U.S. patent application number 16/775417 was filed with the patent office on 2020-07-30 for use of cationic sugar-based compounds for microbial fouling control in a water system.
The applicant listed for this patent is ECOLAB USA INC.. Invention is credited to Ashish Dhawan, Carter M. Silvernail, Kun Xiong.
Application Number | 20200239339 16/775417 |
Document ID | 20200239339 / US20200239339 |
Family ID | 1000004674128 |
Filed Date | 2020-07-30 |
Patent Application | download [pdf] |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200239339 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Dhawan; Ashish ; et
al. |
July 30, 2020 |
USE OF CATIONIC SUGAR-BASED COMPOUNDS FOR MICROBIAL FOULING CONTROL
IN A WATER SYSTEM
Abstract
Disclosed herein are the methods of using a cationic alkyl
polyglycoside in a fouling control composition to reduce microbial
and/biofilm growth in a water system. The disclosed methods or
compositions are found to be effective than those methods or
compositions including commonly used single quaternary compounds
for reducing microbial or biofilm growth in water systems.
Inventors: |
Dhawan; Ashish; (Saint Paul,
MN) ; Xiong; Kun; (Saint Paul, MN) ;
Silvernail; Carter M.; (Saint Paul, MN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ECOLAB USA INC. |
Saint Paul |
MN |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004674128 |
Appl. No.: |
16/775417 |
Filed: |
January 29, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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62798193 |
Jan 29, 2019 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C02F 1/68 20130101; C02F
2303/20 20130101; C07H 15/04 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C02F 1/68 20060101
C02F001/68; C07H 15/04 20060101 C07H015/04 |
Claims
1. A method of controlling microbial fouling in a water system
comprising: providing a fouling control composition into a water
system to generate a treated water system, wherein the fouling
control composition comprises a cationic alkyl polyglycoside; and
wherein the fouling control composition reduces bacterial growth or
biofilm growth in the water system.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglycoside is a cationic alkyl polyglucoside and comprises one
or more glucose units and at least one cationic alkyl group R--Y,
wherein R is an alkyl group and Y is a cationic group.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside is one of ##STR00020## wherein R is an alkyl group; R
is attached to at least one, more than one, or all the OH groups;
and at least one R group contains a cationic group Y.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside comprises two or more glucose units and the glucose
units are connected by glycosidic bond, a non-glycosidic bond, a
linker, or a combination thereof.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30
alkyl or C.sub.8-C.sub.24 alkyl, wherein Y is
--NR.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6(+), and R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are
independently CH.sub.3, Y is --NR.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6(+), R.sup.4
and R.sup.5 are independently CH.sub.3, and R.sup.6 is a
C.sub.2-C.sub.12 aromatic alkyl, Y is --NR.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6(+),
R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently CH.sub.3, and R.sup.6 is
--CH.sub.2--C.sub.6H.sub.6, or Y is --NR.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6(+) and
the counter ion for the cationic group Y is chloride, bromide,
fluoride, iodide, acetate, aluminate, cyanate, cyanide, dihydrogen
phosphate, dihydrogen phosphite, formate, hydrogen carbonate,
hydrogen oxalate, hydrogen sulfate, hydroxide, nitrate, nitrite,
thiocyanate, or a combination thereof.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside comprises one cationic alkyl group R--Y, two cationic
alkyl groups R--Y, or three or more cationic alkyl groups R--Y.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside further comprises one or more nonionic alkyl groups
R.sup.3, wherein R.sup.3 is: an unsubstituted, linear, and
saturated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene group; an unsubstituted,
linear, and unsaturated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene group; a linear
C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group; or a branched
C.sub.8-C.sub.20 alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside is a single compound, or wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside is a mixture of two or more different alkyl
polyglucosides, wherein the two or more different alkyl
polyglucosides differ from each other by molecular weight,
structure, net charge, or combination thereof.
9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside has an average molecular weight of from about 200 to
about 5,500 Da.
10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside is ##STR00021## wherein n is 0-10, R.sup.1 is a
C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl, and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30
alkyl.
11. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside is soluble or dispersible in water or the fouling
control composition.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fouling control
composition further comprises one or more fouling control
composition agents, and wherein the fouling control composition
comprises a carrier, wherein the carrier is water, an organic
solvent, or a mixture thereof.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the organic solvent
is an alcohol, a hydrocarbon, a ketone, an ether, an alkylene
glycol, a glycol ether, an amide, a nitrile, a sulfoxide, an ester,
or any combination thereof, or wherein the organic solvent is an
alcohol, an alkylene glycol, an alkyleneglycol alkyl ether, or a
combination thereof.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the organic solvent
is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol,
monoethyleneglycol, ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether, 2-ethylhexanol,
hexanol, octanol, decanol, 2-butoxyethanol, methylene glycol,
ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol,
diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl
ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl
ether, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, heptane,
decane, dodecane, diesel, toluene, xylene, heavy aromatic naphtha,
cyclohexanone, diisobutylketone, diethyl ether, propylene
carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide, a mixture
thereof with water, or any combination thereof.
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fouling control
composition further comprises one or more of corrosion inhibitors,
and wherein the corrosion inhibitor is an imidazoline compound, a
pyridinium compound, or a combination thereof.
16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fouling control
composition further comprises an additional fouling control agent,
wherein the additional fouling control agent a single quaternary
compound, and optionally wherein the fouling control composition
further comprises a biocide, wherein the biocide is chlorine,
hypochlorite, ClO.sub.2, bromine, ozone, hydrogen peroxide,
peracetic acid, peroxycarboxylic acid, peroxycarboxylic acid
composition, peroxysulphate, glutaraldehyde,
dibromonitrilopropionamide, isothiazolone, terbutylazine, polymeric
biguanide, methylene bisthiocyanate, tetrakis hydroxymethyl
phosphonium sulphate, and any combination thereof.
17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fouling control
composition further comprises a preservative and/or an acid and
wherein the fouling control composition comprises from about 1 wt-%
to about 20 wt-% of the acid, and wherein the acid is hydrochloric
acid, hydrofluoric acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, or
mixture thereof.
18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fouling control
composition further comprises a hydrogen sulfide scavenger, and
wherein the hydrogen sulfide scavenger is an oxidant, inorganic
peroxide, sodium peroxide, chlorine dioxide; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10
aldehyde, formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, acrolein, or
methacrolein, a triazine, monoethanolamine triazine,
monomethylamine triazine, or a mixture thereof.
19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fouling control
composition further comprises a surfactant, wherein the surfactant
is a nonionic, semi-nonionic, cationic, anionic, amphoteric,
zwitterionic, Gemini, di-cationic, di-anionic surfactant, or
mixtures thereof, or wherein the surfactant is an alkyl phenol,
fatty acid, or mixture thereof.
20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fouling control
composition further comprises an asphaltene inhibitor, a paraffin
inhibitor, a scale inhibitor, a gas hydrate inhibitor, a pH
modifier, an emulsion breaker, reverse emulsion breaker,
coagulant/flocculant agent, an emulsifier, a water clarifier, a
dispersant, antioxidant, polymer degradation prevention agent,
permeability modifier, foaming agent, antifoaming agent,
emulsifying agent, scavenger agent for CO.sub.2, and/or O.sub.2,
gelling agent, lubricant, friction reducing agent, salt, or mixture
thereof.
21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fouling control
composition is a liquid, gel, or a mixture comprising liquid/gel
and solid, and wherein the fouling control composition or a use
solution thereof has a pH of from about 2 to about 11.
22. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fouling control
composition comprises from about 20 wt-% to about 60 wt-% of the
cationic alkyl polyglycoside or mixture thereof, and/or wherein the
cationic alkyl polyglycoside or mixture thereof has a concentration
of from about 1 ppm to about 1000 ppm in the treated water
system.
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside or mixture thereof is provided to the water system
independently, simultaneously, or sequentially with one or more of
the fouling control composition agents, and wherein the water
system comprises fresh water, recycled water, salt water, surface
water, produced water, or mixture thereof, or wherein the water
system is a cooling water system, boiler water system, petroleum
wells, downhole formations, geothermal wells, mineral washing,
flotation and benefaction, papermaking, gas scrubbers, air washers,
continuous casting processes in the metallurgical industry, air
conditioning and refrigeration, water reclamation, water
purification, membrane filtration, food processing, clarifiers,
municipal sewage treatment, municipal water treatment, or potable
water system.
24. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water system is a
surface exposed to water moisture.
25. A fouling control composition comprising a cationic alkyl
polyglycoside and one or more fouling control composition agents,
wherein the composition mitigates biofilm growth in a water system.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119
to Provisional Application U.S. Ser. No. 62/798,193, filed on Jan.
29, 2019, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety
including without limitation, the specification, claims, and
abstract, as well as any figures, tables, or examples thereof.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of
microbial fouling or biofilm control in a water system, using one
or more cationic alkyl polyglycosides. In particular, the present
disclosure relates to using a fouling control composition
comprising one or more cationic alkyl polyglycosides for microbial
fouling control in a water system. The disclosed methods and
fouling control compositions disclosed herein are effective to
prevent bacteria and biofilm growth in a water system and more
environmentally friendly, since the cationic alkyl polyglycosides
can be derived from compounds in natural resources and degraded to
natural products.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] A water system, including an industrial water system, serves
many different purposes. Any water system, including its equipment
and water, is prone to microbial contamination and fouling. Fouling
or deposition of any organic or inorganic material can occur even
in an industrial water system that is treated with the best water
treatment programs currently available. If a water system is not
periodically cleaned, then they will become heavily fouled.
[0004] Fouling occur due to microbiological contamination and
subsequently microbial and/or biofilm growth. Sources of microbial
contamination in industrial water systems are numerous and may
include, but are not limited to, air-borne contamination, water
make-up, process leaks, and improperly cleaned equipment.
Microorganisms causing fouling can establish their microbial
communities on any wetable or semi-wetable surfaces of a water
system. Evaporative cooling water systems are particularly prone to
fouling.
[0005] Fouling has a negative impact on a water system,
particularly an industrial water system. For example, severe
mineral scale (inorganic material) would buildup on any water
contact surfaces and any scale provides an ideal environment for
microorganism and/or biofilm growth. If fouling or biofilm growth
is allowed to progress in a water system, the water system can
suffer from decreased operational efficiency, premature equipment
failure, and increased health-related risks associated with
microbial fouling and/or biofilm growth.
[0006] Exopolymeric substances secreted by microorganism aid
formation of biofilms as the microbial communities develop on
surfaces. These biofilms are complex ecosystems that establish a
means for concentrating nutrients and offer protection for
microbial growth, so the biofilms can accelerate scale formation,
corrosion, and other fouling processes. Not only do biofilms
contribute to efficiency reduction of the water system, but they
also provide an excellent environment for microbial proliferation
and for generating dangerous Legionella bacteria. It is therefore
important that biofilms and other fouling processes be reduced to
the greatest extent possible to minimize the health-related risk
associated with Legionella and other water-borne pathogens.
[0007] Various methods are developed to clean or to remove biofilms
and microorganisms associated with the biofilms. While cleaning and
removing biofilms are necessary, a better approach is to prevent or
reduce fouling or biofilm formation or growth, so the need to clear
or remove biofilms is reduced. Cleaning or removing biofilms
usually requires operation interruption and introduction of other
chemicals. One way to prevent or reduce fouling and/or biofilm
formation or growth is to treat a water system with a fouling
control agent or fouling control composition. For example,
corrosion inhibitors and/or fouling control agents are often added
into upstream oil and gas production fluids to protect carbon steel
pipelines and infrastructure from corrosion and biofilm growth.
[0008] Quaternary ammonium compounds have been used for many years
as corrosion inhibitors and fouling control agents. Quaternary
ammonium compounds belong to an important subcategory of
surfactants because they contain unique properties. A main
distinction between quaternary ammonium compounds from other
surfactants is their unique structure. Quaternary ammonium
compounds consist mainly of two moieties, a hydrophobic group,
e.g., long alkyl group, and a quaternary ammonium salt group. The
unique positive charge of the ammonium plays a key role, e.g.,
electrostatic interactions, between the surfactant and surface or
different components of biofilms. However, the quaternary ammonium
compounds used for such purpose are often bis quaternary species or
species quaternized with benzyl chloride that are known to be very
hazardous. In additional, governmental regulations exist to release
any water containing single quaternary compounds into
environment.
[0009] Therefore, there is a continuing need for different or
alternative quaternary ammonium compounds that are better and safer
fouling control agents.
[0010] Accordingly, it is an objective of the present disclosure to
develop novel fouling control agents having improved fouling
control properties.
[0011] It is a further objective of the disclosure to develop
methods and fouling control compositions to make the fouling
control in a water system more environment friendly.
[0012] These and other objects, advantages and features of the
present disclosure will become apparent from the following
specification taken in conjunction with the claims set forth
herein.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] Disclosed herein are the methods and compositions for
microbial fouling control in a water system. More particularly, the
disclosed methods and compositions for microbial fouling control
use one or more water soluble cationic alkyl polyglycoside
compounds.
[0014] The exemplary cationic alkyl polyglycoside compounds
disclosed herein show their effectiveness for preventing bacteria
or biofilm growth in water systems. In a related application, US
Patent Application No. ______, filed simultaneously herewith and
titled "USE OF CATIONIC SUGAR-BASED COMPOUNDS AS CORROSION
INHIBITORS IN A WATER SYSTEM", these cationic alkyl polyglycoside
compounds were also demonstrated to be effective for inhibiting
corrosion in water systems. Not only are these cationic alkyl
polyglycosides preferred because they are derived from natural
resources, e.g., polyglycosides and fatty alcohols, and degraded to
natural products and are environmentally friendly, but also more
effective because they function both as corrosion control agents
and microbial/biofilm growth control agents.
[0015] In one aspect, provided herein is a fouling control
composition, wherein the composition comprises the fouling control
composition comprises a cationic alkyl polyglycoside and one or
more additional fouling control composition agents, wherein the
fouling control composition reduces bacterial growth or biofilm
growth in the water system.
[0016] In another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of
controlling microbial fouling in a water system, wherein the method
comprises providing a fouling control composition into a water
system to generate a treated water system, wherein the fouling
control composition comprises a cationic alkyl polyglycoside and
wherein the fouling control composition reduces bacterial growth or
biofilm growth in the treated water system. In some embodiments,
the fouling control composition further comprises one or more
additional fouling control composition agents.
[0017] The forgoing summary is illustrative only and is not
intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative
aspects, embodiments and features described above, further aspects,
embodiments, and features of the present technology will become
apparent to those skilled in the art from the following drawings
and the detailed description, which shows and describes
illustrative embodiments of the present technology. Accordingly,
the figures and detailed description are also to be regarded as
illustrative in nature and not in any way limiting.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0018] In the following detailed description, reference may made to
the accompanying drawings, schemes, and structures which form a
part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify
similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The
illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description,
drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other
embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without
departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented
here.
[0019] Various embodiments are described hereinafter. It should be
noted that the specific embodiments are not intended as an
exhaustive description or as a limitation to the broader aspects
discussed herein. One aspect described in conjunction with a
particular embodiment is not necessarily limited to that embodiment
and can be practiced with any other embodiment(s).
[0020] Disclosed herein are methods and composition for fouling
control in a water system. More particularly, one or more alkyl
polyglucosides are used in fouling control compositions or methods
disclosed herein. These specific alkyl polyglucosides are derived
from polyglucoses.
[0021] The embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to any
specific compositions and methods which can vary and are understood
by skilled artisans. It is further to be understood that all
terminology used herein is for describing particular embodiments
only and is not intended to be limiting in any manner or scope. For
example, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the
singular forms "a," "an" and "the" can include plural referents
unless the content clearly indicates otherwise. Further, all units,
prefixes, and symbols may be denoted in its SI accepted form.
[0022] Numeric ranges recited within the specification are
inclusive of the numbers within the defined range. Throughout this
disclosure, various aspects of this disclosure are presented in a
range format. It should be understood that the description in range
format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be
construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the
disclosure. Accordingly, the description of a range should be
considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible
sub-ranges as well as individual numerical values within that range
(e.g. 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5).
[0023] So that the present disclosure may be more readily
understood, certain terms are first defined. Unless defined
otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the
same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the
art to which embodiments of the disclosure pertain. Many methods
and materials similar, modified, or equivalent to those described
herein can be used in the practice of the embodiments of the
present disclosure without undue experimentation, the preferred
materials and methods are described herein. In describing and
claiming the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following
terminology will be used in accordance with the definitions set out
below.
[0024] The term "about," as used herein, refers to variation in the
numerical quantity that can occur, for example, through typical
measuring and liquid handling procedures used for making
concentrates or use solutions in the real world; through error in
these procedures; through differences in the manufacture, source,
or purity of the ingredients used to make the compositions or carry
out the methods; and the like. The term "about" also encompasses
amounts that differ due to novel equilibrium conditions for a
composition resulting from a particular initial mixture. Whether or
not modified by the term "about", the claims include equivalents to
the quantities.
[0025] As used herein, "substituted" refers to an organic group as
defined below (e.g., an alkyl group) in which one or more bonds to
a hydrogen atom contained therein are replaced by a bond to
non-hydrogen or non-carbon atoms. Substituted groups also include
groups in which one or more bonds to carbon(s) or hydrogen(s) atom
replaced by one or more bonds, including double or triple bonds, to
a heteroatom. Thus, a substituted group is substituted with one or
more substituents, unless otherwise specified. A substituted group
can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 substituents.
[0026] Substituted ring groups include rings and ring systems in
which a bond to a hydrogen atom is replaced with a bond to a carbon
atom. Therefore, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, and
heteroaryl groups may also be substituted with substituted or
unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups are defined
herein.
[0027] As used herein, the term "alkyl" or "alkyl groups" refers to
saturated hydrocarbons having one or more carbon atoms, including
straight-chain alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl,
pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, etc.), cyclic alkyl
groups (or "cycloalkyl" or "alicyclic" or "carbocyclic" groups)
(e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl,
cyclooctyl, etc.), branched-chain alkyl groups (e.g., isopropyl,
tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, etc.), and alkyl-substituted alkyl
groups (e.g., alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl groups and
cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl groups).
[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the term "alkyl" includes both
"unsubstituted alkyls" and "substituted alkyls." As used herein,
the term "substituted alkyls" refers to alkyl groups having
substituents replacing one or more hydrogens on one or more carbons
of the hydrocarbon backbone. Such substituents may include, for
example, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogeno, hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy,
arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,
aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl,
alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato,
cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino,
diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including
alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido),
imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates,
alkylsulfinyl, sulfonates, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclic, alkylaryl, or aromatic
(including heteroaromatic) groups.
[0029] In some embodiments, substituted alkyls can include a
heterocyclic group. As used herein, the term "heterocyclic group"
includes closed ring structures analogous to carbocyclic groups in
which one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring is an element
other than carbon, for example, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
Heterocyclic groups may be saturated or unsaturated. Exemplary
heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, aziridine,
ethylene oxide (epoxides, oxiranes), thiirane (episulfides),
dioxirane, azetidine, oxetane, thietane, dioxetane, dithietane,
dithiete, azolidine, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, oxolane, dihydrofuran,
and furan.
[0030] Alkenyl groups or alkenes are straight chain, branched, or
cyclic alkyl groups having two to about 30 carbon atoms, and
further including at least one double bond. In some embodiments, an
alkenyl group has from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, or typically,
from 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Alkenyl groups may be substituted or
unsubstituted. For a double bond in an alkenyl group, the
configuration for the double bond can be a trans or cis
configuration. Alkenyl groups may be substituted similarly to alkyl
groups.
[0031] Alkynyl groups are straight chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl
groups having two to about 30 carbon atoms, and further including
at least one triple bond. In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has
from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, or typically, from 2 to 10 carbon
atoms. Alkynyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. Alkynyl
groups may be substituted similarly to alkyl or alkenyl groups.
[0032] As used herein, the terms "alkylene", "cycloalkylene",
"alkynylides", and "alkenylene", alone or as part of another
substituent, refer to a divalent radical derived from an alkyl,
cycloalkyl, or alkenyl group, respectively, as exemplified by
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--. For alkylene, cycloalkylene,
alkynylene, and alkenylene groups, no orientation of the linking
group is implied.
[0033] The term "ester" as used herein refers to
--R.sup.30COOR.sup.31 group. R.sup.30 is absent, a substituted or
unsubstituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene,
arylene, aralkylene, heterocyclylalkylene, or heterocyclylene group
as defined herein. R.sup.31 is a substituted or unsubstituted
alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl,
heterocyclylalkyl, or heterocyclyl group as defined herein.
[0034] The term "amine" (or "amino") as used herein refers to
--R.sup.32NR.sup.33R.sup.34 groups. R.sup.32 is absent, a
substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene,
alkynylene, arylene, aralkylene, heterocyclylalkylene, or
heterocyclylene group as defined herein. R.sup.33 and R.sup.34 are
independently hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,
cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, or
heterocyclyl group as defined herein.
[0035] The term "amine" as used herein also refers to an
independent compound. When an amine is a compound, it can be
represented by a formula of R.sup.32'NR.sup.33'R.sup.34' groups,
wherein R.sup.32', R.sup.33', and R.sup.34 are independently
hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, or heterocyclyl
group as defined herein.
[0036] The term "alcohol" as used herein refers to --R.sup.35OH
groups. R.sup.35 is absent, a substituted or unsubstituted
alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene,
aralkylene, heterocyclylalkylene, or heterocyclylene group as
defined herein.
[0037] The term "carboxylic acid" as used herein refers to
--R.sup.36COOH groups. R.sup.36 is absent, a substituted or
unsubstituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene,
arylene, aralkylene, heterocyclylalkylene, or heterocyclylene group
as defined herein.
[0038] The term "ether" as used herein refers to
--R.sup.37OR.sup.38 groups. R.sup.37 is absent, a substituted or
unsubstituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene,
arylene, aralkylene, heterocyclylalkylene, or heterocyclylene group
as defined herein. R.sup.38 is a substituted or unsubstituted
alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl,
heterocyclylalkyl, or heterocyclyl group as defined herein.
[0039] The term "solvent" as used herein refers to any inorganic or
organic solvent. Solvents are useful in the disclosed method or
composition as reaction solvents or carrier solvents. Suitable
solvents include, but are not limited to, oxygenated solvents such
as lower alkanols, lower alkyl ethers, glycols, aryl glycol ethers
and lower alkyl glycol ethers. Examples of other solvents include,
but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol
and butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,
triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycol
ethers, mixed ethylene-propylene glycol ethers, ethylene glycol
phenyl ether, and propylene glycol phenyl ether. Water is a solvent
too. The solvent used herein can be of a single solvent or a
mixture of many different solvents.
[0040] Glycol ethers include, but are not limited to, diethylene
glycol n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol n-propyl ether, diethylene
glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene
glycol t-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, dipropylene
glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene
glycol propyl ether, dipropylene glycol tert-butyl ether, ethylene
glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol
ethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl
ether acetate, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol
ethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol
n-propyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether and tripropylene
glycol n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene
glycol phenyl ether, and the like, or mixtures thereof.
Acids
[0041] Generally, acids, as used in this disclosure, include both
organic and inorganic acids. Organic acids include, but not limited
to, hydroxyacetic (glycolic) acid, formic acid, acetic acid,
propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, gluconic
acid, itaconic acid, trichloroacetic acid, urea hydrochloride, and
benzoic acid. Organic acids also include dicarboxylic acids such as
oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, maleic
acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, and terephthalic acid.
Combinations of these organic acids can also be used. Inorganic
acids include, but are not limited to, mineral acids, such as
phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, methylsulfamic acid,
hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric
acid. Inorganic acids can be used alone, in combination with other
inorganic acid(s), or in combination with one or more organic acid.
Acid generators can be used to form a suitable acid, including for
example generators such as potassium fluoride, sodium fluoride,
lithium fluoride, ammonium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride, sodium
silicofluoride, etc.
[0042] Examples of particularly suitable acids in this the methods
or compositions disclosed herein include inorganic and organic
acids. Exemplary inorganic acids include phosphoric, phosphonic,
sulfuric, sulfamic, methylsulfamic, hydrochloric, hydrobromic,
hydrofluoric, and nitric. Exemplary organic acids include
hydroxyacetic (glycolic), citric, lactic, formic, acetic,
propionic, butyric, valeric, caproic, gluconic, itaconic,
trichloroacetic, urea hydrochloride, and benzoic. Organic
dicarboxylic acids can also be used such as oxalic, maleic,
fumaric, adipic, and terephthalic acid.
Percarboxylic Acids and Peroxycarboxylic Acid Compositions
[0043] A peroxycarboxylic acid (i.e. peracid) or peroxycarboxylic
acid composition can be included in the articles, products, or
compositions disclosed herein. As used herein, the term "peracid"
may also be referred to as a "percarboxylic acid,"
"peroxycarboxylic acid" or "peroxyacid." Sulfoperoxycarboxylic
acids, sulfonated peracids and sulfonated peroxycarboxylic acids
are also included within the terms "peroxycarboxylic acid" and
"peracid" as used herein. As one of skill in the art appreciates, a
peracid refers to an acid having the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group
in carboxylic acid replaced by a hydroxy group. Oxidizing peracids
may also be referred to herein as peroxycarboxylic acids.
[0044] A peracid includes any compound of the formula
R--(COOH).sub.n in which R can be hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkyne,
acylic, alicyclic group, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclic group,
and n is 1, 2, or 3, and named by prefixing the parent acid with
peroxy. Preferably R includes hydrogen, alkyl, or alkenyl. The
terms "alkyl," "alkenyl," "alkyne," "acylic," "alicyclic group,"
"aryl," "heteroaryl," and "heterocyclic group" are as defined
herein.
[0045] A peroxycarboxylic acid composition, as used herein, refers
to any composition that comprises one or more peracids, their
corresponding acids, and hydrogen peroxide or other oxidizing
agents. A peroxycarboxylic acid composition can also include a
stabilizer, fluorescent active tracer or compound, or other
ingredients, as one skilled in the other would know.
[0046] As used herein, the terms "mixed" or "mixture" when used
relating to "percarboxylic acid composition," "percarboxylic
acids," "peroxycarboxylic acid composition" or "peroxycarboxylic
acids" refer to a composition or mixture including more than one
percarboxylic acid or peroxycarboxylic acid. Peracids such as
peroxyacetic acid and peroxyoctanoic acid may also be used. Any
combination of these acids may also be used.
[0047] In some embodiments, however, the articles, products, or
compositions disclosed herein are free of a peroxycarboxylic acid
or peroxycarboxylic acid composition.
Cationic Alkyl Polyglycosides
[0048] The fouling control composition disclosed herein comprises a
cationic alkyl polyglycoside. Alkyl polyglycosides are
characterized by one or more monosaccharide units and at least one
hydrophobic alkyl group to one of the hydroxyl groups of the
saccharide units. These molecules differ in the saccharide unit,
the degree of polymerization (DP) of the saccharide units, the
number of alkyl groups, the alkyl chain length, both linear and
mono-branched, etc.
[0049] When polyglycosides are derived from a glucose-based
polymer, they are known as alkyl polyglucosides (APG). Starch is a
polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose
units joined by glycosidic bonds and has a generic structure of
##STR00001##
An alkyl polyglucoside, as used herein in this disclosure, is a
molecule having one to ten glucose units backbone and at least one
alkyl group attached one of the OH groups and has a generic
structure of
##STR00002##
wherein R is an alkyl group and can be attached to any or all of
the OH group in the molecule. A cationic alkyl polyglucoside, as
used herein in this disclosure, is an alkyl polyglucoside having at
least one cationic group in its alkyl group(s).
[0050] Within an alkyl polyglucoside or cationic alkyl
polyglucoside, the glucose units can be joined together by
glycosidic bonds as in starch, by another kind of linkage, through
a linker, or a combination thereof. For example, a cationic alkyl
glucoside having 2 glucose units has a structure of
##STR00003##
or other linkage with or without a linker between two OH groups in
different glucose units. For a cationic alkyl glycoside with three
or more glucose units, the linkage between two adjacent glucose
units can be the same or different.
[0051] A class of alkyl polyglycosides has been widely used as
nonionic surfactants in a variety of cosmetic, household, and
industrial applications. Alkyl polyglycoside surfactants are
usually characterized by one or more saccharide units, which are
hydrophilic, in one end and a hydrophobic alkyl group in another
end. They are usually derived from polysaccharides from natural
resources and fatty alcohols in the presence of acid catalysts at
elevated temperatures. The raw materials are typically starch and
fat. The final products can be a complex mixture of compounds with
different sugar moieties comprising one or more hydrophilic alkyl
groups from the fatty alcohol.
[0052] As used in this disclosure, an alkyl polyglycoside or alkyl
polyglucoside can comprise one or more alkyl groups and the alkyl
groups can be different.
[0053] In some embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside can
have a generic structure of
##STR00004##
wherein R.sup.1 is H or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl group and at least
one of R.sup.1s in the molecule is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl group
containing a cationic group. In some other embodiments, the
cationic alkyl polyglucoside can have a generic structure of
##STR00005##
In yet some other embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside can
have a generic structure of
##STR00006##
wherein n is from about 1-9 and R.sup.1 is H or an C.sub.1-C.sub.30
alkyl group and at least one of R.sup.1 is an alkyl group.
[0054] A cationic alkyl polyglucoside, as referred in this
disclosure, is an alkyl polyglucoside that are described above and
have one or more cationic groups. In addition, in some embodiments,
a cationic alkyl polyglucoside has a generic structure of
##STR00007##
wherein n is 1-9; R.sup.1 is H or an C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl group;
R.sup.10 is a R.sup.10'--N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2R.sup.2;
R.sup.10'is a C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkyl; and R.sup.2 is a
--(CH.sub.2).sub.mCH.sub.3; and m is 0-21. In some other
embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside has one of the above
structures, wherein n is 1-9; R.sup.10 is H or an C.sub.1-C.sub.30
alkyl group; R.sup.1 is a
R.sup.10'--N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2R.sup.2; R.sup.10' is a
C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkyl; and R.sup.2 is a
--(CH.sub.2).sub.mCH.sub.3; and m is 0-21.
[0055] A cationic alkyl polyglucoside can be, but not limited to, a
quaternized polyglucoside, polyquaternized polyglucoside,
quaternized alkyl polyglucoside, polyquaternized alkyl
polyglucoside, and the like. In some embodiments, the cationic
alkyl polyglucoside comprises a single cationic alkyl group having
a quaternary ammonium.
[0056] In some other embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside
comprises two or more alkyl groups having a quaternary ammonium. In
some other embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside comprises
one alkyl group having a quaternary ammonium and one or more
nonionic alkyl groups. In yet some other embodiments, the cationic
alkyl polyglucoside comprises two or more alkyl groups having a
quaternary ammonium and one or more nonionic alkyl groups.
[0057] As an example, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside can have a
structure of
##STR00008##
wherein R.sup.1 is H or an C.sub.10-C.sub.18 alkyl group; R.sup.10
is a --CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2--N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2R.sup.2; and
R.sup.2 is C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl group. The cationic alkyl
polyglucoside can also be
##STR00009##
wherein R.sup.1 is H or an C.sub.10-C.sub.18 alkyl group; R.sup.10
is a --CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2--N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2R.sup.2; and
R.sup.2 is C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl group. The cationic alkyl
polyglucoside can also be
##STR00010##
wherein R.sup.1 is H or an C.sub.10-C.sub.18 alkyl group; R.sup.2
is C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl group, and n is 0-10. In some
embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside can also be
##STR00011##
wherein R.sup.1 is H or an C.sub.10-C.sub.18 alkyl group; R.sup.10
is a --(CH.sub.2).sub.4--N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2R.sup.2; and
R.sup.2 is C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl group.
[0058] Examples of commercially suitable cationic alkyl
polyglucosides useful in the fouling control compositions disclosed
herein can include, but is not limited to, Poly Suga.RTM. Quat
series of quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucosides, available
from Colonial Chemical, Inc., located in South Pittsburg, Tenn.
[0059] Further examples of a suitable quaternary functionalized
alkyl polyglucoside include, but are not limited to, the
antimicrobial and antifungal quaternary functionalized alkyl
polyglucosides described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,084,129 and 7,507,399
the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Examples of commercially suitable quaternary functionalized alkyl
polyglucosides useful in cleansing compositions of the present
disclosure can include, but is not limited to, Suga.RTM. Quat TM
1212 (primarily C.sub.12 quaternary functionalized alkyl
polyglucoside), Suga.RTM. Quat L 1210 (primarily C.sub.12
quaternary functionalized alkyl polyglucoside), and Suga.RTM. Quat
S 1218 (primarily C.sub.12 quaternary functionalized alkyl
polyglucoside) available from Colonial Chemical, Inc., located in
South Pittsburg, Tenn.
Other Fouling Control Composition Agent in a Fouling Control
Composition
[0060] In addition to the alkyl polyglycoside, a fouling control
composition in the present disclosure includes one or more
additional fouling control composition agents.
[0061] The additional fouling control composition agent in the
disclosed fouling control compositions can include, but is not
limited to, an acid, carrier, dispersant, biocide, corrosion
inhibitor, antioxidant, polymer degradation prevention agent,
permeability modifier, foaming agent, antifoaming agent, fracturing
proppant, scavenger for H.sub.2S, CO.sub.2, and/or O.sub.2, gelling
agent, lubricant, and friction reducing agent, salt, or mixtures
thereof.
[0062] The additional fouling control composition agent in the
disclosed fouling control compositions can also include, but not be
limited to, an organic sulfur compound, asphaltene inhibitor,
paraffin inhibitor, scale inhibitor, water clarifier, emulsion
breaker, reverse emulsion breaker, gas hydrate inhibitor, a pH
modifier, a surfactant, or a combination thereof.
[0063] Furthermore, the additional fouling control composition
agent can be a sequestrant, solubilizer, lubricant, buffer,
cleaning agent, rinse aid, preservative, binder, thickener or other
viscosity modifier, processing aid, carrier, water-conditioning
agent, or foam generator, threshold agent or system, aesthetic
enhancing agent (i.e., dye, odorant, perfume), or other additive
suitable for formulation with a reverse emulsion breaker, or
mixtures thereof.
[0064] The additional fouling control composition agent in a
fouling control composition disclosed herein will vary according to
the specific fouling control composition being manufactured and its
intend use as one skilled in the art will appreciate.
[0065] Alternatively, the fouling control composition does not
contain or is free of one or more of the additional fouling control
composition agents.
[0066] When one or more additional fouling control composition
agents are used for preventing microbial or biofilm growth, they
can be formulated together with the cationic alkyl glucosides as
described here in the same fouling control composition.
Alternatively, some or all the additional fouling control
composition agents can be formulated into one or more different
formulations and be supplied to the water system. In other words,
the additional fouling control composition agents can be provided
into a water system independently, simultaneously, or
sequentially.
Biocide and Carrier
[0067] In some embodiments, the fouling control compositions
disclosed herein further include a biocide. In some other
embodiments, the disclosed fouling control compositions herein
further include a carrier. In some other embodiments, the disclosed
fouling control compositions herein further include a biocide and
carrier. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods or fouling
control compositions herein may consist of one or more cationic
alkyl polyglucosides and carrier. In some embodiments, the fouling
control compositions disclosed herein consist of one or more
cationic alkyl polyglucosides, a carrier, and biocide.
[0068] Biocides suitable for use may be oxidizing or non-oxidizing
biocides. Oxidizing biocides include, but are not limited to,
bleach, chlorine, bromine, chlorine dioxide, and materials capable
of releasing chlorine and bromine. Non-oxidizing biocides include,
but are not limited to, glutaraldehyde, isothiazolin,
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3 diol,
1-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanedicarbonitrile,
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride,
dimethyl dialkyl ammonium chloride, didecyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride,
poly(oxyethylene(dimethyliminio)ethylene(dimethyliminio)ethylene
dichloride, methylene bisthiocyanate, 2-decylthioethanamine,
tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate, dithiocarbamate,
cyanodithioimidocarbonate, 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol,
2-(2-bromo-2-nitroethenyl)furan, beta-bromo-beta-nitrostyrene,
beta-nitrostyrene, beta-nitrovinyl furan, 2-bromo-2-bromomethyl
glutaronitrile, bis(trichloromethyl) sulfone,
S-(2-hydroxypropyl)thiomethanesulfonate,
tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-hydrazine-2-thione,
2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole,
2-bromo-4'-hydroxyacetophenone, 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene,
bis(tributyltin)oxide,
2-(tert-butylamino)-4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine,
dodecylguanidine acetate, dodecylguanidine hydrochloride, coco
alkyldimethylamine oxide, n-coco alkyltrimethylenediamine,
tetra-alkyl phosphonium chloride,
7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid,
4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one,
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
[0069] Suitable non-oxidizing biocides also include, for example,
aldehydes (i.e., formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and acrolein),
amine-type compounds (i.e., quaternary amine compounds and
cocodiamine), halogenated compounds (i.e.,
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-3-diol (Bronopol) and
2-2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)), sulfur compounds (i.e.,
isothiazolone, carbamates, and metronidazole), and quaternary
phosphonium salts (i.e., tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium
sulfate (THPS)).
[0070] Suitable oxidizing biocides include, for example, sodium
hypochlorite, trichloroisocyanuric acids, dichloroisocyanuric acid,
calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, chlorinated hydantoins,
stabilized sodium hypobromite, activated sodium bromide, brominated
hydantoins, chlorine dioxide, ozone, peroxycarboxylic acid,
peroxycarboxylic acid composition, and peroxides.
[0071] The composition can comprise from about 0.1 to about 10
wt-%, from about 0.5 to about 5 wt-%, or from about 0.5 to about 4
wt-% of a biocide, based on total weight of the composition.
[0072] A carrier in the disclosed fouling control composition can
be water, an organic solvent, or a combination of water and an
organic solvent. The organic solvent can be an alcohol, a
hydrocarbon, a ketone, an ether, an alkylene glycol, a glycol
ether, an amide, a nitrile, a sulfoxide, an ester, or a combination
thereof. Examples of suitable organic solvents include, but are not
limited to, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol,
2-ethylhexanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, 2-butoxyethanol,
methylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol,
1,3-propylene glycol, diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethylene
glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene
glycol dibutyl ether, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane,
methylcyclohexane, heptane, decane, dodecane, diesel, toluene,
xylene, heavy aromatic naphtha, cyclohexanone, diisobutylketone,
diethyl ether, propylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidinone,
N,N-dimethylformamide, or a combination thereof.
[0073] The fouling control composition can comprise from about 1
wt-% to about 80 wt-%, from about 1 wt-% to about 70 wt-%, from
about 1 wt-% to about 60 wt-%, from about 1 wt-% to about 50 wt-%,
from about 1 wt-% to about 40 wt-%, from about 1 wt-% to about 30
wt-%, from about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-%, from about 1 wt-% to
about 10 wt-%, from about 5 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, from about 5
wt-% to about 20 wt-%, from about 5 wt-% to about 30 wt-%, from
about 5 wt-% to about 40 wt-%, from about 5 wt-% to about 50 wt-%,
from about 10 wt-% to about 20 wt-%, from about 10 wt-% to about 30
wt-%, from about 10 wt-% to about 40 wt-%, from about 10 wt-% to
about 50 wt-%, about 10 wt-%, about 20 wt-%, about 30 wt-%, about
40-%, about 50 wt-%, about 60 wt-%, about 70 wt-%, about 90 wt-%,
or any value there between of the one or more carrier, based on
total weight of the composition.
Corrosion Inhibitor
[0074] In some embodiments, the fouling control compositions
disclosed herein further include a corrosion inhibitor. In some
other embodiments, the disclosed fouling control compositions
herein further include a corrosion inhibitor and carrier. In some
other embodiments, the disclosed fouling control compositions
herein further include a corrosion inhibitor, biocide, and carrier.
In some embodiments, the disclosed fouling control compositions
herein may consist of one or more cationic alkyl polyglucosides,
one or more corrosion inhibitors and carrier. In some embodiments,
the fouling control compositions disclosed herein consist of one or
more cationic alkyl polyglucosides, a carrier, corrosion inhibitor,
and a biocide.
[0075] The fouling control composition can comprise from about 0.1
wt-% to about 20 wt-%, from about 0.1 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, or
from 0.1 to about 5 wt-% of the one or more corrosion inhibitors,
based on total weight of the composition. A composition disclosed
herein can comprise from 0 to 10 percent by weight of the one or
more corrosion inhibitors, based on total weight of the
composition. The composition can comprise about 1.0 wt-%, about 1.5
wt-%, about 2.0 wt-%, about 2.5 wt-%, about 3.0 wt-%, about 3.5
wt-%, about 4.0 wt-%, about 4.5 wt-%, about 5.0 wt-%, about 5.5
wt-%, about 6.0 wt-%, about 6.5 wt-%, about 7.0 wt-%, about 7.5
wt-%, about 8.0 wt-%, about 8.5 wt-%, about 9.0 wt-%, about 9.5
wt-%, about 10.0 wt-%, about 10.5 wt-%, about 11.0 wt-%, about 11.5
wt-%, about 12.0 wt-%, about 12.5 wt-%, about 13.0 wt-%, about 13.5
wt-%, about 14.0 wt-%, about 14.5 wt-%, or about 15.0 wt-% of the
one or more corrosion inhibitors, based on total weight of the
composition. Each water system can have its own requirements for
using a corrosion inhibitor, and the weight percent of one or more
corrosion inhibitors in the composition can vary with the water
system in which it is used.
[0076] A corrosion inhibitor is needed to reduce corrosion of
metals in the water system. Corrosion inhibitors for multi-metal
protection are typically triazoles, such as, but not limited to,
benzotriazole, halogenated triazoles, and nitro-substituted
azoles.
[0077] The one or more corrosion inhibitors can be an imidazoline
compound, a quaternary ammonium compound, a pyridinium compound, or
a combination thereof.
[0078] The one or more corrosion inhibitors can be an imidazoline.
The imidazoline can be, for example, imidazoline derived from a
diamine, such as ethylene diamine (EDA), diethylene triamine
(DETA), triethylene tetraamine (TETA) etc. and a long chain fatty
acid such as tall oil fatty acid (TOFA). The imidazoline can be an
imidazoline of Formula (1A) or an imidazoline derivative.
Representative imidazoline derivatives include an imidazolinium
compound of Formula (2A) or a bis-quaternized compound of Formula
(3A).
[0079] The one or more corrosion inhibitors can include an
imidazoline of Formula (1A):
##STR00012##
[0080] wherein R.sup.10a is a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl or a
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxyalkyl group; R.sup.11a is hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 arylalkyl; and R.sup.12a and R.sup.13a are
independently hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group.
Preferably, the imidazoline includes an R.sup.10a which is the
alkyl mixture typical in tall oil fatty acid (TOFA), and R.sup.11a,
R.sup.12a and R.sup.13a are each hydrogen.
[0081] The one or more additional corrosion inhibitors can be an
imidazolinium compound of Formula (2A):
##STR00013##
wherein R.sup.10a is a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20
alkoxyalkyl group; R.sup.11a and R.sup.14a are independently
hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 arylalkyl; R.sup.12a and R.sup.13a are
independently hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group; and
X.sup.- is a halide (such as chloride, bromide, or iodide),
carbonate, sulfonate, phosphate, or the anion of an organic
carboxylic acid (such as acetate). Preferably, the imidazolinium
compound includes
1-benzyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-tall-oil-2-imidazolinium
chloride.
[0082] The one or more additional corrosion inhibitors can be a
bis-quaternized compound having the formula (3A):
##STR00014##
wherein R.sup.1a and R.sup.2a are each independently unsubstituted
branched, chain or ring alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to about 29
carbon atoms; partially or fully oxygenized, sulfurized, and/or
phosphorylized branched, chain, or ring alkyl or alkenyl having
from 1 to about 29 carbon atoms; or a combination thereof; R.sup.3a
and R.sup.4a are each independently unsubstituted branched, chain
or ring alkylene or alkenylene having from 1 to about 29 carbon
atoms; partially or fully oxygenized, sulfurized, and/or
phosphorylized branched, chain, or ring alkylene or alkenylene
having from 1 to about 29 carbon atoms; or a combination thereof;
L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each independently absent, H, --COOH,
--SO.sub.3H, --PO.sub.3H, --COOR.sup.5a, --CONH.sub.2,
--CONHR.sup.5a, or --CON(R.sup.5a).sub.2; R.sup.5a is each
independently a branched or unbranched alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl,
alkylheteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heteroaryl group having from 1 to
about 10 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1, and when n is 0, L.sub.2 is
absent or H; x is from 1 to about 10; and y is from 1 to about 5.
Preferably, R.sup.1a and R.sup.2a are each independently
C.sub.6-C.sub.22 alkyl, C.sub.8-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.12-C.sub.18
alkyl, C.sub.16-C.sub.18 alkyl, or a combination thereof; R.sup.3a
and R.sup.4a are C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alkylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkylene, or C.sub.2-C.sub.3 alkylene; n
is 0 or 1; x is 2; y is 1; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are
--C.sub.2H.sub.2--; L.sub.1 is --COOH, --SO.sub.3H, or --PO.sub.3H;
and L.sub.2 is absent, H, --COOH, --SO.sub.3H, or --PO.sub.3H. For
example, R.sup.1a and R.sup.2a can be derived from a mixture of
tall oil fatty acids and are predominantly a mixture of
C.sub.17H.sub.33 and C.sub.17H.sub.31 or can be C.sub.16-C.sub.18
alkyl; R.sup.3a and R.sup.4a can be C.sub.2-C.sub.3 alkylene such
as --C.sub.2H.sub.2--; n is 1 and L.sub.2 is --COOH or n is 0 and
L.sub.2 is absent or H; x is 2; y is 1; R.sup.3a and R.sup.4a are
--C.sub.2H.sub.2--; and L.sub.1 is --COOH.
[0083] It should be appreciated that the number of carbon atoms
specified for each group of formula (3A) refers to the main chain
of carbon atoms and does not include carbon atoms that may be
contributed by substituents.
[0084] The one or more corrosion inhibitors can be a
bis-quaternized imidazoline compound having the formula (3A)
wherein R.sup.1a and R.sup.2a are each independently
C.sub.6-C.sub.22 alkyl, C.sub.8-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.12-C.sub.18
alkyl, or C.sub.16-C.sub.18 alkyl or a combination thereof;
R.sup.4a is C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkylene,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkylene, or C.sub.2-C.sub.3 alkylene; x is 2; y is
1; n is 0; L.sub.1 is --COOH, --SO.sub.3H, or --PO.sub.3H; and
L.sub.2 is absent or H. Preferably, a bis-quaternized compound has
the formula (3A) wherein R.sup.1a and R.sup.2a are each
independently C.sub.16-C.sub.18 alkyl; R.sup.4a is
--C.sub.2H.sub.2--; x is 2; y is 1; n is 0; L.sub.1 is --COOH,
--SO.sub.3H, or --PO.sub.3H and L.sub.2 is absent or H.
[0085] The one or more corrosion inhibitors can be a quaternary
ammonium compound of Formula (4A):
##STR00015##
wherein R.sup.1a, R.sup.2a, and R.sup.3a are independently C.sub.1
to C.sub.20 alkyl, R.sup.4a is methyl or benzyl, and X.sup.- is a
halide or methosulfate.
[0086] Suitable alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl or aryl
amine quaternary salts include those alkylaryl, arylalkyl and aryl
amine quaternary salts of the formula
[N.sup.+R.sup.5aR.sup.6aR.sup.7aR.sup.8a][X.sup.-] wherein
R.sup.5a, R.sup.6a, R.sup.7a, and R.sup.8a contain one to 18 carbon
atoms, and X is Cl, Br or I. For the quaternary salts, R.sup.5a,
R.sup.6a, R.sup.7a, R.sup.8a can each be independently alkyl (i.e.,
C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl), hydroxyalkyl (i.e., C.sub.1-C.sub.18
hydroxyalkyl), and arylalkyl (i.e., benzyl). The mono or polycyclic
aromatic amine salt with an alkyl or alkylaryl halide include salts
of the formula [N.sup.+R.sup.5aR.sup.6aR.sup.7aR.sup.8a][X.sup.-]
wherein R.sup.5a, R.sup.6a, R.sup.7a, and R.sup.8a contain one to
18 carbon atoms and at least one aryl group, and X is Cl, Br or
I.
[0087] Suitable quaternary ammonium salts include, but are not
limited to, a tetramethyl ammonium salt, a tetraethyl ammonium
salt, a tetrapropyl ammonium salt, a tetrabutyl ammonium salt, a
tetrahexyl ammonium salt, a tetraoctyl ammonium salt, a
benzyltrimethyl ammonium salt, a benzyltriethyl ammonium salt, a
phenyltrimethyl ammonium salt, a phenyltriethyl ammonium salt, a
cetyl benzyldimethyl ammonium salt, a hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium
salt, a dimethyl alkyl benzyl quaternary ammonium salt, a
monomethyl dialkyl benzyl quaternary ammonium salt, or a trialkyl
benzyl quaternary ammonium salt, wherein the alkyl group has about
6 to about 24 carbon atoms, about 10 and about 18 carbon atoms, or
about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms. The quaternary ammonium salt can
be a benzyl trialkyl quaternary ammonium salt, a benzyl
triethanolamine quaternary ammonium salt, or a benzyl
dimethylaminoethanolamine quaternary ammonium salt.
[0088] The one or more corrosion inhibitors can be a pyridinium
salt such as those represented by Formula (5A):
##STR00016##
wherein R.sup.9a is an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an arylalkyl
group, wherein said alkyl groups have from 1 to about 18 carbon
atoms and X.sup.- is a halide such as chloride, bromide, or iodide.
Among these compounds are alkyl pyridinium salts and alkyl
pyridinium benzyl quats. Exemplary compounds include methyl
pyridinium chloride, ethyl pyridinium chloride, propyl pyridinium
chloride, butyl pyridinium chloride, octyl pyridinium chloride,
decyl pyridinium chloride, lauryl pyridinium chloride, cetyl
pyridinium chloride, benzyl pyridinium chloride and an alkyl benzyl
pyridinium chloride, preferably wherein the alkyl is a
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbyl group. Preferably, the pyridinium
compound includes benzyl pyridinium chloride.
[0089] The one or more additional corrosion inhibitors can be a
phosphate ester, monomeric or oligomeric fatty acid, alkoxylated
amine, or mixture thereof.
[0090] The one or more corrosion inhibitors can be a phosphate
ester. Suitable mono-, di- and tri-alkyl as well as alkylaryl
phosphate esters and phosphate esters of mono, di, and
triethanolamine typically contain between from 1 to about 18 carbon
atoms. Preferred mono-, di-and trialkyl phosphate esters, alkylaryl
or arylalkyl phosphate esters are those prepared by reacting a
C.sub.3-C.sub.18 aliphatic alcohol with phosphorous pentoxide. The
phosphate intermediate interchanges its ester groups with
triethylphosphate producing a broader distribution of alkyl
phosphate esters.
[0091] Alternatively, the phosphate ester can be made by admixing
with an alkyl diester, a mixture of low molecular weight alkyl
alcohols or diols. The low molecular weight alkyl alcohols or diols
preferably include C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 alcohols or diols. Further,
phosphate esters of polyols and their salts containing one or more
2-hydroxyethyl groups, and hydroxylamine phosphate esters obtained
by reacting polyphosphoric acid or phosphorus pentoxide with
hydroxylamines such as diethanolamine or triethanolamine are
preferred.
[0092] The one or more corrosion inhibitors can be a monomeric or
oligomeric fatty acid. Preferred monomeric or oligomeric fatty
acids are C.sub.14-C.sub.22 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
as well as dimer, trimer and oligomer products obtained by
polymerizing one or more of such fatty acids.
[0093] The one or more corrosion inhibitors can be an alkoxylated
amine. The alkoxylated amine can be an ethoxylated alkyl amine. The
alkoxylated amine can be ethoxylated tallow amine.
Dispersant
[0094] In some embodiments, the fouling control compositions
disclosed herein can further comprise a dispersant. A dispersant
keeps particulate matter present in the water of a water system
dispersed, so that it does not agglomerate. The composition can
comprise from about 0.1 to 10 wt-%, from about 0.5 to 5 wt-%, or
from about 0.5 to 4 wt-% of a dispersant, based on total weight of
the composition.
[0095] A dispersant may be an acrylic acid polymer, maleic acid
polymer, copolymer of acrylic acid with sulfonated monomers, alkyl
esters thereof, or combination thereof. These polymers may include
terpolymers of acrylic acid, acrylamide and sulfonated monomers.
These polymers may also include quad-polymers consisting of acrylic
acid and three other monomers.
[0096] Suitable dispersants include, but are not limited to,
aliphatic phosphonic acids with 2-50 carbons, such as hydroxyethyl
diphosphonic acid, and aminoalkyl phosphonic acids, i.e.
polyaminomethylene phosphonates with 2-10 N atoms i.e. each bearing
at least one methylene phosphonic acid group; examples of the
latter are ethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonate),
diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonate), and the triamine-
and tetramine-polymethylene phosphonates with 2-4 methylene groups
between each N atom, at least 2 of the numbers of methylene groups
in each phosphonate being different. Other suitable dispersion
agents include lignin, or derivatives of lignin such as
lignosulfonate and naphthalene sulfonic acid and derivatives.
[0097] The fouling control composition can further comprise an
organic sulfur compound, such as a mercaptoalkyl alcohol,
mercaptoacetic acid, thioglycolic acid, 3,3'-dithiodipropionic
acid, sodium thiosulfate, thiourea, L-cysteine, tert-butyl
mercaptan, sodium thiosulfate, ammonium thiosulfate, sodium
thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, sodium metabisulfite, or a
combination thereof. Preferably, the mercaptoalkyl alcohol
comprises 2-mercaptoethanol. Such compounds are used as synergists
in the composition. The organic sulfur compound can constitute from
about 0.5 wt-% to about 15 wt-% of the composition, based on total
weight of the composition, preferably from about 1 wt-% to about 10
wt-% and more preferably from about 1 wt-% to about 5 wt-%. The
organic sulfur compound can constitute about 1 wt-%, about 2 wt-%,
about 3 wt-%, about 4 wt-%, about 5 wt-%, about 6 wt-%, about 7
wt-%, about 8 wt-%, about 9 wt-%, about 10 wt-%, about 11 wt-%,
about 12 wt-%, about 13 wt-%, about 14 wt-%, or about 15 wt-% of
the composition.
[0098] The fouling control composition can further comprise a
de-emulsifier. Preferably, the demulsifier comprises an oxyalkylate
polymer, such as a polyalkylene glycol. The de-emulsifier can
constitute from about 0.1 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, from about 0.5
wt-% to about 5 wt. %, or from about 0.5 wt-% to about 4 wt-% of
the composition, based on total weight of the composition. The
de-emulsifier can constitute about 0.5 wt-%, about 1 wt-%, about
1.5 wt-%, about 2 wt-%, about 2.5 wt-%, about 3 wt-%, about 3.5
wt-%, about 4 wt-%, about 4.5 wt-%, or about 5 wt-% of the
composition.
[0099] The fouling control composition can further comprise an
asphaltene inhibitor. The composition can comprise from about 0.1
wt-% to about 10 wt-%, from about 0.1 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, or from
about 0.5 wt-% to about 4 wt-% of an asphaltene inhibitor, based on
total weight of the composition. Suitable asphaltene inhibitors
include, but are not limited to, aliphatic sulfonic acids; alkyl
aryl sulfonic acids; aryl sulfonates; lignosulfonates;
alkylphenol/aldehyde resins and similar sulfonated resins;
polyolefin esters; polyolefin imides; polyolefin esters with alkyl,
alkylenephenyl or alkylenepyridyl functional groups; polyolefin
amides; polyolefin amides with alkyl, alkylenephenyl or
alkylenepyridyl functional groups; polyolefin imides with alkyl,
alkylenephenyl or alkylenepyridyl functional groups; alkenyl/vinyl
pyrrolidone copolymers; graft polymers of polyolefins with maleic
anhydride or vinyl imidazole; hyperbranched polyester amides;
polyalkoxylated asphaltenes, amphoteric fatty acids, salts of alkyl
succinates, sorbitan monooleate, and polyisobutylene succinic
anhydride.
[0100] The fouling control composition can further comprise a
paraffin inhibitor. The composition can comprise from about 0.1
wt-% to about 10 wt-%, from about 0.1 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, or from
about 0.5 wt-% to about 4 wt-% of a paraffin inhibitor, based on
total weight of the composition. Suitable paraffin inhibitors
include, but are not limited to, paraffin crystal modifiers, and
dispersant/crystal modifier combinations. Suitable paraffin crystal
modifiers include, but are not limited to, alkyl acrylate
copolymers, alkyl acrylate vinylpyridine copolymers, ethylene vinyl
acetate copolymers, maleic anhydride ester copolymers, branched
polyethylenes, naphthalene, anthracene, microcrystalline wax and/or
asphaltenes. Suitable paraffin dispersants include, but are not
limited to, dodecyl benzene sulfonate, oxyalkylated alkylphenols,
and oxyalkylated alkylphenolic resins.
[0101] The fouling control composition can further comprise a scale
inhibitor. The composition can comprise from about 0.1 wt-% to
about 20 wt-%, from about 0.5 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, or from about
1 wt-% to about 5 wt-% of a scale inhibitor, based on total weight
of the composition. Suitable scale inhibitors include, but are not
limited to, phosphates, phosphate esters, phosphoric acids,
phosphonates, phosphonic acids, polyacrylamides, salts of
acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonate/acrylic acid copolymer
(AMPS/AA), phosphinated maleic copolymer (PHOS/MA), mono-, bis- and
oligomeric phosphinosuccinic acid (PSO) derivatives, polycarboxylic
acid, hydrophobically modified polycarboxylic acid, and salts of a
polymaleic acid/acrylic acid/acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonate
terpolymer (PMA/AA/AMPS).
[0102] The fouling control composition can further comprise an
emulsifier. The composition can comprise from about 0.1 wt-% to
about 10 wt-%, from about 0.5 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, or from about
0.5 wt-% to about 4 wt-% of an emulsifier, based on total weight of
the composition. Suitable emulsifiers include, but are not limited
to, salts of carboxylic acids, products of acylation reactions
between carboxylic acids or carboxylic anhydrides and amines, and
alkyl, acyl and amide derivatives of saccharides (alkyl-saccharide
emulsifiers).
[0103] The fouling control composition can further comprise a water
clarifier. The composition can comprise from about 0.1 wt-% to
about 10 wt-%, from about 0.5 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, or from about
0.5 wt-% to about 4 wt-% of a water clarifier, based on total
weight of the composition. Suitable water clarifiers include, but
are not limited to, inorganic metal salts such as alum, aluminum
chloride, and aluminum chlorohydrate, or organic polymers such as
acrylic acid-based polymers, acrylamide-based polymers, polymerized
amines, alkanolamines, thiocarbamates, and cationic polymers such
as diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC).
[0104] The fouling control composition can further comprise an
emulsion breaker. The composition can comprise from about 0.1 wt-%
to about 10 wt-%, from about 0.5 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, or from
about 0.5 wt-% to about 4 wt-% of an emulsion breaker, based on
total weight of the composition. Suitable emulsion breakers
include, but are not limited to, dodecylbenzylsulfonic acid
(DDBSA), the sodium salt of xylenesulfonic acid (NAXSA), epoxylated
and propoxylated compounds, and resins, such as phenolic and
epoxide resins.
[0105] The fouling control composition can further comprise a
hydrogen sulfide scavenger. The composition can comprise from about
1 wt-% to about 50 wt-%, from about 1 wt-% to about 40 wt-%, from
about 1 wt-% to about 30 wt-%, from about 0.1 wt-% to about 10
wt-%, from about 0.5 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, or from about 0.5 wt-%
to about 4 wt-% of a hydrogen sulfide scavenger, based on total
weight of the composition. Suitable additional hydrogen sulfide
scavengers include, but are not limited to, oxidants (i.e.,
inorganic peroxides such as sodium peroxide or chlorine dioxide);
aldehydes (i.e., of 1-10 carbons such as formaldehyde, glyoxal,
glutaraldehyde, acrolein, or methacrolein; triazines (i.e.,
monoethanolamine triazine, monomethylamine triazine, and triazines
from multiple amines or mixtures thereof); condensation products of
secondary or tertiary amines and aldehydes, and condensation
products of alkyl alcohols and aldehydes.
[0106] The fouling control composition can further comprise a gas
hydrate inhibitor. The composition can comprise from about 0.1 wt-%
to about 25 wt-%, from about 0.5 wt-% to about 20 wt-%, from about
1 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, from about 0.1 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, from
about 0.5 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, or from about 0.5 wt-% to about 4
wt-% of a gas hydrate inhibitor, based on total weight of the
composition. Suitable gas hydrate inhibitors include, but are not
limited to, thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THI), kinetic hydrate
inhibitors (KHI), and anti-agglomerates (AA). Suitable
thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors include, but are not limited to,
sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium
chloride, sodium bromide, formate brines (i.e. potassium formate),
polyols (such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose,
gluconate, monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene
glycol, mono-propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene
glycols, tetrapropylene glycol, monobutylene glycol, dibutylene
glycol, tributylene glycol, glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, and
sugar alcohols (i.e. sorbitol, mannitol)), methanol, propanol,
ethanol, glycol ethers (such as diethyleneglycol monomethylether,
ethyleneglycol monobutylether), and alkyl or cyclic esters of
alcohols (such as ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, methylethyl
benzoate).
[0107] The fouling control composition can further comprise a
kinetic hydrate inhibitor. The composition can comprise from about
0.1 wt-% to about 25 wt-%, from about 0.5 wt-% to about 20 wt-%,
from about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, from about 0.1 wt-% to about 10
wt-%, from about 0.5 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, or from about 0.5 wt-%
to about 4 wt-% of a kinetic hydrate inhibitor, based on total
weight of the composition. Suitable kinetic hydrate inhibitors and
anti-agglomerates include, but are not limited to, polymers and
copolymers, polysaccharides (such as hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC),
carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, starch derivatives, and
xanthan), lactams (such as polyvinylcaprolactam, polyvinyl lactam),
pyrrolidones (such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone of various molecular
weights), fatty acid salts, ethoxylated alcohols, propoxylated
alcohols, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters,
polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, alkyl glucosides, alkyl
polyglucosides, alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl ester
sulfonates, alkyl aromatic sulfonates, alkyl betaine, alkyl amido
betaines, hydrocarbon based dispersants (such as lignosulfonates,
iminodisuccinates, polyaspartates), amino acids, and proteins.
[0108] The fouling control composition can further comprise a pH
modifier. The composition can comprise from about 0.1 wt-% to about
20 wt-%, from about 0.5 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, or from about 0.5
wt-% to about 5 wt-% of a pH modifier, based on total weight of the
composition. Suitable pH modifiers include, but are not limited to,
alkali hydroxides, alkali carbonates, alkali bicarbonates, alkaline
earth metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkaline
earth metal bicarbonates and mixtures or combinations thereof.
Exemplary pH modifiers include sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium carbonate,
potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate,
magnesium oxide, and magnesium hydroxide.
[0109] The fouling control composition can further comprise a
surfactant. The composition can comprise from about 0.1 wt-% to
about 10 wt-%, from about 0.5 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, or from about
0.5 wt-% to about 4 wt-% of a surfactant, based on total weight of
the composition. A suitable surfactant can be a nonionic,
semi-nonionic, cationic, anionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, Gemini,
di-cationic, di-anionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof. Anionic
surfactants include alkyl aryl sulfonates, olefin sulfonates,
paraffin sulfonates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates,
alkyl carboxylates and alkyl ether carboxylates, and alkyl and
ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, and mono and dialkyl
sulfosuccinates and sulfosuccinamates. Nonionic surfactants include
alcohol alkoxylates, alkylphenol alkoxylates, block copolymers of
ethylene, propylene and butylene oxides, alkyl dimethyl amine
oxides, alkyl-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxides, alkyl amidopropyl
dimethyl amine oxides, alkylamidopropyl-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amine
oxides, alkyl polyglucosides, polyalkoxylated glycerides, sorbitan
esters and polyalkoxylated sorbitan esters, and alkoyl polyethylene
glycol esters and diesters. Also included are betaines and
sultanes, amphoteric surfactants such as alkyl amphoacetates and
amphodiacetates, alkyl amphopropionates and amphodipropionates, and
alkyliminodipropionate.
[0110] The fouling control composition can further comprise
additional fouling control composition agents that provide a
functional and/or beneficial property. For example, additional
fouling control composition agents can be a sequestrant,
solubilizer, lubricant, buffer, cleaning agent, rinse aid,
preservative, binder, thickener or other viscosity modifier,
processing aid, water-conditioning agent, foam inhibitor or foam
generator, threshold agent or system, aesthetic enhancing agent
(i.e., dye, odorant, perfume), or other agents suitable for
formulation with the fouling control composition, and mixtures
thereof. Additional agents or additives will vary according to the
specific fouling control composition being manufactured and its
intend use as one skilled in the art will appreciate.
[0111] Alternatively, the fouling control composition does not
contain or is free of any of the additional fouling control
composition agents.
[0112] Additionally, the fouling control composition can be
formulated into compositions comprising the following components as
shown in Table 1. These formulations include the ranges of the
components listed and can optionally include additional agents. The
values in the Table 1 below are weight percentages.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Exemplary Fouling Control Compositions
Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Cationic Alkyl 0.1-20 0.1-20
0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 10-20 10-20 10-20 10-20 10-20 0.1-20
Polyglucoside Surfactant 5-40 -- 5-50 -- 5-50 5-50 5-40 -- 5-50 --
-- 10-20 corrosion 0.1-20 0.1-20 -- -- -- -- 0.1-20 0.1-20 -- -- --
0.1-20 inhibitor Preservative 0.1-5 0.1-5 0.1-5 0.1-5 -- -- 0.1-5
0.1-5 0.1-5 -- -- 0.1-5 Scale inhibitor 1-10 1-10 1-10 1-10 1-10 --
1-10 1-10 1-10 1-10 -- 1-10 Water Clarifier -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- 0.1-25 Biocide 0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-5
0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-5 Water 0.00 0-40 1-10 0-60 0-15 0-25 0.00
0-40 1-10 0-65 0-75 Component 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Cationic Alkyl 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 10-20
10-20 10-20 10-20 10-20 10-20 Polyglucoside Surfactant -- 10-20 --
10-35 10-35 -- 10-15 -- -- 10-35 10-35 -- Corrosion 0.1-20 0.1-20
0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20 0.1-20
0.1-20 inhibitor Preservative 0.1-5 -- -- -- -- -- 0.1-5 -- -- --
-- -- Scale inhibitor 1-10 1-10 -- -- 1-10 -- 1-10 1-10 -- -- --
1-10 Water Clarifier 0.1-25 0.1-25 0.1-25 -- -- -- 0.1-25 0.1-25
0.1-25 -- 0.1-25 -- Biocide -- -- -- -- -- 0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-5
0.5-5 -- -- Water 0-20 0-5 0-35 0-25 0-15 0-55 0.00 0-20 0-30 0-20
0.00 0-50
Water System
[0113] In some embodiments, the water system in the disclosed
methods herein is an industrial water system. In other embodiments,
the water system can be, but is not limited to, a cooling water
system, including an open recirculating system, closed and
once-through cooling water system, boilers and boiler water system,
petroleum well system, downhole formation, geothermal well, and
other water system in oil and gas field applications, a mineral
washing system, flotation and benefaction system, paper mill
digester, washer, bleach plant, stock chest, white water system,
paper machine surface, black liquor evaporator in the pulp
industry, gas scrubber and air washer, continuous casting processes
in the metallurgical industry, air conditioning and refrigeration
system, industrial and petroleum process water, indirect contact
cooling and heating water, water reclamation system, water
purification system, membrane filtration water system, food
processing stream (meat, vegetable, sugar beets, sugar cane, grain,
poultry, fruit and soybean), waste treatment system, clarifier,
liquid-solid application, municipal sewage treatment, municipal
water system, potable water system, aquifer, water tank, sprinkler
system, or water heater.
[0114] In some embodiments, the water system is a cooling water
system, including open recirculating, closed and once-through
cooling water system, paper machine surface, food processing
stream, waste treatment system, or potable water system.
[0115] In some embodiments, the water system is any system
including a wetable surface. Examples of such water systems
include, but are not limited to, walls and floors of bath rooms,
surfaces of foods and vegetables, and processing fluid for food.
Such surfaces are typically in constant contact with water or water
moisture and subjected to biofilm growth.
Use of the Methods or Compositions Disclosed
[0116] In some embodiments, for the methods disclosed herein,
providing a fouling control composition into a water system means
that the fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides are added into a fluid comprising water or surfaces
of a water system. In other embodiments, providing a fouling
control composition into a water system means adding the fouling
control composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides to the surface
or water of the water system. In some other embodiments, providing
a fouling control composition into a water system means adding the
fouling control composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides to a
fluid or gas which contacts the surfaces of the water system. The
fouling control composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides may be
added continuously, or intermittently when more compounds or
compositions may be needed.
[0117] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition or
cationic alkyl polyglucosides may be added to the water of the
water system in an amount ranging from about 1 ppm to about 1000
ppm. In other embodiments, the amount of the fouling control
composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides in the water of the
water system may range from about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, from
about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, from
about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm,
from about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 40
ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 20 ppm to about
60 ppm, from about 20 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 20 ppm to
about 40 ppm, or from about 20 ppm to about 30 ppm. In some
embodiments, the fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides may be added to the water to an amount ranging from
about 100 ppm to about 1000 ppm, from about 125 ppm to about 1000
ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 1000 ppm, or from about 500 ppm to
about 1000 ppm in the treated water system.
[0118] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be used for fouling control in oil and gas
applications such as by treating a gas or liquid stream with an
effective amount of the compound or composition as described
herein. The compounds and compositions can be used in any industry
where it is desirable to prevent microbial or biofilm growth at a
surface.
[0119] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be used in a condensate/oil systems/gas system,
or any combination thereof. For example, the fouling control
composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be used in fouling
control on heat exchanger surfaces. The fouling control composition
or cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be applied to a gas or liquid
produced, or used in the production, transportation, storage,
and/or separation of crude oil or natural gas. The fouling control
composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be applied to a
gas stream used or produced in a coal-fired process, such as a
coal-fired power plant.
[0120] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be applied to a gas or liquid produced or used
in a waste-water process, a farm, a slaughter house, a land-fill, a
municipality waste-water plant, a coking coal process, or a biofuel
process.
[0121] A fluid to which the fouling control composition or cationic
alkyl polyglucosides can be introduced can be an aqueous medium.
The aqueous medium can comprise water, gas, and optionally liquid
hydrocarbon.
[0122] A fluid to which the fouling control composition or cationic
alkyl polyglucosides can be introduced can be a liquid hydrocarbon.
The liquid hydrocarbon can be any type of liquid hydrocarbon
including, but not limited to, crude oil, heavy oil, processed
residual oil, bituminous oil, coker oils, coker gas oils, fluid
catalytic cracker feeds, gas oil, naphtha, fluid catalytic cracking
slurry, diesel fuel, fuel oil, jet fuel, gasoline, and kerosene.
The fluid or gas can be a refined hydrocarbon product.
[0123] A fluid or gas treated with the fouling control composition
or cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be at any selected
temperature, such as ambient temperature or an elevated
temperature. The fluid (e.g., liquid hydrocarbon) or gas can be at
a temperature of from about 40.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C.
The fluid or gas can be at a temperature of from about 40.degree.
C. to about 250.degree. C. The fluid or gas can be at a temperature
of from about -50.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C., from about
0.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., from about 10.degree. C. to
about 100.degree. C., or from about 20.degree. C. to about
90.degree. C. The fluid or gas can be at a temperature of about
22.degree. C., about 23.degree. C., about 24.degree. C., about
25.degree. C., about 26.degree. C., about 27.degree. C., about
28.degree. C., about 29.degree. C., about 30.degree. C., about
31.degree. C., about 32.degree. C., about 33.degree. C., about
34.degree. C., about 35.degree. C., about 36.degree. C., about
37.degree. C., about 38.degree. C., about 39.degree. C., or about
40.degree. C. The fluid or gas can be at a temperature of about
85.degree. C., about 86.degree. C., about 87.degree. C., about
88.degree. C., about 89.degree. C., about 90.degree. C., about
91.degree. C., about 92.degree. C., about 93.degree. C., about
94.degree. C., about 95.degree. C., about 96.degree. C., about
97.degree. C., about 98.degree. C., about 99.degree. C., or about
100.degree. C.
[0124] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be added to a fluid at various levels of water
cut. For example, the water cut can be from 0% to 100%
volume/volume (v/v), from 1% to 80% v/v, or from 1% to 60% v/v. The
fluid can be an aqueous medium that contains various levels of
salinity. The fluid can have a salinity of 0% to 25%, about 1% to
24%, or about 10% to 25% weight/weight (w/w) total dissolved solids
(TDS).
[0125] The fluid or gas in which the fouling control composition or
cationic alkyl polyglucosides are introduced can be contained in
and/or exposed to many different types of apparatuses. For example,
the fluid or gas can be contained in an apparatus that transports
fluid or gas from one point to another, such as an oil and/or gas
pipeline. The apparatus can be part of an oil and/or gas refinery,
such as a pipeline, a separation vessel, a dehydration unit, or a
gas line. The fluid can be contained in and/or exposed to an
apparatus used in oil extraction and/or production, such as a
wellhead. The apparatus can be part of a coal-fired power plant.
The apparatus can be a scrubber (e.g., a wet flue gas desulfurizer,
a spray dry absorber, a dry sorbent injector, a spray tower, a
contact or bubble tower, or the like). The apparatus can be a cargo
vessel, a storage vessel, a holding tank, or a pipeline connecting
the tanks, vessels, or processing units.
[0126] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be introduced into a fluid or gas of the water
system by any appropriate method for ensuring dispersal through the
fluid or gas. For examples, the fouling control composition or
cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be added to the hydrocarbon fluid
before the hydrocarbon fluid contacts the surface.
[0127] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be added at a point in a flow line upstream from
the point at which fouling control is desired. The fouling control
composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be injected using
mechanical equipment such as chemical injection pumps, piping tees,
injection fittings, atomizers, quills, and the like.
[0128] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be pumped into an oil and/or gas pipeline using
an umbilical line. A capillary injection system can be used to
deliver the fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides to a selected fluid.
[0129] A fluid to which the fouling control composition or cationic
alkyl polyglucosides can be introduced can be an aqueous medium.
The aqueous medium can comprise water, gas, and optionally liquid
hydrocarbon. A fluid to the fouling control composition or cationic
alkyl polyglucosides can be introduced can be a liquid
hydrocarbon.
[0130] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be introduced into a liquid and a mixture of
several liquids, a liquid and gas, liquid, solid, and gas. The
fouling control composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be
injected into a gas stream as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution,
mixture, or slurry.
[0131] The fluid or gas can be passed through an absorption tower
comprising the fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides.
[0132] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be applied to a fluid or gas to provide any
selected concentration. In practice, the fouling control
composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides are typically added to
a flow line to provide an effective treating dose of the fouling
control composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides from about
0.01 to about 5,000 ppm. The fouling control composition or
cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be applied to a fluid or gas to
provide an active concentration of about 1 parts per million (ppm)
to about 1,000,000 ppm, about 1 parts per million (ppm) to about
100,000 ppm, or from about 10 ppm to about 75,000 ppm. The cationic
alkyl polyglycoside/compositions can be applied to a fluid to
provide an actives concentration of from about 100 ppm to about
10,000 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 8,000 ppm, or from about
500 ppm to about 6,000 ppm. The actives concentration means the
concentration of fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides.
[0133] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be applied to a fluid or gas to provide an
active concentration of about 0.1 ppm, about 0.5 ppm, about 1 ppm,
about 2 ppm, about 5 ppm, about 10 ppm, about 20 ppm, about 100
ppm, about 200 ppm, about 500 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm. The polymer
salts/compositions can be applied to a fluid or gas to provide an
actives concentration of about 0.125 ppm, about 0.25 ppm, about
0.625 ppm, about 1 ppm, about 1.25 ppm, about 2.5 ppm, about 5 ppm,
about 10 ppm, or about 20 ppm in the treated fluid, gas, or water
system. Each water system can have its own dose level requirements,
and the effective dose level of the fouling control composition or
cationic alkyl polyglucosides to sufficiently reduce the rate of
microbial or biofilm growth can vary with the water system in which
it is used.
[0134] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be applied continuously, in batch, or a
combination thereof. The fouling control composition or cationic
alkyl polyglucosides dosing can be continuous. The fouling control
composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides dosing can be
intermittent (e.g., batch treatment) or can be
continuous/maintained and/or intermittent.
[0135] Dosage rates for continuous treatments typically range from
about 10 to about 500 ppm, or from about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm.
Dosage rates for batch treatments typically range from about 10 ppm
to about 400,000 ppm, or from about 10 ppm to about 20,000 ppm. The
fouling control composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be
applied as a pill to a pipeline, providing a high dose (e.g.,
20,000 ppm) of the composition.
[0136] The flow rate of a flow line in which the fouling control
composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides is used can be between
about 0.1 feet per second and about 100 feet per second, or between
about 0.1 feet per second and about 50 feet per second. The fouling
control composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides can also be
formulated with water to facilitate addition to the flow line.
[0137] The surface can be a part of a wellbore or equipment used in
the production, transportation, storage, and/or separation of a
fluid such as crude oil or natural gas.
[0138] More specifically, the surface can be a part of equipment
used a coal-fired process, a waste-water process, a farm, a
slaughter house, a land-fill, a municipality waste-water plant, a
coking coal process, or a biofuel process. Preferably, the surface
can be a part of equipment used in the production of crude oil or
natural gas.
[0139] The equipment can comprise a pipeline, a storage vessel,
downhole injection tubing, a flow line, or an injection line.
[0140] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides are useful for corrosion inhibition of containers,
processing facilities, or equipment in the food service or food
processing industries. The fouling control composition or cationic
alkyl polyglucosides have particular value for use on food
packaging materials and equipment, and especially for cold or hot
aseptic packaging. Examples of process facilities in which the
fouling control composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be
employed include a milk line dairy, a continuous brewing system,
food processing lines such as pumpable food systems and beverage
lines, ware wash machines, low temperature ware wash machines,
dishware, bottle washers, bottle chillers, warmers, third sink
washers, processing equipment such as tanks, vats, lines, pumps and
hoses (e.g., dairy processing equipment for processing milk,
cheese, ice cream and other dairy products), and transportation
vehicles. The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be used to inhibit corrosion in tanks, lines,
pumps, and other equipment used for the manufacture and storage of
soft drink materials, and also used in the bottling or containers
for the beverages.
[0141] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can also be used on or in other industrial equipment
and in other industrial process streams such as heaters, cooling
towers, boilers, retort waters, rinse waters, aseptic packaging
wash waters, and the like. The fouling control composition or
cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be used to treat surfaces in
recreational waters such as in pools, spas, recreational flumes and
water slides, fountains, and the like.
[0142] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be used to treat surfaces contacted with
cleaners in surfaces found in janitorial and/or housekeeping
applications, food processing equipment and/or plant applications,
and in laundry applications. For example, washers, such as tunnel
washers for washing textiles, can be treated according to methods
disclosed herein.
[0143] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be used or applied in combination with low
temperature dish and/or ware wash sanitizing final rinse, toilet
bowl cleaners, and laundry bleaches. The fouling control
composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides can be used to treat
metal surfaces, such as ware, cleaned and/or sanitized with
corrosive sources.
[0144] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be dispensed in any suitable method generally
known by one skilled in the art. For example, a spray-type
dispenser can be used. A spray-type dispenser functions by
impinging a water spray upon an exposed surface of a composition to
dissolve a portion of the composition, and then immediately
directing the concentrate solution including the composition out of
the dispenser to a storage reservoir or directly to a point of
use.
[0145] The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl
polyglucosides can be dispensed by immersing either intermittently
or continuously in the water, fluid, or gas of the water system.
The fouling control composition or cationic alkyl polyglucosides
can then dissolve, for example, at a controlled or predetermined
rate. The rate can be effective to maintain a concentration of the
dissolved compounds or compositions that are effective for use
according to the methods disclosed herein.
[0146] The fouling control composition disclosed herein can
comprise from about 10 to about 90 wt-% of the carrier, biocide,
corrosion inhibitor, additional fouling control composition agent,
a combination thereof and from about 10 wt-% to about 90 wt-% of
one or more cationic alkyl polyglucosides; from about 20 wt-% to
about 80 wt-% of the carrier, biocide, corrosion inhibitor,
additional fouling control composition agent, a combination thereof
and from about 10 wt-% to about 80 wt-% of one or more cationic
alkyl polyglucosides, from about 30 wt-% to about 70 wt-% of the
carrier, biocide, corrosion inhibitor, additional fouling control
composition agent, or a combination thereof and from about 30 wt-%
to about 70 wt-% of one or more cationic alkyl polyglucosides, or
from about 40 wt-% to about 60 wt-% of the carrier, biocide,
corrosion inhibitor, additional fouling control composition agent,
or a combination thereof and from about 70 wt-% to about 84 wt. %
of one or more cationic alkyl polyglucosides.
[0147] In one aspect, disclosed herein is a fouling control
composition for a water system, wherein the fouling control
composition comprises a cationic alkyl polyglucoside and one or
more additional fouling control composition agents, wherein the
fouling control composition reduces bacterial growth or biofilm
growth in the water system.
[0148] In another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of
controlling microbial fouling in a water system, wherein the method
comprises providing a fouling control composition into a water
system to generate a treated water system, wherein the fouling
control composition comprises a cationic alkyl polyglucoside and
wherein the fouling control composition reduces bacterial growth or
biofilm growth in the water system.
[0149] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises one or more additional fouling control composition
agents.
[0150] In some embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglycoside is a
cationic alkyl polyglucoside.
[0151] In some embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside
comprises one or more glucose units and at least one cationic alkyl
group R--Y, wherein R is an alkyl group and Y is a cationic group.
In some other embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside is one
of
##STR00017##
wherein R is an alkyl group; R is attached to at least one, more
than one, or all of the OH groups; and at least one R group
contains a cationic group Y.
[0152] In some embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside
comprises two or more glucose units and the glucose units are
connected by glycosidic bond. In some other embodiments, the
cationic alkyl polyglucoside comprises two or more glucose units
and the glucose units are connected by a non-glycosidic bond. In
yet some other embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside
comprises two or more glucose units and the glucose units are
connected through a linker. In some other embodiments, the cationic
alkyl polyglucoside comprises three or more glucose units and the
glucose units are connected through a linker, glycosidic bond,
non-glycosidic bond, or combination thereof.
[0153] In some embodiments, R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl. In some
other embodiments, R is C.sub.8-C.sub.24 alkyl.
[0154] In some embodiments, the cationic group Y is
--NR.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6(+), and R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are
independently CH.sub.3. In some other embodiments, the cationic
group Y is --NR.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6(+), R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are
independently CH.sub.3, and R.sup.6 is a C.sub.2-C.sub.12 aromatic
alkyl. In yet some other embodiments, the cationic group Y is
--NR.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6(+), R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently
CH.sub.3, and R.sup.6 is --CH.sub.2--C.sub.6H.sub.6.
[0155] In some embodiments, the cationic group Y is
--NR.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6(+) and the counter ion for the cationic
group Y is chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, acetate, aluminate,
cyanate, cyanide, dihydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphite,
formate, hydrogen carbonate, hydrogen oxalate, hydrogen sulfate,
hydroxide, nitrate, nitrite, thiocyanate, or a combination
thereof.
[0156] In some embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside
comprises one cationic alkyl group R--Y. In some other embodiments,
wherein the cationic alkyl polyglucoside comprises two same or
different cationic alkyl groups R--Y. In yet some other
embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside comprises three or
more same or different cationic alkyl groups R--Y.
[0157] In some embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside
further comprises one or more nonionic same or different alkyl
groups R.sup.3. In some other embodiments, R.sup.3 is an
unsubstituted, linear, and saturated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene
group. In yet some other embodiments, R.sup.3 is an unsubstituted,
linear, and unsaturated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene group. In some
other embodiments, R.sup.3 is a linear C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl,
alkenyl, or alkynyl group. In some other embodiments, R.sup.3 is a
branched C.sub.8-C.sub.20 alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group.
[0158] In some embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside is a
single compound. In some other embodiments, the cationic alkyl
polyglucoside is a mixture of two or more different alkyl
polyglucosides, wherein the two or more different alkyl
polyglucosides differ from each other by molecular weight,
structure, net charge, or combination thereof.
[0159] In some embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside has an
average molecular weight of from about 200 to about 5,500 Da.
[0160] In some embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglucoside is
##STR00018##
wherein n is 0-10, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl, and R.sup.2
is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl. In some embodiments, n is 0. In some
other embodiments, n is 1. In yet some other embodiments, n is 2.
In some embodiments, n is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some
embodiments, the cationic alkyl polyglycoside is a mixture of the
polyglucosides as shown above with different n values.
[0161] In some embodiments, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkyl. In
some other embodiments, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl. In yet
some other embodiments, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkyl. In
some other embodiments, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl.
[0162] In some embodiments, R.sup.2 and R.sup.1 are
C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyls.
[0163] In some embodiments, the alkyl polyglucoside is soluble or
dispersible in water or the fouling control composition.
[0164] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition
comprises a carrier, wherein the carrier is water, an organic
solvent, or a mixture thereof.
[0165] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises an organic solvent. In some other embodiments, the
fouling control composition further comprises an organic solvent
and water.
[0166] In some embodiments, the organic solvent is an alcohol, a
hydrocarbon, a ketone, an ether, an alkylene glycol, a glycol
ether, an amide, a nitrile, a sulfoxide, an ester, or any
combination thereof. In some other embodiments, the organic solvent
is an alcohol, an alkylene glycol, an alkyleneglycol alkyl ether,
or a combination thereof. In yet some embodiments, the organic
solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol,
isobutanol, monoethyleneglycol, ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether, or
a combination thereof.
[0167] In some embodiments, the organic solvent is methanol,
ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, hexanol,
octanol, decanol, 2-butoxyethanol, methylene glycol, ethylene
glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol,
diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl
ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl
ether, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, heptane,
decane, dodecane, diesel, toluene, xylene, heavy aromatic naphtha,
cyclohexanone, diisobutylketone, diethyl ether, propylene
carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide, a mixture
thereof with water, or any combination thereof.
[0168] In some embodiments, wherein the fouling control composition
further comprises one or more of corrosion inhibitors. In some
embodiments, wherein the fouling control composition further
comprises one or more of corrosion inhibitors and a carrier. In
some embodiments, the corrosion inhibitor is an imidazoline
compound, a pyridinium compound, or a combination thereof.
[0169] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises an additional fouling control composition agent. In some
embodiments, the additional fouling control composition agent is a
single quaternary compound.
[0170] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises a biocide. In some embodiments, the fouling control
composition further comprises a biocide and carrier. In some other
embodiments, the fouling control composition further comprises a
biocide, corrosion inhibitor, and carrier.
[0171] In some other embodiments, the biocide is chlorine,
hypochlorite, ClO.sub.2, bromine, ozone, hydrogen peroxide,
peracetic acid, peroxycarboxylic acid, peroxycarboxylic acid
composition, peroxysulphate, glutaraldehyde,
dibromonitrilopropionamide, isothiazolone, terbutylazine, polymeric
biguanide, methylene bisthiocyanate, tetrakis hydroxymethyl
phosphonium sulphate, and any combination thereof.
[0172] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises an organic sulfur compound. In some other embodiments,
wherein the organic sulfur compound is a mercaptoalkyl alcohol,
mercaptoacetic acid, thioglycolic acid, 3,3'-dithiodipropionic
acid, sodium thiosulfate, thiourea, L-cysteine, tert-butyl
mercaptan, sodium thiosulfate, ammonium thiosulfate, sodium
thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, sodium metabisulfite, or a
combination thereof.
[0173] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises an acid. In some embodiments, the fouling control
composition further comprises an inorganic acid, mineral acid,
organic acid, or mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the fouling
control composition comprises from about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of
the acid.
[0174] In some embodiments, the acid is hydrochloric acid,
hydrofluoric acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, or
mixture thereof.
[0175] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises a hydrogen sulfide scavenger. In some other embodiments,
the hydrogen sulfide scavenger is an oxidant, inorganic peroxide,
sodium peroxide, chlorine dioxide; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 aldehyde,
formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, acrolein, or methacrolein, a
triazine, monoethanolamine triazine, monomethylamine triazine, or a
mixture thereof.
[0176] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises a surfactant. In some embodiments, the fouling control
composition further comprises a surfactant, biocide, and
carrier.
[0177] In some embodiments, the surfactant is a nonionic, cationic,
anionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, Gemini, di-cationic, di-anionic
surfactant, or mixtures thereof.
[0178] In some embodiments, the surfactant is an alkyl phenol,
fatty acid, or mixture thereof.
[0179] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises an asphaltene inhibitor, a paraffin inhibitor, a scale
inhibitor, a gas hydrate inhibitor, a pH modifier, or any
combination thereof.
[0180] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises an emulsion breaker, reverse emulsion breaker,
coagulant/flocculant agent, an emulsifier, a water clarifier, a
dispersant, antioxidant, polymer degradation prevention agent,
permeability modifier, foaming agent, antifoaming agent,
emulsifying agent, scavenger agent for CO.sub.2, and/or O.sub.2,
gelling agent, lubricant, friction reducing agent, salt, or mixture
thereof.
[0181] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises a surfactant. In some other embodiments, the fouling
control composition further comprises a foaming surfactant. In yet
some other embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises a defoaming surfactant or agent.
[0182] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition further
comprises a preservative. In some other embodiments, the fouling
control composition further comprises a non-oxidizing biocide,
surfactant, biocide, and preservative. In yet some other
embodiments, the fouling control composition further comprises a
non-oxidizing biocide, surfactant, biocide, preservative and water
clarifier. In some other embodiments, the fouling control
composition further comprises a surfactant, biocide, preservative,
and water clarifier.
[0183] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition is a
liquid, gel, or a mixture comprising liquid/gel and solid.
[0184] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition or a
use solution thereof has a pH of from about 2 to about 11.
[0185] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition
comprises from about 20 wt-% to about 60 wt-% of the alkyl
glucoside or a mixture thereof.
[0186] In some embodiments, the alkyl polyglucoside or mixture
thereof has a concentration of from about 1 ppm to about 1000 ppm
in the treated water system.
[0187] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition is
provided to the water system independently, simultaneously, or
sequentially with an additional functional ingredient.
[0188] In some embodiments, the water system comprises fresh water,
recycled water, salt water, surface water, produced water, or
mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the water system is a cooling
water system, boiler water system, petroleum wells, downhole
formations, geothermal wells, mineral washing, flotation and
benefaction, papermaking, gas scrubbers, air washers, continuous
casting processes in the metallurgical industry, air conditioning
and refrigeration, water reclamation, water purification, membrane
filtration, food processing, clarifiers, municipal sewage
treatment, municipal water treatment, or potable water system.
[0189] In some embodiments, the water system is a surface that can
be exposed to any water moisture.
[0190] In some embodiments, the fouling control composition or one
or more cationic alkyl polyglucosides disclosed herein can mitigate
microbial or biofilm growth in a water system as indicated by MBEC
(Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration) assay, American Society
for Testing and Materials (ASTM) MBEC -E2799-12 (2011) assay, or
the similar essay described in the Examples section of this
disclosure, when the water system has an alkyl polyglucoside, or
mixture thereof concentration of from about 1 ppm to about 1,000
ppm, from about 1 to about 900 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 800
ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about
600 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 1 ppm to
about 400 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 1 ppm
to about 250 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 1
ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about
1 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about
1 ppm to about 10 ppm, from about 0.5 ppm to about 2 ppm, about 950
ppm, about 850 ppm, about 750 ppm, about 650 ppm, about 550 ppm,
about 450 ppm, about 350, about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm, about 50
ppm, about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm, about 5 ppm, about 2 ppm, about 1
ppm, about 0.5 ppm or any value there between, after dosing the
water system with the cationic alkyl polyglucoside, or mixture
thereof, or the fouling control composition disclosed herein.
[0191] As used herein, the term "substantially free", "free" or
"free of" refers to compositions completely lacking the component
or having such a small amount of the component that the component
does not affect the performance of the composition. The component
may be present as an impurity or as a contaminant and shall be less
than 0.5 wt-%. In another embodiment, the amount of the component
is less than 0.1 wt-% and in yet another embodiment, the amount of
component is less than 0.01 wt-%.
[0192] The term "weight percent," "wt-%," "percent by weight," "%
by weight," and variations thereof, as used herein, refer to the
concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance
divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by
100. It is understood that, as used here, "percent," "%," and the
like are intended to be synonymous with "weight percent," "wt-%,"
etc.
[0193] The methods and compositions of the present disclosure may
comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the components and
ingredients of the disclosed compositions or methods as well as
other ingredients described herein. As used herein, "consisting
essentially of" means that the methods and compositions may include
additional steps, components or ingredients, but only if the
additional steps, components or ingredients do not materially alter
the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed methods and
compositions.
EXAMPLES
[0194] Embodiments of the present disclosure are further defined in
the following non-limiting Examples. These Examples, while
indicating certain embodiments of the disclosure, are given by way
of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples,
one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics
of this disclosure, and without departing from the spirit and scope
thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the
embodiments of the disclosure to adapt it to various usages and
conditions. Thus, various modifications of the embodiments of the
disclosure, in addition to those shown and described herein, will
be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing
description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within
the scope of the appended claims.
Example 1
Effect of Some Cationic Polymeric Alkyl Poly Glucoside Compounds
for Reducing Bacterial and Biofilm Growth
[0195] Some exemplary cationic polymeric alkyl polyglucoside (APG)
compounds were tested for their efficacy to reduce bacterial or
biofilm growth in the example. The structures of the compounds
tested in this example have a general structure as shown below. The
specific R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 groups for each tested compound are
listed in Table 2.
##STR00019##
[0196] Two different compositions containing single quaternary
compounds were also prepared for comparison purposes. Single Quat 1
sample comprises about 50% by weight bisoctyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride (CAS #5538-94-3) and about 5-10% by weight glycerin; and
Single Quat 2 sample comprises about 50% by weight didecyl-dimethyl
ammonium chloride (CAS #7173-51-5) and about 10-30% by weight
ethanol. Different concentrations of the exemplary one or more
cationic alkyl polyglucosides and single quaternary compounds were
tested ranging from about 0.8 ppm to about 1000 ppm.
[0197] The microbial and biofilm inhibition test protocols used in
this example is like the MBEC (Minimum Biofilm Eradication
Concentration) assay and American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) MBEC-E2799-12 (2011) assay, both of which are commonly used.
This test protocol can be used laboratory and field
applications.
[0198] The test protocol can be conducted in a 12-well or 96-well
tissue culture plate format. The 12-well plate format is mainly for
lab based and detailed screening/studies. The 96-well format is
developed mainly for compound screening and field applications.
[0199] The test protocol starts with the preparation of the water
samples to be tested by mixing the water from different water
systems or artificial water with known bacterial populations with
limited nutrient (16% of medium, 2% (w/w) casitone, 0.8% (w/w)
yeast extracts, 4% (v/v) glycerol, 4 ppm FeCl.sub.3) and the
solution of the treatment chemical. This step usually generates a
series of the treated water samples with different concentrations
for the treatment chemical(s) (from about 0.8 ppm to 1,000
ppm).
[0200] Next, 200 .mu.L of each treated water samples were
transferred to a 96 well plate or 12 well plate. Usually, six
replicates would be tested for each concentration of the treatment
chemical(s) and controls with no treatment chemical and no
bacterial were also placed in the plate(s). After the treated
samples were properly plated, the plate(s) are placed on a slow
rotary shaker in a humidity-controlled environment on at
32-35.degree. C. for 40-48 hours of incubation.
[0201] After the incubation, the bacterial growth in each well of
the plate was recorded either visually or by a microplate turbidity
reader at 650 nm to determine the minimum bacterial growth
inhibition concentration for a treatment chemical.
[0202] After this step, the bacterial cultures in the plate(s) were
carefully poured out and 250 ul of dyes (350 ppm
2-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride
(INT) or 2,000 ppm crystal violent (CV) for biofilm matrix stain)
was added to each well for activity stain in biofilms on well
walls. After 10-15 minutes, pour out the dye and gently wash the
wells with deionized water until no colored water is running of the
plate(s). After drying the plate(s), each well was inspected
visually for staining and results are recorded.
[0203] Alternatively, use 300 uL ethanol to extract CV dyes and
transfer 200 uL of ethanol to a new plate for microtiter plate
recording at 590 nm. These results led to the determination of the
minimum biofilm inhibition concentration of the treatment chemical
or composition.
[0204] The bacteria used in this example for microbial and/or
biofilm growth inhibition test protocols comprised a mixture of
aerobic populations from more than 30 cooling systems in North
America. The specific species were not specifically identified.
Those species were grown on R2A agar.
[0205] The test results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4 and
compared with the results obtained when two single quat
compositions or no chemical was used. In Tables 3 and Table 4, "-"
indicates no detectable growth at the end of test, "+" indicates
detectable growth, "+/-" partial growth, "++" more growth.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Cationic Polymeric Alkyl Poly Glucoside
Compounds Tested For Reducing Bacterial and Biofilm Growth R1 R2
MIC* MBEC** ID Structure or Name Group Group (ppm) (ppm) 1 Poly
Suga .RTM. Quat L-1210P C12 C12 250 250 2 Poly Suga .RTM. Quat
L-1010P C12 C10 125 250, 32 3 Poly Suga .RTM. Quat TM-8610P C1
C12-C18 1,000 1,000 4 Poly Suga .RTM. Quat S-1210P C18 C12 250 250
5 H130 (single quat 1) C10 C10 50 25 6 N90005 (single quat 2) C8 C8
500 1,000 MIC* minimum inhibition concentration of planktonic
bacterial growth MBEC** minimum biofilm elimination
concentration
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Effect of Some Exemplary Polymeric Alkyl
Poly Glucoside Compounds for Reducing Bacterial Growth Test
Concentration (ppm) ID 0.8 1.5 3 6 12 25 50 63 125 250 500 1000 1 +
+ + + + ++ ++ + + - - - 2 + + + + + + + +/- - - - - 3 + + + + + + +
+ + + +/- +/- 4 + + + + + + + + + - - - 5 + + ++ ++ + +/- - - - - -
- 6 + + + + + + ++ + + +/- - - Control (no + + + + + + + + + + + +
chemical)
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Effect of Some Exemplary Polymeric Alkyl
Poly Glucoside Compounds For Reducing Biofilm Growth Test
Concentration (ppm) ID 0.8 1.5 3 6 12 25 50 63 125 250 500 1000 1 +
+ + + +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- - - - 2 + + + + + - - +/- +/- - - - 3 + +
+ + ++ ++ + + + +/- +/- - 4 + + + + +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- - - - 5 + +
+/- +/- +/- - - +/- +/- - - - 6 + + + + + ++ ++ ++ +/- +/- +/- -
Control (no + + + + + + + + + + + + chemical)
[0206] The features disclosed in the foregoing description, or the
following claims, or the accompanying drawings, expressed in their
specific forms or in terms of a means for performing the disclosed
function, or a method or process for attaining the disclosed
result, as appropriate, may, separately, or in any combination of
such features, be utilized for realizing the invention in diverse
forms thereof.
[0207] The disclosures being thus described, it will be obvious
that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not
to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the
disclosures and all such modifications are intended to be included
within the scope of the following claims.
* * * * *