U.S. patent application number 16/692412 was filed with the patent office on 2020-03-19 for surgical retractor and method of use.
This patent application is currently assigned to WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC INC.. Invention is credited to Cristian A. Capote, Anthony J. Melkent, Stanley T. Palmatier.
Application Number | 20200085420 16/692412 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 49947118 |
Filed Date | 2020-03-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200085420 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Capote; Cristian A. ; et
al. |
March 19, 2020 |
SURGICAL RETRACTOR AND METHOD OF USE
Abstract
A surgical retractor includes a first member defining a
longitudinal axis. The first member includes a blade disposed in
spaced apart relation relative to the longitudinal axis and a grip
surface. A second member has a blade disposed in spaced apart
relation relative to the longitudinal axis and a grip surface. The
grip surfaces are configured to be drawn together along the
longitudinal axis such that the blades are engageable with tissue
and connected with the grip surfaces such that the grip surfaces
provide a tactile feedback of the tissue engagement. Systems and
methods of use are disclosed.
Inventors: |
Capote; Cristian A.;
(Memphis, TN) ; Melkent; Anthony J.; (Memphis,
TN) ; Palmatier; Stanley T.; (Olive Branch,
MS) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC INC. |
WARSAW |
IN |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC INC.
WARSAW
IN
|
Family ID: |
49947118 |
Appl. No.: |
16/692412 |
Filed: |
November 22, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13550864 |
Jul 17, 2012 |
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16692412 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 17/0206 20130101;
A61B 2017/00407 20130101; A61B 2017/0256 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61B 17/02 20060101
A61B017/02 |
Claims
1-18. (canceled)
19. A method of treating a spine, the method comprising the steps
of: providing a surgical retractor comprising a first member
defining a longitudinal axis and including a blade disposed in
spaced apart relation relative to the longitudinal axis and a grip
surface; and a second member including a blade disposed in spaced
apart relation relative to the longitudinal axis and a grip
surface, wherein the grip surface of the second member includes a
first portion and a second portion spaced apart from the first
portion; disposing a first finger into engagement with the first
portion and a second finger into engagement with the second
portion; disposing a third finger into engagement with the grip
surface of the first member; and compressing the grip surfaces to
draw the grip surfaces together such that the blades space apart to
engage tissue, wherein the grip surfaces provide tactile feedback
to the fingers of the tissue engagement.
20. A method as recited in claim 19, further comprising the step of
rotating at least one of the blades about an axis transverse to the
longitudinal axis in selected angular increments.
21. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein compressing the grip
surfaces comprises the third finger applying a first force in a
first direction and the first and second fingers applying a second
force in an opposite second direction.
22. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein compressing the grip
surfaces comprises the third finger applying a force to the grip
surface of the first member and the first and second fingers
applying a counter pressure to the grip surface of the second
member.
23. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein compressing the grip
surfaces comprises moving the first and second fingers toward the
third finger.
24. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein drawing the grip
surfaces together moving the grip surfaces toward one another such
that the grip surface of the first member directly engages the grip
surface of the second member.
25. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein the grip surfaces are
disposed in a configuration to conform to natural hand
strength.
26. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein the first, second and
third fingers are part of a first hand.
27. A method as recited in claim 26, further comprising pivoting a
lever of the surgical retractor from a locking configuration to a
non-locking configuration using a second hand prior to compressing
the grip surfaces, wherein a shaft of the first member is fixed
relative to a housing of the second member when the surgical
retractor is in the locking configuration and the shaft is movable
relative to the housing when the surgical retractor is in the
non-locking configuration.
28. A method as recited in claim 27, wherein the grip surface of
the second member comprises a gap between the first portion and the
second portion, a portion of the lever being positioned in the gap
when the surgical retractor is in the locking configuration.
29. A method as recited in claim 26, further comprising pivoting a
lever of the surgical retractor from a non-locking configuration to
a locking configuration using a second hand after compressing the
grip surfaces, wherein a shaft of the first member is movable
relative to a housing of the second member when the surgical
retractor is in the non-locking configuration and the shaft is
fixed relative to the housing when the surgical retractor is in the
locking configuration.
30. A method as recited in claim 29, wherein the grip surface of
the second member comprises a gap between the first portion and the
second portion, a portion of the lever being positioned in the gap
when the surgical retractor is in the non-locking
configuration.
31. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein the first member
comprises a first arm that defines a first axis and the second
member comprises a second arm that defines a second axis, the blade
of the first member being coupled to the first arm and the blade of
the second member being coupled to the second arm, the method
further comprising: rotating the first arm about the first axis to
rotate the blade of the first member; and rotating the second arm
about the second axis to rotate the blade of the second member.
32. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein the first member
comprises a shaft that extends through the grip surface of the
second member.
33. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein the first member
comprises a shaft that extends through the grip surface of the
second member and a housing of the second member, the second member
including an arm comprising a shaft that is fixed to the housing
and a tubular portion that is rotatable relative to the shaft of
the second member, the blade of the second member being coupled to
the tubular portion such that the blade of the second member is
rotatable relative to the shaft of the second member about an axis
defined by the shaft of the second member.
34. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein the grip surface of
the second member is fixed to the housing.
35. A method as recited in claim 19, wherein the first portion
comprises a first hole extending through a thickness of the grip
surface of the second member and the second portion comprises a
second hole extending through the thickness of the grip surface of
the second member.
36. A surgical method comprising: engaging spaced apart first and
second blades of a surgical retractor with tissue; disposing a
first finger of a hand into engagement with a first portion of a
first grip surface and a second finger of the hand into engagement
with a second portion of the first grip surface; disposing a third
finger of the hand into engagement with a second grip surface that
is spaced apart from the first grip surface; and compressing the
grip surfaces to draw the grip surfaces together such that the
first grip surface directly engages the second grip surface and the
blades space apart tissue to create a surgical pathway to a
surgical site.
37. A surgical method comprising: pivoting a lever of a surgical
retractor from a locking configuration to a non-locking
configuration using a first hand; engaging spaced apart first and
second blades of the surgical retractor with tissue; disposing a
first finger of a second hand into engagement with a first portion
of a first grip surface and a second finger of the second hand into
engagement with a second portion of the first grip surface;
disposing a third finger of the second hand into engagement with a
second grip surface that is spaced apart from the first grip
surface; and compressing the grip surfaces to draw the grip
surfaces together such that the first grip surface directly engages
the second grip surface and the blades space apart tissue to create
a surgical pathway to a surgical site pivoting the lever from the
non-locking configuration to the locking configuration using the
first hand, wherein the first blade is coupled to a shaft and the
second blade is coupled to a housing, the shaft being relative to
the housing when the surgical retractor is in the locking
configuration and the shaft is movable relative to the housing when
the surgical retractor is in the non-locking configuration.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to medical devices
for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, and more
particularly to a surgical system and method for accessing a
surgical site to facilitate treatment.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Spinal disorders such as degenerative disc disease, disc
herniation, osteoporosis, spondylolisthesis, stenosis, scoliosis
and other curvature abnormalities, kyphosis, tumor, and fracture
may result from factors including trauma, disease and degenerative
conditions caused by injury and aging. Spinal disorders typically
result in symptoms including pain, nerve damage, and partial or
complete loss of mobility.
[0003] Non-surgical treatments, such as medication, rehabilitation
and exercise can be effective, however, may fail to relieve the
symptoms associated with these disorders. Surgical treatment of
these spinal disorders includes fusion, fixation, discectomy,
laminectomy and implantable prosthetics. Surgical retractors may be
employed during a surgical treatment to provide access and
visualization of a surgical site. Such retractors space apart and
support tissue and/or other anatomical structures to expose
anatomical structures adjacent the surgical site and/or provide a
surgical pathway to the surgical site. This disclosure describes an
improvement over these prior art technologies.
SUMMARY
[0004] Accordingly, a surgical system and method are provided for
accessing a surgical site, which may include, for example, a
portion of a spine to facilitate treatment thereof. It is
contemplated that the surgical system and method may be employed
for exposing and providing a surgical pathway to a surgical
site.
[0005] In one embodiment, in accordance with the principles of the
present disclosure, a surgical retractor is provided. The retractor
includes a first member defining a longitudinal axis. The first
member includes a blade disposed in spaced apart relation relative
to the longitudinal axis and a grip surface. A second member has a
blade disposed in spaced apart relation relative to the
longitudinal axis and a grip surface. The grip surfaces are
configured to be drawn together along the longitudinal axis such
that the blades are engageable with tissue and connected with the
grip surfaces such that the grip surfaces provide a tactile
feedback of the tissue engagement.
[0006] In one embodiment, a method of treating a spine is provided.
The method comprises the steps of providing a surgical retractor
comprising a first member defining a longitudinal axis and
including a blade disposed in spaced apart relation relative to the
longitudinal axis and a grip surface and a second member including
a blade disposed in spaced apart relation relative to the
longitudinal axis and a grip surface, wherein the grip surface of
the second member includes a first portion and a second portion
spaced apart from the first portion; disposing a first finger into
engagement with the first portion and a second finger into
engagement with the second portion; disposing a third finger into
engagement with the grip surface of the first member; and
compressing the grip surfaces to draw the grip surfaces together
such that the blades space apart to engage tissue and the grip
surfaces provide tactile feedback to the fingers of the tissue
engagement.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] The present disclosure will become more readily apparent
from the specific description accompanied by the following
drawings, in which:
[0008] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of components
of a system in accordance with the principles of the present
disclosure;
[0009] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of components of the system
shown in FIG. 1;
[0010] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of components of the system
shown in FIG. 1;
[0011] FIG. 4 is a top view of components of the system shown in
FIG. 1;
[0012] FIG. 5 is a side view of components of the system shown in
FIG. 1;
[0013] FIG. 6 is a side view of components of the system shown in
FIG. 1; and
[0014] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of one embodiment of components
of a system in accordance with the principles of the present
disclosure.
[0015] Like reference numerals indicate similar parts throughout
the figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The exemplary embodiments of the surgical system and related
methods of use disclosed are discussed in terms of medical devices
for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders and more
particularly, in terms of a surgical system for accessing a spine
to facilitate treatment thereof and a method for treating a spine.
One or all of the system components may be reusable or disposable.
The surgical system may be configured as a kit with multiple sized
and configured components.
[0017] In one embodiment, the system includes a surgical retractor
for tissue retraction from a midline approach for surgery of a
spine, including minimally invasive applications. In one
embodiment, the surgical retractor includes one or a plurality of
blades to create access through soft tissue. In one embodiment, the
surgical retractor includes a blade rotation mechanism for creating
access to a surgical site.
[0018] In one embodiment, the surgical retractor includes a shaft,
such as, for example, a hand actuated locking rack, which provides
translation of the rack to a selected position. In one embodiment,
a first surface includes protrusions on a translating arm of the
surgical retractor having finger grips for a practitioner and a
second surface disposed on a stationary arm that allows for
pressure applied by a practitioner's palm. It is contemplated that
the practitioner moves fingers in an axial direction towards the
practitioner, in a gripping motion, to actuate the rack. This
motion ergonomically conforms to natural human hand strength and
provides a 1:1 input to output force ratio such that a tactile
feedback including the force the practitioner feels in the palm is
a direct output force applied to the tissue during retraction of
the tissue. This configuration provides an accurate tactile
feedback.
[0019] In one embodiment, the surgical retractor has a blade
interface, which includes locking tips to provide rotation in 7.5
degree increments. In one embodiment, the surgical retractor
includes a latching or toothed rack mechanism that includes wings,
which can be positioned for locking blades in an initial position
and unlocking the blades for rotation in situ.
[0020] In one embodiment, the surgical retractor includes a top
mounted rack with an increased cross section. In one embodiment,
the surgical retractor includes a top mounted, low-profile latch
with a locking feature. The latch facilitates a range of 30 degrees
of rotation with an indexing feature that includes rotation of 7.5
degree increments. In one embodiment, the surgical retractor
includes a main shaft with a blade paddle interface having an
increased surface area and ball detent retention surface. In one
embodiment, the surgical retractor includes ergonomic gripping
surfaces for one-handed operation.
[0021] In one embodiment, the surgical retractor includes an
opposing grip configuration distraction mechanism. The
configuration enables a practitioner to open blades by pushing the
rack forward with a thumb while applying counter pressure with an
index/middle finger. In one embodiment, the practitioner can employ
two hands.
[0022] It is envisioned that the present disclosure may be employed
to treat spinal disorders such as, for example, degenerative disc
disease, disc herniation, osteoporosis, spondylolisthesis,
stenosis, scoliosis and other curvature abnormalities, kyphosis,
tumor and fractures. It is contemplated that the present disclosure
may be employed with other osteal and bone related applications,
including those associated with diagnostics and therapeutics. It is
further contemplated that the disclosed surgical system and methods
may be alternatively employed in a surgical treatment with a
patient in a prone or supine position, and/or employ various
surgical approaches to the spine, including anterior, posterior,
posterior mid-line, lateral, postero-lateral, and/or antero-lateral
approaches, and in other body regions. The present disclosure may
also be alternatively employed with procedures for treating the
lumbar, cervical, thoracic and pelvic regions of a spinal column.
The system and methods of the present disclosure may also be used
on animals, bone models and other non-living substrates, such as,
for example, in training, testing and demonstration.
[0023] The present disclosure may be understood more readily by
reference to the following detailed description taken in connection
with the accompanying drawing figures, which form a part of this
disclosure. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not
limited to the specific devices, methods, conditions or parameters
described and/or shown herein, and that the terminology used herein
is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments by way of
example only and is not intended to be limiting of the claimed
disclosure. Also, as used in the specification and including the
appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include
the plural, and reference to a particular numerical value includes
at least that particular value, unless the context clearly dictates
otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as from "about" or
"approximately" one particular value and/or to "about" or
"approximately" another particular value. When such a range is
expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular
value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values
are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about,"
it will be understood that the particular value forms another
embodiment. It is also understood that all spatial references, such
as, for example, horizontal, vertical, top, upper, lower, bottom,
left and right, are for illustrative purposes only and can be
varied within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the
references "upper" and "lower" are relative and used only in the
context to the other, and are not necessarily "superior" and
"inferior".
[0024] Further, as used in the specification and including the
appended claims, "treating" or "treatment" of a disease or
condition refers to performing a procedure that may include
administering one or more drugs to a patient (human, normal or
otherwise or other mammal), in an effort to alleviate signs or
symptoms of the disease or condition. Alleviation can occur prior
to signs or symptoms of the disease or condition appearing, as well
as after their appearance. Thus, treating or treatment includes
preventing or prevention of disease or undesirable condition (e.g.,
preventing the disease from occurring in a patient, who may be
predisposed to the disease but has not yet been diagnosed as having
it). In addition, treating or treatment does not require complete
alleviation of signs or symptoms, does not require a cure, and
specifically includes procedures that have only a marginal effect
on the patient. Treatment can include inhibiting the disease, e.g.,
arresting its development, or relieving the disease, e.g., causing
regression of the disease. For example, treatment can include
reducing acute or chronic inflammation; alleviating pain and
mitigating and inducing re-growth of new ligament, bone and other
tissues; as an adjunct in surgery; and/or any repair procedure.
Also, as used in the specification and including the appended
claims, the term "tissue" includes soft tissue, ligaments, tendons,
cartilage and/or bone unless specifically referred to
otherwise.
[0025] The following discussion includes a description of a
surgical system and related methods of employing the surgical
system in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
Alternate embodiments are also disclosed. Reference will now be
made in detail to the exemplary embodiments of the present
disclosure, which are illustrated in the accompanying figures.
Turning now to FIGS. 1-6, there is illustrated components of a
surgical system 5 including a retractor for accessing a spine to
facilitate treatment thereof in accordance with the principles of
the present disclosure.
[0026] The components of surgical system 5 can be fabricated from
biologically acceptable materials suitable for medical
applications, including metals, synthetic polymers, ceramics and/or
their composites, depending on the particular application and/or
preference of a medical practitioner. For example, the components
of surgical system 5, individually or collectively, can be
fabricated from materials such as stainless steel alloys,
commercially pure titanium, titanium alloys, Grade 5 titanium,
super-elastic titanium alloys, cobalt-chrome alloys, stainless
steel alloys, superelastic metallic alloys (e.g., Nitinol, super
elasto-plastic metals, such as GUM METAL.RTM. manufactured by
Toyota Material Incorporated of Japan), thermoplastics such as
polyaryletherketone (PAEK) including polyetheretherketone (PEEK),
polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and polyetherketone (PEK), carbon-PEEK
composites, PEEK-BaSO.sub.4 polymeric rubbers, polyethylene
terephthalate (PET), fabric, silicone, polyurethane,
silicone-polyurethane copolymers, polymeric rubbers, polyolefin
rubbers, hydrogels, semi-rigid and rigid materials, elastomers,
rubbers, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoset elastomers,
elastomeric composites, rigid polymers including polyphenylene,
polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyethylene, epoxy,
composites of PEEK and calcium based ceramics, and composites of
PEEK with resorbable polymers. Various components of surgical
system 5 may have material composites, including the above
materials, to achieve various desired characteristics such as
strength, rigidity, elasticity, compliance, biomechanical
performance, durability and radiolucency or imaging preference. The
components of surgical system 5, individually or collectively, may
also be fabricated from a heterogeneous material such as a
combination of two or more of the above-described materials. The
components of surgical system 5 may be monolithically formed,
integrally connected or include fastening elements and/or
instruments, as described herein.
[0027] Surgical system 5, is employed, for example, with minimally
invasive, mini-open and/or open procedures for supporting tissue
and/or anatomical structures to expose tissue and/or anatomical
structures to create a surgical pathway and provide access to a
surgical site, which includes, for example, a spine to facilitate
treatment.
[0028] Surgical system 5 includes a retractor assembly 10 having a
first member, such as, for example, a shaft 12. Shaft 12 defines a
longitudinal axis L1 and an outer surface 14. Outer surface 14
includes a rack 16. Rack 16 includes a plurality of teeth 18
configured to engage a second member, as described, for selective
positioning of retractor blades. Rack 16 extends between a first
end and a second end in a configuration to provide a range of
spacing and/or distraction of retractor blades for selective
spacing of tissue at a surgical site. Shaft 12 includes an
increased cross section relative to its height such that rack 16
has a wide surface area relative to the height. It is contemplated
that all or only a portion of outer surface 14 includes various
surface configurations, such as, for example, smooth, rough, mesh,
porous, semi-porous, dimpled and/or textured according to the
requirements of a particular application. In one embodiment,
retractor assembly 10 may be employed with a free hand surgical
technique or with a base connected to a frame (not shown).
[0029] Shaft 12 extends between a first end 20 and a second end 22.
End 20 includes a grip surface 24. Grip surface 24 includes a first
portion 26 and a second portion 28. Portion 26 extends laterally
outward in a first direction from outer surface 14 and transverse
to axis L1. Portion 28 extends laterally outward in a second
direction, opposite to the first direction of portion 26, and
transverse to axis L1. It is envisioned that portion 26 and/or
portion 28 may extend from outer surface 14 in various
orientations, relative to axis L1, such as, for example, co-axial,
angularly offset, offset and/or staggered relative to axis L1. It
is contemplated that portions 26, 28 are monolithically formed with
shaft 12. It is contemplated that portions 26, 28 are separate
elements attached to shaft 12. It is contemplated that portions 26,
28 can be moveably connected to shaft 12.
[0030] Portions 26, 28 define a substantially planar surface 30
that is configured for engagement with the hand of a practitioner,
such as, for example, a finger, which can include a thumb. Portions
26, 28 define a continuous outer surface 32 including a
substantially planar upper side 34 and a substantially planar lower
side 36. It is contemplated that surface 30, side 34 and/or side 36
may include alternative surface configurations, which can be, for
example, smooth, rough, mesh, porous, semi-porous, dimpled,
arcuate, undulating, pointed and/or textured according to the
requirements of a particular application.
[0031] End 22 includes a first arm 38 extending along a first axis
A1 transverse to axis L1. Arm 38 extends in a perpendicular
orientation from shaft 12 along the same plane. It is envisioned
that arm 38 may be oriented along axis A1 in alternate
configurations, such as, for example, parallel, co-axial, angularly
offset, offset and/or staggered relative to axis L1. Arm 38 extends
from end 40 to an end 42. End 42 includes an interface
configuration that mates with a first blade assembly 50.
[0032] End 42 includes a mating shaft 44 that is cylindrical and
includes an outer surface 46 having a spline configuration. Outer
surface 46 comprises splines 48 disposed in an axial orientation
along axis A1. Splines 48 include a plurality of individual spline
members that extend in parallel relation about circumferential
outer surface 42. The spline configuration provides a mounting and
alignment configuration for providing a snap fit between blade
assembly 50 and arm 38.
[0033] It is envisioned that mating shaft 44 may have alternate
cross section configurations, such as, for example, oval, oblong,
triangular, rectangular, square, polygonal, irregular, uniform,
non-uniform, variable and/or tapered. It is further envisioned that
all or only a portion of surface 46 may have alternate surface
configurations, such as, for example, rough, threaded for
connection with other instruments, arcuate, undulating, porous,
semi-porous, dimpled, polished and/or textured according to the
requirements of a particular application.
[0034] Blade assembly 50 comprises a wall, such as, for example, a
barrel 52. Barrel 52 has a circumferential configuration to define
an elongated tubular cavity, such as, for example, a bore (not
shown) that is disposed along axis A1 and is configured to receive
shaft 44. The bore provides a mounting and alignment configuration
for mating blade assembly 50 with arm 38.
[0035] Barrel 52 includes an inner surface (not shown) that defines
a spline configuration, similar to the spline configuration of
shaft 44. The inner surface comprises splines disposed in an axial
orientation along axis A1. The splines include a plurality of
individual spline members that extend in parallel relation about
circumferential the inner surface. The spline configuration
provides a mounting and alignment configuration, described above,
for mating blade assembly 50 with arm 38.
[0036] The splines of barrel 52 mate with splines 48 along axis A1
to align and mount blade assembly 50 with arm 38 such that axis A1
intersects axis L1. The mounting and alignment configuration
provides facile assembly of blade assembly 50 with arm 38.
[0037] Outer surface 46 includes a flange 60 engageable with a
lever 62 to facilitate rotation of arm 38. Arm 38 includes a
tubular portion that is separate and rotatable relative to shaft 12
via indexing lever 62 such that blade assembly 50 is rotatable
about axis A1 and relative to arm 38. Lever 62 has a flip-up
configuration and facilitates rotation of arm 38 upon fixation of
blade assembly 50 with arm 38, as described. In an upright
orientation, lever 62 can be manipulated to rotate arm 38 in the
opposing directions shown by arrows A in FIG. 3, which corresponds
to rotation of retractor blades, as described below.
[0038] Blade assembly 50 includes a paddle and/or blade 64 for
indexed rotation about axis A1 relative to shaft 12 in angular
increments to engage and/or distract tissue. Lever 62 rotates blade
64 through an angle .alpha. and can be indexed in selected angular
increments. It is envisioned that angle .alpha. may include a range
of 0-85 degrees, for example, 30 degrees. It is further envisioned
that the angular increments may include a range of 0-15 degrees,
for example, 7.5 degrees.
[0039] Blade 64 has a substantially flat and/or substantially
planar configuration and extends between a proximal end 66 and a
distal end 68. Blade 64 includes a plurality of feet 70 disposed
adjacent distal end 68. Feet 70 extend outwardly from distal end 68
to engage and/or distract tissue. It is envisioned that the
blade(s) may be oriented in alternate configurations, such as, for
example, perpendicular, parallel, co-axial, angularly offset,
offset and/or staggered relative to axis L1 and/or axis A1. It is
contemplated that blade 64 may include alternative surface
configurations, which can be, for example, smooth, rough, mesh,
porous, semi-porous, dimpled, arcuate, undulating, pointed and/or
textured according to the requirements of a particular application.
Blade 64 is configured to retract, support and/or space apart
tissue from the surgical site.
[0040] A second member, such as, for example, a housing 72 extends
along axis L1 between a first end 74 and a second end 76. Housing
72 includes an outer surface 78 and an inner surface 80. Inner
surface 80 defines an interior cavity 82 configured for movement
along shaft 12. In one embodiment, cavity 82 has an oval cross
section configuration. It is envisioned that all or only a portion
of housing 72 may have alternate cross section configurations, such
as, for example, oblong, triangular, square, polygonal, irregular,
uniform, non-uniform, offset, staggered, undulating, arcuate,
variable and/or tapered.
[0041] Housing 72 includes a lock, such as, for example, a latch 84
that is releasably engageable with shaft 12 to selectively distract
and/or space apart the retractor blades in a fixed orientation.
Latch 84 includes a lever 86 that extends between a first end and a
second end. The first end of lever 86 includes a knurled surface to
facilitate engagement and/or gripping by a practitioner. The second
end of lever 86 includes a protrusion (not shown) configured to
engage teeth 18 to fix shaft 12 relative to housing 72. Lever 86 is
mounted to housing 72 via a fulcrum and configured for pivotal
movement relative to housing 72 and rack 16.
[0042] Lever 86 is engageable for pivotable movement between a
non-locking configuration such that the protrusion is released from
engagement with teeth 18 and shaft 12 is freely slidable relative
to housing 72 to selectively position the retractor blades, and a
locking configuration such that lever 86 is released from
manipulative engagement such that the protrusion engages teeth 18
and shaft 12 is fixed relative to housing 72. In the locking
configuration of lever 86, the retractor blades are selectively
distracted to space apart tissue according to the requirements of a
particular application. Latch 84 includes a spring 88 that
resiliently biases lever 86 to the locked configuration.
[0043] End 74 of housing 72 includes a second grip surface, such
as, for example, finger grips 90. Finger grips 90 include a first
portion 92 and a second portion 94. Portion 92 extends laterally
from outer surface 78. Portion 92 is configured for engagement with
a hand of a practitioner, such as, for example, a first finger.
Portion 94 extends laterally from outer surface 78 in an opposite
direction from portion 92. Portion 94 is configured for engagement
with a hand of a practitioner, such as, for example, a second
finger. In one embodiment, a third finger can be utilized with grip
surface 24 and/or grip surface 90. In one embodiment, two hands can
be utilized such that a thumb is engaged with each side of surface
30 and an index finger is engaged with each side of finger grips
90.
[0044] It is contemplated that finger grips 90 include various
surface configurations, such as, for example, smooth, rough, mesh,
porous, semi-porous, dimpled and/or textured according to the
requirements of a particular application. It is envisioned that
portion 92 and portion 94 may be oriented in alternate
configurations, such as, for example, co-axial, angularly offset,
offset and/or staggered relative to axis L1. It is contemplated
that finger grips 90 are monolithically formed with housing 72. It
is contemplated that finger grips 90 are separate elements attached
to housing 72. It is contemplated, that finger grips 90 can be
moveably connected to housing 72.
[0045] End 76 includes an arm 96 extending along a second axis A2
transverse to axis L1. Arm 96 extends in a perpendicular
orientation from housing 72 along the same plane. It is envisioned
that arm 96 may be oriented along axis A2 in alternate
configurations, such as, for example, parallel, co-axial, angularly
offset, offset and/or staggered relative to axis L1. Arm 96 extends
from end 98 to an end 100. End 100 includes a blade interface
configuration that mates with a second blade assembly 102.
[0046] End 100 includes a mating shaft 104 that is cylindrical and
includes an outer surface 106 having a spline configuration. Outer
surface 106 comprises splines 108 disposed in an axial orientation
along axis A2. Splines 108 include a plurality of individual spline
members that extend in parallel relation about circumferential
outer surface 106. The spline configuration provides a mounting and
alignment configuration for mating blade assembly 102 with arm
96.
[0047] It is envisioned that shaft 104 may have alternate cross
section configurations, such as, for example, oval, oblong,
triangular, rectangular, square, polygonal, irregular, uniform,
non-uniform, variable and/or tapered. It is further envisioned that
all or only a portion of surface 106 may have alternate surface
configurations, such as, for example, rough, threaded for
connection with other instruments, arcuate, undulating, porous,
semi-porous, dimpled, polished and/or textured according to the
requirements of a particular application.
[0048] Blade assembly 102 comprises a wall, such as, for example, a
barrel 110. Barrel 110 has a circumferential configuration to
define an elongated tubular cavity, such as, for example, a bore
(not shown) that is disposed along axis A2 and is configured to
receive shaft 104. The bore provides a mounting and alignment
configuration for mating blade assembly 102 with arm 96.
[0049] Barrel 110 includes an inner surface (not shown) that
defines a spline configuration, similar to shaft 104. The inner
surface comprises splines (not shown) disposed in an axial
orientation along axis A2. The splines include a plurality of
individual spline members that extend in parallel relation about
the circumferential inner surface. The spline configuration
provides a mounting and alignment configuration, described above,
for mating blade assembly 102 with arm 96.
[0050] The splines of barrel 110 mate with splines 108 along axis
A2 to align and mount blade assembly 102 with arm 96 such that axis
A2 intersects axis L1. The mounting and alignment configuration
provides facile assembly of blade assembly 102 with arm 96. Outer
surface 106 includes a flange 118 engageable to facilitate rotation
of a lever 120 and arm 96. Arm 96 includes a tubular portion that
is separate and rotatable relative to housing 72 via indexing lever
120 such that blade assembly 102 is rotatable about axis A2 and
relative to housing 72. Lever 120 has a flip-up configuration and
facilitates rotation of arm 96 upon fixation of blade assembly 102
with arm 96, as described. In an upright orientation, lever 120 can
be manipulated to rotate arm 96 in the direction shown by arrows B
in FIG. 3, which corresponds to rotation of retractor blades
described below.
[0051] Blade assembly 102 includes a paddle and/or blade 122 for
indexed rotation about axis A2 relative to housing 72 in angular
increments to engage and/or distract tissue. Lever 120 rotates
blade assembly 102 through an angle .beta. and can be indexed is
selected angular increments. It is envisioned that angle .beta. may
include a range of 0-85 degrees, for example, 30 degrees. It is
further envisioned that the angular increments may include a range
of 0-15 degrees, for example, 7.5 degrees.
[0052] Blade 122 has a substantially flat and/or substantially
planar configuration and extends between a proximal end 124 and a
distal end 126. Blade 122 includes a plurality of feet 128 disposed
adjacent distal end 126. Feet 128 extend outwardly from distal end
126 to engage and/or distract tissue. It is envisioned that blade
122 may be oriented in alternate configurations, such as, for
example, perpendicular, parallel, co-axial, angularly offset,
offset and/or staggered relative to axis L1 and/or axis A2. Blade
122 is configured to retract, support and/or space tissue from the
surgical site. It is contemplated that blade 122 engages tissue to
separate tissue adjacent the surgical site and/or prevent tissue
from entering the passageway or portal at the surgical site and/or
prevent tissue creep at the surgical site. It is contemplated that
blade 122 may include alternative surface configurations, which can
be, for example, smooth, rough, mesh, porous, semi-porous, dimpled,
arcuate, undulating, pointed and/or textured according to the
requirements of a particular application.
[0053] In assembly, operation and use, surgical system 5, similar
to that described, is employed, for example, with a minimally
invasive surgical procedure for spinal and neurosurgical
applications with a patient. For example, during spine surgery, a
surgeon will make an incision in the skin of a patient's back over
vertebrae to be treated. One or more dilators may be employed to
gradually separate the muscles and create a portal through which
the surgery may be performed.
[0054] Retractor assembly 10 is positioned adjacent the surgical
site over the small incision. Blades 64, 122 are passed through the
incision to create a passageway or portal to the surgical site.
Blade assemblies 50, 102 are disposed at the surgical site in
spaced apart relation relative to axis L1. Blade 64 is disposed
along axis A1 and blade 122 is disposed along axis A2.
[0055] Blades 64, 122 may be selectively distracted and/or rotated
to a selected angle about the axes, such as, for example, opening
and closing to create access and/or a surgical pathway to a
surgical site. For example, to open blades 64, 122 and create
access and/or a surgical pathway, a practitioner engages a finger,
such as, for example, a thumb with surface 30 of grip surface 24
and fingers, such as, for example, an index finger and a middle
finger with finger grips 90. In one embodiment, teeth 18 of rack 16
include a one way locking configuration such that lever 86 is
disposed in a non-locking configuration as shaft 12 is translated
relative to housing 72 via engagement with the grip surfaces and
the blades are distracted for opening, and lever 86 is disposed in
a locking configuration to prevent closing of the blades. In one
embodiment, the practitioner engages lever 86 for pivotable
movement from the locking configuration, described above, to the
non-locking configuration such that the protrusion is released from
engagement with teeth 18 and shaft 12 is freely slidable relative
to housing 72 to selectively position the retractor blades. It is
contemplated that the practitioner may employ separate hands to
engage lever 86 and the grip surfaces.
[0056] The thumb applies a force to grip surface 24 in the
direction shown by arrow C in FIG. 1. The index and middle fingers
apply a force to finger grips 90 in the direction shown by arrow D.
The fingers together apply a compressive force to the grip surfaces
in a configuration such that shaft 12 and housing 72 are drawn
together to actuate shaft 12 and distract blade assemblies 50, 102.
The grip surfaces are manipulated to selectively distract and/or
space apart tissue at the surgical site to create access and/or a
surgical pathway.
[0057] Lever 62 rotates blade 64, as shown by arrows E in FIG. 3,
through an angle .alpha. to a selected angular increment about axis
A1 relative to shaft 12 to engage and/or distract tissue, according
to the requirements of a particular application. Lever 120 rotates
blade 122, as shown by arrows F, through an angle .beta. to a
selected angular increment about axis A2 relative to shaft 12 to
engage and/or distract tissue, according to the requirements of a
particular application.
[0058] Grip surfaces 24, 90 are disposed in a configuration to
conform to natural hand strength and provide tactile feedback of a
1:1 input to force ratio applied to shaft 12 and housing 72. The
thumb applies a force to grip surface 24 and shaft 12 while the
index and middle fingers apply counter pressure to housing 72 and
finger grips 90. Blades 64, 122 engage tissue and are connected
with grip surfaces 24, 90 such that grip surfaces 24, 90 provide
tactile feedback of the tissue engagement to the practitioner.
[0059] Upon selected distraction of tissue, shaft 12 and housing 72
are disposed in a locking configuration such that lever 86 is
released from manipulative engagement and the protrusion engages
teeth 18. Shaft 12 is fixed relative to housing 72. In the locking
configuration of lever 86, blades 64, 122 are selectively
distracted to space apart tissue according to the requirements of a
particular application. When the surgical procedure is completed,
retractor assembly 10 can be unlocked and disengaged from tissue
and removed.
[0060] It is envisioned that the use of microsurgical and image
guided technologies may be employed to access, view and repair
spinal deterioration or damage, with the aid of retractor assembly
10. It is contemplated that a surgical procedure may employ other
instruments that can be mounted with retractor assembly 10, such
as, for example, nerve root retractors, tissue retractors, forceps,
cutter, drills, scrapers, reamers, separators, rongeurs, taps,
cauterization instruments, irrigation and/or aspiration
instruments, illumination instruments and/or inserter
instruments.
[0061] Retractor assembly 10 may be employed for performing spinal
surgeries, such as, for example, discectomy, laminectomy, fusion,
laminotomy, laminectomy, nerve root retraction, foramenotomy,
facetectomy, decompression, spinal nucleus or disc replacement and
bone graft and implantable prosthetics including plates, rods, and
bone engaging fasteners.
[0062] In one embodiment, retractor assembly 10 of system 5, as
shown in FIG. 7, similar to the systems and methods described above
with regard to FIGS. 1-6, includes end 20 of shaft 12, as
described, having a grip surface 224. Grip surface 224 includes a
first portion 226 and a second portion 228. Portion 226 extends
laterally outward in a first direction from outer surface 14 and
transverse to axis L1. Portion 228 extends laterally outward in a
second direction, opposite to the first direction of portion 226,
and transverse to axis L1. It is envisioned that portion 226 and/or
portion 228 may extend from outer surface 14 in various
orientations, relative to axis L1, such as, for example, co-axial,
angularly offset, offset and/or staggered relative to axis L1. It
is contemplated that portions 226, 228 are monolithically formed
with shaft 12. It is contemplated that portions 226, 228 are
separate elements attached to shaft 12. It is contemplated that
portions 226, 228 can be moveably connected to shaft 12.
[0063] Portions 226, 228 define a concave surface 230 that is
configured for engagement with the hand of a practitioner, such as,
for example, a finger, which can include a thumb. Portions 226, 228
define a continuous outer surface 232 including an undulating upper
side 234 and a substantially planar lower side 236. It is
contemplated that concave surface 230 includes various surface
configurations, such as, for example, smooth, rough, mesh, porous,
semi-porous, dimpled and/or textured according to the requirements
of a particular application.
[0064] Arm 38 extends from end 40 to end 42, as described above.
End 42 includes an interface configuration that mates with a first
blade assembly 252. End 42 includes an outer surface 244 that
defines key slots 246 disposed in opposing portions of surface 244.
End 42 includes a post 248 having a detent 250. In one embodiment,
detent 250 is resiliently biased for locking engagement with blade
assembly 252.
[0065] Arm 38 includes blade assembly 252 for mating engagement
with end 42. Blade assembly 252 includes an end 254 including an
outer surface 256. Outer surface 256 defines keys 258 disposed on
opposing portions of surface 256. Keys 258 are configured to fit
and mate with slots 246. End 254 includes an inner surface 260 that
defines a cavity 262 configured to receive and mate with post 248.
Surface 256 includes a pair of recesses 263 that engage detents 250
for releasable fixation therewith.
[0066] Keys 258 engage slots 246, post 248 is disposable with
cavity 262 and detents 250 to engage surface 256 such that blade
assembly 252 is releasably locked with arm 38. Outer surface 246
includes a latch 264 engageable to release blade assembly 252 from
arm 38. Arm 38 includes a tubular portion that is separate and
rotatable relative to shaft 12 via indexing lever 266 such that
blade assembly 252 is rotatable about axis A1 and relative to shaft
12, as described above.
[0067] Blade assembly 252 includes a paddle and/or blade 268 for
indexed rotation about axis A1 relative to shaft 12 in angular
increments to engage and/or distract tissue, similar to that
described. Blade 268 has a substantially flat and/or substantially
planar configuration and extends between a proximal end 270 and a
distal end 272. Blade 268 includes a plurality of feet 274 disposed
adjacent distal end 272. Feet 274 extend outwardly from distal end
272 to engage and/or distract tissue. It is envisioned that the
blade(s) may be oriented in alternate configurations, such as, for
example, perpendicular, parallel, co-axial, angularly offset,
offset and/or staggered relative to axis L1 and/or axis A1. Blade
268 is configured to retract, support and/or space apart tissue
from the surgical site.
[0068] End 76 of housing 74 includes finger grips 276, similar to
grips 90 described above. Finger grips 276 include a first portion
278 and a second portion 280. Portion 278 extends laterally from
outer surface 78. Portion 278 is configured for engagement with a
hand of a practitioner, such as, for example, a first finger.
Portion 280 extends laterally from outer surface 78 in an opposite
direction from portion 278. Portion 280 is configured for
engagement with a hand of a practitioner, such as, for example, a
second finger.
[0069] Arm 96, described above, extends from end 98 to end 100. End
100 includes outer surface 282 and a blade interface configuration
that mates with blade assembly 284. Arm 96 includes blade assembly
284 for mating engagement with end 100, similar to blade assembly
252. Outer surface 282 includes a latch 286 engageable to release
blade assembly 284 from arm 96. Arm 96 includes a tubular portion
that is separate and rotatable relative to housing 72 via indexing
lever 288 such that blade assembly 284 is rotatable about axis A2
and relative to housing 72. Blade assembly 284 includes a paddle
and/or blade 290 for indexed rotation about axis A2 relative to
housing 72 in angular increments to engage and/or distract
tissue.
[0070] Blade 290 has a substantially flat and/or substantially
planar configuration and extends between a proximal end 292 and a
distal end 294. Blade 290 includes a plurality of feet 296 disposed
adjacent distal end 294. Feet 296 extend outwardly from distal end
294 to engage and/or distract tissue.
[0071] It will be understood that various modifications may be made
to the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above
description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as
exemplification of the various embodiments. Those skilled in the
art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit
of the claims appended hereto.
* * * * *