U.S. patent application number 16/570265 was filed with the patent office on 2020-01-16 for tissue sampler.
This patent application is currently assigned to SNPSHOT TRUSTEE LIMITED. The applicant listed for this patent is SNPSHOT TRUSTEE LIMITED. Invention is credited to Roy Victor BLADEN, Michael Stuart GARDNER.
Application Number | 20200015793 16/570265 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 52008411 |
Filed Date | 2020-01-16 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200015793 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BLADEN; Roy Victor ; et
al. |
January 16, 2020 |
TISSUE SAMPLER
Abstract
The invention relates to a tissue sampler for taking samples of
tissue from animal's or plants. The tissue sampler is adapted to
hold a storage tube in which a tissue sample is to be placed and to
hold a magazine comprising one or more collecting devices. Each
collecting device comprises a punch for cutting a tissue sampler
and a plunger for pushing the tissue sample into the storage tube.
The magazine can be moved after each tissue sample is taken so that
a fresh collection device is ready to take the next tissue sample.
The invention also relates to a magazine comprising a plurality of
collecting devices for use with the tissue sampler.
Inventors: |
BLADEN; Roy Victor;
(Auckland, NZ) ; GARDNER; Michael Stuart;
(Auckland, NZ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SNPSHOT TRUSTEE LIMITED |
Auckland |
|
NZ |
|
|
Assignee: |
SNPSHOT TRUSTEE LIMITED
|
Family ID: |
52008411 |
Appl. No.: |
16/570265 |
Filed: |
September 13, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14896325 |
Dec 4, 2015 |
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PCT/NZ2014/000106 |
Jun 5, 2014 |
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16570265 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01K 11/003 20130101;
G01N 1/04 20130101; A61B 10/0096 20130101; A61B 10/0233 20130101;
B01L 2300/044 20130101; B01L 2300/0672 20130101; B01L 2300/12
20130101; A61B 2503/40 20130101; B01L 2200/0689 20130101; B01L
2300/042 20130101; A01K 11/002 20130101; A61D 1/00 20130101; B01L
2300/022 20130101; A61B 2010/0208 20130101; B01L 3/5082 20130101;
B01L 2300/06 20130101; A61B 2562/08 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61B 10/02 20060101
A61B010/02; G01N 1/04 20060101 G01N001/04; A61B 10/00 20060101
A61B010/00; B01L 3/00 20060101 B01L003/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 5, 2013 |
NZ |
611547 |
Oct 18, 2013 |
NZ |
616807 |
Claims
1. A tissue sampler comprising: a storage tube holder adapted in
use to accommodate a storage tube for receiving a tissue sample; a
magazine housing adapted in use to accommodate a movable collecting
device magazine having a plurality of chambers, each chamber being
adapted to receive therein a collecting device and being
selectively positionable so as to be aligned with the tube holder;
a cutting region provided between the tube holder and the magazine
housing to accommodate an item from which the tissue sample is to
be taken; actuating means adapted to cause the movement of the
collecting device from its chamber, through the item to cut a
tissue sample from the item, and into a first end of the storage
tube.
2. The tissue sampler of claim 1, wherein the magazine housing
comprises a front wall, a rear wall, and a connecting wall and
wherein a cutting region aperture is formed in the front wall and
extends between the magazine housing and the cutting region, and a
ram receiving aperture is formed in the rear wall and substantially
aligns with the cutting region aperture.
3. The tissue sampler of claim 1, wherein a retractable magazine
locator projects into the magazine housing.
4. The tissue sampler of claim 1, wherein a chamber locator is
provided within the magazine housing and is adapted to engage with
the magazine to align a chamber of the magazine with the cutting
region aperture and the ram receiving aperture.
5. The tissue sampler of claim 1, wherein the storage tube holder
comprises a front wall and a rear wall and wherein a sample
receiving aperture is provided in the rear wall and connects to the
cutting region.
6. The tissue sampler of claim 5, wherein the sample receiving
aperture is dimensioned to receive a portion of the storage tube
therein.
7. The tissue sampler of claim 1, further comprising the collecting
device magazine having a centrally located bore, wherein the
plurality of chambers are evenly spaced around the bore, and
wherein a collecting device is held within one or more of the
chambers.
8. The tissue sampler of claim 1, wherein the collecting device
comprises a punch and a plunger, the punch having a centrally
located bore, a cutting end and a pushing end, wherein a cutting
element is located at the cutting end of the punch, the cutting
element comprising a wall surrounding the bore and comprising a
cutting edge, wherein a sample holding cavity is formed within the
wall of the cutting element, wherein the plunger comprises a first
end and an opposing second end, and wherein the plunger is located
within the bore of the punch and is able to slide within the bore
of the punch.
9. The tissue sampler of claim 8, wherein the plunger comprises an
RFID tag.
10. The tissue sampler of claim 8, wherein the first end of the
plunger is enlarged.
11. The tissue sampler of claim 8, wherein the first end of the
plunger comprises a non-stick material on its surface.
12. The tissue sampler of claim 1, further comprising a handle
including a gripping member and a trigger pivotably attached to the
gripping member.
13. The tissue sampler of claim 12, wherein the actuation means
comprises the trigger and a ram connected to the trigger by a
linkage, the ram being adapted to slide within a ram housing
connected to the ram receiving aperture upon movement of the
trigger, such that moving the trigger to an engaged position causes
the ram to project from the ram housing and through the cutting
region aperture.
14. The tissue sampler of claim 13, wherein the ram has a first end
and a second end, and wherein a guiding recess is formed in the
first end of the ram for receiving the second end of the plunger of
a collecting device therein.
15. The tissue sampler of claim 14, further comprising a ram
biasing means that biases the ram to a rest position in which the
first end of the ram is substantially held within the ram
housing.
16. The tissue sampler of any one of claim 13, wherein the tissue
sampler comprises a quick release mechanism that is adapted so that
the tissue sampler disengages from an item from which a sample has
been taken when the trigger reaches an engaged position and the
sample has been placed in a storage tube held by the tissue
sampler.
17. The tissue sampler of claim 16, wherein the linkage comprises a
pivoting arm, a pusher, and a connecting arm that connects the
pivoting arm to the pusher, wherein the pivoting arm is pivotably
attached to a first end of the connecting arm at a pivot point that
is off-centre on the pivoting arm to form an over-centre
linkage.
18. The tissue sampler of claim 17 further comprising a striker,
wherein the linkage is attached to the trigger via a linkage
compression spring and wherein the pivoting arm of the linkage is
adapted to push against the striker when the trigger reaches an
engaged position.
19. The tissue sampler of claim 13, wherein the storage tube is
held within the storage tube holder and wherein the storage tube
comprises a tube body having a first end and a closed second end
and further comprising a cap attached to the first end of the tube
body, wherein the cap comprises a seal that extends across the body
of the tube to seal the first end of the tube.
20. The tissue sampler of claim 19, wherein the ram is adapted to
push the collecting device against the cap of the storage tube to
break the seal and to further push the collecting device into the
storage tube to close off the first end of the tube after the
sample has been deposited within the tube.
21. The tissue sampler of claim 20, wherein a tissue chamber is
provided at the closed second end of the storage tube for holding a
tissue sample therein.
22. A collecting device magazine for use with the tissue sampler of
claim 1, wherein the magazine housing comprises a centrally located
bore and a plurality of chambers positioned concentrically around
the bore, each chamber having an open first and an open second end
and being adapted to hold a collecting device therein.
23. The magazine of claim 22, wherein at least a portion of the
chambers of the magazine is substantially transparent.
24. The magazine of claim 22, further comprising chamber locating
means to align a chamber of the magazine with a ram receiving
aperture and a cutting region aperture of the tissue sampler.
25. The magazine of claim 24, wherein the magazine is at least
partially flexible and the chamber locating means comprises a
plurality of evenly spaced recesses adapted to mate with a
projection provided within the magazine housing when a chamber of
the magazine is aligned with the ram receiving aperture and the
cutting region aperture.
26. A method of taking a tissue sample and placing the sample into
a storage tube using the tissue sampler of claim 1, the method
comprising the steps of: (a) positioning a collecting device
magazine within the magazine housing of the tissue sampler, the
collecting device magazine comprising at least one collecting
device within a chamber of the magazine; (b) positioning the
magazine within the magazine housing to align the at least one
collecting device with the ram receiving aperture and with the
cutting region aperture; (c) positioning a storage tube within the
storage tube holder of the tissue sampler; (d) positioning an item
from which a tissue sample is to be taken in the cutting region of
the tissue sampler; and (e) engaging the actuating means to cause
the collecting device to push through the item to cut a tissue
sample and to push into a first end of the storage tube to position
the tissue sample within the storage tube, wherein the collecting
device is then held within the first end of the storage tube to
close of the storage tube.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein steps (a), (b), and (c) can be
carried out in any order.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein the item from which a tissue
sample is taken is an animal's ear.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 14/896,325, filed Dec. 4, 2015, which is a national stage
filing under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 371 of International Application No.
PCT/NZ2014/000106, filed Jun. 5, 2014, which claims priority to New
Zealand Application No. 611547, filed Jun. 5, 2013, and New Zealand
Application No. 616807, filed Oct. 18, 2013. The entire contents of
each of these applications are incorporated herein by
reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to a tissue sampler for taking tissue
samples from animals or plants.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] To improve the tracking of livestock and to facilitate DNA
testing, tissue samples may be collected from animals. A tissue
sample may be taken from an animal at any time and is often taken
at the same time as placing an identification tag on the animal.
The tissue sample is usually cut from an animal using a tissue
sampling device and is placed in a storage container for laboratory
analysis.
[0004] New Zealand patent numbers 593039 and 604083 describe a
tissue sampler in the shape of a clamp and comprising a pair of
jaws that move toward each other to take a tissue sample. A cutting
element is located in one of the jaws and is forced through an
animal's ear, for example, to cut a plug of tissue from the ear as
the jaws are clamped together using a first actuation action. A
plunger is used to push the tissue sample out of the cutting
element and into a storage tube held by the other jaw of the tissue
sampler. The storage tube has a closed end and an opposing capped
end. The capped end of the tube comprises an aperture through which
the tissue sample is pushed by the plunger. The plunger remains in
the aperture of the storage tube cap to seal the tube before the
tube is removed from the device and taken away for analysis.
[0005] After the storage tube is removed, the cutting element needs
to be removed from the sampler because the a different cutting
element needs to be used for each tissue sample to prevent
contamination of the tissue sample. The cutting element can be
automatically ejected through a second actuation action of the
sampler. The cutting element is then discarded onto the ground or
into a refuse container. The cutting elements are sharp and so
handling the cutting element carries a risk of being cut.
Discarding the cutting element on the ground also carries this
risk.
[0006] After the cutting element has been removed, a new cutting
element, plunger, and storage tube need to be added to the tissue
sampler before another tissue sample can be collected. Therefore,
when the tissue sampling device is to be used, it is necessary for
the user to load a new punch into the sampling device, cut a tissue
sample, and to then remove the used punch before loading the next
new punch into the device. The loading and unloading of punches is
done manually and is a slow and fiddly process.
[0007] When the storage tube is removed for analysis, it is
necessary for the cap of the storage tube (containing the plunger)
to be removed before the tissue sample can be extracted. Because of
the design of the tube and cap, each cap needs to be removed
individually in the laboratory, which is a time consuming and
therefore costly process.
[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide: (a) a
tissue sampler that goes at least some way toward overcoming the
disadvantages of known tissue samplers (b) a collecting means that
goes at least some way toward overcoming the disadvantages of known
collecting means; or (c) a useful alternative to known tissue
sampling devices and methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] In a first aspect the invention provides a tissue sampler
comprising: a storage tube holder adapted in use to accommodate a
storage tube for receiving a tissue sample; a magazine housing
adapted in use to accommodate a movable collecting device magazine
having a plurality of chambers, each chamber being adapted to
receive therein a collecting device and being selectively
positionable so as to be aligned with the tube holder; a cutting
region provided between the tube holder and the magazine housing to
accommodate an item from which the tissue sample is to be taken;
and actuating means adapted to cause the movement of the collecting
device from its chamber, through the item to cut a tissue sample
from the item, and into a first end of the storage tube.
[0010] Preferably, the magazine housing comprises a front wall, a
rear wall, and a connecting wall and wherein a cutting region
aperture is formed in the front wall and extends between the
magazine housing and the cutting region, and a ram receiving
aperture is formed in the rear wall and substantially aligns with
the cutting region aperture. The tissue sampler may also comprise a
retractable magazine locator that projects into the magazine
housing. Preferably, a chamber locator is provided within the
magazine housing and is adapted to engage with a magazine to align
a chamber of the magazine with the cutting region aperture and the
ram receiving aperture.
[0011] Preferably, the storage tube holder comprises a front wall
and a rear wall and wherein a sample receiving aperture is provided
in the rear wall and connects to the cutting region. The sample
receiving aperture is preferably dimensioned to receive a portion
of a storage tube therein.
[0012] Preferably, the tissue sampler comprises a collecting device
magazine comprising a centrally located bore and a plurality of
chambers evenly spaced around the bore, wherein a collecting device
is held within one or more of the chambers.
[0013] Preferably, the collecting device comprises a punch and a
plunger, the punch having a centrally located bore, a cutting end
and a pushing end, wherein a cutting element is located at the
cutting end of the punch, the cutting element comprising a wall
surrounding the bore and comprising a cutting edge, wherein a
sample holding cavity is formed within the wall of the cutting
element, wherein the plunger comprises a first end and an opposing
second end, and wherein the plunger is located within the bore of
the punch and is able to slide within the bore of the punch.
Optionally, the plunger comprises an RFID tag. Preferably, the
first end of the plunger is enlarged. Preferably, the first end of
the plunger comprises a non-stick material on its surface.
[0014] The tissue sampler of the invention may also comprise a
handle comprising a gripping member and a trigger pivotably
attached to the gripping member. Preferably, the actuation means
comprises the trigger and a ram connected to the trigger by a
linkage, the ram being adapted to slide within a ram housing
connected to the ram receiving aperture upon movement of the
trigger, such that moving the trigger to an engaged position causes
the ram to project from the ram housing and through the cutting
region aperture. Preferably, the ram has a first end and a second
end, and wherein a guiding recess is formed in the first end of the
ram for receiving the second end of the plunger of a collecting
device therein. The tissue sampler may also comprise a ram biasing
means that biases the ram to a rest position in which the first end
of the ram is substantially held within the ram housing.
[0015] Preferably, the tissue sampler comprises a quick release
mechanism that is adapted so that the tissue sampler disengages
from an item from which a sample has been taken when the trigger
reaches an engaged position and the sample has been placed in a
storage tube held by the tissue sampler. In this embodiment, the
linkage may comprise a pivoting arm, a pusher, and a connecting arm
that connects the pivoting arm to the pusher, and the pivoting arm
may be pivotably attached to a first end of the connecting arm at a
pivot point that is off-centre on the pivoting arm to form an
over-centre linkage.
[0016] Preferably, the tissue sampler also comprises a striker and
the linkage is attached to the trigger via a linkage compression
spring. The pivoting arm of the linkage is adapted to push against
the striker when the trigger reaches an engaged position.
[0017] Preferably, a storage tube is held within the storage tube
holder, wherein the storage tube comprises a tube body having a
first end and a closed second end and further comprising a cap
attached to the first end of the tube body, and wherein the cap
comprises a seal that extends across the body of the tube to seal
the first end of the tube. More preferably, the seal is in the form
of a membrane.
[0018] Preferably, the ram is adapted to push the collecting device
against the cap of the storage tube to break the seal and to
further push the collecting device into the storage tube to close
off the first end of the tube after the sample has been deposited
within the tube. Optionally, a tissue chamber is provided at the
closed second end of the storage tube for holding a tissue sample
therein.
[0019] In another aspect, the invention relates to a collecting
device magazine for use with the tissue sampler of the first aspect
of the invention, wherein the magazine housing comprises a
centrally located bore and a plurality of chambers positioned
concentrically around the bore, each chamber having an open first
and an open second end and being adapted to hold a collecting
device therein. Preferably, at least a portion of the chambers of
the magazine is substantially transparent.
[0020] Preferably, the collecting device magazine comprises chamber
locating means to align a chamber of the magazine with a ram
receiving aperture and a cutting region aperture of the tissue
sampler. Preferably, the magazine is at least partially flexible
and the chamber locating means comprises a plurality of evenly
spaced recesses adapted to mate with a projection provided within
the magazine housing when a chamber of the magazine is aligned with
the ram receiving aperture and the cutting region aperture.
[0021] In another aspect, the invention provides a method of taking
a tissue sample and placing the sample into a storage tube using
the tissue sampler of the first aspect of the invention, the method
comprising the steps of: (a) positioning a collecting device
magazine within the magazine housing of the tissue sampler, the
collecting device magazine comprising at least one collecting
device within a chamber of the magazine; (b) positioning the
magazine within the magazine housing to align the at least one
collecting device with the ram receiving aperture and with the
cutting region aperture; (c) positioning a storage tube within the
storage tube holder of the tissue sampler; (d) positioning an item
from which a tissue sample is to be taken in the cutting region of
the tissue sampler; and (e) engaging the actuating means to cause
the collecting device to push through the item to cut a tissue
sample and to push into a first end of the storage tube to position
the tissue sample within the storage tube, wherein the collecting
device is then held within the first end of the storage tube to
close of the storage tube. Steps (a), (b), and (c) can be carried
out in any order. Preferably, the item from which a tissue sample
is taken is an animal's ear.
[0022] According to yet another aspect of the present invention
there is provided a tissue sampler including: a tube holder adapted
in use to accommodate a storage tube for receiving a tissue sample;
a magazine housing adapted in use to accommodate a movable magazine
having a plurality of chambers, each chamber adapted to receive
therein a punch and being selectively positionable to align with
the tube holder and so that, in use, a punch, having obtained a
tissue sample, can be received within an open end of a storage tube
positioned in the tube holder; a cutting region provided between
the tube holder and the magazine housing to accommodate an item
from which the tissue sample is to be taken; and actuating means
adapted to cause the movement of the punch from its chamber, and
through the item, so that the punch and the sample are caused to
enter the open end of the tube. Preferably, a plunger is adapted to
move relative to the punch so that the sample can be pushed into
the tube. Preferably, the plunger and the punch act to close off
the open end of the tube after the sample has been deposited within
the tube.
[0023] As used in this specification, the words "comprises",
"comprising", and similar words, are not to be interpreted in an
exclusive or exhaustive sense. In other words, they are intended to
mean "including, but not limited to".
[0024] Any reference to prior art documents in this specification
is not to be considered an admission that such prior art is widely
known or forms part of the common general knowledge in the
field.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Preferred forms of the invention will now be described by
way of example only and with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
[0026] FIG. 1a is a top view of one form of tissue sampler
according to the invention;
[0027] FIG. 1b is a front view of the tissue sampler of FIG.
1a;
[0028] FIG. 1c is a cross-sectional side view of the tissue sampler
taken along line A-A of FIG. 1a;
[0029] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the tissue sampler of FIG.
1a with a collecting device magazine about to be placed into the
magazine housing of the tissue sampler;
[0030] FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the tissue sampler
shown in FIG. 2;
[0031] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a collecting device magazine
according to one aspect of the invention;
[0032] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of one form of tissue
sampler according to the invention in which the magazine locator is
retracted;
[0033] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of the tissue sampler
of FIG. 1a in which a collecting device in a chamber of a magazine
housing is in the active position;
[0034] FIG. 7a is an exploded view of one form collecting device
according to the invention;
[0035] FIG. 7b is a side view of one form of collecting device;
[0036] FIG. 7c is a cross-sectional side view of the collecting
device taken along line A-A of FIG. 7b;
[0037] FIG. 7d is an end view of the collecting device of FIG.
7b;
[0038] FIG. 7e is a perspective view of another form of collecting
device according to the invention;
[0039] FIG. 7f is a cross-sectional side view of the collecting
device of FIG. 7e;
[0040] FIG. 8a is a perspective view of one form of punch for a
collecting device according to the invention;
[0041] FIG. 8b is a side view of the punch of FIG. 8a;
[0042] FIG. 8c is an end view showing the pushing end of the punch
of FIG. 8a;
[0043] FIG. 8d is a side view of the punch taken along line A-A of
FIG. 8c;
[0044] FIG. 8e is an end view showing the cutting end of the punch
of FIG. 8a;
[0045] FIG. 9a is a perspective view of one form of storage tube
body according to the invention;
[0046] FIG. 9b is a side view of the tube body of FIG. 9a;
[0047] FIG. 9c is a cross-sectional side view of the tube body
taken along line A-A of FIG. 9a;
[0048] FIG. 9d is an end view of the closed second end of the tube
body of FIG. 9a;
[0049] FIG. 9e is a perspective view of one form of cap for a
storage tube according to the invention;
[0050] FIG. 9f is another perspective view of the cap of FIG.
9e;
[0051] FIG. 9g is a side view of the cap of FIG. 9e;
[0052] FIG. 9h is a cross-sectional side view of the cap of FIG.
19e;
[0053] FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of one form of
collecting device of the invention before being inserted into a
storage tube;
[0054] FIG. 11 is a side view of one form of tissue sampler
according to the invention in which a storage tube is about to be
placed into the tissue sampler;
[0055] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional side view of the tissue sampler
of FIG. 11 in which an animal's ear is located in the cutting
region;
[0056] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional side view of the tissue sampler
of FIG. 12 in which a tissue sample has been cut from the animal's
ear;
[0057] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional side view of the tissue sampler
of FIG. 13 in which the animal's ear is removed from the cutting
region and the collecting device plugs the first end of the storage
tube;
[0058] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional side view of the tissue sampler
of FIG. 14 in which the ram has been retracted through an empty
chamber of the collecting device magazine and is returned to its
rest position;
[0059] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional side view of the tissue sampler
of FIG. 15 in which the storage tube containing a tissue sample and
collecting device is being removed from the sampler;
[0060] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional side view of the tissue sampler
of FIG. 16 in which the collecting device magazine is about to be
removed from the tissue sampler;
[0061] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional side view of one form of
collecting device according to the invention before taking a tissue
sample from an animal's ear and placing it into a storage tube;
[0062] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional side view of the collecting
device of FIG. 18 when cutting a tissue sample from the animal's
ear;
[0063] FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional side view of the collecting
device of FIG. 19 after a tissue sample has been cut;
[0064] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional side view of the collecting
device of FIG. 20 pressing against a seal in the cap of the storage
tube according to one aspect of the invention;
[0065] FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional side view of the collecting
device of FIG. 21 after the seal has been broken;
[0066] FIG. 23a is a cross-sectional side view of the collecting
device of FIG. 22 in which the collecting device is plugging the
first end of the storage tube;
[0067] FIG. 23b is an end view of the collecting device within the
cap of the storage tube;
[0068] FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a plurality of collection
devices held within a multi-cell tray;
[0069] FIG. 25a is a perspective view of a storage tube in which
the plunger of a collecting device held in the cap of the tube has
been depressed;
[0070] FIG. 25b is an end view of the first end of the storage tube
of FIG. 25a in which the collection device is held;
[0071] FIG. 25c is a cross-sectional side view of the storage tube
of FIG. 25a in which the tissue sample has been released from the
collecting device;
[0072] FIG. 25d is a side view of the storage tube of FIG. 25a;
[0073] FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional side view of the storage tube
of FIG. 25a in which the tissue sample is held in the tissue
chamber of the tube;
[0074] FIG. 27 is a schematic perspective view showing a plurality
of storage tubes being decapped simultaneously;
[0075] FIG. 28a is top view of the decapped storage tubes of FIG.
27;
[0076] FIG. 28b is a cross-sectional side view of the storage tubes
taken along line A-A of FIG. 28a; and
[0077] FIG. 28c is a cross-sectional side view of a single storage
tube after being decapped.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED FORMS OF THE INVENTION
[0078] The present invention relates to a tissue sampler for
obtaining tissue samples from plants and animals particularly,
including pigs, goats, cattle, sheep, poultry, and fish. The tissue
sampler may be used with or without simultaneous placing of an
identification tag. The invention also relates to collecting device
and to a storage tube cap for use when collecting a tissue sample
for later analysis. In addition, the invention relates to a method
of taking a tissue sample and to a method of ejecting a tissue
sample from a collecting device.
[0079] The tissue sampler of the invention is adapted to hold a
rotatable magazine comprising a plurality of collecting devices.
Each collecting device comprises a punch having a cutting element
for cutting a sample from tissue (such as animal tissue or plant
material for example). Each collecting device also comprises a
plunger that pushes the sample into a storage tube held by the
tissue sampler by movement of an actuating means. After a tissue
sample is taken, the magazine can be rotated to bring another
collecting device into position for taking another sample, so that
sequential tissue samples can be taken efficiently.
[0080] In one form, as shown in FIGS. 1a to 1c, the tissue sampler
1 comprises a body 100 having a magazine housing 200, a storage
tube holder 300, and a cutting region 400. The cutting region is
located between the magazine housing and storage tube holder.
[0081] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the magazine housing 200 is
adapted to hold a collecting device magazine 240, for holding a
plurality of collecting devices 250 therein. The magazine housing
200 comprises a front wall 210, a rear wall 220, and at least one
connecting wall 230 that extends between the front and rear walls.
In one form, the connecting wall 230 is a curved wall located at
the bottom of the magazine housing to form a cradle for a
substantially cylindrical collecting device magazine to be held
within the magazine housing. In this form, at least a portion of
the sides and top of the holder are open to allow a collecting
device magazine to be loaded into the magazine housing and accessed
from above or from the side. However, the magazine housing may be
of any suitable configuration to hold a collecting device magazine
therein. For example, the magazine housing may be substantially
enclosed and comprise a door through which a magazine can be loaded
into the holder.
[0082] The front wall 210 of the magazine housing comprises a
cutting region aperture 211 connecting to the cutting region and
through which a collecting device can be pushed to access the
cutting region located on the other side of the front wall 210 of
the magazine housing. The rear wall 220 of the holder comprises a
ram receiving aperture 221 that aligns with the cutting region
aperture 211 of the front wall. The magazine housing is adapted so
that when a collecting device magazine 240 is placed within the
holder 200, a collecting device can be positioned between the
apertures 211 and 221.
[0083] As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the magazine housing 200 is sized
to receive a magazine 240 comprising a plurality of chambers 241,
each chamber being adapted to hold a collecting device 250 therein
and having open first and second opposing ends 241a, 241b. The
magazine, (see particularly FIG. 4), is preferably in the form of a
cylinder having a centrally located bore 242 that extends along the
length of the magazine. The chambers are positioned concentrically
around the bore and preferably near the circumference of the
magazine. Preferably, at least a portion of the chambers in the
magazine 240 is of a transparent material, so that the presence of
a collecting device in any of the chambers can be identified. In
the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the magazine comprises 25 chambers,
although the magazine may have any suitable number of chambers,
provided that the magazine is sized to fit within the magazine
housing and is adapted to position a plurality of collecting
devices (one after the other) between the apertures 211 and 221, as
described below.
[0084] In one form, as shown in FIGS. 1c and 5, the tissue sampler
comprises a magazine in the form of a spindle 260 or the like that
is partially located within a locator housing 265 and is able to
project into the magazine housing through a locator receiving
aperture 261, located in the front wall 210 of the magazine
housing, that connects the locator housing to the magazine
housing.
[0085] The spindle is connected with a locator release pin 262,
which is adapted to retract the spindle from the magazine housing
so that a magazine can be loaded and unloaded into the holder 200.
A free end of the release pin projects from a front wall 110 of the
body of the tissue sampler and is optionally surrounded in a
material, such as plastic or rubber for example, that makes it
easier for a user to grip the release pin, as shown in FIG. 1c.
[0086] The locator release pin is adapted to be pulled away from
the body to a retracted position, as shown in FIG. 5, in which the
spindle is retracted from the magazine housing so that a used
magazine can be removed from the magazine housing and replaced with
a new magazine. Similarly, when the release pin is returned to its
rest position, the spindle is caused to project through the locator
receiving aperture and into the magazine housing in a locating
position. In the locating position, the spindle 260 is able to
project into with the bore 242 of a magazine held in the magazine
housing 200 to hold the magazine in position within the holder 200.
Preferably, the spindle is biased to the locating position using a
locator biasing means. Any suitable form of biasing means may be
used.
[0087] In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1a and 5, the spindle 260
is biased to the locating position with a locator biasing means in
the form of a compression spring 263. In this form, the locator
release pin 262 is substantially cylindrical and extends from one
end of the spindle. The release pin has a smaller diameter than the
spindle. Optionally, a collar 264 projects from the periphery of
the spindle at the location where the spindle connects to the
release pin. The compression spring 263 surrounds the portion of
the release pin that is located between a front wall 110 of the
tissue sampler body and the collar 264. In the embodiment where the
spindle does not include a collar, the compression spring is
located between the front wall of the body and the shoulder
provided by the end of the spindle that meets with the smaller
diameter release pin. Therefore, one end of the compression spring
abuts the front wall of the body and the other end abuts the
spindle (either the collar or shoulder of the spindle, as the case
may be). In this arrangement, as the locator release pin 262 is
pulled to retract the spindle from the magazine housing, the
collar/shoulder 264 of the spindle moves toward the front wall 110
of the tissue sampler body so that the compression spring 263 is
compressed. As soon as the release pin 262 is released, the
compression spring 263 extends to its natural rest position,
pushing the release pin 262 back toward the front wall 110 of the
tissue sampler body to its rest position and simultaneously pushing
the spindle 260 through the locator receiving aperture 261 and into
the magazine housing 200 to the locating position.
[0088] As shown in FIG. 6, a magazine is positioned within the
magazine housing so that one of the chambers 241 aligns with both
the ram receiving aperture 221 and the cutting region aperture 211.
A collecting device 250 within the aligned chamber 241 will
therefore also align with the apertures 211, 221. When aligned with
these apertures 211, 221, the collecting device 250 is in the
collecting position and will be referred to in this specification
as the active collecting device. A chamber having a collecting
device in the collecting position will be referred to in this
specification as the active chamber.
[0089] The magazine is able to rotate within the magazine housing
so that unused collecting devices can be sequentially moved into
the collecting position. Typically, the magazine is adapted to
rotate incrementally, so that sequential punches can be rotated
into the collecting position one by one, as tissue samples are
sequentially taken. The magazine may be adapted to be rotated
manually or by some mechanical or electrical operator. The magazine
may also involve a ratchet mechanism or the like so that the
magazine can be rotated incrementally to its next position. To help
locate the active chamber to be aligned with apertures 211 and 221,
the magazine and magazine housing may comprise chamber locating
means. For example, the magazine housing may comprise at least one
projection and/or recess for engaging with at least one
corresponding recess and/or projection formed in the magazine. In
the embodiment shown in FIG. 1c, the chamber locating means
comprises a projection 231 formed in the connecting wall of the
magazine housing that engages with a recess 243 formed in the
magazine, as shown in FIG. 4. The projection snap fits into the
recess when a chamber is aligned with the apertures 211 and 221 to
hold the magazine in position. To rotate the magazine to align the
next chamber with apertures 211 and 221, a degree of force is used.
The magazine is formed of a resilient, at least partially flexible
material and is able to flex around the projection 231 as the
magazine is rotated until the projection engages with the next
recess 243 in the magazine.
[0090] In one form, the central bore 242 of the magazine 240 is
substantially cylindrical and the spindle 260 projecting into the
magazine housing 200 is also substantially cylindrical so that the
magazine can be rotated about the spindle by manually turning the
magazine within the magazine housing or by using a mechanical
system to rotate the magazine about the spindle. In another form,
the spindle and the central bore of the magazine are shaped to
engage with each other so that rotation of the spindle causes the
magazine to rotate and vice versa. For example, the spindle may
have a star shaped cross-section and the bore of the magazine may
have a correspondingly star shaped cross-section. In this form, it
is possible to rotate the magazine by rotating the release pin of
the spindle.
[0091] The collecting device to be used with the tissue sampler of
the invention comprises a punch having a cutting element with a
cutting edge 255a for cutting a plug of tissue. The cutting element
extends from and surrounds one end of the bore of the punch at the
cutting end of the punch to form a surrounding wall within which a
sample holding cavity is held. The tissue sample cut by the punch
is then held within the tissue holding cavity. The collecting
device also comprises a plunger that extends through a bore of the
punch to push the plug of sample tissue out of the tissue holding
cavity and into a storage tube held by the tissue sampler. Any
suitable commercially available collecting device may be used with
the tissue sampler of the invention.
[0092] FIGS. 7a to 7e show preferred forms of collecting devices
250 according to another aspect of the invention. The collecting
devices can be used with the tissue sampler 1 of the invention or
with any other suitable tissue sampler. The collecting device of
the invention comprises a punch 251 having a body with a cutting
end 252a and an opposing pushing end 252b and a bore 253 that
extends along the length of the punch between the cutting end and
the pushing end, as shown in FIGS. 8a to 8e. Preferably, the punch
has an elongate body and the bore is centrally located within the
body of the punch. In one form, the outer surface of the body of
the punch comprises guiding means in the form of one or more
projections or recesses to locate the punch within a cap of a
storage tube, as will be described later. In the embodiment shown
in FIGS. 8a to 8d, the guiding means comprise three evenly spaced
ribs 254 that project from the pushing end 252b of the punch.
[0093] A cutting element 255 is provided at the cutting end 252a of
the punch to cut a sample of tissue from a sample specimen, such as
an animal or plant. The cutting element may be attached to the
punch or it may be integral with the punch so that the cutting
element and punch are formed as a single part. The cutting element
255 extends from and surrounds one end of the bore 253 of the punch
at the cutting end of the punch body to form a projecting
surrounding wall or walls. In this way, the cutting element
provides a bore that substantially aligns with the bore formed in
the body of the punch. For the sake of simplicity, the bore 253 of
the punch, when referred to in this specification, should be
interpreted to include the bore formed in the body of the punch and
the bore formed in the cutting element because the two bores are
contiguous.
[0094] A free end of the cutting element projects from the cutting
end of the punch to form a cutting edge 255a. Preferably, the bore
253 of the punch is cylindrical so that the cutting edge is
substantially circular. A sample holding cavity 256 is formed
within the projecting wall(s) of the cutting element.
[0095] A plunger 257 is held within the bore 253 of the punch and
forms part of the collecting device. Optionally, the plunger
comprises an RFID device 259 used to identify the origin of the
tissue sample held by the collecting means, as shown in FIGS. 7a to
7d. The plunger has a first end 258a and an opposing second end
258b. When the plunger is in an active position, ready for the
collecting device to cut a tissue sample, the second end of the
plunger projects from the pushing end of the punch and the first
end of the plunger is held within the bore of the punch between the
sample holding cavity and the pushing end of the punch. The plunger
257 has a slightly smaller diameter to that of the bore 253 of the
punch so that the plunger is able to slide back and forth within
the bore. Preferably, the first end 258a of the plunger is
enlarged.
[0096] The collecting device is adapted to cut a sample of tissue
from a sample specimen, such as an animal or plant, using the
cutting element of the punch, and the sample can temporarily be
held within the sample holding cavity. To release the sample from
the sample holding cavity, the plunger is adapted to be pushed
through the bore of the punch toward the cutting edge and through
the sample holding cavity so that the tissue sample is pushed out
of the cavity.
[0097] Although in a preferred form the punch is substantially
tubular and the plunger is substantially cylindrical, it is
envisaged that the punch and plunger may be of any suitable
complementary shape. For example, the bore of the punch may have a
square cross-section and the plunger may also have a square
cross-section of a slightly smaller size so that the plunger can
slide within the bore of the punch. It should be appreciated that
the cutting edge of the cutting element could also be of any
suitable shape and size to cut a tissue sample that fits within the
storage tube for receiving the sample. For example, the cutting tip
may be square, oval, star shaped or irregularly shaped.
[0098] When a collecting device 250 is positioned within the
magazine housing 200 in the collecting position, the second end of
the plunger aligns with the ram receiving aperture 221 and the
cutting edge 255a of the cutting element 255 aligns with the
cutting region aperture 211, as shown in FIG. 7.
[0099] The tube holder 400 of the tissue sampler is adapted to hold
a storage tube 500 therein. The storage tube may be any
commercially available storage tube that fits within the tube
holder. In one form, as shown in FIGS. 9a to 9d, the storage tube
500 comprises a tube body 510 having an open first end 501a and a
closed second end 501b, which forms the base of the tube, although
it should be appreciated that the tube will not always be oriented
so that the base is at the bottom of the tube.
[0100] Optionally, the base of the tube is flat and unique indicia
502, such as a bar code, QR code, matrix code, or the like is
provided on the base, as shown in FIG. 9d. Alternatively or
additionally, unique indicia is provided along the side of the tube
body. The unique indicia is used to provide information about the
source of the tissue sample that will ultimately be placed within
the tube. In one form, the tube body 510 comprises a tissue chamber
503 at its base to receive a tissue sample. A desiccant or
preservative 505 may be provided in the tissue chamber.
[0101] Preferably, the outer surface of the tube body comprises
anti-rotation means 504 located at or near the base of the tube, as
shown in FIGS. 9a to 9d. The anti-rotation means comprise one or
more recesses and/or projections adapted to prevent the tube from
rotating within a cell of a holding rack, as will be described
later in this specification.
[0102] When a tissue sample is to be taken, a storage tube 500 is
placed in the tube holder 300 so that its first end 501 faces
toward the cutting region 400, as shown in FIG. 6.
[0103] Optionally, the storage tube comprises a cap that attaches
to the open first end of the tube body to seal the tube.
Alternatively, the cap may have an aperture formed therein through
which a tissue sample can be placed in the storage tube. In this
form, the cap is attached to the tube, but does not fully seal the
tube.
[0104] Preferably, the storage tube body comprises a threaded
region at or near its first end that meshes with a threaded region
of the cap to allow the cap to be screwed onto and off the storage
tube. Alternatively, the cap is attached to the open end of the
tube with a snug fit. In yet another form, the cap comprises a lip
on its inner surface that nests within a channel that surrounds the
outer surface of the tube near the open end of the tube. As will be
appreciated, the cap may be attached to the tube in any other
suitable arrangement and these are just some examples that could be
used.
[0105] In one form, as shown in FIGS. 9e to 9h, the storage tube
500 comprises a cap 550 that is screwed onto a threaded region 506
of the tube body 510, as described above. In particular, the cap
comprises a threaded shaft 551 that is adapted to engage with a
threaded interior region 506 of the tube 500 so that a first end of
the shaft projects toward the base 501b of the tube. Alternatively,
the shaft may have a threaded bore that is adapted to engage with a
threaded exterior region of the tube so that a first end of the
shaft projects toward the end of the tube. A collar 552 extends
from the opposing second end of the threaded shaft. The collar 552
comprises an outwardly projecting annular flange 553 and a guide
wall 554 that extends from the periphery of the flange 553 in a
direction away from the shaft 551 to form a substantially
cylindrical wall. Preferably, an outer surface of the guide wall is
contoured or textured to provide a knurled cap.
[0106] A centrally located recess 555 is provided within the collar
552 and between the guide wall. The recess may be specially shaped
for engagement with a correspondingly shaped cap-release tool to
remove the cap from the tube. For example, the recess 555 may have
a tool-engageable edge 559 that provides the recess with a
cruciform shape, star shape, hex shape, square shape, oval shape,
or any other regular or irregular shape that corresponds to the
shape of a tool for inserting into the recess and turning the cap
to unscrew the cap from the tube body. However, it is preferred
that the outer surface of the guide wall is shaped to correspond
with the shape of a tool, or to at least provide a gripping region,
for gripping the outer wall and turning the cap to decap the
storage tube.
[0107] The recess 555 aligns with a bore 556 that is centrally
located within the cap. The cap also comprises a breakable seal
557, which may be in the form of a membrane, or the like, that
extends laterally across the cap. The seal may be formed integrally
with the collar and shaft of the cap so that the entire cap is made
as one part. Preferably, the seal is located at or near a first end
of the shaft, but in other forms, the seal may be located within
the collar of the cap or in any other suitable location. The seal
557 may be of any suitable material, such as polypropylene, rubber,
polyethylene, or the like. When the cap 550 is attached to the body
of a storage tube 510 so that the first end of the shaft projects
into the tube body, the seal 557 extends across the body of the
tube to seal the first end 501a of the tube body. Preferably, the
cap 550 also comprises a second seal 558, such as an o-ring, that
fits over the outside of the threaded shaft 551 and abuts the
collar 552 of the cap. In this form, when the cap is attached to
the body of a storage tube, the second seal is positioned between
the first end 501a of the tube body and the collar 552 of the cap
550 to seal the connection between the cap and the tube. In this
arrangement, the cap can be screwed onto a sterile tube to
hermetically seal the tube. The tube can remain sterile until the
seal is broken and a tissue sample is placed in the storage
tube.
[0108] Preferably, the cap includes a tamper evident closure that
indicates when the seal between the cap and storage tube has been
broken so that the storage tube might no longer be sterile. For
example, connecting tabs may be provided between the collar and an
attachment ring of the cap that is securely attached to the tube.
In this form, if the cap is twisted away from the attachment ring
(such as by unscrewing the cap from the tube), the connecting tabs
break to indicate that the storage tube has been tampered with.
[0109] The storage tube (including cap) is dimensioned to fit
within the tube holder of the tissue sampler, as shown in FIGS. 11
and 12 and to receive a collecting device through the first end of
the storage tube, as indicated in FIG. 10.
[0110] As shown in FIG. 1a to 1c and FIG. 11, the storage tube
holder 300 comprises a front wall 310, a rear wall 320, and a
supporting wall 330 extending between the front and rear walls. The
front, rear and supporting walls are adapted to hold a storage tube
500. Preferably, the supporting wall is a bottom wall and the
front, rear, and bottom walls are adapted to form a cradle within
which a storage tube can be held.
[0111] The rear wall 320 of the tube holder 300 comprises a sample
receiving aperture 321 that connects to the cutting region and
through which a portion of a storage tube can be located. In one
form, when a storage tube 500 is held in the tube holder 300, a
portion of the storage tube (i.e. the open first end of the tube or
the cap, as the case may be) is located within the sample receiving
aperture 321 and the first end 501a of the storage tube projects
slightly into the cutting region to form an anvil against which
tissue is pressed during a cutting operation. In another form, the
storage tube is located between the front and rear walls of the
tube holder and is positioned so that the first end of the tube
aligns with the sample receiving aperture.
[0112] The sample receiving aperture 321 aligns with the cutting
region aperture 211 formed in the front wall of the magazine
housing, as shown in FIGS. 12 to 17.
[0113] As shown in FIGS. 1a to 1c, the cutting region 400 is
positioned between the rear wall 320 of the tube holder 300 and the
front wall 210 of the magazine housing 200. The cutting region 400
comprises a space in which tissue 450 from a sample specimen can be
positioned. In FIGS. 13 to 15, an animal's ear 450 is schematically
shown positioned within the cutting region. The ear, or other item,
is kept in the cutting region as a tissue sample is cut from the
ear.
[0114] A first end of a ram housing 120 connects to the ram
receiving aperture 221 located on the rear wall of the magazine
housing.
[0115] A ram 130 is positioned within the ram housing 120. The ram
forms part of an actuating means, which also comprises a trigger
150 operably connected to the ram 130. In particular, a first end
131a of the ram rests within a first end 121a of the ram housing
and proximate to the ram receiving aperture 221. A guiding recess
132 is formed in the first end of the ram and is shaped to
correspond with the second end 258b of the plunger, which projects
from the punch. The guiding recess 132 is dimensioned so that the
projecting portion of the plunger can fit within the recess and so
that the first end of the ram 121a can abut the pushing end 252b of
the punch. A second end 13 lb of the ram rests within a second end
121b of the ram housing and is operably connected to the trigger
150. The ram 130 is adapted to slide back and forth within the ram
housing 120 as the trigger 150 is engaged and disengaged.
[0116] In one form, as shown in FIGS. 1a to 1c, the second end of
the ram housing comprises an actuator aperture 122 through which an
actuator linkage 170 engages with the ram 130 to connect the ram to
the trigger 150. In one form, the actuator linkage 170 comprises a
pusher 171 that is adapted to push the second end 131b of the ram
toward the magazine housing 200 when the trigger is engaged.
Preferably, the pusher is attached to the second end of the ram, as
shown in FIGS. 1c and 13 to 18. In another form, not shown, the
linkage is attached to the ram to pull the second end of the ram
toward the magazine housing when the trigger is engaged.
[0117] As shown in FIGS. 1c and 12 to 17, the trigger 150 forms
part of the handle of the tissue sampler 1. The handle also
comprises a gripping member 160 having a first end 161a that
extends from the body 100 of the sampler 1. An opposing second end
161b of the gripping member is pivotably attached to a second end
151b of the trigger via a pivot pin 162, as shown in FIG. 1c. In
this arrangement, the trigger can pivot about the second end of the
gripping member as a first end 151a of the trigger moves toward and
away from the first end 161a of the gripping member.
[0118] When the trigger is in a disengaged position, the first end
of the trigger is spaced away from the first end of the gripping
member. Conversely, when the trigger is in an engaged position, the
first end of the trigger is squeezed toward the first end of the
gripping member. In a preferred form, the trigger is biased to the
disengaged position by a trigger biasing member 152, which may be a
spring pin as shown in FIG. 1c, a compression spring, or any other
suitable biasing means.
[0119] A linkage housing 172 is provided at the first end 151a of
the trigger 150. The linkage housing is adapted to house the
linkage 170 that connects the trigger 150 to the ram 130 and to at
least partially surround the ram housing 120 also. In the
embodiment shown in FIGS. 1c and 6, a first end of the linkage
attaches to the linkage housing via a biasing means, preferably in
the form of a linkage compression spring 173, which pushes the
linkage upward toward the ram housing. A second end of the linkage
engages with the ram, as described above. However, in alternative
forms, the first end of the linkage may be attached to the tissue
sampler at any suitable location.
[0120] In one form, the linkage 170 is an over-centre linkage that
comprises a pivoting arm 174, a pusher 171 (as described above),
and a connecting arm 175 that connects the pivoting arm to the
pusher. The pivoting arm 174 is substantially shaped like an
inverted U, one arm of which is pivotably attached to the trigger
housing at a first off-centre pivot point 174a and is also
pivotably attached to a first end of the connecting arm at a second
off-centre pivot point 176. The opposing second end of the
connecting arm is pivotably attached to the pusher a second pivot
point 177. The linkage also comprises a stop 174b that is attached
to the pivoting arm and that pushes against a lower edge of the
connecting arm to lock the linkage in an over-centre rest
position.
[0121] A striker 180 projects from a rear wall 111 of the body of
the tissue sampler and toward the linkage. The striker and linkage
are adapted so that when the trigger reaches the engaged position,
the pivoting arm of the linkage, which has extended toward the body
of the tissue sampler, pushes against the striker, which trips the
linkage so that it automatically returns to its over-centre rest
position.
[0122] In one form, a ram biasing means biases the ram toward a
rest position in which the ram lies substantially within the ram
housing. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1c, the ram biasing means
133 is a compression spring that surrounds the second end of the
ram 130 and is positioned between the pusher 171 and a front wall
123 of the ram housing 120. Preferably, in the rest position, the
spring is merely floating and has no biasing effect until the
actuating means is engaged, at which time the pusher pushes the ram
toward the magazine housing and pushes against the spring to
compress the spring against the front wall of the ram housing. In
another form, an outwardly projecting collar may be provided at or
near the second end of the ram so that the collar compresses the
spring against the front wall of the ram housing when the actuating
means is engaged.
[0123] Because the biasing means biases the ram to its rest
position, when the trigger is in the engaged position, the linkage
is tripped by the striker and the compressed spring 133 pushes
against the pusher 171 or against the collar of the ram, as the
case may be, to return the ram 130 to the rest position within its
housing.
[0124] In particular, as the linkage pushes against the striker,
the pivoting arm 174 is pushed downwards, compressing the linkage
biasing spring 173. Once the pivoting arm moves past a centre line
between pivots 177 and 174a, it becomes over-centre and the ram
biasing spring 133 drives the ram 130 back into its rest position
in the ram housing and simultaneously forces the linkage to the
unlocked position, as shown in FIG. 14, in which the stop 174b no
longer presses against the lower edge of the connecting arm.
Therefore, by releasing the trigger 150 so that the trigger biasing
pin 152 pushes the trigger to the disengaged position, as shown in
FIG. 6, the ram compression spring 133 is decompressed, allowing
the linkage spring 173 to return the linkage back over-centre to
the locked over-centre rest position shown in FIG. 6.
[0125] FIGS. 12 to 17 illustrate the position and/or movement of
the actuating means, the collecting device, and the storage tube as
a tissue sample is taken using the tissue sampler of the invention.
FIGS. 19 to 24 illustrate the position and/or movement of the
collecting device and storage tube of the invention as a tissue
sample is taken.
[0126] The invention also relates to a method of cutting a tissue
sample using the tissue sampler and collecting device of the
invention. To cut a tissue sample, a user inserts a storage tube
500 into the tube holder 300 so that a portion of the storage tube
is pushed into the sampler receiving aperture 321 so that the first
end of the storage tube projects slightly from the sample receiving
aperture 321 and into the cutting region, as shown in FIG. 12. The
locator release pin 262 is pulled to retract the spindle 260 from
the magazine housing 200 and a collecting device magazine 240 is
placed within the magazine housing. The locator release pin 262 is
then returned to its rest position so that the spindle 260 projects
through the bore 242 of the magazine. The magazine 240 is
orientated so that the cutting edge of the punch 251 of the active
collecting device 250 is aligned with the cutting region aperture
211 and the second end of the plunger 257 is aligned with the ram
receiving aperture 221. As will be appreciated, the collecting
device magazine can be placed into the tissue sampler before or
after the storage tube is placed in the tissue sampler.
[0127] The user then holds the handle of the tissue sampler and
positions the sampler so that the tissue 450 to be sampled (such as
an animal's ear) is located in the cutting region 400, as shown in
FIG. 12. The user squeezes the trigger 150 toward the gripping
member 160 to move the trigger from the disengaged position to the
engaged position. As the trigger pivots about the pivot pin 162 so
that the first end of the trigger moves toward the first end of the
gripping member, the linkage 170 is pulled in the same direction,
causing the ram 130 to slide along the ram housing 120 toward the
active collecting device 150.
[0128] The ram moves through the ram receiving aperture and pushes
against the second end of the plunger of the active collecting
device. The ram continues pushing on the plunger to push the
collecting device out of the chamber of the magazine, through the
cutting region aperture, into the cutting region, and toward the
storage tube. The movement of the ram toward the storage tube
compresses the previously floating spring against the front wall of
the ram housing.
[0129] As the ram pushes the collecting device through the cutting
region, the cutting end of the punch pushes the animal's ear (or
other tissue) against the first end of the storage cap and the
first wall of the cutting region. The cutting edge of the punch is
then pushed through the ear or other tissue to cut a sample plug
from the tissue, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 19.
[0130] It is not essential that a collecting device having a punch
and a plunger sliding within a bore of the punch (as described
above) is used with the tissue sampler of the invention. Where the
collecting device is used with a different form of tissue sampler,
the punch of the collecting device may push the tissue/ear directly
against the first end of a storage tube before cutting a sample
plug, as shown in FIGS. 19 to 22. The tissue sample is held within
the sample holding cavity of the collecting device and the
collecting device is pushed into the first end of the storage tube
to place the sample within the tube.
[0131] In particular, and returning to the tissue sampler of the
invention, as the trigger 150 is further squeezed toward the
gripping member 160, the collecting device 250 is pushed further
forward by the ram 130 and through the first end of the storage
tube projecting from the sample receiving aperture 321.
[0132] As shown in FIGS. 15 to 24, where the first end of the
storage tube 500 comprises a cap 550 with a seal 557 as described
above, the collecting device 250 is pushed into the recess 555
formed in the cap. Optionally, the wall of the recess comprises one
or more ribs for engaging with the guiding ribs 254 of the punch to
guide the body of the punch within the cap. As the collecting
device pushes into the cap, the cutting edge 255a of the punch
presses against and then pierces the seal or membrane 557 to form
an opening to the storage tube body. The cutting end of the punch
(holding the plunger therein) is then pushed through the opening so
that the sample holding cavity 256, and the sample 460 held within
the cavity 256, is located within the body of the storage tube 500.
The collecting device fills the opening formed by the broken seal
to close off the first end of the tube. In particular, the diameter
of the punch is sized to fit snugly within the opening formed in
the cap so that the cap is able to hold the collecting device
therein. Preferably, the second end of the plunger projects from
the pushing end of the punch and the first end of the plunger is
located within the bore of the punch between the sample holding
cavity and the pushing end of the punch. In this arrangement, the
plunger can be depressed and pushed through the sample holding
cavity to release the tissue sample into the storage tube, as
described later in this specification.
[0133] In the tissue sampler, the front wall 310 of the tube holder
acts as a stop to hold the storage tube 500 in position as the
punch 251 pushes against the seal 557 of the cap and into the
tube.
[0134] When the collecting device closes off the first end of the
storage tube, the punch and the plunger are held within the cap of
the storage tube so that the cutting element is held within the
tube body. It is therefore not necessary for the user to handle the
punch with its sharp cutting edge or to otherwise remove and
discard the punch from the tissue sampler.
[0135] The tissue sampler is adapted so that, at the point at which
the collecting device seals the storage tube, the trigger 150
reaches its engaged position and the over-centre linkage 170 is
caused to push against the striker 180. The striker and ram biasing
means 133 trip the linkage over centre, as shown in FIGS. 14. When
the linkage returns to its over-centre rest position, the ram
biasing means returns to its floating position and the ram is
retracted back into the ram housing so that the animal's ear (or
other tissue being sampled) can be automatically released. The
trigger can also be released so that the force of the trigger
biasing means 152 pushes the first end of the trigger away from the
gripping member so that the trigger returns to its disengaged
position. In this way, the over-centre linkage and striker provide
a quick release mechanism that automatically activates when the
sample is safely held in the storage tube. Consequently, the action
of cutting the tissue sample, placing the sample in the storage
tube, and releasing the animal's ear is almost instantaneous so
that if the animal reacts to having its ear cut and pulls away,
there is little chance that the animal can pull the tissue sampler
from the user's hand before the ear is released.
[0136] Therefore, the tissue sampler allows for a tissue sample to
be cut and placed in a storage tube, for the punch and plunger to
seal the storage tube, for the animal's ear to be released, and for
the actuating ram to return automatically to its rest position by
squeezing the trigger toward the gripping member in a single
movement until it reaches the engaged position.
[0137] When the linkage 170 returns to its over-centre rest
position and the ram 130 is retracted through the now empty chamber
241 of the magazine and back into the ram housing 120, detritus,
such as hair or flesh left over from the sampling operation, will
be pulled off the ram and taken into the empty chamber, as shown in
FIGS. 15 and 16.
[0138] The storage tube, including the cap holding the collecting
device can then be removed from the tube holder and an unused
replacement storage tube can then be fitted into the tube holder as
described above. The collecting device magazine is rotated
incrementally until the next chamber containing an unused
collecting device is aligned with the ram receiving aperture and
cutting region aperture, ready for another tissue sample to be
taken.
[0139] Once all the collecting devices in the magazine have been
used, the locator release pin can be retracted to retract the
spindle from the central bore of the magazine, against the bias of
the locator compression spring 263 to allow the magazine to be
removed, as indicated by arrow A in FIG. 17.
[0140] Therefore, the invention also relates to a method of taking
a tissue sample using the tissue sampler of the invention. The
method comprises the steps of: (a) positioning a collecting device
magazine within the magazine housing of the tissue sampler, the
collecting device magazine comprising at least one collecting
device within a chamber of the magazine; (b) positioning the
magazine within the magazine housing to align the at least one
collecting device with the ram receiving aperture and with the
cutting region aperture; (c) positioning a storage tube within the
storage tube holder of the tissue sampler; (d) positioning an item
from which a tissue sample is to be taken in the cutting region of
the tissue sampler; and (e) engaging the actuating means to cause
the collecting device to push through the item to cut a tissue
sample and to push into a first end of the storage tube to position
the tissue sample within the storage tube, wherein the collecting
device is then held within the first end of the storage tube to
close off the storage tube. Steps (a), (b), and (c) can be carried
out in any order. Preferably, the tissue sample is taken from an
animal's ear.
[0141] The invention also relates to a method of cutting and
placing a tissue sample within a storage tube, the method
comprising the steps of: providing a collecting device comprising a
punch having a cutting edge and providing a storage tube having a
cap comprising a membrane to seal a first end of the cap; pushing
the cutting edge of the punch through an item from which a tissue
sample is to be taken so that the punch cuts a sample of tissue
from the item and holds the tissue sample within the punch; and
pushing the punch through the membrane to place the tissue sample
within the storage tube, wherein the punch is held within the first
end of the storage tube to close off the first end of the tube. In
a preferred form, the collecting means further comprises a plunger
that slides within a bore of the punch.
[0142] Preferably, the storage tubes removed from the tissue
sampler are placed within respective cells 610 of a multi-cell rack
600, such as a 96 well rack as shown in FIG. 27, before being sent
to a laboratory for decapping and future analysis of the
samples.
[0143] The collecting device is adapted so that the plunger can be
pushed through the bore of the cutting element to release the
tissue sample from the sample holding cavity and into the tissue
chamber at the bottom of the tube. In particular, the second end of
the plunger can be depressed toward the pushing end of the punch to
cause the first end of the plunger to push a tissue sample out of
the sample holding cavity and into the body of the storage tube. To
assist with the release of the tissue sample, the first end of the
plunger may be enlarged and may comprise an anti-stick surface
formed of a non-stick material, such as Teflon.TM.. The plunger may
be depressed and pushed into the sample holding cavity after the
tube has been removed from a tissue sampler.
[0144] Preferably, the tissue sample is held within the sample
holding cavity when the storage tube is removed from the tissue
sampler. The storage tubes may then be placed within respective
cells of a multi-cell rack so that the base of each tube is at the
bottom of the respective cell and the caps of the tubes project
above the cells, as shown in FIG. 24. The diameter or width of the
cells is sized to be commensurate with the diameter or width of the
tubes.
[0145] A machine is typically used to depress the plungers within
the caps of the tubes automatically, either by depressing the
plunger of each tube consecutively or by simultaneously depressing
the plungers of all tubes in the rack. As each plunger is depressed
and pushed through the bore of the punch and through the sample
holding cavity of the cutting element toward the base of the
storage tube, the sample is pushed out of the sample holding cavity
and is deposited into the chamber at the bottom of the tube, as
shown in FIGS. 25a to 25d and FIG. 26.
[0146] Where the outer surface of the body of each tube comprises
anti-rotation means, the tubes are located within the respective
cells of the tube holder so that the anti-rotation means engage
with corresponding anti-rotation means provided within the cells.
For example, one or more projections formed on a tube body will
engage with one or more recesses formed in the walls of the
respective cell. The anti-rotation means of the tubes and cells
prevent the tubes from rotating within the cells so that the tubes
can be automatically decapped by unscrewing the caps from the
tubes.
[0147] To decap the tubes, a cap engaging tool (not shown) engages
with the correspondingly shaped recess of the cap, or to grip onto
the outer surface of the guide wall of the cap, and is rotated in
the appropriate direction to unscrew the cap from the tube.
Typically, a machine is provided in which multiple cap engaging
tools engage with the caps of multiple tubes in a rack to decap the
tubes of the rack simultaneously, as shown in FIGS. 27, 28a to 28c.
Decapping the tubes enables the samples within the tubes to be
accessed and removed from the tubes for analysis.
[0148] Optionally, the base of each storage tube and/or the rack
may be adapted to provide a tube lock feature in which the tube is
locked in place within a respective cell. The tube may locked
within the cell in any suitable arrangement. For example, the
exterior of the tube may be threaded to engage with a threaded
interior of the cell or the tube may be adapted to snugly fit or
snap-fit into a cell of a rack. Once the tube is locked within the
cell, the tube is held in place even if the rack is inverted. By
using this feature, the rack can be inverted to eject the samples
from the tubes.
[0149] Optionally, each cell within the rack comprises an open or
transparent bottom for reading unique indicia located on the base
of each tube held within the rack so that the source of each sample
can be identified and linked with the data obtained from the
sample.
[0150] Although no tagging operation has been described in relation
to the use of the tissue sampler described above, it is envisaged
that a tagging operation could be conducted simultaneously with, or
sequential, to the tissue sampling operation.
[0151] Advantages
[0152] The tissue sampler of the invention enables multiple tissue
samples to be collected efficiently by avoiding the need to load a
fresh punch into the tissue sampler after each sample is collected.
Furthermore, the tissue sampler avoids the need for the user to
handle and/or dispose of used punches. Another advantage offered by
the tissue sampler of the invention is that the quick release
mechanism, provided by the over-centre linkage, actuation rod
compression spring, and striker, makes it less likely that an
animal could react to the cutting operation and pull the tissue
sampler from the user's hand, which causes more stress and
potential damage to the animal and can make it difficult for the
user to retrieve the tissue sampler.
[0153] An advantage of the collecting device of the invention is
that both the punch and plunger are held within the storage tube
after a sample is taken, so it is not necessary for the user to
handle and/or dispose of the used punch. Furthermore, the
collecting device allows for the sample to be held within a sample
holding cavity of the device and to be deliberately ejected from
the cavity and into a storage tube.
[0154] The storage tube of the invention also offers the advantage
that the tube can be hermetically sealed and is optionally tamper
evident.
[0155] Although the invention has been described by way of example,
it should be appreciated that variations and modifications may be
made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined
in the claims. Furthermore, where known equivalents exist to
specific features, such equivalents are incorporated as if
specifically referred in this specification.
* * * * *