U.S. patent application number 15/983417 was filed with the patent office on 2019-11-21 for lubricating oils for wet clutch systems.
The applicant listed for this patent is Chevron Japan Ltd.. Invention is credited to Kyosuke Aoyama, Koichi Kubo, Tsuymoshi Miyamoto, Yoshitaka Takeuchi.
Application Number | 20190352575 15/983417 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 66690896 |
Filed Date | 2019-11-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20190352575 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kubo; Koichi ; et
al. |
November 21, 2019 |
LUBRICATING OILS FOR WET CLUTCH SYSTEMS
Abstract
The present invention generally relates to lubricating oil
compositions useful for vehicles such as industrial machinery,
especially transport, construction, and agricultural machinery.
Also disclosed is a method for maintaining friction in said
vehicles comprising lubricating said vehicles with said lubricating
oil compositions.
Inventors: |
Kubo; Koichi; (Yokohama,
JP) ; Takeuchi; Yoshitaka; (Yoshida-Cho, JP) ;
Aoyama; Kyosuke; (Ikeshinden, JP) ; Miyamoto;
Tsuymoshi; (Shiobarashinden, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Chevron Japan Ltd. |
San Ramon |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
66690896 |
Appl. No.: |
15/983417 |
Filed: |
May 18, 2018 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10N 2040/25 20130101;
C10M 2223/045 20130101; C10N 2040/042 20200501; C10N 2040/045
20200501; C10N 2030/04 20130101; C10M 2203/1006 20130101; C10M
139/00 20130101; C10N 2040/08 20130101; C10N 2030/52 20200501; C10M
2215/064 20130101; C10M 2205/022 20130101; C10N 2030/43 20200501;
C10N 2030/45 20200501; C10M 135/10 20130101; C10M 163/00 20130101;
C10M 2227/06 20130101; C10N 2030/42 20200501; C10N 2010/04
20130101; C10M 171/00 20130101; C10N 2030/06 20130101; C10M 2215/28
20130101; C10M 2207/028 20130101; C10M 2219/046 20130101; C10M
169/048 20130101; C10N 2040/04 20130101; C10M 2205/022 20130101;
C10M 2205/024 20130101; C10M 2223/045 20130101; C10N 2010/04
20130101; C10M 2219/046 20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M
2219/046 20130101; C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M 2215/28 20130101;
C10N 2060/00 20130101; C10N 2060/14 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C10M 135/10 20060101
C10M135/10; C10M 139/00 20060101 C10M139/00 |
Claims
1. An industrial machinery lubricating oil composition comprising:
(a) a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) at least
1000 ppm of calcium from a calcium containing detergent; (c) at
least 800 ppm of Mg from a magnesium containing detergent; (d) less
than 600 ppm of N from a nitrogen containing dispersant; wherein
the lubricating oil composition has a phosphorus content of from
0.06 to 0.15 wt. %, a sulfur content of less than 0.5 wt. % and a
sulfated ash content of from greater than 0.8 wt. % to 2.0 wt. %,
wherein the mass ratio of Ca to Mg is from 1:2 to 4:1, and wherein
said lubricating oil composition lubricates the crankcase of an
internal combustion engine of an industrial machinery and at least
one of a wet clutch, brakes, torque converters, gear systems, hydro
static transmissions and hydraulic systems.
2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the calcium
containing detergent provides at least 1000 ppm to not greater than
4000 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil
composition.
3. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the total
base number (TBN) of the lubricating oil composition is from 8 to
16 mg KOH/g.
4. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the sulfated
ash is from about 0.80 to about 1.60 wt. % as determined by ASTM D
874.
5. (canceled)
6. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the
industrial machinery is a transport, a construction or an
agricultural machinery
7. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the
industrial machinery is equipped with an automatic transmission, or
a continuously variable transmission.
8. A method for maintaining friction in a vehicle comprising
lubricating said vehicle with a lubricating oil composition
comprising: (a) a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity; (b)
at least 1000 ppm of calcium from a calcium containing detergent;
(c) at least 800 ppm of Mg from a magnesium containing detergent;
(d) less than 600 ppm of N from a nitrogen containing dispersant;
wherein the lubricating oil composition has a phosphorus content of
from 0.06 to 0.15 wt. %, a sulfur content of less than 0.5 wt. %
and a sulfated ash content of from greater than 0.8 wt. % to 2.0
wt. %, wherein the mass ratio of Ca to Mg is from 1:2 to 4:1, and
wherein said lubricating oil composition lubricates the crankcase
of an internal combustion engine of said vehicle and at least one
of a wet clutch, brakes, torque converters, gear systems, hydro
static transmissions and hydraulic systems.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the calcium containing detergent
provides at least 1000 ppm to not greater than 4000 ppm by weight
of calcium to the lubricating oil composition.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the vehicle is an industrial
machinery, an automobile, a truck, or other vehicle.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the industrial machinery is a
transport, a construction, or an agricultural machinery.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the vehicle is equipped with an
automatic transmission, or a continuously variable
transmission.
13. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the calcium
containing detergent comprises a calcium sulfonate having a total
base number (TBN) of about 30 to about 100 and the magnesium
containing detergent comprises a highly overbased magnesium
sulfonate detergent having a TBN of 250 to 450.
14. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the
magnesium containing detergent provides at least 800 ppm to not
greater than 4000 ppm by weight of magnesium to the lubricating oil
composition.
15. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the
nitrogen containing dispersant comprises one or more post treated
dispersants.
16. The method of claim 8, wherein the calcium containing detergent
comprises a calcium sulfonate having a TBN of about 30 to about 100
and the magnesium containing detergent comprises a highly overbased
magnesium sulfonate detergent having a TBN of 250 to 450.
17. The method of claim 8, wherein the nitrogen containing
dispersant comprises one or more post treated dispersants.
18. The method of claim 8, wherein said vehicle is an industrial
machinery equipped with a wet-clutch system.
19. The method of claim 8, wherein said vehicle is a motorcycle
equipped with a transmission and wet clutch.
20. A motorcycle lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) a
major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) at least 1000 ppm
of calcium from a calcium containing detergent; (c) at least 800
ppm of Mg from a magnesium containing detergent; (d) less than 600
ppm of N from a nitrogen containing dispersant; wherein the
lubricating oil composition has a phosphorus content of from 0.06
to 0.15 wt. %, a sulfur content of less than 0.5 wt. % and a
sulfated ash content of from greater than 0.8 wt. % to 2.0 wt. %,
wherein the mass ratio of Ca to Mg is from 1:2 to 4:1, and wherein
said motorcycle lubricating oil composition lubricates the
crankcase of an internal combustion engine of a motorcycle and at
least one of a wet clutch and transmission.
21. The motorcycle lubricating oil composition of claim 21, wherein
the calcium containing detergent comprises a calcium sulfonate
having a total base number (TBN) of about 30 to about 100, the
magnesium containing detergent comprises a highly overbased
magnesium sulfonate detergent having a TBN of 250 to 450 and the
nitrogen containing dispersant comprises one or more post treated
dispersants.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention generally relates to lubricating oil
compositions useful for industrial machinery, especially transport,
construction and agricultural machinery.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Lubricating oils for automatic transmissions, called
automatic transmission fluids, have been used conventionally to
assist smooth operation of automatic transmissions which are
installed in automobiles, trucks, construction machinery, and other
vehicles. They include torque converters, gear mechanisms, wet
clutches, and hydraulic systems.
[0003] It is well known that lubricant additives give effects on
the friction properties of wet clutch and steel plates. Additive
effects are caused by both their physical and chemical absorption
on clutch materials, ex. cellulose, aramid (a natural and
synthesized) fibers, silica and steel plate surface.
[0004] Diesel engine oils are widely used for internal combustion
engines, not only automotive heavy duty but also construction
machinery diesel engine systems in Asia, and especially in Japan.
Some construction machines are equipped with wet-clutch systems in
not only the transmission but also the steering, parking brake, and
many systems to control moving and power operating torque. The wet
clutch (static) friction between the clutch material and steel in
lubricant fluids is very important to transmit the engine power
efficiently. In addition, the wet clutch static friction
coefficient depends on wet clutch torque capacity. Engine oils are
widely used for transmission and hydraulic systems in construction
machinery, and their wet clutch systems. It is important to
maintain a higher (static) friction coefficient of wet clutches to
operate safely, and also transmit power efficiently for
construction machineries. If a lubricant gives poor friction
performance, power loss, slow response of machine operation which
can negatively impact safety when operating the machinery, or
uncomfortable vibration with high noise from lock-up of the wet
clutch in the transmission would occur.
[0005] The present invention finds a solution for maintaining
higher static friction coefficient of wet clutches which are not
only important in construction equipment but also motorcycle
lubricants that are equipped with a transmission and wet
clutch.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention,
provided is a lubricating oil composition comprising: [0007] (a) a
major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity, [0008] (b) a calcium
containing detergent, [0009] (c) at least 800 ppm of Mg from a
magnesium containing detergent [0010] (d) less than 600 ppm of N
from a nitrogen containing dispersant; [0011] wherein the
lubricating oil composition has a phosphorus content of from 0.06
to 0.15 wt. %, a sulfur content of less than 0.5 wt. % and a
sulfated ash content of from greater than 0.8 wt. % to 2.0 wt. %,
[0012] wherein the mass ratio of Ca to Mg is from 1:2 to 4:1, and
[0013] wherein said lubricating oil composition lubricates the
crankcase of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle and at
least one of a wet clutch, brakes, torque converters, gear systems,
hydro static transmissions and hydraulic systems.
[0014] In accordance with another embodiment of the present
invention, provided is a method for maintaining friction in a
vehicle comprising lubricating said vehicle with a lubricating oil
composition comprising: [0015] (a) a major amount of oil of
lubricating viscosity, [0016] (b) a calcium containing detergent,
[0017] (c) at least 800 ppm of Mg from a magnesium containing
detergent [0018] (d) less than 600 ppm of N from a nitrogen
containing dispersant; [0019] wherein the lubricating oil
composition has a phosphorus content of from 0.06 to 0.15 wt. %, a
sulfur content of less than 0.5 wt. % and a sulfated ash content of
from greater than 0.8 wt. % to 2.0 wt. %, [0020] wherein the mass
ratio of Ca to Mg is from 1:2 to 4:1, and [0021] wherein said
lubricating oil composition lubricates the crankcase of an internal
combustion engine of said vehicle and at least one of a wet clutch,
brakes, torque converters, gear systems, hydro static transmissions
and hydraulic systems.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0022] To facilitate the understanding of the subject matter
disclosed herein, a number of terms, abbreviations or other
shorthand as used herein are defined below. Any term, abbreviation
or shorthand not defined is understood to have the ordinary meaning
used by a skilled artisan contemporaneous with the submission of
this application.
Definitions
[0023] In this specification, the following words and expressions,
if and when used, have the meanings given below.
[0024] A "major amount" means in excess of 50 weight % of a
composition.
[0025] A "minor amount" means less than 50 weight % of a
composition, expressed in respect of the stated additive and in
respect of the total mass of all the additives present in the
composition, reckoned as active ingredient of the additive or
additives.
[0026] "Active ingredients" or "actives" refers to additive
material that is not diluent or solvent.
[0027] All percentages reported are weight % on an active
ingredient basis (i.e., without regard to carrier or diluent oil)
unless otherwise stated.
[0028] The abbreviation "ppm" means parts per million by weight,
based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
[0029] High temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150.degree.
C. was determined in accordance with ASTM D4683.
[0030] Kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. (KV.sub.100) was
determined in accordance with ASTM D445.
[0031] Metal--The term "metal" refers to alkali metals, alkaline
earth metals, or mixtures thereof.
[0032] Throughout the specification and claims the expression oil
soluble or dispersible is used. By oil soluble or dispersible is
meant that an amount needed to provide the desired level of
activity or performance can be incorporated by being dissolved,
dispersed or suspended in an oil of lubricating viscosity. Usually,
this means that at least about 0.001% by weight of the material can
be incorporated in a lubricating oil composition. For a further
discussion of the terms oil soluble and dispersible, particularly
"stably dispersible", see U.S. Pat. No. 4,320,019 which is
expressly incorporated herein by reference for relevant teachings
in this regard.
[0033] The term "sulfated ash" as used herein refers to the
non-combustible residue resulting from detergents and metallic
additives in lubricating oil. Sulfated ash may be determined using
ASTM Test D874.
[0034] The term "Total Base Number" or "TBN" as used herein refers
to the amount of base equivalent to milligrams of KOH in one gram
of sample. Thus, higher TBN numbers reflect more alkaline products,
and therefore a greater alkalinity. TBN was determined using ASTM D
2896 test.
[0035] Boron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, phosphorus, sulfur,
and zinc contents were determined in accordance with ASTM
D5185.
[0036] Nitrogen content was determined in accordance with ASTM
D4629.
[0037] All ASTM standards referred to herein are the most current
versions as of the filing date of the present application.
[0038] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages are in weight
percent.
[0039] While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications
and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are herein
described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the
description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit
the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the
contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents,
and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the
disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0040] Note that not all of the activities described in the general
description or the examples are required, that a portion of a
specific activity may not be required, and that one or more further
activities may be performed in addition to those described. Still
further, the order in which activities are listed is not
necessarily the order in which they are performed.
[0041] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have
been described herein with regard to specific embodiments. However,
the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature(s)
that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or
become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical,
required, or essential feature of any or all the claims.
[0042] The specification and illustrations of the embodiments
described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of
the structure of the various embodiments.
[0043] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising,"
"includes," "including," "has," "having," or any other variation
thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For
example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a
list of features is not necessarily limited only to those features
but may include other features not expressly listed or other
features that are inherent to such process, method, article, or
apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or"
refers to an inclusive-or and not to an exclusive-or. For example,
a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is
true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or
not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true
(or present).
[0044] The use of "a" or "an" is employed to describe elements and
components described herein. This is done merely for convenience
and to give a general sense of the scope of the embodiments of the
disclosure. This description should be read to include one or at
least one and the singular also includes the plural, or vice versa,
unless it is clear that it is meant otherwise. The term "averaged,"
when referring to a value, is intended to mean an average, a
geometric mean, or a median value. Group numbers corresponding to
columns within the Periodic Table of the elements use the "New
Notation" convention as seen in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 81st Edition (2000-2001).
[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The
materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not
intended to be limiting. To the extent not described herein, many
details regarding specific materials and processing acts are
conventional and may be found in textbooks and other sources within
the lubricants as well as the oil and gas industries.
[0046] The specification and illustrations are not intended to
serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all the
elements and features of formulations, compositions, apparatus and
systems that use the structures or methods described herein.
Separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a
single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are, for
brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also
be provided separately or in any sub-combination. Further,
reference to values stated in ranges includes each and every value
within that range. Many other embodiments may be apparent to
skilled artisans only after reading this specification. Other
embodiments may be used and derived from the disclosure, such that
a structural substitution, logical substitution, or another change
may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
Accordingly, the disclosure is to be regarded as illustrative
rather than restrictive.
[0047] In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention,
provided is a lubricating oil composition comprising: [0048] (a) a
major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity, [0049] (b) a calcium
containing detergent, [0050] (c) at least 800 ppm of Mg from a
magnesium containing detergent [0051] (d) less than 600 ppm of N
from a nitrogen containing dispersant; [0052] wherein the
lubricating oil composition has a phosphorus content of from 0.06
to 0.15 wt. %, a sulfur content of less than 0.5 wt. % and a
sulfated ash content of from greater than 0.8 wt. % to 2.0 wt. %,
[0053] wherein the mass ratio of Ca to Mg is from 1:2 to 4:1, and
[0054] wherein said lubricating oil composition lubricates the
crankcase of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle and at
least one of a wet clutch, brakes, torque converters, gear systems,
hydro static transmissions and hydraulic systems.
[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle is
an industrial machinery, an automobile, a truck, or other vehicle.
In another embodiment the industrial machinery is a transport,
construction, or an agricultural machinery.
[0056] In one embodiment the transport machinery is a bus or truck
equipped with a Diesel Engine and a hydraulic system.
[0057] In one embodiment the construction machinery is equipped
with a Diesel engine, a Hydro Static Transmission (HST), a Power
shift transmission with wet clutches, and a hydraulic system.
[0058] In one embodiment the agricultural machinery is equipped
with a Diesel engine, a Hydro Static Transmission (HST), a Power
shift transmission with wet clutches, and a hydraulic system.
[0059] In another embodiment the vehicle is equipped with an
automatic transmission, or a continuously variable
transmission.
[0060] In another embodiment, provided is a method for maintaining
friction in a vehicle comprising lubricating said vehicle with a
lubricating oil composition comprising: [0061] (a) a major amount
of oil of lubricating viscosity, [0062] (b) a calcium containing
detergent, [0063] (c) at least 800 ppm of Mg from a magnesium
containing detergent [0064] (d) less than 600 ppm of N from a
nitrogen containing dispersant; [0065] wherein the lubricating oil
composition has a phosphorus content of from 0.06 to 0.15 wt. %, a
sulfur content of less than 0.5 wt. % and a sulfated ash content of
from greater than 0.8 wt. % to 2.0 wt. %, [0066] wherein the mass
ratio of Ca to Mg is from 1:2 to 4:1, and [0067] wherein said
lubricating oil composition lubricates the crankcase of an internal
combustion engine of said vehicle and at least one of a wet clutch,
brakes, torque converters, gear systems, hydro static transmissions
and hydraulic systems.
Oil of Lubricating Viscosity/Base Oil Component
[0068] The oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as
"base stock" or "base oil") is the primary liquid constituent of a
lubricant, into which additives and possibly other oils are
blended, for example to produce a final lubricant (or lubricant
composition). A base oil is useful for making concentrates as well
as for making lubricating oil compositions therefrom, and may be
selected from natural and synthetic lubricating oils and
combinations thereof.
[0069] Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils, liquid
petroleum oils and hydrorefined, solvent-treated mineral
lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed
paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived
from coal or shale are also useful base oils.
[0070] Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils such as
polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes,
polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated
polybutylenes, poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes);
alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes,
dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes; polyphenols (e.g.,
biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated
diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the
derivatives, analogues and homologues thereof.
[0071] Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils
comprises the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., malonic acid,
alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, succinic acid, alkyl
succinic acids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, fumaric
acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid,
linoleic acid dimer, phthalic acid) with a variety of alcohols
(e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl
alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene
glycol). Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate,
di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate,
diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl
phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic
acid dimer, and the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of
sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles
of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
[0072] Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from
C.sub.5 to C.sub.12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols, and polyol
ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane,
pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol.
[0073] The base oil may be derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized
hydrocarbons. Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons are made
from synthesis gas containing H.sub.2 and CO using a
Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. Such hydrocarbons typically require
further processing in order to be useful as the base oil. For
example, the hydrocarbons may be hydroisomerized; hydrocracked and
hydroisomerized; dewaxed; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed; using
processes known to those skilled in the art.
[0074] Unrefined, refined and re-refined oils can be used in the
present lubricating oil composition. Unrefined oils are those
obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without
further purification treatment. For example, a shale oil obtained
directly from retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained
directly from distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an
esterification process and used without further treatment would be
unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils
except they have been further treated in one or more purification
steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification
techniques, such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base
extraction, filtration and percolation are known to those skilled
in the art. Re-refined oils are obtained by processes similar to
those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which
have been already used in service. Such re-refined oils are also
known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally
processed by techniques for approval of spent additive and oil
breakdown products.
[0075] Hence, the base oil which may be used to make the present
lubricating oil composition may be selected from any of the base
oils in Groups I-V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute
(API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines (API Publication
1509). Such base oil groups are summarized in Table 1 below:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Base Oil Properties Group.sup.(a)
Saturates.sup.(b), wt. % Sulfur.sup.(c), wt. % Viscosity
Index.sup.(d) Group I <90 and/or >0.03 80 to <120 Group II
.gtoreq.90 .ltoreq.0.03 80 to <120 Group III .gtoreq.90
.ltoreq.0.03 .gtoreq.120 Group IV Polyalphaolefins (PAOs) Group V
All other base stocks not included in Groups I, II, III or IV
.sup.(a)Groups I-III are mineral oil base stocks.
.sup.(b)Determined in accordance with ASTM D2007.
.sup.(c)Determined in accordance with ASTM D2622, ASTM D3120, ASTM
D4294 or ASTM D4927. .sup.(d)Determined in accordance with ASTM
D2270.
[0076] Base oils suitable for use herein are any of the variety
corresponding to API Group I, II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V
oils and combinations thereof.
[0077] The base oil constitutes the major component of the present
lubricating oil composition and is present is an amount ranging
from greater than 50 to 99 wt. % (e.g., 70 to 95 wt. %, or 85 to 95
wt. %).
[0078] In general, the level of sulfur in the lubricating oil
compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to
about 0.7 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil
composition, e.g., a level of sulfur of about 0.01 wt. % to about
0.70 wt. %, 0.01 to 0.6 wt. %, 0.01 to 0.5 wt. %, 0.01 to 0.4 wt.
%, 0.01 to 0.3 wt. %, 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %, 0.01 wt. % to 0.10 wt. %.
In one embodiment, the level of sulfur in the lubricating oil
compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to
about 0.60 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.50 wt. %, less than
or equal to about 0.40 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.35 wt.
%, less than or equal to about 0.34 wt. %, less than or equal to
about 0.33 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.32 wt. %, less than
or equal to about 0.31 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.30 wt.
% based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
[0079] In one embodiment, the levels of phosphorus in the
lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than
or equal to about 0.15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the
lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the levels of
phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present
invention is about 0.06 wt. % to about 0.15 wt. %. In one
embodiment, the levels of phosphorus in the lubricating oil
compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to
about 0.14 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil
composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about 0.06 wt. % to
about 0.14 wt. %. In one embodiment, the levels of phosphorus in
the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less
than or equal to about 0.13 wt. %, based on the total weight of the
lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about
0.06 wt. % to about 0.13 wt. %. In one embodiment, the levels of
phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present
invention is less than or equal to about 0.12 wt. %, based on the
total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of
phosphorus of about 0.06 wt. % to about 0.12 wt. %.
[0080] In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the
lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than
or equal to about 1.60 wt. % as determined by ASTM D 874, e.g., a
level of sulfated ash of from about 0.80 to about 1.60 wt. % as
determined by ASTM D 874. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated
ash produced by the lubricating oil compositions of the present
invention is less than or equal to about 1.50 wt. % as determined
by ASTM D 874, e.g., a level of sulfated ash of from about 0.80 to
about 1.50 wt. % as determined by ASTM D 874. In one embodiment,
the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil
compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to
about 1.40 wt. % as determined by ASTM D 874, e.g., a level of
sulfated ash of from about 0.80 to about 1.40 wt. % as determined
by ASTM D 874 Suitably, the present lubricating oil composition may
have a total base number (TBN) of 8 to 16 mg KOH/g. In some
embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may have a total base
number (TBN) of 10 to 16 mg KOH/g, 10 to 14 mg KOH/g, 10 to 13 mg
KOH/g, or 10 to 12 mg KOH/g.
[0081] In some embodiments for example, the desired grade of oil,
is of SAE Viscosity Grade 0W-30, 0W-40, 5W-30, 10W-30, 10W-40,
10W-50, 15W-30, 15W-40, 20W-50, 30, 40 and the like.
Detergent Mixture
[0082] The detergent mixture comprises at least one
calcium-containing detergent and at least one magnesium-containing
detergent.
[0083] A typical detergent is an anionic material that contains a
long chain hydrophobic portion of the molecule and a smaller
anionic or oleophobic hydrophilic portion of the molecule. The
anionic portion of the detergent is typically derived from an
organic acid such as a sulfur acid, carboxylic acid, phosphorous
acid, phenol, or mixtures thereof. The counterion is typically an
alkaline earth or alkali metal.
[0084] Salts that contain a substantially stoichiometric amount of
the metal are described as neutral salts and have a total base
number (TBN) of from 0 to 80 mg KOH/g. Many compositions are
overbased, containing large amounts of a metal base that is
achieved by reacting an excess of a metal compound (e.g., a metal
hydroxide or oxide) rich an acidic gas (e.g., carbon dioxide).
Useful detergents can be neutral, mildly overbased, or highly
overbased.
[0085] It is desirable for at least some detergent used in the
detergent mixture to be overbased. Overbased detergents help
neutralize acidic impurities produced by the combustion process and
become entrapped in the oil. Typically, the overbased material has
a ratio of metallic ion to anionic portion of the detergent of
1.05:1 to 50:1 (e.g., 4:1 to 25:1) on an equivalent basis. The
resulting detergent is an overbased detergent that will typically
have a TBN of 150 mg KOH/g or higher (e.g., 250 to 450 mg KOH/g or
more). A mixture of detergents of differing TBN can be used.
[0086] In some embodiments, the overbased detergents may be low
overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a TBN below 100 on an
actives basis. In one embodiment, the TBN of a low overbased salt
may be from about 30 to about 100. In another embodiment, the TBN
of a low overbased salt may be from about 30 to about 80. In some
embodiments, the overbased detergents may be medium overbased,
e.g., an overbased salt having a TBN from about 100 to about 250.
In one embodiment, the TBN of a medium overbased salt may be from
about 100 to about 200. In another embodiment, the TBN of a medium
overbased salt may be from about 125 to about 175. In some
embodiments, the overbased detergents may be high overbased, e.g.,
an overbased salt having a TBN above 250. In one embodiment, the
TBN of a high overbased salt may be from about 250 to about 800 on
an actives basis.
[0087] Suitable detergents include metal salts of sulfonates,
phenates, carboxylates, phosphates, and salicylates.
[0088] Sulfonates may be prepared from sulfonic acids which are
typically obtained by the sulfonation of alkyl-substituted aromatic
hydrocarbons such as those obtained from the fractionation of
petroleum or by the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples
included those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene,
naphthalene, diphenyl or their halogen derivatives. The alkylation
may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst with alkylating
agents having from about 3 to more than 70 carbon atoms. The
alkaryl sulfonates usually contain from about 9 to 80 or more
carbon atoms (e.g., about 16 to 60 carbon atoms) per alkyl
substituted aromatic moiety.
[0089] Phenates can be prepared by reacting an alkaline earth metal
hydroxide or oxide (e.g., CaO, Ca(OH).sub.2, MgO, or Mg(OH).sub.2)
with an alkyl phenol or sulfurized alkylphenol. Useful alkyl groups
include straight or branched chain C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 (e.g.,
C.sub.4 to C.sub.20) alkyl groups, or mixtures thereof. Examples of
suitable phenols include isobutylphenol, 2-ethylhexylphenol,
nonylphenol, dodecyl phenol, and the like. It should be noted that
starting alkylphenols may contain more than one alkyl substituent
that are each independently straight chain or branched chain. When
a non-sulfurized alkylphenol is used, the sulfurized product may be
obtained by methods well known in the art. These methods include
heating a mixture of alkylphenol and sulfurizing agent (e.g.,
elemental sulfur, sulfur halides such as sulfur dichloride, and the
like) and then reacting the sulfurized phenol with an alkaline
earth metal base.
[0090] Salicylates may be prepared by reacting a basic metal
compound with at least one carboxylic acid and removing water from
the reaction product. Detergents made from salicylic acid are one
class of detergents prepared from carboxylic acids. Useful
salicylates include long chain alkyl salicylates.
[0091] Hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acids may be prepared from
phenols by the Kolbe reaction (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,595,791). The
metal salts of the hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acids may be
prepared by double decomposition of a metal salt in a polar solvent
such as water or alcohol.
[0092] Alkaline earth metal phosphates are also used as detergents
and are known in the art.
[0093] Preferred calcium-containing detergents include calcium
sulfonates, calcium phenates, and calcium salicylates, especially
calcium sulfonates, calcium salicylates, and mixtures thereof.
Calcium Detergent
[0094] In one embodiment, the calcium-containing detergents include
calcium sulfonates, calcium phenates, and calcium salicylates.
[0095] The calcium-containing detergent may be used in an amount
that provides at least 1000 ppm, at least 1050 ppm, at least 1100
ppm, at least 1150 ppm, at least 1200 ppm, at least 1250 ppm, at
least 1300 ppm, at least 1350 ppm, at least 1400 ppm, at least 1450
ppm, at least 1500 ppm, at least 1550 ppm, at least 1600 ppm, at
least 1650 ppm, at least 1700 ppm, at least 1750 ppm, at least 1800
ppm, at least 1850 ppm, at least 1900 ppm, at least 1950 ppm, at
least 2000 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil
composition. In one embodiment, the calcium content is not greater
than 4000 ppm, not greater than 3500 ppm, not greater than 3000 ppm
by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition.
[0096] In some embodiments, the calcium-containing detergents can
be high overbased, medium overbased, or low overbased
detergents.
Magnesium Detergent
[0097] Preferred magnesium-containing detergents include magnesium
sulfonates, magnesium phenates, and magnesium salicylates,
especially magnesium sulfonates.
[0098] The magnesium-containing detergent may be used in an amount
that provides at least 800 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 900 ppm,
at least 950 ppm, at least 1000 ppm, at least 1050 ppm, at least
1100 ppm, at least 1150 ppm, at least 1200 ppm, at least 1250 ppm,
at least 1300 ppm, at least 1350 ppm, at least 1400 ppm, at least
1450 ppm, at least 1500 ppm, at least 1550 ppm, at least 1600 ppm,
at least 1650 ppm, at least 1700 ppm, at least 1750 ppm, at least
1800 ppm, at least 1850 ppm, at least 1900 ppm, at least 1950 ppm,
at least 2000 ppm by weight of magnesium in the lubricating oil
composition. In one embodiment, the magnesium content is not
greater than 4000 ppm, not greater than 3500 ppm, not greater than
3000 ppm, not greater than 2500 ppm, by weight of magnesium in the
lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the magnesium
content is from 800 to 2500 ppm, from 900 to 2300 ppm, from 1100 to
2300 ppm, 1300 to 2300 ppm, 1500 to 2300 ppm by weight of magnesium
in the lubricating oil composition.
[0099] In some embodiments, the magnesium-containing detergents can
be high overbased, medium overbased, or low overbased detergents.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of calcium to magnesium in the
lubricating oil composition is from 0.5:1 to 4:1. In other
embodiments, the mass ratio of calcium to magnesium in the
lubricating oil composition is from 0.6:1 to 3.5:1, 0.6:1 to 3.0:1,
0.6:1 to 2.5:1, 0.6:1 to 2.0:1, 0.6:1 to 1.7:1, 0.6:1 to 1.5:1,
0.6:1 to 1.3:1.
Nitrogen Containing Dispersant
[0100] Dispersants maintain in suspension materials resulting from
oxidation during engine operation that are insoluble in oil, thus
preventing sludge flocculation and precipitation or deposition on
metal parts. Dispersants useful herein include nitrogen-containing,
ashless (metal-free) dispersants known to effective to reduce
formation of deposits upon use in gasoline and diesel engines.
[0101] Suitable dispersants include hydrocarbyl succinimides,
hydrocarbyl succinamides, mixed ester/amides of
hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid, hydroxyesters of
hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid, and Mannich condensation
products of hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols, formaldehyde and
polyamines. Also suitable are condensation products of polyamines
and hydrocarbyl-substituted phenyl acids. Mixtures of these
dispersants can also be used.
[0102] Basic nitrogen-containing ashless dispersants are well-known
lubricating oil additives and methods for their preparation are
extensively described in the patent literature. Preferred
dispersants are the alkenyl succinimides and succinamides where the
alkenyl-substituent is a long-chain of preferably greater than 40
carbon atoms. These materials are readily made by reacting a
hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid material with a molecule
containing amine functionality. Examples of suitable amines are
polyamines such as polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxy-substituted
polyamines and polyoxyalkylene polyamines.
[0103] Particularly preferred ashless dispersants are the
polyisobutenyl succinimides formed from polyisobutenyl succinic
anhydride and a polyalkylene polyamine such as a polyethylene
polyamine of formula:
NH.sub.2(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH).sub.zH
[0104] wherein z is 1 to 11. The polyisobutenyl group is derived
from polyisobutene and preferably has a number average molecular
weight (Mn) in a range of 700 to 3000 Daltons (e.g., 900 to 2500
Daltons). For example, the polyisobutenyl succinimide may be a
bis-succinimide derived from a polyisobutenyl group having a Mn of
900 to 2500 Daltons.
[0105] As is known in the art, the dispersants may be post-treated
(e.g., with a boronating agent or a cyclic carbonate).
[0106] Nitrogen-containing ashless (metal-free) dispersants are
basic, and contribute to the TBN of a lubricating oil composition
to which they are added, without introducing additional sulfated
ash.
[0107] Dispersants may be present at an amount to provide less than
600 ppm nitrogen to the lubricating oil composition, less than 550
ppm, less than 500 ppm, less than 450 ppm, less than 400 ppm of
nitrogen by weight of nitrogen to the lubricating oil
composition.
Other Lubricating Oil Additives
[0108] In addition to the additives compound described herein, the
lubricating oil composition can comprise additional lubricating oil
additives.
[0109] The lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure
may also contain other conventional additives that can impart or
improve any desirable property of the lubricating oil composition
in which these additives are dispersed or dissolved. Any additive
known to a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the
lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein. Some suitable
additives have been described in Mortier et al., "Chemistry and
Technology of Lubricants", 2nd Edition, London, Springer, (1996);
and Leslie R. Rudnick, "Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and
Applications", New York, Marcel Dekker (2003), both of which are
incorporated herein by reference. For example, the lubricating oil
compositions can be blended with antioxidants, anti-wear agents,
metal detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying
agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point
depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, corrosion-inhibitors,
ashless dispersants, multifunctional agents, dyes, extreme pressure
agents and the like and mixtures thereof. A variety of the
additives are known and commercially available. These additives, or
their analogous compounds, can be employed for the preparation of
the lubricating oil compositions of the disclosure by the usual
blending procedures.
[0110] The lubricating oil composition of the present invention can
contain one or more anti-wear agents that can reduce friction and
excessive wear. Any anti-wear agent known by a person of ordinary
skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition.
Non-limiting examples of suitable anti-wear agents include zinc
dithiophosphate, metal (e.g., Pb, Sb, Mo and the like) salts of
dithiophosphates, metal (e.g., Zn, Pb, Sb, Mo and the like) salts
of dithiocarbamates, metal (e.g., Zn, Pb, Sb and the like) salts of
fatty acids, boron compounds, phosphate esters, phosphite esters,
amine salts of phosphoric acid esters or thiophosphoric acid
esters, reaction products of dicyclopentadiene and thiophosphoric
acids and combinations thereof. The amount of the anti-wear agent
may vary from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, from about 0.05
wt. % to about 3 wt. %, or from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. %,
based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
[0111] In certain embodiments, the anti-wear agent is or comprises
a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt, such as zinc dialkyl
dithiophosphate compounds. The metal of the dihydrocarbyl
dithiophosphate metal salt may be an alkali or alkaline earth
metal, or aluminum, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, nickel or
copper. In some embodiments, the metal is zinc. In other
embodiments, the alkyl group of the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate
metal salt has from about 3 to about 22 carbon atoms, from about 3
to about 18 carbon atoms, from about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms, or
from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms. In further embodiments, the
alkyl group is linear or branched.
[0112] The amount of the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt
including the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate salts in the lubricating
oil composition disclosed herein is measured by its phosphorus
content. In some embodiments, the phosphorus content of the
lubricating oil composition is as disclosed herein.
[0113] The lubricating oil composition of the invention preferably
contains an organic oxidation inhibitor in an amount of 0.01-5 wt.
%, preferably 0.1-3 wt. %. The oxidation inhibitor can be a
hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor or a diarylamine oxidation
inhibitor. The diarylamine oxidation inhibitor is advantageous in
giving a base number originating from the nitrogen atoms. The
hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor is advantageous in producing no
NOx gas.
[0114] Examples of the hindered phenol oxidation inhibitors include
2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol),
4,4'-methylenebis(6-t-butyl-o-cresol),
4,4'-isopropylidenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol),
4,4'-bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2'
methylenebis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol),
4,4-thiobis(2-methyl-6-t-butylphenol),
2,2-thio-diethylenebis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate],
octyl 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, octadecyl
3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, and octyl
3-(3,54-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionate, and commercial
products such as, but not limited to, Irganox L135.RTM. (BASF),
Naugalube 531.RTM. (Chemtura), and Ethanox 376.RTM. (SI Group).
[0115] Examples of the diarylamine oxidation inhibitors include
alkyldiphenylamine having a mixture of alkyl groups of 4 to 9
carbon atoms, p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine, phenyl-naphthylamine,
phenyl-naphthylamine, alkylated-naphthylamine, and alkylated
phenyl-naphthylamine.
[0116] Each of the hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor and
diarylamine oxidation inhibitor can be employed alone or in
combination. If desired, other oil soluble oxidation inhibitors can
be added.
[0117] In the preparation of lubricating oil formulations, it is
common practice to introduce the additives in the form of 10 to 80
wt. % active ingredient concentrates in hydrocarbon oil, e.g.
mineral lubricating oil, or other suitable solvent.
[0118] Usually these concentrates may be diluted with 3 to 100,
e.g., 5 to 40, parts by weight of lubricating oil per part by
weight of the additive package in forming finished lubricants, e.g.
crankcase motor oils. The purpose of concentrates, of course, is to
make the handling of the various materials less difficult and
awkward as well as to facilitate solution or dispersion in the
final blend.
Processes of Preparing Lubricating Oil Compositions
[0119] The lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein can be
prepared by any method known to a person of ordinary skill in the
art for making lubricating oils. In some embodiments, the base oil
can be blended or mixed with the zirconium-containing compounds
described herein. Optionally, one or more other can be added. The
additives may be added to the base oil individually or
simultaneously. In some embodiments, the additives are added to the
base oil individually in one or more additions and the additions
may be in any order. In other embodiments, the additives are added
to the base oil simultaneously, optionally in the form of an
additive concentrate. In some embodiments, the solubilizing of the
additives in the base oil may be assisted by heating the mixture to
a temperature from about 25.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C.,
from about 50.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. or from about
75.degree. C. to about 125.degree. C.
[0120] Any mixing or dispersing equipment known to a person of
ordinary skill in the art may be used for blending, mixing or
solubilizing the ingredients. The blending, mixing or solubilizing
may be carried out with a blender, an agitator, a disperser, a
mixer (e.g., planetary mixers and double planetary mixers), a
homogenizer (e.g., Gaulin homogenizers and Rannie homogenizers), a
mill (e.g., colloid mill, ball mill and sand mill) or any other
mixing or dispersing equipment known in the art.
Application of the Lubricating Oil Compositions
[0121] The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein may be
suitable for use as motor oils (that is, engine oils or crankcase
oils), in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, particularly
direct injected and boosted engines.
[0122] The following examples are presented to exemplify
embodiments of the invention but are not intended to limit the
invention to the specific embodiments set forth. Unless indicated
to the contrary, all parts and percentages are by weight. All
numerical values are approximate. When numerical ranges are given,
it should be understood that embodiments outside the stated ranges
may still fall within the scope of the invention. Specific details
described in each example should not be construed as necessary
features of the invention.
EXAMPLES
[0123] The following examples are intended for illustrative
purposes only and do not limit in any way the scope of the present
invention.
Example 1
[0124] A lubricating oil composition was prepared by blending
together the following components: [0125] (a) a mixture of primary
and secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate; [0126] (b) a mixture of
an overbased phenate, an overbased borated sulfonate, and a low
overbased calcium sulfonate detergent; [0127] (c) a highly
overbased magnesium sulfonate detergent (Mg Sulfonate with TBN of
402 and 9.4% wt of Mg content); [0128] (d) an ethylene carbonate
treated and a borated succinimide dispersant; [0129] (e) an
alkylated diphenylamine antioxidant, [0130] (f) conventional
amounts of pour point depressant, [0131] (g) an ethylene propylene
based viscosity index improvers, [0132] (h) a molybdenum
succinimide anti-oxidant, [0133] (i) foam inhibitor; and [0134] (j)
the balance a Group I base oil.
Example 2
[0135] Example 1 was repeated except that a highly overbased
magnesium sulfonate with a TBN of 397 and 9.6% wt of Mg
content.
Example 3
[0136] Example 1 was repeated except that a highly overbased
calcium sulfonate and additional highly overbased magnesium
sulfonate were added to the formulation to give the values shown
below in Table 2.
Comparative Example 1
[0137] Overbased magnesium sulfonate was taken out of Example 1 and
replaced with an amount of highly overbased calcium sulfonate to
give the values shown below in Table 2.
Comparative Example 2
[0138] Overbased magnesium sulfonate level was adjusted and highly
overbased calcium sulfonate was added to Example 1 to give the
values shown below in Table 2.
Comparative Example 3
[0139] Overbased magnesium sulfonate level was adjusted and highly
overbased calcium sulfonate was added to Example 1 to give the
values shown below in Table 2.
Comparative Example 4
[0140] Overbased magnesium sulfonate level was adjusted and highly
overbased calcium sulfonate was added to Example 1 to give the
values shown below in Table 2.
Comparative Example 5
[0141] Overbased magnesium sulfonate level was adjusted and highly
overbased calcium sulfonate was added to Example 1 to give the
values shown below in Table 2.
Microclutch Test
[0142] As a means of evaluating the wet friction characteristics,
measurements were carried out on the basis of the Test Method for
Friction Characteristics (JCMAS P 047 4) of the Hydraulic Fluids
for Construction Machinery (JCMAS P 047:2004) of the Japan
Construction Machinery Association. The details of the method for
the micro-clutch tests are shown below. [0143] a) Operate the test
apparatus at room temperature for 5 min with conditions given in
following test condition, while measuring friction coefficients and
temperature. [0144] b) Operate the test apparatus at the surface
pressure and peripheral speed until reaching a next test
temperature controlled by electric heater of the Micro clutch test
rig. [0145] c) Measure temperatures and friction coefficients while
maintaining the test temperature for 5 min.
Test Conditions
[0146] Test specimen material: Clutch disc facing material:
SD1795-S Plate material: SS400 steel (Detail of test piece
dimension is shown in JACMAS P 047) Test conditions: Temperatures:
40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140.degree. C. Surface pressure: 392 kPa,
Peripheral speed: 3.0.times.10.sup.-2 m/s (Rotating speed: 20
min.sup.-1)
Volume of the Test Fluid: 20 ml
[0147] For a new test clutch, a break-in operation is required to
get a stable friction data before measurements. The condition of
beak-in operation is as follows. Temperatures: Room temperature
Surface pressure: 392 kPa, Peripheral speed: 3.0.times.10.sup.-2
m/s (Rotating speed: 20 min.sup.-1) Friction time: 60 min. or more
The present invention is explained below by means of examples and
comparative examples under the aforementioned microclutch test
conditions, but these are only representative examples and the
Invention is in no way limited by them.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 1 Ex. 2
Ex. 3 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Kinematic Viscosity 10.5 10.4
10.5 10.5 10.4 10.2 10.6 10.6 (100.degree. C.), mm.sup.2/s CCS
Viscosity 6780 6880 6980 6800 6840 6870 6880 6920 (-25.degree. C.),
cP Zn, wt. % 1370 1370 1370 1370 1370 1370 1370 1370 P, wt. % 1200
1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 Ca, wt. % 1210 1190 2840 4070
3350 3710 2840 2840 Mg, wt. % 1750 1750 2210 0 440 230 595 750 Mo,
wt. % 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 B, wt. % 190 190 190 190 190 190 190
190 S, wt. % 3220 3270 3200 3190 3190 3190 3200 3200 N, wt. % 300
300 300 300 1370 1370 1370 1370 TBN (D4739) 10.9 10.4 11.5 10.8
10.6 10.7 10.7 10.8 Ca/Mg mass ratio 0.69 0.68 1.29 >40 7.61
16.13 4.77 3.79 Komatsu Micro Clutch Test (JCMAS P047) 40.degree.
C. 0.168 0.176 0.172 0.155 0.160 0.159 0.159 0.159 60.degree. C.
0.161 0.171 0.168 0.147 0.149 0.148 0.148 0.148 80.degree. C. 0.155
0.165 0.163 0.137 0.139 0.139 0.139 0.139 100.degree. C. 0.149
0.158 0.156 0.129 0.131 0.131 0.131 0.131 120.degree. C. 0.145
0.151 0.149 0.123 0.127 0.128 0.128 0.128 140.degree. C. 0.149
0.143 0.149 0.117 0.122 0.122 0.125 0.125 Sulfate ash 1.3 1.3 2.0
1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 (ASTM D874), wt %
Diesel engine oils having JASO DH-1, API CG-4, CH-4 or CI-4, are
widely used not only for internal combustion engines, but also
hydraulic and transmission systems in industrial machinery,
especially transport, construction, and agricultural machinery. To
obtain a higher static friction coefficient of wet clutches in
their machinery is important to enable safe operation of the
machinery, and also to give an excellent power transmit efficiency
for the machinery, because of showing a good response and fuel
efficiency. Friction coefficient must be greater than 0.13 (0.125)
for the oils at every test temperature. It is evident that Ex.1,
Ex.2 and Ex.3 shows excellent wet clutch friction in micro clutch
test.
* * * * *