U.S. patent application number 16/530183 was filed with the patent office on 2019-11-21 for loop.
This patent application is currently assigned to Atex Technologies, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is Atex Technologies, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ivan Azuero, Sarah Beyer, Mark Jessup.
Application Number | 20190350696 16/530183 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47912076 |
Filed Date | 2019-11-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20190350696 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Beyer; Sarah ; et
al. |
November 21, 2019 |
LOOP
Abstract
A continuous loop of material for use in mammals, particularly
humans. One embodiment may have an air entanglement section therein
and method of making the same. Another embodiment includes a hollow
braided length having a first inner section and a second inner
section, the sections formed by radially inserting the ends into
the hollow braid and passing it along a portion of the hollow
interior. These embodiments may also include a bone engagement
member incorporated therein. A further embodiment is a loop
assembly having a length of fiber, the length of fiber having two
ends, and a bone engagement member having an end receiving member
to securely receive the two respective ends therein.
Inventors: |
Beyer; Sarah; (Pinebluff,
NC) ; Jessup; Mark; (Aberdeen, NC) ; Azuero;
Ivan; (Aberdeen, NC) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Atex Technologies, Inc. |
Pinebluff |
NC |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Atex Technologies, Inc.
Pinebluff
NC
|
Family ID: |
47912076 |
Appl. No.: |
16/530183 |
Filed: |
August 2, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15353234 |
Nov 16, 2016 |
10413398 |
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16530183 |
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13627095 |
Sep 26, 2012 |
9526496 |
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15353234 |
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61539031 |
Sep 26, 2011 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 17/06166 20130101;
A61B 17/82 20130101; A61B 2017/06185 20130101; A61F 2/0811
20130101; A61F 2002/0882 20130101; A61B 2017/06171 20130101; A61B
17/0401 20130101; A61B 17/842 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61F 2/08 20060101
A61F002/08; A61B 17/04 20060101 A61B017/04; A61B 17/06 20060101
A61B017/06 |
Claims
1.-16. (canceled)
17. A loop assembly comprising: a plurality of fiber lengths
forming a continuous loop; and at least one fiber entangled section
location along the loop, wherein the entangled section is created
by exposing a portion of the loop to a high pressure fluid.
18. The loop assembly of claim 17 further comprising a bone
engagement member incorporated within the continuous loop.
19. A loop assembly for use in minimally invasive surgery, the
assembly comprising: a length of fibers, the length having a first
end and a second end; and a bone engaging member, the bone engaging
member having an end receiving area for receiving the first and
second ends of the length of fibers, whereby when the end receiving
area receives the first and second ends, the ends are secured
therein.
20. The loop assembly of claim 19 wherein the end receiving area is
a crimping sleeve.
21. The loop assembly of claim 20 wherein the ends are secured by
deforming the crimping sleeve.
22. The loop assembly of claim 19 further comprising a bone
engaging surface wherein the bone engaging surface is opposed to
the end receiving area.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser.
No. 15/353,234, filed Nov. 16, 2016, which is a divisional of U.S.
application Ser. No. 13/627,095, filed Sep. 26, 2012, now U.S. Pat.
No. 9,526,496 B2, granted Dec. 27, 2016, which claims the benefit
of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/539,031, filed Sep. 26,
2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their
entirety.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The embodiments herein relate to looped structures. In
particular, the embodiments herein relate to continuous looped
structures for implantation in mammals, particularly humans.
BACKGROUND
[0003] In bone repair, continuous loops of material may be used as
tethers to anchor bone sections together. Several loop sections may
be needed to hold bone sections in place while they set, especially
in situations where the bones have broken in more than one place.
Another application involves the securing of spinal vertebrae. In
certain spinal surgeries, two adjacent vertebras are pulled
together. This is accomplished by inserting screws or other rigid
attachment devices into each vertebra and then using a length of
fiber, yarn, suture or other configuration of material to loop
around both devices to help hold the bones together. It is
advantageous to use continuously looped fibers rather than a single
length joined together where there are two end points to connect.
Moreover, the use of continuous loop fiber provides a level of
consistency and reliability in the length of the loop that is
advantageous in surgical repair. In other words, the surgeon knows
the length of the suture and that it will not substantially change
or alter, as opposed to creating such a loop during surgery where
there is a chance the length may alter slightly because the knot is
loosened or the fibers elongate over time under stress.
[0004] Moreover, loops formed by knotting can result in knots that
are too large to be used in certain procedures, especially those
done using an endoscope or other minimally invasive procedures
where space is limited. Also, knots or joints formed during a
procedure may slip during or after the procedure and require
further surgery and result in a joint that may not fully
function.
[0005] Looped assemblies are used in a number of minimally invasive
procedures. Minimally invasive surgical techniques are increasingly
more common because they provide significant advantages due to the
decreased level of injury and trauma to the patient. This enables
patients to recover quicker and with less pain and discomfort. As a
result, more procedures are being adapted for performance by
minimally invasive means.
[0006] One such procedure is the reconstruction of the ACL
(anterior crucite ligament). This procedure is described in detail
in U.S. Pat. No. 5,306,301, and incorporated herein by reference.
In general, the minimally invasive reconstruction procedure
involves drilling a bone passage within the tibia and femur bones
at a particular orientation. An attachment assembly is fed through
the bone passage. The attachment assembly includes a bone securing
device, a ligament (natural or artificial) and a ligament
connector. The ligament connector, by its function, is a loop
because the ligaments are draped across the loop at one end and
fixed to the bone securing device at the other end. The securing
device may take the form of an elongated element having the
capacity to pass through the bone passage, rotate upon exit, and
rest against the bone. The securing device is attached to or
incorporated into the ligament connector. The ligament connector
may be a knotted suture that connects the ligament to the securing
device. The presence of a knotted connector presents the risk of
the knot untying or loosening during or after the procedure. A knot
may also result in continued irritation to the ligament or other
area. Sutures joined by a knot may also create an area of
concentrated stress on the ligament and cut into the ligament. This
is known as "cheese slicing" and can injure or completely tear the
ligament.
[0007] There is a need for a continuous loop for use minimally
invasive procedures involving the repair or reconstruction of
ligaments or tendons, that helps to prevent any tearing, cutting or
irritation of the ligament once installed. There is yet a need for
a continuous loop that has a relatively smooth exterior so as to
support a ligament without irritation. Moreover, there is also a
need for a continuous loop without knots, or obvious joints so as
to prevent loosening or unraveling of the loop. There is yet a
further need for a continuous loop having a specific size or length
for use in a number of surgical procedures.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0008] One embodiment provides for a continuous loop assembly
having a length of tubular braid, the length having an outer
surface, a hollow inner surface, a first end and a second end, and
a radial entry point located on the outer surface. The embodiment
also has a first inner section created by passing the first end
radially inward at the radial entry point and moving the first end
in a first direction along a portion of the length of the hollow
inner surface, and a second inner section created by passing the
second end radially inward through the radial entry point and
moving the second end in the opposed direction along a portion of
the length of the hollow inner surface.
[0009] Another embodiment provides for a method of creating a loop
including providing a length of tubular braid having an outer
surface, a hollow inner surface, first and a second ends, and a
radial entry point located on the outer surface. The method also
includes passing the first end radially inward at the radial entry
point and moving the first end in a first direction along a portion
of the length of the hollow inner surface, and passing the second
end radially inward at the radial entry point and moving the second
end in an opposed direction along a portion of the length of the
hollow inner surface.
[0010] Still a further embodiment provides for a loop assembly
described above having a bone engaging member incorporated
therein.
[0011] A further embodiment provides for a loop assembly having a
length, and first and second ends of the length. The embodiment
further provides for a bone engagement member having an end
receiving area to securedly receive the first and second ends.
[0012] Yet a further embodiment provides for a loop assembly having
a plurality of fiber lengths forming a continuous loop and at least
one fiber entangled section location along the loop, wherein the
entangled section is created by exposing a portion of the loop to a
high pressure fluid.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 is a front view of the first embodiment.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a front view drawing of the second embodiment.
[0015] FIG. 3 is a front view of a third embodiment.
[0016] FIG. 4 is a front view of a braided length.
[0017] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of along lines A-A of the
third embodiment of FIG. 3.
[0018] FIGS. 6A-E are schematic representations of the methodology
used to create the third embodiment of FIG. 3.
[0019] FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic representation of the structure of
the fourth embodiment.
[0020] FIG. 8 is a front view of the fifth embodiment.
[0021] FIG. 9 is a front view of the sixth embodiment.
[0022] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG.
9.
[0023] FIG. 11 is a front view of the seventh embodiment.
[0024] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG.
11.
DESCRIPTION
[0025] The embodiments of the present invention are directed to
continuous loops, continuous loop assemblies and the methods
employed to make them. These include continuous loops of fibers
having at least a portion of the fibers in the loop entangled, as
well as continuous braided loops. The specific embodiments
mentioned are described in detail below. It should be noted that
the term "fiber" is used herein to incorporate yarn, thread,
filament and the like that are capable of being formed into
discrete lengths. The term "fluid" is understood to incorporate
water, air, and any other entity in a liquid or gaseous state.
[0026] Fluid Entangled Loop Assembly
[0027] A first embodiment 10 includes a continuous loop 11 of fiber
lengths 12 having at least one entangled section 14 along at least
a portion of the loop, as shown in FIG. 1. The fibers 12 may be
natural or synthetic or may include a combination of both. The
first embodiment 10 may be formed by joining two ends of a length
of fiber by subjecting the joint to high pressure air so as to
entangle the free ends together. This causes the filaments at each
end to intertwine. The result is a loop 11 of fiber lengths 12
having an air entangled section 14 along a section of the loop 11.
It should be noted that while high pressure air is referenced
throughout, it is anticipated that any high pressure fluid,
including any gas or liquid could be used to achieve the same
results.
[0028] It is anticipated that there may be several additional ways
in which to achieve the first embodiment to that described above.
For example, the length of fibers may be manually subjected to high
pressure air using a hand held device or by holding the loop over a
fixed high pressure air nozzle. It is also envisioned that
additional variations on the first embodiment 10 may be made to
enhance the strength of the loop and also provide a greater
cross-sectional area of the loop so as to more effectively hold a
ligament without slicing into it when the assembly is under
tension. For example, a loop may be formed by exposing the finished
loop to two discrete blasts of air at positions on either side of a
central point. The central point may be the point along the loop
that would receive a ligament or tendon. It has been found that if
two discrete blasts of air, resulting in two distinct air
entanglement sections 14 are positioned on either side of the
ligament receiving point, the fibers in between are relatively
unbound and soften and provide a more even distribution of force
which further prevents "cheese slicing".
[0029] Alternatively, a loop may be subjected to a plurality of air
blasts along the loop length so as to create a three or more air
entanglement sections 14. The air blasts may be made separately by
hand. Applicants envision applying multiple blasts of high pressure
air simultaneously through the use of a looped manifold (not
shown). The manifold would provide a relatively closed environment
to hold the loop 11 in position while the high pressure air is
directed to specific points along the loop.
[0030] It is anticipated with the formation of the looped
assemblies that the air may be directed along portions of the loop
in a number of different ways which will be explained in greater
detail below. First, the air may be directed radially outward to
the loop at one or more locations. It is envisioned that the air
would be delivered via a central air channel have a series of spoke
like smaller channels oriented radially outward to one or points on
the loop. In use, when the high pressure air is introduced, the air
travels radially outward along the smaller spoke-like channels
hitting the surface of the loop 11 in a direction radially outward
creating a plurality of air entangled sections 14 along the length
of the loop 11.
[0031] Alternatively, the high pressure air may be directed at the
loop 11 radially inward. This may be accomplished by having an
outer sleeve that holds the loop 11 in position. In use, the high
pressure air would travel around a ring-shaped manifold and direct
the air radially inward along discrete conduits to the loop 11
forming air entangled sections at those points. It is understood
that the number and location of the conduits could be designed by
the number and location of air entanglement sections desired.
[0032] A further method of directing high pressure air to the loop
via a manifold would be to direct the air axially along the loop
circumference. In this design, the manifold would hold the loop in
a hoop-shaped configuration. A high pressure air supply (not shown)
would travel via conduits and direct air in an axial direction at
discrete intervals along the curvature of the loop.
[0033] FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment 48 that incorporates a bone
attachment device 50 into the loop 11 of the first embodiment 10.
The bone attachment device 50 has at least two openings
therethrough 52, 54. Like elements will be indicated by like
numerals throughout the various embodiments. The attachment device
50 may be made of any rigid biocompatible material such as medical
grade alloys or plastics. The second embodiment 48 may be formed a
number of different ways. One such way is to manually thread the
attachment device 50 into the length 12. The length 12 with the
bone attachment device 50 is then formed into a loop 11 as
described above for the first embodiment 10 by exposing the ends to
a blast of high pressure air to create an air entanglement section
14 within the loop. The resulting device includes a looped bundle
11 of fiber lengths 12 having an air entanglement section 14 and
incorporating a bone attachment device 50.
[0034] It is anticipated that additional air entanglement sections
in a loop similar to the first embodiment incorporating a bone
attachment device 50 may be created in the same manner described
above (i.e. radially inward, radially outward and in an axial
direction along the circumference of the loop). It should be noted
that because the air entangled sections increase the cross
sectional area of the loop, the bone attachment device should be
incorporated into the loop prior to exposing the loop to any high
pressure air.
[0035] It has been determined that in order to maintain the desired
level of strength of the looped assembly, the air entanglement
section must include a certain level of overlapping fiber lengths
and not an entanglement of the two ends face-to-face. There are
numerous other methods of creating a loop to form the device. In
addition, it is anticipated that the level of air pressure as well
as the shape and area of the air nozzle will impact on the type and
extent of air entanglement. Moreover, the angle at which high
pressure fluid is directed to the fibers will impact the
entanglement. These factors may be varied in a number of different
ways to create embodiments to suit a particular fiber, application
or design preference.
[0036] The advantages of the air entangled loop embodiments are
several. The entangled fiber sections provide a greater
cross-sectional area on which to support a tendon, ligament, or
tissue. This greater area helps to reduce or eliminate the
probability of cutting or slicing into the tendon, or the like when
it is under increased tension. In addition, the intertwined fibers
perform more effectively as a unit because of the entanglement.
Because of the interdependence of the fiber lengths with each other
as a result of the entanglement, the loop as a unit is less likely
to unravel and fail over time. If a fiber length should break as a
result of use over time, the remaining fiber lengths and multiple
unions therebetween will serve to support the loop as a whole.
[0037] An additional advantage is that the application of high
pressure air to the looped bundle provides an increased level of
stiffness and/or loft to the fiber lengths and thereby increasing
its malleability for use in such a procedure. The looped bundle
provides a greater area along at least a portion of the loop upon
which to receive a tendon, ligament, tissue or the like. This wider
area more effectively distributes the load under tension without
ripping or tearing. Thus, the looped bundle allows the tendon,
ligament or tissue, to move with a greater degree of freedom and
results in less pain for the patient and quicker recovery.
[0038] While the looped bundle generally has a greater
cross-sectional area in the air entanglement sections, it remains
capable of use in endoscopic or other medical procedures where
space is limited. Moreover, because the loop is a continuous one,
there is no knot or joint that would cause a patient added
discomfort or become undone.
[0039] Braided Loop Assemblies
[0040] An alternative approach to creating a continuous
fluid-entangled loop is to use a braided length of material formed
into a loop. A third embodiment 64, shown in FIG. 3, is a
continuous loop of a length 66 of braided fibers. The length 66 of
braided fibers has a first braided end 68 and a second braided end
70 (shown in FIG. 4), an outer braided surface 72, and a hollow
inner core 74, shown in FIG. 5. The third embodiment 64 includes a
first inner section 76 formed by inserting the first braided end 68
radially into an entry point 78 located on the outer braided
surface 72, and passing the first braided end along a length of the
hollow inner core 74 in a first direction (shown by arrow 73) until
the first end is about half way around the loop, at stopping point
79. These steps are shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 6A-D. The
embodiment 64 further includes a second inner section 80 formed by
inserting the second braided end 70 radially into the entry point
78 located on the outer braided surface 72 and through the outer
surface into the hollow inner core 74. The second inner section is
further formed by passing the second braided end 70 in the opposite
direction to the first direction along a length of the hollow inner
core 74 to the stopping point 79. Preferably, the entry point 78 is
located approximately 1/4 the length from the second braided end
70. Preferably, the first 68 and second 70 braided ends are in
abutting relation inside the hollow inner core 74. In this manner,
the embodiment 64 has a double layer throughout the entire inner
core 74. In other words, about half of the length of the braid in
its preassembled condition is within the hollow core 74 once
assembled so as to double the thickness of the fully assembled
embodiment. It should be noted that the first 68 or second braided
70 ends of this embodiment 64 will not unravel when tension is
applied. The frictional force of the outer surface 72 of that
portion of the length within the hollow core 74 against the surface
of the hollow core prevents the unraveling. It should also be noted
that for additional strength or reinforcement, the first 68 and
second 70 braided ends may be fixed to each other once assembled.
This may involve sewing, gluing, or pinning the ends together, once
they are inside the loop. For example, areas within the loop may be
stitched to reinforce the fibers. In particular, the stitching may
occur in the areas with the ends 68, 70 abut. It should be noted
that the stitching is preferably accomplished in a symmetrical
manner to balance the loop and to minimize any unwanted stress in
the assembly. It should also be appreciated that to further secure
the ends, the end may be threaded out of the loop and rethreaded
into it so as to cause the end to secure itself relative to the
surface 72 of the braid.
[0041] A fourth embodiment 82 is shown schematically in FIG. 7. The
fourth embodiment 82 is similar in all respects to the third
embodiment 64 except that the inner core thickness has tripled.
This is accomplished by inserting the first end 68 radially at the
entry point 85 into the hollow inner core 74 and passing the first
end in a first direction as shown by arrow 87 until the first end
meets the entry point, as shown in FIG. 7. This essentially creates
a completed first inner loop section 84 located within the hollow
inner core 74. The first inner loop section 84 of the fourth
embodiment 82 is essentially the first end 68 traveling a full
circle within the hollow inner core 74. Then the second braided end
70 is inserted radially inward at the entry point 78 through the
hollow inner core 74 and the first inner loop section 84. The
second braided end 70 is then passed in the direction opposite the
first direction inside the hollow inner core 74 and the first inner
loop section 84 until the second end returns to the entry point 85.
This creates a second inner loop section 86 located within the
first inner loop section 84 within the hollow inner core 74. This
arrangement results in a loop thickness of three times the
thickness of the original length of braid 66. In addition, as with
the third embodiment 74, the fourth embodiment 82 will not unravel
or either of the ends pull out for the same reasons discussed
above.
[0042] A fifth embodiment 88, shown in FIG. 8, is the looped
assembly of the third embodiment 64 and a bone engagement member
90. The bone engagement member 90 is elongate with a first pair of
openings 92 along its length. The member 90 also includes a second
pair of openings 94 to aid the surgeon in guiding the bone
engagement member into place during installation of the assembly.
Typically, the second pair of openings 94 are at opposed ends of
the length of the member 90. To create this embodiment 88, a first
end (not shown) is threaded in a first direction through one of the
first pair 92 of openings. The first end is then passed in the
opposite direction and inserted through the other opening 92. The
first end 68 is then inserted into the entry point 78 of the length
of braid 66. The first end 68 is passed along the length of the
hollow inner core 74 in the first direction until it is about
half-way around the remaining length of braid 66 to the stopping
point (not shown) as described above in the formation of the third
embodiment. Then the second end (not shown) is inserted into the
entry point 78 and passed along a length of the hollow inner core
(not shown) in a direction opposite the first direction until the
first and second braided ends abut. As either end passes through a
portion of the hollow inner core 74, it may also pass through the
first pair of openings 92. The resulting assembly is essentially
the third embodiment, as described above, having the bone
engagement member 90 incorporate therein. This embodiment 88 is
ready for use in a minimally invasive procedure or the like as
described above. It should be noted that the embodiment described
herein may function equally well with the fourth embodiment 82,
described above. In fact, there may be applications where the added
strength of the fourth embodiment 82 is more particularly
applicable in certain cases or with the use of certain fibers.
[0043] During the travel of the first 68 and second ends 70, the
bone engaging member 90 may need to be moved along the length 66 so
as to enable the first 68 or second end 70 to pass through the
first pair of openings 92. Upon completion of the loop, the ends
may be further secured to each other or the length of braid by
sewing, adhesive or mechanical means.
[0044] The braided embodiments of the third, fourth, and fifth
embodiments provide for a smooth, continuous loop having sufficient
strength properties for use in a number of tendon and ligament
procedures. Moreover, because these looped structures have no knot
or obvious joint, they do not irritate the tendon or ligament or
the surrounding tissue. In addition, the lack of knot eliminates
the risk of the knot becoming untied and the assembly failing,
which would result in a loss of function.
[0045] Continuous Loop and Alternative Bone Engagement Member
[0046] A sixth embodiment 100 involves the joinder of a length 101
of fibers or braid by means of a bone engagement member 103 that
incorporates an end receiving section 102, shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
The length 101 has two ends 68, 70 which are received into the end
receiving section 102. The end receiving section 102 may be a
crimping sleeve. The sleeve 102 is cylindrical and hollow and has
first 104 and second 106 end recesses. The sleeve 102 receives the
ends 68, 70 of the length 101 at first 104 and second 106 end
recesses respectively. Once the ends are received into the recesses
104, 106, the sleeve 102 is crimped, compressed or otherwise
deformed so as to secure the ends to the bone engaging member 103
and prevent the ends from pulling out. FIG. 9 shows the ends 68, 70
to be in abutting relation and the ends received into opposed
recesses 104, 106 that are opened at each end of the length of the
sleeve 102.
[0047] In use, the sixth 100 embodiment receives a ligament (not
shown), such as an ACL, through the looped length 101. The bone
engagement member 103 is guided along a bone channel (not shown) by
the surgeon using the recesses 110 to pull it through. Once the
bone engagement member 103 has cleared the channel, the bone
engagement member pivots so that the bone engaging surface 112
rests against the bone (not shown) and the ligament is then
surgically secured in place.
[0048] Alternatively, a seventh embodiment 107 is anticipated where
the ends 68, 70 may be arranged side-by-side and overlap slightly
along their respective length. The sleeve 105 is fixedly attached
to the bone engagement member 108. However the sleeve 105 of the
seventh embodiment 107 has an open channel 109 extending along its
length. The open channel 109 may be wide or narrow as needed to
receive a portion of the length of braid or other material used to
form the loop. The sleeve 105 receives the ends 68, 70 through the
channel 109 in the side-by-side overlapping arrangement discussed
above, as shown in FIG. 12. The sleeve 105 would then be crimped or
otherwise deformed so as to secure the ends 68, 70 and length
therein. It is anticipated that these arrangements are not
exclusive and that a number of different configurations may be used
and still achieve the purpose of the embodiment 107, namely to
secure the ends of the loop within the sleeve 105. The bone
engagement member 108 also has a pair of recesses 110 for use by a
surgeon to guide the bone engagement member and a bone engaging
surface 112.
[0049] It should also be mentioned that the air entangled loop of
the first embodiment 10 may be incorporated into a metal crimping
sleeve as described above with regard to the sixth 100 and seventh
107 embodiments. It is anticipated that the first embodiment 10 may
receive the sleeve 103 of the sixth embodiment 100 onto its length
prior to air entanglement. Alternatively, the sleeve 105 of the
seventh embodiment may be open so that it could receive the air
entanglement section 14 or any other section of the first
embodiment 10 prior to crimping.
[0050] These and other embodiments may be advantageously utilized
in other medical/surgical applications. In addition, the looped
assemblies described herein may be made from any number of fibers,
yarns, thread or the like made from synthetic or natural materials
or combinations thereof. Apertured devices such as buttons, buckles
or other fasteners may be incorporated with the looped bundle
described herein, or in some cases, may be applied after the looped
assembly is fabricated.
[0051] The materials to create the yarns and filaments as described
herein may be made of any number of biocompatible or resorbable
materials known in the industry. By way of example and not
exclusion, materials that may be used alone or in combination
include but are in no way intended to be limited to polymers,
including thermopolymers such as polyester, polypropylene,
polyurethane, polyethylene, polytetrafluorolene ("PTFE"), ultra
high molecular weight polyethylene ("UHMWPE"), ePTFE, and the
like.
[0052] Although particular embodiments have been described, it
should be recognized that these embodiments are merely illustrative
of the principles of the present invention. For example, it is
anticipated that the looped assemblies described herein may be
applicable in surgical procedures other than those described
herein. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the
embodiments described, and/or methods of making the embodiments of
the present invention may be constructed and implemented in other
ways. Accordingly, the description herein should not be read as
limiting the present invention, as other embodiments may also fall
within the scope of the present invention.
* * * * *