U.S. patent application number 16/598759 was filed with the patent office on 2020-04-16 for active stance last.
The applicant listed for this patent is The North Face Apparel Corp.. Invention is credited to Alexander Dardinski, David Joseph Dirsa, Tadd Nicholas Smith.
Application Number | 20200113279 16/598759 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 68393077 |
Filed Date | 2020-04-16 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200113279 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Dirsa; David Joseph ; et
al. |
April 16, 2020 |
ACTIVE STANCE LAST
Abstract
An article of footwear, a method of making the footwear, and an
active last for forming the footwear are described. An example
active last may comprise a heel portion disposed at a first end.
The active last may comprise a forefoot portion disposed adjacent a
second end, opposite the first end. At least a portion of the
forefoot portion may have a curvilinear shape that curves upwardly
from a horizontal axis to model an active stance.
Inventors: |
Dirsa; David Joseph;
(Brentwood, NH) ; Dardinski; Alexander;
(Newburyport, MA) ; Smith; Tadd Nicholas; (Rye,
NH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The North Face Apparel Corp. |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
68393077 |
Appl. No.: |
16/598759 |
Filed: |
October 10, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62744799 |
Oct 12, 2018 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B 1/0018 20130101;
A43B 13/14 20130101; A43B 13/141 20130101; A43D 3/02 20130101; A43B
7/144 20130101; A43B 13/02 20130101; A43B 13/181 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A43B 13/18 20060101
A43B013/18; A43B 7/14 20060101 A43B007/14; A43B 13/02 20060101
A43B013/02; A43B 13/14 20060101 A43B013/14 |
Claims
1. An active last for forming footwear comprising: a heel portion
disposed at a first end; and a forefoot portion disposed adjacent a
second end, opposite the first end, wherein at least a portion of
the forefoot portion has a curvilinear shape that curves upwardly
from a horizontal axis to model an active stance, and wherein an
angle of the forefoot portion from the horizontal axis is greater
than 25 degrees.
2. The active last of claim 1, wherein the footwear is configured
for at least one particular activity and an angle of the forefoot
portion from the horizontal axis is dependent upon the at least one
particular activity.
3. The active last of claim 1, further comprising an arch along a
bottom side of one or more of the heel portion or the forefoot
portion, and wherein a curve of the arch is based on the active
stance.
4. The active last of claim 1, wherein an angle of the forefoot
portion from the horizontal axis is from about 40 degrees to about
60 degrees.
5. The active last of claim 1, wherein an angle of the forefoot
portion from horizontal axis is about 50 degrees.
6. The active last of claim 1, further comprising a shaft extending
from a top side of the heel portion for modeling a leg, wherein a
length of the shaft allows for forming an upper to cover an ankle
of a wearer.
7. The active last of claim 6, wherein the shaft is canted based on
the active stance.
8. The active last of claim 6, wherein the shaft us canted from -20
degrees to +20 degrees from an axis that is perpendicular to the
horizontal axis.
9. The active last of claim 1, wherein a size of one or more of the
heel portion or the forefoot portion is adjusted for forming a
compression fit of an upper using a stretch material.
10. An article of footwear comprising: an upper comprising a front
portion for enclosing a forefoot, wherein the front portion has a
curvilinear shape that curves upwardly in a resting position from a
horizontal axis to fit an active stance of a wearer, wherein the
upper is configured to resist movement from the resting position;
and a flexible sole coupled to the upper, wherein an angle of the
front portion from the horizontal axis is greater than 25
degrees.
11. The article of claim 10, wherein the footwear is configured for
at least one particular activity and the active stance is dependent
upon the at least one particular activity.
12. The article of claim 10, wherein the footwear is configured for
at least one particular activity and an angle of the front portion
from the horizontal axis is dependent upon the at least one
particular activity.
13. The article of claim 10, wherein the front portion comprise a
plurality of flexible tubes disposed in a fabric side of the front
portion.
14. The article of claim 10, wherein an angle of the front portion
from the horizontal axis is from about 40 degrees to about 60
degrees.
15. The article of claim 10, wherein an angle of the front portion
from the horizontal axis is about 50 degrees.
16. The article of claim 10, wherein the upper comprises a back
portion having a top side and a bottom side, and wherein the top
side is configured to extend above an ankle of a wearer.
17. The article of claim 16, wherein the top side is canted based
on the active stance.
18. The article of claim 16, wherein the shaft us canted from -20
degrees to +20 degrees from an axis that is perpendicular to the
horizontal axis.
19. The article of claim 10, wherein the upper comprises a
plurality of fabric zones, each of the plurality of fabric zones
comprising a corresponding material.
20. A method of making footwear comprising: forming an upper
comprising a front portion, wherein in a resting position the front
portion has a curvilinear shape, based on a curved forefoot of an
active last used to form the upper, that curves upwardly from a
horizontal axis to fit an active stance of a wearer, wherein the
upper is configured to resist movement from the resting position;
and coupling a flexible sole to the upper, wherein an angle of the
front portion from the horizontal axis is from about 20 degrees to
about 60 degrees.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCED TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a non-provisional of and claims the
benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/744,799 filed Oct.
12, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its
entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Conventional footwear is formed for a neutral foot position
based on when a wearer is at rest, such as when a wearer is
standing in a resting position or sitting. When a wearer is more
active, the shape of the foot changes causing stress to the shoe
and irritation to the feet. When the footwear is often used in an
active stance, the repeated stress may more easily damage the shoe
and cause injury. Thus, there is a need for more sophisticated
footwear adapted for active use.
SUMMARY
[0003] An article of footwear, a method of making the footwear, and
an active last for forming the footwear are described. An example
active last may comprise a heel portion disposed at a first end.
The active last may comprise a forefoot portion disposed adjacent a
second end, opposite the first end. At least a portion of the
forefoot portion may have a curvilinear shape that curves upwardly
from a horizontal axis to model an active stance.
[0004] An example article of footwear may comprise an upper
comprising a front portion for enclosing a forefoot. The front
portion may have a curvilinear shape that curves upwardly in a
resting position from a horizontal axis to fit an active stance of
a wearer. The upper may be configured to resist movement from the
resting position. The article may comprise a flexible sole coupled
to the upper.
[0005] An example method of making footwear may comprise forming an
upper comprising a front portion. In a resting position the front
portion may have a curvilinear shape that curves upwardly from a
horizontal axis to fit an active stance of a wearer. The
curvilinear shape may be based on a curved forefoot of an active
last used to form the upper. The upper may be configured to resist
movement from the resting position. The method may comprise
coupling a flexible sole to the upper.
[0006] Additional advantages will be set forth in part in the
description which follows or may be learned by practice. It is to
be understood that both the foregoing general description and the
following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only
and are not restrictive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and
constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and
together with the description, serve to explain the principles of
the methods and systems.
[0008] FIG. 1 shows an example foot in an active stance.
[0009] FIG. 2A shows an example stage of forming footwear using an
active last.
[0010] FIG. 2B shows another stage of forming footwear using a
static last.
[0011] FIG. 2C shows yet another stage of forming footwear.
[0012] FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an example active
last.
[0013] FIG. 4 shows another perspective view of the example active
last.
[0014] FIG. 5 shows a side view of an example upper.
[0015] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example upper.
[0016] FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a method for forming
footwear.
[0017] FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of an example active
last.
[0018] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of an example static
last.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0019] An article of footwear, a method of making the footwear, and
an active last for forming the footwear are disclosed herein. The
active last of the present disclosure may be used to model an
active stance. Modeling the active stance may comprise having a
shape representative and/or similar to a shape of the active
stance. The shape may represent and/be based one curves, contours,
lengths, volumes, and/or the like of a foot. A model may comprise
an object and/or form of the same size of a representative foot or
a proportional size. The active last as a model does not need to
match exactly a particular foot, though such matching may be
appropriate in custom footwear. For example, one or more sections
of the active last may have a reduced or enlarged size. A width,
length, volume, and/or the like of the active last may be increased
to allow room for a sock in the resulting footwear made using the
active last. Modifications in the size of active last may allow for
added support, comfort, and/or to ensure that the resulting
footwear fits variations of feet shapes and sizes. For example, an
arch in the active last described herein may be increased in size
than is typical for a foot to provide greater arch support (e.g.,
for feet with smaller arches). The active last may be used for
forming at least a portion of footwear. As an example, the active
last in accordance with the present disclosure may be used for
forming an upper of footwear. The upper may be coupled with a sole
to form the footwear. The footwear of the present disclosure may
have a natural position (e.g., resting position) that accommodates
(e.g., fits) a foot of a wearer when in an active stance. The
nature position may provide a comfortable fit through use of
flexible and/or stretchable materials in the upper and sole. These
flexible and/or stretchable materials may allow the footwear to
still be comfortable even when the user is in a relaxed stance,
instead of an active stance. The fit may relate to various sizes.
For example, the footwear may be formed in a variety of sizes, and
wearers may select the size that the wearer judges to be most
comfortable.
[0020] FIG. 1 shows an example foot in an active stance (e.g., or
active position). Conventional shoes may not perform well when a
wearer is in an active stance. An active stance may be a stance
associated with movement of the foot and/or balancing on a portion
of a foot. In the active stance, a person may be engaged in an
activity, such as running, exercising, walking, jumping, and/or the
like. In the active stance, the foot may be supported (e.g.,
balanced on, resting on) by a forefoot, the wearer's toes, the ball
(e.g., padded portion of the sole between toes and arch) of the
wearer's foot, and/or the like. In a supported and/or balanced
state, a wearer may be able to stand on only a portion of the foot
without falling. In a supported and/or balanced state, a wearer may
be able to may be able to run, jump, or perform any action without
loss of control. In the active stance, muscles may be contracted,
flexed, and/or the like to support and/or balance the wear. In the
active stance, the wearer may be ready to perform an activity
(e.g., without or with little hesitation). In a relaxed stance, a
foot may remain stationary and/or rest substantially flat on a
surface.
[0021] The foot has a dynamic shape as the foot changes from a
relaxed stance to an active stance. The arch changes shape
significantly as the foot flexes. The arch lifts up pulling away
from the sole of a shoe creating opportunities for irritation. The
foot has a dynamic length as the foot changes from a relaxed stance
to the active stance. The top of the foot shortens in length as the
foot flexes. This shortening in length can create wrinkles in an
upper of a shoe. The wrinkles may distort the upper thereby
compromising fit, support, shape, and/or the like. In the active
stance, the angle between the foot and the ankle/leg may change
(e.g., decrease). This change may be referred to as canting (e.g.,
tilting, angling) of the leg with respect to the foot. Example
properties relating to the foot may comprise the angle of flex in
the forefoot of e.g., 30 degrees, and the angle of ankle flex of
e.g., 17 degrees.
[0022] FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, and FIG. 2C show formation of footwear 210
based on an active stance and a static stance. FIG. 2A shows a
stage in the formation of the footwear 210. The stage may use an
example active last 202 (e.g., form, model, last). The active last
202 may be used to form an upper 204 (e.g., or upper pattern). The
upper 204 may be formed above, around, upon, on top of, and/or the
like the active last 202. The upper 204 may take the shape of
and/or conform to the shape of the active last 202.
[0023] The active last 202 and the upper 204 may be based on an
active stance. The active last 202 may model a foot in an active
stance. The active last may model a shape (e.g., general shape) of
the foot in the active stance. The active last 202 may omit
detailed features of the foot, such as veins, bones, and/or
individual toes. Similar to the active stance shown in FIG. 1, the
active last 202 may have a curvilinear shape. The curvilinear shape
may comprise a curve that models a natural curve of a foot when in
an active stance. Similar to the active last 202, the upper 204 may
have a curvilinear shape. The curvilinear shape may comprise a
curve that models a natural curve of a foot when in an active
stance.
[0024] The active last 202 may be a customized last that has been
engineered to model a foot in the active stance. Three-dimensional
scanning or other measurement technique may be employed based on
sound waves, light reflection (e.g., LIDAR), radio waves (e.g.,
RADAR), millimeter waves, magnetic resonance imaging, video
capture, image capture, and/or the like. These measurements may be
used to construct a software based model. The software based model,
and/or associated measurements (e.g., or instructions based on
measurements) may be input into a manufacturing device, such as a
3D-printer, computer numerical control (CNC) device, robot, laser
cutter, and/or the like. The manufacturing device may form the
active last using wood, plastic, metal, ceramic, and/or other
materials.
[0025] FIG. 2B shows another stage of forming the footwear 210.
This stage may occur before, after, or simultaneous to the stage
shown in FIG. 2A. In this stage, a static last 206 may be used. The
static last 206 may be used to form a sole 208. The sole 208 may be
formed under the static last 206.
[0026] The static last 206 may have features customized as
described further herein. For example, the static last 206 may
comprise a customized version of a production last. The static last
206 may model a relaxed stance (e.g., or more closely model the
relaxed stance than the active last 202). The static last 206 may
have an arch that is less curved than the active last 202. The
static last 206 may have a curve in the forefoot that is based on a
resting position. The static last 206 may have a forefoot that is
curved upward less than the curve of the active last 202. Example
angles of forefoot flex for the static last may be from 0 to 20
degrees. Example angles of forefoot flex for the active last may be
from 30 to 50 degrees, but could be made to accommodate 90 degrees
in certain end-use case.
[0027] The sole 208 may be formed according to a shape of (e.g.,
the bottom of) the static last 206. The sole 208 may have one or
more angles, curves, and/or the like that match the shape of the
static last 206. The sole 208 may be a flexible sole. However, the
level of flexibility or elasticity may be configured for a
particular footwear article. The sole 208 (e.g., or sole unit) may
be engineered (e.g., determined, formed, designed) using the static
last 206 to fit the foot in a relaxed stance (e.g., static
position).
[0028] FIG. 2C shows yet another stage of forming footwear 210. In
this stage, the footwear 210 is formed by combining the upper 204
and sole 208. The footwear 210 may be formed by attaching (e.g.,
gluing, fastening, pressing, melting) the upper 204 to the sole
208. The upper 204 may be pressed to the sole 208 using the static
last 206.
[0029] The resulting footwear 210 may be spring-loaded. The
footwear 210 may be configured to spring back (e.g., revert back,
move back, return) from an unnatural position (e.g., when a force
is applied to distort the shape) into the natural or resting
position of the footwear 210. The footwear 210 may resist movement
from the resting or natural position (e.g., active stance). The
sole 208 may be flexible enough to adapt to the terrain. The
resting position of the footwear 210 may be different than the
resting position of the upper 204 before assembly into the footwear
210. The angle of a front portion of the upper 204 may be different
than an angle of a front portion of the sole. This difference may
result from difference in angles of the active last 202 and static
last 206. The difference in angles in the upper 204 and the sole
208 may cause tension between the sole 208 and upper 204. The
tension may be due to the exertion of opposing forces between the
sole 208 and the upper 204. The resting position of the footwear
210 may be an equilibrium between the opposing forces. The upper
204 may more stretchable than the sole 208. The sole 208 may be
more rigid than the upper 204. When the upper 204 and sole 208 are
assembled together, the sole 208 may cause the upper 204 to be in a
stretched state in the resting position of the footwear 210. The
upper 204 may further stretch and unstretch in response to movement
of the foot.
[0030] FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the example active last
300. The active last 300 may comprise solid (or hollow) model that
may be shaped like a foot. The model may be shaped to facilitate
forming footwear to the active stance of a foot as opposed to a
flat stance or inactive position, as is conventional. The active
last 300 may comprise a heel portion 302. The heel portion 302 may
be disposed at a first end 304 (e.g., of the active last 300). The
active last 300 may comprise a forefoot portion 306. The forefoot
portion 306 may be disposed adjacent a second end 308 (e.g., of the
active last 300). The second end 308 may be opposite the first end
304.
[0031] At least a portion of the forefoot portion 306 may have a
curvilinear shape. The curvilinear shape may curve upwardly from a
horizontal axis 310. The curvilinear shape may model an active
stance. The curvilinear shape may be indicative of and/or comprise
a toe spring in which the toes are angled to support the foot. The
curvilinear shape may comprise a bend (e.g., a curve, a curved
bend) on a topside of the forefoot portion 306. The curvilinear
shape may comprise a bend (e.g., a curve, a curved bend) on a
bottom side of the forefoot portion 306. The bend may transition
into a linear shape. The curvilinear shape may comprise a top side
and a bottom side that straighten after the bend. The top side and
bottom side may gradually taper as the top side and/or bottom side
extend towards a rounded tip at the second end 308.
[0032] The active last 300 may comprise an arch 312 along a bottom
side 314 of one or more of the heel portion 302 or the forefoot
portion 306. A curve of the arch 312 may be based on the active
stance. For example, one or more measurements may be determined for
a foot (e.g., or a variety of feet of different sizes). The one or
more measurements may comprise three-dimensional scan data. The
curve of the arch 312 may be based on the one or more measurements,
the three-dimensional scan data, and/or the like. In certain
aspects, the bottom area of the last known as the "bottom paper"
may match between the active and the static last.
[0033] An angle 316 of the forefoot portion 306 may be based on an
angle associated with the active stance. For example, one or more
measurements may be determined for a foot (e.g., or feet of a
variety of different sizes). An average angle of the active stance
may be determined (e.g., generally, or for a specific footwear
size). The angle 316 of the forefoot portion 306 from the
horizontal axis 310 may be more than 20 degrees, more than 30
degrees, more than 40 degrees, more than 50 degrees, and/or from
about 40 degrees to about 60 degrees. The angle 316 of the forefoot
portion 306 from the horizontal axis 310 may be from about 45
degrees to about 55 degrees. The angle 316 of the forefoot portion
306 from the horizontal axis 310 may be from about 48 degrees to
about 52 degrees. The angle 316 of the forefoot portion 306 from
the horizontal axis 310 may be from about 49 degrees to about 51
degrees. The angle 316 of the forefoot portion 306 from the
horizontal axis 310 may be about 50 degrees. As an example,
footwear may be designed or configured for at least one particular
end-use or activity. As a further example, an end-use of road
running, trail running, or hiking the forefoot flex angle may be
around 30 degrees. However other angles may be used as this is an
illustrative example only. As a further example, a 90 degree active
last may be configured to allow the foot to flex the full range of
motion of 90 degrees where the end user is engaging in activities
such as push-ups, planks, yoga, etc. Other activities and
configurations of the active last may be used.
[0034] The active last 300 may comprise a shaft 318 extending from
a top side 320 of the heel portion 302 for modeling a leg. A length
of the shaft 318 may allow for forming an upper to cover an ankle
of a wearer. The shaft 318 may be canted (e.g., tilted, angled).
The shaft 318 may be canted based on the active stance or dependent
on an angle of the active stance. The shaft 318 may be canted
forward (e.g., 0 to +25 degrees relative to axis 317) toward the
toe or second end 308, or may be canted backward (e.g., 0 to -25
degrees relative to axis 317) away from the toe or second end 308.
The shaft 318 may be canted from about 0 degrees to +/-25 degrees
toward or away from the toe or second end 308 relative to an axis
317 orthogonal to the horizontal axis 310 toward. The shaft 318 may
be canted from about +/-10 degrees to +/-25 degrees toward or away
from the toe or second end 308. The shaft 318 may be canted from
about +/-15 degrees to about +/-20 degrees toward or away from the
toe or second end 308. As a non-limiting example, the shaft 318 may
be canted forward or away from the axis 317 by about +/-17 degrees.
Canted may comprise dorsiflexion. The dorsiflexion of the active
last (as it relates to the foot) +/-10 to 25 degrees, +/-15 to 20
degrees, and/or about +/-17 degrees.
[0035] A size of one or more of the heel portion 302 or the
forefoot portion 306 may be adjusted for forming a compression fit
of an upper using a stretch material. The size may be adjusted by
increasing or decreasing the volume. The volume of the active last
300 may be adjusted to account for the stretch material. For
example, the volume may be decreased if a stretch material is
used.
[0036] FIG. 4 shows another perspective view of the example active
last 300. The active last 300 is shown in an active stance position
to illustrate that the active last 300 models the active stance
shown in FIG.1.
[0037] FIG. 5 shows a side view of an example upper 500. The upper
500 may be part of an article of footwear as described herein. The
upper 500 may comprise an upper portion (e.g., fabric portion) of
the footwear that is typically attached to a sole. The upper 500
may comprise a front portion 502 for enclosing a forefoot (e.g., of
a wearer, when assembled as footwear).
[0038] The front portion 502 may have a curvilinear shape. The
curvilinear shape may curve upwardly from a horizontal axis (e.g.,
such as horizontal axis 310). For example, the curvilinear shape
may comprise a bend in the upper 500. The bend may be between the
front portion 502 and a back portion 504 of the upper 500. The
curvilinear shape may curve upwardly in a resting position. The
resting position may be the natural position of the upper 500
and/or footwear in which the upper 500 is assembled. The resting
position may be a position in which no force or minimal force is
applied to the upper 500 and/or footwear in which the upper 500 is
assembled. The curvilinear shape may be based on active stance of a
wearer. The curvilinear shape may curve upwardly to fit an active
stance of a wearer. The curvilinear shape may curve more than a
curve of an upper patterned based on a relaxed stance (e.g., or
static stance).
[0039] The curvilinear shape of the upper 500 may be based on the
curvilinear shape of the active last (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3-4).
An angle of the front portion 502 from the horizontal axis may be
from about 40 degrees to about 60 degrees. The angle of the front
portion 502 from the horizontal axis may be from about 45 degrees
to about 55 degrees. The angle of the front portion 502 from the
horizontal axis may be from about 48 degrees to about 52 degrees.
The angle of the front portion 502 from the horizontal axis may be
from about 49 degrees to about 51 degrees. The angle of the front
portion 502 from horizontal axis may be about 50 degrees.
[0040] The upper 500 may be configured to resist movement from the
resting position. The upper 500 may comprise a flexible, resilient,
stretchable, breathable, flexible, and/or the like material. The
upper 500 may be configured to hold the curvilinear shape when no
force or a small amount of force is applied. The upper 500 may be
configured to return to, move back to, spring back to, and/or the
like the original and/or natural form (e.g., resting position) of
the upper 500 (e.g., when assembled in footwear by itself) after a
force is applied. The upper 500 may apply a force to resist the
shape of a sole attached to the upper 500. As an example, the upper
500 may be configured to be elastic enough to return to the
original shape of the active last during flex. The upper 500 may be
configured to not exceed the elastic limit of the material when in
the static position. In other words, the upper 500 may be elastic
enough to allow the foot to overcome the tension of the upper and
rest in the static position without too much resistance. The
direction of the elasticity may be oriented from heel to toe to
allow this. The upper 500 may be engineered to have a bias in
stretch. For instance, the upper 500 may stretch more from the heel
to toe direction than in the lateral to medial direction.
[0041] The front portion 502 may comprise a plurality of flexible
members 506. The plurality of flexible members 506 may comprise a
plurality of flexible tubes. The plurality of flexible members 506
may be disposed within a fabric layer of the upper 500 (e.g., or a
fabric layer of the front portion 502). The plurality of flexible
members 506 may comprise a flexible material. Plurality of flexible
members 506 may be hollow. The plurality of flexible members 506
allow the foot to easily overcome the toe-spring (e.g., the
curvilinear shape). This configuration maximizes ground contact
while still providing continuous support from the compression fit.
As an example, the tubes are formed via an engineered knitting
process as one integrated component. The tubes may be formed by
bonding two layers together, such as understood in pre-stretch
hot-melt processes.
[0042] As previously mentioned, the upper 500 may comprise a back
portion 504. The front portion 502 may extend from the back portion
504. The back portion 504 may extend from the front portion 502.
The back portion 504 may comprise a top side 508. The back portion
504 may comprise a bottom side 510. The top side 508 may be
disposed to enclose an ankle of a wearer. The top side 508 may
extend above an ankle of a wearer. The top side 508 may be canted
(e.g., titled, angled) based on the active stance. The top side 508
may be canted forward. The top side 508 may be canted forward from
about 10 degrees to about 25 degrees. The top side 508 may be
canted forward from about 15 degrees to about 20 degrees. As a
non-limiting example, the top side 508 may be canted forward 17
degrees.
[0043] The upper 500 may comprise one or more fabric layers. The
one or more fabric layers may comprise dynamic fibers, flexible
fibers, moisture resistant fibers, thermally resistant or
conductive fibers, a combination thereof, and/or the like. The one
or more fabric layers may comprise polyester fibers, spandex
fibers, a combination thereof, and/or the like. The upper 500 may
comprise knit, such as flat-knitting, engineered flat knitting,
and/or the like. The upper 500 may comprise a base fabric layer,
such as a one-piece base fabric layer comprising the front portion
502 and the back portion 504. As another example, the base fabric
layer may comprise multiple pieces. For example, the front portion
502 may be one piece, and the back portion 504 may be another
piece. The front portion 502 and the back portion 504 may be
attached together. The one or more fabric layers, the base layer,
and/or the knit may be shaped based on the active last described
herein. The one or more fabric layers may be moisture resistant.
The one or more fabric layers may be coated with a moisture
resistant material. Durable water repellant (DWR) may be integrated
into (e.g., or coated on to) the fibers of the one or more fabric
layers. For example, whole-shoe coating may be applied to cause the
shedding of moisture due to the elements or perspiration. The upper
500 (e.g., the one or more fabric layers) may be formed by laser
cutting.
[0044] The upper 500 may comprise a plurality of fabric zones 512.
The plurality of fabric zones 512 may be integrated (e.g., knit,
interwoven, applied) into the one or more fabric layers. One or
more (or each) of the plurality of fabric zones 512 may comprise a
corresponding material. The materials may be associated with
corresponding characteristics (e.g., performance characteristics),
such as strength characteristics, durability characteristics,
thermo-regulatory characteristics, comfort characteristics,
safety/visibility characteristics and/or the like. For example, one
or more specialty yarns may be formed (e.g., knit) in the plurality
of fabric zones 512. One zone may be associated with one set of
characteristics (e.g., a single or combination of characteristics).
Another zone may be associated with another set of characteristics.
The materials may comprise nylon (e.g., high tenacity nylon),
dyneema, a combination thereof, and/or the like (e.g., for adding
strength to one or more of the plurality of zones). The material
may comprise TPU sheath, polyester core yarns, a combination
thereof, and/or the like (e.g., for adding durability to one or
more of the plurality of zones,). The materials may comprise hollow
core nylon, wool, nylon, a combination thereof, and/or the like
(e.g., for adding thermo-regulation to one or more of the plurality
of zones). The materials may comprise spun polyester, and/or the
like (e.g., for adding comfort to one or more of the plurality of
zones). The materials may comprise a reflective material, a
luminescent material, a combination thereof, and/or the like (for
adding safety and/or visibility to one or more of the plurality of
zones). As an example, low temperature Hotmelt TPU yarns may be
used in areas 510 and 502. As a further example, area 508 may be
spandex yarns. As yet a further example, areas 506 and 504 may be
high stretch polyester yarn or a blend of spandex and polyester
yarns. However, other materials may be used.
[0045] The upper 500 may be coupled (e.g., glued, attached,
affixed, fastened) to a flexible sole (e.g., as shown in FIG. 2C).
The flexible sole may comprise a flexible material, such as rubber.
The upper 500 may be coupled to the sole using a static last as
described herein.
[0046] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example upper 600. The
upper 600 may comprise some or all of the features of the example
uppers as described elsewhere herein. The upper 600 may comprise
additional features. The upper 600 may comprise one or more lace
loops 602, such as eye-stay lace loops. The lace loops 602 may be
hot-melt bonded to the interior of the upper 600. The lace loops
602 may be fed through the quarter panel to the exterior of the
upper 600.
[0047] The upper 600 may comprise an ankle support 604. The ankle
support 604 may be integrated into or attached to the one or more
fabric layers. The ankle support 604 may provide support (e.g.,
proprioceptive support) at the ankle joint (e.g., without
compromising fit or ease-of-entry).
[0048] The upper 600 may comprise a heel reinforcement 606. The
heel reinforcement 606 may be integrated into or attached to the
one or more fabric layers. The heel reinforcement 606 comprise a
one-piece heel reinforcement. The heel reinforcement 606 may be
disposed to reduce heel slip and/or increase comfort in the heel.
The heel reinforcement 606 may be hot-melt bonded over the heel
seam (e.g., greatly reducing heel slip and eliminating irritation
from the seam).
[0049] The upper 600 may comprise a quarter reinforcement 608. The
quarter reinforcement 608 may be integrated into or attached to the
one or more fabric layers. The quarter reinforcement 608 may be
disposed in a quarter area of the upper 600. The quarter
reinforcement 608 may be disposed to lock the foot down (e.g.,
decrease movement of the foot). The quarter reinforcement 608 may
be disposed to provide lateral support.
[0050] The front portion (e.g., or forefoot) of the upper 600 may
have no or minimal reinforcement to allow the foot to splay (e.g.,
to take full advantage of the comfort that the knit construction
offers).
[0051] FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a method for forming footwear.
At step 702, an upper may be formed. Forming the upper may comprise
forming one or more fabric layers. One or more fabric zones of
various characteristics may be integrated (e.g., knit) into the one
or more fabric layers. The fabric zones may support various
functions such as comfort, moisture control, thermal control,
durability, strength, and/or the like.
[0052] The upper may be formed using an active last. The active
last may be formed. The active last may be formed based on one or
parameters, measurements, three models, and/or the like associated
with an active stance. The active last may comprise the active last
as described herein. The upper may be formed on (e.g., above,
around, over, upon) the active last. For example, the upper may be
knit on top of the active list.
[0053] The upper may comprise a front portion. The front portion
may have a curvilinear shape. The front portion may have a
curvilinear shape in a resting position. The curvilinear shape may
be based on a curved forefoot of an active last used to form the
upper. The curvilinear shape may curve upwardly from a horizontal
axis (e.g., horizontal axis 310) to fit an active stance of a
wearer. An angle of the front portion from the horizontal axis may
be more than 20 degrees, more than 30 degrees, more than 40
degrees, more than 50 degrees, and/or from about 40 degrees to
about 60 degrees. The angle of the front portion from the
horizontal axis may be from about 45 degrees to about 55 degrees.
The angle of the front portion from the horizontal axis may be from
about 48 degrees to about 52 degrees. The angle of the front
portion from the horizontal axis may be from about 49 degrees to
about 51 degrees. The angle of the front portion from horizontal
axis may be about 50 degrees.
[0054] The upper may be configured to resist movement from the
resting position. The upper may comprise a flexible, resilient,
stretchable, breathable, flexible, and/or the like material. The
upper may be configured to hold the curvilinear shape when no force
or a small amount of force is applied. The upper may be configured
to return to, move back to, spring back to, and/or the like the
original and/or natural form (e.g., resting position) of the upper
(e.g., when assembled in footwear by itself) after a force is
applied. The upper may apply a force to resist the shape of a sole
attached to the upper.
[0055] The upper may comprise a back portion. The back portion may
comprise a top side and a bottom side. The top side may be
configured to extend above an ankle of a wearer. The top side may
be canted based on the active stance. The top side may be canted
forward from about 10 degrees to about 25 degrees. The top side may
be canted forward from about 15 degrees to about 20 degrees. As a
non-limiting example, the top side may be canted forward 17
degrees.
[0056] At step 704, a flexible sole may be coupled to the upper. A
static last may be formed. The static last may comprise the static
last as described herein. Coupling the sole to the upper may be
based on the static last. The sole may be formed based on the
static last. The static last may be used to press the sole to the
upper. The static last may be different than the active last. The
forefoot of the active last may be curved more than a forefoot of
the static last. The forefoot of the active last may have an amount
of curvature with respect to the horizontal axis that is greater
than an amount of curvature with respect to the horizontal axis
than a forefoot of the static last. The active last may comprise a
first arch on a bottom side of the active last. The static last may
comprise a second arch on a bottom side of the static last. The
first arch may be larger than the second arch. The first arch may
be longer, deeper, wider, more contoured, and/or the like than the
second arch. In some scenarios, the static last may have no arch or
a minimal arch in comparison to the active last.
[0057] The present disclosure comprises at least the following
aspects:
[0058] Aspect 1: An active last for forming footwear comprising: a
heel portion disposed at a first end; and a forefoot portion
disposed adjacent a second end, opposite the first end, wherein at
least a portion of the forefoot portion has a curvilinear shape
that curves upwardly from a horizontal axis to model an active
stance, and wherein an angle of the forefoot portion from the
horizontal axis is greater than 25 degrees.
[0059] Aspect 2: The active last of claim 1, wherein the footwear
is configured for at least one particular activity and an angle of
the forefoot portion from the horizontal axis is dependent upon the
at least one particular activity.
[0060] Aspect 3: The active last of any of claims 1-2, further
comprising an arch along a bottom side of one or more of the heel
portion or the forefoot portion, and wherein a curve of the arch is
configured based on the active stance.
[0061] Aspect 4: The active last of any of claims 1-3, wherein an
angle of the forefoot portion from the horizontal axis is from
about 40 degrees to about 60 degrees.
[0062] Aspect 5: The active last of any of claims 1-4, wherein an
angle of the forefoot portion from horizontal axis is about 50
degrees.
[0063] Aspect 6: The active last of any of claims 1-5, further
comprising a shaft extending from a top side of the heel portion
for modeling a leg, wherein a length of the shaft allows for
forming an upper to cover an ankle of a wearer.
[0064] Aspect 7: The active last of claim 6, wherein the shaft is
canted based on the active stance.
[0065] Aspect 8: The active last of claim 6, wherein the shaft us
canted from -20 degrees to +20 degrees from an axis that is
perpendicular to the horizontal axis.
[0066] Aspect 9: The active last of any of claims 1-8, wherein a
size of one or more of the heel portion or the forefoot portion is
adjusted for forming a compression fit of an upper using a stretch
material.
[0067] Aspect 10: An article of footwear comprising: an upper
comprising a front portion for enclosing a forefoot, wherein the
front portion has a curvilinear shape that curves upwardly in a
resting position from a horizontal axis to fit an active stance of
a wearer, wherein the upper is configured to resist movement from
the resting position; and a flexible sole coupled to the upper,
wherein an angle of the front portion from the horizontal axis is
greater than 25 degrees.
[0068] Aspect 11: The article of claim 10, wherein the footwear is
configured for at least one particular activity and the active
stance is dependent upon the at least one particular activity.
[0069] Aspect 12: The article of any of claims 10-11, wherein the
footwear is configured for at least one particular activity and an
angle of the front portion from the horizontal axis is dependent
upon the at least one particular activity.
[0070] Aspect 13: The article of any of claims 10-12, wherein the
front portion comprise a plurality of flexible tubes disposed in a
fabric side of the front portion.
[0071] Aspect 14: The article of any of claims 10-13, wherein an
angle of the front portion from the horizontal axis is from about
40 degrees to about 60 degrees.
[0072] Aspect 15: The article of any of claims 10-14, wherein an
angle of the front portion from the horizontal axis is about 50
degrees.
[0073] Aspect 16: The article of any of claims 10-16, wherein the
upper comprises a back portion having a top side and a bottom side,
and wherein the top side is configured to extend above an ankle of
a wearer.
[0074] Aspect 17: The article of claim 16, wherein the top side is
canted based on the active stance.
[0075] Aspect 18: The article of claim 16, wherein the top side is
canted from -20 degrees to +20 degrees from an axis that is
perpendicular to the horizontal
[0076] Aspect 19: The article of any of claims 10-18, wherein the
upper comprises a plurality of fabric zones, each of the plurality
of fabric zones comprising a corresponding material.
[0077] Aspect 20: A method of making footwear comprising: forming
an upper comprising a front portion, wherein in a resting position
the front portion has a curvilinear shape, based on a curved
forefoot of an active last used to form the upper, that curves
upwardly from a horizontal axis to fit an active stance of a
wearer, wherein the upper is configured to resist movement from the
resting position; and coupling a flexible sole to the upper.
[0078] Aspect 21: The method of claim 20, further comprising
forming the active last and forming a static last, wherein coupling
the sole to the upper is based on the static last, wherein the
forefoot of the active last has an amount of curvature with respect
to the horizontal axis that is greater than an amount of curvature
with respect to the horizontal axis than a forefoot of the static
last.
[0079] Aspect 22: The method of claim 21, wherein the active last
comprises a first arch on a bottom side of the active last and the
static last has a second arch on a bottom side of the static last,
and wherein the first arch is larger than the second arch.
[0080] Aspect 23: The method of any of claims 20-22, wherein an
angle of the front portion from the horizontal axis is from about
40 degrees to about 60 degrees.
[0081] Aspect 24: The method of any of claims 20-23, wherein an
angle of the front portion from the horizontal axis is about 50
degrees.
[0082] Aspect 25: The method of any of claims 20-24, wherein the
upper comprises a back portion, wherein the back portion comprises
a top side and a bottom side, and wherein the top side is
configured to extend above an ankle of a wearer.
[0083] FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of an example active last.
The active last may have the features of the example active lasts
as described elsewhere herein. FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of
an example static last. The static last may have the features of
the example static lasts as described elsewhere herein. The static
last may be used for pressing the upper to the sole. The static
last may differ from a typical production last. The heel/ball
offset may be reduced as compared to a typical production last. The
heel/ball offset may be reduced to put the foot in a more neutral
position. The heel/ball offset may be reduced, for example, to 4
mm. The arch in the arch area may differ from the arch of the
active last. The arch added to the active last may not be included
in the static last. The volume of the static last may be adjusted
to account for stretch materials. The static last may have a
sock-liner allowance. The sock-liner allowance may be selected to
protect the foot and reduce the sensation of the arch lifting off
the sole unit during flex. For example, the sock-liner allowance
may be 6mm. The static last may have an increased toe spring (e.g.,
upward curve of the front portion) as compared to a typical
production last. In certain aspects, differences between the active
and static lasts allow one to pre-tension the upper for a
particular end-use or activity (e.g., hiking, trail running, street
running, etc.). In other aspects, the static last may be configured
with a negative toe spring to accommodate the full range of
plantarflexion so that the foot can have a complete range of motion
for an activity such as rock-climbing, dance, or martial arts, for
example.
[0084] It is to be understood that the methods and systems are not
limited to specific methods, specific components, or to particular
implementations. It is also to be understood that the terminology
used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments
only and is not intended to be limiting.
[0085] As used in the specification and the appended claims, the
singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless
the context clearly dictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed
herein as from "about" one particular value, and/or to "about"
another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another
embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the
other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as
approximations, by use of the antecedent "about," it will be
understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It
will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges
are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and
independently of the other endpoint.
[0086] "Optional" or "optionally" means that the subsequently
described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the
description includes instances where said event or circumstance
occurs and instances where it does not.
[0087] Throughout the description and claims of this specification,
the word "comprise" and variations of the word, such as
"comprising" and "comprises," means "including but not limited to,"
and is not intended to exclude, for example, other components,
integers or steps. "Exemplary" means "an example of and is not
intended to convey an indication of a preferred or ideal
embodiment. "Such as" is not used in a restrictive sense, but for
explanatory purposes.
[0088] Ranges can be expressed herein as from one value (first
value) to another value (second value). When such a range is
expressed, the range includes in some aspects one or both of the
first value and the second value. Similarly, when values are
expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent `about,` it
will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect.
It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the
ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and
independently of the other endpoint. It is also understood that
there are a number of values disclosed herein, and that each value
is also herein disclosed as "about" that particular value in
addition to the value itself. For example, if the value "10" is
disclosed, then "about 10" is also disclosed. It is also understood
that each unit between two particular units are also disclosed. For
example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11, 12, 13, and 14 are
also disclosed.
[0089] As used herein, the terms "about" and "at or about" mean
that the amount or value in question can be the designated value,
approximately the designated value, or about the same as the
designated value. It is generally understood, as used herein, that
it is the nominal value indicated .+-.10% variation unless
otherwise indicated or inferred. The term is intended to convey
that similar values promote equivalent results or effects recited
in the claims. That is, it is understood that amounts, sizes,
formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics
are not and need not be exact, but can be approximate and/or larger
or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors,
rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors
known to those of skill in the art. In general, an amount, size,
formulation, parameter or other quantity or characteristic is
"about" or "approximate" whether or not expressly stated to be
such. It is understood that where "about" is used before a
quantitative value, the parameter also includes the specific
quantitative value itself, unless specifically stated
otherwise.
[0090] Components are described that may be used to perform the
described methods and systems. When combinations, subsets,
interactions, groups, etc., of these components are described, it
is understood that while specific references to each of the various
individual and collective combinations and permutations of these
may not be explicitly described, each is specifically contemplated
and described herein, for all methods and systems. This applies to
all aspects of this application including, but not limited to,
operations in described methods. Thus, if there are a variety of
additional operations that may be performed it is understood that
each of these additional operations may be performed with any
specific embodiment or combination of embodiments of the described
methods.
[0091] The present methods and systems may be understood more
readily by reference to the following detailed description of
preferred embodiments and the examples included therein and to the
Figures and their descriptions.
[0092] As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the
methods and systems may take the form of an entirely hardware
embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment
combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the methods
and systems may take the form of a computer program product on a
computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program
instructions (e.g., computer software) embodied in the storage
medium. More particularly, the present methods and systems may take
the form of web-implemented computer software. Any suitable
computer-readable storage medium may be utilized including hard
disks, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage
devices.
[0093] Embodiments of the methods and systems are described below
with reference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of
methods, systems, apparatuses and computer program products. It
will be understood that each block of the block diagrams and
flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block
diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, may be
implemented by computer program instructions. These computer
program instructions may be loaded on a general-purpose computer,
special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing
apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions which
execute on the computer or other programmable data processing
apparatus create a means for implementing the functions specified
in the flowchart block or blocks.
[0094] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a
computer-readable memory that may direct a computer or other
programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular
manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable
memory produce an article of manufacture including
computer-readable instructions for implementing the function
specified in the flowchart block or blocks. The computer program
instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other
programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of
operational steps to be performed on the computer or other
programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process
such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other
programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions
specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
[0095] The various features and processes described above may be
used independently of one another, or may be combined in various
ways. All possible combinations and sub-combinations are intended
to fall within the scope of this disclosure. In addition, certain
methods or process blocks may be omitted in some implementations.
The methods and processes described herein are also not limited to
any particular sequence, and the blocks or states relating thereto
may be performed in other sequences that are appropriate. For
example, described blocks or states may be performed in an order
other than that specifically described, or multiple blocks or
states may be combined in a single block or state. The example
blocks or states may be performed in serial, in parallel, or in
some other manner. Blocks or states may be added to or removed from
the described example embodiments. The example systems and
components described herein may be configured differently than
described. For example, elements may be added to, removed from, or
rearranged compared to the described example embodiments.
[0096] While the methods and systems have been described in
connection with preferred embodiments and specific examples, it is
not intended that the scope be limited to the particular
embodiments set forth, as the embodiments herein are intended in
all respects to be illustrative rather than restrictive.
[0097] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended
that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its
operations be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a
method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by
its operations or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the
claims or descriptions that the operations are to be limited to a
specific order, it is no way intended that an order be inferred, in
any respect. This holds for any possible non-express basis for
interpretation, including: matters of logic with respect to
arrangement of steps or operational flow; plain meaning derived
from grammatical organization or punctuation; and the number or
type of embodiments described in the specification.
[0098] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various
modifications and variations may be made without departing from the
scope or spirit of the present disclosure. Other embodiments will
be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the
specification and practices described herein. It is intended that
the specification and example figures be considered as exemplary
only, with a true scope and spirit being indicated by the following
claims.
* * * * *