U.S. patent application number 16/782694 was filed with the patent office on 2020-06-04 for modular enclosed transportation structure and integrated track assembly.
This patent application is currently assigned to Hyperloop Technologies, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is Hyperloop Technologies, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ali ZARAFSHAN.
Application Number | 20200172126 16/782694 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 62144306 |
Filed Date | 2020-06-04 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200172126 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ZARAFSHAN; Ali |
June 4, 2020 |
MODULAR ENCLOSED TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURE AND INTEGRATED TRACK
ASSEMBLY
Abstract
A modular structure, configured to be connectable with a
plurality of modular structures to form an enclosed transportation
path, each modular structure including a bottom element structured
and arranged to provide a track support surface and a plurality of
upper element attachment structures, and an upper element
configured to attach to the bottom element at the plurality of
upper element attachment structures, wherein the upper element is
structured to sealingly engage with the lower element.
Inventors: |
ZARAFSHAN; Ali; (Los
Angeles, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Hyperloop Technologies, Inc. |
Los Angeles |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Hyperloop Technologies,
Inc.
Los Angeles
CA
|
Family ID: |
62144306 |
Appl. No.: |
16/782694 |
Filed: |
February 5, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
15820663 |
Nov 22, 2017 |
10589756 |
|
|
16782694 |
|
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62471740 |
Mar 15, 2017 |
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62425749 |
Nov 23, 2016 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B61B 13/10 20130101;
E01B 2/00 20130101; E01B 29/32 20130101; E01B 25/00 20130101; B61B
13/08 20130101; E01B 25/30 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B61B 13/10 20060101
B61B013/10; E01B 29/32 20060101 E01B029/32; B61B 13/08 20060101
B61B013/08; E01B 2/00 20060101 E01B002/00; E01B 25/00 20060101
E01B025/00; E01B 25/30 20060101 E01B025/30 |
Claims
1. A modular structure, configured to be connectable with a
plurality of modular structures to form an enclosed transportation
path, each modular structure comprising: a bottom element
structured and arranged to provide a track support surface and a
plurality of upper element attachment structures; and an upper
element configured to attach to the bottom element at the plurality
of upper element attachment structures, wherein the upper element
is arranged to sealingly engage with the lower element.
2. The modular structure according to claim 1, wherein the bottom
element comprises: a first shell structured and arranged to form an
exterior wall of the bottom element; and a second shell structured
and arranged to form an interior wall of the enclosed
transportation path, wherein the second shell is spaced from the
first shell to provide a gap between the first shell and the second
shell.
3. The modular structure according to claim 2, wherein the bottom
element comprises a horizontal portion structured and arranged to
provide the track support surface, and two wing portions that
respectively project upwardly and outwardly from the horizontal
portion.
4. The modular structure according to claim 3, wherein the upper
element attachment structures are respectively arranged on the two
wing portions.
5. The modular structure according to claim 3, wherein the gap is
constant in the horizontal portion and constant in the wing
portions.
6. The modular structure according to claim 3, wherein the gap is
constant in the horizontal portion and varying in the wing
portions.
7. The modular structure according to claim 2, further comprising:
at least one support material arranged in the gap to secure the
first shell to the second shell.
8. The modular structure according to claim 7, wherein the at least
one support material arranged in the gap comprises at least two
support materials in the gap, and wherein two of the at least two
support materials are configured to each provide respective upper
element attachment structures.
9. The modular structure according to claim 8, wherein the
respective upper element attachment structures comprise a receiving
groove in each of the two of the at least two support materials,
wherein the receiving grooves are sized to accommodate respective
ends of the upper element in a sealingly-engaged manner.
10. The modular structure according to claim 8, wherein the bottom
element comprises a horizontal portion structured and arranged to
provide the track support surface, and two wing portions that
respectively project upwardly and outwardly from the horizontal
portion, and wherein the at least one support material additionally
comprises at least two support materials formed in the gap at the
respective transitions from the horizontal portion to the two wing
portions.
11. The modular structure according to claim 7, further comprising:
at least one filler material arranged in the gap to define areas
for forming the at least one support material.
12. The modular structure according to claim 7, wherein at least
one of the first shell and the second shell includes a plurality of
posts projecting therefrom and structured and arranged to contact
the support material to strengthen a connection between the support
material and the first and second shells.
13. The modular structure according to claim 7, wherein the second
shell includes a plurality holes formed therein that are structured
and arranged for connecting track supports and/or track elements to
the second shell.
14. The modular structure according to claim 1, further comprising
a transportation track arranged on the bottom element.
15. The modular structure of claim 1, the lower element further
comprising: at least one connection projection projecting from the
lower element in a transportation direction; and at least one
receiving hole configured to receive a corresponding projection
from an adjacently arranged modular structure, wherein the at least
one connection projection and the at least one receiving hole
permit the modular structure and the adjacently arranged modular
structure to connect in an aligned manner.
16. The modular structure of claim 1, the lower element further
comprising: at least one through hole projecting in a
transportation direction through a support material formed in the
lower element, wherein the at least one through hole is structured
and arranged to receive a tensioning cable so as to connect the
modular structure and an adjacently arranged modular structure in
an aligned manner.
17. The modular structure of claim 7, wherein the support material
comprises concrete.
18. A method of forming a modular structure, the method comprising:
forming a bottom element structured and arranged to provide a track
support surface and to provide a plurality of upper element
attachment structures; and forming an upper element structured to
attach to the bottom element at the plurality of upper element
attachment structures, wherein the upper element is configured to
sealingly engage with the lower element, wherein forming the bottom
element comprises: shaping a first shell and a second shell;
arranging the first shell relative to the second shell with a gap
there between; arranging at least one filler material in the gap to
define at least one space for arranging at least one support
material; supplying the at least one support material into the at
least one space; and hardening the support material to form at
least one support element in the gap that securely connects the
first shell to the second shell.
19. The method of forming a modular structure of claim 18, the
method further comprising removing the at least one filler material
from the gap subsequent to the hardening.
20. The method of forming a modular structure of claim 18, further
comprising attaching track elements to the bottom element.
21. A method of forming an enclosed transportation path comprising
a plurality of modular structures according to claim 1, the method
comprising: forming respective bottom elements at a first location;
transporting the respective bottom elements from the first location
to a job-site location; installing and connecting the respective
bottom elements to form a transportation path structure; installing
and/or connecting track segments of the respective bottom elements
to form a transportation track; and attaching respective upper
elements to respective bottom elements of the transportation path
structure at the job-site location to form the enclosed
transportation path.
22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the installing the
track segments of the respective bottom elements is performed prior
to the transporting the respective bottom elements from the first
location to the job-site location.
23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the transporting the
respective bottom elements from the first location to a job-site
location comprises transporting the respective bottom elements in a
nested manner.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation of U.S.
application Ser. No. 15/820,663, filed Nov. 22, 2017, which claims
the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/425,749, filed
Nov. 23, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/471,740,
filed Mar. 15, 2017, the contents of each of the above-noted
applications are expressly incorporated herein by reference in
their entireties.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
1. Field of the Disclosure
[0002] The present disclosure relates to an enclosed high-speed
transportation system, and more specifically, to a modular enclosed
"tube" transportation structure and integrated tube track assembly
for a high-speed transportation system.
2. Background of the Disclosure
[0003] Superstructure tube transportation systems may include solid
cylindrical tubes assembled on sliding connections (e.g., at an
interface with respective columns or pylons) and connected together
to form an enclosed (e.g., low-pressure environment) transportation
path environment. A levitation system is installed inside the tube
(e.g., in segments) after the tubes have been placed at their
positions and connected together. Constructing a transportation
system made of traditional cylindrical tube structures, however,
has limitations. For example, a tube structure made of steel has
several limitations, such as: larger diameter tubes requiring
specialized manufacture and a difficult and costly transportation
process; and confined space environments (and the increased
operational risks that come therewith).
[0004] One such limitation, for example, is due to the size of the
cylindrical tube itself. Large diameter cylindrical or elliptical
tubes can require specialized manufacturing processes (e.g.,
expensive rolling, welding and milling). Due to these specialized
manufacturing processes, there are a limited number of suppliers
that manufacture large diameter tubes. This may restrict the
locations where a transportation system that utilizes
pre-fabricated tubes can feasibly be built.
[0005] Additionally, transportation of these large diameter tubes
may be problematic due to the size and/or weight of the cylindrical
tube section itself. For example, long distance transportation of
large tubes may require specialized trucks and saddles.
Furthermore, many countries require permits to move large loads
and/or present a small number of available routes for transporting
the large tubes. In road transport, an oversize (overweight) load
is a load that exceeds the standard or ordinary legal size and/or
weight limits for a specified portion of road, highway or other
transport infrastructure. A vehicle that exceeds the legal
dimensions usually requires a special permit, which may require
extra fees to be paid in order for the oversize/overweight vehicle
to legally travel on the roadways. Roads may need to be blocked
during transportation, and transportation of large diameter tubes
may require pilot drivers. As such, with a large tube construction,
the possible locations for a transportation system may be limited.
Even if there is a supplier near a proposed development site so
that transportation costs are low, however, the tubes will still
present a large cost of the project and a barrier to feasible use
(e.g., on a cost basis).
[0006] Additionally, enclosed structures, such as cylindrical
tubes, present "confined space" environments. Workplaces may
contain areas that are considered "confined spaces," because they
are large enough for workers to enter and perform certain jobs,
have limited or restricted entry and/or exit routes, and are not
designed for continuous occupancy. OSHA uses the term
"permit-required confined space" (permit space) to describe a
confined space that has one or more of the following
characteristics: contains or has the potential to contain a
hazardous atmosphere; contains material that has the potential to
engulf an entrant; has walls or floors that taper into a smaller
area, which could trap or asphyxiate an entrant; and/or contains
any other recognized safety or health hazard.
[0007] Working within confined spaces, such as presented with a
tubular structure, can be hazardous (or otherwise dangerous) to
employees, which may lead to an increase in insurance and liability
costs, increases in operational risks (e.g., accidents, rescue,
etc.), and may pose additional health and safety risks. For
example, working in confined spaces may require additional training
and spotters or observers.
[0008] Additionally, the confined space environments of the tubular
structures may slow the rate of assembly. These confined space
environments of tubular structures present an additional limitation
of cylindrical tubular structures.
[0009] Also, the tubular transportation system may require inserts
as supports, which presents a tolerance issue. Large diameter tubes
may also require additional support systems in to maintain their
structural strength. Typically, support systems may include inserts
that are constructed to fit into the tube. Thus, if the inserts are
not constructed perfectly, the inserts will not fit properly into
the tube. Such issues present further limitations for
cost-effective use of cylindrical tubular structures.
[0010] Additionally, due to the circular inner shape of tubular
structures, the mounting of levitation and/or guide tracks systems
thereto (or therein) imposes significant constrains on construction
simplicity, which can slow production rate. For example, the curved
mounting surface of the interior of the cylindrical tube imposes
significant constrains on construction simplicity. As such, with a
tubular construction, track inserts are necessary to provide a
track support, which may require a complex extrusion process, and
may require painstaking positioning and installation. For example,
concrete inserts may require complex forming and/or molding
processes. Additionally, the inserts add significant non-structural
mass to the system. Inserts also may require curing, un-molding,
transportation, positioning, and installation. Furthermore, inserts
in the tubular structures may still require post-machining to
properly accommodate or house the tracks (e.g., arranged and
positioned in an aligned manner). Thus, the circular inner shape of
tubular structures presents another obstacle to cost-effective use
of cylindrical tubular structures.
[0011] Additionally, these limitations, for example, may be due to
dis-integrated installation (e.g., separate tube and track
installation) that may make installation and/or positioning times
unpractical for large-scale deployment. For example, separate
installation of track and tube increases installation and
positioning times and makes achieving the necessary tolerance a
highly impractical task. Moreover, achieving the required tolerance
may be a difficult task using standard construction methods.
[0012] Furthermore, alignment limitations of large-scale tubular
structures (e.g., difficultly of moving and aligning large heavy
tubes) may limit employment of the large-scale tubular
structures.
[0013] Thus, there is a need for an improved structures and
manufacturing methods for enclosed tube transportation
structures.
SUMMARY OF THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0014] The novel features which are characteristic of the
disclosure, both as to structure and method of operation thereof,
together with further aims and advantages thereof, will be
understood from the following description, considered in connection
with the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the
disclosure are illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly
understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of
illustration and description only, and they are not intended as a
definition of the limits of the disclosure.
[0015] The following detailed description illustrates by way of
example, not by way of limitation, the principles of the
disclosure. This description will clearly enable one skilled in the
art to make and use the disclosure, and describes several
embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives and uses of the
disclosure, including what is presently believed to be the best
mode of carrying out the disclosure. It should be understood that
the drawings are diagrammatic and schematic representations of
exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, and are not limiting of
the present disclosure nor are they necessarily drawn to scale.
[0016] The present disclosure is related to an enclosed modular
structure and a method for constructing the enclosed modular
structure. The enclosed modular structure may be capable of
sustaining an environment different from that external to the
enclosed modular structure.
[0017] The enclosed modular structure may include an upper element
and a lower element. The upper element may mateably interact with
the lower element. The lower element may include at least one
shell. For example, two shells of the lower element may be made out
of formed steel plates and cast in place concretes segments (e.g.,
without reinforcement) to provide vertical and lateral stiffness to
the structure. The upper element (or dome) may comprise a metal
sheet (e.g., a steel or aluminum sheet), a composite material, or
any other suitable material (e.g., that meets design
requirements).
[0018] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, in an
exemplary embodiment, the lower element of the modular structure
may be constructed off-site and later transported to where the
track is to be built. Due to the shape and size of the lower
element of the modular structure, and/or the stackability of the
lower element, transportation of the lower element is more
efficient than transportation of large diameter cylindrical tubes,
which require expensive trucks and/or expensive routes.
Additionally, by constructing the lower element at a shop (e.g.,
fabrication facility) off-site, higher-tolerances can be achieved.
Constructing with higher tolerances is important for long-distance
tracks where a small error can get multiplied over long
distances.
[0019] In accordance with further aspects of the disclosure, the
upper element may include a sheet (e.g., of metal) that can be
shaped on-site or off-site. Once both elements are on-site, the
enclosed modular structure may be assembled, for example, by: (1)
fixing the upper element to grooves within the lower element and
then permanently fixing the enclosed modular structure in the
transportation path, or (2) permanently fixing the lower element in
the transportation path and then attaching the upper element to the
grooves within the lower element (e.g., after the track
installation). In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, this
process decreases construction risks by eliminating confined
spaces.
[0020] Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a modular
structure, configured to be connectable with a plurality of modular
structures to form an enclosed transportation path. Each modular
structure comprises a bottom element structured and arranged to
provide a track support surface and a plurality of upper element
attachment structures, and an upper element configured to attach to
the bottom element at the plurality of upper element attachment
structures, wherein the upper element is arranged to sealingly
engage with the lower element.
[0021] In embodiments, the bottom element comprises a first shell
structured and arranged to form an exterior wall of the bottom
element, and a second shell structured and arranged to form an
interior wall of the enclosed transportation path. The second shell
is spaced from the first shell to provide a gap between the first
shell and the second shell.
[0022] In further embodiments, the bottom element comprises a
horizontal portion structured and arranged to provide the track
support surface, and two wing portions that respectively project
upwardly and outwardly from the horizontal portion.
[0023] In additional embodiments, the upper element attachment
structures are respectively arranged on the two wing portions.
[0024] In yet further embodiments, the gap is constant in the
horizontal portion and constant the wing portions.
[0025] In some embodiments, the gap is constant in the horizontal
portion and varying in the wing portions.
[0026] In further embodiments, the modular structure further
comprises at least one support material arranged in the gap to
secure the first shell to the second shell.
[0027] In additional embodiments, the at least one support material
arranged in the gap comprises at least two support materials in the
gap, and wherein two of the at least two support materials are
configured to each provide respective upper element attachment
structures.
[0028] In yet further embodiments, the plurality of upper element
attachment structures comprise a receiving groove in each of the
two of the at least two support materials, wherein the receiving
grooves are sized to accommodate respective ends of the upper
element in a sealingly-engaged manner.
[0029] In embodiments, the bottom element comprises a horizontal
portion structured and arranged to provide the track support
surface, and two wing portions that respectively project upwardly
and outwardly from the horizontal portion. The at least one support
material additionally comprises at least two support materials
formed in the gap at the respective transitions from the horizontal
portion to the two wing portions.
[0030] In further embodiments, the modular structure further
comprises at least one filler material arranged in the gap to
define areas for forming the at least one support material.
[0031] In additional embodiments, at least one of the first shell
and the second shell includes a plurality of posts projecting
therefrom and structured and arranged to contact the support
material to strengthen a connection between the support material
and the first and second shells.
[0032] In yet further embodiments, the second shell includes a
plurality holes formed therein that are structured and arranged for
connecting track supports and/or track elements to the second
shell.
[0033] In embodiments, modular structure further comprises a
transportation track arranged on the bottom element.
[0034] In further embodiments, the lower element further comprises
at least one connection projection projecting from the lower
element in a transportation direction, and at least one receiving
hole configured to receive a corresponding projection from an
adjacently arranged modular structure. The at least one connection
projection and the at least one receiving hole permit the modular
structure and the adjacently arranged modular structure to connect
in an aligned manner.
[0035] In additional embodiments, the lower element further
comprises at least one through hole projecting in a transportation
direction through a support material formed in the lower element.
The at least one through hole is structured and arranged to receive
a tensioning cable so as to connect the modular structure and an
adjacently arranged modular structure in an aligned manner.
[0036] In yet further embodiments, the modular structure further
comprises secondary tracks arranged the second shell adjacent the
upper element attachment structures.
[0037] In embodiments, the first shell, the second shell and the
upper element each are formed from a planar sheet of metal.
[0038] In further embodiments, the support material comprises
concrete.
[0039] Additional aspects of the present disclosure are directed to
a method of forming a modular structure. The method comprises
forming a bottom element structured and arranged to provide a track
support surface and to provide a plurality of upper element
attachment structures, and forming an upper element structured to
attach to the bottom element at the plurality of upper element
attachment structures, wherein the upper element is configured to
sealingly engage with the lower element. Forming the bottom element
comprises shaping a first shell and a second shell, arranging the
first shell relative to the second shell with a gap there between,
arranging at least one filler material in the gap to define at
least one space for arranging at least one support material,
supplying the at least one support material into the at least one
space, and hardening the support material to form at least one
support element in the gap that securely connects the first shell
to the second shell.
[0040] In embodiments, the method further comprises removing the at
least one filler material from the gap subsequent to the
hardening.
[0041] In further embodiments, the method further comprises
attaching track elements to the bottom element.
[0042] In additional embodiments, the first shell, the second shell
and the upper element each are formed from a planar sheet of
metal.
[0043] Further aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a
method of forming an enclosed transportation path comprising a
plurality of modular structures. The method comprises forming
respective bottom elements at a first location, transporting the
respective bottom elements from the first location to a job-site
location, installing and connecting the respective bottom elements
to form a transportation path structure, installing and/or
connecting track segments of the respective bottom elements to form
a transportation track, and attaching respective upper elements to
respective bottom elements of the transportation path structure at
the job-site location to form the enclosed transportation path.
[0044] In some embodiments, the installing the track segments of
the respective bottom elements is performed prior to the
transporting the respective bottom elements from the first location
to the job-site location.
[0045] In additional embodiments, the transporting the respective
bottom elements from the first location to a job-site location
comprises transporting the respective bottom elements in a nested
manner.
[0046] By implementing aspects of the disclosure, many benefits may
be achieved. Benefits of the disclosure include, for example:
decoupling external and internal element installation; eliminating
the need for special vessels (trucks and trailers) for
transportation of rolled large diameter tubes; lowering
installation cost by significant margin through eliminating
elevated precise track installation; removing or minimizing
confined space working environments; reducing specialized
installation procedures; and providing a modular fabrication and
construction solution that accelerates construction of the track
and transportation path and mitigates risks.
[0047] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, by eliminating
a circular tall and wide tube, it is possible to: uncouple
construction phases; remove "confined space" environment;
accelerate installation rate; increase ease of positioning
precision; allow for modular construction; enable large scale
construction; and/or impose least mass to system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0048] The novel features which are characteristic of the systems,
both as to structure and method of operation thereof, together with
further aims and advantages thereof, will be understood from the
following description, considered in connection with the
accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the system are
illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood,
however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and
description only, and they are not intended as a definition of the
limits of the disclosure. For a more complete understanding of the
disclosure, as well as other aims and further features thereof,
reference may be had to the following detailed description of the
embodiments of the disclosure in conjunction with the following
exemplary and non-limiting drawings wherein:
[0049] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary modular structure in accordance
with aspects of the disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 2 shows the lower element of the modular structure in
accordance with aspects of the disclosure;
[0051] FIG. 3 shows a close-up view of the connection between the
lower element and the upper element of the modular structure
including a first groove of the bottom element in accordance with
aspects of the disclosure;
[0052] FIG. 4 shows a substantially flat plate, which may be shaped
into either the first shell or the second shell of the bottom
element in accordance with aspects of the disclosure;
[0053] FIG. 5 shows a first surface of the second shell after the
second shell has been shaped, in accordance with aspects of the
disclosure;
[0054] FIG. 6 shows a second surface of the second shell in
accordance with aspects of the disclosure;
[0055] FIG. 7 shows the first shell arranged relative to (e.g.,
surrounding) the second shell in accordance with aspects of the
disclosure;
[0056] FIG. 8 shows the placement of the one or more filler
materials in between the first and second shells in accordance with
aspects of the disclosure;
[0057] FIG. 9 shows the placement of the one or more support
materials in between the first and second shells in accordance with
aspects of the disclosure;
[0058] FIG. 10 shows a view of the bottom element of the modular
structure after the support material is in place and connection
joints are set in accordance with aspects of the disclosure;
[0059] FIG. 11 shows the attachment of a plurality of pads to the
plurality of holes of the bottom element in accordance with aspects
of the disclosure;
[0060] FIG. 12 schematically depicts tracks that may be attached to
the plurality of pads of the bottom element in accordance with
aspects of the disclosure;
[0061] FIG. 13 shows an exemplary modular structure in accordance
with aspects of the disclosure;
[0062] FIG. 14 shows an exemplary modular structure in accordance
with aspects of the disclosure;
[0063] FIG. 15 shows an exemplary structure of combined modular
structures in accordance with aspects of the disclosure;
[0064] FIG. 16 shows an exemplary modular structure having conduits
in accordance with aspects of the disclosure;
[0065] FIGS. 17A and 17B show an exemplary modular structures
connected to form transportation paths in accordance with aspects
of the disclosure; and
[0066] FIG. 18 shows an exemplary flow diagram for assembling a
modular structure in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0067] In the following description, the various embodiments of the
present disclosure will be described with respect to the enclosed
drawings. As required, detailed embodiments of the embodiments of
the present disclosure are discussed herein; however, it is to be
understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of
the embodiments of the disclosure that may be embodied in various
and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale and
some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of
particular components. Therefore, specific structural and
functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as
limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one
skilled in the art to variously employ the present disclosure.
[0068] The particulars shown herein are by way of example and for
purposes of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the
present disclosure only and are presented in the cause of providing
what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood
description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the present
disclosure. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural
details of the present disclosure in more detail than is necessary
for the fundamental understanding of the present disclosure, such
that the description, taken with the drawings, making apparent to
those skilled in the art how the forms of the present disclosure
may be embodied in practice.
[0069] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the"
include the plural reference unless the context clearly dictates
otherwise. For example, reference to "a magnetic material" would
also indicate that mixtures of one or more magnetic materials can
be present unless specifically excluded. As used herein, the
indefinite article "a" indicates one as well as more than one and
does not necessarily limit its referent noun to the singular.
[0070] Except where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing
quantities used in the specification and claims are to be
understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about."
Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical
parameters set forth in the specification and claims are
approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties
sought to be obtained by embodiments of the present disclosure. At
the very least, and not to be considered as an attempt to limit the
application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the
claims, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of
the number of significant digits and ordinary rounding
conventions.
[0071] Additionally, the recitation of numerical ranges within this
specification is considered to be a disclosure of all numerical
values and ranges within that range (unless otherwise explicitly
indicated). For example, if a range is from about 1 to about 50, it
is deemed to include, for example, 1, 7, 34, 46.1, 23.7, or any
other value or range within the range.
[0072] As used herein, the terms "about" and "approximately"
indicate that the amount or value in question may be the specific
value designated or some other value in its neighborhood.
Generally, the terms "about" and "approximately" denoting a certain
value is intended to denote a range within .+-.5% of the value. As
one example, the phrase "about 100" denotes a range of 100.+-.5,
i.e. the range from 95 to 105. Generally, when the terms "about"
and "approximately" are used, it can be expected that similar
results or effects according to the disclosure can be obtained
within a range of .+-.5% of the indicated value.
[0073] As used herein, the term "and/or" indicates that either all
or only one of the elements of said group may be present. For
example, "A and/or B" indicates "only A, or only B, or both A and
B". In the case of "only A", the term also covers the possibility
that B is absent, i.e. "only A, but not B".
[0074] The term "substantially parallel" refers to deviating less
than 20.degree. from parallel alignment and the term "substantially
perpendicular" refers to deviating less than 20.degree. from
perpendicular alignment. The term "parallel" refers to deviating
less than 5.degree. from mathematically exact parallel alignment.
Similarly "perpendicular" refers to deviating less than 50 from
mathematically exact perpendicular alignment.
[0075] The term "at least partially" is intended to denote that the
following property is fulfilled to a certain extent or
completely.
[0076] The terms "substantially" and "essentially" are used to
denote that the following feature, property or parameter is either
completely (entirely) realized or satisfied or to a major degree
that does not adversely affect the intended result.
[0077] The term "comprising" as used herein is intended to be
non-exclusive and open-ended. Thus, for instance a composition
comprising a compound A may include other compounds besides A.
However, the term "comprising" also covers the more restrictive
meanings of "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of," so
that for instance "a composition comprising a compound A" may also
(essentially) consist of the compound A.
[0078] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be used
separately and in various combinations unless specifically stated
to the contrary.
[0079] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in a
high-speed transportation system, for example, as described in
commonly-assigned application Ser. No. 15/007,783, titled
"Transportation System," the contents of which are hereby expressly
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
[0080] While the specification describes particular embodiments of
the present disclosure, those of ordinary skill can devise
variations of the present disclosure without departing from the
inventive concept.
[0081] Exemplary embodiments described herein include components
for creating an enclosed or semi-enclosed modular "tube" structure.
It should be understood that the "tube" structure of the present
disclosure does not connote a cylindrical tube.
[0082] The enclosed modular structure may include a bottom element
and an upper element. The upper element may comprise a sheet (e.g.,
a flexible or deformable metal or composite sheet) with a first end
portion and a second end portion. In embodiments, the sheet may be
flexible such that the upper element may be roller or bent, for
example. A first side end of the upper element may be mateably
interact with one of the two or more grooves of the lower element
and a second side end of the upper element may be mateably interact
with another of the two or more grooves of the lower element.
[0083] The bottom (or lower) element may include a first shell and
a second shell comprising metal sheets. In an exemplary embodiment,
the lower element may include a first shell and a second shell. The
second shell may be placed approximately inside the first shell.
The first shell and the second shell may be separated by a gap. For
example, the second shell may be arranged relative to the top of
the first shell, with a gap in between the first and second
shells.
[0084] The first and second shells may include a planar middle
portion and one or more wing portions angled with respect to the
planar middle portion. In embodiments, the wing portions may be of
constant or tapered thickness.
[0085] The gap between the first and second shells (or portions
thereof) may be filled by one or more filler materials and one or
more support elements. In embodiments, the gap may be filled by one
or more materials including: one or more support elements and one
or more filler materials. The one or more support elements may be
concrete. The one or more support elements may be used to maintain
a static gap in between the first and second shells. The filler
materials may not necessarily be structurally stiff. In accordance
with aspects of the disclosure, the filler materials may be used to
shape and construct the support element.
[0086] In embodiments, the filler materials and the support
materials may be continuous or segmented. In an exemplary and
non-limiting embodiment, the support elements may be located at or
approximate the terminal ends of the wing portions and portions
opposite or away from the planar middle portion.
[0087] Some of the support elements may include one or more
grooves. As described above, the one or more grooves may be
configured to mateably accept the first and second end portions of
the upper element. In an exemplary embodiment, the lower element
may include two or more grooves. The two or more grooves may be
located on an upper portion of the lower element. The two or more
grooves may be configured to mateably accept one or more end
portions of the upper element.
[0088] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the modular
structures are configured to be connected together to one another
to form an enclosed transportation path structure for a
transportation vehicle. The enclosed transportation path structure
may maintain an environment different from that external to the
enclosed modular structure. The enclosed modular structure, for
example, may be capable of sustaining a temperature, a pressure,
and/or any other condition or combination thereof, different from
that of the environment external to the enclosed modular
structure.
[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, the modular structure may
include one or more track modules. The track modules may be affixed
onto a surface of the second shell of the lower element. In
accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the track modules may be
affixed to the planar middle portion of the lower element.
[0090] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary partial modular structure 100 in
accordance with aspects of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the
modular structure 100 may include a lower element 101 and one or
more upper elements 102 (only one shown). As shown in FIG. 1, ends
of the upper element 102 may be inserted into grooves of the lower
element 101 and secured thereto (e.g., using welding, fasteners,
and/or seals) to form the modular structure 100. In an exemplary
embodiment, the bottom element 101 may be formed in 5 meter
sections, with other lengths contemplated by the disclosure.
[0091] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, a plurality of
modular structures 100 may be connected end-to-end to form the
transportation path. As should be understood, while the modular
structures 100 are not enclosed themselves (as they have openings
on each side), when a plurality of modular structures 100 are
connected together (and provided appropriate sealing structures on
respective ends, e.g., air locks), the connected plurality of
modular structures 100 are operable to provide an enclosed
transportation path. In accordance with aspects of the disclosure,
the enclosed transportation path is operable to provide a different
environment (e.g., a low pressure environment) there within.
[0092] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the modular
structures 100 are designed to handle a majority of expansion
stresses (e.g., due to thermal expansion) within the modular
structure 100 itself (e.g., between connections between the modular
structures 100). It should be understood that the connections
between the tube and column elements can and will dissipate thermal
stressed too.
[0093] As shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the upper
element 102 may be formed as a semi-circular (or semi-elliptical),
semi-cylindrical element (e.g., from a flat metal plate). Although
the upper element 102 is shown as having a semi-circular (or
semi-elliptical), semi-cylindrical shape, in contemplated
embodiments, the upper element may include alternative
configurations such as, but not limited to, a trapezoid shape, a
rectangular shape, an elliptical shape, or other geometric shapes.
In further contemplated embodiments, the upper element may comprise
a steel, composite material, reinforced polymer, and/or a tensioned
material.
[0094] As further shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the
upper element 102 may be sized (e.g., formed and/or shape) to be
approximately one-half the length of the lower element 101 (in a
longitudinal or transportation direction). Thus, as shown in the
partial modular structure 100 of FIG. 1, the lower element 101 is
configured to accommodate two upper elements 102, which may be
connected (e.g., welded and/or fastened) to the lower element 101,
and connected (e.g., welded) to each other to form a modular
structure. In further contemplated embodiments, the upper elements
102 may be offset from the lower elements 101, such that a single
upper element 102 spans between two adjacently arranged lower
elements 101.
[0095] FIG. 2 shows the lower element 101 of the modular structure
in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. In embodiments, the
bottom element 101 may include one or more shells (e.g., an outer
shell 221, and an inner shell 222), one or more filler materials
(e.g., filler materials 211, 212, 213, 214) arranged (e.g.,
temporarily) between the outer shell 221 and inner shell 222, and
one or more support elements (e.g., support elements 201, 202, 203,
204, and 205) arranged between the outer shell 221 and inner shell
222. In an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the inner and
outer shells and the upper element may each be formed from metal
plates (e.g., steel plates) having a thickness of approximately
3/8'', in order to minimize mass, while providing sufficient
strength and stiffness.
[0096] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, by utilizing
the modular structure of the present disclosure, significant weight
savings can be achieved. For example, with an exemplary embodiment
of the present disclosure, the modular structure has a linear mass
of approximately 3,450 kg/m. In contrast, a conventional circular
diameter steel tube has a linear mass of approximately 5,700 kg/m.
As such, by utilizing the modular structure of the present
disclosure, significant weight savings, and thus costs, can be
achieved. Additionally, in embodiments, the density of the concrete
(which may be used to form the support materials or support
elements) can be changed or adjusted to reduce mass of the
system.
[0097] As shown in FIG. 2, in an exemplary embodiment, the outer
and inner shells 221, 222 may each include a planar middle portion
250 and two wing portions 255. The wing portions 255 may be of
constant or tapered thickness. For example, as shown in the
exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2, the wing portions 255 have a
tapered thickness. In accordance with aspects of the disclosure,
the second shell 222 may be arranged relative to the first shell
(e.g., placed adjacent to the first shell 221), with a gap in
between the first and second shells. As shown in the exemplary and
non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 2, the wing portions 255 are
tapered in that the gap separation between the first shell 221 and
second shell 222 is variable along a length of the wing portions
255.
[0098] As illustrated in the exemplary depiction of FIG. 2, a
combination of filler materials and/or support elements may be
used, such as a first filler 211, a second filler 212, a third
filler 213, a fourth filler 214 and a first support element 201, a
second support element 202, a third support element 203, a fourth
support element 204, fifth support element 205, and any combination
thereof. While the exemplary depiction of FIG. 2 utilizes four
filler materials and five support elements, it should be understood
that the disclosure contemplates that any combination of filler
materials and support elements may be used.
[0099] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the filler
materials and the support elements may be arranged in between the
first shell 221 and second shell 222. The one or more support
elements 201, 202, 203, 204, and 205 may maintain (or aid in
maintaining) the second shell 222 at a fixed distance relative to
the first shell 221 and provide support to the lower element of the
modular structure 100. The one or more support elements 201, 202,
203, 204, and 205 may include concrete or any other suitable
material.
[0100] In embodiments, the support material may be concrete,
reinforced concrete (e.g., with rebars), epoxy, a composite
material of concrete and a fiber-reinforced polymer. In
embodiments, the concrete may be pre-stressed. In some embodiments,
rebars may be utilized in each section (e.g., each modular lower
element 101).
[0101] In embodiments, the one or more filler materials 211, 212,
213, 214 may comprise a plastic or foam and may be very light
and/or may lack structural stiffness. In accordance with aspects of
the disclosure, the one or more filler materials 211, 212, 213, 214
may confine the one or more support elements 201, 202, 203, 204,
and 205 during formation to predetermined locations between the
first and second shells 221, 222. For example, in some contemplated
embodiments, the sole function of the filler materials is to
confine, e.g., cementitious volume materials during solidification
thereof.
[0102] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the filler
materials 211, 212, 213, 214 may be arranged between the first
shell 221 and second shell 222, such that the filler materials 211,
212, 213, 214, the first shell 221, and second shell 222 define
spaces for forming therein the one or more support elements 201,
202, 203, 204, and 205. Thus, once the filler materials 211, 212,
213, 214 are arranged between the first shell 221 and second shell
222, such that the filler materials 211, 212, 213, 214, the first
shell 221, and second shell 222 define spaces, support element
material (e.g., concrete, epoxy) may be arranged (e.g., poured)
into the defined spaces so as to form the one or more support
elements 201, 202, 203, 204, and 205. In embodiments, once the
support elements 201, 202, 203, 204, and 205 solidify (e.g.,
harden, set, and/or cure), the filler materials 211, 212, 213, 214
may be removed from the structure. In other contemplated
embodiments, the filler materials 211, 212, 213, 214 may remain
after the support elements 201, 202, 203, 204, and 205 solidify
(e.g., harden, set, and/or cure). For example, in embodiments where
the filler materials 211, 212, 213, 214 remain, the filler
materials 211, 212, 213, 214 may also be utilized to provide
insulation and/or vibration noise reduction.
[0103] As shown with the exemplary depiction of FIG. 2, the first
filler 211 material may be may be located substantially in the gap
in between one of the wing portion 255 of the first and second
shells 221, 222 and the fourth filler 214 material may be located
substantially in the gap in between the other wing portion 255 of
the first and second shells 221, 222. The second support element
202 may be placed (e.g., poured or arranged) in between the first
filler 211 and second filler 212 materials arranged at the
intersection of the wing portion 255 and the planar portion 250.
The third support element 203 may be placed in between the second
212 and the third 213 filler materials, e.g., approximately at the
center between tracks 233, 234. The fourth support element 204 may
be formed (or placed) in between the third 213 and fourth 214
filler materials arranged at the intersection of the other wing
portion 255 and the planar portion 250. The support elements 201,
202, 203, 204, and 205 and the filler materials may be
longitudinally placed within the gap in between the first and
second shells 221, 222. In embodiments, the support elements 201,
202, 203, 204, and 205 may be continuous or segmented, or any
combination thereof.
[0104] As shown in FIG. 2, the first support element 201 may
include a first groove 241 and the fifth support element 205 may
include a second groove 242. The first groove 241 and second groove
242 are provided to accommodate the respective ends of the upper
elements 102 (e.g., see FIG. 1).
[0105] As further shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the support
element 201 may be formed to include one or more connection posts
260 structured and arranged for facilitating an aligned connection
between adjacent modular sections 100. While not shown in FIG. 2,
the other end of the first support element 201 may include a
corresponding insertion hole structured and arranged for receiving
a connection post 260 from an adjacent modular section 100 therein.
In embodiments, a connection post 260 (and corresponding receiving
hole, which is not shown) may be formed when forming the support
element 201. While the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2 only depicts
one connection post 260, the disclosure contemplates that other
support elements (e.g., support elements 202, 203, 204, and/or 205)
may also include a connection post 260 (and corresponding receiving
holes on opposite ends thereof).
[0106] Additionally, in other contemplated embodiments, one or more
through holes may additionally be formed (e.g., at the approximate
location of the connection post 260, or adjacent thereto) that
traverses the support element 201 from one side to the other. In
embodiments, the hole may be formed by arranging a pipe or conduit
structure relative to the first and second shells 221, 222 prior to
forming the support element 201, and optionally removing the pipe
or conduit structure prior to concrete hardening, so as to form the
through hole. Once a plurality of modular structures are aligned
relative to one another, one or more wires or cables (e.g., steel
cable), for example, may be passed though the respective through
holes and tensioned so as to secure the adjacent modular structures
to one another. In further contemplated embodiments, the one or
more through hoes may be used for accommodating communication
cables, power cables, etc. While the exemplary discussed embodiment
only describes one through hole, the disclosure contemplates that
other support elements (e.g., support elements 202, 203, 204,
and/or 205) may also include through holes.
[0107] FIG. 3 shows a close-up view of the connection between the
bottom element 101 and the upper (or top) element 102 of the
modular structure 100 including a first groove 241 of the first
support element 201 of the bottom element 101 in accordance with
aspects of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, a first side (or
end) of the upper element 102 is configured to mateably fit into
the first groove 241. A second side of the upper element 102 is
configured to mateably fit into the second groove 242 (as shown in
FIG. 1). Once arranged in the respective grooves 241, 242 of the
lower element 101, the upper element 102 may be secured thereto
via, e.g., welding, fasteners, and/or adhesive. Additionally, in
embodiments, a sealing material (e.g., elastomeric sealing
material) may be arranged in the first groove 241 and the second
groove 242 to assist in providing a sealed connection between the
lower element 101 and the upper element 102. As shown in FIG. 3, in
embodiments, the first groove 241 (and the second groove 242) may
each include one or more welding start spots 305, which are
provided to allow access (e.g., for a robot welder) for welding the
seam between two adjacently arranged upper elements 102. As should
be understood, depending on how the upper elements 102 are arranged
on the lower elements 101 (e.g., aligned as depicted in FIG. 1 or
offset, as discussed above), the one or more welding start spots
305 may be arranged (or formed) in different positions (e.g., where
a seam between two upper elements 102 is arranged).
[0108] FIG. 4 shows a substantially flat plate 401, which may be
shaped into either the first shell 221 or the second shell 222 of
the bottom element 101 (as shown in FIG. 2) in accordance with
aspects of the disclosure.
[0109] FIG. 5 shows a first side surface 505 of the second shell
222 after the second shell 222 has been shaped from the
substantially flat plate 401 (see FIG. 4) in accordance with
aspects of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, the second shell 222
may include a plurality of holes 501. In accordance with aspects of
the disclosure, the plurality of holes 501 may be used to attach
objects to the second shell 222.
[0110] FIG. 6 shows a second side surface 605 of the second shell
222 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. As shown in FIG.
6, the second shell 222 may include, along with the plurality of
holes 501, a plurality of shear stud arrangements 601, which may be
attached via welding, for example. In accordance with aspects of
the disclosure, the shear studs of the shear stud arrangements 601
may be utilized to provide a more secure connection to the concrete
of the support elements (e.g., by increasing a surface area of
contact to the concrete). While FIG. 6 illustrates the plurality of
shear stud arrangements 601 along the edges of the planar middle
portion, it should be understood that shear studs may be arranged
adjacent wherever the support elements will be located (e.g., in
other shear stud arrangement areas 610). Additionally, while the
exemplary embodiment depicts the shear stud arrangements 601
arranged on the second shell 222, it should be understood that the
disclosure contemplates shear stud arranged (e.g., alternatively or
additionally) on the first shell 221.
[0111] FIG. 7 shows the first shell 221 arranged relative to (e.g.,
surrounding) the second shell 222 in accordance with aspects of the
disclosure. The second surface 605 of the second shell 222 is
arranged to face the first shell 221. When constructing the modular
structure 100, the first and second shells 221, 222, for example,
may be placed vertically in a pre-casting facility. The pre-casting
facility may be configured to arrange the first and second shells
221, 222 with the proper spacing there between for forming the
filler materials and support materials there between.
[0112] FIG. 8 shows the placement (or arrangement) of the one or
more filler materials 211, 212, 213, 214 in between the first and
second shells 221, 222 in accordance with aspects of the
disclosure. As should be understood, the placement of the filler
materials 211, 212, 213, 214 may be performed manually and/or in an
automated fashion using appropriate material handlers (e.g.,
robots).
[0113] FIG. 9 shows the placement of the one or more support
materials 201 202, 203, 204, and 205 in between the first and
second shells 221, 222 in accordance with aspects of the
disclosure. For example, after the one or more filler materials
211, 212, 213, 214 are placed, one or more support materials 201
202, 203, 204, and 205 may be poured into the spaces defined
between the second shell 222, the first shell 221, and the one or
more filler materials 211, 212, 213, 214, as shown in FIG. 9. The
support material may then harden and/or solidify, which may form
one or more support elements 201, 202, 203, 204, 205. The one or
more support elements may include a first support element 201 and a
fifth support element 205, or any number of support elements. The
support elements may be separate, continuous, integrated, coupled,
or otherwise arranged with one or more other support elements. The
first support element 201 may be shaped (e.g., using an
appropriately formed mold and/or post concrete-forming subtractive
manufacturing) to include the first groove 241, and the fifth
support element 205 may be shaped to include the second groove 242.
In accordance with aspects of the manufacturing process of the
present disclosure, in embodiments, external forming and molding is
limited to grouting grooves 241, 242 and welding pockets 305.
[0114] FIG. 10 shows a view of the bottom element 101 of the
modular structure after the support material is solidified in place
to form the support elements 201, 202, 203, 204, 205 in accordance
with aspects of the disclosure.
[0115] FIG. 11 depicts the attachment of a plurality of pads 1101
to the plurality of holes (not shown) of second shell 222 of the
bottom element 101 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. In
accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the plurality of pads
1101 may provide clearance between the second shell 222 and one or
more track modules (e.g., magnetic track modules) (as shown in FIG.
12). In embodiments, the plurality of pads 1101 may be magnetically
neutral. In embodiments, the pads 1101 may comprise an elastomeric
material. While the exemplary and non-limiting embodiment of FIG.
11 shows a plurality of pads (e.g., five pads 1101) aligned in two
rows, it should be understood that the plurality of pads 1101 may
be configured in any suitable configuration.
[0116] FIG. 12 schematically depicts tracks that may be attached to
the plurality of pads 1101 of the bottom element 101 in accordance
with aspects of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 12, a first track
module may include a first set of tracks 233, 234 that may be
attached to the plurality of pads. In embodiments, the first set of
tracks 233, 234 may be magnetic (or include magnetic elements) for
propulsion and/or levitation of a vehicle in the transportation
system. As shown in FIG. 12, a second track module may include a
second set of tracks 231, 232 that may be attached to the first
surface of the second shell 222, on top of the wing portions 255 of
the second shell 222. In accordance with aspects of the disclosure,
the second set of tracks 231, 232 may provide a dedicated track
system for guiding the vehicle (wherein the first set of tracks
233, 234 may be configured for propulsion and/or levitation).
Providing a dedicated track system (e.g., in a separate special or
dedicated plane) for guiding the vehicle may provide for improved
operational banking and/or junction design (e.g., at a "Y" junction
of transportation paths).
[0117] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, at this point
in the construction process, the lower element 101 of the modular
structure 100 may be transported to a work site where multiple
lower elements 101 may be combined to form an integrated structure.
In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, at this stage of
construction, the integrated structure of the multiple lower
elements 101 is an open structure that does not present confined
spaces. Thus, in this stage, pre-installed tracks may be connected
to tracks of adjacent lower elements while not presenting a
confined space environment. In other contemplated embodiments
(e.g., without fully installed tracks in the lower elements), at
this stage tracks may be installed (or installation may be
completed) and the tracks may be connected to tracks of adjacent
lower elements while not presenting a confined space environment.
The upper element 102 (or a plurality of upper elements 102) of the
modular structure 100 may then be formed and placed on the lower
element 101 and fixed to the first and second grooves 241, 242, as
shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0118] In other contemplated embodiments, upper element 102 (or a
plurality of upper elements 102) of the modular structure 100 may
be installed on the lower element 101 prior to track installation
completion. In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, in
embodiments, the upper element 102 may be formed by bending a sheet
of metal (and not by cutting a tubular segment from a formed
cylindrical tube). As such, with the modular tube structure of the
present disclosure, preformed cylindrical tubular structures are
not necessary, and in accordance with aspects of the disclosure,
the numerous drawbacks of using preformed cylindrical tubular
structures in an enclosed environment transportation system can be
avoided.
[0119] Although the upper element 102 is shown as having a
semi-circular (or semi-elliptical), semi-cylindrical shape, in
contemplated embodiments, the upper element may include alternative
configurations such as, but not limited to, a trapezoid shape, a
rectangular shape, an elliptical shape, or other geometric shapes.
In further contemplated embodiments, the upper element may comprise
a steel, composite material, reinforced polymer, and/or a tensioned
material.
[0120] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, by
constructing an exemplary embodiment of the lower element at a
facility off-site, higher-tolerances may be achieved. Constructing
with higher tolerances is important for long-distance tracks where
a small error can get multiplied over long distances.
[0121] By implementing aspects of the disclosure, the circular tube
constraint is eliminated, the construction phases can be uncoupled,
the confined spaces can be eliminated, installation times can be
accelerated, positioning precision can be increased, large scale
construction is enabled, a least-mass-to-system is imposed on the
system, and modular construction is achieved.
[0122] FIG. 13 shows an exemplary modular structure 1300 in
accordance with aspects of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 13, the
modular structure 1300 may include a lower element 1301 and one an
upper element 1302. As shown in FIG. 13, ends of the upper element
1302 may be inserted into grooves of the support elements 1320 of
the lower element 1301 and secured thereto (e.g., using welding,
fasteners, and/or seals) to form the modular structure 1300. In an
exemplary embodiment, the bottom element 1301 may be formed in 5
meter sections, with other lengths contemplated by the disclosure.
In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, a plurality of
modular structures 1300 may be connected end-to-end to form the
transportation path.
[0123] As further shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 13, the
upper element 1302 may be sized (e.g., formed and/or shape) to be
approximately the same length of the lower element 1301 (in a
longitudinal or transportation direction). Thus, as shown in the
modular structure 1300 of FIG. 13, the lower element 1301 is
configured to accommodate one upper element 1302, which may be
connected (e.g., welded and/or fastened) to the lower element 1301.
As shown in FIG. 13, the upper element 1302 may include one or more
circumferential ribs 1310 (e.g., three ribs 1310) to provide
increased structural integrity to the upper element 1302. In
embodiments, the ribs 1310 may be welded to the upper element after
the upper element 1302 is formed and attached to the lower element
1301. Additionally, in embodiments, the ribs 1310 may also be
attached to the lower element 1301 (e.g., fastened and/or welded to
the lower element 1301).
[0124] As shown in FIG. 13, the lower element 1301 includes a
planar middle portion 1350 and two wing portions 1355. With this
exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the wing portions 1355 have
a constant thickness. As shown in FIG. 13, the wing portions 1355
are not tapered such that the gap separation between the first
shell 1321 and second shell 1322 is approximately constant along a
length of the wing portions 1355. In accordance with aspects of the
disclosure, with such a construction and structure, (e.g., the
first shell 1321 and second shell 1322 having the same approximate
shape) the lower elements 1301 may be more efficiently nested
during transportation and/or storage. As shown in FIG. 13, with
embodiments including the wing portions 1355 having a constant
thickness, no region may be provided on the support elements 1320
on top of the wing portions 1355 of the second shell for a second
set of tracks (e.g., guidance tracks).
[0125] As further shown in FIG. 13, with this exemplary embodiment,
the lower element 1301 includes framing members 1305 (or
stiffeners) between the first shell 1321 and second shell 1322 in
both the planar middle portion 1350 and two wing portions 1355. In
an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the framing members 1305
(or stiffeners) may have a thickness of approximately 0.5''. In
embodiments, the framing members 1305 may be attached to (e.g.,
welded to) the first shell 1321 and/or the second shell 1322. In
embodiments, the framing members 1305 may be structured and
arranged to provide structural strength, support and/or redundancy
to the lower element 1301. Additionally, in embodiments, the
framing members 1305 may be used to properly space the first shell
1321 and the second shell 1322 during formation of the lower
element 1302. In some contemplated embodiments, the framing members
1305 may be utilized in lieu of (or in addition to) the
above-described filler materials to form the support elements 1315,
1320.
[0126] FIG. 14 shows an exemplary modular structure 1400 in
accordance with aspects of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 14, the
modular structure 1500 includes a lower element 1401 and one an
upper element 1402. As shown in FIG. 14, ends of the upper element
1302 may be inserted into grooves of the support elements 1420 of
the lower element 1401 and secured thereto (e.g., using welding,
fasteners, and/or seals) to form the modular structure 1400. In an
exemplary embodiment, the bottom element 1401 may be formed in 5
meter sections, with other lengths contemplated by the disclosure.
In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, a plurality of
modular structures 1400 may be connected end-to-end to form the
transportation path.
[0127] As further shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 14, the
upper element 1402 may be sized (e.g., formed and/or shape) to be
approximately the same length of the lower element 1401 (in a
longitudinal or transportation direction). Thus, as shown in the
modular structure 1400 of FIG. 14, the lower element 1401 is
configured to accommodate one upper element 1402, which may be
connected (e.g., welded and/or fastened) to the lower element 1401.
As shown in FIG. 14, the upper element 1402 may include one or more
circumferential ribs 1410 (e.g., two ribs 1410) to provide
increased structural integrity and stiffness to the upper element
1402. In embodiments, the ribs 1410 may be welded to the upper
element after the upper element 1402 is formed and attached to the
lower element 1401. Additionally, in embodiments, the ribs 1410 may
also be attached to the lower element 1401 (e.g., fastened and/or
welded to the lower element 1401).
[0128] As shown in FIG. 14, the lower element 1401 includes a
planar middle portion 1450 and two wing portions 1455. With this
exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the wing portions 1455 have
a tapered thickness. As shown in FIG. 14, the wing portions 1455
are tapered such that the gap separation between the first shell
1421 and second shell 1422 is varied along a length of the wing
portions 1455. As shown in FIG. 14, with embodiments including the
wing portions 1455 having a tapered thickness, a region may be
provided on the support elements 1420 on top of the wing portions
1455 of the second shell for a second set of tracks (e.g., guidance
tracks).
[0129] As further shown in FIG. 14, with this exemplary embodiment,
the lower element 1401 includes framing members 1405 between the
first shell 1421 and second shell 1422 in both the planar middle
portion 1450 and two wing portions 1455. In embodiments, the
framing members 1405 may be attached to (e.g., welded to) the first
shell 1421 and/or the second shell 1422. In embodiments, the
framing members 1405 may be structured and arranged to provide
structural strength, support and/or redundancy to the lower element
1401. Additionally, in embodiments, the framing members 1405 may be
used to properly space the first shell 1421 and the second shell
1422 during formation of the lower element 1402. In some
contemplated embodiments, the framing members 1405 may be utilized
in lieu of (or in addition to) the above-described filler materials
to form the support elements 1415, 1420.
[0130] FIG. 15 shows an exemplary modular structure 1500 in
accordance with aspects of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 15, the
modular structure 1500 may include a lower element 1501 and one an
upper element 1502. With the exemplary modular structure 1500, this
may be a single lower element 1501 and a single upper element 1502,
or a plurality of respective lower elements 1501 and upper elements
1502 connected together to form the modular structure 1500 having a
length (e.g., a span length). In a contemplated exemplary
embodiment, a span length may be approximately 40 meters. As shown
in FIG. 15, ends of the upper element 1502 may be inserted into
grooves of the support elements 1520 of the lower element 1501 and
secured thereto (e.g., using welding, fasteners, and/or seals) to
form the modular structure 1500. In accordance with aspects of the
disclosure, a plurality of modular structures 1500 may be connected
end-to-end to form the transportation path.
[0131] As further shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 15, the
upper element 1502 may be sized (e.g., formed and/or shape) to be
approximately the same length of the lower element 1501 (in a
longitudinal or transportation direction). Thus, as shown in the
modular structure 1500 of FIG. 15, the lower element 1501 is
configured to accommodate one upper element 1502, which may be
connected (e.g., welded and/or fastened) to the lower element 1501.
As shown in FIG. 15, the upper element 1502 may include one or more
circumferential ribs 1510 to provide increased structural integrity
to the upper element 1502. In embodiments, the ribs (e.g., external
weldments or stiffeners) 1510 may be welded to the upper element
after the upper element 1502 is formed and attached to the lower
element 1501. Additionally, in embodiments, the ribs 1510 may also
be attached to the lower element 1501 (e.g., fastened and/or welded
to the lower element 1501).
[0132] As shown in FIG. 15, the lower element 1501 includes a
planar middle portion 1550 and two wing portions 1555. With this
exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the wing portions 1555 have
a constant thickness. As shown in FIG. 15, the wing portions 1555
are not tapered such that the gap separation between the first
shell 1521 and second shell 1522 is approximately constant along a
length of the wing portions 1555.
[0133] As further shown in FIG. 15, with this exemplary embodiment,
the lower element 1501 includes framing members 1505 between the
first shell 1521 and second shell 1522 in both the planar middle
portion 1550 and two wing portions 1555. In embodiments, the
framing members 1505 may be attached to (e.g., welded to) the first
shell 1521 and/or the second shell 1522. In embodiments, the
framing members 1505 may be structured and arranged to provide
structural strength, support and/or redundancy to the lower element
1501. Additionally, in embodiments, the framing members 1505 may be
used to properly space the first shell 1521 and the second shell
1522 during formation of the lower element 1502.
[0134] The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 15, was used to study the
structural performance of the modular structure 1500 under
conditions including gravity (self-weight) loading, extreme wind
speed (e.g., 96 mph) loading, and low pressure inside
environment/atmospheric pressure outside environment (combined with
gravity loading). The analysis used a span length of 40 meters
(which may be a maximum economical length of construction), assumed
a span is directly adjacent to fixity, and located 10 meters above
the ground (e.g., to represent maximum expected wind pressure).
[0135] As performance criteria, in order to have a unified
deflection criterion, the deflection was normalized to the length
of the span. Thus, deflection per length (e.g., A/L) due to the
above conditions was measured, using Von Misses stress state
criterion. With respect to the gravity analysis, the absolute
deflection under self-weight was .about.5 mm, which corresponds to
a A/L of .about. 1/8000, with a maximum stress of .about.70 MPa.
With respect to the wind analysis, the absolute deflection due to
wind was .about.6.5 mm, which corresponds to a A/L of .about.
1/6200, with a maximum stress of .about.390 MPa. Under current
standards for transportation systems, a maximum allowable
deflection is 19 mm.
[0136] With respect to the pressure analysis, the absolute
deflection under vacuum was .about.70 mm for the outer shell and
.about.30 mm for the inner shell, which corresponds to a A/L of
.about. 1/1300, with a maximum stress of .about.400 MPa. In
accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the outer shell is
structured and arranged to permit deflection thereof without
affecting (or without impeding) the deflection of the inner shell,
which may deflect to a different extent.
[0137] FIG. 16 shows an exemplary modular structure 1600 in
accordance with aspects of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 16, one
or more through holes 1665 may be formed that traverse the support
element 1620 from one side to the other. In embodiments, the hole
1665 may be formed by arranging a pipe or conduit structure
relative to the first and second shells 1621, 1622 prior to forming
the support elements 1620, and optionally removing the pipe or
conduit structure prior to, e.g., concrete hardening, so as to form
the through hole 1665. Once a plurality of modular structures 1600
are aligned relative to one another, one or more wires or cables
(e.g., steel cable), for example, may be passed though the
respective through holes 1665 and tensioned (e.g., post-tensioned)
so as to secure the adjacent modular structures 1600 to one
another.
[0138] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, by utilizing
post-tensioning with the modular structures, longer span lengths
become more economically feasible. For example, utilizing
post-tensioning reduces labor and material costs for the
sub-structures. Additionally, post-tensioning allows developing
positive camber in the spans prior to installation. Thus, in
accordance with aspects of the disclosure, with post-tensioning it
is possible to achieve a zero-deflection profile under self-weight.
Additionally, post-tensioning with the modular structures increases
stiffness and increases the frequency of the system.
[0139] In further contemplated embodiments, the one or more through
holes 1665 may be used for accommodating communication cables,
power cables, etc. While the exemplary discussed embodiment only
describes through holes 1665 in support elements 1620, the
disclosure contemplates that other support elements (e.g., support
elements 1615 and/or 1625) may also include through holes 1665.
[0140] While the depicted exemplary embodiments include a modular
structure for forming an enclosed transportation path, the
disclosure contemplates a modular structure for forming two
enclosed transportation paths (e.g., side-by-side). In such
contemplated embodiments, the structure may additionally include a
vertical center wall (or spaced vertical supports) arranged between
a floor of the lower element to a peak of the upper element to
provide structural stability and strength to the modular structure
and to prevent deflection of the top of the upper element.
[0141] FIGS. 17A and 17B schematically depict overhead views (or
side views) of exemplary modular structures connected together to
form curved transportation paths in accordance with aspects of the
disclosure.
[0142] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the modular
structures are configured to be connected together to one another
to form an enclosed transportation path structure for a
transportation vehicle. The enclosed transportation path structure
may maintain an environment different from that external to the
enclosed modular structure. The enclosed modular structure, for
example, may be capable of sustaining a temperature, a pressure,
and/or any other condition or combination thereof, different from
that of the environment external to the enclosed modular
structure.
[0143] As shown in FIG. 17A, a modular structure 100 may be
connected to modular structures 100 to form a form transportation
path 1700. As shown in FIG. 17B, a modular structure 100' may be
connected to modular structures 100' to form a form transportation
path 1750. In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, by
configuring some modular structures for portions of a turning path
(e.g., with an overhead trapezoidal shape as schematically depicted
in FIG. 17B), a plurality of these modular structures (e.g.,
modular structures 100') can be utilized to create a turning path
(e.g., transportation path 1750). In contrast, modular structures
for portions of a straight path (e.g., modular structure 100 with
an overhead rectangular shape as schematically depicted in FIG.
17A), a plurality of these modular structures (e.g., modular
structures 100) can be utilized to create a straight path (e.g.,
transportation path 1700). As should be understood, the modular
structures of the present disclosure can be suitably configured to
provide the desired turning radius of the transportation path, as
exemplified in the non-limiting schematic depictions of FIGS. 17A
and 17B.
[0144] FIG. 18 shows an exemplary and non-limiting flow diagram
1800 for assembling an exemplary modular structure in accordance
with aspects of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 18, at step 1805,
the first and the second shell element are shaped (for example from
a flat plate as shown in FIG. 4 to the shells as shown in FIGS. 5
and 7). At step 1810, holes are formed in the second shell and
posts (or frictional studs) are formed on the first shell and/or
the second shell (for example, as depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6). At
step 1815, the first and second shells are aligned relative to one
another (for example, as shown in FIG. 7). At step 1820, the filler
materials are arranged between the first and second shells (for
example, as shown in FIG. 8). At step 1825, the support elements
are formed between the first and second shells (for example, as
shown in FIG. 9).
[0145] As shown in FIG. 18, at optional step 1830 (as indicated by
the dashed line), the filler materials are removed from between the
first and second shells (for example, as shown in FIG. 13). At step
1835, track support pads are attached to the lower element. At step
1840, tracks are attached to the pads. At step 1845, the upper
element is formed (e.g., by bending a flat plate to an arc shape).
At step 1850, the upper element is attached to the lower element
(for example, as shown in FIG. 1).
[0146] Although embodiments of this disclosure have been fully
described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be
noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent
to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to
be understood as being included within the scope of embodiments of
this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Specifically,
exemplary components are described herein. Any combination of these
components may be used in any combination. For example, any
component, feature, step or part may be integrated, separated,
sub-divided, removed, duplicated, added, or used in any combination
and remain within the scope of the present disclosure. Embodiments
are exemplary only, and provide an illustrative combination of
features, but are not limited thereto.
[0147] Although the present specification describes components and
functions that may be implemented in particular embodiments with
reference to particular standards and protocols, the disclosure is
not limited to such standards and protocols. Such standards are
periodically superseded by faster or more efficient equivalents
having essentially the same functions. Accordingly, replacement
standards and protocols having the same or similar functions are
considered equivalents thereof.
[0148] The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are
intended to provide a general understanding of the various
embodiments. The illustrations are not intended to serve as a
complete description of all of the elements and features of
apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods
described herein. Many other embodiments may be apparent to those
of skill in the art upon reviewing the disclosure. Other
embodiments may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such
that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made
without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally,
the illustrations are merely representational and may not be drawn
to scale. Certain proportions within the illustrations may be
exaggerated, while other proportions may be minimized. Accordingly,
the disclosure and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative
rather than restrictive.
[0149] Accordingly, the present disclosure provides various
systems, structures, methods, and apparatuses. Although the
disclosure has been described with reference to several exemplary
embodiments, it is understood that the words that have been used
are words of description and illustration, rather than words of
limitation. Changes may be made within the purview of the appended
claims, as presently stated and as amended, without departing from
the scope and spirit of the disclosure in its aspects. Although the
disclosure has been described with reference to particular
materials and embodiments, embodiments of the invention are not
intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed; rather the
invention extends to all functionally equivalent structures,
methods, and uses such as are within the scope of the appended
claims.
[0150] One or more embodiments of the disclosure may be referred to
herein, individually and/or collectively, by the term "invention"
merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit
the scope of this application to any particular invention or
inventive concept. Moreover, although specific embodiments have
been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated
that any subsequent arrangement designed to achieve the same or
similar purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments
shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent
adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of
the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically
described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art
upon reviewing the description.
[0151] The above disclosed subject matter is to be considered
illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are
intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other
embodiments which fall within the true spirit and scope of the
present disclosure. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the
scope of the present disclosure is to be determined by the broadest
permissible interpretation of the following claims and their
equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the
foregoing detailed description.
[0152] Accordingly, the novel architecture is intended to embrace
all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within
the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the
extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed
description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in
a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is
interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
[0153] While the disclosure has been described with reference to
specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that
various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for
elements thereof without departing from the true spirit and scope
of the disclosure. While exemplary embodiments are described above,
it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible
forms of the embodiments of the disclosure. Rather, the words used
in the specification are words of description rather than
limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made
without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. In
addition, modifications may be made without departing from the
essential teachings of the disclosure. Furthermore, the features of
various implementing embodiments may be combined to form further
embodiments of the disclosure.
[0154] Thus, while the specification describes particular
embodiments of the present disclosure, those of ordinary skill can
devise variations of the present disclosure without departing from
the inventive concept. For example, while discussed in context of
high-speed, low-pressure transportation system, it should be
understood that the disclosure contemplates that other
transportation systems may utilize aspects of the loading/unloading
processes and structures of the present disclosure. For example,
the transportation system may include a high-speed transportation
system (e.g., maglev (magnetic levitation) train) that does not
utilize a low-pressure environment.
[0155] Insofar as the description above and the accompanying
drawing disclose any additional subject matter that is not within
the scope of the claims below, the embodiments are not dedicated to
the public and the right to file one or more applications to claim
such additional embodiments is reserved.
* * * * *