U.S. patent application number 16/246540 was filed with the patent office on 2020-07-16 for lighting device.
The applicant listed for this patent is InnoLux Corporation. Invention is credited to Hsiao-Lang Lin, Tsung-Han Tsai.
Application Number | 20200227484 16/246540 |
Document ID | 20200227484 / US20200227484 |
Family ID | 69143379 |
Filed Date | 2020-07-16 |
Patent Application | download [pdf] |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200227484 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Lin; Hsiao-Lang ; et
al. |
July 16, 2020 |
LIGHTING DEVICE
Abstract
A lighting device includes a substrate, a plurality of first
light converting units, and a light source. The light source emits
a light passing through the plurality of first light converting
units and the substrate to generate a first spectrum including a
main peak between 520 nanometers (nm) to 590 nm and a first sub
peak between 430 nm to 470 nm, and a first transmittance of the
substrate at a wavelength of the main peak is greater than a second
transmittance of the substrate at a wavelength of the first sub
peak.
Inventors: |
Lin; Hsiao-Lang; (Miao-Li
County, TW) ; Tsai; Tsung-Han; (Miao-Li County,
TW) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
InnoLux Corporation |
Miao-Li County |
|
TW |
|
|
Family ID: |
69143379 |
Appl. No.: |
16/246540 |
Filed: |
January 13, 2019 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01L 33/44 20130101;
G02F 2001/133357 20130101; G02F 1/133528 20130101; G02F 1/134309
20130101; H01L 33/502 20130101; H01L 25/167 20130101; H01L
2251/5369 20130101; H01L 51/0096 20130101; G02F 1/133617 20130101;
H01L 27/3246 20130101; H01L 27/3272 20130101; G02F 1/1368 20130101;
G02F 2001/133614 20130101; G02B 6/0003 20130101; G02F 1/133723
20130101; G02F 2202/36 20130101; G02F 2201/123 20130101; G02F
2203/30 20130101; H01L 33/507 20130101; G02F 2001/133548 20130101;
H01L 51/5284 20130101; H01L 27/322 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H01L 27/32 20060101
H01L027/32; G02F 1/1335 20060101 G02F001/1335; G02F 1/1337 20060101
G02F001/1337; G02F 1/1343 20060101 G02F001/1343; G02F 1/1368
20060101 G02F001/1368; H01L 33/50 20060101 H01L033/50; H01L 51/00
20060101 H01L051/00; H01L 51/52 20060101 H01L051/52; F21V 8/00
20060101 F21V008/00; H01L 25/16 20060101 H01L025/16; H01L 33/44
20060101 H01L033/44 |
Claims
1. A lighting device, comprising: a substrate; a plurality of first
light converting units; and a light source emitting a light passing
through the plurality of first light converting units and the
substrate to generate a first spectrum comprising a main peak
between 520 nanometers (nm) to 590 nm and a first sub peak between
430 nm to 470 nm; wherein a first transmittance of the substrate at
a wavelength of the main peak is greater than a second
transmittance of the substrate at a wavelength of the first sub
peak.
2. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein a ratio of the second
transmittance to the first transmittance is in a range from 72% to
98%.
3. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the first spectrum
further comprises a second sub peak between 470 nm to 510 nm, and
the first transmittance is greater than a third transmittance of
the substrate at a wavelength of the second sub peak.
4. The lighting device of claim 3, wherein a ratio of the third
transmittance to the first transmittance is in a range from 85% to
99%.
5. The lighting device of claim 3, wherein the third transmittance
is greater than the second transmittance.
6. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein a green x-coordinate
value in a CIE 1931 color gamut of the lighting device is in a
range from 0.17 to 0.29.
7. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein a green y-coordinate
value in a CIE 1931 color gamut of the lighting device is in a
range from 675 to 0.8.
8. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first
light converting units are disposed between the substrate and the
light source.
9. The lighting device of claim 8, wherein at least one of the
plurality of first light converting units comprises a light
converting structure and a filter layer.
10. The lighting device of claim 9, wherein the filter layer is
disposed between the light converting structure and the
substrate.
11. The lighting device of claim 1, further comprising an optical
layer, wherein the light source and the substrate are disposed at
different sides of the optical layer, and the plurality of first
light converting units are disposed in the optical layer.
12. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the
plurality of first light converting units comprises a plurality of
quantum dots, a fluorescent material, or a phosphorescent
material.
13. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises
a plurality of metal ions, a plurality of nanoparticles or a
yellowing polymer.
14. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the light source
comprises at least one light emitting structure, and the at least
one light emitting structure is continuously.
15. The lighting device of claim 14, further comprising a plurality
of walls, wherein the plurality of walls are disposed between the
at least one light emitting structure and the substrate.
16. A lighting device, comprising: a substrate; a plurality of
second light converting units; and a light source emitting a light
passing through the plurality of second light converting units and
the substrate to generate a second spectrum comprising a main peak
between 591 nanometers (nm) to 780 nm and a sub peak between 430 nm
to 470 nm; wherein a fourth transmittance of the substrate at a
wavelength of the main peak is greater than a fifth transmittance
of the substrate at a wavelength of the sub peak.
17. The lighting device of claim 16, wherein a ratio of the fifth
transmittance to the fourth transmittance is in a range from 72% to
98%.
18. The lighting device of claim 16, wherein a red x-coordinate
value in a CIE 1931 color gamut of the lighting device is in a
range from 0.68 to 0.71.
19. The lighting device of claim 16, wherein a red y-coordinate
value in a CIE 1931 color gamut of the lighting device is in a
range from 0.29 to 0.31.
20. A lighting device, comprising: a substrate; a plurality of
first light converting units; and a light source emitting a light
passing through the plurality of first light converting units and
the substrate to generate a first spectrum comprising a main peak
between 520 nanometers (nm) to 590 nm and a second sub peak between
470 nm to 510 nm; wherein a first transmittance of the substrate at
a wavelength of the main peak is greater than a third transmittance
of the substrate at a wavelength of the second sub peak.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
1. Field of the Disclosure
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a lighting device, and
more particularly to a lighting device including a light blocking
substrate.
2. Description of the Prior Art
[0002] In the conventional lighting devices, light converting
materials (such as quantum dots) are usually excited by an input
light, and the input light will be converted into another light
with different wavelength. However, the conversion efficiency of
light converting materials may not be 100%, thereby causing the
output light impure or degrading the quality. Therefore, the
present disclosure proposes a lighting device that can reduce the
above problems.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0003] In some embodiments, a lighting device includes a substrate,
a plurality of first light converting units, and a light source.
The light source emits a light passing through the plurality of
first light converting units and the substrate to generate a first
spectrum including a main peak between 520 nanometers (nm) to 590
nm and a first sub peak between 430 nm to 470 nm, and a first
transmittance of the substrate at a wavelength of the main peak is
greater than a second transmittance of the substrate at a
wavelength of the first sub peak.
[0004] In some embodiments, a lighting device includes a substrate,
a plurality of second light converting units, and a light source.
The light source emits a light passing through the plurality of
second light converting units and the substrate to generate a
second spectrum including a main peak between 591 nm to 780 nm and
a sub peak between 430 nm to 470 nm, and a fourth transmittance of
the substrate at a wavelength of the main peak is greater than a
fifth transmittance of the substrate at a wavelength of the sub
peak.
[0005] In some embodiments, a lighting device includes a substrate,
a plurality of first light converting units, and a light source.
The light source emits a light passing through the plurality of
first light converting units and the substrate to generate a first
spectrum including a main peak between 520 nanometers (nm) to 590
nm and a second sub peak between 470 nm to 510 nm, and a first
transmittance of the substrate at a wavelength of the main peak is
greater than a third transmittance of the substrate at a wavelength
of the second sub peak.
[0006] These and other objectives of the present disclosure will no
doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after
reading the following detailed description of the embodiment that
is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional
view of a lighting device according to a first embodiment of the
present disclosure.
[0008] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the transmittance
of a second substrate and a first spectrum of a first light emitted
by a first lighting unit according to the first embodiment.
[0009] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the transmittance
of the second substrate and a second spectrum of a second light
emitted by second lighting unit according to the first
embodiment.
[0010] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the transmittance
of a second substrate and a first spectrum of a first light emitted
by a first lighting unit according to a variant embodiment of the
first embodiment.
[0011] FIG. 5 is a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram.
[0012] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional
view of a lighting device according to a second embodiment.
[0013] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a measurement of
the transmittance of the second substrate.
[0014] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional
view of a lighting device according to a third embodiment.
[0015] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional
view of a lighting device according to a fourth embodiment.
[0016] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a
cross-sectional view of a lighting device according to a fifth
embodiment.
[0017] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a
cross-sectional view of a lighting device according to a sixth
embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The present disclosure may be understood by reference to the
following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the
drawings as described below. For purposes of illustrative clarity
understood, various drawings of this disclosure show a portion of
the electronic device, and certain elements in various drawings may
not be drawn to scale. In addition, the number and dimension of
each device shown in drawings are only illustrative and are not
intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0019] Certain terms are used throughout the description and
following claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled
in the art will understand, electronic equipment manufacturers may
refer to a component by different names. This document does not
intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but
not function. In the following description and in the claims, the
terms "include", "comprise" and "have" are used in an open-ended
fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not
limited to".
[0020] When an element or layer is referred to as being "on" or
"connected to" another element or layer, it can be directly on or
directly connected to the other element or layer, or intervening
elements or layers may be presented. In contrast, when an element
is referred to as being "directly on" or "directly connected to"
another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or
layers presented.
[0021] The terms "about", "substantially", "equal", or "same"
generally mean within 20% of a given value or range, or mean within
10%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0.5% of a given value or range.
[0022] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., maybe
used to describe diverse constituent elements, such constituent
elements are not limited by the terms. The terms are used only to
discriminate a constituent element from other constituent elements
in the specification. The claims may not use the same terms, but
instead may use the terms first, second, third, etc. with respect
to the order in which an element is claimed. Accordingly, in the
following description, a first constituent element may be a second
constituent element in a claim.
[0023] The technical features in different embodiments described in
the following can be replaced, recombined, or mixed with one
another to constitute another embodiment without departing from the
spirit of the present disclosure.
[0024] Referring to FIG. 1, it is a schematic diagram illustrating
a cross-sectional view of a lighting device according to a first
embodiment. The lighting device may include a display device, an
electronic device, a flexible device, a tile device, or other
suitable devices, but not limited thereto. For example (FIG. 1),
the lighting device 10 may include organic light emitting diodes
(OLED), quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLED, QDLED), but not
limited thereto. The lighting device 10 may include a first
substrate 100, a second substrate 102, and a light source LS. The
second substrate 102 may be disposed opposite to the first
substrate 100, and the light source LS may be disposed between the
first substrate 100 and the second substrate 102, but not limited
thereto. The light source LS may include at least one light
emitting structure LES, a plurality of first electrodes EL1, and a
second electrode EL2, but not limited thereto. For example (FIG.
1), the light source LS may include two light emitting structures
LES1 and LES2, and the light emitting structures LES1 or LES2 may
include organic light emitting material, quantum dot light emitting
material, other suitable materials or combinations thereof, but not
limited thereto. In some embodiments, the light emitting structures
LES1 and/or LES2 can emit blue light, UV light or other suitable
light, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the light
emitting structure LES1 and/or LES2 may be continuously, the light
emitting structures LES1 and/or LES2 may extend through a plurality
of lighting units (e.g. lighting units LU1, LU2, and LU3). In some
embodiments (not shown), the light emitting structure LES1 and/or
LES2 may have separate patterns, and one of the separate patterns
may be disposed in one of the lighting units, but not limited
thereto.
[0025] In addition, the emitting structure LES1 and/or LES2 may be
disposed between the first electrodes EL1 and the second electrode
EL2. One of the first electrodes EL1 may be disposed in (or
correspond to) one of the lighting units (e.g. LU1, LU2, or LU3),
and the second electrode EL2 be continuously, the second electrode
EL2 may extend through the lighting units LU1, LU2, and LU3, but
not limited thereto. The second electrode EL2 may be one of cathode
and anode, and the first electrodes EL1 may be another one of
cathode and anode. The material of the second electrode EL2 may
include transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide
(ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO),
indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), antimony
zinc oxide (AZO), any other suitable materials or combinations
thereof, but not limited thereto. The material of the first
electrodes EL1 may include reflective conductive material (e.g.
metal or alloy), but not limited thereto. Additionally, the
lighting device 10 may include a plurality of walls 103 (e.g. the
unit (pixel) definition layer) disposed between the at least one
light emitting structure (the light emitting structure LES1 or
LES2) and the second substrate 102. Specifically, the walls 103 may
be disposed between the second electrode EL2 and the light emitting
structure LES1 (or LES2). In some embodiments, the light emitting
structure LES1 (or LES2) may be disposed on the plurality of walls
103. In some embodiments, the lighting units may be defined by the
walls, but not limited. In some embodiments, the lighting units may
be defined by other suitable material, such as shielding structure
106 (the details will be explained below). The material of the
walls 103 may include opaque insulating material, such as
reflective materials or light shielding materials, but not limited
thereto.
[0026] An active matrix layer AM may be disposed on the first
substrate 100. The active matrix layer AM may include plural
transistors Tr. The lighting units LU1, LU2, and LU3 may
respectively include at least one transistor Tr, and the first
electrodes EL1 may be electrically connected to the corresponding
transistor Tr, but not limited thereto. The transistor Tr may
include an active layer 1040, a gate electrode 1042, a source
electrode/drain electrode 1044. The active matrix layer AM may also
include signal lines (such as scan line, data line, power line or
reference line), insulating layers or other components. The first
substrate 100 may be an array substrate. The first substrate 100
and/or the second substrate 102 may include a rigid substrate (such
as a glass substrate or a quartz substrate) or a flexible substrate
(such as a plastic substrate), but not limited thereto. The
material of the plastic substrate may include polyimide (PI),
polycarbonate (PC) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), but not
limited thereto.
[0027] A shielding structure 106 may be adjacent to the light
converting units. The shielding structure 106 may include a
plurality of apertures, and one light converting unit (such as the
first light converting unit LCU1 the second light converting unit
LCU2 or the third light converting unit LCU3) may be disposed in
(or correspond to) the corresponding aperture of the shielding
structure 106. The material of the shielding structure 106 may
include black photoresist, black printing ink, black resin, other
suitable material or combinations thereof, but not limited thereto.
In addition, a planarization layer 108 may be disposed between the
shielding structure 106 and the light source LS. In some
embodiments, the planarization layer 108, the shielding structure
106, the first light converting unit LCU1 the second light
converting unit LCU2, and the third light converting unit LCU3
maybe formed on the second substrate 102, and the second substrate
102 may be a so-called color filter substrate or protective
substrate, but not limited. The first light converting units LCU1
the second light converting units LCU2, and the third light
converting units LCU3 may be disposed between the second substrate
102 and the light source LS, but not limited thereto. In some
embodiments, the shielding structure 106, the first light
converting unit LCU1, the second light converting unit LCU2, or the
third light converting unit LCU3 maybe formed on the first
substrate 100. In some embodiments, an adhesion layer 110 maybe
disposed between the planarization layer 108 and the light source
LS. In addition, an anti-reflection layer 114 maybe disposed on a
surface of the second substrate 102, and the surface may be away
from the light source LS.
[0028] It should be noted that, one of the lighting units LU1, LU2,
or LU3 may correspond to one of the apertures of the shielding
structure 106. For example, one lighting unit (such as the lighting
unit LU1, LU2, or LU3) may correspond to all elements (or layers)
in a vertical region of one aperture of the shielding structure 106
in the normal direction V of the first substrate 100 (or a normal
direction V of the second substrate 102). In some embodiments, the
lighting unit may be a sub-pixel (such as red sub-pixel, green
sub-pixel, or blue sub-pixel, but not limited thereto).
[0029] The first light converting unit LCU1 may include a light
converting structure LCS1 and a filter layer FL1, and the second
light converting unit LCU2 may include a light converting structure
LCS2 and a filter layer FL2. The filter layer FL1 (or the filter
layer FL2) may disposed between the light converting structure LCS1
(or the light converting structure LCS2) and the second substrate
102, but not limited. The light converting structure LCS1 or the
light converting structure LCS2 may include quantum dots,
fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, color filter
layer, other suitable materials or combinations thereof, but not
limited thereto. The quantum dots maybe made of a semiconductor
nano-crystal structure, and can include CdSe, CdS, CdTe, ZnSe,
ZnTe, ZnS, HgTe, InAs, Cd1-xZnxSel-ySy, CdSe/ZnS, InP or GaAs, but
not limited thereto. Quantum dots generally have a particle size
between 1 nanometer (nm) and 30 nm, 1 nm and 20 nm, or 1 nm and 10
nm, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, quantum dots are
excited by an input light emitted by the light source LS, the input
light will be converted into an emitted light with different
wavelength. The color (or wavelength) of the emitted light may be
adjusted by the material or size of the quantum dots. In other
embodiments, the quantum dots may include sphere particles, rod
particles or particles with any other suitable shapes as long as
the quantum dots could emit light with suitable color (or
wavelength). In addition, the filter layers FL1 and FL2 may include
color filter layers. For example, the filter layer FL1 may include
a green color filter layer, the filter layer FL2 may include a red
color filter layer, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments,
the filter layers FL1 and FL2 may include Bragg layers. In some
embodiments, the filter layers FL1 and FL2 may selectively be
deleted or replaced.
[0030] As shown in FIG. 1, the light converting structure LCS1 may
include quantum dots QD1, the quantum dots QD1 can be excited by a
portion of the input light IL1, and the portion of the input light
IL1 may be converted into a light CL1 by the quantum dots QD1. A
first light OL1 may be the mixture of the light CL1 and the
unconverted input light IL1. In the first lighting unit LU1 shown
in FIG. 1, the intensity of the unconverted input light IL1 can be
reduced by the filter layer FL1 or the second substrate 102 when
the unconverted input light IL1 penetrates through (or pass
through) the filter layer FL1 or the second substrate 102. The
second substrate 102 can reduce at least part of the unconverted
input lights IL1. Accordingly, the first light OL1 maybe an output
light emitted from the first lighting unit LU1. The output light
could be regarded as the final visual light of the lighting device
10 perceived by the observer. The light converting structure LCS2
may include quantum dots QD2, the quantum dots QD2 can be excited
by a portion of the input light IL2, and the portion of the input
light IL2 may be converted into a light CL2 by the quantum dots
QD2. The quantum dots QD2 may be different from the quantum dots
QD1. A second light OL2 may be the mixture of the light CL2 and the
unconverted input light IL2. In the second lighting unit LU2 shown
in FIG. 1, the intensity of the unconverted input light IL2 can be
reduced by the filter layer FL2 or the second substrate 102 when
the unconverted input light IL2 penetrates through (or pass
through) the filter layer FL2 or the second substrate 102.
Accordingly, the second light OL2 may be an output light emitted
from the second lighting unit LU2.
[0031] In some embodiments, a third light OL3 emitted by the
lighting unit LU3 can be blue light, but not limited. In some
embodiments, the light source LS emits blue light, the third light
converting unit LCU3 may include a transparent layer, which has no
quantum dots therein. Additionally, the third light converting unit
LCU3 may also include some scattering particles 112, but not
limited thereto. In some embodiments, the third light converting
unit LCU3 may include a blue color filter layer. In some
embodiment, the third light converting unit LCU3 is not included in
the lighting unit LU3. In some embodiments, the third light
converting unit LCU3 may include suitable type of quantum dots to
adjust the wavelength of the third light OL3.
[0032] In some embodiments, the first light OL1 can be green light,
the second light OL2 can be red light, and the third light OL3 can
be blue light, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the
lighting device 10 may include other lighting units emitting a
light with different colors (or wavelengths).
[0033] In some embodiments, the second substrate 102 may include a
plurality of metal ions, a plurality of nanoparticles, or a
yellowing polymer, but not limited thereto. The metal ions may
include the first transition series, second transition series,
third transition series, or fourth transition series, but not
limited thereto. For example, the metal ions may include titanium,
chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium,
zirconium, molybdenum, silver, cadmium, platinum, gold, other
suitable materials or combinations thereof, but not limited
thereto. In some embodiments, the metal ions may be introduced by
adding metal salts into the second substrate 102.
[0034] The nanoparticles may include metal oxide nanoparticles or
metal nanoparticles. The metal oxide nanoparticles may include
nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), zirconium dioxide
(ZrO.sub.2), aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), indium oxide
(In.sub.2O.sub.3), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO.sub.2),
antimony oxide (Sb.sub.2O.sub.3), or silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2),
but not limited thereto. The metal oxide nanoparticles may absorb
(or filter) at least part of the input lights (such as blue
lights). The metal nanoparticles may include nanoparticles of gold,
silver, copper, platinum, iron, cobalt, nickel, or manganese, but
not limited thereto. The metal nanoparticles may scatter at least
part of the blue lights. In some embodiments, the metal
nanoparticles may scatter at least part of the blue lights to the
quantum dots, thereby increasing the conversion efficiency. In some
embodiments, the nanoparticles may be formed as a thin film (or
layer) on at least one of the surfaces of the second substrate 102.
In some embodiments, a patterning process may be performed so that
the nanoparticle thin film may have patterns (not shown), and at
least part of the nanoparticle thin films (or layers) can overlap
with the light converting structure LCS1 (or the light converting
structure LCS2) in the normal direction V of the second substrate
102, but not limited thereto.
[0035] The yellowing polymer may include epoxy resins with high
molecular weights or unsaturated polyester resins, but not limited
thereto. For example, the material of the second substrate 102
includes acrylic or PI, and the epoxy resin with high molecular
weight or the unsaturated polyester resin may be added in the
second substrate 102, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments,
an aging process may be performed to the second substrate 102 for
reducing the blue light. The aging process may include chemical
aging or physical aging, but not limited thereto.
[0036] Referring to FIG. 2, it is a schematic diagram illustrating
the transmittance (the vertical axis on the left side indicates the
transmittance (%)) of the second substrate 102 and a first spectrum
of the first light OL1 emitted by the first lighting unit LU1
according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, dash-dotted
lines TL1 represent the transmittance of the second substrate 102
including at least one of the above metal ions, the nanoparticles,
or the yellowing polymers. Dashed lines TL2 represent a
transmittance of a common substrate, which is untreated. For
example, the common substrate does not include the metal ions, the
nanoparticles or the yellowing polymer. In FIG. 2, the solid line
represents a first spectrum of the first light OL1, and the first
spectrum may include a main wave MW11 and a sub-wave SW11. In some
embodiments, the first spectrum may be a spectrum of a light
emitted by the light source LS and passing through the first light
converting units LCU1 and the second substrate 102. In some
embodiments, the main wave MW11 may represent the light CL1 (the
light is converted by the first light converting unit LCU1) after
passing through the second substrate 102. The sub-wave SW11 may
represent the unconverted input light IL1 e.g. blue light), after
passing through the second substrate 102.
[0037] In FIG. 2, the main wave MW11 has a main peak PM11 and the
sub-wave SW11 has a first sub peak PS11, the main peak PM11 is
between 520 nanometers (nm) to 590 nm and the first sub peak PS11
is between 430 nm to 470 nm, and the intensity (the vertical axis
on the right side indicates the intensity) of the main peak PM11 is
greater than the intensity of the first sub peak PS11.
Additionally, "Main peak" is defined as a crest of the main wave,
and "Sub peak" is defined as a highest intensity in the
corresponding range of wavelength, such as the highest intensity in
the range from 430 nm to 470 nm, but not limited thereto. "Main
peak" and "Sub peak" in other light spectrums may also be defined
by the same way described above.
[0038] Referring to FIG. 3, it is a schematic diagram illustrating
the transmittance of the second substrate 102 and a second spectrum
of a second light OL2 emitted by the second lighting unit LU2
according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 3, the solid line
represents a second spectrum of the second light OL2, and the
second spectrum may include a main wave MW2 and a sub-wave SW2. In
this embodiment, the second spectrum may be a spectrum of a light
emitted by the light source LS and passing through the second light
converting units LCU2 and the second substrate 102. The main wave
MW2 may represent the light CL2 (the light converted by the second
light converting unit LCU2) after passing through the second
substrate 102. The sub-wave SW2 may represent the unconverted input
light IL2 (e.g. blue light) after passing through the second
substrate 102. Referring to FIG. 3 (the vertical axis on the right
side indicates the intensity), the main wave MW2 has a main peak
PM2 and the sub-wave SW2 has a sub peak PS2, the main peak PM2 is
between 591 nm to 780 nm and the sub peak PS2 is between 430 nm to
470 nm, and the intensity of the main peak PM2 is greater than the
intensity of the sub peak PS2.
[0039] As shown in the dash-dotted lines TL1 in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3,
a first transmittance T1 of the second substrate 102 at a
wavelength of the main peak PM11 is greater than a second
transmittance T2 of the second substrate 102 at a wavelength of the
first sub peak PS11, or a fourth transmittance T4 of the second
substrate 102 at a wavelength of the main peak PM2 is greater than
a fifth transmittance T5 of the second substrate 102 at a
wavelength of the sub peak PS2. In some embodiments, the first
transmittance T1 or the fourth transmittance T4) maybe in a range
from 91% to 95% (91%.ltoreq.transmittance .ltoreq.95%), and the
second transmittance T2 and/or the fifth transmittance T5 may be
less than the first transmittance T1 (or the fourth transmittance
T4). As shown in the dashed lines TL2 in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, when
the common substrate is untreated, a transmittance T1' of the
common substrate at a wavelength of the main peak PM11 and a
transmittance T2' of the common substrate at a wavelength of the
first sub peak PS11 are approximately the same, or a transmittance
T4' of the common substrate at a wavelength of the main peak PM2
and a transmittance T5' of the common substrate at a wavelength of
the sub peak PS2 are approximately the same. When the second
substrate 102 is treated, for example, the second substrate 102 may
include the metal ions, the nanoparticles, or the yellowing
polymer, the transmittance of the second substrate 102 at the
wavelength of the first sub peak PS11 (or second sub peak PS2) may
be reduced.
[0040] Table 1 illustrates the second transmittance T2 (or the
fifth transmittance T5) of the second substrate 102 when the second
substrate 102 includes one of the metal ions, the nanoparticles,
and the yellowing polymer (for example, groups A, E and I in the
table 1), or the second substrate 102 may include the combination
of two of these materials (for example, groups B, C D, F, G and H
in the table 1). Taking the group A as an example, the value
represents the transmittance of the second substrate 102 when it
includes 1-20wt % metal ions, and the second transmittance T2 (or
the fifth transmittance T5) may be in a range from 90-91%
(90%.ltoreq.transmittance .ltoreq.91%). Taking the group B as an
example, the value represents the transmittance of the second
substrate 102 with 1-20wt % metal ions and 1-20wt % nanoparticles,
and the second transmittance T2 (or the fifth transmittance T5) may
be in a range from 72-82% (72% transmittance82%). Other groups
(such as groups C-I) are similar, so not be repeated.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Transmittance (%) Yellowing (T2 or T5) Metal
ions Nanoparticles polymer Metal ions A: 90-91% B: 72-82% C: 76-82%
Nanoparticles D: 72-82% E: 80-90% F: 67-81% Yellowing polymer G:
76-82% H: 67-81% I: 84-90%
[0041] In addition, Table 2 illustrates the ratio of the second
transmittance T2 to the first transmittance T1 (or the ratio of the
fifth transmittance T5 to the fourth transmittance T4) when the
second substrate 102 includes one of the metal ions, the
nanoparticles and the yellowing polymer (for example, groups A, E
and I in the table 2), or the combination of two of these materials
(for example, groups B, C D, F, G and H in the table 2). Taking the
group A as an example, the value represents a ratio of the second
transmittance T2 to the first transmittance T1 (T2/T1) (or a ratio
of the fifth transmittance T5 to the fourth transmittance T4
(T5/T4)) when the second substrate 102 includes 1-20 wt % metal
ions, and the ratio may be in a range from 97% to 98%
(97%.ltoreq.ratio.ltoreq.98%). Taking the group B as an example,
the value represents a ratio of the second transmittance T2 to the
first transmittance T1 (T2/T1) (or a ratio of the fifth
transmittance T5 to the fourth transmittance T4 (T5/T4)) when the
second substrate 102 includes 1-20wt % metal ions and 1-20wt %
nanoparticles, and the ratio may be in a range from 77% to 88%
(77%.ltoreq.ratio.ltoreq.88%). Other groups (such as groups C-I)
are similar, so not be repeated. According to groups A-I in table
2, the ratio of the second transmittance T2 to the first
transmittance T1 may be in a range from 72% to 98%.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Ratio (T2/T1 or Yellowing T5/T4) Metal ions
Nanoparticles polymer Metal ions A: 97-98% B: 77-88% C: 81-88%
Nanoparticles D: 77-88% E: 86-97% F: 72-87% Yellowing polymer G:
81-88% H: 72-87% I: 90-97%
[0042] Referring to FIG. 4, it is a schematic diagram illustrating
the transmittance of a second substrate 102 and a first spectrum of
a first light OL1 emitted by a first lighting unit LU1 according to
a variant embodiment of the first embodiment. Different from the
FIG. 2, the first spectrum (FIG. 4) may include a sub-wave SW12 and
the sub-wave SW11, and the sub-wave SW12 may represent different
portions of the unconverted input light IL1 in the first light OL1.
Referring to FIG. 4 (the vertical axis on the right side indicates
the intensity), the sub-wave SW12 has a second sub peak PS12
between 470 nm to 510 nm, and the intensity of the second sub peak
PS12 is less than the intensity of the main peak PM11. "First sub
peak" and "Second sub peak" are defined as the highest intensities
in the corresponding ranges of wavelength, such as the highest
intensity in the range from 430 nm to 470 nm and the highest
intensity in the range from 470 nm to 510 nm, but not limited
thereto. As shown in the dash-dotted line TL1 in FIG. 4, a first
transmittance T1 of the second substrate 102 at the wavelength of
the main peak PM11 is greater than a third transmittance T3 of the
second substrate 102 at a wavelength of the second sub peak PS12,
and a ratio of the third transmittance T3 to the first
transmittance T1 (T3/T1) is in a range from 85% to 99% (85%
.ltoreq.ratio.ltoreq.99%). In FIG. 4, the third transmittance T3
may be greater than the second transmittance T2 and less than the
first transmittance T1, but not limited thereto. When the second
substrate 102 includes the metal ions, the nanoparticles, or the
yellowing polymer, the first transmittance T1 may be in a range
from 91% to 95% (91%.ltoreq.first transmittance T1.ltoreq.95%), and
the second transmittance T2 and the third transmittance T3 may be
less than the first transmittance T1. As shown in the dashed line
TL2 in FIG. 4, when the common substrate does not include the metal
ions, the nanoparticles, nor the yellowing polymer, the
transmittance T1' and the transmittance T2' of the common substrate
are approximately the same, or the transmittance T1' and the
transmittance T3' of the common substrate are approximately the
same.
[0043] Referring to FIG. 5, it is a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram,
and color gamut may be commonly represented by an area in the CIE
1931 chromaticity diagram. The numbers marked along a curved edge
CE may represent the wavelengths. A region CS can represent the
color space of the lighting device 10, a point G may represent the
green primary color, a point R may represent the red primary color.
In the lighting units LU1, the intensity of the unconverted input
light (such as blue light) can be reduced by the filter layer FL1
or the second substrate 102, the x-y coordinate of the first light
OL1 can be close to the point G, as indicated by an arrow AG in
FIG. 5. For example, a green x-coordinate value in a CIE 1931 color
gamut of the lighting device 10 is in a range from 0.17 to 0.29
(0.17.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.29), and a green y-coordinate value in the
CIE 1931 color gamut of the lighting device 10 is in a range from
0.675 to 0.8 (0.675.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.8). In addition, in the
lighting units LU2, since the intensity of the unconverted input
light (such as blue light) can be reduced by the filter layer FL2
or the second substrate 102, the x-y coordinate of the second light
OL1 can be close to the point R, as indicated by an arrow AR in
FIG. 5. For example, a red x-coordinate value in the CIE 1931 color
gamut of the lighting device 10 is in a range from 0.68 to 0.71
(0.68.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.71), and a red y-coordinate value in the
CIE 1931 color gamut of the lighting device 10 is in a range from
0.29 to 0.31 (0.29.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.31). Accordingly, the lighting
units LU1 or LU2 in the lighting device 10 can emit light with the
color close to the red or green primary color, thereby increasing
the lighting quality (or display quality).
[0044] In some embodiments, since the second substrate 102 is
provided, the thickness of the filter layers FL1 and FL2 may be
reduced to be less than three micrometers. Additionally, the filter
layers FL1 and FL2 may be removed in some embodiments for reducing
the thickness of the lighting device 10.
[0045] The technical features in different embodiments described in
this disclosure can be replaced, recombined, or mixed. For making
it easier to compare the difference between these embodiments, the
following description will detail the dissimilarities among
different embodiments and the identical features will not be
redundantly described.
[0046] Referring to FIG. 6, it is a schematic diagram illustrating
a cross-sectional view of a lighting device according to a second
embodiment. Different from the first embodiment, the lighting
device 10 may be a liquid crystal display device, but not limited
thereto. The first substrate 100 may be disposed between the light
source LS and the second substrate 102, and a light modulating
layer 116 may be disposed between the first substrate 100 and the
second substrate 102. The light modulating layer 116 may be a
liquid crystal layer, and some spacers 108 may be disposed between
the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 102. An alignment
layer 120, an electrode 122, and a planarization layer 126 maybe
disposed between the second substrate 102 and the light modulating
layer 116, but not limited. An alignment layer 128, a plurality of
electrodes 130, and the active matrix layer AM may be disposed
between the light modulating layer 116 and the first substrate 100,
but not limited.
[0047] The alignment layers 120 and 128 may be PI layers, but not
limited thereto. The electrode 122 may be the common electrode and
the electrodes 130 may be pixel electrodes, and the electrodes 130
may be electrically connected to at least one transistor of the
active matrix layer AM, but not limited thereto. The material of
the shielding structure 106 or the spacers 118 may include black
photoresist, black printing ink, black resin or other suitable
material or combinations thereof, but not limited thereto. The
optical films 134 may include dual brightness enhancement film
(DBEF), prism film, other suitable optical films, or combinations
thereof, but not limited thereto. In FIG. 6, the light source LS
may emit blue light, and the third light converting unit LCU3 may
be replaced by a transparent layer, which has no quantum dots or
scattering particles therein, but not limited thereto.
[0048] The lighting device 10 may further include a polarizer 124
and a polarizer 132. The polarizer 124 may be disposed between the
planarization layer 126 and the light converting units, the
polarizer 132 may be disposed between the first substrate 100 and
the light source LS. However, the polarizer 124 and the polarizer
132 are not limited to be disposed at the above-mentioned
locations. In some embodiments, the light modulating layer 116 may
be disposed between two polarizers for adjusting gray scale. In
some embodiments, the polarizer 124 and/or the polarizer 132 may be
disposed between the first substrate 100 and light converting
units, for example the polarizer 124 and/or the polarizer 132 may
include metal wires, which can be so-called wire grid polarizer
(WGP), but is not limited thereto. The material of metal wire
includes metal, metal alloy, other suitable materials or
combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto. In addition, the
lighting device 10 may further include at least one optical film
134 disposed between the polarizer 132 and the light source LS. In
some embodiments, the optical film 134 may include dual brightness
enhancement film (DBEF), prism film, other suitable optical films,
or combinations thereof, but not limited thereto.
[0049] In FIG. 6, the light source LS may be a backlight module.
The light source LS may include a light emitting source 136 and at
least one optical layer 138. The optical layer 138 may include the
light guide plate, diffuser plate, reflective film or other optical
films (or plates). The light source LS may be an edge-lit type
backlight module, and the light emitting source 136 may be disposed
near at least one of the sidewalls of the optical layer 138 (such
as the light guide plate), or the light source LS and the first
substrate 100 (or the second substrate 102) may be disposed at
different sides of the optical layer 138, but not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the light source LS may be a direct-lit type
backlight module (not shown), the optical layer 138 may be the
diffuser plate, reflective film or other optical films, and the
optical layers 138 (such as diffuser plate) may be disposed between
the light emitting source 136 and first substrate 100, or the
optical layers 138 (such as reflective film) may disposed under the
light emitting source 136. The light emitting source 136 may
include light emitting diode (LED), micro-LED, mini-LED, organic
light-emitting diode (OLED), quantum dot light emitting diode
(QLED; QDLED), quantum dot, fluorescent material, phosphor
materials, other suitable light sources, or combinations thereof,
but not limited thereto. In some embodiment, the backlight module
can emit blue light or UV light, but not limited thereto.
[0050] Referring to FIG. 7, it is a schematic diagram illustrating
a measurement of the transmittance of the second substrate. In some
embodiments, the measurement of the transmittance (such as T1, T2,
T3, T4 or T5) maybe performed to a measuring location Q of the
second substrate 102 after the lighting device 10 is dismantled.
For example, the second substrate 102 in FIG. 7 maybe dismantled
from the lighting device 10 in FIG. 6, but not limited thereto. In
some embodiments, the transmittance of the second substrate 102
maybe measured without dismantling the lighting device 10 when the
area of the second substrate 102 is larger than the area of the
first substrate 100, and the measuring location Q can be chosen
from a part of the second substrate 102, and the part of the second
substrate 102 does not overlap with the first substrate 100 in the
normal direction V of the second substrate 102, but not limited
thereto. As shown in FIG. 7, the second substrate 102 may include a
display region AA and a peripheral region PA, and the shielding
structure 106 and the light converting units (such as LCU1, LCU2)
may be disposed in the display region AA. In some embodiments, the
shielding structure 106 may extend to a portion of the peripheral
region PA, but not limited thereto. Referring to an arrow AT shown
in FIG. 7, the transmittance of the second substrate 102 may be
measured from a measuring location Q of the second substrate 102 in
the peripheral region PA, but not limited thereto. In some
embodiments, the transmittance of the second substrate 102 maybe
measured from a measuring location Q of the second substrate 102 in
the display region AA.
[0051] As shown in FIG. 7, part of the planarization layer 126,
part of the electrode 122, and part of the alignment layer 120 may
correspond to the measuring location Q of the second substrate 102,
but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the polymer film,
Bragg layer, silicon oxide film, silicon nitride film, inorganic
material, organic material, or combinations thereof may be disposed
on the second substrate 102 and correspond to the measuring
location Q, but not limited thereto. According to the results from
experiments, the above-mentioned materials may not affect or
slightly affect the result of transmittance of the second substrate
102, which can be neglected.
[0052] It should be noted that, some materials should not be
located in the measuring location Q while measuring the
transmittance of the second substrate 102, such as the shielding
structure 106, the light converting units (such as LCU1, LCU2 and
LCU3), the filter (the filter layer FL1 and FL2), the polarizer 124
(such as WGP), metallic materials, other reflective materials,
shading materials or light absorbing materials, but not limited.
These materials should be removed from the measuring location Q by
dry etching, wet etching or other methods before the measurement is
performed. The wet etching may include drop etching or shower
etching, for example, the acid etching solution ST849 or alkali
etching solution ST823 may be used, but not limited thereto. The
dry etching may include using the fast particle beam, ion beam, or
atom beam to perform the bombardment of etching, but not limited
thereto. Therefore, in some embodiments, the measurement may be
performed to the second substrate 102 after other films disposed on
the second substrate 102 are removed.
[0053] In some experiment, the measurement of the transmittance may
be performed to thirty-six measuring locations of the second
substrate 102 uniformly distributed in the display region AA and/or
the peripheral region PA, but not limited thereto. The thirty-six
measuring locations should be chosen according to criteria of the
measuring location Q mentioned above.
[0054] The transmittance of the second substrate 102 may be
measured by some instruments such as the spectroradiometer or color
analyzer, but not limited thereto. The instruments may include
CA-210, CS 1000T, CS 2000, BMSA or other suitable instruments, but
not limited thereto. In addition, the spectrum of the first light
OL1 or the second light OL2 may be measured by the
spectroradiometer. The instrument may be disposed at a side of the
emitting surface of the lighting device 10, and the emitting
surface may be away from the light source LS while measuring. The
lighting device 10 may turn on at least one of the lighting units
LU1 (or at least one of the lighting units LU2), and the lighting
device 10 may emit the first light OL1 (or the second light OL2).
The lighting unit(s) LU1 or LU2 may be operated in the condition of
maximum gray level while measuring, but not limited thereto.
[0055] Referring to FIG. 8, it is a schematic diagram illustrating
a cross-sectional view of a lighting device according to a third
embodiment. Different from the second embodiment, the second
substrate 102 is disposed between a display panel 140 (such as
liquid crystal display panel) and the light source LS. The lighting
device 10 may include a quantum dot (QD) cell 142 disposed between
the display panel 140 and the light source LS. The QD cell 142
includes a bottom substrate 144, the second substrate 102, the
first light converting units LCU1, the second light converting
units LCU2, and an adhesive layer 146. In some embodiments, the
adhesive layer 146 may be a black adhesive layer, but not limited
thereto. The first light converting units LCU1, the second light
converting units LCU2, and the adhesive layer 146 may be disposed
between the bottom substrate 144 and the second substrate 102, and
the second substrate 102 is disposed on the first light converting
units LCU1 and the second light converting units LCU2. In some
embodiments, the adhesive layer 146 may be disposed at the
periphery of the bottom substrate 144 (or the periphery of the
second substrate 102), and the bottom substrate 144 and the second
substrate 102 may be adhered through the adhesive layer 146. In
some embodiments, the adhesive layer 146 may be adjacent to (or
surrounds) the first light converting units LCU1 and the second
light converting units LCU2. In some embodiment, the light source
LS may be the edge-lit type backlight module, and the optical layer
138 may be a light guide, but not limited thereto. In some
embodiments, the light source LS may be a direct-lit type backlight
module (not shown), and the optical layer 138 may be a diffusing
film or a reflective film, but not limited thereto. For example,
the diffusing film may be disposed on the light source LS, or the
reflective film may be disposed under the light source LS, but not
limited thereto.
[0056] The light (e.g. blue light) provided by the light source LS
may pass through the first light converting units LCU1 and the
second light converting units LCU2, and the lights (e.g. red and
green lights) emitted by the first light converting units LCU1 and
the second light converting units LCU2 may pass through the second
substrate 102. The lights emitted by the first light converting
units LCU1 and the second light converting units LCU2 may be mixed
to form white light, and portions of blue lights can be reduced by
the second substrate 102. Additionally, the white light provided by
the QD cell 142 may be converted into different colors (or
wavelengths) by color filters of different sub-pixels disposed in
the liquid crystal display panel 140, but not limited thereto. In
some embodiment, the quantum dots of the first light converting
units LCU1 and the quantum dots of the second light converting
units LCU2 may be separated (or be patterned), the quantum dots of
the first light converting units LCU1 does not overlap with the
quantum dots of the second light converting units LCU2 in the
normal direction V of the second substrate 102, but not limited
thereto. In some embodiments, the quantum dots of the first light
converting units LCU1 and the quantum dots of the second light
converting units LCU2 may be mixed in a same layer, and the
wavelength (or color) emitted from 142 could be modulated. In some
embodiments, the substrates of the display panel 140 may be
substrates that does not include the metal ions, the nanoparticles
or the yellowing polymer, but not limited thereto. In some
embodiments, at least one of the substrates of the display panel
140 may be replaced by the second substrate 102, in this situation,
the substrate of the QD cell 142 may not include the metal ions,
the nanoparticles or the yellowing polymer, but not limited
thereto. The above alternative designs may be applied to the fourth
embodiment or the fifth embodiment.
[0057] Referring to FIG. 9, it is a schematic diagram illustrating
a cross-sectional view of a lighting device according to a fourth
embodiment. Different from the third embodiment, the lighting
device 10 may include the quantum dot on light guide (QDOG)
structure. For example, the second substrate 102, the first light
converting units LCU1, and the second light converting units LCU2
may be bonded with (or coated on) the optical layer 138, and the
bottom substrate 144.
[0058] Referring to FIG. 10, it is a schematic diagram illustrating
a cross-sectional view of a lighting device according to a fifth
embodiment. Different from the fourth embodiment, the lighting
device 10 may include the quantum dot in light guide (QDIG)
structure. For example, the light source LS may be the light
emitting source 136, and the quantum dots QD1 of the first light
converting units LCU1 and the quantum dots QD2 of the second light
converting units LCU2 may be mixed and disposed in the optical
layer 138, but not limited thereto. The second substrate 102 maybe
disposed on the optical layer 138. Therefore, the light source LS
and the second substrate 102 may be disposed at different sides of
the optical layer 138, but not limited thereto.
[0059] Referring to FIG. 11, it is a schematic diagram illustrating
a cross-sectional view of a lighting device according to a sixth
embodiment. Different from the first embodiment, the lighting
device 10 may include LED, micro LED, or mini LED but not limited
thereto. As shown in FIG. 11, the light source LS may include at
least one light emitting source 148 disposed between the first
substrate 100 and the second substrate 102, and the transistors Tr
of the active matrix layer AM are electrically connected to the
light source LS. For example, at least one light emitting source
148 may be disposed in the lighting units LU1, LU2, and LU3
respectively. The light emitting source 148 may include LED,
micro-LED, mini LED, or quantum dots LEDs (QLEDs or QD-LEDs), but
not limited thereto. In some embodiment, the active matrix layer
AM, the light source LS, the first light converting units LCU1, the
second light converting units LCU2, the third light converting
units LCU3, or the shielding structure 106 may be disposed on (or
formed on) the first substrate 100, but not limited thereto. In
some embodiments, the thickness of the shielding structure 106
maybe greater than or equal to the thicknesses of the first light
converting units LCU1, the second light converting units LCU2,
and/or the third light converting units LCU3. In some embodiments,
the filter layer FL1 may be disposed between the first light
converting unit LCU1 and the second substrate 102, the filter layer
FL2 may be disposed between the second light converting unit LCU2
and the second substrate 102, and an air gap or a transparent layer
may be disposed between the third light converting unit LCU3 and
the second substrate 102, but not limited thereto. In some
embodiments, the filter layer FL1 and the filter layer FL2 can be
selectively removed or replaced.
[0060] In summary, the lighting device may include a substrate
disposed on the first light converting units, the second light
converting units or the third light converting units. The substrate
may include the metal ions, the nanoparticles, the yellowing
polymer, or combinations thereof, but not limited. The
transmittance of the second substrate at the wavelength
corresponding to the blue light can be reduced. When the blue light
unconverted by the quantum dots in the first light converting units
or the second light converting units passes through the second
substrate, some of the unconverted blue light may be reduced, so
the intensity of the blue light in the output light may be reduced.
Accordingly, the lighting units in the lighting device can emit
lights with the color closer to red primary color or green primary
color due to the reduction of the unconverted blue light, thereby
increasing the (display) quality.
[0061] Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous
modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made
while retaining the teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the
above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes
and bounds of the appended claims.
* * * * *