U.S. patent application number 16/485840 was filed with the patent office on 2020-02-20 for x-ray tube and x-ray generation device.
This patent application is currently assigned to HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K.. The applicant listed for this patent is HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K.. Invention is credited to Kazutaka SUZUKI.
Application Number | 20200058462 16/485840 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 63918938 |
Filed Date | 2020-02-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20200058462 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SUZUKI; Kazutaka |
February 20, 2020 |
X-RAY TUBE AND X-RAY GENERATION DEVICE
Abstract
An X-ray tube includes: a vacuum housing configured to include
an internal space which is vacuum; a target unit configured to be
disposed in the internal space, and include a target that generates
an X-ray by using an electron beam incident therein, and a target
support unit that supports the target, the X-ray generated by the
target being transmitted through the target support unit; an X-ray
emission window configured to be so provided as to face the target
support unit, and seal an opening of the vacuum housing, the X-rays
transmitted through the target support unit being transmitted
through the X-ray emission window; an elastic member configured to
press the target unit in such a direction as to approach the X-ray
emission window; and a target shift unit configured to shift the
target unit pressed by the elastic member in a direction crossing
an incidence direction of the electron beam.
Inventors: |
SUZUKI; Kazutaka;
(Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K. |
Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K.
Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka
JP
|
Family ID: |
63918938 |
Appl. No.: |
16/485840 |
Filed: |
February 26, 2018 |
PCT Filed: |
February 26, 2018 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2018/006981 |
371 Date: |
August 14, 2019 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01J 35/28 20130101;
H01J 35/186 20190501; H01J 35/08 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H01J 35/28 20060101
H01J035/28; H01J 35/18 20060101 H01J035/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 28, 2017 |
JP |
2017-090042 |
Claims
1. An X-ray tube comprising: a vacuum housing configured to include
an internal space, the internal space being vacuum; a target unit
disposed in the internal space, and configured to include a target
configured to generate an X-ray by using an electron beam incident
therein, and a target support unit configured to support the
target, the X-ray generated by the target being transmitted through
the target support unit; an X-ray emission window provided so as to
face the target support unit, and configured to seal an opening of
the vacuum housing, the X-rays transmitted through the target
support unit being transmitted through the X-ray emission window;
an elastic member configured to press the target unit in such a
direction as to approach the X-ray emission window; and a target
shift unit configured to shift the target unit pressed by the
elastic member in a direction crossing an incidence direction of
the electron beam.
2. The X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the target unit
includes a target holding unit connected to the target shift unit,
and configured to hold the target and the target support unit, and
the elastic member presses the target holding unit.
3. The X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member
is made of metal.
4. The X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum housing
includes an elastic member support unit provided on an opposite
side of the target unit from the X-ray emission window in the
internal space, and configured to support the target unit via the
elastic member, and at least one of the target unit and the elastic
member support unit is provided with a positioning portion
configured to position the elastic member.
5. The X-ray tube according to claim 4, wherein the positioning
portion is a groove provided in either one of the target unit and
the elastic member support unit, and the elastic member is slidably
held relative to either the target unit or the elastic member
support unit between the target unit and the elastic member support
unit so as to be accommodated in the groove.
6. The X-ray tube according to claim 1, further comprising a guide
unit configured to guide a shift of the target unit shifted by the
target shift unit.
7. The X-ray tube according to claim 6, wherein the guide unit
includes a recess provided in either one of the target unit and the
vacuum housing, and elongated in the shift direction of the target
unit shifted by the target shift unit, and a protrusion provided in
another one of the target unit and the vacuum housing, and
configured to enter the recess.
8. The X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member
presses the target unit such that the target unit comes into
contact with an inner wall surface of the vacuum housing.
9. The X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the target unit is
shifted by the target shift unit in such a manner as to slide on an
inner wall surface of the vacuum housing, and at least one of a
region of the target unit in contact with the inner wall surface
and a region of the inner wall surface in contact with the target
unit includes a rough surface portion having surface roughness
higher than surface roughness of a surface of the target support
unit.
10. The X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray emission
window is separated from the target support unit.
11. The X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the target unit
includes a through hole communicating with an inside of a
separation space defined between the target support unit and the
X-ray emission window, and with an outside of the separation
space.
12. An X-ray generation device comprising: the X-ray tube according
to claim 1; a housing configured to house at least a part of the
X-ray tube, insulating oil being sealed into the housing; and a
power supply portion electrically connected to the X-ray tube via a
power supply unit.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to an X-ray tube
and an X-ray generation device.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] X-ray tubes described in Patent Literatures 1 and 2 have
been known. The X-ray tube described in Patent Literature 1 has a
target base on which a target is disposed, a target holder for
fixing the target base, and a mechanism for shifting the target
base in a plane perpendicular to an electron beam optical axis. The
X-ray tube described in Patent Literature 2 includes a tube body
capable of evacuating an inside of the X-ray tube, a target
provided inside the tube body, a mechanism for shifting the target
inside the tube body, and an X-ray emission window provided in the
tube body.
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0003] Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent No. 3812165
[0004] Patent Literature 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication
No. 2001-35428
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0005] According to the X-ray tube, electron beams incident therein
may damage the target. In this case, a dose of generated X-rays may
decrease. Accordingly, there has been demanded such a configuration
which shifts the target to allow the electron beams to enter a
position of the target other than the damaged position. For meeting
this demand, the X-ray tube described in Patent Literature 1 shifts
the target base exposed to the outside of the X-ray tube to shift
the target. In this case, a space between the target base to be
shifted and the target holder needs to be airtightly sealed.
However, the target is difficult to shift while maintaining
sufficient airtightness.
[0006] Meanwhile, in case of the X-ray tube described in Patent
Literature 2, the target is housed inside the tube body, and is
shifted inside the tube body. Accordingly, sufficient airtightness
can be secured during the shift of the target. However, a focus to
object distance (FOD) increases in a state that the target and the
X-ray emission window are disposed away from each other. For
increasing a geometrical magnification of a test object on a
captured image at the time of imaging the test object using the
X-ray tube, it is desirable to reduce the FOD, which is the
distance from an X-ray focus to the test object.
[0007] One aspect of the present invention has been developed in
consideration of the aforementioned circumstances. An object of the
present invention to provide an X-ray tube and an X-ray generation
device capable of shifting a target while reducing an FOD.
Solution to Problem
[0008] An X-ray tube according to one aspect of the present
invention includes: a vacuum housing configured to include an
internal space, the internal space being vacuum; a target unit
disposed in the internal space, and configured to include a target
configured to generate an X-ray by using an electron beam incident
therein, and a target support unit configured to support the
target, the X-ray generated by the target being transmitted through
the target support unit; an X-ray emission window provided so as to
face the target support unit, and configured to seal an opening of
the vacuum housing, the X-rays transmitted through the target
support unit being transmitted through the X-ray emission window;
an elastic member configured to press the target unit in such a
direction as to approach the X-ray emission window; and a target
shift unit configured to shift the target unit pressed by the
elastic member in a direction crossing an incidence direction of
the electron beam.
[0009] According to the X-ray tube having this configuration, the
target unit is pressed by the elastic member in such a direction as
to approach the X-ray emission window. The target is thus brought
close to the X-ray emission window. In this case, the target can be
maintained in the state close to the X-ray emission window even
when the target unit is shifted by the target shift unit.
Accordingly, a shift of the target is achievable while reducing an
FOD.
[0010] According to the X-ray tube of one aspect of the present
invention, the target unit may include a target holding unit
connected to the target shift unit, and configured to hold the
target and the target support unit. The elastic member may press
the target holding unit. This configuration can reduce physical
stress caused by the shift of the target unit and the press by the
elastic member, and directly applied to the target and the target
support unit.
[0011] According to the X-ray tube of one aspect of the present
invention, the elastic member may be made of metal. This
configuration can reduce gas release from the elastic member.
[0012] According to the X-ray tube of one aspect of the present
invention, the vacuum housing may include an elastic member support
unit provided on an opposite side of the target unit from the X-ray
emission window in the internal space, and configured to support
the target unit via the elastic member. A positioning portion that
positions the elastic member may be provided in at least one of the
target unit and the elastic member support unit. This configuration
can position the elastic member, and reduce a change of the
FOD.
[0013] According to the X-ray tube of one aspect of the present
invention, the positioning portion may be a groove provided in
either one of the target unit and the elastic member support unit.
The elastic member may be slidably held relative to either the
target unit or the elastic member support unit between the target
unit and the elastic member support unit so as to be accommodated
in the groove. This configuration allows sliding of the target unit
while securely positioning the elastic member in the groove during
a shift of the target unit by the target shift unit. Accordingly,
this configuration can reduce a change of the pressing direction of
the pressing force of the elastic member as a result of the shift
of the target unit, and maintain a fixed positional relationship
between the target unit and the X-ray emission window.
[0014] The X-ray tube of one aspect of the present invention may
further include a guide unit configured to guide a shift of the
target unit shifted by the target shift unit. This configuration
can reduce a shift of the target unit in an unintended
direction.
[0015] According to the X-ray tube of one aspect of the present
invention, the guide unit may include: a recess provided in either
one of the target unit and the vacuum housing, and elongated in the
shift direction of the target unit shifted by the target shift
unit; and a protrusion provided in the other one of the target unit
and the vacuum housing, and configured to enter the recess. This
configuration can guide the shift of the target unit along the
recess and the protrusion.
[0016] According to the X-ray tube of one aspect of the present
invention, the elastic member may press the target unit in such a
manner as to bring the target unit into contact with an inner wall
surface of vacuum housing. This configuration can position the
target unit on the inner wall surface of the vacuum housing, and
reduce a change of the FOD.
[0017] According to the X-ray tube of one aspect of the present
invention, the target unit may be shifted by the target shift unit
in such a manner as to slide on an inner wall surface of the vacuum
housing. At least one of a region of the target unit in contact
with the inner wall surface and a region of the inner wall surface
in contact with the target unit may include a rough surface portion
that has surface roughness higher than surface roughness of a
surface of the target support unit. This configuration can reduce a
contact area between the target unit and the vacuum housing in
contact with each other, thereby reducing resistance caused during
the shift of the target unit.
[0018] According to the X-ray tube of one aspect of the present
invention, the X-ray emission window may be separated from the
target support unit. This configuration can facilitate the shift of
the target unit, and reduce a possibility of friction between the
X-ray emission window and the target support unit caused as a
result of the shift.
[0019] According to the X-ray tube of one aspect of the present
invention, the target unit may include a through hole that
communicates with an inside of a separation space defined between
the target support unit and the X-ray emission window, and with an
outside of the separation space. This configuration can efficiently
evacuate the separation space using the through holes.
[0020] An X-ray generation device according to one aspect of the
present invention includes: the X-ray tube described above; a
housing configured to house at least a part of the X-ray tube,
insulating oil being sealed into the housing; and a power supply
electrically connected to the X-ray tube via a power supply
unit.
[0021] The X-ray generation device configured as above also offers
the above-mentioned effect for shifting the target while reducing
the FOD by using the X-ray tube described above.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0022] Provided according to one aspect of the present invention is
an X-ray tube and an X-ray generation device capable of shifting a
target while reducing an FOD.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0023] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an
X-ray generation device according to an embodiment.
[0024] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an
X-ray tube according to the embodiment.
[0025] FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an
X-ray emission side of the X-ray tube according to the
embodiment.
[0026] Part (a) of FIG. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional
view explaining a shift of a target unit in FIG. 3. Part (b) of
FIG. 4 is another enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view
explaining the shift of the target unit in FIG. 3.
[0027] FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing the target
unit in FIG. 3.
[0028] FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a lower surface side of
a target shift plate in FIG. 3.
[0029] FIG. 7 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view
explaining a shift of a target unit of an X-ray tube according to a
modified example.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT
[0030] An embodiment will be hereinafter described in detail with
reference to the drawings. In the following description, identical
or corresponding elements are given identical reference numerals,
and the same description will be not be repeated.
[0031] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an
X-ray generation device according to the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a
longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an X-ray tube according
to the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, an X-ray generation device
100 is a microfocus X-ray source used for X-ray nondestructive
inspection for observing an internal structure of a test object,
for example. The X-ray generation device 100 includes an X-ray tube
1, a housing C, and a power supply portion 80.
[0032] As shown in FIG. 2, the X-ray tube 1 is a transmission type
X-ray tube which generates an X-ray X by using an electron beam B
emitted from an electron gun 110 and entering a target T, and
emits, from an X-ray emission window 30, the X-ray X transmitted
through the target T. The X-ray tube 1 is a vacuum-sealed X-ray
tube which includes a vacuum housing 10 having an internal space R
as a vacuum space, and does not require component replacement and
the like.
[0033] The vacuum housing 10 has a substantially cylindrical
external shape. The vacuum housing 10 includes a head unit 4 made
of a metal material (e.g., stainless steel), and an insulating
valve 2 made of an insulating material (e.g., glass). The X-ray
emission window 30 is fixed to the head unit 4. The head unit 4 has
a main body 11 and an upper cover 12. The electron gun 110 is fixed
to the insulating valve 2. The insulating valve 2 has a recess 116
folded and extended from an end facing the X-ray emission window 30
toward the X-ray emission window 30. The insulating valve 2 further
includes a stem portion 115 so provided as to seal an end of the
recess 116 on the X-ray emission window 30 side. The stern portion
115 holds the electron gun 110 at a predetermined position in the
internal space R via a stem pin S used for power supply or other
purposes. More specifically, the recess 116 increases a creepage
distance between the head unit 4 and the electron gun 110 to
improve withstand voltage characteristics, and positions the
electron gun 110 close to the target T in the internal space R to
easily produce a microfocus electron beam as the electron beam
B.
[0034] The electron gun 110 includes a heater 111 constituted by a
filament which generates heat when energized, a cathode 112 heated
by the heater 111 to function as an electron emission source, and a
first grid electrode 113 which controls an amount of electrons
released from the cathode 112, and a second grid electrode 114
which has a cylindrical shape and focuses electrons having passed
through the first grid electrode 113 toward the target T. The X-ray
tube 1 is fixed to one end of a cylindrical member 70 described
below. A not-shown exhaust pipe is attached to the X-ray tube 1.
The X-ray tube 1 is vacuum-sealed by evacuating the inside through
the exhaust pipe.
[0035] The housing C of the X-ray generation device 100 includes
the cylindrical member 70, and a power supply portion case 84 which
houses the power supply portion 80. The cylindrical member 70 is
made of metal. The cylindrical member 70 has a cylindrical shape
having openings at both ends. The insulating valve 2 of the X-ray
tube 1 is inserted into an opening 70a on one end side of the
cylindrical member 70. In this manner, the cylindrical member 70
houses at least a part of the X-ray tube 1. An attachment flange 3
of the X-ray tube 1 is brought into contact with one end surface of
the cylindrical member 70, and fixed to the one end surface by a
screw or the like. In this manner, the X-ray tube 1 seals the
opening 70a while fixed at the opening 70a of the cylindrical
member 70. Insulating oil 71, which is a liquid electrical
insulating material, is sealed into the cylindrical member 70.
[0036] The power supply portion 80 has a function of supplying
power to the X-ray tube 1. The power supply portion 80 includes an
insulating block 81 made of epoxy resin, and an internal substrate
82 which includes a high-voltage generation circuit molded into the
insulating block 81. The power supply portion 80 is housed in the
power supply portion case 84 having a rectangular box shape. The
other end side of the cylindrical member 70 (side opposite to the
one end side corresponding to the X-ray tube 1 side) is fixed to
the power supply portion 80. In this manner, an opening 70b on the
other end side of the cylindrical member 70 is sealed, and the
insulating oil 71 is airtightly sealed into the cylindrical member
70.
[0037] A high-voltage power supply unit 90, which includes a
cylindrical socket electrically connected to the internal substrate
82, is disposed on the insulating block 81. The power supply
portion 80 is electrically connected to the X-ray tube 1 via the
high-voltage power supply unit 90. More specifically, one end of
the high-voltage power supply unit 90 on the X-ray tube 1 side is
electrically connected to a stem pin S inserted into the recess 116
of the insulating valve 2 of the X-ray tube 1 and projecting from
the stem portion 115. In addition, the other end of the
high-voltage power supply unit 90 on the power supply portion 80
side is fixed to the insulating block 81 while electrically
connected to the internal substrate 82. The insulating block 81
includes a wall portion 83 which is annular and coaxial with the
X-ray tube 1. The wall portion 83 projects in such a manner as to
shield a connection portion between the cylindrical member 70 and
the power supply portion 80 from the high-voltage power supply unit
90 in a state that the wall portion 83 is separated from the X-ray
tube 1 and the cylindrical member 70. According to the present
embodiment, the target T (anode) is set to a ground potential. A
negative high voltage (e.g., from -10 kV to -500 kV) is supplied
from the power supply portion 80 to the electron gun 110 via the
high-voltage power supply unit 90.
[0038] FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an
X-ray emission side of the X-ray tube according to the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view explaining
a shift of a target unit. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view
showing the target unit. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the X-ray tube
1 includes the vacuum housing 10, a target unit 20, the X-ray
emission window 30, an elastic member 40, and a shift mechanism
(target shift unit) 50.
[0039] In the description of the present embodiment, an emission
direction side of an X-ray from the X-ray tube 1 is simply referred
to as an "X-ray emission side" or an "upper side". According to the
present embodiment, assuming that a tube axis of the X-ray tube 1
is an "axis TA", that an axis in a direction where the electron
beam B enters the target T is an "axis BA", and that an axis in a
direction where the X-ray X is emitted is an "axis XA", the
electron beam B emitted from the electron gun 110 travels in the
internal space R toward the target T in a direction coaxial with
the axis TA, and enters the target T on the axis TA in a direction
perpendicular to the target T to generate an X-ray. In this case,
the axis TA, the axis BA, and the axis XA are all coaxial with each
other, and therefore are also collectively referred to as an axis
AX.
[0040] The head unit 4 is provided on the X-ray emission side of
the vacuum housing 10 as a wall defining the internal space R. The
head unit 4 includes the main body 11 and the upper cover 12 made
of a metal material (e.g., stainless steel). The head unit 4
potentially corresponds to the anode of the X-ray tube 1. The main
body 11 has a cylindrical shape. The main body 11 potentially
corresponds to the anode of the X-ray tube 1. The main body 11 has
a substantially cylindrical shape coaxial with the axis AX, and has
openings at both ends. The upper cover 12 is fixed to an opening 11
a at one end of the main body 11 on the X-ray emission side. The
main body 11 communicates with the insulating valve 2 coaxial with
the axis AX at an opening at the other end on the electron gun 110
side (see FIG. 2). A recess constituting a housing space I for
housing the shift mechanism 50 is formed in a part of the wall
surface of the main body 11. A radially inner and upper side of the
housing space I communicates with the internal space R via a
communication hole 11b. A pin 51 described below, which is a pin of
the shift mechanism 50, is inserted into the communication hole
11b.
[0041] The upper cover 12 is provided in such a manner as to close
the opening 11 a at one end on the X-ray emission side of the main
body 11 in a state that the upper cover 12 is electrically
connected with the main body 11. The upper cover 12 has a disk
shape coaxial with the axis AX. A recess 13 which has a circular
cross section concentric with the upper cover 12 is formed in an
upper surface of the upper cover 12. An opening 14 which has a
circular cross section concentric with the upper cover 12 is formed
in a bottom surface of the recess 13, and constitutes an X-ray
passage hole coaxial with the axis AX.
[0042] The vacuum housing 10 further includes a support base
(elastic member support unit) 15. The support base 15 has a disk
shape disposed coaxially with the axis AX. The support base 15 is
disposed in parallel to the upper cover 12 with a predetermined
clearance left from the upper cover 12 in such a manner as to
separate a space containing the target T (target unit 20) and a
space containing the electron gun 110 in the internal space R. The
support base 15 is installed on the lower side of the target unit
20 (electron gun 110 side opposite to X-ray emission window 30
side). The target unit 20 is placed on the support base 15 via the
elastic member 40. The support base 15 supports the target unit 20
via the elastic member 40. The support base 15 includes an electron
beam passage hole 16 which is a through hole having a circular
cross section and coaxial with the axis AX, i.e., concentric with
the support base 15. The electron beam passage hole 16 is a hole
through which the electron beam B traveling toward the target T
passes. The space containing the target T (target unit 20) and the
space containing the electron gun 110 communicate with each other
via at least the electron beam passage hole 16.
[0043] The target unit 20 is disposed in the internal space R. The
target unit 20 includes the target T, a target shift plate (target
holding unit) 21, and a target support substrate (target support
unit) 23. The target T generates an X-ray by receiving the electron
beam B. For example, the target T is constituted by tungsten. As
described below, the target T is provided in a film shape at least
on the lower surface of the target support substrate 23.
[0044] The target shift plate 21 holds the target T and the target
support substrate 23. The target shift plate 21 shifts the target T
in a shift direction A which is a predetermined direction crossing
an incidence direction (application direction) of the electron beam
B. The shift direction A herein is one direction crossing the
incidence direction of the electron beam B into the target T, i.e.,
the axis BA (axis AX) at right angles, and also is a radial
direction of the vacuum housing 10. The target shift plate 21 has a
disk shape having a center axis extending in a direction along the
axis BA (axis AX). The target shift plate 21 is shifted by the
shift mechanism 50 such that the center axis moves in parallel to
the shift direction A. The target shift plate 21 is made of a
material having heat conductivity higher than a certain value, a
coefficient of heat expansion close to that coefficient of the
target support substrate 23, and less damaged or producing less
foreign matters by friction than the target support substrate 23.
For example, the target shift plate 21 is made of molybdenum. The
target shift plate 21 is in contact with an inner wall surface of
the upper cover 12, and is disposed in parallel to the upper cover
12.
[0045] A circular protrusion 24 coaxial with the target shift plate
21 is formed on an upper surface of the target shift plate 21. The
circular protrusion 24 enters the opening 14 of the upper cover 12
in a state of contact between the target shift plate 21 and the
upper cover 12. The circular protrusion 24 has an outer diameter
smaller than an inner diameter of the opening 14. More
specifically, the circular protrusion 24 has an eternal shape
capable of shifting for a predetermined distance in the shift
direction A within a separation space R2 described below and
defined by the opening 14. The circular protrusion 24 includes a
through hole 25 having a circular cross section and concentric with
the target shift plate 21. The through hole 25 is an electron beam
passage hole through which the electron beam B traveling toward the
target T passes. The target shift plate 21 has a hole 27 into which
the pin 51 of the shift mechanism 50 is inserted. The hole 27 is
framed on one side in the shift direction A. The target shift plate
21 is connected to the shift mechanism 50 via the hole 27.
[0046] As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the target support substrate 23
supports the target T. The target support substrate 23 constitutes
a first X-ray transmission window through which an X-ray generated
by the target T is transmitted. The target support substrate 23 has
a disk shape. For example, the target support substrate 23 is made
of a material having high X-ray transparency, such as diamond and
beryllium. An outer diameter of the target support substrate 23 may
be equivalent to an outer diameter of the circular protrusion 24 of
the target shift plate 21. The outer diameter of the target support
substrate 23 may be slightly larger or smaller than the outer
diameter of the circular protrusion 24. The target support
substrate 23 is provided, via a seal member 28 having an annular
shape, on the circular protrusion 24 in such a manner as to close
the through hole 25. The seal member 28 joins the target shift
plate 21 and the target support substrate 23. For example, the seal
member 28 is made of aluminum. The target support substrate 23 and
the seal member 28 are disposed coaxially with the target shift
plate 21.
[0047] As shown in FIG. 4, the target T is formed in a film shape
on a lower surface of the target support substrate 23.
Specifically, the target T is formed in a film shape by vapor
deposition in a region including the lower surface of the target
support substrate 23, an inner surface of the through hole 25 of
the target shift plate 21, and a lower surface of the target shift
plate 21.
[0048] The X-ray emission window 30 is provided on the upper cover
12 of the vacuum housing 10 in such a position as to face the
target support substrate 23. The X-ray emission window 30 is
separated from the target support substrate 23. The X-ray emission
window 30 is kept in such a size and a shape as to contain an X-ray
emission portion of the target support substrate 23 as viewed
coaxially with the axis AX (i.e., as viewed from above or as viewed
in a direction facing the X-ray emission window 30 from outside).
The X-ray emission window 30 constitutes a second X-ray
transmission window through which an X-ray transmitted through the
target support substrate 23 is transmitted. The X-ray emission
window 30 has a disk shape. For example, the X-ray emission window
30 is made of a material having high X-ray transparency, such as
beryllium and diamond. The X-ray emission window 30 is disposed
coaxially with the axis AX on the bottom surface of the recess 13
of the upper cover 12. The X-ray emission window 30 seals the
opening 14 of the vacuum housing 10. Specifically, the X-ray
emission window 30 seals and holds, in a vacuum state, the opening
14 at an X-ray emission portion facing the target unit 20.
[0049] The elastic member 40 presses the target unit 20 in such a
direction as to approach the X-ray emission window 30. For example,
the elastic member 40 is constituted by a substantially conical
coil spring coaxial with the target shift plate 21. The elastic
member 40 is made of metal. For example, the elastic member 40 is
made of nickel chromium alloy. The elastic member 40 presses the
target unit 20 in such a manner as to bring the target unit 20 into
contact with the lower surface (inner wall surface of vacuum
housing 10) of the upper cover 12.
[0050] The elastic member 40 is interposed between the target shift
plate 21 and the support base 15. Specifically, the elastic member
40 is disposed between the target shift plate 21 and the support
base 15 while compressing a substantially conical shape of the coil
spring and deforming the conical shape into a substantially conical
shape having a side surface less inclined. The elastic member 40
presses the lower surface of the target shift plate 21 toward the
X-ray emission side with respect to the upper surface of the
support base 15. For example, a spring constant of the elastic
member 40, which is a conical coil spring, is in a range from 0.01
N/mm to 1 N/mm, and more specifically, 0.05 N/mm to 0.5 N/mm.
[0051] The shift mechanism 50 is a mechanism for shifting the
target unit 20, which has been pressed by the elastic member 40, in
the shift direction A. The shift mechanism 50 shifts the target
unit 20 using a screw. The shift mechanism 50 has the pin 51, a
crown 52, a screwing mechanism 53 and bellows 54.
[0052] The pin 51 is inserted from the housing space I of the main
body 11 into the hole 27 of the target shift plate 21 through the
communication hole 11b of the main body 11. The pin 51 advances and
retreats (moves forward and backward) in the shift direction A. The
communication hole 11b has a circular cross section having a
diameter equal to or larger than a moving range of the pin 51. The
crown 52 is a knob for operating the shift mechanism 50, and is
disposed outside the housing space I. The screwing mechanism 53 is
a mechanism which converts rotation of the crown 52 into linear
movement of the pin 51. The bellows 54 are provided within the
housing space I. The bellows 54 seal and hold the housing space I
in a vacuum state, and expand and contract along with movement of
the pin 51 while maintaining the vacuum state the housing space I.
The bellows 54 are made of metal, and reduce gas release from the
bellows 54.
[0053] According to the present embodiment, at least one of the
upper surface of the target shift plate 21 (region contacting upper
cover 12) and the lower surface of the upper cover 12 (region
contacting target shift plate 21) is a rough surface portion having
higher surface roughness than that of the surface of the target
support substrate 23. In this case, at least one of the upper
surface of the target shift plate 21 and the lower surface of the
upper cover 12 is roughened. The surface roughness of at least one
of the upper surface of the target shift plate 21 and the lower
surface of the upper cover 12 is in a range from Rz 25 to Rz 0.025,
for example, more specifically, in a range from Rz 6.3 to Rz
0.4.
[0054] FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the lower surface side
of the target shift plate. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, an annular
groove (positioning portion) 29 concentric with the target shift
plate 21 is formed in the lower surface of the target shift plate
21. The annular groove 29 has a rectangular cross section in an
axial direction of the annular groove 29. The annular groove 29
accommodates at least a part of the elastic member 40 inside the
annular groove 29. An inner surface of the annular groove 29
includes a bottom surface 29a, a side surface 29b present on an
outer circumferential side, and a side surface 29c present on an
inner circumferential side. The side surface 29b and the side
surface 29c face each other with the bottom surface 29a interposed
between the side surfaces 29b and 29c in the radial direction. The
elastic member 40 is positioned in contact with at least the bottom
surface 29a, and in contact with and fitted to at least one of the
side surface 29b and the side surface 29c. In this manner, the
annular groove 29 positions the elastic member 40 with respect to
the target shift plate 21. According to the present embodiment, the
elastic member 40 is positioned in contact with all of the bottom
surface 29a, the side surface 29b, and the side surface 29c, and in
a state fitted into the annular groove 29. An upper surface of the
support base 15 is a flat surface on which the elastic member 40
can slide in the shift direction A. In this configuration, the
elastic member 40 is slidably held on the upper surface of the
support base 15 between the target unit 20 and the support base 15
so as to be accommodated in the annular groove 29. During a shift
of the target unit 20, the elastic member 40 is accommodated in the
annular groove 29, and slides on the upper surface of the support
base 15 while positioned within the annular groove 29 by contact
with a surface constituting the annular groove 29 to shift in
accordance with the target unit 20.
[0055] The target shift plate 21 has a pair of through holes 26
formed around the circular protrusion 24 with the circular
protrusion 24 interposed between the through holes 26. The pair of
through holes 26, which are disposed on one side and the other side
of the circular protrusion 24 in the shift direction A, penetrate
the target shift plate 21 in a thickness direction. The through
holes 26 communicate with the inside of the separation space R2,
which is defined between the target support substrate 23 and the
X-ray emission window 30 in the internal space R, and with the
outside of the separation space R2. The through holes 26 allow air
in the separation space R2 to flow out of the separation space R2
during vacuum drawing of the inside of the vacuum housing 10.
[0056] The X-ray tube 1 also includes a guide unit 60 which guides
a shift of the target unit 20 shifted by the shift mechanism 50.
The guide unit 60 includes a recess 61 provided in the lower
surface of the target shift plate 21 and elongated in the shift
direction A, and a protrusion 62 provided on the upper surface of
the support base 15 and having a circular shape which surrounds the
electron beam passage hole 16 in such a shape as to be concentric
with the support base 15. The target unit 20 and the support base
15 are separated by an elastic force of the elastic member 40 so as
to be spatially separated from each other without contact between a
lower side surface of the recess 61 and an upper side surface of
the protrusion 62. The recess 61 has a predetermined length in the
shift direction A. The recess 61 is disposed concentrically with
the target shift plate 21 and radially inside the annular groove 29
of the target shift plate 21, and surrounds the through hole 25 and
the pair of through holes 26. A short axis length (length in the
direction perpendicular to the shift direction A) of the recess 61
is substantially equal to a diameter of the protrusion 62, while a
long axis length of the recess 61 (predetermined length in the
shift direction A) is larger than the diameter of the protrusion
62. More specifically, the recess 61 has a shape substantially
equal to a shape obtained by projecting a locus produced when the
protrusion 62 moves for a predetermined distance in the shift
direction A (region through which the protrusion 62 passes). The
protrusion 62 has a circular shape concentric with the support base
15, and protrudes upward. A distal end side of the protrusion 62
enters the recess 61.
[0057] Accordingly, movement of the recess 61, and consequent
movement of the target shift plate 21 (target unit 20) are
permitted in the shift direction A within a range of a
predetermined length in directions crossing the X-ray emission
direction at right angles (protrusion 62 and recess 61 do not
interfere with each other). On the other hand, movement of the
recess 61, and consequent movement of the target shift plate 21
(target unit 20) are regulated in a direction other than the shift
direction A in directions crossing the X-ray emission direction at
right angles (protrusion 62 and recess 61 interfere with each
other).
[0058] According to the X-ray tube 1 configured as described above,
the electron beam B is emitted from the electron gun 110 disposed
in the internal space R, and enters the target T to generate the
X-ray X. The generated X-ray X passes through the target support
substrate 23, and then passes through the X-ray emission window 30.
Thereafter, the X-ray-X is emitted to the outside of the X-ray tube
1, and applied to a test object.
[0059] At this time, the crown 52 of the shift mechanism 50 is
rotated to move the pin 51 in the shift direction A by a screwing
action of the screwing mechanism 53. In this case, as shown in (a)
and (b) of FIG. 4, the target shift plate 21 of the target unit 20
pressed upward by the elastic member 40 is shifted in the shift
direction A while sliding on the inner wall surface of the upper
cover 12. As a result, the target T is shifted in the shift
direction A. Accordingly, an incidence point of the electron beam B
into the target T shifts (changes) in the shift direction A. In
other words, an intersection of the target T and the axis BA (axis
AX) shifts (changes) in the shift direction A of the target T. When
the target T shifts to one side in the shift direction A, the
incidence point of the electron beam B into the target T
(intersection of the incidence point and the axis BA (axis AX) on
the target T) shifts to the other side in the shift direction
A.
[0060] According to the X-ray tube 1 and the X-ray generation
device 100 of the present embodiment described above, the target
unit 20 is pressed by the elastic member 40 in such a direction as
to approach the X-ray emission window 30. As a result, the target T
is brought close to the X-ray emission window 30. Subsequently, the
target unit 20 is shifted by the shift mechanism 50, in which
condition the state of the target T close to the X-ray emission
window 30 is maintained even when the incidence position of the
electron beam B into the target T changes.
[0061] More specifically, the X-ray tube 1 has a double window
structure constituted by the target support substrate 23 and the
X-ray emission window 30 to achieve a shift of the target support
substrate 23 and a consequent shift of the target T. In this case,
the target support substrate 23 is pressed against the X-ray
emission window 30 to reduce the FOD by decreasing the distance
between the target T and the X-ray emission window 30 as much as
possible. Accordingly, a shift of the target is achievable while
reducing the FOD in the present embodiment. Moreover, the X-ray
tube 1 changes the incidence position of the electron beam B into
the target T not by bending the electron beam B with deflection,
but by shifting the target T while fixing the state of incidence of
the electron beam B perpendicularly to the target T. In this case,
a stable focused state of the electron beam B can be maintained.
This stable state is particularly effective when a microfocus X-ray
is required with high stability. Moreover, the focus of the X-ray X
is constantly located at the same position even when the incidence
position of the electron beam B into the target T is shifted.
Accordingly, readjustment relative to an external device such as an
X-ray imaging element is unnecessary. Furthermore, all the axis TA,
the axis XA, and the axis BA are coaxial with each other.
Accordingly, design and manufacture of an X-ray tube having desired
characteristics are facilitated.
[0062] According to the present embodiment, the target unit 20
includes the target shift plate 21. The elastic member 40 presses
the target shift plate 21. This configuration reduces physical
stress caused by the shift of the target unit 20 and the press by
the elastic member 40, and directly applied to the target T and the
target support substrate 23. This configuration reduces an adverse
effect of physical stress on the target T and the target support
substrate 23 which considerably affect generation of X-rays, and
therefore achieves generation of stable X-rays. Moreover, strength
sufficient for physical stress need not be considered in selecting
materials of the target T and the target support substrate 23.
Accordingly, these materials can be selected with emphasis on the
characteristics or heat dissipation of the X-ray generation.
[0063] According to the present embodiment, the elastic member 40
is made of metal. This configuration reduces gas release from the
elastic member 40, and therefore achieves stable generation of
X-rays. At the time of evacuation of the X-ray tube 1, the X-ray
tube 1 may be heated and evacuated to increase the degree of
vacuum. When the elastic member 40 is made of metal, a quality
change of the material, a change of elasticity or the like of the
elastic member 40 as a result of heating can be reduced.
[0064] According to the present embodiment, the annular groove 29
is provided in the lower surface of the target shift plate 21 of
the target unit 20 as a positioning portion for positioning the
elastic member 40. This configuration can position the elastic
member 40, maintain the position of the elastic member 40 at a
fixed position (hold with stabilization of the position), and
reduce a change of the FOD.
[0065] According to the present embodiment, the elastic member 40
is slidably held on the upper surface of the support 15 between the
target unit 20 and the support base 15 so as to be accommodated in
the annular groove 29. This configuration allows sliding of the
target unit 20 on the support base 15 while securely positioning
the elastic member 40 in the annular groove 29 during the shift of
the target unit 20. Accordingly, this configuration can reduce a
change of the pressing direction of the elastic member 40 caused as
a result of the shift of the target unit 20. This configuration
therefore can maintain a fixed positional relationship between the
target unit 20 and the X-ray emission window 30. Moreover, this
configuration can move the elastic member 40 along with the target
unit 20 during the shift of the target unit 20, and thereby
maintain the fixed positional relationship between the elastic
member 40 and the target unit 20. Accordingly, this configuration
can reduce a biased pressing force applied to the target unit 20,
or a change of distribution of the pressing force caused by the
effect of the shift.
[0066] According to the present embodiment, the guide unit 60 is
provided to guide a shift of the target unit 20 shifted by the
shift mechanism 50. This configuration can reduce a shift of the
target unit 20 in an unintended direction. In this case, a shift of
the target unit 20 in a random direction decreases, wherefore the
electron incidence position into the target T is securely
recognizable. Accordingly, use of a portion previously used for
X-ray generation again is avoidable.
[0067] According to the present embodiment, the guide unit 60
includes the recess 61 provided in the target shift plate 21, and
the protrusion 62 provided on the support base 15 and entering the
recess 61. This configuration can guide the shift of the target
unit 20 by using the recess 61 and the protrusion 62. Accordingly,
the configuration of the guide unit 60 can be simplified.
[0068] According to the present embodiment, the elastic member 40
presses the target unit 20 such that the target unit 20 comes into
contact with the lower surface of the upper cover 12. This
configuration can position the target unit 20 on the lower surface
of the upper cover 12, maintain the position of the target unit 20
at a fixed position (holding with stabilization), and reduce a
change of the FOD. Moreover, this configuration can easily conduct
heat of the target unit 20 to the upper cover 12, wherefore heat
dissipation of the target T improves.
[0069] According to the present embodiment, at least one of the
upper surface of the target shift plate 21 and the lower surface of
the upper cover 12 is a rough surface portion having surface
roughness higher than surface roughness of the surface of the
target support substrate 23. This configuration can reduce a
contact area between the target unit 20 and the vacuum housing 10
in contact with each other, thereby reducing resistance caused
during the shift of the target unit 20. For reducing the resistance
during the shift of the target unit 20, it is also preferable that
the contact portion between the target shift plate 21 and the upper
cover 12, i.e., the upper surface of the target shift plate 21 and
the lower surface of the upper cover 12 are made of materials
different from each other. Concerning this respect, the target
shift plate 21 is made of molybdenum, while the upper cover 12 is
made of stainless steel according to the present embodiment. When
surface smooth members are in surface contact with each other under
vacuum, a large force may be required to change a positional
relationship of the respective surface smooth members. This force
may damage the shift mechanism 50 or the target shift plate 21.
However, the rough surface portion thus provided can facilitate the
shift of the target unit 20, and reduce damage of the shift
mechanism 50 or the target shift plate 21.
[0070] According to the present embodiment, the X-ray emission
window 30 is separated from the target support substrate 23. This
configuration can facilitate the shift of the target unit 20, and
reduce a possibility of friction between the X-ray emission window
30 and the target support substrate 23 (possibility of breakage or
generation of foreign matters by friction) caused as a result of
the shift. Moreover, strength sufficient for physical stress need
not be considered in selecting materials of the X-ray emission
window 30 and the target support substrate 23. Accordingly, these
materials can be selected with emphasis on transparency of the
X-ray X or heat dissipation. The X-ray emission window 30 also has
the function for vacuum-sealing, and therefore may be recessed
toward the internal space R side. When the X-ray emission window 30
is in contact with the target support substrate 23, the target
support substrate 23 is also recessed. In this case, the incidence
state of the electron beam B into the target T may change,
wherefore a focal diameter of the generated X-ray X or the FOD may
change, for example. However, by separating the X-ray emission
window 30 from the target support substrate 23, stability of the
generated X-ray X improves.
[0071] According to the present embodiment, the target unit 20
includes the through holes 26 communicating with the inside and the
outside of the separation space R2. This configuration can
efficiently evacuate the separation space R2 using the through
holes 26. When gas such as air remains in the separation space R2
which is a space near the target T heated to have a high
temperature by incidence of the electron beam B, members in the
vicinity of the separation space R2 (e.g., target support substrate
23 or X-ray emission window 30) react with the gas and deteriorate
easily. However, by efficiently evacuating the separation space R2,
remaining gas decreases, and deterioration of the members is
avoidable.
[0072] When the target T is damaged by the electron beam B incident
therein, for example, the shift mechanism 50 shifts the target T to
allow the electron beam B to enter a position of the target T other
than the damaged portion. In this manner, decrease in a dose of
X-rays is avoidable. The X-ray tube 1 is constituted by a
vacuum-sealed X-ray tube. Accordingly, complicated maintenance is
not required. The elastic member 40 and the bellows 54 are made of
metal. This configuration can reduce lowering of the degree of
vacuum in the X-ray tube 1 as a result of gas discharge in
comparison with the elastic member 40 and the bellows 54 made of
resin, and also increase temperature tolerance to cope with a tube
baking process.
[0073] One aspect of the present invention is not limited to the
embodiment described herein.
[0074] According to the above embodiment, the elastic member 40 is
constituted by the coil spring made of metal and having a
substantially conical shape. However, the number, material,
structure, type and the like of the elastic member 40 are not
specifically limited. Various types of member may be employed as
long as the target unit 20 can be pressed in such a direction as to
approach the X-ray emission window 30. For example, the elastic
member 40 may be constituted by a plurality of coil springs, or a
leaf spring. Moreover, the elastic member 40 may be fixed to the
main body 11 or the upper cover 12, unlike the configuration of the
above embodiment in which the support base 15 as an elastic member
support unit is provided.
[0075] According to the above embodiment, the target unit 20 shifts
in the shift direction A. However, the shift direction of the
target unit 20 is not specifically limited. The shift direction may
be any direction crossing the incidence direction of the electron
beam B (up-down direction in FIG. 2). The shift of the target unit
20 is not limited to a linear shift, but may be a rotational shift
as shown in FIG. 7, for example. According to the example shown in
FIG. 7, the protrusion 62 having a circular shape is provided
eccentrically with the axis AX on the support base 15 disposed
coaxially with the axis AX. The electron beam passage hole 16 of
the support base 15 is provided coaxially with the axis AX. On the
other hand, the target unit 20 itself is provided eccentrically to
the axis AX. The recess 61 of the target shift plate 21 of the
target unit 20 is concentric with the target unit 20, and has a
circular shape having an inner diameter slightly larger than the
outer diameter of the protrusion 62. In the state that the
protrusion 62 enters the recess 61, the target unit 20 provided
eccentrically to the axis AX is rotationally movable around an axis
RA which is a center axis of the protrusion 62 and also is a
rotational axis eccentric to the axis AX. The target unit 20 is
rotated by a not-shown shift mechanism (e.g., mechanism which
rotates the target unit 20 using magnetic force or using a gear) to
shift in a direction crossing the incidence direction of the
electron beam B (rotation direction around axis RA). Moreover, the
shift of the target unit 20 is not limited to a linear shift or a
rotational shift, but may be a combination of linear and rotational
shifts.
[0076] According to the above embodiment, all the axis TA, the axis
XA and the axis BA are coaxial with each other. However, the
respective axes TA, XA, and BA may be different axes. According to
the above embodiment, the shift mechanism 50 uses a screw to shift
the target unit 20. However, the shift mechanism 50 is not
specifically limited. Various types of mechanism may be used as
long as the target unit 20 pressed by the elastic member 40 can be
shifted in the shift direction A. The shift mechanism 50 may be a
mechanism for manually shifting the target unit 20, or may be a
mechanism for electrically and automatically shifting the target
unit 20.
[0077] According to the above embodiment, the guide unit 60 is
constituted by the recess 61 and the protrusion 62. However, the
guide unit 60 is not specifically limited, but may be any unit as
long as the shift of the target unit 20 by the shift mechanism 50
can be guided. According to the above embodiment, the annular
groove 29 as the positioning portion of the elastic member 40 is
provided in the target shift plate 21. However, a positioning
portion may be formed in the support base 15 instead of or in
addition to the annular groove 29. In this case, the elastic member
40 may be brought into a state slidably held on the target shift
plate 21, instead of or in addition to the state slidably held on
the upper surface of the support base 15.
[0078] According to the above embodiment, the positioning portion
of the elastic member 40 may limit (regulate) the shift of the
elastic member 40 within a predetermined range, rather than fixing
the elastic member 40. In this case, the elastic member 40 may
slide within the predetermined range of the positioning portion
during the shift of the target unit 20.
[0079] According to the above embodiment, at least one of the upper
surface of the target shift plate 21 and the lower surface of the
upper cover 12 is a rough surface portion. However, other
configurations may be adopted. Only a part of the upper surface of
the target shift plate 21 may be a rough surface, or only a part of
the lower surface of the upper cover 12 may be a rough surface.
Alternatively, at least a combination of these parts may be
adopted.
[0080] According to the above embodiment, the upper surface of the
target shift plate 21 and the lower surface of the upper cover 12
are not particularly surface-treated. However, at least one of the
upper surface of the target shift plate 21 and the lower surface of
the upper cover 12 may be subjected to surface treatment for
preventing easy junction to the other side (e.g., oxidation
treatment or nitridation treatment). According to the above
embodiment, coating is not particularly formed on each of the upper
surface of the target shift plate 21 and the lower surface of the
upper cover 12. However, coating for reducing frictional force
(e.g., metal coating softer than the upper surface of the target
shift plate 21 or the lower surface of the upper cover 12) may be
formed on at least one of the upper surface of the target shift
plate 21 and the lower surface of the upper cover 12. According to
the above embodiment, the upper surface of the target shift plate
21 and the lower surface of the upper cover 12 are in contact with
each other. However, resistance during the shift of the target unit
20 may be reduced by interposing a bearing or a spherical member
between the upper surface of the target shift plate 21 and the
lower surface of the upper cover 12.
[0081] According to the above embodiment, a space is formed between
the support base 15 and the X-ray emission window 30. However, the
space between the support base 15 and the X-ray emission window 30
may be filled with a material having high heat conductivity. In
this case, heat of the target unit 20 can be easily conducted to
the X-ray emission window 30, wherefore heat dissipation of the
target unit 20 improves. In this case, the route of the electron
beam B or the X-ray X is not filled with the material to eliminate
effect on incidence of the electron beam B or emission of the X-ray
X. While the X-ray emission window 30 is separated from the target
support substrate 23 in the above embodiment, the X-ray emission
window 30 may be in contact with the target support substrate 23.
This configuration further reduces the FOD, and dissipates heat
generated at the target T through the X-ray emission window 30.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
[0082] 1 X-ray tube [0083] 10 Vacuum housing [0084] 14 Opening
[0085] 15 Support base (elastic member support unit) [0086] 20
Target unit [0087] 21 Target shift plate (target holding unit)
[0088] 23 Target support substrate (target support unit) [0089] 26
Through hole [0090] 29 Annular groove (positioning portion, groove)
[0091] 30 X-ray emission window [0092] 40 Elastic member [0093] 50
Shift mechanism (target shift unit) [0094] 60 Guide unit [0095] 61
Recess [0096] 62 Protrusion [0097] 70 Cylindrical member [0098] 71
Insulating oil [0099] 80 Power supply portion [0100] B Electron
beam [0101] R Internal space [0102] R2 Separation space [0103] T
Target
* * * * *