U.S. patent application number 16/634587 was filed with the patent office on 2020-06-04 for functional structure, associated component for a turbomachine and turbine.
This patent application is currently assigned to Siemens Aktiengesellschaft. The applicant listed for this patent is Siemens Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Robin Blank, Lena Farahbod-Sternahl, Christoph Kiener, Yves Kusters, Sascha Martin Kyeck, Simon Purschke, Helge Reymann.
Application Number | 20200173287 16/634587 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 63371657 |
Filed Date | 2020-06-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200173287 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Blank; Robin ; et
al. |
June 4, 2020 |
FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE, ASSOCIATED COMPONENT FOR A TURBOMACHINE AND
TURBINE
Abstract
A functional structure for use in an energy converter and/or a
turbomachine. The structure includes a lattice with at least one
lattice cell, having lattice nodes and lattice connecting elements
connected to the lattice nodes, the lattice cell also having a
gyrating mass which is connected to the lattice nodes by at least
one arm, the gyrating mass being designed to receive mechanical
energy when the structure is in use. A lattice constant of the
lattice cell has a dimension of less than 100 mm.
Inventors: |
Blank; Robin; (Berlin,
DE) ; Farahbod-Sternahl; Lena; (Hannover, DE)
; Kiener; Christoph; (Munchen, DE) ; Kyeck; Sascha
Martin; (Berlin, DE) ; Kusters; Yves; (Berlin,
DE) ; Purschke; Simon; (Berlin, DE) ; Reymann;
Helge; (Berlin, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft |
Munich |
|
DE |
|
|
Assignee: |
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Munich
DE
|
Family ID: |
63371657 |
Appl. No.: |
16/634587 |
Filed: |
August 7, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
August 7, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2018/071334 |
371 Date: |
January 28, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B22F 3/1055 20130101;
B22F 2999/00 20130101; B22F 5/04 20130101; F05D 2230/234 20130101;
B22F 2999/00 20130101; F16F 7/104 20130101; B23K 2101/001 20180801;
F01D 5/16 20130101; F05D 2250/221 20130101; B22F 2003/1056
20130101; B23K 2103/26 20180801; B22F 5/10 20130101; F05D 2300/175
20130101; F05D 2230/31 20130101; F01D 5/26 20130101; F05D 2260/96
20130101; B33Y 10/00 20141201; B33Y 80/00 20141201; B22F 2999/00
20130101; F05D 2230/22 20130101; B22F 3/1115 20130101; B22F 5/10
20130101; B22F 5/04 20130101; B22F 3/1055 20130101; B22F 3/1115
20130101; B22F 3/1115 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F01D 5/16 20060101
F01D005/16; B22F 3/105 20060101 B22F003/105 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 11, 2017 |
DE |
10 2017 214 060.7 |
Claims
1. A functional structure for use in an energy converter, the
structure comprising: a lattice having at least one lattice cell,
comprising lattice nodes and lattice connecting elements connected
to the lattice nodes, wherein the lattice cell furthermore has a
gyrating mass, which is connected to a lattice node by means of at
least one arm, wherein the gyrating mass is designed to absorb
energy when the structure is in use, and wherein a lattice constant
of the lattice cell has a dimension of less than 100 mm.
2. The structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein a geometry of the
arm and of the gyrating mass are matched to the intended use of the
structure.
3. The structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structure has a
multiplicity of lattice cells which are similar or of the same
type.
4. The structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arm has a
predetermined breaking point, which breaks under a mechanical load
which is excessive in relation to the intended operation of the
structure and thus allows an emergency function of a component
having the structure.
5. The structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gyrating mass
is designed to absorb dynamic energy, vibration or oscillation
energy, when the structure is in use.
6. The structureas claimed in claim 1, which is provided for use in
a turbomachine, or in a rotating part of a gas turbine.
7. The structure as claimed in claim 1, which is designed for use
as an energy storage device and/or for energy conversion.
8. A component for a turbomachine or a gas turbine, comprising: a
functional structure as claimed in claim 1.
9. The component as claimed in claim 8, which rotates while being
used as intended and is designed for use in a hot gas path of a gas
turbine.
10. The component as claimed in claim 9, which is a turbine
blade.
11. A turbine comprising: a functional structure as claimed in
claim 1.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is the US National Stage of International
Application No. PCT/EP2018/071334 filed 7 Aug. 2018, and claims the
benefit thereof. The International Application claims the benefit
of German Application No. DE 10 2017 214 060.7 filed 11 Aug. 2017.
All of the applications are incorporated by reference herein in
their entirety.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a functional structure,
e.g. a structure for an energy converter or a damping structure,
and to a component for a turbomachine, and to a turbine.
[0003] The cited component or the component part is provided for
use in a turbomachine, such as in the hot gas path of a gas
turbine, for example. The component part is advantageously composed
of a high-temperature material or of a superalloy, in particular a
nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy. The alloy may be
precipitation-hardened or precipitation-hardenable.
[0004] The functional structure or component can be and/or is
advantageously produced by means of a generative or additive
production method. Additive methods comprise selective laser
melting (SLM) or laser sintering (SLS) or electron beam melting
(EBM) as powder bed methods, for example. Laser metal deposition
(LMD) also belongs to the additive methods.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0005] One method for selective laser melting is known from EP 2
601 006 B1, for example.
[0006] A component part with damping functionality and a method for
the additive buildup of the component part are furthermore
described in DE 102010063725.
[0007] Additive manufacturing methods have proven particularly
advantageous for complex component parts or component parts of
complicated or delicate design, e.g. labyrinth-type structures,
cooling structures and/or lightweight structures. Additive
manufacture is advantageous especially because of a particularly
short series of process steps since a production or manufacturing
step for a component part can take place directly on the basis of a
corresponding CAD file.
[0008] Particularly in rotating machines, e.g. turbomachines, there
is vibration or oscillation, which reduces the life of the
components of these machines. In the case of turbomachines, these
oscillations arise, for example, during the operation of a
corresponding turbine owing to the rotation of the rotor
components. These oscillations can furthermore lead to the
initiation of cracks or even to the failure of the component part.
This, in turn, can cause consequential damage to the entire
turbomachine. Oscillations can arise, for example, in the gas path
of a turbine independently of rotating components, and these
disrupt the optimum flow profile and can thus lead to damage to
component parts. The integration of (oscillation-) damping
structures can reduce these vibrations and oscillations and ideally
even compensate for them.
[0009] SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0010] It is therefore an object of the present invention to
specify means which allow intelligent oscillation or vibration
damping or even compensation of oscillations. Advantageous energy
storage can furthermore be made possible by the means
described.
[0011] This object is achieved by the subject matter of the
independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments form the
subject matter of the dependent patent claims.
[0012] One aspect of the present invention relates to a functional
structure, e.g. for use in an energy converter, in particular a
turbomachine, such as a gas turbine. The structure comprises a
lattice having at least one lattice cell. The lattice cell for
example refers to an elementary cell, in particular a cell which
has a cubic, cube-shaped, rhombohedral or hexagonal geometry. The
lattice cell advantageously comprises lattice nodes and lattice
connecting elements connected to the lattice nodes, wherein the
lattice cell furthermore has a gyrating mass, advantageously within
the lattice cell, which is connected to a lattice node by means of
at least one arm. When the structure is in use, the gyrating mass
is expediently connected to the arm and is designed to absorb
energy, e.g. mechanical energy, wherein a lattice constant or a
length or height of the lattice or elementary cell advantageously
has a dimension of less than 100 mm. These size ratios or
geometries are particularly expedient in terms of suitability for
production by additive methods.
[0013] The cited gyrating mass and the arm - which is likewise a
lattice connecting element for example, advantageously forms an
oscillatory system together with the rest of the lattice or the
lattice cell.
[0014] In the present case, the functional structure is
advantageously produced by an additive production method. The
geometric degrees of freedom offered by additive production, in
particular selective laser melting, can be exploited in a
particularly expedient way for the invention described and, in
particular, the gyrating mass together with the arm can be
configured for the damping or energy storage application
described.
[0015] The arm can be of structurally similar design to the lattice
connecting elements.
[0016] In the case where the functional structure is used as a
damping element, the gyrating mass is deflected or moved relative
to the lattice cell, advantageously elastically, by a vibration or
oscillations, as a result of which (mechanical) oscillation energy
is absorbed or received. This would advantageously lead to damping
of the entire component, such as a turbine blade, having the
functional structure.
[0017] In the case of an energy storage device, the functionality
is similar, and the gyrating mass likewise absorbs energy, which
can be released again or converted by suitable means at some later
point in time, for example.
[0018] In one embodiment, the geometry of the arm and/or of the
gyrating mass are/is matched to the intended use of the structure.
For example, the material and/or the mass of the gyrating mass
and/or a corresponding mass distribution thereof can be matched to
the intended use of the component or of the structure. A geometry
or length which determines the oscillation modes or resonant
frequencies of the arm (including the gyrating mass), for example,
can furthermore advantageously be selected in accordance with the
intended use. For example, a thickness of the arm and/or a geometry
of the gyrating mass can be selected in a particularly simple
manner or even made possible for the first time by means of an
additive manufacturing method.
[0019] In one embodiment, the structure has a multiplicity of
lattice cells which are similar, e.g. geometrically similar, or of
the same type. By virtue of this multiplicity or plurality of
functional structures or lattice cells arranged adjacent to one
another on the corresponding component, for example, there is the
preferential possibility of retaining the geometry of the component
while nevertheless achieving an efficient damping effect.
[0020] In one embodiment, the arm has a predetermined breaking
point, which breaks or is activated under a mechanical load which
is excessive in relation to the intended operation of the
structure, e.g. vibrations or oscillations, and thus allows an
emergency function of the component having the structure. In the
case of a component used in the hot gas path or the rotor of a gas
turbine, for example, a predetermined breaking point of this kind
can allow an emergency running functionality of the turbine, with
the result that the corresponding rotor or blade component still
allows at least destruction-free rundown of the turbine, rather
than complete destruction.
[0021] In one embodiment, the gyrating mass is designed to absorb
dynamic energy, in particular vibration or oscillation energy, when
the structure is in use.
[0022] In one embodiment, the structure is provided for use in a
turbomachine, for example in a rotating part of a gas turbine.
[0023] In one embodiment, the structure is designed for use as an
energy storage device and/or for energy conversion.
[0024] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method
for additive production of the functional structure.
[0025] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a
component for a turbomachine, such as a gas turbine, comprising the
functional structure.
[0026] In one embodiment, the component rotates in use as
intended.
[0027] In one embodiment, the component is designed for use in the
hot gas path of a gas turbine. According to this embodiment, the
component is advantageously manufactured from a high-temperature
material and/or from a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy.
[0028] In one embodiment, the component is a turbine blade.
[0029] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a turbine
comprising the functional structure and/or the component.
[0030] Embodiments, features and/or advantages which relate to the
structure in the present case may furthermore relate to the
component or vice versa.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] Further details of the invention are described below with
reference to the figures.
[0032] FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a functional
structure.
[0033] FIG. 2 shows an illustrative component comprising the
structure from FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0034] In the illustrative embodiments and figures, those elements
which are the same or have the same effects may each be provided
with the same reference signs. The illustrated elements and the
size ratios thereof should fundamentally not be regarded as true to
scale; on the contrary, individual elements may be illustrated as
being of exaggeratedly thick or large dimensions for greater
clarity of illustration and/or better understanding.
[0035] FIG. 1 shows a functional structure 1 by way of example. The
functional structure 1 can be or comprise an energy storage device
10 for storing energy, e.g. mechanical energy, or for converting or
transforming mechanical energy.
[0036] The structure 1 comprises at least one lattice cell 2. The
lattice cell 2 advantageously forms a cubic, rhombohedral,
hexagonal, cuboidal or cube-shaped elementary cell or lattice cell.
The lattice cell 2 comprises lattice nodes 3. The lattice cell 2
furthermore comprises lattice connecting elements 4 connecting the
lattice nodes 3. In accordance with the cubic or cube-shaped cell
geometry shown, the lattice cell 2 advantageously has eight lattice
nodes 3 and twelve lattice connecting elements 4 connecting the
lattice nodes in a regular arrangement.
[0037] The lattice cell 2 or structure 1 furthermore has a gyrating
mass 5. The gyrating mass 5 is connected to at least one of the
lattice connecting elements 3 by an arm 6 (cf. the arm shown in
solid lines). Instead of just one arm, the gyrating mass 5 can be
connected to a lattice node 3 by at least one further arm 6 (cf.
the arm illustrated in broken lines). By means of the number of
arms or the thickness or length of the arms 6, an oscillation
frequency, excitation frequency or natural frequency of the
oscillatory gyrating mass 5 can be set, for example. Variation of
the elasticity modulus of the arm and/or of the mass or density of
the gyrating mass 5 as a parameter can have the same effect.
[0038] In the case of an external oscillation or rotation
(indicated by an arrow cross in FIG. 1) which is undergone by the
structure 1, e.g. during the operation of a component 100 having
the functional structure 1 (cf. FIG. 2), the gyrating mass 5
advantageously stores mechanical oscillation or vibration energy W
by being deflected, mechanically moved or rotated relative to the
rest of the lattice cell 2. It is thereby advantageously possible
to prevent destruction of the entire component.
[0039] The lattice cell 2 can have a lattice constant C or edge
length of the lattice connecting elements 4 of at most 100 mm, for
example (in the case of a cubic lattice geometry). For example, the
cited lattice constant C can be 50 mm, advantageously 10 mm or
less, e.g. 5 mm or 1 mm or at least 0.5 mm.
[0040] The functional structure 1 as shown in FIG. 1 can be an
energy converter, which converts mechanical oscillation or
vibration energy, for example, acting on the structure 1 from the
outside, into kinetic and/or mechanical (oscillation or vibration
energy) of the gyrating mass 5. Depending on the embodiment of the
oscillatory system comprising the arm 6 and the gyrating mass 5,
the functional structure 1 may be used in some circumstances to
form an energy storage device, e.g. if the oscillation energy of
the gyrating mass 5 is converted back into some other form of
energy, e.g. heat, at a later point in time.
[0041] By way of example, FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of a
turbine 200 having a component 100 or turbine blade 20. The turbine
blade 20 has an airfoil (not designated explicitly). The airfoil
has a multiplicity of functional structures--similar to the
functional structure described individually in FIG. 1--as a damping
structure. The damping structures 1 or lattice cells 2 which the
turbine blade 20 in FIG. 2 has can in particular be designed to be
of the same type, to be similar and/or, alternatively, to be
dimensioned or assembled differently in respect of their natural
frequencies. Particularly the variable configuration of such
damping structures is possible in a simple manner by virtue of the
additive manufacture, in particular selective laser melting. For
example, the natural frequencies of the damping structure shown in
FIG. 2 can be graduated, i.e. each individual functional lattice
cell 2 of the structure 1 can have a different natural frequency
and thus absorption capacity for mechanical, in particular dynamic,
loads or energies. As a result, the bandwidth for the absorption of
mechanical energy and thus potentially destruction tolerance of the
turbine blade 20 is advantageously particularly large.
[0042] Moreover, the turbine blade 20 has a blade root, via which
the turbine blade is connected, for example, to a rotor or a rotor
disk (not designated explicitly) of the turbine 200.
[0043] In a profile view of the turbine blade 20, the functional
structure 1 comprising a multiplicity of lattice cells 2 can
furthermore be arranged circumferentially, thereby making it
possible to adapt an absorption capacity for dynamic external
influences to a mass profile of the component (in cross section),
for example.
[0044] As an alternative to the turbine blade 20 shown by way of
example, it is possible for generally rotating parts or any
oscillation- or vibration-generating components to be intended.
[0045] The invention is not restricted to the illustrative
embodiments by the description with reference to these but includes
each novel feature and any combination of features. In particular,
this includes any combination of features in the patent claims,
even if this feature or this combination is itself not explicitly
cited in the patent claims or illustrative embodiments.
* * * * *