U.S. patent application number 16/514910 was filed with the patent office on 2020-05-07 for moisture conveying layer, display panel, display apparatus, method of manufacturing moisture conveying layer, and method of manu.
The applicant listed for this patent is BEIJING BOE DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Yanqiu Li, Xiaoyi Zheng.
Application Number | 20200144546 16/514910 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 65221998 |
Filed Date | 2020-05-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200144546 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Zheng; Xiaoyi ; et
al. |
May 7, 2020 |
MOISTURE CONVEYING LAYER, DISPLAY PANEL, DISPLAY APPARATUS, METHOD
OF MANUFACTURING MOISTURE CONVEYING LAYER, AND METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING DISPLAY PANEL
Abstract
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a moisture
conveying layer, a display panel having the moisture conveying
layer, a display apparatus having the display panel, a method of
manufacturing a moisture conveying layer, and a method of
manufacturing a display panel. The moisture conveying layer
includes: a bottom wall; a first sidewall and a second sidewall
which are disposed opposite to each other, and which, together with
the bottom wall, form a moisture conveying channel; and a flow
guide member located between the first sidewall and the second
sidewall. The flow guide member includes a first end connected to
the bottom wall, and a second end, and an angle between the flow
guide member and the bottom wall is an acute angle.
Inventors: |
Zheng; Xiaoyi; (Beijing,
CN) ; Li; Yanqiu; (Beijing, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
BEIJING BOE DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD. |
Beijing
Beijing |
|
CN
CN |
|
|
Family ID: |
65221998 |
Appl. No.: |
16/514910 |
Filed: |
July 17, 2019 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09G 2330/04 20130101;
H01L 51/5259 20130101; H05B 33/04 20130101; H01L 51/56
20130101 |
International
Class: |
H01L 51/52 20060101
H01L051/52; H01L 51/56 20060101 H01L051/56 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 7, 2018 |
CN |
201811318593.0 |
Claims
1. A moisture conveying layer comprising: a bottom wall; a first
sidewall and a second sidewall which are disposed opposite to each
other, and which, together with the bottom wall, form a moisture
conveying channel; and a flow guide member located between the
first sidewall and the second sidewall, wherein the flow guide
member comprises a first end connected to the bottom wall, and a
second end, and an angle between the flow guide member and the
bottom wall is an acute angle.
2. The moisture conveying layer of claim 1, further comprising: a
top wall which, together with the first sidewall, the second
sidewall and the bottom wall, forms the moisture conveying channel,
wherein there is a gap between the second end of the flow guide
member and the top wall.
3. The moisture conveying layer of claim 1, further comprising: a
moisture conveying layer substrate on which the bottom wall is
located.
4. The moisture conveying layer of claim 1, wherein: the flow guide
member has a rod shape.
5. The moisture conveying layer of claim 1, wherein: there is a gap
between the flow guide member and at least one of the first
sidewall and the second sidewall.
6. The moisture conveying layer of claim 2, wherein: the bottom
wall has a hydrophilic surface configured to be in contact with
moisture.
7. The moisture conveying layer of claim 2, wherein each of the
first sidewall, the second sidewall, the top wall and the flow
guide member has a hydrophobic surface configured to be in contact
with the moisture.
8. The moisture conveying layer of claim 6, further comprising: a
hydrophilic layer, on which the first sidewall and the second
sidewall are disposed, and a portion of which constitutes the
bottom wall.
9. The moisture conveying layer of claim 1, wherein: the second end
of the flow guide member is a pointed end includes at least one of:
a pointed end; and an end surface which extends in a direction
substantially perpendicular to the bottom wall.
10. The moisture conveying layer of claim 1, wherein: the moisture
conveying layer comprises a plurality of the flow guide members
inclined towards a same direction.
11. The moisture conveying layer of claim 1, wherein: an angle
between the flow guide member and a normal of the bottom wall
ranges from 15 degrees to 75 degrees.
12. The moisture conveying layer of claim 2, wherein: a spacing
between the top wall and the bottom wall is greater than 2 mm, and
less than or equal to 5 mm, a maximal size of the flow guide member
in a direction from the first sidewall to the second sidewall is in
a range of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, and the gap between the second end of
the flow guide member and the top wall is greater than 0.25 mm, and
less than or equal to 0.6 mm.
13. The moisture conveying layer of claim 1, wherein: a material of
the bottom wall comprises any one or any combination of titanium
dioxide, copper oxide, silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide.
14. A display panel comprising: an organic light-emitting diode;
and the moisture conveying layer of claim 1, wherein the moisture
conveying layer covers the organic light-emitting diode, and is
configured to collect moisture and convey the collected
moisture.
15. The display panel of claim 14, further comprising: a water
absorption layer located at an end of the moisture conveying
channel of the moisture conveying layer, wherein the moisture
conveying layer is configured to convey the collected moisture to
the water absorption layer and the water absorption layer is
configured to absorb the moisture.
16. The display panel of claim 15, wherein: a material of the water
absorption layer comprises an absorbent polymer.
17. A display apparatus comprising the display panel of claim
14.
18. A method of manufacturing the moisture conveying layer of claim
1, the method comprising: forming the bottom wall; forming the
first sidewall and the second sidewall; and forming the flow guide
member located between the first sidewall and the second
sidewall.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: forming a top wall
which, together with the first sidewall, the second sidewall and
the bottom wall, forms the moisture conveying channel, wherein
there is a gap between the second end of the flow guide member and
the top wall.
20. A method of manufacturing the display panel of claim 14, the
method comprising: providing a display panel substrate; forming the
organic light-emitting diode on the display panel substrate; and
forming the moisture conveying layer.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent
Application No. 201811318593.0, filed with the State Intellectual
Property Office of China on Nov. 7, 2018, the whole disclosure of
which is incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of
display technology, and particularly to a moisture conveying layer,
a display panel having the moisture conveying layer, a display
apparatus having the display panel, a method of manufacturing a
moisture conveying layer, and a method of manufacturing a display
panel.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Most materials used in an organic light-emitting diode
(OLED) are sensitive to moisture. The moisture may enter the OLED
packaging or the moisture may enter the OLED since its airtightness
will become poor after the OLED is used for a period of time,
thereby adversely affecting service life of the OLED.
SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a moisture
conveying layer including: a bottom wall; a first sidewall and a
second sidewall which are disposed opposite to each other, and
which, together with the bottom wall, form a moisture conveying
channel; and a flow guide member located between the first sidewall
and the second sidewall, wherein the flow guide member includes a
first end connected to the bottom wall, and a second end, and an
angle between the flow guide member and the bottom wall is an acute
angle.
[0005] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the moisture
conveying layer further includes: a top wall which, together with
the first sidewall, the second sidewall and the bottom wall, forms
the moisture conveying channel, wherein there is a gap between the
second end of the flow guide member and the top wall.
[0006] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the moisture
conveying layer further includes: a moisture conveying layer
substrate on which the bottom wall is located.
[0007] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the flow guide
member has a rod shape.
[0008] In embodiments of the present disclosure, there is a gap
between the flow guide member and at least one of the first
sidewall and the second sidewall.
[0009] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the bottom wall
has a hydrophilic surface configured to be in contact with
moisture
[0010] In embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the first
sidewall, the second sidewall, the top wall and the flow guide
member has a hydrophobic surface configured to be in contact with
the moisture.
[0011] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the moisture
conveying layer further includes: a hydrophilic layer, on which the
first sidewall and the second sidewall are disposed, and a portion
of which constitutes the bottom wall.
[0012] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the second end of
the flow guide member is a pointed end includes at least one of: a
pointed end; and an end surface which extends in a direction
substantially perpendicular to the bottom wall.
[0013] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the moisture
conveying layer includes a plurality of the flow guide members
inclined towards a same direction.
[0014] In embodiments of the present disclosure, an angle between
the flow guide member and a normal of the bottom wall ranges from
15 degrees to 75 degrees.
[0015] In embodiments of the present disclosure, a spacing between
the top wall and the bottom wall is greater than 2 mm, and less
than or equal to 5 mm, a maximal size of the flow guide member in a
direction from the first sidewall to the second sidewall is in a
range of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, and the gap between the second end of
the flow guide member and the top wall is greater than 0.25 mm, and
less than or equal to 0.6 mm.
[0016] In embodiments of the present disclosure, a material of the
bottom wall includes any one or any combination of titanium
dioxide, copper oxide, silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide.
[0017] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
display panel including: an organic light-emitting diode; and the
above moisture conveying layer, wherein the moisture conveying
layer covers the organic light-emitting diode, and is configured to
collect moisture and convey the collected moisture.
[0018] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the display panel
further includes: a water absorption layer located at an end of the
moisture conveying channel of the moisture conveying layer, wherein
the moisture conveying layer is configured to convey the collected
moisture to the water absorption layer and the water absorption
layer is configured to absorb the moisture.
[0019] In embodiments of the present disclosure, a material of the
water absorption layer includes an absorbent polymer.
[0020] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
display apparatus including the above display panel.
[0021] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
method of manufacturing a moisture conveying layer, the method
including: forming a bottom wall; forming a first sidewall and a
second sidewall which are disposed opposite to each other, and
which, together with the bottom wall, form a moisture conveying
channel; and forming a flow guide member located between the first
sidewall and the second sidewall, wherein the flow guide member
includes a first end connected to the bottom wall, and a second
end, and an angle between the flow guide member and the bottom wall
is an acute angle.
[0022] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further
includes: forming a top wall which, together with the first
sidewall, the second sidewall and the bottom wall, forms the
moisture conveying channel, wherein there is a gap between the
second end of the flow guide member and the top wall.
[0023] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
method of manufacturing a display panel, the method including:
providing a display panel substrate; forming an organic
light-emitting diode on the display panel substrate; forming a
moisture conveying layer which covers the organic light-emitting
diode, the moisture conveying layer including: a bottom wall; a
first sidewall and a second sidewall which are disposed opposite to
each other, and which, together with the bottom wall, form a
moisture conveying channel; and a flow guide member located between
the first sidewall and the second sidewall, wherein the flow guide
member includes a first end connected to the bottom wall, and a
second end, and an angle between the flow guide member and the
bottom wall is an acute angle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] The accompanying drawings described herein are used to
provide further understanding of the present disclosure and
constitute a part of the present disclosure. The accompanying
drawings show embodiments of the present disclosure and are used to
explain the principles of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of a display
panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 2(A) is a schematic side view showing a structure of a
moisture conveying layer according to an embodiment of the present
disclosure, in which one sidewall is removed for the sake of
clarity;
[0027] FIG. 2(B) is a schematic top view showing a structure of the
moisture conveying layer according to the embodiment of the present
disclosure, shown in FIG. 2(A), in which a top wall is removed and
a single flow guide member is illustrated for the sake of
clarity;
[0028] FIG. 2(C) is a schematic side view showing a structure of
the moisture conveying layer according to the embodiment of the
present disclosure, shown in FIG. 2(A), in which one sidewall is
removed for the sake of clarity;
[0029] FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged view showing a structure of a
drain passage according to the embodiment of the present
disclosure, shown in FIG. 2(A);
[0030] FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a structure of a display
panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing forces received by a
liquid drop in the drain passage according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a relation between a
diffusion of the liquid drop and a depth of a channel, an angle of
inclination of the flow guide member, and a size of a gap,
according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a relation between the
diffusion of the liquid drop and the angle of inclination of the
flow guide member and the size of the gap, according to an
embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a relation between the
diffusion of the liquid drop and the depth of the channel and the
size of the gap, according to an embodiment of the present
disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a diffusion of the
liquid drop according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,
in which the liquid drop is located in a first unit on an upstream
side of a flow guide member in a movement direction of the liquid
drop;
[0036] FIG. 10 is a schematic enlarged diagram showing the
diffusion of the liquid drop according to the embodiment of the
present disclosure, shown in FIG. 9;
[0037] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the diffusion of the
liquid drop according to the embodiment of the present disclosure,
in which the liquid drop is located in a second unit on a
downstream side of the flow guide member in the movement direction
of the liquid drop;
[0038] FIG. 12 is a schematic enlarged diagram showing the
diffusion of the liquid drop according to the embodiment of the
present disclosure, shown in FIG. 11;
[0039] FIG. 13 is a flow diagram showing a method of manufacturing
a display panel according to an embodiment of the present
disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 14 is a flow diagram showing a method of manufacturing
a display panel according to another embodiment of the present
disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 15 is a flow diagram showing a method of manufacturing
a display panel according to still another embodiment of the
present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 16 is a flow diagram showing a method of manufacturing
a moisture conveying layer according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure; and
[0043] FIG. 17 is a flow diagram showing a method of manufacturing
a display panel according to an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary
embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying
drawings. When the accompanying drawings are referred to in the
following description, the same or similar elements are denoted by
the same reference numerals in different drawings unless otherwise
indicated. The exemplary embodiments described as below are not all
of the embodiments of the present disclosure. In contrast, they are
only some examples of devices and methods of the present
disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 2(A) is a schematic side view showing a structure of a
moisture conveying layer 13 according to an embodiment of the
present disclosure, in which one sidewall 134 is removed for the
sake of clarity; FIG. 2(B) is a schematic top view showing a
structure of the moisture conveying layer 13 according to the
embodiment of the present disclosure, shown in FIG. 2(A), in which
a top wall 132 is removed and a single flow guide member 133 is
illustrated for the sake of clarity; FIG. 2(C) is a schematic side
view showing a structure of the moisture conveying layer according
to the embodiment of the present disclosure, shown in FIG. 2(A), in
which one sidewall is removed for the sake of clarity; and FIG. 3
is a schematic enlarged view showing a structure of a drain passage
according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, shown in
FIG. 2(A).
[0046] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a moisture
conveying layer 13. Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, the
moisture conveying layer 13 includes: a bottom wall 131; a first
sidewall 134 and a second sidewall 134 which are disposed opposite
to each other, and which, together with the bottom wall 131, form a
moisture conveying channel 130; and a flow guide member 133 located
between the first sidewall 134 and the second sidewall 134. The
flow guide member 133 includes a first end 1331 connected to the
bottom wall 131, and a second end 1332, and an angle between the
flow guide member 133 and the bottom wall 131 is an acute angle.
The flow guide member 133 may have a rod shape. The flow guide
member 133 may have a circular cross section. The second end 1332
of the flow guide member 133 may be a pointed end. For example, the
second end 1332 of the flow guide member 133 has an end surface
1334 which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to
the bottom wall 131.
[0047] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the moisture conveying layer 13 further
includes: a top wall 132 which, together with the first sidewall
134, the second sidewall 134 and the bottom wall 131, forms the
moisture conveying channel 130. There is a gap d between the second
end 1332 of the flow guide member 133 and the top wall 132. The
moisture conveying layer 13 may not include the top wall 132, or
the top wall 132 of the moisture conveying layer 13 is constituted
by a layer of an apparatus, such as an OLED display panel, to which
the moisture conveying layer 13 is applied.
[0048] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the moisture conveying layer 13 further
includes: a moisture conveying layer substrate 135 on which the
bottom wall 131 is located. Alternatively, the bottom wall 131 may
be formed on a layer of an apparatus, such as an OLED display
panel, to which the moisture conveying layer 13 is applied.
[0049] Referring to FIG. 2B, in embodiments of the present
disclosure, there is a gap between the flow guide member 133 and at
least one of the first sidewall 134 and the second sidewall 134.
For example, there is a gap between the flow guide member 133 and
each of the first sidewall 134 and the second sidewall 134.
[0050] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the bottom wall 131 has a hydrophilic surface
1311 configured to be in contact with moisture, and/or each of the
first sidewall 134, the second sidewall 134, the top wall 132 and
the flow guide member 133 has a hydrophobic surface configured to
be in contact with the moisture. Specifically, the first sidewall
134 has a hydrophobic surface 1341 configured to be in contact with
the moisture, the second sidewall 134 has a hydrophobic surface
1341 configured to be in contact with the moisture, the top wall
132 has a hydrophobic surface 1321 configured to be in contact with
the moisture, and the flow guide member 133 has a hydrophobic
surface 1333 configured to be in contact with the moisture.
[0051] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the moisture conveying layer 13 further
includes: a hydrophilic layer 136 on which the first sidewall 134
and the second sidewall 134 are disposed, and a portion of which
constitutes the bottom wall 131.
[0052] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the moisture conveying layer 13 includes a
plurality of the flow guide members 133 inclined towards a same
direction.
[0053] Referring to FIG. 3, in embodiments of the present
disclosure, an angle between the flow guide member 133 and a normal
of the bottom wall 131 ranges from 15 degrees to 75 degrees.
[0054] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, a spacing W between the top wall 132 and the
bottom wall 131 is greater than 2 mm, and less than or equal to 5
mm, a maximal size of the flow guide member 133 in a direction from
the first sidewall 134 to the second sidewall 134 is in a range of
0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, and the gap d between the second end 1332 of the
flow guide member 133 and the top wall 132 is greater than 0.25 mm,
and less than or equal to 0.6 mm.
[0055] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, a material of the bottom wall 131 includes any
one or any combination(s) of titanium dioxide, copper oxide,
silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide. For example, a material of the
hydrophilic layer 136 includes any one or any combination(s) of
titanium dioxide, copper oxide, silicon dioxide, and aluminum
oxide.
[0056] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
display panel. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 4, the display panel
includes: an organic light-emitting diode 12; and the above
moisture conveying layer 13. The moisture conveying layer 13 covers
the organic light-emitting diode 12 and is configured to collect a
moisture and convey the collected moisture.
[0057] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 4, in embodiments of the present
disclosure, the display panel further includes: a water absorption
layer 14 located at an end of the moisture conveying channel 130 of
the moisture conveying layer 13. The moisture conveying layer 13 is
configured to convey the collected moisture to the water absorption
layer 14 and the water absorption layer 14 is configured to absorb
the moisture. A material of the water absorption layer 14 may
include an absorbent polymer.
[0058] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
display apparatus. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 4, the display
apparatus includes the above display panel.
[0059] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
method of manufacturing a moisture conveying layer. Referring to
FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, 3 and 16, the method includes: a step S101 of
forming a bottom wall 131; a step S103 of forming a first sidewall
134 and a second sidewall 134 which are disposed opposite to each
other, and which, together with the bottom wall 131, form a
moisture conveying channel 130; and a step S105 of forming a flow
guide member 133 located between the first sidewall 134 and the
second sidewall 134. The flow guide member 133 includes a first end
1331 connected to the bottom wall 131, and a second end 1332, and
an angle between the flow guide member 133 and the bottom wall 131
is an acute angle.
[0060] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the method further includes: forming a top wall
132 which, together with the first sidewall 134, the second
sidewall 134 and the bottom wall 131, forms the moisture conveying
channel 130. There is a gap d between the second end 1332 of the
flow guide member 133 and the top wall 132.
[0061] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
method of manufacturing a display panel. Referring to FIGS. 1, 2A,
2B, 2C, 3, 4 and 17, the method includes: a step S201 of providing
a display panel substrate 11; a step S203 of forming an organic
light-emitting diode 12 on the display panel substrate 11; a step
S205 of forming a moisture conveying layer 13 which covers the
organic light-emitting diode 12. The moisture conveying layer 13
includes: a bottom wall 131; a first sidewall 134 and a second
sidewall 134 which are disposed opposite to each other, and which,
together with the bottom wall 131, form a moisture conveying
channel 130; and a flow guide member 133 located between the first
sidewall 134 and the second sidewall 134. The flow guide member 133
includes a first end 1331 connected to the bottom wall 131, and a
second end 1332, and an angle between the flow guide member 133 and
the bottom wall 131 is an acute angle.
[0062] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
display panel. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 4, the display panel
includes: a display panel substrate 11; an organic light-emitting
diode 12 on the display panel substrate 11; and a moisture
conveying layer 13. The moisture conveying layer 13 covers the
organic light-emitting diode 12 and is configured to collect a
moisture and convey the collected moisture.
[0063] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, The moisture conveying layer 13 includes: a
bottom wall 131; a first sidewall 134 and a second sidewall 134
which are disposed opposite to each other, and which, together with
the bottom wall 131, form a moisture conveying channel 130; and a
flow guide member 133 located between the first sidewall 134 and
the second sidewall 134. The flow guide member 133 includes a first
end 1331 connected to the bottom wall 131, and a second end 1332,
and an angle between the flow guide member 133 and the bottom wall
131 is an acute angle. The flow guide member 133 may have a rod
shape. The flow guide member 133 may have a circular cross section.
The second end 1332 of the flow guide member 133 may be a pointed
end. For example, the second end 1332 of the flow guide member 133
has an end surface 1334 which extends in a direction substantially
perpendicular to the bottom wall 131.
[0064] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the moisture conveying layer 13 further
includes: a top wall 132 which, together with the first sidewall
134, the second sidewall 134 and the bottom wall 131, forms the
moisture conveying channel 130. There is a gap d between the second
end 1332 of the flow guide member 133 and the top wall 132.
[0065] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the moisture conveying layer 13 further
includes: a moisture conveying layer substrate 135 which covers the
organic light-emitting diode 12 and on which the bottom wall 131 is
located.
[0066] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the bottom wall 131 has a hydrophilic surface
1311 configured to be in contact with moisture, and/or each of the
first sidewall 134, the second sidewall 134, the top wall 132 and
the flow guide member 133 has a hydrophobic surface configured to
be in contact with the moisture. Specifically, the first sidewall
134 has a hydrophobic surface 1341 configured to be in contact with
the moisture, the second sidewall 134 has a hydrophobic surface
1341 configured to be in contact with the moisture, the top wall
132 has a hydrophobic surface 1321 configured to be in contact with
the moisture, and the flow guide member 133 has a hydrophobic
surface 1333 configured to be in contact with the moisture.
[0067] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the moisture conveying layer 13 further
includes: a hydrophilic layer 136 on which the first sidewall 134
and the second sidewall 134 are disposed, and a portion of which
constitutes the bottom wall 131.
[0068] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the moisture conveying layer 13 includes a
plurality of the flow guide members 133 inclined towards a same
direction.
[0069] Referring to FIG. 3, in embodiments of the present
disclosure, an angle between the flow guide member 133 and a normal
of the bottom wall 131 ranges from 15 degrees to 75 degrees.
[0070] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, a spacing W between the top wall 132 and the
bottom wall 131 is greater than 2 mm, and less than or equal to 5
mm, a maximal size of the flow guide member 133 in a direction from
the first sidewall 134 to the second sidewall 134 is in a range of
0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, and the gap d between the second end 1332 of the
flow guide member 133 and the top wall 132 is greater than 0.25 mm,
and less than or equal to 0.6 mm.
[0071] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, the display panel further includes: a water
absorption layer 14 located at an end of the moisture conveying
channel 130 of the moisture conveying layer 13. The moisture
conveying layer 13 is configured to convey the collected moisture
to the water absorption layer 14 and the water absorption layer 14
is configured to absorb the moisture. Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4,
the display panel includes two water absorption layers 14
respectively located at two ends of the moisture conveying channel
130 of the moisture conveying layer 13. A material of the water
absorption layer 14 may include an absorbent polymer.
[0072] Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 3, in embodiments of the
present disclosure, a material of the bottom wall 131 includes any
one or any combination(s) of titanium dioxide, copper oxide,
silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide. For example, a material of the
hydrophilic layer 136 includes any one or any combination(s) of
titanium dioxide, copper oxide, silicon dioxide, and aluminum
oxide.
[0073] FIG. 1 shows a display panel according to an embodiment of
the present disclosure. The display panel includes: a display panel
substrate 11, an organic light-emitting diode 12, a moisture
conveying layer 13, and a water absorption layer 14.
[0074] As shown in FIG. 1, the organic light-emitting diode 12 is
located on the display panel substrate 11, the moisture conveying
layer 13 covers the organic light-emitting diode 12, the water
absorption layer 14 is located on a side of the moisture conveying
layer 13 facing away from the organic light-emitting diode 12, the
moisture conveying layer 13 is configured to collect a moisture and
convey the collected moisture to the water absorption layer 14, and
the water absorption layer 14 is configured to absorb the
moisture.
[0075] In the present embodiment, the moisture conveying layer is
disposed on the organic light-emitting diode to collect a moisture
and convey the collected moisture to the water absorption layer,
thereby reducing an amount of moisture entering the organic
light-emitting diode and thus prolonging a service life of the
organic light-emitting diode.
[0076] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2(A) to 3, the moisture
conveying layer 13 may include: a moisture conveying layer
substrate 135, a hydrophilic layer 136, sidewalls 134, a top wall
132, a bottom wall 131 constituted by a portion of the hydrophilic
layer 136, and a flow guide member 133. The sidewalls 134, the top
wall 132, the bottom wall 131, and the flow guide member 133
constitute a drain passage such as a unidirectional drain passage.
The moisture conveying layer substrate 135 covers the organic
light-emitting diode 12. The hydrophilic layer 136 is located on
the moisture conveying layer substrate 135. The sidewalls 134 and
the flow guide member 133 are located on the hydrophilic layer
136.
[0077] As shown in FIGS. 2(A) to 3, the sidewalls 134 include a
first sidewall 134 and a second sidewall 134 disposed opposite to
each other. The flow guide member 133 is located between the first
sidewall 134 and the second sidewall 134 and between the top wall
132 and the bottom wall 131. A first end 1331 of the flow guide
member 133 is in contact with the bottom wall 131, and there is a
gap between a second end 1332 of the flow guide member 133 and the
top wall 132. The flow guide member 133 extends from the first end
1331 to the second end 1332. A first angle .sub.ft between an
extension direction of the flow guide member 133 and the bottom
wall 131 is an acute angle. In an embodiment, there may be a
plurality of flow guide members 133 parallel to one another between
the first sidewall 134 and the second sidewall 134.
[0078] In an embodiment, the first sidewall 134 and the second
sidewall 134 may be disposed along edges of the hydrophilic layer
136, respectively, thereby avoiding an existence of the hydrophilic
layer outside the first sidewall 134 and the second sidewall 134.
As a result, there is no water drop condensed on the hydrophilic
layer which cannot be drained by the drain passage to the water
absorption layer 14 to affect the organic light-emitting diode.
[0079] In an embodiment, the hydrophilic layer 136 may be disposed
on an entire side surface of the moisture conveying layer substrate
135 facing away from the organic light-emitting diode 12 and the
first sidewall 134 and the second sidewall 134 may be disposed
along edges of the moisture conveying layer substrate 135,
respectively. In this way, moisture surrounding the organic
light-emitting diode 12 may be condensed by means of an entire side
surface, facing away from the organic light-emitting diode 12, of
the hydrophilic layer 136 on the moisture conveying layer substrate
135, and is conveyed by the drain passage to the water absorption
layer 14, thereby further reducing an amount of moisture entering
the organic light-emitting diode and thus prolonging service life
of the organic light-emitting diode.
[0080] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, each of the
first sidewall 134 and the second sidewall 134 may have a
rectangular shape. The rectangular sidewall 134 has a long side in
contact with the bottom wall 131. The first end 1331 of the flow
guide member 133 may be in contact with a surface 1311 of the
bottom wall 131 facing towards the top wall 132. An angle between
the extension direction of the flow guide member 133 and a normal
direction of the surface 1311 is a second angle .alpha.. Referring
to FIG. 3, the flow guide member 133 may have a plate shape, or may
have a rectangular cross section, a circular cross section, or the
like. For example, the flow guide member 133 may have the
rectangular cross section, and two inclined end surfaces. The flow
guide member 133 includes a first surface B1, a second surface B2,
and a third surface B3. The flow guide member 133 is bounded by the
first surface B1, the second surface B2, the third surface B3 and
the surface 1311. The first surface B1 extends in the extension
direction, and the second surface B2 adjoins the first surface B1
and extends in a direction perpendicular to the surface 1311. The
third surface B3 adjoins the second surface B2 and is parallel to
the first surface B1. An angle between the first surface B1 and the
second surface B2 is equal to the second angle .alpha.. The second
angle may also be referred to as the angle of inclination of the
flow guide member 133. An angle between the first surface B1 and
the surface 1311 is the first angle .beta..
[0081] In an embodiment, a thickness of each of the first sidewall
134 and the second sidewall 134 is greater than a width of each of
the first surface B1, the second surface B2, and the third surface
B3.
[0082] In an embodiment, the thickness or a diameter of the first
sidewall 134 is in a range of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. The thickness or a
diameter of the second sidewall 134 is in a range of 0.2 mm to 0.8
mm. The thickness or a diameter of the flow guide member 133 is in
a range of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. The width of the first surface is in a
range of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. The width of the second surface is in a
range of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. The width of the third surface is in a
range of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.
[0083] In an embodiment, the thickness of the first sidewall 134
may be much less than its length. Thus, the first sidewall 134 has
a shape approaching a line segment. Likewise, the thickness of the
second sidewall 134 may be much less than its length. Thus, the
second sidewall 134 has a shape approaching a line segment. The
line-segment-shaped sidewalls 134 may be plotted by a hydrophobic
ink. For example, the line-segment-shaped sidewalls 134 each have a
thickness of 0.2 mm. In other words, each of the first sidewall
134, the second sidewall 134, and the flow guide member 133 may
have a thickness of 0.2 mm and may have a shape approaching a line
segment.
[0084] In an embodiment, the second angle .alpha. ranges from 15
degrees to 75 degrees.
[0085] In an embodiment, a spacing d between the flow guide member
133 and the top wall 132 is greater than 0.25 mm, and less than or
equal to 0.6 mm. The spacing d between the flow guide member 133
and the top wall 132 is also referred to as a gap size. In an
embodiment, in a manufacturing process, the gap size d may have,
for example, a minimal tolerance of 0.1 mm.
[0086] In an embodiment, a spacing W between the bottom wall 131
and the top wall 132 is greater than 2 mm, and less than or equal
to 5 mm. The spacing between the bottom wall 131 and the top wall
132 may also be referred to as a channel depth.
[0087] In some embodiments, the second angle .alpha. is 60 degrees,
the spacing W between the bottom wall 131 and the top wall 132 is 5
mm, and the spacing d between the flow guide member 133 and the top
wall 132 is 0.6 mm.
[0088] In an embodiment, a material of the hydrophilic layer
includes any one or any combination(s) of titanium dioxide
(TiO.sub.2), copper oxide (CuO), silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2), and
aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3). In some embodiments, the material
of the hydrophilic layer includes titanium dioxide. Specifically,
the hydrophilic layer may be manufactured by applying titanium
dioxide (TiO.sub.2) particles to the moisture conveying layer
substrate 135. Since the titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) particles
have a photocatalysis, an endurance life of the hydrophilic layer
can be guaranteed.
[0089] In an embodiment, a material of the water absorption layer
may include an absorbent polymer. In an exemplary embodiment, the
material of the water absorption layer may include a super
absorbent polymer. The super absorbent polymer is insoluble in
water and organic solvents, and generally its water absorption
capacity can reach 500-2000 times and up to 5000 times its own
weight. The super absorbent polymer swells as a hydrogel after
absorbing water. The super absorbent polymer has an excellent water
retentiveness. Even if the super absorbent polymer is pressed, the
water is not easily squeezed out. After the absorbent polymer that
has absorbed water is dried, its water absorption capacity can be
restored.
[0090] In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the display panel
substrate 11 may include a center region C and an edge region E
surrounding the center region. The organic light-emitting diode 12
may be located in the center region C and the water absorption
layer 14 may be located in the edge region E. In this way, the
collected moisture is conveyed to the water absorption layer
located in the edge region of the organic light-emitting diode,
reducing an influence of the water absorption layer on a display
property of the display panel.
[0091] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the display
panel may further include a packaging layer 15. The packaging layer
15 is located on an outer side of the water absorption layer 14. In
an embodiment, the packaging layer 15 may include a packaging cover
plate which may be a metal cover plate or a glass cover plate. The
packaging cover plate may be fixed to the display panel substrate
11 through a sealing adhesive layer 16. A material of the sealing
adhesive layer 16 may be an absorbent polymer. In another
embodiment, the packaging layer 15 may also be a packaging film.
The packaging film may be, for example, an inorganic film, an
inorganic-inorganic hybrid film, a silicon nitride film, an organic
film, an organic-organic hybrid film, an organic-inorganic hybrid
film, or the like.
[0092] In an embodiment, the display panel substrate 11 may be a
rigid substrate such as a glass substrate, or a flexible
substrate.
[0093] In an embodiment, a material of the moisture conveying layer
substrate 135 may be polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), commonly known
as an organic glass, but is not limited to this.
[0094] In an embodiment, the organic light-emitting diode 12 may
include an anode 121, a hole transport layer 122, a light emitting
layer 123, an electron transport layer 124, and a cathode 125. In
another embodiment, the organic light-emitting diode 12 may further
include a cathode buffer layer 126 configured to protect the
cathode 125. The moisture conveying layer 13 may cover the cathode
buffer layer 126.
[0095] In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the moisture
conveying layer 13 may cover the organic light-emitting diode 12.
The number of the water absorption layer 14 may be two. Two water
absorption layers 14 may be located at two ends of the moisture
conveying layer 13, respectively. A packaged organic light-emitting
diode is obtained by packaging the organic light-emitting diode 12,
the moisture conveying layer 13, and the water absorption layer 14
with the packaging layer 15. The moisture conveying layer 13 may
include a first drain passage, a second drain passage, and a third
drain passage. The first drain passage is in contact with one of
the two water absorption layers 14. The second drain passage is
connected with the third drain passage, and the third drain passage
is in contact with the other of the two water absorption layers 14.
There are a plurality of flow guide members 133 arranged
directionally in each of the drain passages. Referring to FIG. 4,
the first drain passage is configured to directionally convey
collected water drops in a first direction D1 until the collected
water drops reach the corresponding water absorption layer 14. The
second drain passage is configured to directionally convey
collected water drops to the third drain passage in a second
direction D2. The third drain passage is configured to
directionally convey collected water drops in a third direction D3
until the collected water drops reach the corresponding water
absorption layer 14.
[0096] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a specific
principle in which the plurality of flow guide members 133 arranged
directionally can directionally convey collected water drops is
that the inclined flow guide members 133 arranged directionally can
generate unbalanced resistances to the liquid, thereby driving the
liquid to be conveyed unidirectionally. The liquid is
unidirectionally conveyed by different resistances to the liquid in
advancing and receding directions. During a collection of the
liquid, a small advancing angle means a relatively low resistance
to a diffusion of the liquid. In order to reduce an additional
resistance of the moisture conveying layer substrate 135 to a
movement of the liquid, a hydrophilicity of a surface of the
moisture conveying layer substrate 135 can be increased by applying
the titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) particles to the surface, so that
the additional resistance of the moisture conveying layer substrate
135 to the movement of the liquid is minimized. A unidirectional
conveying capacity of the moisture conveying channel relates to the
depth W of the moisture conveying channel, the angle of inclination
a of the flow guide member 133, and the gap size d.
[0097] A resistance f per unit length to a movement of a liquid
drop on a plane may be given by the following formula (1):
f=.gamma.(cos .theta.-cos .theta.e) (1)
[0098] where f is the resistance per unit length to the movement of
the liquid drop (N/m), y is a surface tension, and .theta. is an
actual contact angle, .theta.e is an equilibrium contact angle, a
contact line 51 is a contact line of an equilibrium liquid 52, a
contact line 53 is a contact line of the equilibrium liquid 52 to
which a liquid 54 has been added, F.sub.equilibrium force is an
interfacial tension acting on a contact face of the equilibrium
liquid 52 where the equilibrium liquid 52 is in contact with the
bottom wall 131, and F.sub.actual driving force is a force acting
on the contact face to diffuse the liquid, and is equal to
F.sub.diffusion, as shown in FIG. 5. Assuming that l is a length of
the flow guide member 133 (referring to FIG. 3), dt is a diameter
or a thickness of the flow guide member 133 (referring to FIG. 3),
ls is a length of a contact line facing a diffusion direction, lt
is a length of a contact line, a relation between a total
resistance F.sub.total to a movement of the liquid and the contact
line and flow guide member 133 may be given by the following
formula (2):
F.sub.total=f*lt (2)
[0099] The length lt of the contact line facing the diffusion
direction is equal to the length ls of the contact line facing the
diffusion direction. The length ls of the contact line facing the
diffusion direction may be calculated by the following formula
(3):
ls=dt/sin .alpha. (3)
[0100] Let the length lt of the contact line in the formula (2) be
equal to the length ls of the contact line facing the diffusion
direction. The following formula (4) is obtained by substituting
the formulas (1) and (3) into the formula (2):
F.sub.diffuson=.gamma.*(cos .theta.-cos .theta.e)*dt/sin .alpha.
(4)
[0101] The length lt of the contact line facing a resistance
direction is equal to a length of a contact line facing the
resistance direction, and may be calculated by the following
formula (5):
lt=(W-d)/cos .alpha. (5)
[0102] A force F.sub.resistance acting on the liquid in the
resistance direction may be given by the following formula (6)
derived from the formula (2):
F.sub.resistance=.gamma.*(cos .theta.-cos .theta.e)*cos .alpha.*lt
(6)
[0103] The following formula (7) is obtained by substituting the
formula (5) into the formula (6):
F.sub.resistance=.gamma.*(W-d)*(cos .theta.-cos .theta.e) (7)
[0104] As shown in FIG. 6, a unidirectional water conveying
capacity of the drain passage is gradually increased in the case
where the depth W of the channel is equal to 4 mm, the gap size d
is increased from 0.35 mm to 0.5 mm, and the angle of inclination
.alpha. is increased from 15 degrees to 75 degrees. FIG. 6 shows
that a larger angle of inclination .alpha. is a primary condition
for a unidirectional diffusion of the liquid. In FIG. 6, a physical
quantity represented by the first row of the axis of abscissas is
the angle of inclination (degrees ".degree."), a physical quantity
represented by the second row of the axis of abscissas is the depth
W of the channel (mm), a physical quantity represented by the left
axis of ordinates is a diffusion coefficient (cm.sup.2/s) indicated
by the curve, and a physical quantity represented by the right axis
of ordinates is the gap size (mm) indicated by heights of
rectangles.
[0105] As shown in FIGS. 6-8, a unidirectional diffusion capability
of the liquid is maximum in the case where the angle of inclination
is 60.degree., the depth of the channel is 5 mm, and the gap size
is 0.6 mm. In FIGS. 7 and 8, the circles represent data in a
unidirectional diffusion, and the quadrangles represent data in a
bidirectional diffusion.
[0106] As shown in FIG. 8, in the case where the depth of the
channel is 2 mm, and the gap size is only 0.3 mm, a resistance is
excessively large and a total critical gap size is small so that
the liquid is not allowed to flow. The NULL in FIG. 8 represents a
null data set. As shown in FIGS. 7-8, there are two main factors
affecting a directionally conveying rate of the liquid. One of the
two main factors is the angle of inclination a of the flow guide
member 133, and the other is the depth of the channel. A
unidirectional conveying rate of the liquid can be increased by
increasing the depth of the channel and the angle of inclination
.alpha. of the flow guide member 133.
[0107] FIGS. 9-12 show a case in which a water drop 83 diffuses
from an upstream side (i.e. a first side) of the flow guide member
133 in a movement direction of the water drop towards a downstream
side (i.e. a second side) of the flow guide member 133 in the
movement direction of the water drop. The water drop 83 continually
increases in a first unit 81 between two flow guide members 133 due
to a collection of water. A leading edge of the water drop 83
always retains an arc shape until the water drop 83 diffuses
forwards from the first unit 81 towards a second unit 82. When the
water drop 83 diffuses forwards, the flow guide member 133 easily
pierces a surface of the water drop 83. Once the water drop 83
comes into contact with the surface 1311 (which may be, for
example, a hydrophilic surface or a super hydrophilic surface) of
the bottom wall 131, it will move forwards quickly. In comparison,
the water drop 83 difficultly flows in an opposite direction (for
example from the second unit 82 towards the first unit 81). In this
case, a driving force acting on the water drop mainly depends on a
free diffusion on the surface 1311 (which may be, for example, a
hydrophilic surface or a super hydrophilic surface) of the bottom
wall 131. For example, the driving force acting on the water drop
mainly depends on a free diffusion on a hydrophilic interface or a
super hydrophilic interface. In the present embodiment, a unit is
formed between two adjacent flow guide members 133.
[0108] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drain
passage can directionally convey water which is injected into the
drain passage at a flow rate of 300 ml/h. The flow guide members
133 of the drain passage are inclined in the same direction. Water
always diffuses unidirectionally along the drain passage regardless
of where the water is injected. The titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2)
particles added to the drain passage have a photocatalysis, so that
an endurance life of the hydrophilic layer 136 on the moisture
conveying layer substrate 135 can be guaranteed. Therefore, the
drain passage with such a structure may repeatedly unidirectionally
convey water, for example at least 10 times. In the case where the
material of the moisture conveying layer substrate 135 is
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), the liquid may be hindered by an
excessively large resistance of a surface of the PMMA substrate
from being conveyed for a long distance to be collected at one or
more flow guide members 133, if no titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) is
applied to the moisture conveying layer substrate.
[0109] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
display apparatus including a display module, and the display panel
according to any one of the above embodiments.
[0110] In the present embodiment, the moisture conveying layer is
disposed on the organic light-emitting diode to collect a moisture
and convey the collected moisture to the water absorption layer,
thereby reducing an amount of moisture entering the organic
light-emitting diode and thus prolonging a service life of the
organic light-emitting diode.
[0111] Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a
method of manufacturing the above display panel. The method
includes the following steps 1301-1303.
[0112] In the step 1301, the organic light-emitting diode is formed
on the display panel substrate.
[0113] In the step 1302, the moisture conveying layer which covers
the organic light-emitting diode is formed.
[0114] In the step 1303, the water absorption layer is formed on
the moisture conveying layer. The water absorption layer is located
at the side of the moisture conveying layer facing away from the
organic light-emitting diode, the moisture conveying layer is
configured to collect the moisture and convey the collected
moisture to the water absorption layer, and the water absorption
layer is configured to absorb the moisture.
[0115] In the present embodiment, the moisture conveying layer is
disposed on the organic light-emitting diode to collect a moisture
and convey the collected moisture to the water absorption layer,
thereby reducing an amount of moisture entering the organic
light-emitting diode and thus prolonging a service life of the
organic light-emitting diode.
[0116] In an embodiment, the step 1302 includes the following steps
1401-1402.
[0117] In the step 1401, the moisture conveying layer is
manufactured.
[0118] In the step 1402, the moisture conveying layer is adhered to
the organic light-emitting diode.
[0119] In an embodiment, the step 1401 includes the following steps
1501-1502.
[0120] In the step 1501, the hydrophilic layer is formed on the
moisture conveying layer substrate 135.
[0121] In the step 1502, the drain passage is formed.
[0122] In an embodiment, the material of the hydrophilic layer
includes titanium dioxide.
[0123] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the
process of manufacturing the moisture conveying layer is simple and
convenient, and has a low cost. The service life of the moisture
conveying layer is long.
[0124] It is to be noted that the display apparatus according to
the embodiments of the present disclosure may include any products
or parts having a display function such as an electronic paper, a
mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a
notebook computer, a digital frame, and a navigator.
[0125] In the embodiments, forming processes in the above
manufacturing methods may include, for example, a film forming
process such as depositing and sputtering, and a patterning process
such as etching.
[0126] It should be noted that in the drawings, sizes of layers and
regions may be exaggerated for the purpose of clarity of
illustrations. Furthermore, it can be understood that when an
element or a layer is referred to as being "on" another element or
layer, the former may be directly on the latter, or there may be an
intermediate element or layer between them. In addition, it can be
understood that when an element or a layer is referred to as being
"under" another element or layer, the former may be directly under
the latter, or there may be at least one intermediate element or
layer between them. Further, it can be understood that when an
element or a layer is referred to as being "between" two elements
or layers, it may be a unique one between the two elements or
layers, or there may be at least one additional intermediate
element or layer. Like reference numerals refer to like elements in
the description throughout.
[0127] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the terms
"first" and "second" are used for only descriptive purposes and
should not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative
importance. The term "plurality of" means two or more unless
otherwise explicitly defined.
[0128] Although some exemplary embodiments of the present
disclosure have been shown and described above, it would be
appreciated by a person skilled in the art that many modifications
or changes may be made therein without departing from the principle
and spirit of the present disclosure, the scope of which is defined
in the appended claims and their equivalents.
* * * * *