U.S. patent application number 16/610100 was filed with the patent office on 2020-03-19 for use of an acyclic picolinamide compound as a fungicide for control of phytopathogenic fungi in vegetables.
This patent application is currently assigned to Dow AgroSciences LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is Dow AgroSciences LLC. Invention is credited to Valentino Bosco, Alejandro Calixto, Courtney Gallup, Marsha Martin, Chenglin Yao, Alisa Ye Yu.
Application Number | 20200085047 16/610100 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 64016718 |
Filed Date | 2020-03-19 |
![](/patent/app/20200085047/US20200085047A1-20200319-C00001.png)
![](/patent/app/20200085047/US20200085047A1-20200319-C00002.png)
![](/patent/app/20200085047/US20200085047A1-20200319-C00003.png)
![](/patent/app/20200085047/US20200085047A1-20200319-C00004.png)
![](/patent/app/20200085047/US20200085047A1-20200319-C00005.png)
United States Patent
Application |
20200085047 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Gallup; Courtney ; et
al. |
March 19, 2020 |
Use of an Acyclic Picolinamide Compound as a Fungicide for Control
of Phytopathogenic Fungi in Vegetables
Abstract
The present disclosure is related to the field of agrochemicals,
including compound I and its use to control fungal diseases in
agriculturally useful vegetable crops. ##STR00001##
Inventors: |
Gallup; Courtney;
(Davenport, IA) ; Bosco; Valentino; (Lauzacco,
IT) ; Yao; Chenglin; (Westfield, IN) ; Yu;
Alisa Ye; (Shanghai, CN) ; Calixto; Alejandro;
(Wesley Chapel, FL) ; Martin; Marsha; (Columbus,
OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Dow AgroSciences LLC |
Indianapolis |
IN |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Dow AgroSciences LLC
Indianapolis
IN
|
Family ID: |
64016718 |
Appl. No.: |
16/610100 |
Filed: |
May 2, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
May 2, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2018/030554 |
371 Date: |
November 1, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62500195 |
May 2, 2017 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 43/54 20130101;
C07C 229/08 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101; C07D 249/08 20130101;
C07D 417/12 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N 43/78 20130101;
A01N 43/56 20130101; A61K 9/0053 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101;
A01N 25/04 20130101; A01N 25/30 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A01N 43/40 20060101
A01N043/40; A01N 43/54 20060101 A01N043/54; C07C 229/08 20060101
C07C229/08; A01N 43/653 20060101 A01N043/653; A01N 43/56 20060101
A01N043/56 |
Claims
1. A method of controlling fungal diseases in vegetable crops that
are at risk of being diseased comprising the steps of: contacting
at least a portion of a plant and/or an area adjacent to a plant
with a composition including compound I. ##STR00004## wherein said
compound is effective against a plant pathogen.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition is
##STR00005##
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further includes
at least one additional agriculturally active ingredient selected
from the group consisting of: an insecticide, an herbicide, and a
fungicide.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fungal pathogen is selected
from the group consisting of the causal agents of: black leaf spot
of cabbage (Alternaria brassicicola), Sclerotinia rot of lettuce
(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), anthracnose of hot pepper
(Colletotrichum capsici), powdery mildew of cucumber (Erysiphe
cichoracearum), early blight of tomato (Alternaria solani), leaf
mold of tomato (Mycovellosiella fulva), gummy stem blight of
watermelon (Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum), gray mold of broad
bean (Botrytis cinerea), target spot of tomato (Corynespora
cassiicola), and anthracnose of tomato (Colletotrichum
coccodes).
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition further includes
at least one additional agriculturally active ingredient selected
from the group consisting of: an insecticide, an herbicide, and a
fungicide.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the fungal pathogen is selected
from the group consisting of the causal agents of: black leaf spot
of cabbage (Alternaria brassicicola), Sclerotinia rot of lettuce
(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), anthracnose of hot pepper
(Colletotrichum capsici), powdery mildew of cucumber (Erysiphe
cichoracearum), early blight of tomato (Alternaria solani), leaf
mold of tomato (Mycovellosiella fulva), gummy stem blight of
watermelon (Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum), gray mold of broad
bean (Botrytis cinerea), target spot of tomato (Corynespora
cassiicola), and anthracnose of tomato (Colletotrichum coccodes).
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 371 of
international patent application PCT/US18/030554, filed on May 2,
2018 and published in English as international patent publication
WO2018204432 on Nov. 8, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/500,172 filed May 2,
2017, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
FIELD
[0002] This present disclosure is related to the field of the use
of (S)-1,1-bis(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl
(3-acetoxy-4-methoxypicolinoyl)-L-alaninate to control fungal
diseases in vegetables.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY
[0003] Fungicides are compounds, of natural or synthetic origin,
which act to protect and cure plants against damage caused by
agriculturally-relevant fungi. Generally, no single fungicide is
useful in all situations. Consequently, research is ongoing to
produce fungicides that may have better performance, are easier to
use, and cost less.
[0004] The present disclosure relates to
(S)-1,1-bis(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl
(3-acetoxy-4-methoxypicolinoyl)-L-alaninate (compound I) and its
use as a fungicide. Compound I may offer protection against
ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and deuteromycetes.
[0005] One embodiment of the present disclosure includes a method
of controlling a pathogen-induced disease in a plant that is at
risk of being diseased from the pathogen comprising contacting the
plant or an area adjacent to the plant with a composition including
compound I.
[0006] Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a use of
compound I for protection of a plant against attack by a
phytopathogenic organism or the treatment of a plant infested by a
phytopathogenic organism, comprising the application of compound I,
or a composition including compound I to soil, a plant, a part of a
plant, foliage, and/or seeds.
[0007] Additionally, another embodiment of the present disclosure
is a composition useful for protecting a plant against attack by a
phytopathogenic organism and/or treatment of a plant infested by a
phytopathogenic organism comprising compound I and a phytologically
acceptable carrier material.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0008] One exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes
mixtures for controlling the growth of fungi, the mixture including
compound I:
##STR00002##
[0009] Compound I of the present disclosure may be applied by any
of a variety of known techniques, either as compound I or as
formulations comprising compound I. For example, compound I may be
applied to the roots, stems, seeds, flowers, or foliage of plants
for the control of various fungi, without damaging the commercial
value of the plants. Compound I may also be applied as a foliar
spray, soil spray, soil incorporation, chemigation, soil drench,
soil injection, or seed treatment. The material may be applied in
the form of any of the generally used formulation types, for
example, as solutions, dusts, wettable powders, flowable
concentrates, or emulsifiable concentrates.
[0010] Preferably, compound I of the present disclosure is applied
in the form of a formulation, including compound I with a
phytologically acceptable carrier. Concentrated formulations may be
dispersed in water or other liquids for application, or
formulations may be dust-like or granular, which may then be
applied without further treatment. The formulations can be prepared
according to procedures that are conventional in the agricultural
chemical art.
[0011] The present disclosure contemplates all vehicles by which
compound I may be formulated for delivery and use as a fungicide.
Typically, formulations are applied as aqueous suspensions or
emulsions. Such suspensions or emulsions may be produced from
water-soluble, water-suspendible, or emulsifiable formulations
which are solids, usually known as wettable powders; or liquids,
usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous suspensions, or
suspension concentrates. As will be readily appreciated, any
material to which compound I may be added may be used, provided it
yields the desired utility without significant interference with
the activity of compound I as an antifungal agent.
[0012] Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form
water-dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture including
compound I, an inert carrier and surfactants. The concentration of
compound I in the wettable powder may be from about 10 percent to
about 90 percent by weight based on the total weight of the
wettable powder, more preferably about 25 weight percent to about
75 weight percent. In the preparation of wettable powder
formulations, compound I may be compounded with any finely divided
solid, such as prophyllite, talc, chalk, gypsum, Fuller's earth,
bentonite, attapulgite, starch, casein, gluten, montmorillonite
clays, diatomaceous earths, purified silicates or the like. In such
operations, the finely divided carrier and surfactants are
typically blended with compound I and milled.
[0013] Emulsifiable concentrates of compound I may comprise a
convenient concentration, such as from about 10 weight percent to
about 50 weight percent of compound I, in a suitable liquid, based
on the total weight of the concentrate. Compound I may be dissolved
in an inert carrier, which is either a water-miscible solvent or a
mixture of water-immiscible organic solvents, and emulsifiers. The
concentrates may be diluted with water and oil to form spray
mixtures in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. Useful organic
solvents include aromatics, especially the high-boiling
naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum, such as heavy
aromatic naphtha. Other organic solvents may also be used, for
example, terpenic solvents, including rosin derivatives, aliphatic
ketones, such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols, such as
2-ethoxyethanol.
[0014] Emulsifiers which may be advantageously employed herein may
be readily determined by those skilled in the art and include
various nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric emulsifiers, or
a blend of two or more emulsifiers. Examples of nonionic
emulsifiers useful in preparing the emulsifiable concentrates
include the polyalkylene glycol ethers and condensation products of
alkyl and aryl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines or
fatty acids with ethylene oxide, propylene oxides such as the
ethoxylated alkyl phenols and carboxylic esters solubilized with
the polyol or polyoxyalkylene. Cationic emulsifiers include
quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty amine salts. Anionic
emulsifiers include the oil-soluble salts (e.g., calcium) of
alkylaryl sulphonic acids, oil-soluble salts or sulfated polyglycol
ethers and appropriate salts of phosphated polyglycol ether.
[0015] Representative organic liquids which may be employed in
preparing the emulsifiable concentrates of compound I of the
present invention are the aromatic liquids such as xylene, propyl
benzene fractions; or mixed naphthalene fractions, mineral oils,
substituted aromatic organic liquids such as dioctyl phthalate;
kerosene; dialkyl amides of various fatty acids, particularly the
dimethyl amides of fatty glycols and glycol derivatives such as the
n-butyl ether, ethyl ether or methyl ether of diethylene glycol,
and the methyl ether of triethylene glycol and the like. Mixtures
of two or more organic liquids may also be employed in the
preparation of the emulsifiable concentrate. Organic liquids
include xylene, and propyl benzene fractions, with xylene being
most preferred in some cases. Surface-active dispersing agents are
typically employed in liquid formulations and in an amount of from
0.1 to 20 percent by weight based on the combined weight of the
dispersing agent with compound I. The formulations can also contain
other compatible additives, for example, plant growth regulators
and other biologically active compounds used in agriculture.
[0016] Aqueous suspensions including compound I may be dispersed in
an aqueous vehicle at a concentration in the range from about 5 to
about 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the aqueous
suspension. Suspensions are prepared by finely grinding compound I,
and vigorously mixing the ground material into a vehicle comprised
of water and surfactants chosen from the same types discussed
above. Other components, such as inorganic salts and synthetic or
natural gums, may also be added to increase the density and
viscosity of the aqueous vehicle.
[0017] Compound I may also be applied as a granular formulation,
which is particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular
formulations generally contain from about 0.5 to about 10 weight
percent, based on the total weight of the granular formulation of
compound I, dispersed in an inert carrier which consists entirely
or in large part of coarsely divided inert material such as
attapulgite, bentonite, diatomite, clay or a similar inexpensive
substance. Such formulations are usually prepared by dissolving
compound I in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular
carrier which has been preformed to the appropriate particle size,
in the range of from about 0.5 to about 3 mm. A suitable solvent is
a solvent in which compound I is substantially or completely
soluble. Such formulations may also be prepared by making a dough
or paste of the carrier and compound I and solvent, and crushing
and drying to obtain the desired granular particle.
[0018] Dusts containing compound I may be prepared by intimately
mixing compound I in powdered form with a suitable dusty
agricultural carrier, such as, for example, kaolin clay, ground
volcanic rock, and the like. Dusts can suitably contain from about
1 to about 10 weight percent of compound I, based on the total
weight of the dust.
[0019] The formulations may additionally contain adjuvant
surfactants to enhance deposition, wetting and penetration of
compound I onto the target crop and organism. These adjuvant
surfactants may optionally be employed as a component of the
formulation or as a tank mix. The amount of adjuvant surfactant
will typically vary from 0.01 to 1.0 percent by volume, based on a
spray-volume of water, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 volume percent.
Suitable adjuvant surfactants include, but are not limited to
ethoxylated nonyl phenols, ethoxylated synthetic or natural
alcohols, salts of the esters or sulphosuccinic acids, ethoxylated
organosilicones, ethoxylated fatty amines and blends of surfactants
with mineral or vegetable oils. The formulations may also include
oil-in-water emulsions such as those disclosed in U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/495,228, the disclosure of which is
expressly incorporated by reference herein.
[0020] In certain instances, it would be beneficial for
formulations of compound I to be sprayed via an aerial application
using aircraft or helicopters. The exact components of these aerial
applications depends upon the crop being treated. Aerial
applications for vegetables utilize spray volumes preferably from
15 to 50 liters per hectare (L/ha) with standard surfactant,
wetting, sticking, spreading or penetrating type additives such as
non-ionic surfactants, organosilicones, or crop oil concentrates,
preferably from 0.05 to 15 percent, based on a spray volume of
water.
[0021] The formulations may optionally include combinations that
contain other pesticidal compounds. Such additional pesticidal
compounds may be fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, nematocides,
miticides, arthropodicides, bactericides, additives such as
non-ionic surfactants, organosilicones, or crop oil concentrates,
or combinations thereof that are compatible with the compounds of
the present invention in the medium selected for application, and
not antagonistic to the activity of the present compounds.
Accordingly, in such embodiments, the other pesticidal compound is
employed as a supplemental toxicant for the same or for a different
pesticidal use. Compound I and the pesticidal compound in the
combination can generally be present in a weight ratio of from
1:100 to100:1.
[0022] Compound I of the present disclosure may also be combined
with other fungicides to form fungicidal mixtures and synergistic
mixtures thereof. Compound I of the present disclosure is often
applied in conjunction with one or more other fungicides to control
a wider variety of undesirable diseases. When used in conjunction
with other fungicide(s), the presently claimed compound I may be
formulated with the other fungicide(s), tank-mixed with the other
fungicide(s) or applied sequentially with the other fungicide(s).
Such other fungicides may include
2-(thiocyanatomethylthio)-benzothiazole, 2-phenylphenol,
8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, ametoctradin, amisulbrom, antimycin,
Ampelomyces quisqualis, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, Bacillus
subtilis, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, benalaxyl, benomyl,
benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benzylaminobenzene-sulfonate (BABS)
salt, bicarbonates, biphenyl, bismerthiazol, bitertanol, bixafen,
blasticidin-S, borax, Bordeaux mixture, boscalid, bromuconazole,
bupirimate, calcium polysulfide, captafol, captan, carbendazim,
carboxin, carpropamid, carvone, chlazafenone, chloroneb,
chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, Coniothyrium minitans, copper
hydroxide, copper octanoate, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate,
copper sulfate (tribasic), cuprous oxide, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid,
cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dazomet, debacarb, diammonium
ethylenebis-(dithiocarbamate), dichlofluanid, dichlorophen,
diclocymet, diclomezine, dichloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole,
difenzoquat ion, diflumetorim, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin,
diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinobuton, dinocap, diphenylamine,
dithianon, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, dodine, dodine free base,
edifenphos, enestrobin, enestroburin, epoxiconazole, ethaboxam,
ethoxyquin, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol,
fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil,
fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fentin, fentin acetate,
fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, fludioxonil,
flumorph, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluoroimide, fluoxastrobin,
fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutianil, flutolanil,
flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, formaldehyde, fosetyl,
fosetyl-aluminium, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, guazatine,
guazatine acetates, GY-81, hexachlorobenzene, hexaconazole,
hymexazol, imazalil, imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole,
iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, iminoctadine
tris(albesilate), iodocarb, ipconazole, ipfenpyrazolone,
iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam,
isotianil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate,
kresoxim-methyl, laminarin, mancopper, mancozeb, mandipropamid,
maneb, mefenoxam, mepanipyrim, mepronil, meptyl-dinocap, mercuric
chloride, mercuric oxide, mercurous chloride, metalaxyl,
metalaxyl-M, metam, metam-ammonium, metam-potassium, metam-sodium,
metconazole, methasulfocarb, methyl iodide, methyl isothiocyanate,
metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone, mildiomycin, myclobutanil,
nabam, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol, octhilinone, ofurace, oleic
acid (fatty acids), orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxine-copper,
oxpoconazole fumarate, oxycarboxin, pefurazoate, penconazole,
pencycuron, penflufen, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyllaurate,
penthiopyrad, phenylmercury acetate, phosphonic acid, phthalide,
picoxystrobin, polyoxin B, polyoxins, polyoxorim, potassium
bicarbonate, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate, probenazole,
prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride,
propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothioconazole,
pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrazophos,
pyribencarb, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyriofenone,
pyroquilon, quinoclamine, quinoxyfen, quintozene, Reynoutria
sachalinensis extract, sedaxane, silthiofam, simeconazole, sodium
2-phenylphenoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium pentachlorophenoxide,
spiroxamine, sulfur, SYP-Z048, tar oils, tebuconazole, tebufloquin,
tecnazene, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide,
thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tiadinil, tolclofos-methyl,
tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, triazoxide, tricyclazole,
tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triphenyltin
hydroxide, triticonazole, validamycin, valifenalate, valiphenal,
vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, zoxamide, Candida oleophila, Fusarium
oxysporum, Gliocladium spp., Phlebiopsis gigantea, Streptomyces
griseoviridis, Trichoderma spp.,
(RS)--N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-succinimide,
1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoroacetone
hydrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitronaphthalene, 1-chloro-2-nitropropane,
2-(2-heptadecyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol,
2,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1,4-dithi-ine 1,1,4,4-tetraoxide,
2-methoxyethylmercury acetate, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride,
2-methoxyethylmercury silicate,
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine, 4-(2-nitroprop-1-enyl)phenyl
thiocyanateme, aminopyrifen, ampropylfos, anilazine, azithiram,
barium polysulfide, Bayer 32394, benodanil, benquinox, bentaluron,
benzamacril; benzamacril-isobutyl, benzamorf, benzovindiflupyr,
binapacryl, bis(methylmercury) sulfate, bis(tributyltin) oxide,
buthiobate, cadmium calcium copper zinc chromate sulfate,
carbamorph, CECA, chlobenthiazone, chloraniformethan,
chlorfenazole, chlorquinox, climbazole, copper
bis(3-phenylsalicylate), copper zinc chromate, coumoxystrobin,
cufraneb, cupric hydrazinium sulfate, cuprobam, cyclafuramid,
cypendazole, cyprofuram, decafentin, dichlobentiazox, dichlone,
dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, dimethirimol, dinocton, dinosulfon,
dinoterbon, dipymetitrone, dipyrithione, ditalimfos, dodicin,
drazoxolon, EBP, enoxastrobin, ESBP, etaconazole, etem, ethirim,
fenaminosulf, fenaminstrobin, fenapanil, fenitropan, fenpicoxamid,
fluindapyr, fluopimomide, fluotrimazole, flufenoxystrobin,
furcarbanil, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furmecyclox,
furophanate, glyodine, griseofulvin, halacrinate, Hercules 3944,
hexylthiofos, ICIA0858, inpyrfluxam, ipfentrifluconazole,
ipflufenoquin, isofetamid, isoflucypram, isopamphos, isovaledione,
mandestrobin, mebenil, mecarbinzid, mefentrifluconazole,
metazoxolon, methfuroxam, methylmercury dicyandiamide, metsulfovax,
metyltetraprole, milneb, mucochloric anhydride, myclozolin,
N-3,5-dichlorophenyl-succinimide, N-3-nitrophenylitaconimide,
natamycin, N-ethylmercurio-4-toluenesulfonanilide, nickel
bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate), OCH, oxathiapiprolin, phenylmercury
dimethyldithiocarbamate, phenylmercury nitrate, phosdiphen,
picarbutrazox, prothiocarb; prothiocarb hydrochloride,
pydiflumetofen, pyracarbolid, pyrapropoyne, pyraziflumid,
pyridachlometyl, pyridinitril, pyrisoxazole, pyroxychlor,
pyroxyfur, quinacetol, quinacetol sulfate, quinazamid,
quinconazole, quinofumelin, rabenzazole, salicylanilide, SSF-109,
sultropen, tecoram, thiadifluor, thicyofen, thiochlorfenphim,
thiophanate, thioquinox, tioxymid, triamiphos, triarimol,
triazbutil, trichlamide, triclopyricarb, triflumezopyrim, urbacid,
zarilamid, and any combinations thereof.
[0023] Additionally, compound I of the present invention may be
combined with other pesticides, including insecticides,
nematicides, miticides, arthropodicides, bactericides or
combinations thereof that are compatible with compound I of the
present invention in the medium selected for application, and not
antagonistic to the activity of compound I, to form pesticidal
mixtures and synergistic mixtures thereof. Compound I of the
present disclosure may be applied in conjunction with one or more
other pesticides to control a wider variety of undesirable pests.
When used in conjunction with other pesticides, the presently
claimed compound I may be formulated with the other pesticide(s),
tank mixed with the other pesticide(s) or applied sequentially with
the other pesticide(s). Typical insecticides include, but are not
limited to: antibiotic insecticides such as allosamidin and
thuringiensin; macrocyclic lactone insecticides such as spinosad
and spinetoram; avermectin insecticides such as abamectin,
doramectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin and selamectin;
milbemycin insecticides such as lepimectin, milbemectin, milbemycin
oxime and moxidectin; carbamate insecticides such as bendiocarb and
carbaryl; benzofuranyl methylcarbamate insecticides such as
benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, decarbofuran and
furathiocarb; dimethylcarbamate insecticides dimitan, dimetilan,
hyquincarb and pirimicarb; oxime carbamate insecticides such as
alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim,
methomyl, nitrilacarb, oxamyl, tazimcarb, thiocarboxime, thiodicarb
and thiofanox; phenyl methylcarbamate insecticides such as
allyxycarb, aminocarb, bufencarb, butacarb, carbanolate,
cloethocarb, dicresyl, dioxacarb, EMPC, ethiofencarb, fenethacarb,
fenobucarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, metolcarb, mexacarbate,
promacyl, promecarb, propoxur, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb;
dessicant insecticides such as boric acid, diatomaceous earth and
silica gel; diamide insecticides such as broflanilide,
chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole,
cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, and
tetraniliprole; diarylisoxazoline insecticides such as
fluxametamide; dinitrophenol insecticides such as dinex, dinoprop,
dinosam and DNOC; fluorine insecticides such as barium
hexafluorosilicate, cryolite, sodium fluoride, sodium
hexafluorosilicate and sulfluramid; formamidine insecticides such
as amitraz, chlordimeform, formetanate and formparanate; fumigant
insecticides such as acrylonitrile, carbon disulfide, carbon
tetrachloride, chloroform, chloropicrin, para-dichlorobenzene,
1,2-dichloropropane, ethyl formate, ethylene dibromide, ethylene
dichloride, ethylene oxide, hydrogen cyanide, iodomethane, methyl
bromide, methylchloroform, methylene chloride, naphthalene,
phosphine, sulfuryl fluoride and tetrachloroethane; inorganic
insecticides such as borax, calcium polysulfide, copper oleate,
mercurous chloride, potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate;
chitin synthesis inhibitors such as bistrifluron, buprofezin,
chlorfluazuron, cyromazine, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron,
flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron,
penfluron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron; juvenile hormone mimics
such as epofenonane, fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene,
pyriproxyfen and triprene; juvenile hormones such as juvenile
hormone I, juvenile hormone II and juvenile hormone III; mesoionic
insecticides such as dicloromezotiaz and triflumezopyrim; moulting
hormone agonists such as chromafenozide, halofenozide,
methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide; moulting hormones such as
.alpha.-ecdysone and ecdysterone; moulting inhibitors such as
diofenolan; precocenes such as precocene I, precocene II and
precocene III; unclassified insect growth regulators such as
dicyclanil; nereistoxin analogue insecticides such as bensultap,
cartap, thiocyclam and thiosultap; pyridylpyrazole insecticides
such as tyclopyrazoflor; nicotinoid insecticides such as
flonicamid; nitroguanidine insecticides such as clothianidin,
dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam; nitromethylene
insecticides such as nitenpyram and nithiazine; pyridylmethyl-amine
insecticides such as acetamiprid, cycloxaprid, imidacloprid,
nitenpyram, and thiacloprid; organochlorine insecticides such as
bromo-DDT, camphechlor, DDT, pp'-DDT, ethyl-DDD, HCH, gamma-HCH,
lindane, methoxychlor, pentachlorophenol and TDE; cyclodiene
insecticides such as aldrin, bromocyclen, chlorbicyclen, chlordane,
chlordecone, dieldrin, dilor, endosulfan, alpha-endosulfan, endrin,
HEOD, heptachlor, HHDN, isobenzan, isodrin, kelevan and mirex;
organophosphate insecticides such as bromfenvinfos,
chlorfenvinphos, crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, dicrotophos,
dimethylvinphos, fospirate, heptenophos, methocrotophos, mevinphos,
monocrotophos, naled, naftalofos, phosphamidon, propaphos, TEPP and
tetrachlorvinphos; organothiophosphate insecticides such as
dioxabenzofos, fosmethilan and phenthoate; aliphatic
organothiophosphate insecticides such as acethion, amiton,
cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlormephos, demephion, demephion-O,
demephion-S, demeton, demeton-O, demeton-S, demeton-methyl,
demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon,
disulfoton, ethion, ethoprophos, IPSP, isothioate, malathion,
methacrifos, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton,
phorate, sulfotep, terbufos and thiometon; aliphatic amide
organothiophosphate insecticides such as amidithion, cyanthoate,
dimethoate, ethoate-methyl, formothion, mecarbam, omethoate,
prothoate, sophamide and vamidothion; oxime organothiophosphate
insecticides such as chlorphoxim, phoxim and phoxim-methyl;
heterocyclic organothiophosphate insecticides such as azamethiphos,
coumaphos, coumithoate, dioxathion, endothion, menazon,
morphothion, phosalone, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion and quinothion;
benzothiopyran organothiophosphate insecticides such as dithicrofos
and thicrofos; benzotriazine organothiophosphate insecticides such
as azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl; isoindole
organothiophosphate insecticides such as dialifos and phosmet;
isoxazole organothiophosphate insecticides such as isoxathion and
zolaprofos; pyrazolopyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticides
such as chlorprazophos and pyrazophos; pyridine organothiophosphate
insecticides such as chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl;
pyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticides such as butathiofos,
diazinon, etrimfos, lirimfos, pirimiphos-ethyl, pirimiphos-methyl,
primidophos, pyrimitate and tebupirimfos; quinoxaline
organothiophosphate insecticides such as quinalphos and
quinalphos-methyl; thiadiazole organothiophosphate insecticides
such as athidathion, lythidathion, methidathion and prothidathion;
triazole organothiophosphate insecticides such as isazofos and
triazophos; phenyl organothiophosphate insecticides such as
azothoate, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, carbophenothion,
chlorthiophos, cyanophos, cythioate, dicapthon, dichlofenthion,
etaphos, famphur, fenchlorphos, fenitrothion fensulfothion,
fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, heterophos, j odfenphos, mesulfenfos,
parathion, parathion-methyl, phenkapton, phosnichlor, profenofos,
prothiofos, sulprofos, temephos, trichlormetaphos-3 and trifenofos;
phosphonate insecticides such as butonate and trichlorfon;
phosphonothioate insecticides such as mecarphon; phenyl
ethylphosphonothioate insecticides such as fonofos and
trichloronat; phenyl phenylphosphonothioate insecticides such as
cyanofenphos, EPN and leptophos; phosphoramidate insecticides such
as crufomate, fenamiphos, fosthietan, mephosfolan, phosfolan and
pirimetaphos; phosphoramidothioate insecticides such as acephate,
isocarbophos, isofenphos, isofenphos-methyl, methamidophos and
propetamphos; phosphorodiamide insecticides such as dimefox,
mazidox, mipafox and schradan; oxadiazine insecticides such as
indoxacarb; oxadiazoline insecticides such as metoxadiazone;
phthalimide insecticides such as dialifos, phosmet and
tetramethrin; pyrazole insecticides such as tebufenpyrad,
tolefenpyrad; phenylpyrazole insecticides such as acetoprole,
ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, pyriprole and vaniliprole;
pyrethroid ester insecticides such as acrinathrin, allethrin,
bioallethrin, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin,
bioethanomethrin, chloroprallethrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin,
cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin,
1ambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin,
beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin,
cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin,
fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate,
esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate,
furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin,
epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin,
permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin,
prallethrin, profluthrin, pyresmethrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin,
cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin,
tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralomethrin and transfluthrin;
pyrethroid ether insecticides such as etofenprox, flufenprox,
halfenprox, protrifenbute and silafluofen; pyrimidinamine
insecticides such as flufenerim and pyrimidifen; pyrrole
insecticides such as chlorfenapyr; tetramic acid insecticides such
as spiropidion and spirotetramat; tetronic acid insecticides such
as spiromesifen; thiourea insecticides such as diafenthiuron; urea
insecticides such as flucofuron and sulcofuron; unclassified
nematicides such as fluazaindolizine and tioxazafen; and
unclassified insecticides such as benzpyrimoxan, closantel, copper
naphthenate, crotamiton, EXD, fenazaflor, fenoxacrim, fluhexafon,
flupyrimin, hydramethylnon, isoprothiolane, malonoben,
metaflumizone, nifluridide, oxazolsulfyl, plifenate, pyridaben,
pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, rafoxanide, sulfoxaflor, triarathene
and triazamate, and any combinations thereof.
[0024] Additionally, compound I of the present invention may be
combined with herbicides that are compatible with compound I of the
present invention in the medium selected for application, and not
antagonistic to the activity of compound I to form pesticidal
mixtures and synergistic mixtures thereof. The fungicidal compound
I of the present disclosure may be applied in conjunction with one
or more herbicides to control a wide variety of undesirable plants.
When used in conjunction with herbicides, the presently claimed
compound I may be formulated with the herbicide(s), tank mixed with
the herbicide(s) or applied sequentially with the herbicide(s).
Typical herbicides include, but are not limited to: amide
herbicides such as allidochlor, beflubutamid, benzadox, benzipram,
bromobutide, cafenstrole, CDEA, cyprazole, dimethenamid,
dimethenamid-P, diphenamid, epronaz, etnipromid, fentrazamide,
flupoxam, fomesafen, halosafen, isocarbamid, isoxaben, napropamide,
naptalam, pethoxamid, propyzamide, quinonamid, tebutam and
tiafenacil; anilide herbicides such as chloranocryl, cisanilide,
clomeprop, cypromid, diflufenican, etobenzanid, fenasulam,
flufenacet, flufenican, mefenacet, mefluidide, metamifop, monalide,
naproanilide, pentanochlor, picolinafen and propanil; arylalanine
herbicides such as benzoylprop, flamprop and flamprop-M;
chloroacetanilide herbicides such as acetochlor, alachlor,
butachlor, butenachlor, delachlor, diethatyl, dimethachlor,
metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor,
propisochlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor and xylachlor;
sulfonanilide herbicides such as benzofluor, perfluidone,
pyrimisulfan and profluazol; sulfonamide herbicides such as asulam,
carbasulam, fenasulam and oryzalin; thioamide herbicides such as
chlorthiamid; antibiotic herbicides such as bilanafos; benzoic acid
herbicides such as chloramben, dicamba, 2,3,6-TBA and tricamba;
pyrimidinyloxybenzoic acid herbicides such as bispyribac and
pyriminobac; pyrimidinylthiobenzoic acid herbicides such as
pyrithiobac; phthalic acid herbicides such as chlorthal; picolinic
acid herbicides such as aminopyralid, clopyralid, florpyrauxifen,
halauxifen, and picloram; quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicides such
as quinclorac and quinmerac; arsenical herbicides such as cacodylic
acid, CMA, DSMA, hexaflurate, MAA, MAMA, MSMA, potassium arsenite
and sodium arsenite; benzoylcyclohexanedione herbicides such as
fenquinotrione, lancotrione, mesotrione, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione
and tembotrione; benzofuranyl alkylsulfonate herbicides such as
benfuresate and ethofumesate; benzothiazole herbicides such as
benzazolin; carbamate herbicides such as asulam, carboxazole
chlorprocarb, dichlormate, fenasulam, karbutilate and terbucarb;
carbanilate herbicides such as barban, BCPC, carbasulam,
carbetamide, CEPC, chlorbufam, chlorpropham, CPPC, desmedipham,
phenisopham, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, propham and swep;
cyclohexene oxime herbicides such as alloxydim, butroxydim,
clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim,
tepraloxydim and tralkoxydim; cyclopropylisoxazole herbicides such
as isoxachlortole and isoxaflutole; dicarboximide herbicides such
as cinidon-ethyl, flumezin, flumiclorac, flumioxazin and
flumipropyn; dinitroaniline herbicides such as benfluralin,
butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin,
methalpropalin, nitralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine,
profluralin and trifluralin; dinitrophenol herbicides such as
dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoterb, DNOC, etinofen
and medinoterb; diphenyl ether herbicides such as ethoxyfen;
nitrophenyl ether herbicides such as acifluorfen, aclonifen,
bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen, etnipromid, fluorodifen,
fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, halosafen,
lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen and oxyfluorfen; dithiocarbamate
herbicides such as dazomet and metam; halogenated aliphatic
herbicides such as alorac, chloropon, dalapon, flupropanate,
hexachloroacetone, iodomethane, methyl bromide, monochloroacetic
acid, SMA and TCA; imidazolinone herbicides such as imazamethabenz,
imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr; inorganic
herbicides such as ammonium sulfamate, borax, calcium chlorate,
copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium azide, potassium
cyanate, sodium azide, sodium chlorate and sulfuric acid; nitrite
herbicides such as bromobonil, bromoxynil, chloroxynil,
cyclopyranil, dichlobenil, iodobonil, ioxynil and pyraclonil;
organophosphorus herbicides such as amiprofos-methyl, anilofos,
bensulide, bilanafos, butamifos, 2,4-DEP, DMPA, EBEP, fosamine,
glufosinate, glufosinate-P, glyphosate and piperophos; phenoxy
herbicides such as bromofenoxim, clomeprop, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP,
difenopenten, disul, erbon, etnipromid, fenteracol and trifopsime;
oxadiazoline herbicides such as methazole, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon;
oxazole herbicides such as fenoxasulfone; phenoxyacetic herbicides
such as 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 3,4-DA, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl and 2,4,5-T;
phenoxybutyric herbicides such as 4-CPB, 2,4-DB, 3,4-DB, MCPB and
2,4,5-TB; phenoxypropionic herbicides such as cloprop, 4-CPP,
dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, 3,4-DP, fenoprop, mecoprop and
mecoprop-P; aryloxyphenoxypropionic herbicides such as chlorazifop,
clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P,
fenthiaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P,
isoxapyrifop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P
and trifop; phenylenediamine herbicides such as dinitramine and
prodiamine; pyrazole herbicides such as pyroxasulfone;
benzoylpyrazole herbicides such as benzofenap, pyrasulfotole,
pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, tolpyralate, and topramezone;
phenylpyrazole herbicides such as fluazolate, nipyraclofen,
pioxaden and pyraflufen; pyridazine herbicides such as credazine,
cyclopyrimorate, pyridafol and pyridate; pyridazinone herbicides
such as brompyrazon, chloridazon, dimidazon, flufenpyr,
metflurazon, norflurazon, oxapyrazon and pydanon; pyridine
herbicides such as aminopyralid, cliodinate, clopyralid, dithiopyr,
florpyrauxifen, fluroxypyr, halauxifen, haloxydine, picloram,
picolinafen, pyriclor, thiazopyr and triclopyr; pyrimidinediamine
herbicides such as iprymidam and tioclorim; quaternary ammonium
herbicides such as cyperquat, diethamquat, difenzoquat, diquat,
morfamquat and paraquat; thiocarbamate herbicides such as butylate,
cycloate, di-allate, EPTC, esprocarb, ethiolate, isopolinate,
methiobencarb, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb,
pyributicarb, sulfallate, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, tri-allate and
vernolate; thiocarbonate herbicides such as dimexano, EXD and
proxan; thiourea herbicides such as methiuron; triazine herbicides
such as dipropetryn, indaziflam, triaziflam and trihydroxytriazine;
chlorotriazine herbicides such as atrazine, chlorazine, cyanazine,
cyprazine, eglinazine, ipazine, mesoprazine, procyazine,
proglinazine, propazine, sebuthylazine, simazine, terbuthylazine
and trietazine; methoxytriazine herbicides such as atraton,
methometon, prometon, secbumeton, simeton and terbumeton;
methylthiotriazine herbicides such as ametryn, aziprotryne,
cyanatryn, desmetryn, dimethametryn, methoprotryne, prometryn,
simetryn and terbutryn; triazinone herbicides such as ametridione,
amibuzin, hexazinone, isomethiozin, metamitron, metribuzin, and
trifludimoxazin; triazole herbicides such as amitrole, cafenstrole,
epronaz and flupoxam; triazolone herbicides such as amicarbazone,
bencarbazone, carfentrazone, flucarbazone, ipfencarbazone,
propoxycarbazone, sulfentrazone and thiencarbazone-methyl;
triazolopyrimidine herbicides such as cloransulam, diclosulam,
florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulam and pyroxsulam;
uracil herbicides such as benzfendizone, bromacil, butafenacil,
flupropacil, isocil, lenacil, saflufenacil and terbacil; urea
herbicides such as benzthiazuron, cumyluron, cycluron,
dichloralurea, diflufenzopyr, isonoruron, isouron,
methabenzthiazuron, monisouron and noruron; phenylurea herbicides
such as anisuron, buturon, chlorbromuron, chloreturon,
chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, daimuron, difenoxuron, dimefuron,
diuron, fenuron, fluometuron, fluothiuron, isoproturon, linuron,
methiuron, methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron,
monolinuron, monuron, neburon, parafluron, phenobenzuron, siduron,
tetrafluron and thidiazuron; pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicides
such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron,
cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron,
flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron,
mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron,
oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron, pyrazosulfuron,
rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron;
triazinylsulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron,
cinosulfuron, ethametsulfuron, iodosulfuron, iofensulfuron,
metsulfuron, prosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron,
triflusulfuron and tritosulfuron; thiadiazolylurea herbicides such
as buthiuron, ethidimuron, tebuthiuron, thiazafluron and
thidiazuron; and unclassified herbicides such as acrolein, allyl
alcohol, aminocyclopyrachlor, azafenidin, bentazone, benzobicyclon,
bicyclopyrone, buthidazole, calcium cyanamide, cambendichlor,
chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, chlorflurazole, chlorflurenol,
cinmethylin, clomazone, CPMF, cresol, cyanamide, cyclopyrimorate,
ortho-dichlorobenzene, dimepiperate, endothal, fluoromidine,
fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone, fluthiacet, indanofan,
methyl isothiocyanate, OCH, oxaziclomefone, pentachlorophenol,
pentoxazone, phenylmercury acetate, prosulfalin, pyribenzoxim,
pyriftalid, quinoclamine, rhodethanil, sulglycapin, thidiazimin,
tridiphane, trimeturon, tripropindan and tritac.
[0025] Compound I of the present invention can also comprise or may
be applied together and/or sequentially with further active
compounds. These further compounds can be plant health stimulants,
such as organic compounds, inorganic fertilizers, or micronutrient
donors or other preparations that influence plant growth, such as
inoculants.
[0026] In another embodiment, Compound I can also comprise or may
be applied together and/or sequentially with other biological
organisms, such as, but not limited to the group consisting of
Bacillus strains, for example Bacillus subtilis var.
amyloliquefaciens FZB24 (TAEGRP.RTM.) and Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens FZB42 (RHIZOVITAL.RTM.), VotiVo.TM. Bacillus
firmus, Clariva.TM. (Pasteuria nishizawae), Bacillus thuringiensis,
Trichoderma spp., and/or mutants and metabolites of the respective
strains that exhibit activity against insects, mites, nematodaes,
and/or phytopathogens.
[0027] One embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for the
control or prevention of fungal attack. This method comprises
applying to the soil, plant, roots, foliage, seed or locus of the
fungus, or to a locus in which the infestation is to be prevented
(for example applying to cereal or grape plants), a fungicidal
effective amount of compound I. Compound I is suitable for
treatment of various plants at fungicidal levels, while exhibiting
low phytotoxicity. Compound I may be useful both in a protectant
and/or an eradicant fashion.
[0028] The compound of Formula I has been found to have significant
fungicidal effects particularly for agricultural use. The compound
of Formula I is particularly effective for use with agricultural
crops and horticultural plants. Additional benefits may include,
but are not limited to, improving the health of a plant; improving
the yield of a plant (e.g. increased biomass and/or increased
content of valuable ingredients); improving the vigor of a plant
(e.g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves); improving the
quality of a plant (e.g. improved content or composition of certain
ingredients); and improving the tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic
stress of the plant.
[0029] In particular, the composition is effective in controlling a
variety of undesirable fungi that infect useful vegetable crops.
The composition maybe used against a variety of Ascomycete and
Basidiomycete fungi, including, for example, the following
representative fungi species:
[0030] On cucurbits: powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum,
Sphaerotheca fuliginea), ring spot (Mycosphaerella brassicicola),
blackleg (Plenodomus lingam), anthracnose (Colletotrichum
higginsianum, Colletotrichum obiculare, Colletotrichum spp.,
Glomerella lagenarium), gummy stem blight (Mycosphaerella melonis,
Didymella bryoniae, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum); Alternaria
leaf spot and blight (Alternaria cucumerina, Alternaria alternata f
sp. cucurbitae, Alternaria spp.), Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora
citrullina, Cercospora spp.), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum),
belly rot (Rhizoctonia solani), Corynespora blight/target spot
(Corynespora cassiicola), scab (Cladosporium cucumerinum),
Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae, Verticillium albo-atrum),
black root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola), blue mold rot (Penicillium
spp.), charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), and crater rot
(fruit) (Myrothecium roridum);
[0031] On tomato: powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica), Septoria
leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici), white mold (Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia minor), target spot (Corynespora
cassiicola), southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), gray mold
(Botrytis cinerea), gray leaf spot (Stemphylium spp.), Fusarium
wilt, Fusarium crown and root rot (Fusarium oxysporum), anthracnose
(Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum dematium, Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides, Glomerella cingulate), Alternaria stem canker and
black mold (Alternaria alternata), black root rot (Chalara
elegans), Cercospora leaf mold (Cercospora fuligena), charcoal rot
(Macrophomina phaseolina), corky root rot (Pyrenochaeta
lycopersici), Didymella stem rot (Didymella lycopersici), early
blight (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (Passalora fulva,
Mycovellosiella fulva), phoma rot (Phoma destructiva), and sour rot
(Geotrichum candidum);
[0032] On leafy vegetables: Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora
longissimi, Cercospora spp.), gray mold/Botrytis rot (Botrytis
cinerea), Alternaria leaf spot and blight (Alternaria sonchi,
Alternaria spp.), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum,
Golovinomyces cichoracearum, Uncinula spp.), rust (Puccinia
dioicae), Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lactucae, Septoria spp.),
southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), basal rot (Phoma exigua),
Rhizoctonia bottom rot (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia drop
(Sclerotinia minor, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and Stemphylium leaf
spot (Stemphylium botryosum);
[0033] On potato: anthracnose or black dot (Colletotrichum
coccodes), brown spot and black pit (Alternaria alternata),
Cercospora leaf blotch (Cercospora concors), charcoal rot
(Macrophomina phaseolina), common rust (Puccinia pittieriana),
deforming rust (Aecidium cantensis), early blight (Alternaria
solani), Fusarium dry rot and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium spp.),
gangrene (Phoma exigua f. sp. foveata), gray mold (Botrytis
cinerea), black blight or Phoma leaf spot (Stagonosporopsis
andigena, Phoma andigena var. andinai), powdery mildew (Erysiphe
cichoracearum), Rhizoctonia canker and black scurf (Rhizoctonia
solani), Rosellinia black rot (Rosellinia spp.), Septoria leaf spot
(Septoria lycopersici var. malagutil), silver scurf
(Helminthosporium solani), skin spot (Polyscytalum pustulans), stem
rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), Thecaphora smut (Thecaphora solani),
Ulocladium blight (Ulocladium atrum), Verticillium wilt
(Verticillium albo-atrum), and white mold (Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum);
[0034] On peppers: southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), powdery
mildew (Leveillula taurica), anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici,
Colletorichum acutatum, Colletorichum spp.), Cercospora (frogeye)
leaf spot (Cercospora capsici, Cercospora spp.), charcoal rot
(Macrophomina phaseolina), damping-off and root rot (Rhizoctonia
solani), Fusarium stem rot (Fusarium solani), Fusarium wilt
(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici), gray leaf spot (Stemphylium
spp.), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Verticillium wilt
(Verticillium albo-atrum), and white mold (Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum);
[0035] On cole crops: Alternaria leaf spot and blight (Alternaria
brassicicola, Alternaria spp.), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.),
black leg (Leptosphaeria maculans, Phoma lingam), Cercospora leaf
spot (Cercopsora spp.), Fusarium yellows and other diseases
(Fusarium spp.), gray mold/Botrytis blight (Botrytis cinerea),
powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni), Rhizoctonia rot and blight
(Rhizoctonia solani), ring spot (Mycosphaerella brassicicola),
Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia spp.), white leaf spot
(Pseudocercosporella capsellae).
[0036] Compound I has been found to have significant fungicidal
effects on phytopathogenic fungi of agriculturally useful vegetable
crops. These diseases include Alternaria brassicicola, which causes
black leaf spot of cabbage; Alternaria solani, which causes tomato
early blight; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which causes Sclerotinia
rot of lettuce; Colletotrichum capsici, which causes anthracnose of
hot pepper; Erysiphe cichoracearum, which causes powdery mildew of
cucumber; Mycovellosiella fulva, which causes leaf mold of tomato;
Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, which causes gummy stem blight of
watermelon; and Botrytis cinerea, which causes broad bean grey
mold, particularly for agricultural use. Compound I is particularly
effective for use with agricultural crops and horticultural
plants.
[0037] Compound I has a broad range of efficacy as a fungicide. The
exact amount of the active material to be applied is dependent not
only on the specific active material being applied, but also on the
particular action desired, the fungal species to be controlled, and
the stage of growth thereof, as well as the part of the plant or
other product to be contacted with the compound. Thus, compound I,
and formulations containing the same, may not be equally effective
at similar concentrations or against the same fungal species.
[0038] Compound I is effective in use with plants in a
disease-inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount. The term
"disease-inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount" refers to
an amount of a compound that kills or inhibits the plant disease
for which control is desired, but is not significantly toxic to the
plant. This amount will generally be from about 0.1 to about 1000
ppm (parts per million), with 1 to 500 ppm being preferred. The
exact concentration of compound required varies with the fungal
disease to be controlled, the type of formulation employed, the
method of application, the particular plant species, climate
conditions, and the like. A suitable application rate is typically
in the range from about 0.10 to about 4 pounds/acre (about 0.01 to
0.45 grams per square meter, g/m.sup.2).
[0039] Any range or desired value given herein may be extended or
altered without losing the effects sought, as is apparent to the
skilled person for an understanding of the teachings herein.
Examples
##STR00003##
[0040] Field assessment of Alternaria brassicicola (ALTEBI) on
cabbage:
[0041] A fungicidal treatment containing Compound I, applied in a
5% EC formulation and tank mixed with an adjuvant (Trycol, 50% w/w
at 0.2% v/v), was sprayed three times on head cabbage plants
(BRSOL) with the first application at 10-12 LF stage of cabbage.
The following applications were done at 7 day intervals will all
applications being sprayed at rates of 50, 100, and 150 grams of
active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The experimental plots
were inoculated with black leaf spot pathogen 2 days after the
first application. The treatment was part of an experimental trial
designed as a randomized complete block with four replications and
a plot of approximately 2.times.1 m, with compound I being applied
at water volume of 800 L/ha.
[0042] Disease severity was assessed as the percent diseased area
of cabbage bottom foliage (6 plants per plot randomly). Visual
infection was assessed three times during the trial at 7 days after
each application. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was
calculated for each plot using the sets of recorded severity data.
Relative AUDPC (% control based on AUDPC) was calculated as percent
of the nontreated control. Results are given in Table 1.
Field Assessment of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SCLESC) on
Lettuce:
[0043] A fungicidal treatment containing a 5% EC formulation of
compound I plus an adjuvant (Trycol, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v), was
sprayed on head lettuce plants (LACSC) twice, the first application
at the heading stage 36 days after planting, and the second
application 7 days later. Formulations of compound I were applied
at rates of 50, 100, and 150 grams of active ingredient per hectare
(g ai/ha). The experimental plots were inoculated with sclerotinia
rot pathogen 2 days after the first application. The treatment was
part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete
block with four replications and a plot of approximately 2.times.1
m, with formulations of compound I being applied at water volume of
800 L/ha.
[0044] Disease infection percentage was calculated by the equation
(stem lesion lengths)/(total stem lengths).times.100% per plant (6
plants per plot randomly). Sclerotinia rot infection was assessed
four times, 7 days after application A (DAAA) plus 7, 14 and 21
DAAB. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated
for each plot using the sets of recorded visual infection data.
Relative AUDPC (% control based on AUDPC) was calculated as percent
of the nontreated control. Results are given in Table 1.
Field Assessment of Colletotrichum capsici (COLLCA) on Hot
Peppers:
[0045] Assessment of compound I of COLLCA on hot peppers, in both
protectant and curative fashion, was performed in two separate
field trials. For the 2 day protectant test, a fungicidal treatment
containing a 5% EC formulation of compound I plus an adjuvant
(Trycol, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v), was sprayed on hot pepper plants
(CPSAN) three times, the first application at the flowering and
fruiting stage 43 days after planting, with the following
applications in 7 day intervals. Formulations of compound I were
applied at rates of 50, 100, and 150 grams of active ingredient per
hectare (g ai/ha). The experimental plots were inoculated with the
anthracnose pathogen 2 days after the first application. The
treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a
randomized complete block with four replications and a plot of
approximately 2.times.1 m, with formulations of compound I being
applied at water volume of 1000 L/ha.
[0046] Disease severity was assessed as the percent fruit area
diseased per plant (6 plants per plot randomly). Anthracnose
infection was assessed four times, 7 days after application A
(DAAA), 7 DAAB, plus 7 and 14 DAAC. Area under the disease progress
curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each plot using the sets of
recorded visual infection data. Relative AUDPC (% control based on
AUDPC) was calculated as percent of the nontreated control. Results
are given in Table 1.
[0047] For the 4 day curative trial, a fungicidal treatment
containing a 5% EC formulation of compound I plus an adjuvant
(Trycol, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v), was sprayed on hot pepper plants
(CPSAN) twice, the first application at the flowering and fruiting
stage 59 days after planting, with the second application after 7
days. Formulations of compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100,
150 and 200 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The
experimental plots were inoculated with the anthracnose pathogen 4
days before the first application (curative). The treatment was
part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete
block with four replications and a plot of approximately 2.times.1
m, with formulations of compound I being applied at water volume of
1200 L/ha.
[0048] Disease severity was assessed as the percent fruit area
diseased per plant (6 plants per plot randomly). Anthracnose
infection was assessed four times, 7 days after application A
(DAAA), plus 7, 14 and 21 DAAB. Area under the disease progress
curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each plot using the sets of
recorded visual infection data. Relative AUDPC (% control based on
AUDPC) was calculated as percent of the nontreated control. Results
are given in Table 1.
Field Assessment of Erysiphe Cichoracearum (ERYSCI) on
Cucumber:
[0049] Assessment of compound I of ERYSCI on cucumbers, in both
protectant and curative fashion, was performed in two separate
field trials. For the two day protectant test (2DP), a fungicidal
treatment containing a 5% EC formulation of compound I plus an
adjuvant (Trycol, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v), was sprayed on cucumber
plants (CUMSA) twice, the first application at the fruiting stage
41 days after planting, with the following application after 7
days. Formulations of compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100,
and 150 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The
experimental plots were inoculated with the powdery mildew pathogen
2 days after the first application. The treatment was part of an
experimental trial designed as a randomized complete block with
four replications and a plot of approximately 2.times.1 m, with
formulations of compound I being applied at water volume of 1200
L/ha based on seedling sizes.
[0050] Disease severity was assessed as percent diseased area of
cucumber foliage per plant (6 plants per plot randomly). Cucumber
powdery mildew infection was assessed three times, 7 days after
application A (DAAA), and 7 and 14 DAAB. Area under the disease
progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each plot using the sets
of recorded visual infection data. Relative AUDPC (% control based
on AUDPC) was calculated as percent of the nontreated control.
Results are given in Table 1.
[0051] In the curative trial, a fungicidal treatment containing a
5% EC formulation of compound I plus an adjuvant (Trycol, 50% w/w
at 0.2% v/v), was sprayed on cucumber plants (CUMSA) twice, the
first application at the fruiting stage 29 days after planting,
with the second application after 7 days. Formulations of compound
I were applied at rates of 50, 100 and 150 grams of active
ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The experimental plots were
inoculated with the powdery mildew pathogen 2 days before the first
application (curative). The treatment was part of an experimental
trial designed as a randomized complete block with four
replications and a plot of approximately 2.times.1 m, with
formulations of compound I being applied at water volume of 1200
L/ha based on seedling sizes.
[0052] Disease severity was assessed as percent diseased area of
cucumber foliage per plant (6 plants per plot randomly). Powdery
mildew disease severity was assessed four times, 7 days after
application A (DAAA), plus 7, 14 and 21 DAAB. Area under the
disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each plot using
the sets of recorded visual infection data. Relative AUDPC (%
control based on AUDPC) was calculated as percent of the nontreated
control. Results are given in Table 1.
Field Assessment of Alternaria solani (ALTESO) on Tomato:
[0053] Assessment of compound I of ALTESO on tomato was performed
in two separate field trials. In the first trial, a fungicidal
treatment containing Compound I, applied in both a 5% EC and 10% SC
formulation and tank mixed with an adjuvant (Agnique BP420, 50% w/w
at 0.3% v/v), was sprayed on tomato plants (LYPES) at approximately
60-70 cm in height at rates of 100 and 200 grams of active
ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The trial was based on five
foliar applications at 7 day intervals with inoculation with the
early blight pathogen 2 days after the first application. The
treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a
randomized complete block with four replications and a plot of
approximately 1.5.times.4 m. Compound I was applied at water volume
of 1000 L/ha with an AZO backpack sprayer using compressed air.
[0054] Disease severity was recorded as percent diseased area on a
random selection of 20 leaves and 20 fruits per plot. Percent
control was assessed with 6 evaluations made between 0-35 days
after the first application, DAA1. Area under the disease progress
curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each plot using the sets of
recorded severity data. Relative AUDPC (% control based on AUDPC)
was calculated as percent of the nontreated control. Results are
given in Table 2.
[0055] In a replicated trial, a fungicidal treatment containing
Compound I, applied in both a 5% EC and 10% SC formulation and tank
mixed with an adjuvant (Agnique BP420, 50% w/w at 0.3% v/v), was
sprayed on tomato plants (LYPES, Taylor variety) at approximately
21 days after planting. Formulations of compound I was applied at
rates of 100 and 200 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g
ai/ha). The trial was based on six foliar applications at 10 day
intervals under natural disease pressure of tomato early blight.
The treatment was part of an experimental trial designed as a
randomized complete block with four replications and a plot of
approximately 2.times.4 m. Formulations of compound I were applied
at water volume of 800 L/ha, using a backpack plot sprayer
(BKPCKENG, Solo 443; HCSOLID--Albutz ATR80 Orange Nozzle) and
pressurized at 300 kPa. Disease severity (percent control) was
recorded as percent visual leaf infection per plot and was assessed
at 10 days after the last application. Results are given in Table
2.
Field assessment of Mycovellosiella fulva (FULVFU) on tomato:
[0056] A 10% SC formulation of compound I was tanked mixed with
four different adjuvants: Agnique BP420 (50% w/w at 0.3% v/v);
Trycol (50% w/w at 0.1% v/v); Ethomeen T18H (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v);
and Phase II (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v). A fungicidal treatment
containing formulations of compound I, either alone or with
adjuvants, was sprayed on tomato plants four times, the first
application approximately 3 months after planting, with the
following three applications in 7-10 day intervals. Formulations of
compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100, 150 and 200 grams of
active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The experimental plots
were inoculated with the leaf mold pathogen 7 days before the first
application (curative). The treatment was part of an experimental
trial designed as a randomized complete block with four
replications and a plot of approximately 2.5.times.1.4 m.
Formulations of compound I were applied at water volume of 675
L/ha.
[0057] Disease severity was recorded as a percentage of visual
diseased foliage (6 random plants per plot). Tomato leaf mold
infection was assessed five times at 7 days after the first
application (7 DAAA), 7 DAAB, 5 DAAC, followed by 7 and 12 DAAD.
Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for
each plot using the sets of recorded severity data. Relative AUDPC
(% control based on AUDPC) was calculated as percent of the
nontreated control. Results are given in Table 3.
Field Assessment of Stagonosporopsis Cucurbitacearum (DIDYBR) on
Watermelon:
[0058] A 10% SC formulation of compound I was tanked mixed with
four different adjuvants: Agnique BP420 (50% w/w at 0.3% v/v);
Trycol (50% w/w at 0.1% v/v); Ethomeen T18H (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v);
and Phase II (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v). A fungicidal treatment
containing formulations of compound I, either alone or with
adjuvants, was sprayed on watermelon plants four times, the first
application approximately 2 months after planting, with the
following three applications in 7-10 day intervals. Formulations of
compound I were applied at rates of 50, 100, 150 and 200 grams of
active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The experimental plots
were inoculated with the gummy stem blight pathogen 2 days after
the first application. The treatment was part of an experimental
trial designed as a randomized complete block with four
replications and a plot of approximately 2.5.times.1.4 m.
Formulations of compound I were applied at water volume of 675
L/ha.
[0059] Disease severity was recorded as the length of stem lesion
and as percent area diseased foliage (3 random plants per plot).
Watermelon gummy stem blight infection was assessed twice, the
first at 6 days after the first application (6 DAAA), followed by
19 DAAD. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was
calculated for each plot using the sets of recorded severity data.
Relative AUDPC (% control based on AUDPC) was calculated as percent
of the nontreated control. Results are given in Table 4.
Greenhouse Assessment of Botrytis cinerea (BOTRCI) on Broad
Bean:
[0060] Technical grades of material were dissolved in acetone,
which were then mixed with nine volumes of water containing 100 ppm
of Triton X-100. The fungicide formulations were applied onto
seedling plants using an automated booth sprayer to run off. All
sprayed plants were allowed to dry prior to further handling. Test
plants were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea 1-day post
application. When disease symptoms were fully expressed on the
untreated plants, percent diseased area of the plant was assessed
on a scale of 0 to 100 percent disease severity. Percent disease
control was calculated using the ratio of disease severity on
treated plants relative to untreated plants. Results are given in
Table 5.
[0061] In each case of Table 1-5 the rating scale of percent
control based on AUDPC is as follows:
TABLE-US-00001 % Control Rating 76-100 A 51-75 B 26-50 C 1-25 D Not
tested E
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Percent Control by Compound I.sup.a on
Fungal Diseases of Vegetables Based on Area Under Disease
Progression Curve (AUDPC) in Protectant and Curative Tests. Rate
ALTEBI.sup.b SCLESC.sup.c COLLCA.sup.d ERYSCI.sup.e (g ai/ha).sup.f
2 DP.sup.g 2 DP 2 DP 4 DC.sup.h 2 DP 2 DC 50 C B A C A A 100 B A A
B A B 150 B A A B A C 200 E E E B E E .sup.aCompound I applied as a
5% EC formulation with Trycol adjuvant (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v)
.sup.bBlack leaf spot of cabbage-Alternaria brassicicola
.sup.cLettuce Sclerotinia rot-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum .sup.dHot
pepper anthracnose-Colletotrichum capsici .sup.eCucumber powdery
mildew-Erysiphe cichoracearum .sup.fGrams of active ingredient per
hectare .sup.g2 Day protectant .sup.h4 Day curative
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Efficacy of Compound I.sup.a against Early
Blight (ALTESO, Alternariasolani) on Leaves and Fruits of Tomato in
EC and SC Formulations. Leaves.sup.b Fruits.sup.c Leaves.sup.b Rate
Trial 1 Trial 1 Trial 2 (g ai/ha).sup.d 5% EC 10% SC 5% EC 10% SC
5% EC 10% SC 100 A A A A A A 200 A A A A A A .sup.aCompound I
applied with Agnique BP420 (50% w/w at 0.3% v/v) as an adjuvant
.sup.bPercent disease control on tomato leaves based on Area Under
Disease Progression Curve (AUDPC) .sup.cPercent disease control on
tomato fruits based on Area Under Disease Progression Curve (AUDPC)
.sup.dGrams of active ingredient per hectare
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Efficacy.sup.a of Compound I against Tomato
Leaf Mold (FULVFU, Mycovellosiella fulva) in a 10% SC Formulation
with or without Adjuvants. Rate Adjuvant (g ai/ha).sup.b I.sup.c
II.sup.d III.sup.e IV.sup.f V.sup.g 50 C A NT NT NT 100 C A A B A
150 NT A NT NT NT 200 NT A NT NT NT .sup.aPercent control based on
Area Under Disease Progression Curve (AUDPC) .sup.bGrams of active
ingredient per hectare .sup.cI-No adjuvant .sup.dII-Agnique BP420
(50% w/w at 0.3% v/v) .sup.eIII-Trycol (50% w/w at 0.1% v/v)
.sup.fIV-Ethomeen T18H (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v) .sup.gV-Phase II (50%
w/w at 0.2% v/v)
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 Efficacy.sup.a of Compound I against
Watermelon Gummy Stem Blight (DIDYBR, Stagonosporopsis
cucurbitacearum) in a 10% SC Formulation with or without Adjuvants.
Rate Adjuvant (g ai/ha).sup.b I.sup.c II.sup.d III.sup.e IV.sup.f
V.sup.g 50 NT A NT NT NT 100 B A B B B 150 NT A NT NT NT 200 NT A
NT NT NT .sup.aPercent control based on Area Under Disease
Progression Curve (AUDPC) .sup.bGrams of active ingredient per
hectare .sup.cI--No adjuvant .sup.dII--Agnique BP420 (50% w/w at
0.3% v/v) .sup.eIII--Trycol (50% w/w at 0.1% v/v)
.sup.fIV--Ethomeen T18H (50% w/w at 0.2% v/v) .sup.gV--Phase II
(50% w/w at 0.2% v/v)
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 Efficacy of Compound I against Broad Bean
Gray Mold (BOTRCI, Botrytis cinerea). Rate (ppm).sup.a %
Control.sup.b 400 A 100 A 25 A 6.25 B .sup.aParts per million
.sup.bPercent control calculated using the ratio of disease
severity on treated plants relative to untreated plants
Field Assessment of Corynespora cassiicola (CORYCA) in Tomato:
[0062] A fungicidal treatment containing Compound I, applied in an
SC formulation (MSO built-in) and tank mixed with an adjuvant
(Agnique BP-420, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v or Adsee C80W 80%), was
sprayed on tomato plants (LYPES, Charger variety) at growth stage
BBCH64 (4.sup.th flower open) at rates of 50, 75, 100, and 150
grams of active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The experimental
plots were inoculated with the target spot pathogen one day after
initial application. The treatment was part of an experimental
trial designed as a randomized complete block (RCB) with four
replications and a plot of approximately 6.times.25 feet (ft).
Compound I was applied at water volume of 100 gallons per acre
(gal/acre), using a tractor sprayer (SCDISC D1 Nozzles) and
pressurized at 200 psi.
[0063] Disease severity (percentage of visual diseased foliage
(leaf) on whole plot) was assessed four times during the trial
(1-20 days after application, DAA). Area under the disease progress
curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each plot using the sets of
recorded severity data. Relative AUDPC (% control based on AUDPC)
was calculated as percent of the untreated control. Results are
given in Table 6.
Field Assessment of Colletotrichum Coccodes (COLLCA) in Tomato:
[0064] A fungicidal treatment containing Compound I, applied in an
SC formulation (MSO built-in) and tank mixed with an adjuvant
(Agnique BP-420, 50% w/w at 0.2% v/v or Adsee C80W 80%), was
sprayed on tomato plants (LYPES, Roma VS Saladette type variety) at
growth stage 12 in vegetative growth at rates of 50, 75, 100, and
150 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha). The
experimental plots were run with natural infestation of the
anthracnose pathogen and supplemented with additional inoculum
about one day after the 1.sup.st application. The treatment was
part of an experimental trial designed as a randomized complete
block (RCB) with four replications and a plot of approximately
6.67.times.30 ft. Compound I was applied at water volume of 40
gal/acre, using a backpack sprayer (carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2),
8004VS FF nozzles) and pressurized at 38 psi.
[0065] Percent leaf severity was assessed three times during the
trial (0-23 days after application 1). Area under the disease
progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each plot using the
recorded leaf severity data. Relative AUDPC (% control based on
AUDPC) was calculated as percent of the untreated control. Results
are given in Table 7.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6 Formulation Comparison of Compound I with
MSO or Tank-Mixed with Agnique BP-420 of Calculated Percent Control
of Target Spot of Tomato (CORYCA, Corynespora cassiicola) Percent
Control Compound of CORYCA I.sup.a Adjuvant.sup.a or b (AUDPC) 50
MSO, 100.sup.a 55.2 75 MSO, 150.sup.a 56.1 100 MSO, 200.sup.a 71.6
150 MSO, 300.sup.a 84.0 50 Agnique BP420, 200.sup.b 53.1 75 Agnique
BP420, 300.sup.b 56.9 100 Agnique BP420, 400.sup.b 74.1 150 Agnique
BP420, 600.sup.b 83.9 100 Adsee C80W 80%, 250.sup.a 61.4 .sup.aRate
in g/ha .sup.bRate in mL/ha
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 7 Formulation Comparison of Compound I with
MSO or Tank- Mixed with Agnique BP-420 of Calculated Percent
Control of Anthracnose of Tomato (COLLCA, Colletotrichum coccodes)
Percent Control Compound of COLLCA I.sup.a Adjuvant.sup.a or b
(AUDPC) 50 MSO, 100.sup.a 46.0 75 MSO, 150.sup.a 75.5 100 MSO,
200.sup.a 92.6 150 MSO, 300.sup.a 95.3 50 Agnique BP420, 200.sup.b
67 75 Agnique BP420, 2300.sup.b 91.1 100 Agnique BP420, 400.sup.b
91.0 150 Agnique BP420, 600.sup.b 95.7 100 Adsee C80W 80%,
250.sup.a 57.3 .sup.aRate in g/ha .sup.bRate in mL/ha
* * * * *