U.S. patent application number 16/668020 was filed with the patent office on 2020-03-12 for non-flammable aerosol multiuse invert emulsion lubricant.
The applicant listed for this patent is WD-40 Company. Invention is credited to CHRIS AIELLO, MEGHAN LIEB.
Application Number | 20200080020 16/668020 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 63712700 |
Filed Date | 2020-03-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200080020 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
LIEB; MEGHAN ; et
al. |
March 12, 2020 |
NON-FLAMMABLE AEROSOL MULTIUSE INVERT EMULSION LUBRICANT
Abstract
Stable water-in-oil emulsions suitable for use as fire-resistant
aerosol multipurpose lubricants. The water-in-oil emulsion
comprises a synthetic ester base oil, compatible invert emulsifier,
water, and a preservative. The aerosol apparatus employs a larger
than standard stem orifice to produce a non-flammable aerosol.
Inventors: |
LIEB; MEGHAN; (Sparta,
NJ) ; AIELLO; CHRIS; (Matawan, NJ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
WD-40 Company |
San Diego |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
63712700 |
Appl. No.: |
16/668020 |
Filed: |
October 30, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15946611 |
Apr 5, 2018 |
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16668020 |
|
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62623610 |
Jan 30, 2018 |
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62482305 |
Apr 6, 2017 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10N 2030/16 20130101;
C10N 2020/091 20200501; C10M 169/045 20130101; C10N 2030/70
20200501; C10M 173/00 20130101; C10M 2207/283 20130101; C10N
2030/08 20130101; C10M 2211/022 20130101; C10N 2030/06 20130101;
C10M 173/02 20130101; C10M 2201/02 20130101; C10N 2030/24 20200501;
C10M 2207/281 20130101; C10N 2030/12 20130101; C10N 2050/013
20200501 |
International
Class: |
C10M 173/00 20060101
C10M173/00; C10M 169/04 20060101 C10M169/04; C10M 173/02 20060101
C10M173/02 |
Claims
1. An aerosol lubricating composition comprising by weight: 45% to
55% of water; 5% to 10% water-in-oil emulsifier compatible with a
synthetic ester base oil; 35% to 45% of synthetic ester base oil;
and a preservative.
2. The composition of claim 1 in which the water-in-oil emulsifier
is an oligomeric ester emulsifier.
3. The composition of claim 1 in which the base oil is a low
viscosity synthetic ester.
4. The composition of claim 1 in which the water is deionized.
5. The composition of claim 1 in which the composition is provided
in an aerosol delivery mechanism with a stem and actuator of
sufficient width radius to a create non-flammable mist.
6. The composition of claim 5 in which the stem width radius is
between 0.013'' to 0.025''.
7. The composition of claim 5 in which the stem width radius is
0.020''.
8. The composition of claim 1 in which the composition is mixed
with a non-flammable propellent in a ratio of 10% to 20% propellent
and 80% to 90% composition.
9. The composition of claim 1 in which the composition is mixed
with a non-flammable propellent in a ratio of 13% propellent and
87% composition.
13. The composition of claim 11 in which the propellent is
Honeywell's Solstice (HFO-1234ze).
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of application Ser. No.
15/946,611, filed Apr. 5, 2018, which claims priority on
Provisional U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/482,305,
filed Apr. 6, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
62/623,610, filed Jan. 30, 2018, which are incorporated herein in
their entirety by reference.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0002] Not Applicable
REFERENCE TO A "SEQUENCE LISTING", A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM
LISTING APPENDIX SUBMITTED ON COMPACT DISC
[0003] Not Applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
[0004] The present invention relates to non-flammable multiuse
aerosol lubricants.
2. Description of Prior Art Including Information Disclosed Under
37 CFR 1.97 and 1.98
[0005] This invention relates to an improved aerosol non-flammable
composition in the form of a substantially stable water-in-oil
emulsion for use in protecting metal from rust and corrosion,
penetrating stuck parts, displacing moisture and lubricating almost
anything. More particularly, such improved aerosol non-flammable
composition consists of water, an oil base, an invert emulsifier,
and a preservative. The aerosol delivery system consists of a
standard aerosol mechanism with increased stem orifice radius
sufficient to create larger than standard droplets in the aerosol
to reduce the flammability profile of the aerosol mist.
[0006] Multiuse aerosol lubricants are widely known. Generally,
such compositions employ hydrocarbons and are flammable. The most
widely known and successful of these compounds is marketed under
the trademark WD-40.RTM.. For over 50 years, consumers have used
WD-40.RTM. Multi-Use Product (hereinafter "WD-40.RTM.") to protect
metal from rust and corrosion and for penetrating lubrication.
WD-40.RTM. protects and lubricates effectively, in part, because it
so effectively displaces water. The formulation for WD-40.RTM. is a
trade secret but is generally understood to consist of hydrocarbons
and other proprietary ingredients. It does not contain water.
[0007] There has long been a need for non-flammable multiuse
aerosol lubricants. However, there is an inherent tension between
performance and non-flammability in multiuse aerosol lubricants.
While hydrocarbons impart much of the performance in multiuse
lubricants like WD-40.RTM., they are inherently flammable.
Additionally, aerosols add to the danger of creating a flammable
product. Conversely, while water decreases the flammability profile
of the product, water causes rust and corrosion, which is exactly
what multiuse aerosol lubricants are designed to prevent.
[0008] The use of water-in-oil emulsions has been used in other
fields to create non-flammable lubricants. For example, in the
hydraulic field, invert emulsions are routinely used to create
non-flammable hydraulic fluids that have lubricating properties.
However, because of the higher demands for lubrication and
non-flammability, inverse emulations have not been used for
multiuse aerosol lubricants.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] This invention has found surprisingly that when an invert
emulsion made with a synthetic ester base oil and a compatible
invert emulsifier is delivered through an aerosol apparatus that
creates certain larger than standard droplets it creates a
non-flammable multiuse lubricant aerosol. A preservative is
included in the composition to prevent the growth of bacteria,
yeast, and molds that would interfere with the creation and
stability of the emulsion.
[0010] The improved water-in-oil aerosol non-flammable multiuse
lubricating composition appears to be an improvement over the prior
art lubricating compositions because of its improved combination of
lubrication, corrosion and rust prevention, water displacement, and
fire resistance.
[0011] Broadly, the improved multiuse composition is in the form of
a substantially stable water-in-oil emulsion consisting of 10% to
20% by weight of a liquified, normally gaseous, propellant and 80%
to 90% of a base consisting essentially of by weight:
[0012] A. 45% to 55% of water;
[0013] B. 5% to 10% water-in-oil emulsifier compatible with a
synthetic ester base oil;
[0014] C. 35% to 45% of synthetic ester base oil; and
[0015] D. 0.01% to 1% of preservative.
[0016] Also, within the scope of the claimed invention is the
aerosol apparatus for delivering the formulation in a stable
non-flammable form. Aerosols of the current invention created using
a standard stem sizes, however, are flammable. The current
invention uses stems and actuators with increased radiuses or other
components to create larger droplets in the aerosol, which in turn
creates a non-flammable aerosol. Using standard aerosol components,
a stem orifice of 0.013'' to 0.025'' is preferable.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] A multiuse composition in the form of a substantially stable
water-in-oil emulsion consists of 13% Honeywell's Solstice
(HFO-1234ze) propellent by weight and 87% to a base consisting
essentially of by weight:
[0018] A. 51.95% of deionized water;
[0019] B. 8% Hypermer 2524;
[0020] C. 40% of Priolube LL-564; and
[0021] D. 0.05% of Reputain B-30.
[0022] The aerosol apparatus for delivering the formulation in a
stable non-flammable form consists of standard aerosol components
with a stem with increased orifice of 0.020'' and two entry ways
for uptake of the base liquid.
[0023] Hypermer 2524 is an oligomeric ester emulsifier for use in
the manufacture of inverse polymer emulsions. It is compatible with
synthetic esters such as Priolube LL-564 as an inverse emulsifier.
It is a proprietary product manufactured and sold by Croda
International Plc.
[0024] Priolube LL-564 is a low viscosity synthetic ester. It is a
proprietary product manufactured and sold by Croda International
Plc.
[0025] Reputain B-30 is a preservative that contains
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (30%), Propylene glycol
(57.5-62.5%), and Water (7-10%).
[0026] The above composition has shown surprisingly good
lubricating and anticorrosion properties while maintaining
non-flammability in both the liquid and aerosol form.
Comparative Testing
[0027] The invert emulsion was the only formulation that had
lubricating and anticorrosion properties similar to the market
leader WD-40.RTM., while remaining non-flammable in both liquid and
aerosol form.
[0028] Alternative formulas tested included oil-in-water emulsions,
chlorinated hydrocarbons and perfluoropolyether (PFPE), and
phosphate esters, phosphate ester and fluorinated hydrocarbons.
Those formulas included:
Synthetic Emulsion--This is a proprietary synthetic metal working
fluid formulation provided by Croda International Plc.
Semisynthetic Emulsion--This is a proprietary semisynthetic metal
working fluid formulation provided by Croda International Plc. GPL
and PFPE--This is a formulation of chlorinated hydrocarbons and
perfluoropolyether (PFPE). It consists of 83.3% Vertrel XF
(Chlorinated hydrocarbon),14.7% Acetone, and 2% GPL-105 (PFPE).
Vertel XF (1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-Decafluoropentane) is a proprietary
hydrofluorocarbon fluid used as a solvent and vapor degreasing
equipment for cleaning, rinsing, and drying. Vertel XF is supplied
by Chemours. GPL-105 is a clear, colorless perfluoropolyether oil
that is nonflammable and long-lasting. On a weight basis, GPL-105
contains 21.6% carbon, 9.4% oxygen, and 69.0% Fluorine. It is
sourced from Chemours. KDP and PFPE--This is also a formulation of
chlorinated hydrocarbons and perfluoropolyether (PFPE). It consists
of 83.3% Vertrel XF (Chlorinated hydrocarbon), 14.7% Acetone, and
2% KDP (PFPE). KDP is the same as GPL, but also contains
anti-corrosion additive. It is sourced from Chemours. Phosphate
Ester--This is a product sold by Exxon under the name Hyjet V. It
is marketed as a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid based on phosphate
esters. Its chemical composition is commercially described as
70-80% tributyl phosphate, 10-20% phenol, isopropylated, phosphate,
5-7% aliphatic epoxide, and 0.1-1% 2,6-Di-Tert-Butyl-P-Cresol.
Phosphate Ester and Fluorinated Hydrocarbons--It contains 65%
Reolube and 35% Vertel XF. Reolube 46B is sold by Chemours and
marketed as a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid. It is essentially
100% Phenol, isobutylenated, phosphate, with less than 25% of
phenols triphenyl phosphates.
[0029] Below is a comparison of the preferred embodiment to the
other prospective multiuse lubricants and WD-40.RTM..
Lubrication Testing
[0030] The invert emulsion was generally comparable or better than
most of the other potential non-flammable multiuse lubricators.
Three tests were performed on the formulations to determine their
relative abilities to lubricate under varying conditions. Those
tests and results are described below.
ASTM D-4172: Wear Preventive Characteristics fo Lubricating
Fluid.
[0031] This test is commonly known as the Four Ball Wear and
measures the wear protection of a test fluid. Three steel balls are
clamped together and covered with the lubricant to be evaluated. A
fourth steel ball is pressed with force into the top cavity formed
by the three lower balls. The temperature of the test lubricant can
be regulated and then the top ball is rotated at 1200 rpm for 60
minutes. Lubricants are compared by the average of the measure (in
mm) of the scar worn into the three lower balls. Good results are
less than 1.0 mm with excellent results being around 0.5 mm.
Anti-wear fluids will reduce the amount of metal lose due to
friction during a metalworking process or metal to metal
contact.
ASTM D-3233: Measurement of Extreme Pressure Properties of Fluid
Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Methods).
[0032] This test measures the load-carrying properties of a
lubricant by rotating a steel pin at 290 rpm against two stationary
V-blocks immersed in the lubricant sample. Load, in 250 foot pound
increments, is applied to the V-blocks by a ratchet mechanism. The
load is increased every minute until failure occurs as indicated by
breakage of the shear pin or test pin, or inability to increase or
maintain the load on the ratchet wheel. Results are reported as
pounds with 4,500 being the maximum that can be detected. An
extreme pressure fluid will maintain its lubricating properties as
pressure and temperature increases.
ASTM D-5620: Evaluating Thin Film Fluid Lubricants in a Drain and
Dry Mode.
[0033] This tests measures the endurance or wear life of a
lubricant. The test fluid is deposited on the pin and V-blocks and
allowed to drain for 1 to 4 minutes. The steel pin is rotated at
290 rpm against two stationary V-blocks and a load of 300 foot
pounds is applied. If after 60 minutes, there is no failure, the
load is increased to 500 foot pounds. Failure is when the steady
state torque is interrupted by a sharp increase or spike in the
torque, breakage of the shear pin, or failure to maintain the load.
Results are reported in minutes at load pounds.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 ASTM Formulation ASTM D-4172 ASTM D-3233
D-5620 Invert Emulsion 0.60 mm 3789 lbs 20.5 min WD-40 .RTM.
0.60-0.70 mm 1300-2000 lbs 1-10 min Synthetic 0.75 mm 3901 lbs 0.14
min Emulsion Semisynthetic 0.84 mm 4500+ lbs 0.32 min Emulsion GPL
and PFPE 0.95 mm 1350 lbs 7.5 min KDP and PFPE 2.24 mm 1550 lbs
1.50 min Phosphate Ester 0.62 mm 1900 lbs 5.5 min Phosphate Ester
0.59 mm 4500+ lbs 14.7 min and Fluorinated Hydrocarbons
Anticorrosion Testing:
[0034] The invert emulsion was markedly better than most of the
other potential non-flammable multiuse lubricators. Two tests were
performed on the formulations to determine their relative abilities
to prevent corrosion and rust. Those tests and results are
described below.
ASTM B-117: Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus.
[0035] This test is used to measure the level of corrosion
protection provided by a test fluid. Cold rolled steel panels, with
surface prepared by sand blasting, are treated with the fluid by
dipping or spray, allowed to drain for 2 hours, then placed in the
salt spray cabinet that contains a fog of 5% salt (NaCl) water
solution at 35.degree. C. (95.degree. F.). Panels are left in the
closed cabinet for the entire test period; we typically use a 72
hour period.
FTM-3007: Water Displacement.
[0036] This test is used to measure the ability of a fluid to
displace water on a metal surface and then provide corrosion
protection. Cold rolled steel panels, with surface prepared by sand
blasting, are immersed in deionized water and then immersed in the
test fluid just prior to being place in a static humidity chamber
(25.degree. C. and 50% humidity) for one hour. The procedure is
repeated but using the test fluid after a 10% level of water has
been added and mixed with it. Results are reported as % visible
corrosion for both the as is and the contaminated fluid.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Formulation ASTM B-117 FTM-3007 Invert
Emulsion No Rust at 72 Hours No Corrosion on Both WD-40 .RTM. 0-20%
Rust at 72 hours No Corrosion on Both Synthetic Emulsion 87% Rust
at 24 Hours No Corrosion on Both Semisynthetic Emulsion 87% Rust at
24 Hours No Corrosion on Both GPL and PFPE 90% Rust at 24 hours
Original: 0-1% corrosion. Contaminated: 1-3% corrosion KDP and PFPE
95% Rust at 24 hours Original: 25-50% corrosion. Contaminated:
85-97% corrosion. Phosphate Ester 90% Rust at 24 hours Original:
2-5% corrosion. Contaminated: 2% corrosion Phosphate Ester and 95%
Rust at 24 Hours Original: 40% corrosion. Fluorinated Hydrocarbons
Contaminated: 45% corrosion
Flammability Testing:
[0037] The invert emulsion was the only potential non-flammable
multiuse lubricant with superior lubrication and anticorrosion
properties that was also non-flammable in an aerosol form. The
Invert Emulsion was tested for flammability using a straw connected
the actuator and without. Three tests were performed on the
formulations to determine their relative flammability profile.
Using the larger stem orifice radius reduced the flammability
profile of the invert emulsion. Those tests and results are
described below.
Flame Extension and Flashback (outlined in CFR Part 16 1500.45)
[0038] A spray can is placed in a holding device 15cm from an open
flame source set at a height of 5 cm. The spray can is discharged
for 5 seconds and the flame extension is measured. The operator can
then determine if a flashback exists by observing if a flame
travels backwards toward the spray can.
GHS UN Ignition Distance (performed per UNECE Part III 31.4)
[0039] A spray can is discharged towards an open flame starting at
a distance of 60 cm. The distance is shortened incrementally until
a sustained ignition is observed.
Enclosed Space Ignition (performed per UNECE Part III Section
31.5)
[0040] A spray can is discharged into a test vessel (55 gallon
drum) containing a burning candle. A timer is started at the time
the can was discharged in order to determine the time elapsed
before ignition, if any.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Flame Extension GHS UN Ignition Enclosed
Space Formulation and Flashback Distance Ignition Invert Emulsion
18 inch flame (no 30 cm (no straw) >300 s/m3 (Standard Aersol
straw) <15 cm (with straw) with 0.013 Stem) No flame (with
straw) No flashback Invert Emulsion No flame extension No flame
>300 s/m3 (Aersol with 0.02'' No flashback Stem) WD-40 .RTM.
Produces a flame Greater than 15 cm <300 s/m3 extension and
flame flashback Synthetic Emulsion No flame extension No flame
>300 s/m3 No flashback Semisynthetic No flame extension No flame
>300 s/m3 Emulsion No flashback GPL and PFPE No flame extension
No flame >300 s/m3 No flashback KDP and PFPE No flame extension
No flame >300 s/m3 No flashback Phosphate Ester No flame
extension No flame >300 s/m3 No flashback Phosphate Ester and No
flame extension No flame >300 s/m3 Fluorinated No flashback
Hydrocarbons
[0041] While only a limited number of preferred embodiments of the
present invention have been disclosed for purposes of illustration,
it is obvious that many modifications and variations could be made
thereto. It is intended to cover all of those modifications and
variations which fall within the scope of the present invention, as
defined by the following claims:
* * * * *