactions may be carried out in the presence of
a coupling reagent, such as DCC (N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide),
EDC (1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylamino-propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride)
or BOP--Cl (bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphonic chloride), in the
presence of a base, such as pyridine, triethylamine,
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or diisopropylethylamine, and optionally
in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, such as
hydroxybenzotriazole. When R.sub.2 is Cl, such reactions may be
carried out under basic conditions, for example in the presence of
pyridine, triethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or
diisopropylethylamine, and optionally in the presence of a
nucleophilic catalyst. Alternatively, the reaction may be conducted
in a biphasic system comprising an organic solvent, preferably
ethyl acetate, and an aqueous solvent, preferably a solution of
sodium bicarbonate. When R.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy the
ester may be converted directly to the amide by heating the ester
and amine together in a thermal process. In compounds of formula
(XIV), the group R.sub.4 can be changed from C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy
to OH by hydrolysis of the ester function with a base, like LiOH,
then eventually, to chloride, with thionyl chloride or oxalyl
chloride.
##STR00026##
[0085] 16) Compounds of formula (XVI) wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and
R are as defined for formula (I) and R.sub.5 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkoxy may be made by reducing the nitro function of compounds of
formula (XVII) wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are as defined for
formula (I) and R.sub.5 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, and submitting
the aniline to reductive amination for compounds of the formula
(XVI) with R different from hydrogen. Compounds of formula (XVII)
are known or can be made by analogy by somebody skilled in the
art.
##STR00027##
[0086] 17) Compounds of formula (I), wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, Y
and R are as defined for formula (I) and where Q is Q.sub.3 or
Q.sub.5 may also be obtained by treatment of compounds of formula
(I), wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, Y and R are as defined for formula
(I) with Q is Q.sub.2 or Q.sub.4, respectively, by treatment with
an oxidizing agent, like a peroxyacid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, for
example.
##STR00028##
[0087] The compounds according to the invention, namely the
compounds of formula (I) and (III), and the compounds mentioned in
the method according to the invention may exist in different
geometric or optical isomers or tautomeric forms.
[0088] This invention covers all such isomers and tautomers and
mixtures thereof in all proportions as well as isotopic forms such
as deuterated compounds.
[0089] The invention also covers salts of all compounds of the
invention.
[0090] The compounds of formula (I) can be used to combat and
control infestations of insect pests such as Lepidoptera, Diptera,
Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Coleoptera,
Siphonaptera, Hymenoptera and Isoptera and also other invertebrate
pests, for example, acarine, nematode and mollusc pests. Insects,
acarines, nematodes and molluscs are hereinafter collectively
referred to as pests. The pests which may be combated and
controlled by the use of the invention compounds include those
pests associated with agriculture (which term includes the growing
of crops for food and fiber products), horticulture and animal
husbandry, companion animals, forestry and the storage of products
of vegetable origin (such as fruit, grain and timber); those pests
associated with the damage of man-made structures and the
transmission of diseases of man and animals; and also nuisance
pests (such as flies).
[0091] Examples of the abovementioned animal pests are:
[0092] from the order Acarina, for example,
[0093] Acalitus spp., Aculus spp., Acaricalus spp., Aceria spp.,
Acarus siro, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp.,
Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia spp., Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes
spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides spp., Eotetranychus
spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes
spp., Olygonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Polyphagotarsone latus,
Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Phytonemus spp.,
Polyphagotarsonemus spp., Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp.,
Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Steneotarsonemus spp.,
Tarsonemus spp., and Tetranychus spp.;
[0094] from the order Anoplura, for example,
[0095] Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp.,
Pemphigus spp., and Phylloxera spp.;
[0096] from the order Coleoptera, for example,
[0097] Agriotes spp., Amphimallon majale, Anomala orientalis,
Anthonomus spp., Aphodius spp., Astylus atromaculatus, Ataenius
spp., Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Cerotoma spp.,
Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Cotinis nitida, Curculio spp.,
Cyclocephala spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Diloboderus
abderus, Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Heteronychus arator,
Hypothenemus hampei, Lagria vilosa, Leptinotarsa decemLineata,
Lissorhoptrus spp., Liogenys spp., Maecolaspis spp., Maladera
castanea, Megascelis spp., Melighetes aeneus, Melolontha spp.,
Myochrous armatus, Orycaephilus spp., Otiorhynchus spp.,
Phyllophaga spp., Phlyctinus spp., Popillia spp., Psylliodes spp.,
Rhyssomatus aubtilis, Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus
spp., Sitotroga spp., Somaticus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechus
subsignatus, Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp., and Trogoderma
spp.;
[0098] from the order Diptera, for example,
[0099] Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Antherigona soccata, Bactrocea
oleae, Bibio hortulanus, Bradysia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala,
Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus
spp., Delia spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp.,
Gastrophilus spp., Geomyza tripunctata, Glossina spp., Hypoderma
spp., Hyppobosca spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza
spp., Musca spp., Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit,
Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis spp., Rivelia
quadrifasciata, Scatella spp., Sciara spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus
spp., Tannia spp., and Tipula spp.;
[0100] from the order Hemiptera, for example,
[0101] Acanthocoris scabrator, Acrosternum spp., Adelphocoris
lineolatus, Amblypelta nitida, Bathycoelia thalassina, Blissus
spp., Cimex spp., Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Creontiades spp.,
Distantiella theobroma, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus spp., Edessa
spp., Euchistus spp., Eurydema pulchrum, Eurygaster spp.,
Halyomorpha halys, Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Lygus
spp., Margarodes spp., Murgantia histrionic, Neomegalotomus spp.,
Nesidiocoris tenuis, Nezara spp., Nysius simulans, Oebalus
insularis, Piesma spp., Piezodorus spp., Rhodnius spp.,
Sahlbergella singularis, Scaptocoris castanea, Scotinophara spp.,
Thyanta spp., Triatoma spp., Vatiga illudens;
[0102] Acyrthosium pisum, Adalges spp., Agalliana ensigera,
Agonoscena targionii, Aleurodicus spp., Aleurocanthus spp.,
Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes
brassicae, Amarasca biguttula, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aonidiella
spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Aulacorthum solani,
Bactericera cockerelli, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus spp.,
Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp., Cavariella aegopodii Scop.,
Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus
dictyospermi, Cicadella spp., Cofana spectra, Cryptomyzus spp.,
Cicadulina spp., Coccus hesperidum, Dalbulus maidis, Dialeurodes
spp., Diaphorina citri, Diuraphis noxia, Dysaphis spp., Empoasca
spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp.,
Glycaspis brimblecombei, Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae, Hyalopterus
spp., Hyperomyzus pallidus, Idioscopus clypealis, Jacobiasca
lybica, Laodelphax spp., Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp.,
Lopaphis erysimi, Lyogenys maidis, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva
spp., Metcalfa pruinosa, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myndus crudus,
Myzus spp., Neotoxoptera spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp.,
Nippolachnus pini Mats, Odonaspis ruthae, Oregma lanigera Zehnter,
Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria spp.,
Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella spp., Phorodon
humuli, Phylloxera spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp.,
Pseudococcus spp., Pseudatomoscelis seriatus, Psylla spp.,
Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Recilia
dorsalis, Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp.,
Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Sogatella furcifera, Spissistilus
festinus, Tarophagus Proserpina, Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes spp.,
Tridiscus sporoboli, Trionymus spp., Trioza erytreae, Unaspis
citri, Zygina flammigera, Zyginidia scutellaris;
[0103] from the order Hymenoptera, for example,
[0104] Acromyrmex, Arge spp., Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp.,
Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp.,
Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp., Pogonomyrmex spp., Slenopsis
invicta, Solenopsis spp., and Vespa spp.;
[0105] from the order Isoptera, for example,
[0106] Coptotermes spp., Corniternes cumulans, Incisitermes spp.,
Macrotermes spp., Mastotermes spp., Microtermes spp.,
Reticulitermes spp.; Solenopsis geminate
[0107] from the order Lepidoptera, for example,
[0108] Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp.,
Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips
spp., Argyresthia spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp.,
Bucculatrix thurberiella, Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina
nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Chrysoteuchia
topiaria, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp.,
Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Colias lesbia, Cosmophila flava,
Crambus spp., Crocidolomia binotalis, Cryptophlebia leucotreta,
Cydalima perspectalis, Cydia spp., Diaphania perspectalis, Diatraea
spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Eldana saccharina, Ephestia
spp., Epinotia spp., Estigmene acrea, Etiella zinckinella, Eucosma
spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia
jaculiferia, Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp.,
Hellula undalis, Herpetogramma spp., Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia
lycopersicella, Lasmopalpus lignosellus, Leucoptera scitella,
Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Loxostege bifidalis,
Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae,
Manduca sexta, Mythimna spp., Noctua spp., Operophtera spp.,
Orniodes indica, Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp.,
Panolis flammea, Papaipema nebris, Pectinophora gossypiela,
Perileucoptera coffeella, Pseudaletia unipuncta, Phthorimaea
operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays
spp., Pseudoplusia spp., Rachiplusia nu, Richia albicosta,
Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp.,
Sylepta derogate, Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix
spp., Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta, and Yponomeuta spp.;
[0109] from the order Mallophaga, for example,
[0110] Damalinea spp., and Trichodectes spp.;
[0111] from the order Orthoptera, for example,
[0112] Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea
maderae, Locusta spp., Neocurtilla hexadactyla, Periplaneta spp.,
Scapteriscus spp., and Schistocerca spp.;
[0113] from the order Psocoptera, for example,
[0114] Liposcelis spp.;
[0115] from the order Siphonaptera, for example,
[0116] Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenocephalides spp., and Xenopsylla
cheopis;
[0117] from the order Thysanoptera, for example,
[0118] Calliothrips phaseoli, Frankliniella spp., Hehothrips spp.,
Hercinothrips spp., Parthenothrips spp., Scirtothrips aurantii,
Sericothrips variabilis, Taeniothrips spp., Thrips spp.;
[0119] from the order Thysanura, for example,
[0120] Lepisma saccharina.
[0121] The active ingredients according to the invention can be
used for controlling, i. e. containing or destroying, pests of the
abovementioned type which occur in particular on plants, especially
on useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture
and in forests, or on organs, such as fruits, flowers, foliage,
stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, and in some cases even
plant organs which are formed at a later point in time remain
protected against these pests.
[0122] Suitable target crops are, in particular, cereals, such as
wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; beet, such as
sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pomaceous fruit, stone
fruit or soft fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches,
almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries
or blackberries; leguminous crops, such as beans, lentils, peas or
soya; oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives,
sunflowers, coconut, castor, cocoa or ground nuts; cucurbits, such
as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton,
flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons,
grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce,
asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or bell
peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and
also tobacco, nuts, coffee, eggplants, sugarcane, tea, pepper,
grapevines, hops, the plantain family, latex plants and
ornamentals.
[0123] The invention therefore provides a method of combating and
controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs which
comprises applying an insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally
or molluscicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I),
or a composition containing a compound of formula (I), to a pest, a
locus of pest, preferably a plant, or to a plant susceptible to
attack by a pest, The compounds of formula (I) are preferably used
against insects, acarines or nematodes.
[0124] As for acari, for example, Tetranychus cinnabarinus,
Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus citri, Aculops pelekassi,
Tarsonemus spp.
[0125] As for nematodes, for example, Meloidogyne incognita,
Bursaphelenchus lignicolus Mamiya et Kiyohara, Aphelenchoides
besseyi, Heterodera glycines, Pratylenchus spp.
[0126] Additionally, the compounds can be used for controlling
animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids, helminths,
nematodes and molluscs, which are encountered in agriculture, in
horticulture, the field of veterinary medicine, in forests, in
gardens and leisure facilities, in the protection of stored
products and of materials, and in the hygiene sector. They may
preferably be employed as plant protection agents. They may be
active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against
all or some stages of development.
[0127] These pests include inter alia:
[0128] From the order of the Anoplura (Phthiraptera), for example,
Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus
spp., Trichodectes spp.
[0129] From the class of the Arachnida, for example, Acarus siro,
Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas
spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa,
Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp.,
Epitrimerus pyri, Eotetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp.,
Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus
mactans, Metatetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp.,
Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus
latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp.,
Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus
spp., Tetranychus spp., Vasates lycopersici.
[0130] From the class of the Bivalva, for example, Dreissena
spp.
[0131] From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus
spp., Scutigera spp.
[0132] From the order of the Coleoptera, for example,
Acanthoscehdes obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agriotes
spp., Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora
spp., Anthonomus spp., Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria
spp., Attagenus spp., Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp.,
Ceuthorhynchus spp., Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites
spp., Costelytra zealandica, Curculio spp., Cryptorhynchus lapathi,
Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Faustinus cubae,
Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans,
Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna
consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus,
Lixus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha,
Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus
hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis,
Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae,
Phyllophaga spp., Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes
chrysocephala, Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha
dominica, Sitophilus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechus spp.,
Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium spp., Trogoderma
spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp.
[0133] From the order of the Collembola, for example, Onychiurus
armatus.
[0134] From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula
auricularia.
[0135] From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus
guttulatus.
[0136] From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp.,
Anopheles spp., Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala,
Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp., Cochliomyia spp., Cordylobia
anthropophaga, Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dermatobia
hominis, Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hylemyia
spp., Hyppobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia
spp., Musca spp., Nezara spp., Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit,
Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp.,
Tannia spp., Tipula paludosa, Wohlfahrtia spp.
[0137] From the class of the Gastropoda, for example, Arion spp.,
Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp.,
Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Succinea spp.
[0138] From the class of the helminths, for example, Ancylostoma
duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis,
Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia
malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis
spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp., Dictyocaulus filaria,
Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus
granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis,
Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp., Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana,
Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum
spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp.,
Paragonimus spp., Schistosomen spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni,
Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata,
Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa,
Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella
pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichiura,
Wuchereria bancrofti.
[0139] It may be furthermore possible to control protozoa, such as
Eimeria.
[0140] From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Anasa
tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp.,
Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Cimex spp., Creontiades
dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti,
Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Heliopeltis spp.,
Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus
spp., Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara spp., Oebalus spp.,
Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., Psallus seriatus,
Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis,
Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma
spp.
[0141] From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Acyrthosipon
spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes spp., Aleurolobus
barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui,
Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma pini, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis,
Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani,
Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus spp.,
Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Carneocephala
fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp.,
Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii,
Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila,
Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus spp.,
Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Doralis spp.,
Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp.,
Eriosoma spp., Erythroneura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus
coffeae, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp.,
Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium
spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp.,
Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp.,
Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis,
Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata
lugens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae,
Paratrioza spp., Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus
maidis, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli,
Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp.,
Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus
spp., Psylla spp., Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus
spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp.,
Saissetia spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum,
Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera,
Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis,
Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp.,
Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis
spp., Viteus vitifolii.
[0142] From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion
spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Mono-morium pharaonis, Vespa
spp.
[0143] From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Armadillidium
vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.
[0144] From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes
spp., Odontotermes spp.
[0145] From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Acronicta
major, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., Alabama argillacea,
Anticarsia spp., Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella,
Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa
pomonella, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp., Choristoneura
fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Earias insulana,
Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Feltia
spp., Galleria mellonella, Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp.,
Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima, Hyponomeuta
padella, Laphygma spp., Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane
antennata, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., Malacosoma
neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata,
Oria spp., Oulema oryzae, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora
gossypiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris spp., Plutella
xylostella, Prodenia spp., Pseudaletia spp., Pseudoplusia
includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera spp., Thermesia
gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix
viridana, Trichoplusia spp.
[0146] From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Acheta
domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa
spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Melanoplus spp.,
Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca gregaria.
[0147] From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example,
Ceratophyllus spp., Xenopsylla cheopis.
[0148] From the order of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella
immaculata.
[0149] From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Baliothrips
biformis, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips
spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips
cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamons, Thrips
spp.
[0150] From the order of the Thysanura, for example, Lepisma
saccharina.
[0151] The phytoparasitic nematodes include, for example, Anguina
spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Belonoaimus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp.,
Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heliocotylenchus spp.,
Heterodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus
spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus spp., Trichodorus spp.,
Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans,
Xiphinema spp.
[0152] Furthermore, in the field of veterinary medicine, the novel
compounds of the present invention can be effectively used against
various harmful animal parasitic pests (endoparasites and
ectoparasites), for example, insects and helminthes.
[0153] Examples of such animal parasitic pests include the pests as
described below.
[0154] Examples of the insects include Gasterophilus spp., Stomoxys
spp., Trichodectes spp., Rhodnius spp., Ctenocephalides canis, Cimx
lecturius, Ctenocephalides fells, Lucilia cuprina, and the
like.
[0155] Examples of acari include Ornithodoros spp., Ixodes spp.,
Boophilus spp., and the like.
[0156] In the veterinary fields, e.g. in the field of veterinary
medicine, the active compounds according to the present invention
are active against animal parasites, in particular ectoparasites or
endoparasites.
[0157] The term endoparasites includes in particular helminths,
such as cestodes, nematodes or trematodes, and protozoae, such as
coccidia.
[0158] Ectoparasites are typically and preferably arthropods, in
particular insects such as flies (stinging and licking), parasitic
fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice, fleas and the like; or
acarids, such as ticks, for examples hard ticks or soft ticks, or
mites, such as scab mites, harvest mites, bird mites and the
like.
[0159] These parasites include:
[0160] From the order of the Anoplurida, for example Haematopinus
spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp., Solenopotes
spp.; particular examples are: Linognathus setosus, Linognathus
vituli, Linognathus ovillus, Linognathus oviformis, Linognathus
pedalis, Linognathus stenopsis, Haematopinus asini macrocephalus,
Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinus suis, Pediculus humanus
capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Phylloera vastatrix, Phthirus
pubis, Solenopotes capillatus; from the order of the Mallophagida
and the suborders Amblycerina and Ischnocerina, for example
Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp.,
Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp., Trichodectes
spp., Felicola spp.; particular examples are: Bovicola bovis,
Bovicola ovis, Bovicola limbata, Damalina bovis, Trichodectes
canis, Felicola subrostratus, Bovicola caprae, Lepikentron ovis,
Werneckiella equi; from the order of the Diptera and the suborders
Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example Aedes spp., Anopheles
spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp.,
Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Odagmia spp.,
Wilhelmia spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp.,
Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp.,
Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp.,
Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp.,
Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp.,
Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena
spp., Melophagus spp., Rhinoestrus spp., Tipula spp.; particular
examples are: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes
taeniorhynchus, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles maculipennis,
Calliphora erythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex
quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Fannia
canicularis, Sarcophaga carnaria, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula
paludosa, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Simulium reptans,
Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus longipalpis, Odagmia ornata,
Wilhelmia equina, Boophthora erythrocephala, Tabanus bromius,
Tabanus spodopterus, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus sudeticus, Hybomitra
ciurea, Chrysops caecutiens, Chrysops relictus, Haematopota
pluvialis, Haematopota italica, Musca autumnalis, Musca domestica,
Haematobia irritans irritans, Haematobia irritans exigua,
Haematobia stimulans, Hydrotaea irritans, Hydrotaea albipuncta,
Chrysomya chloropyga, Chrysomya bezziana, Oestrus ovis, Hypoderma
bovis, Hypoderma lineatum, Przhevalskiana silenus, Dermatobia
hominis, Melophagus ovinus, Lipoptena capreoli, Lipoptena cervi,
Hippobosca variegata, Hippobosca equina, Gasterophilus
intestinalis, Gasterophilus haemorroidalis, Gasterophilus inermis,
Gasterophilus nasalis, Gasterophilus nigricornis, Gasterophilus
pecorum, Braula coeca; from the order of the Siphonapterida, for
example Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Tunga spp., Xenopsylla
spp., Ceratophyllus spp.; particular examples are: Ctenocephalides
canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans,
Xenopsylla cheopis; from the order of the Heteropterida, for
example Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus
spp.
[0161] From the order of the Blattarida, for example Blatta
orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattela germanica, Supella
spp., (e.g. Suppella longipalpa);
[0162] From the subclass of the Acari (Acarina) and the orders of
the Meta- and Mesostigmata, for example Argas spp., Ornithodorus
spp., Otobius spp., Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Rhipicephalus
(Boophilus) spp., Dermacentor spp., Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma
spp., Dermanyssus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., (the original genus of
multi host ticks) Ornithonyssus spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Raillietia
spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp., Varroa spp., Acarapis
spp.; particular examples are: Argas persicus, Argas reflexus,
Ornithodorus moubata, Otobius megnini, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)
microplus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus
(Boophilus) annulatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) calceratus,
Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma aegypticum, Hyalomma marginatum,
Hyalomma transiens, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes
hexagonus, Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes pilosus, Ixodes rubicundus,
Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Haemaphysalis concinna,
Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis cinnabarina, Haemaphysalis
otophila, Haemaphysalis leachi, Haemaphysalis longicorni,
Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Dermacentor
pictus, Dermacentor albipictus, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor
variabilis, Hyalomma mauritanicum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus,
Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus
capensis, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Rhipicephalus zambeziensis,
Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Amblyomma maculatum,
Amblyomma hebraeum, Amblyomma cajennense, Dermanyssus gallinae,
Ornithonyssus bursa, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, Varroa jacobsoni;
from the order of the Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida
(Astigmata), for example Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp.,
Ornithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp.,
Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp.,
Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes
spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres
spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp., Laminosioptes spp.;
particular examples are: Cheyletiella yasguri, Cheyletiella blakei,
Demodex canis, Demodex bovis, Demodex ovis, Demodex caprae, Demodex
equi, Demodex caballi, Demodex suis, Neotrombicula autumnalis,
Neotrombicula desaleri, Neoschongastia xerothermobia, Trombicula
akamushi, Otodectes cynotis, Notoedres cati, Sarcoptis canis,
Sarcoptes bovis, Sarcoptes ovis, Sarcoptes rupicaprae (S. caprae),
Sarcoptes equi, Sarcoptes suis, Psoroptes ovis, Psoroptes cuniculi,
Psoroptes equi, Chorioptes bovis, Psoergates ovis, Pneumonyssoidic
mange, Pneumonyssoides caninum, Acarapis woodi.
[0163] The active compounds according to the invention are also
suitable for controlling arthropods, helminths and protozoae, which
attack animals.
[0164] Animals include agricultural livestock such as, for example,
cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffaloes,
rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, cultured fish,
honeybees.
[0165] Moreover, animals include domestic animals--also referred to
as companion animals--such as, for example, dogs, cats, cage birds,
aquarium fish and what are known as experimental animals such as,
for example, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice.
[0166] By controlling these arthropods, helminths and/or protozoae,
it is intended to reduce deaths and improve performance (in the
case of meat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, honey and the like) and
health of the host animal, so that more economical and simpler
animal keeping is made possible by the use of the active compounds
according to the invention.
[0167] For example, it may be desirable to prevent or interrupt the
uptake of blood by the parasites from the hosts.
[0168] Also, controlling the parasites may help to prevent the
transmittance of infectious agents.
[0169] The term "controlling" as used herein with regard to the
veterinary field, means that the active compounds are effective in
reducing the incidence of the respective parasite in an animal
infected with such parasites to innocuous levels.
[0170] More specifically, "controlling", as used herein, means that
the active compound is effective in killing the respective
parasite, inhibiting its growth, or inhibiting its proliferation.
Generally, when used for the treatment of animals the active
compounds according to the invention can be applied directly.
[0171] Preferably they are applied as pharmaceutical compositions
which may contain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or
auxiliaries which are known in the art.
[0172] In the veterinary field and in animal keeping, the active
compounds are applied (e.g. administered) in the known manner by
enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets,
capsules, drinks, drenches, granules, pastes, boluses, the
feed-through method, suppositories; by parenteral administration,
such as, for example, by injections (intramuscular, subcutaneous,
intravenous, intraperitoneal and the like), implants, by nasal
application, by dermal application in the form of, for example,
bathing or dipping, spraying, pouring-on and spotting-on, washing,
dusting, and with the aid of active-compound-comprising shaped
articles such as collars, ear tags, tail tags, limb bands, halters,
marking devices and the like.
[0173] The active compounds may be formulated as shampoo or as
suitable formulations usable in aerosols, unpressurized sprays, for
example pump sprays and atomizer sprays.
[0174] When used for livestock, poultry, domestic animals and the
like, the active compounds according to the invention can be
applied as formulations (for example powders, wettable powders
["WP"], emulsions, emulsifiable concentrates ["EC"], flowables,
homogeneous solutions, and suspension concentrates ["SC"]) which
comprise the active compounds in an amount of from 1 to 80 percent
by weight, either directly or after dilution (e.g. 100- to 10
000-fold dilution), or else as a chemical bath.
[0175] When used in the veterinary field the active compounds
according to the invention may be used in combination with suitable
synergists or other active compounds, such as for example,
acaricides, insecticides, anthelmintics, anti-protozoal drugs.
[0176] In the present invention, a substance having an insecticidal
action against pests including all of these is referred to as an
insecticide.
[0177] An active compound of the present invention can be prepared
in conventional formulation forms, when used as an insecticide.
[0178] Examples of the formulation forms include solutions,
emulsions, wettable powders, water dispersible granules,
suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, tablets, granules, aerosols,
active compound-infiltrated natural and synthetic materials,
microcapsules, seed coating agents, formulations used with a
combustion apparatus (for example, fumigation and smoking
cartridges, cans, coils or the like as the combustion apparatus),
ULV (cold mist, warm mist), and the like.
[0179] These formulations can be produced by methods that are known
per se.
[0180] For example, a formulation can be produced by mixing the
active compound with a developer, that is, a liquid diluent or
carrier; a liquefied gas diluent or carrier; a solid diluent or
carrier, and optionally with a surfactant, that is, an emulsifier
and/or dispersant and/or foaming agent.
[0181] In the case where water is used as the developer, for
example, an organic solvent can also be used as an auxiliary
solvent.
[0182] Examples of the liquid diluent or carrier include aromatic
hydrocarbons (for example, xylene, toluene, alkylnaphthalene and
the like), chlorinated aromatic or chlorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbons (for example, chlorobenzenes, ethylene chlorides,
methylene chlorides), aliphatic hydrocarbons (for example,
cyclohexanes), paraffins (for example, mineral oil fractions),
alcohols (for example, butanol, glycols and their ethers, esters
and the like), ketones (for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone,
methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and the like), strongly polar
solvents (for example, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide and the
like), water and the like. The liquefied gas diluent or carrier may
be those which are gaseous at normal temperature and normal
pressure, for example, aerosol propellants such as butane, propane,
nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide and halogenated hydrocarbons. Examples
of the solid diluent include pulverized natural minerals (for
example, kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite,
montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, and the like), pulverized
synthetic minerals (for example, highly dispersed silicic acid,
alumina, silicates and the like), and the like. Examples of the
solid carrier for granules include pulverized and screened rocks
(for example, calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and the
like), synthetic granules of inorganic and organic powder, fine
particles of organic materials (for example, sawdust, coconut
shells, maize cobs, tobacco stalk and the like), and the like.
Examples of the emulsifier and/or foaming agent include nonionic
and anionic emulsifiers [for example, polyoxyethylene fatty acid
esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid alcohol ethers (for example,
alkylaryl polyglycol ether), alkylsulfonates, alkylsulfates,
arylsulfonates and the like], albumin hydro lyzate, and the like.
Examples of the dispersant include lignin sulfite waste liquor and
methylcellulose.
[0183] Fixing agents can also be used in the formulations (powders,
granules, emulsions), and examples of the fixing agent include
carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers (for
example, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and the
like) and the like. Colorants can also be used, and examples of the
colorants include inorganic pigments (for example, iron oxide,
titanium oxide, Prussian Blue and the like), organic dyes such as
alizarin dyes, azo dyes or metal phthalocyanine dyes, and in
addition, trace elements such as the salts of iron, manganese,
boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc. The formulations in
general can contain the active ingredient in an amount ranging from
0.1 to 95 percent by weight, and preferably 0.5 to 90 percent>
by weight. The compound according to the present invention can also
exist as an admixture with other active compounds, for example,
insecticides, poisonous baits, bactericides, miticides,
nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides and the
like, in the form of their commercially useful formulation forms
and in the application forms prepared from those formulations.
[0184] The content of the compound according to the present
invention in a commercially useful application form can be varied
within a wide range.
[0185] The concentration of the active compound according to the
present invention in actual usage can be, for example, in the range
of 0.0000001 to 100 percent by weight, and preferably 0.00001 to 1
percent by weight.
[0186] The compounds according to the present invention can be used
through conventional methods that are appropriate for the usage
form.
[0187] The active compound of the present invention have, when used
against hygiene pests and pests associated with stored products,
stability effective against alkali on lime materials, and also
shows excellent residual effectiveness on wood and soil. The
compounds of the invention may have favourable properties with
respect to amount applied, residue formulation, selectivity,
toxicity, production methodology, high activity, wide spectrum of
control, safety, control of resistant organisms, e.g. pests that
are resistant to organic phosphorus agents and/or carbamate
agents.
[0188] Further embodiments of the invention are described
below.
[0189] The compounds of formula (I) can be used to combat and
control infestations of insect pests such as Lepidoptera, Diptera,
Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Coleoptera,
Siphonaptera, Hymenoptera and Isoptera and also other invertebrate
pests, for example, acarine, nematode and mollusc pests. Insects,
acarines, nematodes and molluscs are hereinafter collectively
referred to as pests. The pests which may be combated and
controlled by the use of the invention compounds include those
pests associated with agriculture (which term includes the growing
of crops for food and fiber products), horticulture and animal
husbandry, companion animals, forestry and the storage of products
of vegetable origin (such as fruit, grain and timber); those pests
associated with the damage of man-made structures and the
transmission of diseases of man and animals; and also nuisance
pests (such as flies).
[0190] The compounds of the invention may be used for example on
turf, ornamentals, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or
evergreens, for example conifers, as well as for tree injection,
pest management and the like.
[0191] The compounds of the invention may be used to control animal
housing pests including: Ants, Bedbugs (adult), Bees, Beetles,
Boxelder Bugs, Carpenter Bees, Carpet Beetles, Centipedes,
Cigarette, Beetles, Clover Mites, Cockroaches, Confused Flour
Beetle, Crickets, Earwigs, Firebrats, Fleas, Flies, Lesser Grain
Borers, Millipedes, Mosquitoes, Red Flour Beetles, Rice Weevils,
Saw-toothed Grain Beetles, Silverfish, Sowbugs, Spiders, Termites,
Ticks, Wasps, Cockroaches, Crickets, Flies, Litter Beetles (such as
Darkling, Hide, and Carrion), Mosquitoes, Pillbugs, Scorpions,
Spiders, Spider Mites (Twospotted, Spruce), Ticks.
[0192] The compounds of the invention may be used to control
ornamental pests including: Ants (Including Imported fire ants),
Armyworms, Azalea caterpillars, Aphids, Bagworms, Black vine
weevils (adult), Boxelder bugs, Budworms, California oakworms,
Cankerworms, Cockroaches, Crickets, Cutworms, Eastern tent
caterpillars, Elm leaf beetles, European sawflies, Fall webworms,
Flea beetles, Forest tent caterpillars, Gypsy moth larvae, Japanese
beetles (adults), June beetles (adults), Lace bugs, Leaf-feeding
caterpillars, Leafhoppers, Leafminers (adults), Leaf rollers, Leaf
skeletonizers, Midges, Mosquitoes, Oleander moth larvae, Pillbugs,
Pine sawflies, Pine shoot beetles, Pinetip moths, Plant bugs, Root
weevils, Sawflies, Scale insects (crawlers), Spiders, Spittlebugs,
Striped beetles, Striped oakworms, Thrips, Tip moths, Tussock moth
larvae, Wasps, Broadmites, Brown softscales, California redscales
(crawlers), Clover mites, Mealybugs, Pineneedlescales (crawlers),
Spider mites, Whiteflies
[0193] The compounds of the invention may be used to control turf
pests including: Ants (Including Imported fire ants, Armyworms,
Centipedes, Crickets, Cutworms, Earwigs, Fleas (adult),
Grasshoppers, Japanese beetles (adult), Millipedes, Mites,
Mosquitoes (adult), Pillbugs, Sod webworms, Sow bugs, Ticks
(including species which transmit Lyme disease), Bluegrass billbugs
(adult), Black turfgrass ataenius (adult), Chiggers, Fleas (adult),
Grubs (suppression), Hyperodes weevils (adult), Mole crickets
(nymphs and young adults), Mole Crickets (mature adults), Chinch
Bugs
[0194] Examples of pest species which may be controlled by the
compounds of formula (I) include: Myzus persicae (aphid), Aphis
gossypii (aphid), Aphis fabae (aphid), Lygus spp., (capsids),
Dysdercus spp., (capsids), Nilaparvata lugens (planthopper),
Nephotettixc incticeps (leafhopper), Nezara spp., (stinkbugs),
Euschistus spp., (stinkbugs), Leptocorisa spp., (stinkbugs),
Frankliniella occidentalis (thrip), Thrips spp., (thrips),
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Anthonomus
grandis (boll weevil), Aonidiella spp., (scale insects),
Trialeurodes spp., (white flies), Bemisia tabaci (white fly),
Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer), Spodoptera littoralis
(cotton leafworm), Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm),
Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), Helicoverpa zea (cotton
bollworm), Sylepta derogata (cotton leaf roller), Pieris brassicae
(white butterfly), Plutella xylostella (diamond back moth), Agrotis
spp., (cutworms), Chilo suppressalis (rice stem borer), Locusta
migratoria (locust), Chortiocetes terminifera (locust), Diabrotica
spp., (rootworms), Panonychus ulmi (European red mite), Panonychus
citri (citrus red mite), Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider
mite), Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite),
Phyllocoptruta oleivora (citrus rust mite), Polyphagotarsonemus
latus (broad mite), Brevipalpus spp., (flat mites), Boophilus
microplus (cattle tick), Dermacentor variabilis (American dog
tick), Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea), Liriomyza spp.,
(leafminer), Musca domestica (housefly), Aedes aegypti (mosquito),
Anopheles spp., (mosquitoes), Culex spp., (mosquitoes), Lucillia
spp., (blowflies), Blattella germanica (cockroach), Periplaneta
americana (cockroach), Blatta orientalis (cockroach), termites of
the Mastotermitidae (for example Mastotermes spp.), the
Kalotermitidae (for example Neotermes spp.), the Rhinotermitidae
(for example Coptotermes formosanus, Reticulitermes flavipes, R.
speratu, R. virginicus, R. hesperus, and R. santonensis) and the
Termitidae (for example Globitermes sulfureus), Solenopsis geminata
(fire ant), Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh's ant), Damalinia spp.,
and Linognathus spp., (biting and sucking lice), Meloidogyne spp.,
(root knot nematodes), Globodera spp., and Heterodera spp., (cyst
nematodes), Pratylenchus spp., (lesion nematodes), Rhodopholus
spp., (banana burrowing nematodes), Tylenchulus spp. (citrus
nematodes), Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm), Caenorhabditis
elegans (vinegar eelworm), Trichostrongylus spp., (gastro
intestinal nematodes) and Deroceras reticulatum (slug).
[0195] The compounds of the invention may be used for pest control
on various plants, including soybean (e.g. in some cases 10-70
g/ha), corn (e.g. in some cases 10-70 g/ha), sugarcane (e.g. in
some cases 20-200 g/ha), alfalfa (e.g. in some cases 10-70 g/ha),
brassicas (e.g. in some cases 10-50 g/ha), oilseed rape (e.g.
canola) (e.g. in some cases 20-70 g/ha), potatoes (including sweet
potatoes) (e.g. in some cases 10-70 g/ha), cotton (e.g. in some
cases 10-70 g/ha), rice (e.g. in some cases 10-70 g/ha), coffee
(e.g. in some cases 30-150 g/ha), citrus (e.g. in some cases 60-200
g/ha), almonds (e.g. in some cases 40-180 g/ha), fruiting
vegetables (e.g. tomatoes, pepper, chili, eggplant, cucumber,
squash etc.) (e.g. in some cases 10-80 g/ha), tea (e.g. in some
cases 20-150 g/ha), bulb vegetables (e.g. onion, leek etc.) (e.g.
in some cases 30-90 g/ha), grapes (e.g. in some cases 30-180 g/ha),
pome fruit (e.g. apples, pears etc.) (e.g. in some cases 30-180
g/ha), and stone fruit (e.g. pears, plums etc.) (e.g. in some cases
30-180 g/ha).
[0196] The compounds of the invention may be used on soybean to
control, for example, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Diloboderus
abderus, Diabrotica speciosa, Sternechus subsignatus, Formicidae,
Agrotis ipsilon, Julus spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Megascelis
spp., Procornitermes spp., Gryllotalpidae, Nezara viridula,
Piezodorus spp., Acrosternum spp., Neomegalotomus spp., Cerotoma
trifurcata, Popillia japonica, Edessa spp., Liogenys fuscus,
Euchistus heros, stalk borer, Scaptocoris castanea, phyllophaga
spp., Pseudoplusia includens, Spodoptera spp., Bemisia tabaci,
Agriotes spp., The compounds of the invention are preferably used
on soybean to control Diloboderus abderus, Diabrotica speciosa,
Nezara viridula, Piezodorus spp., Acrosternum spp., Cerotoma
trifurcata, Popillia japonica, Euchistus heros, phyllophaga spp.,
Agriotes spp.
[0197] The compounds of the invention may be used on corn to
control, for example, Euchistus heros, Dichelops furcatus,
Diloboderus abderus, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Spodoptera
frugiperda, Nezara viridula, Cerotoma trifurcata, Popillia
japonica, Agrotis ypsilon, Diabrotica speciosa, Heteroptera,
Procornitermes ssp., Scaptocoris castanea, Formicidae, Julus ssp.,
Dalbulus maidis, Diabrotica virgifera, Mocis latipes, Bemisia
tabaci, heliothis spp., Tetranychus spp., Thrips spp., phyllophaga
spp., scaptocoris spp., Liogenys fuscus, Spodoptera spp., Ostrinia
spp., Sesamia spp., Agriotes spp. The compounds of the invention
are preferably used on corn to control Euchistus heros, Dichelops
furcatus, Diloboderus abderus, Nezara viridula, Cerotoma
trifurcata, Popillia japonica, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica
virgifera, Tetranychus spp., Thrips spp., Phyllophaga spp.,
Scaptocoris spp., Agriotes spp.
[0198] The compounds of the invention may be used on sugar cane to
control, for example, Sphenophorus spp., termites, Mahanarva spp.
The compounds of the invention are preferably used on sugar cane to
control termites, Mahanarva spp.
[0199] The compounds of the invention may be used on alfalfa to
control, for example, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Collas
eurytheme, Collops spp., Empoasca solana, Epitrix, Geocoris spp.,
Lygus hesperus, Lygus lineolaris, Spissistilus spp., Spodoptera
spp., Trichoplusia ni. The compounds of the invention are
preferably used on alfalfa to control Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera
postica, Empoasca solana, Epitrix, Lygus hesperus, Lygus
lineolaris, Trichoplusia ni.
[0200] The compounds of the invention may be used on brassicas to
control, for example, Plutella xylostella, Pieris spp., Mamestra
spp., Plusia spp., Trichoplusia ni, Phyllotreta spp., Spodoptera
spp., Empoasca solana, Thrips spp., Spodoptera spp., Delia spp. The
compounds of the invention are preferably used on brassicas to
control Plutella xylostella Pieris spp., Plusia spp., Trichoplusia
ni, Phyllotreta spp., Thrips spp.
[0201] The compounds of the invention may be used on oil seed rape,
e.g. canola, to control, for example, Meligethes spp.,
Ceutorhynchus napi, Psylloides spp.
[0202] The compounds of the invention may be used on potatoes,
including sweet potatoes, to control, for example, Empoasca spp.,
Leptinotarsa spp., Diabrotica speciosa, Phthorimaea spp.,
Paratrioza spp., Maladera matrida, Agriotes spp. The compounds of
the invention are preferably used on potatoes, including sweet
potatoes, to control Empoasca spp., Leptinotarsa spp., Diabrotica
speciosa, Phthorimaea spp., Paratrioza spp., Agriotes spp.
[0203] The compounds of the invention may be used on cotton to
control, for example, Anthonomus grandis, Pectinophora spp.,
heliothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Tetranychus spp., Empoasca spp.,
Thrips spp., Bemisia tabaci, Lygus spp., phyllophaga spp.,
Scaptocoris spp. The compounds of the invention are preferably used
on cotton to control Anthonomus grandis, Tetranychus spp., Empoasca
spp., Thrips spp., Lygus spp., phyllophaga spp., Scaptocoris
spp.
[0204] The compounds of the invention may be used on rice to
control, for example, Leptocorisa spp., Cnaphalocrosis spp., Chilo
spp., Scirpophaga spp., Lissorhoptrus spp., Oebalus pugnax. The
compounds of the invention are preferably used on rice to control
Leptocorisa spp., Lissorhoptrus spp., Oebalus pugnax.
[0205] The compounds of the invention may be used on coffee to
control, for example, Hypothenemus Hampei, Perileucoptera
Coffeella, Tetranychus spp., The compounds of the invention are
preferably used on coffee to control Hypothenemus Hampei,
Perileucoptera Coffeella.
[0206] The compounds of the invention may be used on citrus to
control, for example, Panonychus citri, Phyllocoptruta oleivora,
Brevipalpus spp., Diaphorina citri, Scirtothrips spp., Thrips spp.,
Unaspis spp., Ceratitis capitata, Phyllocnistis spp. The compounds
of the invention are preferably used on citrus to control
Panonychus citri, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp,
Diaphorina citri, Scirtothrips spp., Thrips spp., Phyllocnistis
spp.
[0207] The compounds of the invention may be used on almonds to
control, for example, Amyelois transitella, Tetranychus spp.
[0208] The compounds of the invention may be used on fruiting
vegetable, including tomatoes, pepper, chili, eggplant, cucumber,
squash etc, to control Thrips spp, Tetranychus spp.,
Polyphagotarsonemus spp., Aculops spp., Empoasca spp., Spodoptera
spp., heliothis spp., Tuta absoluta, Liriomyza spp., Bemisia
tabaci, Trialeurodes spp., Paratrioza spp., Frankliniella
occidentalis, Frankliniella spp., Anthonomus spp., Phyllotreta
spp., Amrasca spp., Epilachna spp., Halyomorpha spp., Scirtothrips
spp., Leucinodes spp., Neoleucinodes spp. The compounds of the
invention are preferably used on fruiting vegetable, including
tomatoes, pepper, chili, eggplant, cucumber, squash etc, to
control, for example, Thrips spp., Tetranychus spp.,
Polyphagotarsonemus spp., Aculops spp., Empoasca spp., Spodoptera
spp., heliothis spp., Tuta absoluta, Liriomyza spp., Paratrioza
spp., Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella spp., Amrasca spp.,
Scirtothrips spp., Leucinodes spp., Neoleucinodes spp.
[0209] The compounds of the invention may be used on tea to
control, for example, Pseudaulacaspis spp., Empoasca spp.,
Scirtothrips spp., Caloptilia theivora. The compounds of the
invention are preferably used on tea to control Empoasca spp.,
Scirtothrips spp.
[0210] The compounds of the invention may be used on bulb
vegetables, including onion, leek etc to control, for example,
Thrips spp., Spodoptera spp., heliothis spp. The compounds of the
invention are preferably used on bulb vegetables, including onion,
leek etc to control Thrips spp.
[0211] The compounds of the invention may be used on grapes to
control, for example, Empoasca spp., Lobesia spp., Frankliniella
spp., Thrips spp., Tetranychus spp., Rhipiphorothrips Cruentatus,
Eotetranychus Willamettei, Erythroneura Elegantula, Scaphoides spp.
The compounds of the invention are preferably used on grapes to
control Frankliniella spp., Thrips spp., Tetranychus spp.,
Rhipiphorothrips Cruentatus, Scaphoides spp.
[0212] The compounds of the invention may be used on pome fruit,
including apples, pears etc, to control, for example, Cacopsylla
spp., Psylla spp., Panonychus ulmi, Cydia pomonella. The compounds
of the invention are preferably used on pome fruit, including
apples, pears etc, to control Cacopsylla spp., Psylla spp.,
Panonychus ulmi.
[0213] The compounds of the invention may be used on stone fruit to
control, for example, Grapholita molesta, Scirtothrips spp., Thrips
spp., Frankliniella spp., Tetranychus spp. The compounds of the
invention are preferably used on stone fruit to control
Scirtothrips spp., Thrips spp., Frankliniella spp., Tetranychus
spp. The invention therefore provides a method of combating and/or
controlling an animal pest, e.g. an invertebrate animal pest, which
comprises applying to the pest, to a locus of the pest, or to a
plant susceptible to attack by the pest a pesticidally effective
amount of a compound of formula (I). In particular, the invention
provides a method of combating and/or controlling insects,
acarines, nematodes or molluscs which comprises applying an
insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally
effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a composition
containing a compound of formula (I), to a pest, a locus of pest,
preferably a plant, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest,
The compounds of formula (I) are preferably used against insects,
acarines or nematodes.
[0214] The term "plant" as used herein includes seedlings, bushes
and trees. Crops are to be understood as also including those crops
which have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of
herbicides (e.g. ALS-, GS-, EPSPS-, PPO- and HPPD-inhibitors) by
conventional methods of breeding or by genetic engineering. An
example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to
imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding
is Clearfield.RTM. summer rape (canola). Examples of crops that
have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by genetic engineering
methods include e.g. glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize
varieties commercially available under the trade names
RoundupReady.RTM. and LibertyLink.RTM..
[0215] Crops are also to be understood as being those which have
been rendered resistant to harmful insects by genetic engineering
methods, for example Bt maize (resistant to European corn borer),
Bt cotton (resistant to cotton boll weevil) and also Bt potatoes
(resistant to Colorado beetle). Examples of Bt maize are the Bt 176
maize hybrids of NK.RTM. (Syngenta Seeds). Examples of transgenic
plants comprising one or more genes that code for an insecticidal
resistance and express one or more toxins are KnockOut.RTM.
(maize), Yield Gard.RTM. (maize), NuCOTIN33B.RTM. (cotton),
Bollgard.RTM. (cotton), NewLeaf.RTM. (potatoes), NatureGard.RTM.
and Protexcta.RTM.. Plant crops or seed material thereof can be
both resistant to herbicides and, at the same time, resistant to
insect feeding ("stacked" transgenic events). For example, seed can
have the ability to express an insecticidal Cry3 protein while at
the same time being tolerant to glyphosate.
[0216] Crops are also to be understood as being those which are
obtained by conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering
and contain so-called output traits (e.g. improved storage
stability, higher nutritional value and improved flavor).
[0217] In order to apply a compound of formula (I) as an
insecticide, acaricide, nematicide or molluscicide to a pest, a
locus of pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest, a
compound of formula (I) is usually formulated into a composition
which includes, in addition to the compound of formula (I), a
suitable inert diluent or carrier and, optionally, a surface active
agent (SFA). SFAs are chemicals which are able to modify the
properties of an interface (for example, liquid/solid, liquid/air
or liquid/liquid interfaces) by lowering the interfacial tension
and thereby leading to changes in other properties (for example
dispersion, emulsification and wetting). It is preferred that all
compositions (both solid and liquid formulations) comprise, by
weight, 0.0001 to 95%, more preferably 1 to 85%, for example 5 to
60%, of a compound of formula (I). The composition is generally
used for the control of pests such that a compound of formula (I)
is applied at a rate of from 0.1 g to 10 kg per hectare, preferably
from 1 g to 6 kg per hectare, more preferably from 1 g to 1 kg per
hectare.
[0218] When used in a seed dressing, a compound of formula (I) is
generally used at a rate of 0.0001 g to 10 g (for example 0.001 g
or 0.05 g), preferably 0.005 g to 10 g, more preferably 0.005 g to
4 g, per kilogram of seed.
[0219] In another aspect the present invention provides a
composition comprising a pesticidally effective amount of a
compound of formula (I), in particular an insecticidal, acaricidal,
nematicidal or molluscicidal composition comprising an
insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally
effective amount of a compound of formula (I) and a suitable
carrier or diluent therefor. The composition is preferably an
insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal or molluscicidal
composition.
[0220] The compositions can be chosen from a number of formulation
types, including dustable powders (DP), soluble powders (SP), water
soluble granules (SG), water dispersible granules (WG), wettable
powders (WP), granules (GR) (slow or fast release), soluble
concentrates (SL), oil miscible liquids (OL), ultra low volume
liquids (UL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), dispersible
concentrates (DC), emulsions (both oil in water (EW) and water in
oil (EO)), micro-emulsions (ME), suspension concentrates (SC),
aerosols, fogging/smoke formulations, capsule suspensions (CS) and
seed treatment formulations. The formulation type chosen in any
instance will depend upon the particular purpose envisaged and the
physical, chemical and biological properties of the compound of
formula (I).
[0221] Dustable powders (DP) may be prepared by mixing a compound
of formula (I) with one or more solid diluents (for example natural
clays, kaolin, pyrophyllite, bentonite, alumina, montmorillonite,
kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earths, calcium phosphates, calcium
and magnesium carbonates, sulfur, lime, flours, talc and other
organic and inorganic solid carriers) and mechanically grinding the
mixture to a fine powder.
[0222] Soluble powders (SP) may be prepared by mixing a compound of
formula (I) with one or more water-soluble inorganic salts (such as
sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or magnesium sulfate) or one
or more water-soluble organic solids (such as a polysaccharide)
and, optionally, one or more wetting agents, one or more dispersing
agents or a mixture of said agents to improve water
dispersibility/solubility. The mixture is then ground to a fine
powder. Similar compositions may also be granulated to form water
soluble granules (SG).
[0223] Wettable powders (WP) may be prepared by mixing a compound
of formula (I) with one or more solid diluents or carriers, one or
more wetting agents and, preferably, one or more dispersing agents
and, optionally, one or more suspending agents to facilitate the
dispersion in liquids. The mixture is then ground to a fine powder.
Similar compositions may also be granulated to form water
dispersible granules (WG).
[0224] Granules (GR) may be formed either by granulating a mixture
of a compound of formula (I) and one or more powdered solid
diluents or carriers, or from pre-formed blank granules by
absorbing a compound of formula (I) (or a solution thereof, in a
suitable agent) in a porous granular material (such as pumice,
attapulgite clays, fuller's earth, kieselguhr, diatomaceous earths
or ground corn cobs) or by adsorbing a compound of formula (I) (or
a solution thereof, in a suitable agent) on to a hard core material
(such as sands, silicates, mineral carbonates, sulfates or
phosphates) and drying if necessary. Agents which are commonly used
to aid absorption or adsorption include solvents (such as aliphatic
and aromatic petroleum solvents, alcohols, ethers, ketones and
esters) and sticking agents (such as polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl
alcohols, dextrins, sugars and vegetable oils). One or more other
additives may also be included in granules (for example an
emulsifying agent, wetting agent or dispersing agent).
[0225] Dispersible Concentrates (DC) may be prepared by dissolving
a compound of formula (I) in water or an organic solvent, such as a
ketone, alcohol or glycol ether. These solutions may contain a
surface active agent (for example to improve water dilution or
prevent crystallization in a spray tank).
[0226] Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) or oil-in-water emulsions
(EW) may be prepared by dissolving a compound of formula (I) in an
organic solvent (optionally containing one or more wetting agents,
one or more emulsifying agents or a mixture of said agents).
Suitable organic solvents for use in ECs include aromatic
hydrocarbons (such as alkylbenzenes or alkylnaphthalenes,
exemplified by SOLVESSO 100, SOLVESSO 150 and SOLVESSO 200;
SOLVESSO is a Registered Trade Mark), ketones (such as
cyclohexanone or methylcyclohexanone) and alcohols (such as benzyl
alcohol, furfuryl alcohol or butanol), N-alkylpyrrolidones (such as
N-methylpyrrolidone or N-octylpyrrolidone), dimethyl amides of
fatty acids (such as C.sub.8-C.sub.10 fatty acid dimethylamide) and
chlorinated hydrocarbons. An EC product may spontaneously emulsify
on addition to water, to produce an emulsion with sufficient
stability to allow spray application through appropriate equipment.
Preparation of an EW involves obtaining a compound of formula (I)
either as a liquid (if it is not a liquid at room temperature, it
may be melted at a reasonable temperature, typically below
70.degree. C.) or in solution (by dissolving it in an appropriate
solvent) and then emulsifying the resultant liquid or solution into
water containing one or more SFAs, under high shear, to produce an
emulsion. Suitable solvents for use in EWs include vegetable oils,
chlorinated hydrocarbons (such as chlorobenzenes), aromatic
solvents (such as alkylbenzenes or alkylnaphthalenes) and other
appropriate organic solvents which have a low solubility in
water.
[0227] Microemulsions (ME) may be prepared by mixing water with a
blend of one or more solvents with one or more SFAs, to produce
spontaneously a thermodynamically stable isotropic liquid
formulation. A compound of formula (I) is present initially in
either the water or the solvent/SFA blend. Suitable solvents for
use in MEs include those hereinbefore described for use in ECs or
in EWs. An ME may be either an oil-in-water or a water-in-oil
system (which system is present may be determined by conductivity
measurements) and may be suitable for mixing water-soluble and
oil-soluble pesticides in the same formulation. An ME is suitable
for dilution into water, either remaining as a microemulsion or
forming a conventional oil-in-water emulsion.
[0228] Suspension concentrates (SC) may comprise aqueous or
non-aqueous suspensions of finely divided insoluble solid particles
of a compound of formula (I). SCs may be prepared by ball or bead
milling the solid compound of formula (I) in a suitable medium,
optionally with one or more dispersing agents, to produce a fine
particle suspension of the compound. One or more wetting agents may
be included in the composition and a suspending agent may be
included to reduce the rate at which the particles settle.
Alternatively, a compound of formula (I) may be dry milled and
added to water, containing agents hereinbefore described, to
produce the desired end product.
[0229] Aerosol formulations comprise a compound of formula (I) and
a suitable propellant (for example n-butane). A compound of formula
(I) may also be dissolved or dispersed in a suitable medium (for
example water or a water miscible liquid, such as n-propanol) to
provide compositions for use in non-pressurized, hand-actuated
spray pumps.
[0230] A compound of formula (I) may be mixed in the dry state with
a pyrotechnic mixture to form a composition suitable for
generating, in an enclosed space, a smoke containing the
compound.
[0231] Capsule suspensions (CS) may be prepared in a manner similar
to the preparation of EW formulations but with an additional
polymerization stage such that an aqueous dispersion of oil
droplets is obtained, in which each oil droplet is encapsulated by
a polymeric shell and contains a compound of formula (I) and,
optionally, a carrier or diluent therefor. The polymeric shell may
be produced by either an interfacial polycondensation reaction or
by a coacervation procedure. The compositions may provide for
controlled release of the compound of formula (I) and they may be
used for seed treatment. A compound of formula (I) may also be
formulated in a biodegradable polymeric matrix to provide a slow,
controlled release of the compound.
[0232] A composition may include one or more additives to improve
the biological performance of the composition (for example by
improving wetting, retention or distribution on surfaces;
resistance to rain on treated surfaces; or uptake or mobility of a
compound of formula (I)). Such additives include surface active
agents, spray additives based on oils, for example certain mineral
oils or natural plant oils (such as soy bean and rape seed oil),
and blends of these with other bio-enhancing adjuvants (ingredients
which may aid or modify the action of a compound of formula
(I)).
[0233] A compound of formula (I) may also be formulated for use as
a seed treatment, for example as a powder composition, including a
powder for dry seed treatment (DS), a water soluble powder (SS) or
a water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), or as a
liquid composition, including a flowable concentrate (FS), a
solution (LS) or a capsule suspension (CS). The preparations of DS,
SS, WS, FS and LS compositions are very similar to those of,
respectively, DP, SP, WP, SC and DC compositions described above.
Compositions for treating seed may include an agent for assisting
the adhesion of the composition to the seed (for example a mineral
oil or a film-forming barrier).
[0234] Wetting agents, dispersing agents and emulsifying agents may
be surface SFAs of the cationic, anionic, amphoteric or non-ionic
type.
[0235] Suitable SFAs of the cationic type include quaternary
ammonium compounds (for example cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide),
imidazolines and amine salts.
[0236] Suitable anionic SFAs include alkali metals salts of fatty
acids, salts of aliphatic monoesters of sulfuric acid (for example
sodium lauryl sulfate), salts of sulfonated aromatic compounds (for
example sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, calcium
dodecylbenzenesulfonate, butylnaphthalene sulfonate and mixtures of
sodium di-isopropyl- and tri-isopropyl-naphthalene sulfonates),
ether sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates (for example sodium
laureth-3-sulfate), ether carboxylates (for example sodium
laureth-3-carboxylate), phosphate esters (products from the
reaction between one or more fatty alcohols and phosphoric acid
(predominately mono-esters) or phosphorus pentoxide (predominately
di-esters), for example the reaction between lauryl alcohol and
tetraphosphoric acid; additionally these products may be
ethoxylated), sulfosuccinamates, paraffin or olefine sulfonates,
taurates and lignosulfonates.
[0237] Suitable SFAs of the amphoteric type include betaines,
propionates and glycinates.
[0238] Suitable SFAs of the non-ionic type include condensation
products of alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide, propylene
oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof, with fatty alcohols
(such as oleyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol) or with alkylphenols (such
as octylphenol, nonylphenol or octylcresol); partial esters derived
from long chain fatty acids or hexitol anhydrides; condensation
products of said partial esters with ethylene oxide; block polymers
(comprising ethylene oxide and propylene oxide); alkanolamides;
simple esters (for example fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters);
amine oxides (for example lauryl dimethyl amine oxide); and
lecithins.
[0239] Suitable suspending agents include hydrophilic colloids
(such as polysaccharides, polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium
carboxymethylcellulose) and swelling clays (such as bentonite or
attapulgite).
[0240] A compound of formula (I) may be applied by any of the known
means of applying pesticidal compounds. For example, it may be
applied, formulated or unformulated, to the pests or to a locus of
the pests (such as a habitat of the pests, or a growing plant
liable to infestation by the pests) or to any part of the plant,
including the foliage, stems, branches or roots, to the seed before
it is planted or to other media in which plants are growing or are
to be planted (such as soil surrounding the roots, the soil
generally, paddy water or hydroponic culture systems), directly or
it may be sprayed on, dusted on, applied by dipping, applied as a
cream or paste formulation, applied as a vapor or applied through
distribution or incorporation of a composition (such as a granular
composition or a composition packed in a water-soluble bag) in soil
or an aqueous environment.
[0241] A compound of formula (I) may also be injected into plants
or sprayed onto vegetation using electrodynamic spraying techniques
or other low volume methods, or applied by land or aerial
irrigation systems.
[0242] Compositions for use as aqueous preparations (aqueous
solutions or dispersions) are generally supplied in the form of a
concentrate containing a high proportion of the active ingredient,
the concentrate being added to water before use. These
concentrates, which may include DCs, SCs, ECs, EWs, MEs, SGs, SPs,
WPs, WGs and CSs, are often required to withstand storage for
prolonged periods and, after such storage, to be capable of
addition to water to form aqueous preparations which remain
homogeneous for a sufficient time to enable them to be applied by
conventional spray equipment. Such aqueous preparations may contain
varying amounts of a compound of formula (I) (for example 0.0001 to
10%, by weight) depending upon the purpose for which they are to be
used.
[0243] A compound of formula (I) may be used in mixtures with
fertilizers (for example nitrogen-, potassium- or
phosphorus-containing fertilizers). Suitable formulation types
include granules of fertilizer. The mixtures preferably contain up
to 25% by weight of the compound of formula (I).
[0244] The invention therefore also provides a fertilizer
composition comprising a fertilizer and a compound of formula
(I).
[0245] The compositions of this invention may contain other
compounds having biological activity, for example micronutrients or
compounds having fungicidal activity or which possess plant growth
regulating, herbicidal, insecticidal, nematicidal or acaricidal
activity.
[0246] The compound of formula (I) may be the sole active
ingredient of the composition or it may be admixed with one or more
additional active ingredients such as a pesticide, e.g. a
insecticide, fungicide or herbicide, or a synergist or plant growth
regulator where appropriate. An additional active ingredient may
provide a composition having a broader spectrum of activity or
increased persistence at a locus; synergize the activity or
complement the activity (for example by increasing the speed of
effect or overcoming repellency) of the compound of formula (I); or
help to overcome or prevent the development of resistance to
individual components. The particular additional active ingredient
will depend upon the intended utility of the composition.
[0247] The compounds of the invention are also useful in the field
of animal health, e.g. they may be used against parasitic
invertebrate pests, more preferably against parasitic invertebrate
pests in or on an animal. Examples of pests include nematodes,
trematodes, cestodes, flies, mites, tricks, lice, fleas, true bugs
and maggots. The animal may be a non-human animal, e.g. an animal
associated with agriculture, e.g. a cow, a pig, a sheep, a goat, a
horse, or a donkey, or a companion animal, e.g. a dog or a cat.
[0248] In a further aspect the invention provides a compound of the
invention for use in a method of therapeutic treatment.
[0249] In a further aspect the invention relates to a method of
controlling parasitic invertebrate pests in or on an animal
comprising administering a pesticidally effective amount of a
compound of the invention. The administration may be for example
oral administration, parenteral administration or external
administration, e.g. to the surface of the animal body. In a
further aspect the invention relates to a compound of the invention
for controlling parasitic invertebrate pests in or on an animal. In
a further aspect the invention relates to use of a compound of the
invention in the manufacture of a medicament for controlling
parasitic invertebrate pests in or on an animal
[0250] In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method of
controlling parasitic invertebrate pests comprising administering a
pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention to the
environment in which an animal resides.
[0251] In a further aspect the invention relates to a method of
protecting an animal from a parasitic invertebrate pest comprising
administering to the animal a pesticidally effective amount of a
compound of the invention. In a further aspect the invention
relates to a compound of the invention for use in protecting an
animal from a parasitic invertebrate pest. In a further aspect the
invention relates to use of a compound of the invention in the
manufacture of a medicament for protecting an animal from a
parasitic invertebrate pest.
[0252] In a further aspect the invention provides a method of
treating an animal suffering from a parasitic invertebrate pest
comprising administering to the animal a pesticidally effective
amount of a compound of the invention. In a further aspect the
invention relates to a compound of the invention for use in
treating an animal suffering from a parasitic invertebrate pest. In
a further aspect the invention relates to use of a compound of the
invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an animal
suffering from a parasitic invertebrate pest.
[0253] In a further aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical
composition comprising a compound of the invention and a
pharmaceutically suitable excipient.
[0254] The compounds of the invention may be used alone or in
combination with one or more other biologically active
ingredients.
[0255] In one aspect the invention provides a combination product
comprising a pesticidally effective amount of a component A and a
pesticidally effective amount of component B wherein component A is
a compound of the invention and component B is a compound as
described below.
[0256] The compounds of the invention may be used in combination
with anthelmintic agents. Such anthelmintic agents include,
compounds selected from the macrocyclic lactone class of compounds
such as ivermectin, avermectin, abamectin, emamectin, eprinomectin,
doramectin, selamectin, moxidectin, nemadectin and milbemycin
derivatives as described in EP-357460, EP-444964 and EP-594291.
Additional anthelmintic agents include semisynthetic and
biosynthetic avermectin/milbemycin derivatives such as those
described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,630, WO-9415944 and WO-9522552.
Additional anthelmintic agents include the benzimidazoles such as
albendazole, cambendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole,
oxfendazole, oxibendazole, parbendazole, and other members of the
class. Additional anthelmintic agents include imidazothiazoles and
tetrahydropyrimidines such as tetramisole, levamisole, pyrantel
pamoate, oxantel or morantel. Additional anthelmintic agents
include flukicides, such as triclabendazole and clorsulon and the
cestocides, such as praziquantel and epsiprantel.
[0257] The compounds of the invention may be used in combination
with derivatives and analogues of the paraherquamide/marcfortine
class of anthelmintic agents, as well as the antiparasitic
oxazolines such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,478,855,
4,639,771 and DE-19520936.
[0258] The compounds of the invention may be used in combination
with derivatives and analogues of the general class of
dioxomorpholine antiparasitic agents as described in WO-9615121 and
also with anthelmintic active cyclic depsipeptides such as those
described in WO-9611945, WO-9319053, WO-9325543, EP-626375,
EP-382173, WO-9419334, EP-382173, and EP-503538.
[0259] The compounds of the invention may be used in combination
with other ectoparasiticides; for example, fipronil; pyrethroids;
organophosphates; insect growth regulators such as lufenuron;
ecdysone agonists such as tebufenozide and the like; neonicotinoids
such as imidacloprid and the like.
[0260] The compounds of the invention may be used in combination
with terpene alkaloids, for example those described in
International Patent Application Publication Numbers WO95/19363 or
WO04/72086, particularly the compounds disclosed therein.
[0261] Other examples of such biologically active compounds that
the compounds of the invention may be used in combination with
include but are not restricted to the following:
[0262] Organophosphates: acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl,
azinphos-methyl, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, cadusafos,
chlorethoxyphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos,
demeton, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methyl sulphone, dialifos,
diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion,
ethoprophos, etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion,
fensulfothion, fenthion, flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion,
fosthiazate, heptenophos, isazophos, isothioate, isoxathion,
malathion, methacriphos, methamidophos, methidathion,
methyl-parathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate,
oxydemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathion, parathion-methyl,
phenthoate, phosalone, phosfolan, phosphocarb, phosmet,
phosphamidon, phorate, phoxim, pirimiphos, pirimiphos-methyl,
profenofos, propaphos, proetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos,
pyridapenthion, quinalphos, sulprophos, temephos, terbufos,
tebupirimfos, tetrachlorvinphos, thimeton, triazophos, trichlorfon,
vamidothion.
[0263] Carbamates: alanycarb, aldicarb, 2-sec-butylphenyl
methylcarbamate, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan,
cloethocarb, ethiofencarb, fenoxycarb, fenthiocarb, furathiocarb,
HCN-801, isoprocarb, indoxacarb, methiocarb, methomyl,
5-methyl-m-cumenylbutyryl(methyl)carbamate, oxamyl, pirimicarb,
propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, UC-51717.
[0264] Pyrethroids: acrinathin, allethrin, alphametrin,
5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl (E)-(1
R)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxothiolan-3-ylidenemethyl)cyclopropanecarboxyla-
te, bifenthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin, a-cypermethrin,
beta-cypermethrin, bioallethrin,
bioallethrin((S)-cyclopentylisomer), bioresmethrin, bifenthrin,
NCI-85193, cycloprothrin, cyhalothrin, cythithrin, cyphenothrin,
deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, ethofenprox, fenfluthrin,
fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate
(D isomer), imiprothrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin,
permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, pyrethrins (natural products),
resmethrin, tetramethrin, transfluthrin, theta-cypermethrin,
silafluofen, t-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tralomethrin,
Zeta-cypermethrin.
[0265] Arthropod growth regulators: a) chitin synthesis inhibitors:
benzoylureas: chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron,
flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron,
teflubenzuron, triflumuron, buprofezin, diofenolan, hexythiazox,
etoxazole, chlorfentazine; b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide,
methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide; c) juvenoids: pyriproxyfen,
methoprene (including S-methoprene), fenoxycarb; d) lipid
biosynthesis inhibitors: spirodiclofen.
[0266] Other antiparasitics: acequinocyl, amitraz, AKD-1022,
ANS-118, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, bensultap,
bifenazate, binapacryl, bromopropylate, BTG-504, BTG-505,
camphechlor, cartap, chlorobenzilate, chlordimeform, chlorfenapyr,
chromafenozide, clothianidine, cyromazine, diacloden,
diafenthiuron, DBI-3204, dinactin,
dihydroxymethyldihydroxypyrrolidine, dinobuton, dinocap,
endosulfan, ethiprole, ethofenprox, fenazaquin, flumite, MTI-800,
fenpyroximate, fluacrypyrim, flubenzimine, flubrocythrinate,
flufenzine, flufenprox, fluproxyfen, halofenprox, hydramethylnon,
IKI-220, kanemite, NC-196, neem guard, nidinorterfuran, nitenpyram,
SD-35651, WL-108477, pirydaryl, propargite, protrifenbute,
pymethrozine, pyridaben, pyrimidifen, NC-1111, R-195, RH-0345,
RH-2485, RYI-210, S-1283, S-1833, SI-8601, silafluofen, silomadine,
spinosad, tebufenpyrad, tetradifon, tetranactin, thiacloprid,
thiocyclam, thiamethoxam, tolfenpyrad, triazamate,
triethoxyspinosyn, trinactin, verbutin, vertalec, YI-5301.
[0267] Fungicides: acibenzolar, aldimorph, ampropylfos, andoprim,
azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benomyl, bialaphos,
blasticidin-S, Bordeaux mixture, bromuconazole, bupirimate,
carpropamid, captafol, captan, carbendazim, chlorfenazole,
chloroneb, chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, copper
oxychloride, copper salts, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole,
cyprodinil, cyprofuram, RH-7281, diclocymet, diclobutrazole,
diclomezine, dicloran, difenoconazole, RP-407213, dimethomorph,
domoxystrobin, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dodine, edifenphos,
epoxiconazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fenbuconazole,
fencaramid, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin
acetate, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumetover, flumorf/flumorlin,
fentin hydroxide, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole,
flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet, fosetyl-aluminium, furalaxyl,
furametapyr, hexaconazole, ipconazole, iprobenfos, iprodione,
isoprothiolane, kasugamycin, krsoxim-methyl, mancozeb, maneb,
mefenoxam, mepronil, metalaxyl, metconazole,
metominostrobin/fenominostrobin, metrafenone, myclobutanil,
neo-asozin, nicobifen, orysastrobin, oxadixyl, penconazole,
pencycuron, probenazole, prochloraz, propamocarb, propioconazole,
proquinazid, prothioconazole, pyrifenox, pyraclostrobin,
pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, spiroxamine, sulfur,
tebuconazole, tetrconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide,
thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tiadinil, triadimefon, triadimenol,
tricyclazole, trifloxystrobin, triticonazole, validamycin,
vinclozin.
[0268] Biological agents: Bacillus thuringiensis ssp aizawai,
kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin, baculovirus,
entomopathogenic bacteria, virus and fungi.
[0269] Bactericides: chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline,
streptomycin.
[0270] Other biological agents: enrofloxacin, febantel,
penethamate, moloxicam, cefalexin, kanamycin, pimobendan,
clenbuterol, omeprazole, tiamulin, benazepril, pyriprole,
cefquinome, florfenicol, buserelin, cefovecin, tulathromycin,
ceftiour, carprofen, metaflumizone, praziquarantel,
triclabendazole.
[0271] When used in combination with other active ingredients, the
compounds of the invention are preferably used in combination with
the following (where "Tx" means a compound of formula (I), and in
particular one the compound of the formula (I) or one specific
compound selected from the Table A1 to A12 and Table B, which may
result in a synergistic combination with the given active
ingredient): imidacloprid+Tx, enrofloxacin+Tx, praziquantel+Tx,
pyrantel embonate+Tx, febantel+Tx, penethamate+Tx, moloxicam+Tx,
cefalexin+Tx, kanamycin+Tx, pimobendan+Tx, clenbuterol+Tx,
fipronil+Tx, ivermectin+Tx, omeprazole+Tx, tiamulin+Tx,
benazepril+Tx, milbemycin+Tx, cyromazine+Tx, thiamethoxam+Tx,
pyriprole+Tx, deltamethrin+Tx, cefquinome+Tx, florfenicol+Tx,
buserelin+Tx, cefovecin+Tx, tulathromycin+Tx, ceftiour+Tx,
selamectin+Tx, carprofen+Tx, metaflumizone+Tx, moxidectin+Tx,
methoprene (including S-methoprene)+Tx, clorsulon+Tx, pyrantel+Tx,
amitraz+Tx, triclabendazole+Tx, avermectin+Tx, abamectin+Tx,
emamectin+Tx, eprinomectin+Tx, doramectin+Tx, selamectin+Tx,
nemadectin+Tx, albendazole+Tx, cambendazole+Tx, fenbendazole+Tx,
flubendazole+Tx, mebendazole+Tx, oxfendazole+Tx, oxibendazole+Tx,
parbendazole+Tx, tetramisole+Tx, levamisole+Tx, pyrantel
pamoate+Tx, oxantel+Tx, morantel+Tx, triclabendazole+Tx,
epsiprantel+Tx, fipronil+Tx, lufenuron+Tx, ecdysone+Tx or
tebufenozide+Tx; more preferably, enrofloxacin+Tx, praziquantel+Tx,
pyrantel embonate+Tx, febantel+Tx, penethamate+Tx, moloxicam+Tx,
cefalexin+Tx, kanamycin+Tx, pimobendan+Tx, clenbuterol+Tx,
omeprazole+Tx, tiamulin+Tx, benazepril+Tx, pyriprole+Tx,
cefquinome+Tx, florfenicol+Tx, buserelin+Tx, cefovecin+Tx,
tulathromycin+Tx, ceftiour+Tx, selamectin+Tx, carprofen+Tx,
moxidectin+Tx, clorsulon+Tx, pyrantel+Tx, eprinomectin+Tx,
doramectin+Tx, selamectin+Tx, nemadectin+Tx, albendazole+Tx,
cambendazole+Tx, fenbendazole+Tx, flubendazole+Tx, mebendazole+Tx,
oxfendazole+Tx, oxibendazole+Tx, parbendazole+Tx, tetramisole+Tx,
levamisole+Tx, pyrantel pamoate+Tx, oxantel+Tx, morantel+Tx,
triclabendazole+Tx, epsiprantel+Tx, lufenuron+Tx or ecdysone+Tx;
even more preferably enrofloxacin+Tx, praziquantel+Tx, pyrantel
embonate+Tx, febantel+Tx, penethamate+Tx, moloxicam+Tx,
cefalexin+Tx, kanamycin+Tx, pimobendan+Tx, clenbuterol+Tx,
omeprazole+Tx, tiamulin+Tx, benazepril+Tx, pyriprole+Tx,
cefquinome+Tx, florfenicol+Tx, buserelin+Tx, cefovecin+Tx,
tulathromycin+Tx, ceftiour+Tx, selamectin+Tx, carprofen+Tx,
moxidectin+Tx, clorsulon+Tx or pyrantel+Tx.
[0272] Examples of ratios include 100:1 to 1:6000, 50:1 to 1:50,
20:1 to 1:20, even more especially from 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5,
2:1 to 1:2, 4:1 to 2:1, 1:1, or 5:1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5:4, or
4:1, or 4:2, or 4:3, or 3:1, or 3:2, or 2:1, or 1:5, or 2:5, or
3:5, or 4:5, or 1:4, or 2:4, or 3:4, or 1:3, or 2:3, or 1:2, or
1:600, or 1:300, or 1:150, or 1:35, or 2:35, or 4:35, or 1:75, or
2:75, or 4:75, or 1:6000, or 1:3000, or 1:1500, or 1:350, or 2:350,
or 4:350, or 1:750, or 2:750, or 4:750. Those mixing ratios are
understood to include, on the one hand, ratios by weight and also,
on the other hand, molar ratios.
[0273] Of particular note is a combination where the additional
active ingredient has a different site of action from the compound
of formula I. In certain instances, a combination with at least one
other parasitic invertebrate pest control active ingredient having
a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action will
be particularly advantageous for resistance management. Thus, a
combination product of the invention may comprise a pesticidally
effective amount of a compound of formula I and pesticidally
effective amount of at least one additional parasitic invertebrate
pest control active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control
but a different site of action.
[0274] One skilled in the art recognizes that because in the
environment and under physiological conditions salts of chemical
compounds are in equilibrium with their corresponding non salt
forms, salts share the biological utility of the non salt
forms.
[0275] Thus a wide variety of salts of compounds of the invention
(and active ingredients used in combination with the active
ingredients of the invention) may be useful for control of
invertebrate pests and animal parasites. Salts include
acid-addition salts with inorganic or organic acids such as
hydrobromic, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, acetic,
butyric, fumaric, lactic, maleic, malonic, oxalic, propionic,
salicylic, tartaric, 4-toluenesulfonic or valeric acids. The
compounds of the invention also include N-oxides. Accordingly, the
invention comprises combinations of compounds of the invention
including N-oxides and salts thereof and an additional active
ingredient including N-oxides and salts thereof.
[0276] The compositions for use in animal health may also contain
formulation auxiliaries and additives, known to those skilled in
the art as formulation aids (some of which may be considered to
also function as solid diluents, liquid diluents or surfactants).
Such formulation auxiliaries and additives may control: pH
(buffers), foaming during processing (antifoams such
polyorganosiloxanes), sedimentation of active ingredients
(suspending agents), viscosity (thixotropic thickeners),
in-container microbial growth (antimicrobials), product freezing
(antifreezes), color (dyes/pigment dispersions), wash-off (film
formers or stickers), evaporation (evaporation retardants), and
other formulation attributes. Film formers include, for example,
polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers,
polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohols,
polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and waxes. Examples of formulation
auxiliaries and additives include those listed in McCutcheon's
Volume 2: Functional Materials, annual International and North
American editions published by McCutcheon's Division, The
Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; and PCT Publication WO
03/024222.
[0277] The compounds of the invention can be applied without other
adjuvants, but most often application will be of a formulation
comprising one or more active ingredients with suitable carriers,
diluents, and surfactants and possibly in combination with a food
depending on the contemplated end use. One method of application
involves spraying a water dispersion or refined oil solution of the
combination products. Compositions with spray oils, spray oil
concentrations, spreader stickers, adjuvants, other solvents, and
synergists such as piperonyl butoxide often enhance compound
efficacy. Such sprays can be applied from spray containers such as
a can, a bottle or other container, either by means of a pump or by
releasing it from a pressurized container, e.g., a pressurized
aerosol spray can. Such spray compositions can take various forms,
for example, sprays, mists, foams, fumes or fog. Such spray
compositions thus can further comprise propellants, foaming agents,
etc. as the case may be. Of note is a spray composition comprising
a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention and
a carrier. One embodiment of such a spray composition comprises a
pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention and a
propellant. Representative propellants include, but are not limited
to, methane, ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, butene, pentane,
isopentane, neopentane, pentene, hydrofluorocarbons,
chlorofluorocarbons, dimethyl ether, and mixtures of the foregoing.
Of note is a spray composition (and a method utilizing such a spray
composition dispensed from a spray container) used to control at
least one parasitic invertebrate pest selected from the group
consisting of mosquitoes, black flies, stable flies, deer flies,
horse flies, wasps, yellow jackets, hornets, ticks, spiders, ants,
gnats, and the like, including individually or in combinations.
[0278] The controlling of animal parasites includes controlling
external parasites that are parasitic to the surface of the body of
the host animal (e.g., shoulders, armpits, abdomen, inner part of
the thighs) and internal parasites that are parasitic to the inside
of the body of the host animal (e.g., stomach, intestine, lung,
veins, under the skin, lymphatic tissue). External parasitic or
disease transmitting pests include, for example, chiggers, ticks,
lice, mosquitoes, flies, mites and fleas. Internal parasites
include heartworms, hookworms and helminths. The compounds of the
invention may be particularly suitable for combating external
parasitic pests. The compounds of the invention may be suitable for
systemic and/or non-systemic control of infestation or infection by
parasites on animals.
[0279] The compounds of the invention may be suitable for combating
parasitic invertebrate pests that infest animal subjects including
those in the wild, livestock and agricultural working animals.
Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally) to a
domesticated animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting
to make produce such as food or fiber, or for its labor; examples
of livestock include cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys,
camels, buffalo, rabbits, hens, turkeys, ducks and geese (e.g.,
raised for meat, milk, butter, eggs, fur, leather, feathers and/or
wool). By combating parasites, fatalities and performance reduction
(in terms of meat, milk, wool, skins, eggs, etc.) are reduced, so
that applying the compounds of the invention allows more economic
and simple husbandry of animals.
[0280] The compounds of the invention may be suitable for combating
parasitic invertebrate pests that infest companion animals and pets
(e.g., dogs, cats, pet birds and aquarium fish), research and
experimental animals (e.g., hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice),
as well as animals raised for/in zoos, wild habitats and/or
circuses.
[0281] In an embodiment of this invention, the animal is preferably
a vertebrate, and more preferably a mammal, avian or fish. In a
particular embodiment, the animal subject is a mammal (including
great apes, such as humans). Other mammalian subjects include
primates (e.g., monkeys), bovine (e.g., cattle or dairy cows),
porcine (e.g., hogs or pigs), ovine (e.g., goats or sheep), equine
(e.g., horses), canine (e.g., dogs), feline (e.g., house cats),
camels, deer, donkeys, buffalos, antelopes, rabbits, and rodents
(e.g., guinea pigs, squirrels, rats, mice, gerbils, and hamsters).
Avians include Anatidae (swans, ducks and geese), Columbidae (e.g.,
doves and pigeons), Phasianidae (e.g., partridges, grouse and
turkeys), Thesienidae (e.g., domestic chickens), Psittacines (e.g.,
parakeets, macaws, and parrots), game birds, and ratites (e.g.,
ostriches).
[0282] Birds treated or protected by the compounds of the invention
can be associated with either commercial or noncommercial
aviculture. These include Anatidae, such as swans, geese, and
ducks, Columbidae, such as doves and domestic pigeons, Phasianidae,
such as partridge, grouse and turkeys, Thesienidae, such as
domestic chickens, and Psittacines, such as parakeets, macaws and
parrots raised for the pet or collector market, among others.
[0283] For purposes of the present invention, the term "fish" is
understood to include without limitation, the Teleosti grouping of
fish, i.e., teleosts. Both the Salmoniformes order (which includes
the Salmonidae family) and the Perciformes order (which includes
the Centrarchidae family) are contained within the Teleosti
grouping. Examples of potential fish recipients include the
Salmonidae, Serranidae, Sparidae, Cichlidae, and Centrarchidae,
among others.
[0284] Other animals are also contemplated to benefit from the
inventive methods, including marsupials (such as kangaroos),
reptiles (such as farmed turtles), and other economically important
domestic animals for which the inventive methods are safe and
effective in treating or preventing parasite infection or
infestation.
[0285] Examples of parasitic invertebrate pests controlled by
administering a pesticidally effective amount of the compounds of
the invention to an animal to be protected include ectoparasites
(arthropods, acarines, etc.) and endoparasites (helminths, e.g.,
nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, acanthocephalans, etc.).
[0286] The disease or group of diseases described generally as
helminthiasis is due to infection of an animal host with parasitic
worms known as helminths. The term `helminths` is meant to include
nematodes, trematodes, cestodes and acanthocephalans. Helminthiasis
is a prevalent and serious economic problem with domesticated
animals such as swine, sheep, horses, cattle, goats, dogs, cats and
poultry.
[0287] Among the helminths, the group of worms described as
nematodes causes widespread and at times serious infection in
various species of animals.
[0288] Nematodes that are contemplated to be treated by the
compounds of the invention include, without limitation, the
following genera: Acanthocheilonema, Aelurostrongylus, Ancylostoma,
Angiostrongylus, Ascaridia, Ascaris, Brugia, Bunostomum,
Capillaria, Chabertia, Cooperia, Crenosoma, Dictyocaulus,
Dioctophyme, Dipetalonema, Diphyllobothrium, Dirofilaria,
Dracunculus, Enterobius, Filaroides, Haemonchus, Heterakis,
Lagochilascaris, Loa, Mansonella, Muellerius, Necator, Nematodirus,
Oesophagostomum, Ostertagia, Oxyuris, Parafilaria, Parascaris,
Physaloptera, Protostrongylus, Setaria, Spirocerca,
Stephanofilaria, Strongyloides, Strongylus, Thelazia, Toxascaris,
Toxocara, Trichinella, Trichonema, Trichostrongylus, Trichuris,
Uncinaria and Wuchereria.
[0289] Of the above, the most common genera of nematodes infecting
the animals referred to above are Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus,
Ostertagia, Nematodirus, Cooperia, Ascaris, Bunostomum,
Oesophagostomum, Chabertia, Trichuris, Strongylus, Trichonema,
Dictyocaulus, Capillaria, Heterakis, Toxocara, Ascaridia, Oxyuris,
Ancylostoma, Uncinaria, Toxascaris and Parascaris. Certain of
these, such as Nematodirus, Cooperia and Oesophagostomum attack
primarily the intestinal tract while others, such as Haemonchus and
Ostertagia, are more prevalent in the stomach while others such as
Dictyocaulus are found in the lungs. Still other parasites may be
located in other tissues such as the heart and blood vessels,
subcutaneous and lymphatic tissue and the like.
[0290] Trematodes that are contemplated to be treated by the
invention and by the inventive methods include, without limitation,
the following genera: Alaria, Fasciola, Nanophyetus, Opisthorchis,
Paragonimus and Schistosoma.
[0291] Cestodes that are contemplated to be treated by the
invention and by the inventive methods include, without limitation,
the following genera: Diphyllobothrium, Diplydium, Spirometra and
Taenia.
[0292] The most common genera of parasites of the gastrointestinal
tract of humans are Ancylostoma, Necator, Ascaris, Strongy hides,
Trichinella, Capillaria, Trichuris and Enterobius. Other medically
important genera of parasites which are found in the blood or other
tissues and organs outside the gastrointestinal tract are the
filarial worms such as Wuchereria, Brugia, Onchocerca and Loa, as
well as Dracunculus and extra intestinal stages of the intestinal
worms Strongyloides and Trichinella.
[0293] Numerous other helminth genera and species are known to the
art, and are also contemplated to be treated by the compounds of
the invention. These are enumerated in great detail in Textbook of
Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Volume 1, Helminths, E. J. L.
Soulsby, F. A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; Helminths, Arthropods
and Protozoa, (6.sup.th Edition of Monnig's Veterinary
Helminthology and Entomology), E. J. L. Soulsby, Williams and
Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md.
[0294] The compounds of the invention may be effective against a
number of animal ectoparasites (e.g., arthropod ectoparasites of
mammals and birds).
[0295] Insect and acarine pests include, e.g., biting insects such
as flies and mosquitoes, mites, ticks, lice, fleas, true bugs,
parasitic maggots, and the like.
[0296] Adult flies include, e.g., the horn fly or Haematobia
irritans, the horse fly or Tabanus spp., the stable fly or Stomoxys
calcitrans, the black fly or Simulium spp., the deer fly or
Chrysops spp., the louse fly or Melophagus ovinus, and the tsetse
fly or Glossina spp. Parasitic fly maggots include, e.g., the bot
fly (Oestrus ovis and Cuterebra spp.), the blow fly or Phaenicia
spp., the screwworm or Cochliomyia hominivorax, the cattle grub or
Hypoderma spp., the fleeceworm and the Gastrophilus of horses.
Mosquitoes include, for example, Culex spp., Anopheles spp., and
Aedes spp.
[0297] Mites include Mesostigmalphatalpha spp., e.g.,
mesostigmatids such as the chicken mite, Dermalphanyssus
galphallinalphae; itch or scab mites such as Sarcoptidae spp., for
example, Salpharcoptes scalphabiei; mange mites such as Psoroptidae
spp., including Chorioptes bovis and Psoroptes ovis; chiggers e.g.,
Trombiculidae spp., for example the North American chigger,
Trombiculalpha alphalfreddugesi.
[0298] Ticks include, e.g., soft-bodied ticks including Argasidae
spp., for example Argalphas spp., and Ornithodoros spp.;
hard-bodied ticks including Ixodidae spp., for example
Rhipicephalphalus sanguineus, Dermacentor variabilis, Dermacentor
andersoni, Amblyomma americanum, Ixodes scapularis and other
Rhipicephalus spp., (including the former Boophilus genera).
[0299] Lice include, e.g., sucking lice, e.g., Menopon spp.
[0300] and Bovicola spp.; biting lice, e.g., Haematopinus spp.,
Linognathus spp., and Solenopotes spp.
[0301] Fleas include, e.g., Ctenocephalides spp., such as dog flea
(Ctenocephalides canis) and cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis);
Xenopsylla spp., such as oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis);
and Pulex spp., such as human flea (Pulex irritans).
[0302] True bugs include, e.g., Cimicidae or e.g., the common bed
bug (Cimex lectularius); Triatominae spp., including triatomid bugs
also known as kissing bugs; for example Rhodnius prolixus and
Triatoma spp.
[0303] Generally, flies, fleas, lice, mosquitoes, gnats, mites,
ticks and helminths cause tremendous losses to the livestock and
companion animal sectors. Arthropod parasites also are a nuisance
to humans and can vector disease-causing organisms in humans and
animals.
[0304] Numerous other parasitic invertebrate pests are known to the
art, and are also contemplated to be treated by the compounds of
the invention. These are enumerated in great detail in Medical and
Veterinary Entomology, D. S. Kettle, John Wiley AND Sons, New York
and Toronto; Control of Arthropod Pests of Livestock: A Review of
Technology, R. O. Drummand, J. E. George, and S. E. Kunz, CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FIa.
[0305] The compounds of the invention may also be effective against
ectoparasites including: flies such as Haematobia (Lyperosia)
irritans (horn fly), Simulium spp., (blackfly), Glossina spp.,
(tsetse flies), Hydrotaea irritans (head fly), Musca autumnalis
(face fly), Musca domestica (house fly), Morellia simplex (sweat
fly), Tabanus spp., (horse fly), Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma
lineatum, Lucilia sericata, Lucilia cuprina (green blowfly),
Calliphora spp., (blowfly), Protophormia spp., Oestrus ovis (nasal
botfly), Culicoides spp., (midges), Hippobosca equine, Gastrophilus
intestinalis, Gastrophilus haemorrhoidalis and Gastrophilus
nasalis; lice such as Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis, Bovicola equi,
Haematopinus asini, Felicola subrostratus, Heterodoxus spiniger,
Lignonathus setosus and Trichodectes canis; keds such as Melophagus
ovinus; and mites such as Psoroptes spp., Sarcoptes scabei,
Chorioptes bovis, Demodex equi, Cheyletiella spp., Notoedres cati,
Trombicula spp., and Otodectes cyanotis (ear mites).
[0306] Treatments of the invention are by conventional means such
as by enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets,
capsules, drinks, drenching preparations, granulates, pastes, boli,
feed-through procedures, or suppositories; or by parenteral
administration, such as, for example, by injection (including
intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal) or
implants; or by nasal administration.
[0307] When compounds of the invention are applied in combination
with an additional biologically active ingredient, they may be
administered separately e.g. as separate compositions. In this
case, the biologically active ingredients may be administered
simultaneously or sequentially. Alternatively, the biologically
active ingredients may be components of one composition.
[0308] The compounds of the invention may be administered in a
controlled release form, for example in subcutaneous or orally
adminstered slow release formulations.
[0309] Typically a parasiticidal composition according to the
present invention comprises a compound of the invention, optionally
in combination with an additional biologically active ingredient,
or N-oxides or salts thereof, with one or more pharmaceutically or
veterinarily acceptable carriers comprising excipients and
auxiliaries selected with regard to the intended route of
administration (e.g., oral or parenteral administration such as
injection) and in accordance with standard practice. In addition, a
suitable carrier is selected on the basis of compatibility with the
one or more active ingredients in the composition, including such
considerations as stability relative to pH and moisture content.
Therefore of note are compounds of the invention for protecting an
animal from an invertebrate parasitic pest comprising a
parasitically effective amount of a compound of the invention,
optionally in combination with an additional biologically active
ingredient and at least one carrier.
[0310] For parenteral administration including intravenous,
intramuscular and subcutaneous injection, the compounds of the
invention can be formulated in suspension, solution or emulsion in
oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain adjuncts such as
suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
[0311] The compounds of the invention may also be formulated for
bolus injection or continuous infusion. Pharmaceutical compositions
for injection include aqueous solutions of water-soluble forms of
active ingredients (e.g., a salt of an active compound), preferably
in physiologically compatible buffers containing other excipients
or auxiliaries as are known in the art of pharmaceutical
formulation. Additionally, suspensions of the active compounds may
be prepared in a lipophilic vehicle. Suitable lipophilic vehicles
include fatty oils such as sesame oil, synthetic fatty acid esters
such as ethyl oleate and triglycerides, or materials such as
liposomes.
[0312] Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances that
increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran. Formulations for
injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules
or in multi-dose containers. Alternatively, the active ingredient
may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle,
e.g., sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.
[0313] In addition to the formulations described supra, the
compounds of the invention may also be formulated as a depot
preparation. Such long acting formulations may be administered by
implantation (for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by
intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.
[0314] The compounds of the invention may be formulated for this
route of administration with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic
materials (for instance, in an emulsion with a pharmacologically
acceptable oil), with ion exchange resins, or as a sparingly
soluble derivative such as, without limitation, a sparingly soluble
salt.
[0315] For administration by inhalation, the compounds of the
invention can be delivered in the form of an aerosol spray using a
pressurized pack or a nebulizer and a suitable propellant, e.g.,
without limitation, dichlorodifluoromethane,
trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane or carbon
dioxide. In the case of a pressurized aerosol, the dosage unit may
be controlled by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
[0316] Capsules and cartridges of, for example, gelatin for use in
an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix
of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or
starch.
[0317] The compounds of the invention may have favourable
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties providing systemic
availability from oral administration and ingestion. Therefore
after ingestion by the animal to be protected, parasiticidally
effective concentrations of a compound of the invention in the
bloodstream may protect the treated animal from blood-sucking pests
such as fleas, ticks and lice. Therefore of note is a composition
for protecting an animal from an invertebrate parasite pest in a
form for oral administration (i.e. comprising, in addition to a
parasiticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention,
one or more carriers selected from binders and fillers suitable for
oral administration and feed concentrate carriers).
[0318] For oral administration in the form of solutions (the most
readily available form for absorption), emulsions, suspensions,
pastes, gels, capsules, tablets, boluses, powders, granules,
rumen-retention and feed/water/lick blocks, the compounds of the
invention can be formulated with binders/fillers known in the art
to be suitable for oral administration compositions, such as sugars
and sugar derivatives (e.g., lactose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol),
starch (e.g., maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato
starch), cellulose and derivatives (e.g., methylcellulose,
carboxymethylcellulose, ethylhydroxycellulose), protein derivatives
(e.g., zein, gelatin), and synthetic polymers (e.g., polyvinyl
alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone). If desired, lubricants (e.g.,
magnesium stearate), disintegrating agents (e.g., cross-linked
polyvinylpyrrolidinone, agar, alginic acid) and dyes or pigments
can be added. Pastes and gels often also contain adhesives (e.g.,
acacia, alginic acid, bentonite, cellulose, xanthan gum, colloidal
magnesium aluminum silicate) to aid in keeping the composition in
contact with the oral cavity and not being easily ejected.
[0319] In one embodiment a composition of the present invention is
formulated into a chewable and/or edible product (e.g., a chewable
treat or edible tablet). Such a product would ideally have a taste,
texture and/or aroma favored by the animal to be protected so as to
facilitate oral administration of the compounds of the
invention.
[0320] If the parasiticidal compositions are in the form of feed
concentrates, the carrier is typically selected from
high-performance feed, feed cereals or protein concentrates.
[0321] Such feed concentrate-containing compositions can, in
addition to the parasiticidal active ingredients, comprise
additives promoting animal health or growth, improving quality of
meat from animals for slaughter or otherwise useful to animal
husbandry.
[0322] These additives can include, for example, vitamins,
antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, bacteriostats, fungistats,
coccidiostats and hormones.
[0323] The compound of the invention may also be formulated in
rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas,
using, e.g., conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or
other glycerides.
[0324] The formulations for the method of this invention may
include an antioxidant, such as BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). The
antioxidant is generally present in amounts of at 0.1-5 percent
(wt/vol). Some of the formulations require a solubilizer, such as
oleic acid, to dissolve the active agent, particularly if spinosad
is included. Common spreading agents used in these pour-on
formulations include isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate,
caprylic/capric acid esters of saturated C.sub.12-C.sub.18 fatty
alcohols, oleic acid, oleyl ester, ethyl oleate, triglycerides,
silicone oils and dipropylene glycol methyl ether. The pour-on
formulations for the method of this invention are prepared
according to known techniques. Where the pour-on is a solution, the
parasiticide/insecticide is mixed with the carrier or vehicle,
using heat and stirring if required. Auxiliary or additional
ingredients can be added to the mixture of active agent and
carrier, or they can be mixed with the active agent prior to the
addition of the carrier. Pour-on formulations in the form of
emulsions or suspensions are similarly prepared using known
techniques.
[0325] Other delivery systems for relatively hydrophobic
pharmaceutical compounds may be employed. Liposomes and emulsions
are well-known examples of delivery vehicles or carriers for
hydrophobic drugs. In addition, organic solvents such as
dimethylsulfoxide may be used, if needed.
[0326] The rate of application required for effective parasitic
invertebrate pest control (e.g. "pesticidally effective amount")
will depend on such factors as the species of parasitic
invertebrate pest to be controlled, the pest's life cycle, life
stage, its size, location, time of year, host crop or animal,
feeding behavior, mating behavior, ambient moisture, temperature,
and the like. One skilled in the art can easily determine the
pesticidally effective amount necessary for the desired level of
parasitic invertebrate pest control.
[0327] In general for veterinary use, the compounds of the
invention are administered in a pesticidally effective amount to an
animal, particularly a homeothermic animal, to be protected from
parasitic invertebrate pests.
[0328] A pesticidally effective amount is the amount of active
ingredient needed to achieve an observable effect diminishing the
occurrence or activity of the target parasitic invertebrate pest.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that the pesticidally
effective dose can vary for the various compounds and compositions
useful for the method of the present invention, the desired
pesticidal effect and duration, the target parasitic invertebrate
pest species, the animal to be protected, the mode of application
and the like, and the amount needed to achieve a particular result
can be determined through simple experimentation.
[0329] For oral or parenteral administration to animals, a dose of
the compositions of the present invention administered at suitable
intervals typically ranges from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100
mg/kg, and preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg of
animal body weight.
[0330] Suitable intervals for the administration of the
compositions of the present invention to animals range from about
daily to about yearly. Of note are administration intervals ranging
from about weekly to about once every 6 months. Of particular note
are monthly administration intervals (i.e. administering the
compounds to the animal once every month).
[0331] The present invention also provides a method for controlling
pests (such as mosquitoes and other disease vectors; see also
http://www.who.int/malaria/vector_control/irs/en/). In one
embodiment, the method for controlling pests comprises applying the
compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus
or to a surface or substrate by brushing, rolling, spraying,
spreading or dipping. By way of example, an IRS (indoor residual
spraying) application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor
surface is contemplated by the method of the invention. In another
embodiment, it is contemplated to apply such compositions to a
substrate such as non-woven or a fabric material in the form of (or
which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing,
bedding, curtains and tents.
[0332] In one embodiment, the method for controlling such pests
comprises applying a pesticidally effective amount of the
compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus,
or to a surface or substrate so as to provide effective residual
pesticidal activity on the surface or substrate. Such application
may be made by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping
the pesticidal composition of the invention. By way of example, an
IRS application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor
surface is contemplated by the method of the invention so as to
provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface. In
another embodiment, it is contemplated to apply such compositions
for residual control of pests on a substrate such as a fabric
material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture
of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents.
[0333] Substrates including non-woven, fabrics or netting to be
treated may be made of natural fibres such as cotton, raffia, jute,
flax, sisal, hessian, or wool, or synthetic fibres such as
polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile or the like.
The polyesters are particularly suitable. The methods of textile
treatment are know, e.g. from Handbuch Textilveredlung: Band 1:
Ausrustung, Band 2: Farbgebung, Band 3: Beschichtung, Band 4:
Umwelttechnik; Verlag: Deutscher Fachverlag; Auflage: 15,
uberarbeitete Ausgabe (17. Apr. 2006); ISBN-10: 3866410123;
ISBN-13: 978-3866410121, see especially Band 1: Ausrustung pages
27-198, more preferably on page 118; or WO2008151984 or
WO2003034823 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,631,072 or WO200564072 or
WO2006128870 or EP1724392 or WO2005064072 or WO2005113886 or
WO2007090739.
[0334] The term "plant" as used herein includes seedlings, bushes
and trees.
[0335] The term "crops" or "plant" is to be understood as including
also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of
recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising
one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for
example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the
genus Bacillus.
[0336] Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants
include, for example, insecticidal proteins, from Bacillus cereus
or Bacillus popilliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus
thuringiensis, such as .delta.-endotoxins, e.g. Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac,
Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative
insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g. Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or
insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example
Photorhabdus spp., or Xenorhabdus spp., such as Photorhabdus
luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus; toxins produced by animals,
such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other
insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as
Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley
lectins or snowdrop lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors,
such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin,
cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP),
such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin;
steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase,
ecdysteroid-UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases,
ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers, such
as blockers of sodium or calcium channels, juvenile hormone
esterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl
synthase, chitinases and glucanases.
[0337] In the context of the present invention there are to be
understood by .delta.-endotoxins, for example Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac,
Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative
insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A,
expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins.
Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of
different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO
02/15701). Truncated toxins, for example a truncated Cry1Ab, are
known. In the case of modified toxins, one or more amino acids of
the naturally occurring toxin are replaced. In such amino acid
replacements, preferably non-naturally present protease recognition
sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the
case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted
into a Cry3A toxin (see WO 03/018810).
[0338] Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of
synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374
753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO
03/052073.
[0339] The processes for the preparation of such transgenic plants
are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are
described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
CryI-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known,
for example, from WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 367 474, EP-A-0 401 979 and
WO 90/13651.
[0340] The toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the
plants tolerance to harmful insects. Such insects can occur in any
taxonomic group of insects, but are especially commonly found in
the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and
butterflies (Lepidoptera). Transgenic plants containing one or more
genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or
more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available.
Examples of such plants are: YieldGard.RTM. (maize variety that
expresses a Cry1Ab toxin); YieldGard Rootworm.RTM. (maize variety
that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus.RTM. (maize variety
that expresses a Cry1Ab and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); Starlink.RTM. (maize
variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex I.RTM. (maize
variety that expresses a Cry1Fa2 toxin and the enzyme
phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to
the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B.RTM. (cotton
variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard I.RTM. (cotton
variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard II.RTM. (cotton
variety that expresses a Cry1Ac and a Cry2Ab toxin); VipCot.RTM.
(cotton variety that expresses a Vip3A and a Cry1Ab toxin);
NewLeaf.RTM. (potato variety that expresses a Cry3A toxin);
NatureGard.RTM., Agrisure.RTM. GT Advantage (GA21
glyphosate-tolerant trait), Agrisure.RTM. CB Advantage (Bt11 corn
borer (CB) trait) and Protecta.RTM..
[0341] Further examples of such transgenic crops are:
[0342] 1. Bt11 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27,
F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10.
Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to
attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia
nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a truncated Cry1Ab toxin.
Bt11 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve
tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium.
[0343] 2. Bt176 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit
27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number
C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been
rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia
nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a
Cry1Ab toxin. Bt176 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme
PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium.
[0344] 3. MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit
27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number
C/FR/96/05/10. Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by
transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is
Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G-protease
recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize
plants is described in WO 03/018810.
[0345] 4. MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de
Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9.
MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance to certain
Coleoptera insects.
[0346] 5. IPC 531 Cotton from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue
de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number
C/ES/96/02.
[0347] 6. 1507 Maize from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Avenue
Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium, registration number
C/NL/00/10. Genetically modified maize for the expression of the
protein Cry1F for achieving resistance to certain Lepidoptera
insects and of the PAT protein for achieving tolerance to the
herbicide glufosinate ammonium.
[0348] 7. NK603.times.MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A.
270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration
number C/GB/02/M3/03. Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize
varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and
MON 810. NK603.times.MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the
protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium spp. strain CP4,
which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup.RTM. (contains
glyphosate), and also a Cry1Ab toxin obtained from Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to
certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer.
[0349] The activity of the compositions according to the invention
can be broadened considerably, and adapted to prevailing
circumstances, by adding other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or
fungicidally active ingredients. The mixtures of the compounds of
formula I with other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or
fungicidally active ingredients may also have further surprising
advantages which can also be described, in a wider sense, as
synergistic activity. For example, better tolerance by plants,
reduced phytotoxicity, insects can be controlled in their different
development stages or better behaviour during their production, for
example during grinding or mixing, during their storage or during
their use.
[0350] Suitable additions to active ingredients here are, for
example, representatives of the following classes of active
ingredients: organophosphorus compounds, nitrophenol derivatives,
thioureas, juvenile hormones, formamidines, benzophenone
derivatives, ureas, pyrrole derivatives, carbamates, pyrethroids,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, acylureas, pyridyl-methyleneamino
derivatives, macrolides, neonicotinoids and Bacillus thuringiensis
preparations.
[0351] The following mixtures of the compounds of formula I with
active ingredients are preferred (the abbreviation "TX" means "one
specific the compound of the formula (I) or one specific compound
selected from the Table A1 to A12 and Table B:
[0352] an adjuvant selected from the group of substances consisting
of petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX,
[0353] an acaricide selected from the group of substances
consisting of 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol (IUPAC name)
(910)+TX, 2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate (IUPAC/Chemical
Abstracts name) (1059)+TX, 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1-naphthylacetamide
(IUPAC name) (1295)+TX, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone (IUPAC name)
(981)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acequinocyl (3)+TX, acetoprole
[CCN]+TX, acrinathrin (9)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb
(863)+TX, alpha-cypermethrin (202)+TX, amidithion (870)+TX,
amidoflumet [CCN]+TX, amidothioate (872)+TX, amiton (875)+TX,
amiton hydrogen oxalate (875)+TX, amitraz (24)+TX, aramite
(881)+TX, arsenous oxide (882)+TX, AVI 382 (compound code)+TX, AZ
60541 (compound code)+TX, azinphos-ethyl (44)+TX, azinphos-methyl
(45)+TX, azobenzene (IUPAC name) (888)+TX, azocyclotin (46)+TX,
azothoate (889)+TX, benomyl (62)+TX, benoxafos (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, benzoximate (71)+TX, benzyl benzoate (IUPAC name)
[CCN]+TX, bifenazate (74)+TX, bifenthrin (76)+TX, binapacryl
(907)+TX, brofenvalerate (alternative name)+TX, bromocyclen
(918)+TX, bromophos (920)+TX, bromophos-ethyl (921)+TX,
bromopropylate (94)+TX, buprofezin (99)+TX, butocarboxim (103)+TX,
butoxycarboxim (104)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative name)+TX,
calcium polysulfide (IUPAC name) (111)+TX, camphechlor (941)+TX,
carbanolate (943)+TX, carbaryl (115)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX,
carbophenothion (947)+TX, CGA 50'439 (development code) (125)+TX,
chinomethionat (126)+TX, chlorbenside (959)+TX, chlordimeform
(964)+TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride (964)+TX, chlorfenapyr
(130)+TX, chlorfenethol (968)+TX, chlorfenson (970)+TX,
chlorfensulphide (971)+TX, chlorfenvinphos (131)+TX,
chlorobenzilate (975)+TX, chloromebuform (977)+TX, chloromethiuron
(978)+TX, chloropropylate (983)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX,
chlorpyrifos-methyl (146)+TX, chlorthiophos (994)+TX, cinerin I
(696)+TX, cinerin II (696)+TX, cinerins (696)+TX, clofentezine
(158)+TX, closantel (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, coumaphos
(174)+TX, crotamiton (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, crotoxyphos
(1010)+TX, cufraneb (1013)+TX, cyanthoate (1020)+TX, cyflumetofen
(CAS Reg. No.: 400882-07-7)+TX, cyhalothrin (196)+TX, cyhexatin
(199)+TX, cypermethrin (201)+TX, DCPM (1032)+TX, DDT (219)+TX,
demephion (1037)+TX, demephion-O (1037)+TX, demephion-S(1037)+TX,
demeton (1038)+TX, demeton-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-O (1038)+TX,
demeton-O-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S(1038)+TX, demeton-S-methyl
(224)+TX, demeton-S-methylsulphon (1039)+TX, diafenthiuron
(226)+TX, dialifos (1042)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dichlofluanid
(230)+TX, dichlorvos (236)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX,
dicofol (242)+TX, dicrotophos (243)+TX, dienochlor (1071)+TX,
dimefox (1081)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, dinactin (alternative name)
(653)+TX, dinex (1089)+TX, dinex-diclexine (1089)+TX, dinobuton
(269)+TX, dinocap (270)+TX, dinocap-4 [CCN]+TX, dinocap-6 [CCN]+TX,
dinocton (1090)+TX, dinopenton (1092)+TX, dinosulfon (1097)+TX,
dinoterbon (1098)+TX, dioxathion (1102)+TX, diphenyl sulfone (IUPAC
name) (1103)+TX, disulfiram (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, disulfoton
(278)+TX, DNOC (282)+TX, dofenapyn (1113)+TX, doramectin
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, endosulfan (294)+TX, endothion
(1121)+TX, EPN (297)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
ethion (309)+TX, ethoate-methyl (1134)+TX, etoxazole (320)+TX,
etrimfos (1142)+TX, fenazaflor (1147)+TX, fenazaquin (328)+TX,
fenbutatin oxide (330)+TX, fenothiocarb (337)+TX, fenpropathrin
(342)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX, fenpyroximate (345)+TX,
fenson (1157)+TX, fentrifanil (1161)+TX, fenvalerate (349)+TX,
fipronil (354)+TX, fluacrypyrim (360)+TX, fluazuron (1166)+TX,
flubenzimine (1167)+TX, flucycloxuron (366)+TX, flucythrinate
(367)+TX, fluenetil (1169)+TX, flufenoxuron (370)+TX, flumethrin
(372)+TX, fluorbenside (1174)+TX, fluvalinate (1184)+TX, FMC 1137
(development code) (1185)+TX, formetanate (405)+TX, formetanate
hydrochloride (405)+TX, formothion (1192)+TX, formparanate
(1193)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, glyodin (1205)+TX, halfenprox
(424)+TX, heptenophos (432)+TX, hexadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate
(IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1216)+TX, hexythiazox (441)+TX,
iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, isocarbophos (alternative name)
(473)+TX, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate (IUPAC
name) (473)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, jasmolin I
(696)+TX, jasmolin II (696)+TX, jodfenphos (1248)+TX, lindane
(430)+TX, lufenuron (490)+TX, malathion (492)+TX, malonoben
(1254)+TX, mecarbam (502)+TX, mephosfolan (1261)+TX, mesulfen
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methacrifos (1266)+TX, methamidophos
(527)+TX, methidathion (529)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, methomyl
(531)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, metolcarb (550)+TX, mevinphos
(556)+TX, mexacarbate (1290)+TX, milbemectin (557)+TX, milbemycin
oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, mipafox (1293)+TX, monocrotophos
(561)+TX, morphothion (1300)+TX, moxidectin (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, naled (567)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, NC-512
(compound code)+TX, nifluridide (1309)+TX, nikkomycins (alternative
name) [CCN]+TX, nitrilacarb (1313)+TX, nitrilacarb 1:1 zinc
chloride complex (1313)+TX, NNI-0101 (compound code)+TX, NNI-0250
(compound code)+TX, omethoate (594)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX,
oxydeprofos (1324)+TX, oxydisulfoton (1325)+TX, pp'-DDT (219)+TX,
parathion (615)+TX, permethrin (626)+TX, petroleum oils
(alternative name) (628)+TX, phenkapton (1330)+TX, phenthoate
(631)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosalone (637)+TX, phosfolan
(1338)+TX, phosmet (638)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phoxim
(642)+TX, pirimiphos-methyl (652)+TX, polychloroterpenes
(traditional name) (1347)+TX, polynactins (alternative name)
(653)+TX, proclonol (1350)+TX, profenofos (662)+TX, promacyl
(1354)+TX, propargite (671)+TX, propetamphos (673)+TX, propoxur
(678)+TX, prothidathion (1360)+TX, prothoate (1362)+TX, pyrethrin I
(696)+TX, pyrethrin II (696)+TX, pyrethrins (696)+TX, pyridaben
(699)+TX, pyridaphenthion (701)+TX, pyrimidifen (706)+TX,
pyrimitate (1370)+TX, quinalphos (711)+TX, quintiofos (1381)+TX,
R-1492 (development code) (1382)+TX, RA-17 (development code)
(1383)+TX, rotenone (722)+TX, schradan (1389)+TX, sebufos
(alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
SI-0009 (compound code)+TX, sophamide (1402)+TX, spirodiclofen
(738)+TX, spiromesifen (739)+TX, SSI-121 (development code)
(1404)+TX, sulfiram (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, sulfluramid
(750)+TX, sulfotep (753)+TX, sulphur (754)+TX, SZI-121 (development
code) (757)+TX, tau-fluvalinate (398)+TX, tebufenpyrad (763)+TX,
TEPP (1417)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, tetrachlorvinphos
(777)+TX, tetradifon (786)+TX, tetranactin (alternative name)
(653)+TX, tetrasul (1425)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX,
thiocarboxime (1431)+TX, thiofanox (800)+TX, thiometon (801)+TX,
thioquinox (1436)+TX, thuringiensin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
triamiphos (1441)+TX, triarathene (1443)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX,
triazuron (alternative name)+TX, trichlorfon (824)+TX, trifenofos
(1455)+TX, trinactin (alternative name) (653)+TX, vamidothion
(847)+TX, vaniliprole [CCN] and YI-5302 (compound code)+TX,
[0354] an algicide selected from the group of substances consisting
of bethoxazin [CCN]+TX, copper dioctanoate (IUPAC name) (170)+TX,
copper sulfate (172)+TX, cybutryne [CCN]+TX, dichlone (1052)+TX,
dichlorophen (232)+TX, endothal (295)+TX, fentin (347)+TX, hydrated
lime [CCN]+TX, nabam (566)+TX, quinoclamine (714)+TX, quinonamid
(1379)+TX, simazine (730)+TX, triphenyltin acetate (IUPAC name)
(347) and triphenyltin hydroxide (IUPAC name) (347)+TX,
[0355] an anthelmintic selected from the group of substances
consisting of abamectin (1)+TX, crufomate (1011)+TX, doramectin
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate
(291)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ivermectin
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, piperazine
[CCN]+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, spinosad (737)
and thiophanate (1435)+TX, an avicide selected from the group of
substances consisting of chloralose (127)+TX, endrin (1122)+TX,
fenthion (346)+TX, pyridin-4-amine (IUPAC name) (23) and strychnine
(745)+TX,
[0356] a bactericide selected from the group of substances
consisting of 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione (IUPAC name)
(1222)+TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide (IUPAC name)
(748)+TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (446)+TX, bronopol (97)+TX,
copper dioctanoate (IUPAC name) (170)+TX, copper hydroxide (IUPAC
name) (169)+TX, cresol [CCN]+TX, dichlorophen (232)+TX,
dipyrithione (1105)+TX, dodicin (1112)+TX, fenaminosulf (1144)+TX,
formaldehyde (404)+TX, hydrargaphen (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
kasugamycin (483)+TX, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (483)+TX,
nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) (IUPAC name) (1308)+TX,
nitrapyrin (580)+TX, octhilinone (590)+TX, oxolinic acid (606)+TX,
oxytetracycline (611)+TX, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate
(446)+TX, probenazole (658)+TX, streptomycin (744)+TX, streptomycin
sesquisulfate (744)+TX, tecloftalam (766)+TX, and thiomersal
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
[0357] a biological agent selected from the group of substances
consisting of Adoxophyes orana GV (alternative name) (12)+TX,
Agrobacterium radiobacter (alternative name) (13)+TX, Amblyseius
spp. (alternative name) (19)+TX, Anagrapha falcifera NPV
(alternative name) (28)+TX, Anagrus atomus (alternative name)
(29)+TX, Aphelinus abdominalis (alternative name) (33)+TX, Aphidius
colemani (alternative name) (34)+TX, Aphidoletes aphidimyza
(alternative name) (35)+TX, Autographa californica NPV (alternative
name) (38)+TX, Bacillus firmus (alternative name) (48)+TX, Bacillus
sphaericus Neide (scientific name) (49)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis
Berliner (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
aizawai (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
israelensis (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis
subsp. japonensis (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis
subsp. kurstaki (scientific name) (51)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis
subsp. tenebrionis (scientific name) (51)+TX, Beauveria bassiana
(alternative name) (53)+TX, Beauveria brongniartii (alternative
name) (54)+TX, Chrysoperla carnea (alternative name) (151)+TX,
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (alternative name) (178)+TX, Cydia
pomonella GV (alternative name) (191)+TX, Dacnusa sibirica
(alternative name) (212)+TX, Diglyphus isaea (alternative name)
(254)+TX, Encarsia Formosa (scientific name) (293)+TX, Eretmocerus
eremicus (alternative name) (300)+TX, Helicoverpa zea NPV
(alternative name) (431)+TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H.
megidis (alternative name) (433)+TX, Hippodamia convergens
(alternative name) (442)+TX, Leptomastix dactylopii (alternative
name) (488)+TX, Macrolophus caliginosus (alternative name)
(491)+TX, Mamestra brassicae NPV (alternative name) (494)+TX,
Metaphycus helvolus (alternative name) (522)+TX, Metarhizium
anisopliae var. acridum (scientific name) (523)+TX, Metarhizium
anisopliae var. anisopliae (scientific name) (523)+TX, Neodiprion
sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV (alternative name) (575)+TX, Orius
spp. (alternative name) (596)+TX, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus
(alternative name) (613)+TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis (alternative
name) (644)+TX, Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis
virus (scientific name) (741)+TX, Steinernema bibionis (alternative
name) (742)+TX, Steinernema carpocapsae (alternative name)
(742)+TX, Steinernema feltiae (alternative name) (742)+TX,
Steinernema glaseri (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema
riobrave (alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema riobravis
(alternative name) (742)+TX, Steinernema scapterisci (alternative
name) (742)+TX, Steinernema spp. (alternative name) (742)+TX,
Trichogramma spp. (alternative name) (826)+TX, Typhlodromus
occidentalis (alternative name) (844) and Verticillium lecanii
(alternative name) (848)+TX,
[0358] a soil sterilant selected from the group of substances
consisting of iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542) and methyl bromide
(537)+TX,
[0359] a chemosterilant selected from the group of substances
consisting of apholate [CCN]+TX, bisazir (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, busulfan (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, diflubenzuron
(250)+TX, dimatif (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, hemel [CCN]+TX,
hempa [CCN]+TX, metepa [CCN]+TX, methiotepa [CCN]+TX, methyl
apholate [CCN]+TX, morzid [CCN]+TX, penfluron (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, tepa [CCN]+TX, thiohempa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
thiotepa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tretamine (alternative name)
[CCN] and uredepa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, an insect pheromone
selected from the group of substances consisting of
(E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol (IUPAC name)
(222)+TX, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (829)+TX,
(E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol (IUPAC name) (541)+TX,
(E,Z)-tetradeca-4,10-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (779)+TX,
(Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (285)+TX,
(Z)-hexadec-11-enal (IUPAC name) (436)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl
acetate (IUPAC name) (437)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate
(IUPAC name) (438)+TX, (Z)-icos-13-en-10-one (IUPAC name) (448)+TX,
(Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al (IUPAC name) (782)+TX,
(Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol (IUPAC name) (783)+TX,
(Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (784)+TX,
(7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (283)+TX,
(9Z,11E)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (780)+TX,
(9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (781)+TX,
14-methyloctadec-1-ene (IUPAC name) (545)+TX, 4-methylnonan-5-ol
with 4-methylnonan-5-one (IUPAC name) (544)+TX, alpha-multistriatin
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, brevicomin (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, codlelure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, codlemone
(alternative name) (167)+TX, cuelure (alternative name) (179)+TX,
disparlure (277)+TX, dodec-8-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (286)+TX,
dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (287)+TX, dodeca-8+TX,
10-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (284)+TX, dominicalure
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate (IUPAC name)
(317)+TX, eugenol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, frontalin
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, gossyplure (alternative name)
(420)+TX, grandlure (421)+TX, grandlure I (alternative name)
(421)+TX, grandlure II (alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure III
(alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure IV (alternative name)
(421)+TX, hexalure [CCN]+TX, ipsdienol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
ipsenol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, japonilure (alternative name)
(481)+TX, lineatin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, litlure
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, looplure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
medlure [CCN]+TX, megatomoic acid (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
methyl eugenol (alternative name) (540)+TX, muscalure (563)+TX,
octadeca-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (588)+TX,
octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (589)+TX, orfralure
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, oryctalure (alternative name)
(317)+TX, ostramone (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, siglure [CCN]+TX,
sordidin (alternative name) (736)+TX, sulcatol (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, tetradec-11-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (785)+TX,
trimedlure (839)+TX, trimedlure A (alternative name) (839)+TX,
trimedlure Bi (alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure B2
(alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure C (alternative name) (839)
and trunc-call (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, an insect repellent
selected from the group of substances consisting of
2-(octylthio)ethanol (IUPAC name) (591)+TX, butopyronoxyl (933)+TX,
butoxy(polypropylene glycol) (936)+TX, dibutyl adipate (IUPAC name)
(1046)+TX, dibutyl phthalate (1047)+TX, dibutyl succinate (IUPAC
name) (1048)+TX, diethyltoluamide [CCN]+TX, dimethyl carbate
[CCN]+TX, dimethyl phthalate [CCN]+TX, ethyl hexanediol (1137)+TX,
hexamide [CCN]+TX, methoquin-butyl (1276)+TX, methylneodecanamide
[CCN]+TX, oxamate [CCN] and picaridin [CCN]+TX,
[0360] an insecticide selected from the group of substances
consisting of 1-dichloro-1-nitroethane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts
name) (1058)+TX, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-ethylphenyl)ethane (IUPAC
name) (1056), +TX, 1,2-dichloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts
name) (1062)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3-dichloropropene
(IUPAC name) (1063)+TX, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (IUPAC/Chemical
Abstracts name) (916)+TX,
2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate (IUPAC name)
(1451)+TX, 2,2-dichlorovinyl 2-ethylsulphinylethyl methyl phosphate
(IUPAC name) (1066)+TX, 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenyl
dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1109)+TX,
2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name)
(935)+TX, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate
(IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1084)+TX,
2-(4-chloro-3,5-xylyloxy)ethanol (IUPAC name) (986)+TX,
2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate (IUPAC name) (984)+TX,
2-imidazolidone (IUPAC name) (1225)+TX, 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione
(IUPAC name) (1246)+TX, 2-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl
methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1284)+TX, 2-thiocyanatoethyl laurate
(IUPAC name) (1433)+TX, 3-bromo-1-chloroprop-1-ene (IUPAC name)
(917)+TX, 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-yl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC
name) (1283)+TX, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino-3,5-xylyl
methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1285)+TX,
5,5-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-enyl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC name)
(1085)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acephate (2)+TX, acetamiprid (4)+TX,
acethion (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX,
acrinathrin (9)+TX, acrylonitrile (IUPAC name) (861)+TX, alanycarb
(15)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, aldrin (864)+TX,
allethrin (17)+TX, allosamidin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
allyxycarb (866)+TX, alpha-cypermethrin (202)+TX, alpha-ecdysone
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, aluminium phosphide (640)+TX,
amidithion (870)+TX, amidothioate (872)+TX, aminocarb (873)+TX,
amiton (875)+TX, amiton hydrogen oxalate (875)+TX, amitraz (24)+TX,
anabasine (877)+TX, athidathion (883)+TX, AVI 382 (compound
code)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX, azadirachtin (alternative
name) (41)+TX, azamethiphos (42)+TX, azinphos-ethyl (44)+TX,
azinphos-methyl (45)+TX, azothoate (889)+TX, Bacillus thuringiensis
delta endotoxins (alternative name) (52)+TX, barium
hexafluorosilicate (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, barium polysulfide
(IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (892)+TX, barthrin [CCN]+TX, Bayer
22/190 (development code) (893)+TX, Bayer 22408 (development code)
(894)+TX, bendiocarb (58)+TX, benfuracarb (60)+TX, bensultap
(66)+TX, beta-cyfluthrin (194)+TX, beta-cypermethrin (203)+TX,
bifenthrin (76)+TX, bioallethrin (78)+TX, bioallethrin
S-cyclopentenyl isomer (alternative name) (79)+TX, bioethanomethrin
[CCN]+TX, biopermethrin (908)+TX, bioresmethrin (80)+TX,
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (IUPAC name) (909)+TX, bistrifluron
(83)+TX, borax (86)+TX, brofenvalerate (alternative name)+TX,
bromfenvinfos (914)+TX, bromocyclen (918)+TX, bromo-DDT
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, bromophos (920)+TX, bromophos-ethyl
(921)+TX, bufencarb (924)+TX, buprofezin (99)+TX, butacarb
(926)+TX, butathiofos (927)+TX, butocarboxim (103)+TX, butonate
(932)+TX, butoxycarboxim (104)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative
name)+TX, cadusafos (109)+TX, calcium arsenate [CCN]+TX, calcium
cyanide (444)+TX, calcium polysulfide (IUPAC name) (111)+TX,
camphechlor (941)+TX, carbanolate (943)+TX, carbaryl (115)+TX,
carbofuran (118)+TX, carbon disulfide (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts
name) (945)+TX, carbon tetrachloride (IUPAC name) (946)+TX,
carbophenothion (947)+TX, carbosulfan (119)+TX, cartap (123)+TX,
cartap hydrochloride (123)+TX, cevadine (alternative name)
(725)+TX, chlorbicyclen (960)+TX, chlordane (128)+TX, chlordecone
(963)+TX, chlordimeform (964)+TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride
(964)+TX, chlorethoxyfos (129)+TX, chlorfenapyr (130)+TX,
chlorfenvinphos (131)+TX, chlorfluazuron (132)+TX, chlormephos
(136)+TX, chloroform [CCN]+TX, chloropicrin (141)+TX, chlorphoxim
(989)+TX, chlorprazophos (990)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX,
chlorpyrifos-methyl (146)+TX, chlorthiophos (994)+TX,
chromafenozide (150)+TX, cinerin I (696)+TX, cinerin II (696)+TX,
cinerins (696)+TX, cis-resmethrin (alternative name)+TX, cismethrin
(80)+TX, clocythrin (alternative name)+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX,
closantel (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, clothianidin (165)+TX,
copper acetoarsenite [CCN]+TX, copper arsenate [CCN]+TX, copper
oleate [CCN]+TX, coumaphos (174)+TX, coumithoate (1006)+TX,
crotamiton (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, crotoxyphos (1010)+TX,
crufomate (1011)+TX, cryolite (alternative name) (177)+TX, CS 708
(development code) (1012)+TX, cyanofenphos (1019)+TX, cyanophos
(184)+TX, cyanthoate (1020)+TX, cyclethrin [CCN]+TX, cycloprothrin
(188)+TX, cyfluthrin (193)+TX, cyhalothrin (196)+TX, cypermethrin
(201)+TX, cyphenothrin (206)+TX, cyromazine (209)+TX, cythioate
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, d-limonene (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, d-tetramethrin (alternative name) (788)+TX, DAEP
(1031)+TX, dazomet (216)+TX, DDT (219)+TX, decarbofuran (1034)+TX,
deltamethrin (223)+TX, demephion (1037)+TX, demephion-O (1037)+TX,
demephion-S(1037)+TX, demeton (1038)+TX, demeton-methyl (224)+TX,
demeton-O (1038)+TX, demeton-O-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S
(1038)+TX, demeton-S-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S-methylsulphon
(1039)+TX, diafenthiuron (226)+TX, dialifos (1042)+TX, diamidafos
(1044)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dicapthon (1050)+TX, dichlofenthion
(1051)+TX, dichlorvos (236)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX,
dicresyl (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, dicrotophos (243)+TX,
dicyclanil (244)+TX, dieldrin (1070)+TX, diethyl
5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate (IUPAC name) (1076)+TX,
diflubenzuron (250)+TX, dilor (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
dimefluthrin [CCN]+TX, dimefox (1081)+TX, dimetan (1085)+TX,
dimethoate (262)+TX, dimethrin (1083)+TX, dimethylvinphos (265)+TX,
dimetilan (1086)+TX, dinex (1089)+TX, dinex-diclexine (1089)+TX,
dinoprop (1093)+TX, dinosam (1094)+TX, dinoseb (1095)+TX,
dinotefuran (271)+TX, diofenolan (1099)+TX, dioxabenzofos
(1100)+TX, dioxacarb (1101)+TX, dioxathion (1102)+TX, disulfoton
(278)+TX, dithicrofos (1108)+TX, DNOC (282)+TX, doramectin
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, DSP (1115)+TX, ecdysterone
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, EI 1642 (development code) (1118)+TX,
emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX, EMPC (1120)+TX,
empenthrin (292)+TX, endosulfan (294)+TX, endothion (1121)+TX,
endrin (1122)+TX, EPBP (1123)+TX, EPN (297)+TX, epofenonane
(1124)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, esfenvalerate
(302)+TX, etaphos (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethiofencarb
(308)+TX, ethion (309)+TX, ethiprole (310)+TX, ethoate-methyl
(1134)+TX, ethoprophos (312)+TX, ethyl formate (IUPAC name)
[CCN]+TX, ethyl-DDD (alternative name) (1056)+TX, ethylene
dibromide (316)+TX, ethylene dichloride (chemical name) (1136)+TX,
ethylene oxide [CCN]+TX, etofenprox (319)+TX, etrimfos (1142)+TX,
EXD (1143)+TX, famphur (323)+TX, fenamiphos (326)+TX, fenazaflor
(1147)+TX, fenchlorphos (1148)+TX, fenethacarb (1149)+TX,
fenfluthrin (1150)+TX, fenitrothion (335)+TX, fenobucarb (336)+TX,
fenoxacrim (1153)+TX, fenoxycarb (340)+TX, fenpirithrin (1155)+TX,
fenpropathrin (342)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX,
fensulfothion (1158)+TX, fenthion (346)+TX, fenthion-ethyl
[CCN]+TX, fenvalerate (349)+TX, fipronil (354)+TX, flonicamid
(358)+TX, flubendiamide (CAS. Reg. No.: 272451-65-7)+TX, flucofuron
(1168)+TX, flucycloxuron (366)+TX, flucythrinate (367)+TX,
fluenetil (1169)+TX, flufenerim [CCN]+TX, flufenoxuron (370)+TX,
flufenprox (1171)+TX, flumethrin (372)+TX, fluvalinate (1184)+TX,
FMC 1137 (development code) (1185)+TX, fonofos (1191)+TX,
formetanate (405)+TX, formetanate hydrochloride (405)+TX,
formothion (1192)+TX, formparanate (1193)+TX, fosmethilan
(1194)+TX, fospirate (1195)+TX, fosthiazate (408)+TX, fosthietan
(1196)+TX, furathiocarb (412)+TX, furethrin (1200)+TX,
gamma-cyhalothrin (197)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, guazatine (422)+TX,
guazatine acetates (422)+TX, GY-81 (development code) (423)+TX,
halfenprox (424)+TX, halofenozide (425)+TX, HCH (430)+TX, HEOD
(1070)+TX, heptachlor (1211)+TX, heptenophos (432)+TX, heterophos
[CCN]+TX, hexaflumuron (439)+TX, HHDN (864)+TX, hydramethylnon
(443)+TX, hydrogen cyanide (444)+TX, hydroprene (445)+TX,
hyquincarb (1223)+TX, imidacloprid (458)+TX, imiprothrin (460)+TX,
indoxacarb (465)+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, IPSP
(1229)+TX, isazofos (1231)+TX, isobenzan (1232)+TX, isocarbophos
(alternative name) (473)+TX, isodrin (1235)+TX, isofenphos
(1236)+TX, isolane (1237)+TX, isoprocarb (472)+TX, isopropyl
0-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate (IUPAC name) (473)+TX,
isoprothiolane (474)+TX, isothioate (1244)+TX, isoxathion (480)+TX,
ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, jasmolin I (696)+TX,
jasmolin II (696)+TX, jodfenphos (1248)+TX, juvenile hormone I
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, juvenile hormone II (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, juvenile hormone III (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kelevan
(1249)+TX, kinoprene (484)+TX, lambda-cyhalothrin (198)+TX, lead
arsenate [CCN]+TX, lepimectin (CCN)+TX, leptophos (1250)+TX,
lindane (430)+TX, lirimfos (1251)+TX, lufenuron (490)+TX,
lythidathion (1253)+TX, m-cumenyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC name)
(1014)+TX, magnesium phosphide (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, malathion
(492)+TX, malonoben (1254)+TX, mazidox (1255)+TX, mecarbam
(502)+TX, mecarphon (1258)+TX, menazon (1260)+TX, mephosfolan
(1261)+TX, mercurous chloride (513)+TX, mesulfenfos (1263)+TX,
metaflumizone (CCN)+TX, metam (519)+TX, metam-potassium
(alternative name) (519)+TX, metam-sodium (519)+TX, methacrifos
(1266)+TX, methamidophos (527)+TX, methanesulphonyl fluoride
(IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1268)+TX, methidathion (529)+TX,
methiocarb (530)+TX, methocrotophos (1273)+TX, methomyl (531)+TX,
methoprene (532)+TX, methoquin-butyl (1276)+TX, methothrin
(alternative name) (533)+TX, methoxychlor (534)+TX, methoxyfenozide
(535)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, methyl isothiocyanate (543)+TX,
methylchloroform (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methylene chloride
[CCN]+TX, metofluthrin [CCN]+TX, metolcarb (550)+TX, metoxadiazone
(1288)+TX, mevinphos (556)+TX, mexacarbate (1290)+TX, milbemectin
(557)+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, mipafox
(1293)+TX, mirex (1294)+TX, monocrotophos (561)+TX, morphothion
(1300)+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naftalofos
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naled (567)+TX, naphthalene
(IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1303)+TX, NC-170 (development
code) (1306)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, nicotine (578)+TX,
nicotine sulfate (578)+TX, nifluridide (1309)+TX, nitenpyram
(579)+TX, nithiazine (1311)+TX, nitrilacarb (1313)+TX, nitrilacarb
1:1 zinc chloride complex (1313)+TX, NNI-0101 (compound code)+TX,
NNI-0250 (compound code)+TX, nornicotine (traditional name)
(1319)+TX, novaluron (585)+TX, noviflumuron (586)+TX,
O-5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate (IUPAC
name) (1057)+TX, O,O-diethyl O-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl
phosphorothioate (IUPAC name) (1074)+TX, O,O-diethyl
O-6-methyl-2-propylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate (IUPAC name)
(1075)+TX, O,O,O',O'-tetrapropyl dithiopyrophosphate (IUPAC name)
(1424)+TX, oleic acid (IUPAC name) (593)+TX, omethoate (594)+TX,
oxamyl (602)+TX, oxydemeton-methyl (609)+TX, oxydeprofos (1324)+TX,
oxydisulfoton (1325)+TX, pp'-DDT (219)+TX, para-dichlorobenzene
[CCN]+TX, parathion (615)+TX, parathion-methyl (616)+TX, penfluron
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, pentachlorophenol (623)+TX,
pentachlorophenyl laurate (IUPAC name) (623)+TX, permethrin
(626)+TX, petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX, PH 60-38
(development code) (1328)+TX, phenkapton (1330)+TX, phenothrin
(630)+TX, phenthoate (631)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosalone
(637)+TX, phosfolan (1338)+TX, phosmet (638)+TX, phosnichlor
(1339)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phosphine (IUPAC name) (640)+TX,
phoxim (642)+TX, phoxim-methyl (1340)+TX, pirimetaphos (1344)+TX,
pirimicarb (651)+TX, pirimiphos-ethyl (1345)+TX, pirimiphos-methyl
(652)+TX, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers (IUPAC name)
(1346)+TX, polychloroterpenes (traditional name) (1347)+TX,
potassium arsenite [CCN]+TX, potassium thiocyanate [CCN]+TX,
prallethrin (655)+TX, precocene I (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
precocene II (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, precocene III
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, primidophos (1349)+TX, profenofos
(662)+TX, profluthrin [CCN]+TX, promacyl (1354)+TX, promecarb
(1355)+TX, propaphos (1356)+TX, propetamphos (673)+TX, propoxur
(678)+TX, prothidathion (1360)+TX, prothiofos (686)+TX, prothoate
(1362)+TX, protrifenbute [CCN]+TX, pymetrozine (688)+TX, pyraclofos
(689)+TX, pyrazophos (693)+TX, pyresmethrin (1367)+TX, pyrethrin I
(696)+TX, pyrethrin II (696)+TX, pyrethrins (696)+TX, pyridaben
(699)+TX, pyridalyl (700)+TX, pyridaphenthion (701)+TX, pyrimidifen
(706)+TX, pyrimitate (1370)+TX, pyriproxyfen (708)+TX, quassia
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, quinalphos (711)+TX, quinalphos-methyl
(1376)+TX, quinothion (1380)+TX, quintiofos (1381)+TX, R-1492
(development code) (1382)+TX, rafoxanide (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, resmethrin (719)+TX, rotenone (722)+TX, RU 15525
(development code) (723)+TX, RU 25475 (development code) (1386)+TX,
ryania (alternative name) (1387)+TX, ryanodine (traditional name)
(1387)+TX, sabadilla (alternative name) (725)+TX, schradan
(1389)+TX, sebufos (alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative
name) [CCN]+TX, SI-0009 (compound code)+TX, SI-0205 (compound
code)+TX, SI-0404 (compound code)+TX, SI-0405 (compound code)+TX,
silafluofen (728)+TX, SN 72129 (development code) (1397)+TX, sodium
arsenite [CCN]+TX, sodium cyanide (444)+TX, sodium fluoride
(IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1399)+TX, sodium
hexafluorosilicate (1400)+TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide (623)+TX,
sodium selenate (IUPAC name) (1401)+TX, sodium thiocyanate
[CCN]+TX, sophamide (1402)+TX, spinosad (737)+TX, spiromesifen
(739)+TX, spirotetrmat (CCN)+TX, sulcofuron (746)+TX,
sulcofuron-sodium (746)+TX, sulfluramid (750)+TX, sulfotep
(753)+TX, sulphuryl fluoride (756)+TX, sulprofos (1408)+TX, tar
oils (alternative name) (758)+TX, tau-fluvalinate (398)+TX,
tazimcarb (1412)+TX, TDE (1414)+TX, tebufenozide (762)+TX,
tebufenpyrad (763)+TX, tebupirimfos (764)+TX, teflubenzuron
(768)+TX, tefluthrin (769)+TX, temephos (770)+TX, TEPP (1417)+TX,
terallethrin (1418)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, terbufos
(773)+TX, tetrachloroethane [CCN]+TX, tetrachlorvinphos (777)+TX,
tetramethrin (787)+TX, theta-cypermethrin (204)+TX, thiacloprid
(791)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thiamethoxam (792)+TX,
thicrofos (1428)+TX, thiocarboxime (1431)+TX, thiocyclam (798)+TX,
thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate (798)+TX, thiodicarb (799)+TX,
thiofanox (800)+TX, thiometon (801)+TX, thionazin (1434)+TX,
thiosultap (803)+TX, thiosultap-sodium (803)+TX, thuringiensin
(alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tolfenpyrad (809)+TX, tralomethrin
(812)+TX, transfluthrin (813)+TX, transpermethrin (1440)+TX,
triamiphos (1441)+TX, triazamate (818)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX,
triazuron (alternative name)+TX, trichlorfon (824)+TX,
trichlormetaphos-3 (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, trichloronat
(1452)+TX, trifenofos (1455)+TX, triflumuron (835)+TX, trimethacarb
(840)+TX, triprene (1459)+TX, vamidothion (847)+TX, vaniliprole
[CCN]+TX, veratridine (alternative name) (725)+TX, veratrine
(alternative name) (725)+TX, XMC (853)+TX, xylylcarb (854)+TX,
YI-5302 (compound code)+TX, zeta-cypermethrin (205)+TX, zetamethrin
(alternative name)+TX, zinc phosphide (640)+TX, zolaprofos (1469)
and ZXI 8901 (development code) (858)+TX, cyantraniliprole
[736994-63-19]+TX, chlorantraniliprole [500008-45-7]+TX,
cyenopyrafen [560121-52-0]+TX, cyflumetofen [400882-07-7]+TX,
pyrifluquinazon [337458-27-2]+TX, spinetoram
[187166-40-1+187166-15-0]+TX, spirotetramat [203313-25-1]+TX,
sulfoxaflor [946578-00-3]+TX, flufiprole [704886-18-0]+TX,
meperfluthrin [915288-13-0]+TX, tetramethylfluthrin
[84937-88-2]+TX,
[0361] a molluscicide selected from the group of substances
consisting of bis(tributyltin) oxide (IUPAC name) (913)+TX,
bromoacetamide [CCN]+TX, calcium arsenate [CCN]+TX, cloethocarb
(999)+TX, copper acetoarsenite [CCN]+TX, copper sulfate (172)+TX,
fentin (347)+TX, ferric phosphate (IUPAC name) (352)+TX,
metaldehyde (518)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, niclosamide (576)+TX,
niclosamide-olamine (576)+TX, pentachlorophenol (623)+TX, sodium
pentachlorophenoxide (623)+TX, tazimcarb (1412)+TX, thiodicarb
(799)+TX, tributyltin oxide (913)+TX, trifenmorph (1454)+TX,
trimethacarb (840)+TX, triphenyltin acetate (IUPAC name) (347) and
triphenyltin hydroxide (IUPAC name) (347)+TX, pyriprole
[394730-71-3]+TX,
[0362] a nematicide selected from the group of substances
consisting of AKD-3088 (compound code)+TX,
1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name)
(1045)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name)
(1062)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3-dichloropropene (IUPAC
name) (1063)+TX, 1,3-dichloropropene (233)+TX,
3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide (IUPAC/Chemical
Abstracts name) (1065)+TX, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine
(IUPAC name) (980)+TX,
5-methyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid (IUPAC name)
(1286)+TX, 6-isopentenylaminopurine (alternative name) (210)+TX,
abamectin (1)+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX, alanycarb (15)+TX, aldicarb
(16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX,
benclothiaz [CCN]+TX, benomyl (62)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative
name)+TX, cadusafos (109)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX, carbon disulfide
(945)+TX, carbosulfan (119)+TX, chloropicrin (141)+TX, chlorpyrifos
(145)+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX, cytokinins (alternative name)
(210)+TX, dazomet (216)+TX, DBCP (1045)+TX, DCIP (218)+TX,
diamidafos (1044)+TX, dichlofenthion (1051)+TX, dicliphos
(alternative name)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, doramectin (alternative
name) [CCN]+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX,
eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethoprophos (312)+TX,
ethylene dibromide (316)+TX, fenamiphos (326)+TX, fenpyrad
(alternative name)+TX, fensulfothion (1158)+TX, fosthiazate
(408)+TX, fosthietan (1196)+TX, furfural (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, GY-81 (development code) (423)+TX, heterophos [CCN]+TX,
iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, isamidofos (1230)+TX, isazofos
(1231)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kinetin
(alternative name) (210)+TX, mecarphon (1258)+TX, metam (519)+TX,
metam-potassium (alternative name) (519)+TX, metam-sodium (519)+TX,
methyl bromide (537)+TX, methyl isothiocyanate (543)+TX, milbemycin
oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, moxidectin (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX, Myrothecium verrucaria composition (alternative name)
(565)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX, phorate
(636)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phosphocarb [CCN]+TX, sebufos
(alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,
spinosad (737)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, terbufos (773)+TX,
tetrachlorothiophene (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1422)+TX,
thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thionazin (1434)+TX, triazophos
(820)+TX, triazuron (alternative name)+TX, xylenols [CCN]+TX,
YI-5302 (compound code) and zeatin (alternative name) (210)+TX,
fluensulfone [318290-98-1]+TX,
[0363] a nitrification inhibitor selected from the group of
substances consisting of potassium ethylxanthate [CCN] and
nitrapyrin (580)+TX,
[0364] a plant activator selected from the group of substances
consisting of acibenzolar (6)+TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl (6)+TX,
probenazole (658) and Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (alternative
name) (720)+TX,
[0365] a rodenticide selected from the group of substances
consisting of 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione (IUPAC name) (1246)+TX,
4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide (IUPAC name) (748)+TX,
alpha-chlorohydrin [CCN]+TX, aluminium phosphide (640)+TX, antu
(880)+TX, arsenous oxide (882)+TX, barium carbonate (891)+TX,
bisthiosemi (912)+TX, brodifacoum (89)+TX, bromadiolone (91)+TX,
bromethalin (92)+TX, calcium cyanide (444)+TX, chloralose (127)+TX,
chlorophacinone (140)+TX, cholecalciferol (alternative name)
(850)+TX, coumachlor (1004)+TX, coumafuryl (1005)+TX, coumatetralyl
(175)+TX, crimidine (1009)+TX, difenacoum (246)+TX, difethialone
(249)+TX, diphacinone (273)+TX, ergocalciferol (301)+TX,
flocoumafen (357)+TX, fluoroacetamide (379)+TX, flupropadine
(1183)+TX, flupropadine hydrochloride (1183)+TX, gamma-HCH
(430)+TX, HCH (430)+TX, hydrogen cyanide (444)+TX, iodomethane
(IUPAC name) (542)+TX, lindane (430)+TX, magnesium phosphide (IUPAC
name) (640)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, norbormide (1318)+TX,
phosacetim (1336)+TX, phosphine (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, phosphorus
[CCN]+TX, pindone (1341)+TX, potassium arsenite [CCN]+TX, pyrinuron
(1371)+TX, scilliroside (1390)+TX, sodium arsenite [CCN]+TX, sodium
cyanide (444)+TX, sodium fluoro-acetate (735)+TX, strychnine
(745)+TX, thallium sulfate [CCN]+TX, warfarin (851) and zinc
phosphide (640)+TX,
[0366] a synergist selected from the group of substances consisting
of 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperonylate (IUPAC name) (934)+TX,
5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone (IUPAC name)
(903)+TX, farnesol with nerolidol (alternative name) (324)+TX,
MB-599 (development code) (498)+TX, MGK 264 (development code)
(296)+TX, piperonyl butoxide (649)+TX, piprotal (1343)+TX, propyl
isomer (1358)+TX, S421 (development code) (724)+TX, sesamex
(1393)+TX, sesasmolin (1394) and sulfoxide (1406)+TX,
[0367] an animal repellent selected from the group of substances
consisting of anthraquinone (32)+TX, chloralose (127)+TX, copper
naphthenate [CCN]+TX, copper oxychloride (171)+TX, diazinon
(227)+TX, dicyclopentadiene (chemical name) (1069)+TX, guazatine
(422)+TX, guazatine acetates (422)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX,
pyridin-4-amine (IUPAC name) (23)+TX, thiram (804)+TX, trimethacarb
(840)+TX, zinc naphthenate [CCN] and ziram (856)+TX,
[0368] a virucide selected from the group of substances consisting
of imanin (alternative name) [CCN] and ribavirin (alternative name)
[CCN]+TX,
[0369] a wound protectant selected from the group of substances
consisting of mercuric oxide (512)+TX, octhilinone (590) and
thiophanate-methyl (802)+TX,
[0370] and biologically active compounds selected from the group
consisting of azaconazole (60207-31-0]+TX, bitertanol
[70585-36-3]+TX, bromuconazole [116255-48-2]+TX, cyproconazole
[94361-06-5]+TX, difenoconazole [119446-68-3]+TX, diniconazole
[83657-24-3]+TX, epoxiconazole [106325-08-0]+TX, fenbuconazole
[114369-43-6]+TX, fluquinconazole [136426-54-5]+TX, flusilazole
[85509-19-9]+TX, flutriafol [76674-21-0]+TX, hexaconazole
[79983-71-4]+TX, imazalil [35554-44-0]+TX, imibenconazole
[86598-92-7]+TX, ipconazole [125225-28-7]+TX, metconazole
[125116-23-6]+TX, myclobutanil [88671-89-0]+TX, pefurazoate
[101903-30-4]+TX, penconazole [66246-88-6]+TX, prothioconazole
[178928-70-6]+TX, pyrifenox [88283-41-4]+TX, prochloraz
[67747-09-5]+TX, propiconazole [60207-90-1]+TX, simeconazole
[149508-90-7]+TX, tebuconazole [107534-96-3]+TX, tetraconazole
[112281-77-3]+TX, triadimefon [43121-43-3]+TX, triadimenol
[55219-65-3]+TX, triflumizole [99387-89-0]+TX, triticonazole
[131983-72-7]+TX, ancymidol [12771-68-5]+TX, fenarimol
[60168-88-9]+TX, nuarimol [63284-71-9]+TX, bupirimate
[41483-43-6]+TX, dimethirimol [5221-53-4]+TX, ethirimol
[23947-60-6]+TX, dodemorph [1593-77-7]+TX, fenpropidine
[67306-00-7]+TX, fenpropimorph [67564-91-4]+TX, spiroxamine
[118134-30-8]+TX, tridemorph [81412-43-3]+TX, cyprodinil
[121552-61-2]+TX, mepanipyrim [110235-47-7]+TX, pyrimethanil
[53112-28-0]+TX, fenpiclonil [74738-17-3]+TX, fludioxonil
[131341-86-1]+TX, benalaxyl [71626-11-4]+TX, furalaxyl
[57646-30-7]+TX, metalaxyl [57837-19-1]+TX, R-metalaxyl
[70630-17-0]+TX, ofurace [58810-48-3]+TX, oxadixyl [77732-09-3]+TX,
benomyl [17804-35-2]+TX, carbendazim [10605-21-7]+TX, debacarb
[62732-91-6]+TX, fuberidazole [3878-19-1]+TX, thiabendazole
[148-79-8]+TX, chlozolinate [84332-86-5]+TX, dichlozoline
[24201-58-9]+TX, iprodione [36734-19-7]+TX, myclozoline
[54864-61-8]+TX, procymidone [32809-16-8]+TX, vinclozoline
[50471-44-8]+TX, boscalid [188425-85-6]+TX, carboxin
[5234-68-4]+TX, fenfuram [24691-80-3]+TX, flutolanil
[66332-96-5]+TX, mepronil [55814-41-0]+TX, oxycarboxin
[5259-88-1]+TX, penthiopyrad [183675-82-3]+TX, thifluzamide
[130000-40-7]+TX, guazatine [108173-90-6]+TX, dodine [2439-10-3]
[112-65-2] (free base)+TX, iminoctadine [13516-27-3]+TX,
azoxystrobin [131860-33-8]+TX, dimoxystrobin [149961-52-4]+TX,
enestroburin {Proc. BCPC, Int. Congr., Glasgow, 2003, 1, 93}+TX,
fluoxastrobin [361377-29-9]+TX, kresoxim-methyl [143390-89-0]+TX,
metominostrobin [133408-50-1]+TX, trifloxystrobin [141517-21-7]+TX,
orysastrobin [248593-16-0]+TX, picoxystrobin [117428-22-5]+TX,
[0371] pyraclostrobin [175013-18-0]+TX, ferbam [14484-64-1]+TX,
mancozeb [8018-01-7]+TX, maneb [12427-38-2]+TX, metiram
[9006-42-2]+TX, propineb [12071-83-9]+TX, thiram [137-26-8]+TX,
zineb [12122-67-7]+TX, ziram [137-30-4]+TX, captafol
[2425-06-1]+TX, captan [133-06-2]+TX, dichlofluanid [1085-98-9]+TX,
fluoroimide [41205-21-4]+TX, folpet [133-07-3]+TX, tolylfluanid
[731-27-1]+TX, bordeaux mixture [8011-63-0]+TX, copperhydroxid
[20427-59-2]+TX, copperoxychlorid [1332-40-7]+TX, coppersulfat
[7758-98-7]+TX, copperoxid [1317-39-1]+TX, mancopper
[53988-93-5]+TX, oxine-copper [10380-28-6]+TX, dinocap
[131-72-6]+TX, nitrothal-isopropyl [10552-74-6]+TX, edifenphos
[17109-49-8]+TX, iprobenphos [26087-47-8]+TX, isoprothiolane
[50512-35-1]+TX, phosdiphen [36519-00-3]+TX, pyrazophos
[13457-18-6]+TX, tolclofos-methyl [57018-04-9]+TX,
acibenzolar-S-methyl [135158-54-2]+TX, anilazine [101-05-3]+TX,
benthiavalicarb [413615-35-7]+TX, blasticidin-S [2079-00-7]+TX,
chinomethionat [2439-01-2]+TX, chloroneb [2675-77-6]+TX,
chlorothalonil [1897-45-6]+TX, cyflufenamid [180409-60-3]+TX,
cymoxanil [57966-95-7]+TX, dichlone [117-80-6]+TX, diclocymet
[139920-32-4]+TX, diclomezine [62865-36-5]+TX, dicloran
[99-30-9]+TX, diethofencarb [87130-20-9]+TX, dimethomorph
[110488-70-5]+TX, SYP-LI90 (Flumorph) [211867-47-9]+TX, dithianon
[3347-22-6]+TX, ethaboxam [162650-77-3]+TX, etridiazole
[2593-15-9]+TX, famoxadone [131807-57-3]+TX, fenamidone
[161326-34-7]+TX, fenoxanil [115852-48-7]+TX, fentin [668-34-8]+TX,
ferimzone [89269-64-7]+TX, fluazinam [79622-59-6]+TX, fluopicolide
[239110-15-7]+TX, flusulfamide [106917-52-6]+TX, fenhexamid
[126833-17-8]+TX, fosetyl-aluminium [39148-24-8]+TX, hymexazol
[10004-44-1]+TX, iprovalicarb [140923-17-7]+TX, IKF-916
(Cyazofamid) [120116-88-3]+TX, kasugamycin [6980-18-3]+TX,
methasulfocarb [66952-49-6]+TX, metrafenone [220899-03-6]+TX,
pencycuron [66063-05-6]+TX, phthalide [27355-22-2]+TX, polyoxins
[11113-80-7]+TX, probenazole [27605-76-1]+TX, propamocarb
[25606-41-1]+TX, proquinazid [189278-12-4]+TX, pyroquilon
[57369-32-1]+TX, quinoxyfen [124495-18-7]+TX, quintozene
[82-68-8]+TX, sulphur [7704-34-9]+TX, tiadinil [223580-51-6]+TX,
triazoxide [72459-58-6]+TX, tricyclazole [41814-78-2]+TX, triforine
[26644-46-2]+TX, validamycin [37248-47-8]+TX, zoxamide (RH7281)
[156052-68-5]+TX, mandipropamid [374726-62-2]+TX, isopyrazam
[881685-58-1]+TX, sedaxane [874967-67-6]+TX,
3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid
(9-dichloromethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methano-naphthalen-5-yl)-amid-
e (disclosed in WO 2007/048556)+TX,
3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid
[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-1-methyl-ethyl]-amide (disclosed
in WO 2008/148570)+TX,
1-[4-[4-[(5S)5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thia-
zol-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]e-
thanone+TX,
1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol--
2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethan-
one [1003318-67-9], both disclosed in WO 2010/123791, WO
2008/013925, WO 2008/013622 and WO 2011/051243 page 20)+TX,
3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid
(3',4',5'-trifluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-amide (disclosed in WO 2006/0873
43)+TX, and
1-methyl-2-(2,4,5-trichloro-thiophen-3-yl)-ethyl]+TX.
[0372] The references in brackets behind the active ingredients,
e.g. [3878-19-1] refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry number.
The above described mixing partners are known. Where the active
ingredients are included in "The Pesticide Manual" [The Pesticide
Manual--A World Compendium; Thirteenth Edition; Editor: C. D. S.
TomLin; The British Crop Protection Council], they are described
therein under the entry number given in round brackets hereinabove
for the particular compound; for example, the compound "abamectin"
is described under entry number (1). Where "[CCN]" is added
hereinabove to the particular compound, the compound in question is
included in the "Compendium of Pesticide Common Names", which is
accessible on the internet [A. Wood; Compendium of Pesticide Common
Names, Copyright .COPYRGT. 1995-2004]; for example, the compound
"acetoprole" is described under the internet address
http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/acetoprole.html.
[0373] Most of the active ingredients described above are referred
to hereinabove by a so-called "common name", the relevant "ISO
common name" or another "common name" being used in individual
cases. If the designation is not a "common name", the nature of the
designation used instead is given in round brackets for the
particular compound; in that case, the IUPAC name, the
IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name, a "chemical name", a "traditional
name", a "compound name" or a "development code" is used or, if
neither one of those designations nor a "common name" is used, an
"alternative name" is employed. "CAS Reg. No" means the Chemical
Abstracts Registry Number.
[0374] The active ingredient mixture of the compounds of formula I
or one specific compound selected from the Table A1 to A12 and
Table B, and an active ingredient as described above preferably in
a mixing ratio of from 100:1 to 1:6000, especially from 50:1 to
1:50, more especially in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20, even more
especially from 10:1 to 1:10, very especially from 5:1 and 1:5,
special preference being given to a ratio of from 2:1 to 1:2, and a
ratio of from 4:1 to 2:1 being likewise preferred, above all in a
ratio of 1:1, or 5:1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5:4, or 4:1, or 4:2, or
4:3, or 3:1, or 3:2, or 2:1, or 1:5, or 2:5, or 3:5, or 4:5, or
1:4, or 2:4, or 3:4, or 1:3, or 2:3, or 1:2, or 1:600, or 1:300, or
1:150, or 1:35, or 2:35, or 4:35, or 1:75, or 2:75, or 4:75, or
1:6000, or 1:3000, or 1:1500, or 1:350, or 2:350, or 4:350, or
1:750, or 2:750, or 4:750. Those mixing ratios are understood to
include, on the one hand, ratios by weight and also, on the other
hand, molar ratios.
[0375] The mixtures as described above can be used in a method for
controlling pests, which comprises applying a composition
comprising a mixture as described above to the pests or their
environment, with the exception of a method for treatment of the
human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods
practised on the human or animal body.
[0376] The mixtures comprising a compound of formula I or one
specific one specific compound selected from the Table A1 to A12
and Table B and one or more active ingredients as described above
can be applied, for example, in a single "ready-mix" form, in a
combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the
single active ingredient components, such as a "tank-mix", and in a
combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a
sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short
period, such as a few hours or days. The order of applying the
compounds of formula I or one specific compound selected from the
Table A1 (compounds A1.1 to A1.112) or a specific one specific
compound selected from the Table A1 to A12 and Table B, and the
active ingredients as described above is not essential for working
the present invention.
[0377] The compositions can also comprise further solid or liquid
auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or
epoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil,
rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil,
preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers,
fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific
effects, for example bactericides, fungicides, nematocides, plant
activators, molluscicides or herbicides.
[0378] The compositions according to the invention are prepared in
a manner known per se, in the absence of auxiliaries for example by
grinding, screening and/or compressing a solid active ingredient
and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by
intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the
auxiliary (auxiliaries). These processes for the preparation of the
compositions and the use of the compounds I for the preparation of
these compositions are also a subject of the invention.
[0379] The application methods for the compositions, that is the
methods of controlling pests of the abovementioned type, such as
spraying, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, dressing, scattering or
pouring--which are to be selected to suit the intended aims of the
prevailing circumstances--and the use of the compositions for
controlling pests of the abovementioned type are other subjects of
the invention. Typical rates of concentration are between 0.1 and
1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm, of active ingredient.
The rate of application per hectare is generally 1 to 2000 g of
active ingredient per hectare, in particular 10 to 1000 g/ha,
preferably 10 to 600 g/ha.
[0380] A preferred method of application in the field of crop
protection is application to the foliage of the plants (foliar
application), it being possible to select frequency and rate of
application to match the danger of infestation with the pest in
question. Alternatively, the active ingredient can reach the plants
via the root system (systemic action), by drenching the locus of
the plants with a liquid composition or by incorporating the active
ingredient in solid form into the locus of the plants, for example
into the soil, for example in the form of granules (soil
application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such granules can be
metered into the flooded paddy-field.
[0381] The compositions according to the invention are also
suitable for the protection of plant propagation material, for
example seeds, such as fruit, tubers or kernels, or nursery plants,
against pests of the abovementioned type. The propagation material
can be treated with the compositions prior to planting, for example
seed can be treated prior to sowing. Alternatively, the
compositions can be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by
soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by applying a layer
of a solid composition. It is also possible to apply the
compositions when the propagation material is planted to the site
of application, for example into the seed furrow during drilling.
These treatment methods for plant propagation material and the
plant propagation material thus treated are further subjects of the
invention.
[0382] The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can
also be used in combination with safeners. Preferably, in these
mixtures, the compound of the formula (I) or one specific compound
selected from the Table A1 to A12 and Table B. The following
mixtures with safeners, especially, come into consideration:
[0383] compound of formula (I)+cloquintocet-mexyl, compound of
formula (I)+cloquintocet acid and salts thereof, compound of
formula (I)+fenchlorazole-ethyl, compound of formula
(I)+fenchlorazole acid and salts thereof, compound of formula
(I)+mefenpyr-diethyl, compound of formula (I)+mefenpyr diacid,
compound of formula (I)+isoxadifen-ethyl, compound of formula
(I)+isoxadifen acid, compound of formula (I)+furilazole, compound
of formula (I)+furilazole R isomer, compound of formula
(I)+benoxacor, compound of formula (I)+dichlormid, compound of
formula (I)+AD-67, compound of formula (I)+oxabetrinil, compound of
formula (I)+cyometrinil, compound of formula (I)+cyometrinil
Z-isomer, compound of formula (I)+fenclorim, compound of formula
(I)+cyprosulfamide, compound of formula (I)+naphthalic anhydride,
compound of formula (I)+flurazole, compound of formula
(I)+N-(2-methoxybenzoyl)-4-1(methylaminocarbonyl)aminolbenzenesulfonamide-
, compound of formula (I)+CL 304,415, compound of formula
(I)+dicyclonon, compound of formula (I)+fluxofenim, compound of
formula (I)+DKA-24, compound of formula (I)+R-29148 and compound of
formula (I)+PPG-1292. A safening effect can also be observed for
the mixtures compound of the formula (I)+dymron, compound of the
formula (I)+MCPA, compound of the formula (I)+mecoprop and compound
of the formula (I)+mecoprop-P.
[0384] The mixing partners of the TX may also be in the form of
esters or salts, as mentioned e.g. in The Pesticide Manual, 12th
Edition (BCPC), 2000.
[0385] In the above different lists of active ingredients to be
mixed with a TX, the compound of the formula I is preferably one
specific compound selected from the Table A1 to A12 and Table B
[0386] In the above-mentioned mixtures of compounds of formula I,
in particular one specific or one specific compound selected from
the Table A1 to A12 and Table B with other insecticides,
fungicides, herbicides, safeners, adjuvants and the like, the
mixing ratios can vary over a large range and are, preferably
[0387] 100:1 to 1:6000, especially 50:1 to 1:50, more especially
20:1 to 1:20, even more especially 10:1 to 1:10. Those mixing
ratios are understood to include, on the one hand, ratios by weight
and also, on the other hand, molar ratios.
[0388] The mixtures can advantageously be used in the
above-mentioned formulations (in which case "active ingredient"
relates to the respective mixture of TX with the mixing
partner).
[0389] Some mixtures may comprise active ingredients which have
significantly different physical, chemical or biological properties
such that they do not easily lend themselves to the same
conventional formulation type. In these circumstances other
formulation types may be prepared. For example, where one active
ingredient is a water insoluble solid and the other a water
insoluble liquid, it may nevertheless be possible to disperse each
active ingredient in the same continuous aqueous phase by
dispersing the solid active ingredient as a suspension (using a
preparation analogous to that of an SC) but dispersing the liquid
active ingredient as an emulsion (using a preparation analogous to
that of an EW). The resultant composition is a suspoemulsion (SE)
formulation.
[0390] The mixtures comprising a TX one specific or one specific
compound selected from the Table A1 to A12 and Table B and one or
more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for
example, in a single "ready-mix" form, in a combined spray mixture
composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient
components, such as a "tank-mix", and in a combined use of the
single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e.
one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few
hours or days. The order of applying the compounds of formula I or
one specific or one specific compound selected from the Table A1 to
A12 and Table B and the active ingredients as described above is
not essential for working the present invention.
[0391] The compounds of formula (I) may be mixed with soil, peat or
other rooting media for the protection of plants against
seed-borne, soil-borne or foliar fungal diseases.
[0392] Examples of suitable synergists for use in the compositions
include piperonyl butoxide, sesamex, safroxan and dodecyl
imidazole.
[0393] Suitable herbicides and plant-growth regulators for
inclusion in the compositions will depend upon the intended target
and the effect required.
[0394] An example of a rice selective herbicide which may be
included is propanil. An example of a plant growth regulator for
use in cotton is PIX.TM..
[0395] Some mixtures may comprise active ingredients which have
significantly different physical, chemical or biological properties
such that they do not easily lend themselves to the same
conventional formulation type. In these circumstances other
formulation types may be prepared. For example, where one active
ingredient is a water insoluble solid and the other a water
insoluble liquid, it may nevertheless be possible to disperse each
active ingredient in the same continuous aqueous phase by
dispersing the solid active ingredient as a suspension (using a
preparation analogous to that of an SC) but dispersing the liquid
active ingredient as an emulsion (using a preparation analogous to
that of an EW). The resultant composition is a suspoemulsion (SE)
formulation.
[0396] The following Examples illustrate, but do not limit, the
invention.
[0397] The compounds of the invention can be distinguished from
known compounds by virtue of greater efficacy at low application
rates, which can be verified by the person skilled in the art using
the experimental procedures outlined in the Examples, using lower
application rates if necessary, for example 50 ppm, 12.5 ppm, 6
ppm, 3 ppm, 1.5 ppm or 0.8 ppm.
PREPARATION EXAMPLES
Example P.1:
N-[3-[[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromet-
hyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-fluoro-phenyl]-N-ethyl-pyridine-4-carboxamid-
e (Entry 2 of the Table B)
Step 1:
N-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoro-
methyl)ethyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-3-nitro-benzamide
##STR00029##
[0399] To a suspension of 11 g 2-fluoro-3-nitro-benzoic acid in 170
ml dichloromethane a drop of N,N-dimethylformamide was added,
followed by 5.55 ml oxalyl dichloride. The resulting yellow
suspension was stirred at ambient temperature for 5.5 hours. Then
the solution was evaporated to give 12.2 g of
2-fluoro-3-nitro-benzoyl chloride. To a solution of 20.7 g
2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)eth-
yl]aniline in 200 ml acetonitrile were added 12.2 g
2-fluoro-3-nitro-benzoyl chloride and 0.84 g potassium iodide, and
the resulting solution was heated to reflux for 18 hours. Then the
solvent was evaporated, the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate and
extracted with aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic phase was
dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was
evaporated. Thus, 29 g of crude
N-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-
ethyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-3-nitro-benzamide was obtained, which was
used for step 2 without further purification. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3, .delta. in ppm): 8.44 (t, 1H), 8.28 (t, 1H), 8.07 (d,
1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 6.60 (t, 1H).
Step 2:
3-amino-N-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(t-
rifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide
##STR00030##
[0401] To a suspension of 15.07 g
N42-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)e-
thyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-3-nitro-benzamide and 3.67 g iron powder in
100 ml ethanol and 30 ml water was added 1 ml of concentrated
hydrochloric acid. The resulting dark suspension was heated to
reflux for 7 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to ambient
temperature, filtered over celite, and the solvent was evaporated.
The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with brine.
The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography
on silica gel, using heptane/ethyl acetate (9:1 to 1:1) as eluent.
Thus, 5.23 g of
3-amino-N-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluor-
omethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide was obtained. .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, .delta. in ppm): 8.13 (d, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H),
7.52 (s, 1H), 7.45 (t, 1H), 7.11 (t, 1H), 6.99 (t, 1H), 6.60 (t,
1H), 3.90 (s, broad, 2H).
Step 3:
N-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoro-
methyl)ethyl]phenyl]-3-(ethylamino)-2-fluoro-benzamide
##STR00031##
[0403] To a solution of 2.32 g
3-amino-N-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluor-
omethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide, 0.27 ml acetic acid and
0.20 g acetaldehyde in 19.2 ml methanol was added 311 mg sodium
cyanoborohydride. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient
temperature for 2 hours. Then the solvent was evaporated and the
residue purified by chromatography on silica gel, using ethal
acetate/heptane (1:19 to 1:4) as eluent. Thus, 1.98 g of
N42-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)e-
thyl]phenyl]-3-(ethylamino)-2-fluoro-benzamide was obtained.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, .delta. in ppm): 8.12 (d, 1H),
7.79 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.34 (t, 1H), 7.15 (t, 1H), 6.90 (t,
1H), 6.60 (t, 1H), 3.98 (s, broad, 1H), 3.23 (q, 2H), 1.32 (t,
3H).
Step 4:
N-[3-[[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifl-
uoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-fluoro-phenyl]-N-ethyl-pyridine-4-car-
boxamide (Entry 2 of the Table B)
##STR00032##
[0405] To a solution of 0.70 g
N-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-
ethyl]phenyl]-3-(ethylamino)-2-fluoro-benzamide in 4.9 ml
tetrahydrofuran was added 267 mg of isonicotinoyl chloride
hydrochloride. The suspension was heated to 70.degree. C. for 1
hour. Then the reaction mixture was allowed to ambient temperature,
and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by
chromatography on silica gel, using dichloromethane/methanol (1.5
to 4% methanol) as eluent. Thus, 765 mg
N-[3-[[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromet-
hyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-fluoro-phenyl]-N-ethyl-pyridine-4-carboxamid-
e was obtained as a solid, mp=186-188.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl.sub.3, .delta. in ppm): 8.50 (s, broad, 2H), 8.02 (t,
1H), 7.83 (d, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.43 (t, 1H), 7.28
(t, 1H), 7.18 (s, broad, 2H), 6.55 (t, 1H), 4.00 (m, broad, 2H),
1.28 (t, broad, 3H).
Example P.2:
N-[3-[[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromet-
hyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-fluoro-phenyl]-N-ethyl-1-oxido-pyridin-1-ium-
-4-carboxamide (Entry 11 of the Table B)
##STR00033##
[0407] To a solution of 454 mg
N-[3-[[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromet-
hyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-fluoro-phenyl]-N-ethyl-pyridine-4-carboxamid-
e in 6.7 ml dichloromethane was added 173 mg
3-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoic acid. The resulting clear solution was
stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours. Then the solvent was
evaporated, and the residue purified by chromatography on silica
gel, using dichloromethane/methanol (1.5 to 10% methanol) as
eluent. Thus, 421 mg
N-[3-[[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromet-
hyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-fluoro-phenyl]-N-ethyl-1-oxido-pyridin-1-ium-
-4-carboxamide was obtained as a solid, mp=103-106.degree. C.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, .delta. in ppm): 8.07 (t, 1H),
8.01 (d, 2H), 7.88 (d, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.45 (t,
1H), 7.36 (t, 1H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 6.60 (t, 1H), 3.95 (m, broad, 2H),
1.27 (t, 3H).
Example P.3:
N-[2-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl-
)ethyl]phenyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-2-methoxy-benzamide (Entry
14 of the Table B)
Step 1:
N-[2-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluor-
omethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-3-nitro-benzamide
##STR00034##
[0409] 12.3 g 2-fluoro-3-nitro-benzoic acid was dissolved in 3 ml
dichloromethane and a drop of N,N-dimethylformamide was added. Then
6.2 ml oxalyl dichloride was added slowly over 30 min, and the
mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3.5 hours, then the
solvent was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in 70 ml of
acetonitrile and added slowly to a solution of 20 g
2-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)et-
hyl]aniline and of 0.92 g potassium iodide in 150 mL of
acetonitrile. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 18
hours, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and the solvent
evaporated. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate and washed
with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, the organic phase was
separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated.
Thus, 31.5 g of crude
N42-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-
ethyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-3-nitro-benzamide was obtained, which was
used for step 2 without further purification. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3, .delta. in ppm): 8.43 (t, 1H), 8.28 (t, 1H), 8.10 (d,
1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 6.60 (t, 1H).
Step 2:
N-[2-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluor-
omethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-2-methoxy-3-nitro-benzamide
##STR00035##
[0411] 11.1 g of
N42-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-
ethyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-3-nitro-benzamide was dissolved in 190 ml
methanol and 5.86 g of potassium carbonate was added. The mixture
was heated to 50.degree. C. for 3 hours. Then the solvent was
evaporated, the residue was extracted with dichloromethane and
water and the layers separated. The organic layer was dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated. Thus, 11.04 g
of crude
N42-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-
ethyl]phenyl]-2-methoxy-3-nitro-benzamide was obtained, which was
used for step 3 without further purification. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3, .delta. in ppm): 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, 1H), 8.05 (d,
1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.43 (t, 1H), 6.61 (t, 1H), 4.14
(s, 3H).
Step 3:
3-amino-N-[2-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(-
trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-2-methoxy-benzamide
##STR00036##
[0413] To a solution of 11.04 g
N-[2-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl-
)ethyl]phenyl]-2-methoxy-3-nitro-benzamide in 200 ml ethanol was
added 40 ml of water, followed by 0.77 ml concentrated hydrochloric
acid and 2.85 g iron powder. The mixture was heated to reflux for
18 hours, then allowed to cool to ambient temperature, filtered
over celite, and the solvent was evaporated. Thus, 10.06 g of
3-amino-N-[2-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluo-
romethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-2-methoxy-benzamide was obtained, which was
used for step 4 without further purification. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3, .delta. in ppm): 9.46 (s, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d,
1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.10 (t, 1H), 6.97 (d, 1H), 6.61 (t, 1H), 3.98
(s, 3H), 3.93 (s, broad, 2H).
Step 4:
N-[2-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluor-
omethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-2-methoxy-benzamide
(Entry 14 of the Table B)
##STR00037##
[0415] To a solution of 123 mg
3-amino-N-[2-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluo-
romethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-2-methoxy-benzamide in 2.4 ml acetonitrile
were added 4 mg of potassium iodide and 48 mg of 4-cyanobenzoyl
chloride. The mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours, then
allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and the solvent evaporated.
The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with saturated
aqueous sodium sulfite, then with aqueous sodium bicarbonate, then
with brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate, and the solvent evaporated. Thus, without any further
purification, 132 mg of
N-[2-chloro-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl-
)ethyl]phenyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-2-methoxy-benzamide was
obtained as a solid, mp=90-100.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3, .delta. in ppm): 8.96 (s, 1H), 8.63 (d, 1H), 8.50 (s,
1H), 8.02 (d, 2H), 7.85 (m, 3H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.37
(t, 1H), 6.63 (t, 1H), 4.03 (s, 3H).
Example P.4:
N-[3-[[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromet-
hyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-methoxy-phenyl]-N-methyl-1-oxido-pyridin-1-i-
um-4-carboxamide (Entry 183 of the Table B)
Step 1:
N-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoro-
methyl)ethyl]phenyl]acetamide
##STR00038##
[0417] To a solution of
2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1(trifluoromethyl)
ethyl]aniline (1.0 g) in acetic anhydride (5.5 ml) were added a few
drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. The resulting solution was
heated at 60.degree. C. for 200 minutes. The consumption of the
starting aniline was followed by LC-MS analysis of a aliquots of
the reaction mixture. The solution was poured on an ice-water
mixture and the resulting emulsion was extracted with ethyl
acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate
and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude solid was
dissolved in tetrahydrofurane and treated with 30% (w/w) aqueous
sodium hydroxide and stirred at 20.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The
hydrolysis of the acetamide (side product of the reaction) to the
acetamide was followed by LC-MS analysis of aliquots of the
reaction mixture. The emulsion was extracted with ethyl acetate and
the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate. After evaporation
of the solvent, the crude product was purified by chromatography
through silica gel using an eluent gradient (100% heptane to 40%
ethyl acetate-60% heptane. After evaporation of the solvent the
desired product was obtained. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3,
.delta. in ppm): 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.54 (t,
J=68 Hz, 1H), 2.25 (s, 3H).
Step 2:
N-[3-[acetyl-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-
-(trifluoromethyl) to
ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-methoxy-phenyl]-N-methyl-pyridine-4-carboxamide
##STR00039##
[0419] To a solution of
N-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)
ethyl]phenyl]acetamide (0.76 g) in 1,2-dichloroethane (5.1 ml), at
0.degree. C., was added triethylamine (0.60 g), followed by 0.52 g
of 2-methoxy-3-[methyl(pyridine-4-carbonyl)amino]benzoyl chloride
(prepared from
2-methoxy-3-[methyl(pyridine-4-carbonyl)amino]benzoic acid, oxalyl
chloride and a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide in
1,2-dichloroethane). The reaction was complete after stirring of
the suspension for 15 hours at 20.degree. C. (LC-MS analysis). The
reaction mixture was then evaporated, the residue dissolved in
ethyl acetate and this solution washed with an aqueous solution of
sodium hydrogencarbonate. The organic phase was dried over sodium
sulfate, evaporated and the residue was chromatographed on silica
gel using a gradient from 1% methyl alcohol in dichloromethane to
10% methyl alcohol in dichloromethane. The desired compound was
isolated as a solid showing a melting point of 78-81.degree. C.
Step 3:
N-[3-[[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifl-
uoromethyl)
ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-methoxy-phenyl]-N-methyl-pyridine-4-carboxamide
(Entry 182 of the Table B)
##STR00040##
[0421] To a solution of
N-[3-[acetyl-[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifl-
uoromethyl)
ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-methoxy-phenyl]-N-methyl-pyridine-4-carboxamide
(0.278 g) in tetrahydrofurane (1.7 g) was added aqueous sodium
hydroxide (1 M, 1.55 ml) and the resulting emulsion was stirred for
1.5 hour at 20.degree. C. The conversion was followed by LC-MS
analysis. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and
ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and
evaporated to yield the desired compound as a solid melting at
73-77.degree. C. It was used without further purification in the
next step.
Step 4:
N-[3-[[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifl-
uoromethyl)
ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-methoxy-phenyl]-N-methyl-1-oxido-pyridin-1-ium--
4-carboxamide (Entry 183 of the Table B)
##STR00041##
[0423] A solution of
N-[3-[[2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromet-
hyl)
ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-methoxy-phenyl]-N-methyl-pyridine-4-carboxa-
mide (0.145 g) in dichloromethane (1.70 g) was treated with 0.052 g
of 75% meta-chloroperbenzoic acid. After 5 hours stirring at
20.degree. C., full conversion was observed by LC-MS and TLC
analyses. The reaction mixture was concentrated and submitted to
column chromatography over silica gel, using a gradient from 1%
methyl alcohol in dichloromethane to 7% methyl alcohol in
dichloromethane. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, .delta. in ppm):
9.72 (br.s, 1H), 8.08 (dd, 1H), 7.96 (br. ds, 2H), 7.76 (s, 1H),
7.56 (dd, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.40 (t, 1H), 7.20 (br. d, 2H), 6.60
(t, J=72 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H).
[0424] The compounds in tables B were prepared in the same or a
similar way as described above:
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE B RT [M + H] [M - H] Entry STRUCTURE (min)
(measured) (measured) Method MP .degree. C. 1 ##STR00042## 200-204
2 ##STR00043## 186-188 3 ##STR00044## 192-196 4 ##STR00045## 78-82
5 ##STR00046## 1.88 672.27 UPLC1 121-124 6 ##STR00047## 1.94 684.3
UPLC1 121-126 7 ##STR00048## 119-124 8 ##STR00049## 220-999 9
##STR00050## 1.97 712.31 UPLC1 85-90 10 ##STR00051## 2.12 700.03
UPLC2 86-89 11 ##STR00052## 103-106 12 ##STR00053## 112-116 13
##STR00054## 1.15 626, 628 SQD13 14 ##STR00055## 1.93 640.32 UPLC1
90-100 15 ##STR00056## 1.06 604, 606 ZCQ13 16 ##STR00057## 1.08
616, 618 ZCQ13 17 ##STR00058## 2.12 656.07 UPLC2 95-100 18
##STR00059## 105-110 19 ##STR00060## 183-184 20 ##STR00061## 95-100
21 ##STR00062## 1.98 679.96 UPLC1 22 ##STR00063## 1.95 692.25 UPLC1
23 ##STR00064## 2.02 661.28 UPLC1 24 ##STR00065## 2.10 699.24 UPLC1
25 ##STR00066## 1.99 726.22 UPLC1 26 ##STR00067## 2.11 731.26 UPLC1
27 ##STR00068## 2.10 733.27 UPLC1 28 ##STR00069## 2.08 715.27 UPLC1
29 ##STR00070## 2.06 731.27 UPLC1 30 ##STR00071## 2.09 677.28 UPLC1
31 ##STR00072## 1.95 647.27 UPLC1 32 ##STR00073## 1.97 665.26 UPLC1
33 ##STR00074## 2.10 677.28 UPLC1 34 ##STR00075## 1.99 715.28 UPLC1
35 ##STR00076## 2.05 673.32 UPLC1 36 ##STR00077## 2.01 699.23 UPLC1
37 ##STR00078## 2.04 693.27 UPLC1 38 ##STR00079## 2.01 683.26 UPLC1
39 ##STR00080## 1.99 704.3 UPLC1 40 ##STR00081## 2.03 683.26 UPLC1
41 ##STR00082## 2.08 673.31 UPLC1 42 ##STR00083## 2.11 733.27 UPLC1
43 ##STR00084## 2.06 691.31 UPLC1 44 ##STR00085## 2.19 711.26 UPLC1
45 ##STR00086## 1.99 621.29 UPLC1 46 ##STR00087## 1.98 617.32 UPLC1
47 ##STR00088## 2.04 738.27 UPLC1 48 ##STR00089## 1.94 637.27 UPLC1
49 ##STR00090## 1.92 648.31 UPLC1 50 ##STR00091## 2.15 743.31 UPLC1
51 ##STR00092## 1.99 617.31 UPLC1 52 ##STR00093## 2.14 745.29 UPLC1
53 ##STR00094## 1.98 635.32 UPLC1 54 ##STR00095## 2.13 727.29 UPLC1
55 ##STR00096## 2.07 655.27 UPLC1 56 ##STR00097## 2.13 743.29 UPLC1
57 ##STR00098## 1.96 682.29 UPLC1 58 ##STR00099## 2.13 689.31 UPLC1
59 ##STR00100## 2.00 659.29 UPLC1 60 ##STR00101## 2.08 687.32 UPLC1
61 ##STR00102## 2.01 677.29 UPLC1 62 ##STR00103## 2.07 689.31 UPLC1
63 ##STR00104## 2.04 727.3 UPLC1 64 ##STR00105## 2.05 671.31 UPLC1
65 ##STR00106## 2.04 687.31 UPLC1 66 ##STR00107## 2.07 711.26 UPLC1
67 ##STR00108## 2.07 633.32 UPLC1 68 ##STR00109## 1.92 603.3 UPLC1
69 ##STR00110## 2.10 695.28 UPLC1 70 ##STR00111## 1.94 621.3 UPLC1
71 ##STR00112## 2.12 695.29 UPLC1 72 ##STR00113## 1.97 671.31 UPLC1
73 ##STR00114## 2.20 745.3 UPLC1 74 ##STR00115## 1.98 655.27 UPLC1
75 ##STR00116## 2.09 633.32 UPLC1 76 ##STR00117## 1.98 639.29 UPLC1
77 ##STR00118## 2.04 629.34 UPLC1 78 ##STR00119## 2.00 639.29 UPLC1
79 ##STR00120## 2.04 649.29 UPLC1 80 ##STR00121## 2.09 689.31 UPLC1
81 ##STR00122## 1.98 660.32 UPLC1 82 ##STR00123## 2.07 629.34 UPLC1
83 ##STR00124## 1.99 665.27 UPLC1 84 ##STR00125## 2.05 647.34 UPLC1
85 ##STR00126## 2.19 667.29 UPLC1 86 ##STR00127## 2.03 694.3 UPLC1
87 ##STR00128## 2.13 699.33 UPLC1 88 ##STR00129## 2.13 701.34 UPLC1
89 ##STR00130## 2.12 683.33 UPLC1 90 ##STR00131## 2.12 699.34 UPLC1
91 ##STR00132## 2.12 645.35 UPLC1 92 ##STR00133## 1.99 615.32 UPLC1
93 ##STR00134## 2.01 633.32 UPLC1 94 ##STR00135## 2.03 683.34 UPLC1
95 ##STR00136## 2.06 667.29 UPLC1 96 ##STR00137## 2.09 651.33 UPLC1
97 ##STR00138## 2.11 651.33 UPLC1 98 ##STR00139## 2.19 701.33 UPLC1
99 ##STR00140## 78-81 100 ##STR00141## 85-88 101 ##STR00142##
186-188 102 ##STR00143## 73-77 103 ##STR00144## 2.16 720.02 UPLC2
104 ##STR00145## 2.05 726.97 UPLC2 105 ##STR00146## 2.29 743.04
UPLC2 106 ##STR00147## 2.07 759.01 UPLC2 107 ##STR00148## 1.95
705.04 UPLC2 108 ##STR00149## 1.98 711 UPLC2 109 ##STR00150## 1.98
711 UPLC2 110 ##STR00151## 2.07 761 UPLC2 111 ##STR00152## 1.95
649.02 UPLC2 112 ##STR00153## 2.00 665.01 UPLC2 113 ##STR00154##
2.17 676.07 UPLC2 114 ##STR00155## 2.23 645.06 UPLC2 115
##STR00156## 2.04 683.01 UPLC2 116 ##STR00157## 2.25 710.03 UPLC2
117 ##STR00158## 2.29 699.08 UPLC2 118 ##STR00159## 2.06 715.07
UPLC2 119 ##STR00160## 1.95 631.01 UPLC2 120 ##STR00161## 1.96
649.02 UPLC2 121 ##STR00162## 2.04 699.05 UPLC2 122 ##STR00163##
2.02 683 UPLC2
123 ##STR00164## 1.98 667.03 UPLC2 124 ##STR00165## 2.29 717.06
UPLC2 125 ##STR00166## 1.96 693.02 UPLC2 126 ##STR00167## 2.01
689.01 UPLC2 127 ##STR00168## 1.97 675.33 UPLC2 128 ##STR00169##
1.99 693.32 UPLC2 129 ##STR00170## 2.04 705.3 UPLC1 130
##STR00171## 2.09 701.33 UPLC1 131 ##STR00172## 2.09 721.27 UPLC1
132 ##STR00173## 2.11 UPLC1 133 ##STR00174## 2.09 719.32 UPLC1 134
##STR00175## 2.13 739.26 UPLC1 135 ##STR00176## 2.09 766.26 UPLC1
136 ##STR00177## 2.16 771.3 UPLC1 137 ##STR00178## 2.04 717.31
UPLC1 138 ##STR00179## 2.04 687.3 UPLC1 139 ##STR00180## 2.05
705.28 UPLC1 140 ##STR00181## 2.13 755.3 UPLC1 141 ##STR00182##
2.12 739.27 UPLC1 142 ##STR00183## 2.07 723.29 UPLC1 143
##STR00184## 2.07 723.28 UPLC1 144 ##STR00185## 2.15 773.29 UPLC1
145 ##STR00186## 2.04 661.33 UPLC1 146 ##STR00187## 2.08 657.35
UPLC1 147 ##STR00188## 2.09 677.01 UPLC1 148 ##STR00189## 2.26
688.34 UPLC1 149 ##STR00190## 2.09 657.35 UPLC1 150 ##STR00191##
2.09 675.36 UPLC1 151 ##STR00192## 2.12 695.32 UPLC1 152
##STR00193## 2.08 722.3 UPLC1 153 ##STR00194## 2.16 727.35 UPLC1
154 ##STR00195## 2.03 673.36 UPLC1 155 ##STR00196## 2.03 643.33
UPLC1 156 ##STR00197## 2.04 661.34 UPLC1 157 ##STR00198## 2.12
711.43 UPLC1 158 ##STR00199## 2.11 695.31 UPLC1 159 ##STR00200##
2.06 679.33 UPLC1 160 ##STR00201## 2.06 679.33 UPLC1 161
##STR00202## 2.14 729.35 UPLC1 162 ##STR00203## 2.02 732.29 UPLC1
163 ##STR00204## 2.16 773.29 UPLC1 164 ##STR00205## 1.15 661 UPLC2
short 165 ##STR00206## 1.14 679.06 UPLC2 short 166 ##STR00207##
1.10 709 UPLC2 short 167 ##STR00208## 1.10 689 UPLC2 short 168
##STR00209## 1.11 707 UPLC2 Short 169 ##STR00210## 1.24 754 UPLC2
Short 170 ##STR00211## 1.14 761 UPLC2 Short 171 ##STR00212## 1.12
743 UPLC2 Short 172 ##STR00213## 1.12 727 UPLC2 Short 173
##STR00214## 1.09 645 UPLC2 Short 174 ##STR00215## 1.10 663 UPLC2
Short 175 ##STR00216## 1.14 717 UPLC2 Short 176 ##STR00217## 1.06
661 UPLC2 Short 177 ##STR00218## 1.08 667 UPLC2 Short 178
##STR00219## 1.30 755 UPLC2 Short 179 ##STR00220## 1.17 727 UPLC2
Short 180 ##STR00221## 1.17 729.05 UPLC2 Short 181 ##STR00222##
1.30 711.1 UPLC2 Short 182 ##STR00223## 73-77 183 ##STR00224## 1.00
690 ZCQ13 ##STR00225##
LC-MS Method: ZCQ13
[0425] ZQ Mass Spectrometer from Waters (Single quadrupole mass
spectrometer)
[0426] Instrument Parameter: [0427] Ionization method: Electrospray
[0428] Polarity: positive and negative ions [0429] Capillary: 3.00
kV [0430] Cone: 30 V [0431] Extractor: 2.00 V [0432] Source
Temperature: 150.degree. C., [0433] Desolvation Temperature: 350C
[0434] Cone Gas Flow: 50 L/Hr [0435] Desolvation Gas Flow: 400 L/Hr
[0436] Mass range: 100 to 900 Da
[0437] Acquity UPLC from Waters: [0438] Binary pump, heated column
compartment and diode-array detector. [0439] Solvent degasser,
binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector.
[0440] Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 .mu.m, 30.times.2.1 mm,
[0441] Temp: 60.degree. C. [0442] DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to
500 [0443] Solvent Gradient: [0444] A=H2O+5% MeOH+0.05% HCOOH
[0445] B=Acetonitrile+0.05% HCOOH
TABLE-US-00004 [0445] Time A % B % Flow (ml/min) 0.00 90 10 0.85
1.20 0 100.0 0.85 1.50 0 100.0 0.85
LC-MS Method: SQD13
[0446] SQD Mass Spectrometer from Waters (Single quadrupole mass
spectrometer)
[0447] Instrument Parameter: [0448] Ionization method: Electrospray
[0449] Polarity: positive and negative ions [0450] Capillary: 3.00
kV [0451] Cone: 30V [0452] Extractor: 2.00 V [0453] Source
Temperature: 150.degree. C., [0454] Desolvation Temperature:
350.degree. C. [0455] Cone Gas Flow: 50 L/Hr [0456] Desolvation Gas
Flow: 650 L/Hr [0457] Mass range: 100 to 900 Da
[0458] Acquity UPLC from Waters: [0459] Binary pump, heated column
compartment and diode-array detector. [0460] Solvent degasser,
binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector.
[0461] Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 .mu.m, 30.times.2.1 mm,
[0462] Temp: 60.degree. C. [0463] DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to
500 [0464] Solvent Gradient: [0465] A=H2O+5% MeOH+0.05% HCOOH
[0466] B=Acetonitrile+0.05% HCOOH
TABLE-US-00005 [0466] Time A % B % Flow (ml/min) 0.00 90 10 0.85
1.20 0 100.0 0.85 1.50 0 100.0 0.85
LC-MS Method: UPLC1
[0467] ACQUITY SQD Mass Spectrometer from Waters (Single quadrupole
mass spectrometer)
[0468] Ionisation method: Electrospray
[0469] Polarity: positive ions
[0470] Capillary (kV) 3.00, Cone (V) 20.00, Extractor (V) 3.00,
Source Temperature (.degree. C.) 150,
[0471] Desolvation Temperature (.degree. C.) 400, Cone Gas Flow
(L/Hr) 60, Desolvation Gas Flow (L/Hr) 700
[0472] Mass range: 100 to 800 Da
[0473] DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 400
[0474] Method Waters ACQUITY UPLC with the following HPLC gradient
conditions
[0475] (Solvent A: Water/Methanol 9:1, 0.1% formic acid and Solvent
B: Acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid)
TABLE-US-00006 Time (minutes) A (%) B (%) Flow rate (ml/min) 0 100
0 0.75 2.5 0 100 0.75 2.8 0 100 0.75 3.0 100 0 0.75
[0476] Type of column: Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3; Column length:
30 mm; Internal diameter of column: 2.1 mm; Particle Size: 1.8
micron; Temperature: 60.degree. C.
[0477] LC-MS Method: UPLC2
[0478] ZQ2000 Mass Spectrometer from Waters (Single quadrupole mass
spectrometer)
[0479] Ionisation method: Electrospray
[0480] Polarity: positive ions
[0481] Capillary (kV) 3.5, Cone (V) 60.00, Extractor (V) 3.00,
Source Temperature (.degree. C.) 150,
[0482] Desolvation Temperature (.degree. C.) 350, Cone Gas Flow
(L/Hr) 50, Desolvation Gas Flow (L/Hr) 800
[0483] Mass range: 140 to 800 Da
[0484] DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 400
[0485] Method Waters ACQUITY UPLC with the following HPLC gradient
conditions
[0486] (Solvent A: Water/Methanol 9:1, 0.1% formic acid and Solvent
B: Acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid)
TABLE-US-00007 Time (minutes) A (%) B (%) Flow rate (ml/min) 0 100
0 0.75 2.5 0 100 0.75 2.8 0 100 0.75 3.0 100 0 0.75
[0487] Type of column: Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3; Column length:
30 mm; Internal diameter of column: 2.1 mm; Particle Size: 1.8
micron; Temperature: 60.degree. C.
[0488] LC-MS Method: UPLC2 Short
[0489] ZQ2000 Mass Spectrometer from Waters (Single quadrupole mass
spectrometer)
[0490] Ionisation method: Electrospray
[0491] Polarity: positive ions
[0492] Capillary (kV) 3.5, Cone (V) 60.00, Extractor (V) 3.00,
Source Temperature (.degree. C.) 150,
[0493] Desolvation Temperature (.degree. C.) 350, Cone Gas Flow
(L/Hr) 50, Desolvation Gas Flow (L/Hr) 800
[0494] Mass range: 140 to 800 Da
[0495] DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 400
[0496] Method Waters ACQUITY UPLC with the following HPLC gradient
conditions
[0497] (Solvent A: Water/Methanol 9:1, 0.1% formic acid and Solvent
B: Acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid)
TABLE-US-00008 Time (minutes) A (%) B (%) Flow rate (ml/min) 0 80
20 1 0.1 75 25 1 0.2 70 30 0.75 1.2 0 100 0.75 1.4 0 100 0.75 1.45
80 20 0.75
[0498] Type of column: Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3; Column length:
30 mm; Internal diameter of column: 2.1 mm; Particle Size: 1.8
micron; Temperature: 60.degree. C.
Biological Examples
[0499] These Examples illustrate the insecticidal and acaricidal
properties of the compounds of formula (I). The tests were
performed as follows:
[0500] Diabrotica balteata (Corn root Worm):
[0501] A 24-well microtiter plate (MTP) with artificial diet was
treated with test solutions at an application rate of 200 ppm
(concentration in well 18 ppm) by pipetting. After drying, the
MTP's were infested with L2 larvae (6-10 per well). After an
incubation period of 5 days, samples were checked for larval
mortality.
[0502] The following compound gave at least 80% control of
Diabrotica balteata: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,
53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71,
74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93,
94, 95, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112,
113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126,
127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140,
141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154,
155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 183.
[0503] Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid):
[0504] Sunflower leaf discs were placed on agar in a 24-well
microtiter plate and sprayed with test solutions at an application
rate of 200 ppm. After drying, the leaf discs were infested with an
aphid population of mixed ages. After an incubation period of 6
DAT, samples were checked for mortality.
[0505] The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Myzus
persicae: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59,
60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84,
86, 89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 108,
109, 111, 112, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 131, 132, 135,
138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 147, 149, 155, 156, 158, 159,
162.
[0506] Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid):
[0507] Test compounds were applied by pipette into 24 well plates
and mixed with Sucrose solution. Application rate: 12.5 ppm. The
plates were closed with a stretched Parafilm. A plastic stencil
with 24 holes is placed onto the plate and infested pea seedlings
were placed directly on the Parafilm. The infested plate is closed
with a gel blotting paper and another plastic stencil and then
turned upside down. 5 days after infestation the samples were
checked on mortality.
[0508] The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Myzus
persicae: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 36, 38,
39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62,
64, 66, 68, 70, 74, 76, 78, 81, 83, 84, 86, 89, 93, 99, 100, 101,
102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117,
119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 135, 138, 139, 141, 152,
155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 162, 183.
[0509] Plutella xylostella (Diamond Back Moth):
[0510] 24-well microtiter plate (MTP) with artificial diet was
treated with test solutions at an application rate of 200 ppm
(concentration in well 18 ppm) by pipetting. After drying, the
MTP's were infested with L2 larvae (7-12 per well). After an
incubation period of 6 days, samples were checked for larval
mortality.
[0511] The following compound gave at least 80% control of Plutella
xylostella: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,
53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71,
72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108,
109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122,
123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 138,
139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152,
154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163.
[0512] Spodoptera littoralis (Egyptian Cotton Leafworm):
[0513] Cotton leaf discs were placed on agar in a 24-well
microtiter plate and sprayed with test solutions at an application
rate of 200 ppm. After drying, the leaf discs were infested with 5
L1 larvae. The samples were checked for mortality 3 days after
treatment (DAT).
[0514] The following compound gave at least 80% control of
Spodoptera littoralis: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32,
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66,
68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,
85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100,
101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115,
116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129,
130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144,
145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159,
160, 162.
[0515] Tetranychus urticae (Two-Spotted Spider Mite):
[0516] Bean leaf discs on agar in 24-well microtiter plates were
sprayed with test solutions at an application rate of 200 ppm.
After drying, the leaf discs are infested with mite populations of
mixed ages. 8 days later, discs are checked for egg mortality,
larval mortality, and adult mortality.
[0517] The following compounds gave at least 80% control of
Tetranychus urticae: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18,19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 35,
36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 60, 61,
62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89,
92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 108, 109, 112, 119,
120, 122, 127, 128, 129, 133, 135, 139, 141, 152, 154, 156, 158,
162.
[0518] Thrips tabaci (Onion Thrips):
[0519] Sunflower leaf discs were placed on agar in a 24-well
microtiter plate and sprayed with test solutions at an application
rate of 200 ppm. After drying, the leaf discs were infested with an
aphid population of mixed ages. After an incubation period of 7
days, samples were checked for mortality.
[0520] The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Thrips
tabaci: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,
37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 75, 76,
77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95,
97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114,
115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129,
131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145,
147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159,
160, 162, 163.
* * * * *
References