U.S. patent application number 16/186455 was filed with the patent office on 2019-10-10 for illumination devices with adjustable optical elements.
The applicant listed for this patent is Quarkstar LLC. Invention is credited to Wilson Dau, Louis Lerman, Andrew Tien-Man Ng, Ingo Speier, Hans Peter Stormberg.
Application Number | 20190309931 16/186455 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 50977053 |
Filed Date | 2019-10-10 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190309931 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ng; Andrew Tien-Man ; et
al. |
October 10, 2019 |
Illumination Devices with Adjustable Optical Elements
Abstract
Illumination devices with adjustable optical elements configured
to provide a variable illumination pattern of an area are
described. The adjustable optical elements of the illumination
devices can be traversed relative to a surface (e.g., a ceiling of
a room) to vary the light distribution and/or intensity to the
surface.
Inventors: |
Ng; Andrew Tien-Man;
(Vancouver, CA) ; Speier; Ingo; (Saanichton,
CA) ; Dau; Wilson; (Victoria, CA) ; Lerman;
Louis; (Las Vegas, NV) ; Stormberg; Hans Peter;
(Stolberg, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Quarkstar LLC |
Las Vegas |
NV |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
50977053 |
Appl. No.: |
16/186455 |
Filed: |
November 9, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15231644 |
Aug 8, 2016 |
10180240 |
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16186455 |
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14418194 |
Jan 29, 2015 |
9410680 |
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PCT/US2014/034555 |
Apr 17, 2014 |
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15231644 |
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61814145 |
Apr 19, 2013 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21V 23/06 20130101;
F21S 6/002 20130101; G02B 6/0096 20130101; F21V 7/0008 20130101;
F21S 8/026 20130101; F21V 19/02 20130101; G02B 6/003 20130101; G02B
27/30 20130101; G02B 6/0045 20130101; F21V 14/02 20130101; G02B
6/0023 20130101; F21V 14/04 20130101; F21V 13/04 20130101; G02B
6/0028 20130101; F21K 9/23 20160801; G02B 6/0055 20130101; F21Y
2103/10 20160801; F21V 7/0016 20130101; F21S 6/008 20130101; G02B
5/0278 20130101; F21S 6/007 20130101; G02B 6/0051 20130101; F21K
9/61 20160801; G02B 5/0284 20130101; F21Y 2115/10 20160801 |
International
Class: |
F21V 19/02 20060101
F21V019/02; F21V 8/00 20060101 F21V008/00; F21S 8/02 20060101
F21S008/02; G02B 27/30 20060101 G02B027/30; G02B 5/02 20060101
G02B005/02; F21V 7/00 20060101 F21V007/00; F21V 14/04 20060101
F21V014/04; F21K 9/23 20060101 F21K009/23; F21V 23/06 20060101
F21V023/06; F21S 6/00 20060101 F21S006/00; F21V 13/04 20060101
F21V013/04; F21V 14/02 20060101 F21V014/02 |
Claims
1. A luminaire comprising: a housing having an opening extending
along a path within a first plane; a luminaire module extending
along the path and configured to provide light during operation;
and an adjustable mount comprising multiple bolts and multiple
mating portions, and movably coupling the luminaire module with the
housing in a forward direction perpendicular to the first plane,
the mating portions arranged in multiple rows perpendicular to the
first plane, mating portions of each row arranged to engage with
one of the bolts; wherein axes of the bolts are arranged parallel
to the first plane, the bolts and mating portions are arranged
along the housing and are configured to releasably engage and allow
different positions of the luminaire module along the forward
direction.
2. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the adjustable mount is
configured to retain the LEEs on a first side of the first plane
and the optical extractor opposite of the first plane relative to
the LEEs.
3. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the bolts are movable along
their axes between depressed and protruding positions and are
resiliently biased in the protruding positions via springs to
engage corresponding mating portions and releasably secure the
luminaire module in place.
4. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the luminaire module has an
elongate extension within a second plane perpendicular to the first
plane and all bolts are arranged on one side of the second plane
along the extension of the luminaire module.
5. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the mating portions are
openings provided by the housing.
6. The luminaire of claim 5, wherein the openings are elongated
parallel to the first plane.
7. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the adjustable mount comprises
slides affixed to the luminaire module and rails affixed to the
housing, the slides and rails arranged to engage one another with
predetermined tolerances to avoid jamming of the luminaire module
when sliding between the different positions.
8. The luminaire of claim 1 further comprising means for limiting
movement of the luminaire module relative to the housing.
9. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the luminaire module
comprises: a plurality of light-emitting elements (LEEs) arranged
parallel to the path, a light guide having side surfaces extending
from an input edge to an output edge, the input edge arranged
parallel to the first plane and optically coupled with the LEEs,
the light guide configured to guide light received from the LEEs
from the input edge to the output edge, the output edge spaced
apart from the input edge in the forward direction, and an optical
extractor optically coupled with and extending along the output
edge of the light guide, the extractor configured to output light
along its extension in predetermined directions into the
environment relative to the forward direction.
10. The luminaire of claim 9, wherein the bolts are arranged
adjacent one of the side surfaces of the light guide.
11. The luminaire of claim 9, wherein the luminaire module further
comprises a rail configured to register the LEEs with the light
guide and provide optical coupling, and wherein the adjustable
mount is affixed to the rail.
12. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the LEEs are arranged in a
third plane and the bolts are arranged between the third plane and
the first plane.
13. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the
luminaire module is configured to extend through the opening of the
housing.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation application of and claims
priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/231,644, filed Aug. 8,
2016, which is a continuation and claims priority to U.S.
application Ser. No. 14/418,194, filed Jan. 29, 2015 (now U.S. Pat.
No. 9,410,680), which is a U.S. National Stage of International
Application No. PCT/US2014/034555, filed Apr. 17, 2014, which
claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119(e)(1) of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/814,145, filed on Apr. 19, 2013, the entire
contents of which is incorporated by reference herein.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to illumination devices with
adjustable optical elements to provide a variable illumination
pattern.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Light sources are used in a variety of applications, such as
providing general illumination and providing light for electronic
displays (e.g., LCDs). Historically, incandescent light sources
have been widely used for general illumination purposes.
Incandescent light sources produce light by heating a filament wire
to a high temperature until it glows. The hot filament is protected
from oxidation in the air with a glass enclosure that is filled
with inert gas or evacuated. Incandescent light sources are
gradually being replaced in many applications by other types of
electric lights, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent
lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity
discharge lamps, and solid state light sources, such as
light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to illumination devices with
adjustable optical elements for providing variable illumination
patterns, e.g., on a ceiling, walls, and/or a floor of a room. The
position of the optical elements can be adjusted relative to a
background area to which the adjustable illumination device can be
mounted (e.g., a ceiling of a room) to vary the directionality of
the light and/or the intensity of the light at the background area.
While a variety of form factors are possible, in certain
embodiments the ceiling-mounted devices may have low profiles. In
certain embodiments, adjustable illumination devices may be
suitable for retrofitting into existing light fixtures, such as
existing recessed ceiling lights (e.g., cans or troffers). In some
embodiments, the adjustable illumination devices may be floor lamps
or desk lamps.
[0005] Accordingly, various aspects of the invention are summarized
as follows.
[0006] In a general aspect 1, an illumination device comprises: a
housing; an adjustable mount attached to the housing; and a
luminaire module coupled to the housing via the adjustable mount,
the luminaire module comprising: one or more light-emitting
elements (LEEs) disposed on one or more substrates and adapted to
emit light; one or more primary optics positioned to receive a
portion of the light emitted by the LEEs and adapted to at least
partially collimate the received light; and a secondary optic
adapted to receive light from the one or more primary optics, the
secondary optic having at least one redirecting surface, the at
least one redirecting surface being adapted to reflect at least a
portion of the light received at the secondary optic, wherein at
least a portion of the luminaire module is recessed within the
housing and the adjustable mount allows variable positioning of the
secondary optic relative to the housing.
[0007] Aspect 2 according to aspect 1, wherein the housing
comprises an opening and adjusting the position of the secondary
optic relative to the housing comprises adjusting a position
between the secondary optic and the opening.
[0008] Aspect 3 according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the
housing comprises a mounting structure adapted to mount the
illumination device in a ceiling so that varying the position of
the illumination device relative to the housing varies a distance
between the secondary optic and the ceiling.
[0009] Aspect 4 according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the
adjustable mount comprises an electro-mechanical actuator adapted
to move the luminaire module relative to the housing.
[0010] Aspect 5 according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the
adjustable mount is a manually adjustable mount.
[0011] Aspect 6 according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the
luminaire module further comprises: a light guide optically coupled
at an input end of the light guide with the one or more primary
optics, the light guide shaped to guide light received from the one
or more primary optics to an output end of the light guide and
provide guided light at the output end of the light guide, wherein
the output end of the light guide is optically coupled to the
secondary optic.
[0012] Aspect 7 according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the
light guide has an elongated configuration.
[0013] Aspect 8 according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the
secondary optic has an elongated configuration.
[0014] Aspect 9 according to any one of aspects 6 to 9, wherein the
secondary optic comprises one or more output surfaces, and wherein
the secondary optic directs light from the light guide towards the
one or more output surfaces of the secondary optic.
[0015] Aspect 10 according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, wherein
one or more of the at least one redirecting surface is at least
partially reflective for light received from the one or more
primary optics.
[0016] Aspect 11 according to aspect 10, wherein one or more of the
at least one redirecting surface is partially transmissive for the
light received from the one or more primary optics.
[0017] Aspect 12 according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein
one or more of the at least one redirecting surface reflects
substantially all of the light received from the one or more
primary optics.
[0018] Aspect 13 according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, further
comprising a stand for supporting the housing during operation of
the illumination device, preferably wherein the stand is a floor
stand or a desk stand.
[0019] Aspect 14 according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein
the housing comprises a connector for connecting the illumination
device to an Edison screw light socket or other standard light
socket (e.g., a lamp mount defined in American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) publications: ANSI C81.61, ANSI C81.62, ANSI
C81.63, or ANSI C81.64 and/or in the following International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) publications: IEC 60061-1, IEC
60061-2, IEC 60061-3, or IEC 60061-4).
[0020] Aspect 15 according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein
the adjustable mount is adapted to translate the luminaire module
relative to the connector.
[0021] Aspect 16 according to any one of aspects 1 to 15, wherein
the adjustable mount is adapted to rotate the luminaire module
relative to the connector.
[0022] Aspect 17 according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein
the illumination device is sized to attach to a recessed can
ceiling fixture.
[0023] Aspect 18 according to any one of aspects 1 to 17, wherein
the one or more light-emitting elements are operatively disposed on
the one or more substrates and are configured to emit light in a
first angular range, wherein the one or more primary optics are
optically coupled with the portion of the light emitted by the LEEs
and wherein the one or more primary optics are configured to direct
light in a second angular range, a divergence of the second angular
range being smaller than a divergence of the first angular
range.
[0024] Aspect 19 according to any one of aspects 1 to 18, wherein
the housing includes a mounting assembly that is configured to
mount the illumination device in a ceiling so that varying the
position of the illumination device relative to the housing varies
a distance between the secondary optic and the ceiling.
[0025] Aspect 20 according to any one of aspects 1 to 19, wherein
the redirecting surface is at least partially reflective for light
received from the one or more primary optics. For example, the
redirecting surface can reflect about 50% or more (e.g., about 60%
or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more)
of incident light over at least a range (e.g., 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,
90% or more of the energy spectrum) of visible wavelengths.
[0026] Aspect 21 according to any one of aspects 1 to 19, the
redirecting surface reflects substantially all of the light
received from the one or more primary optics. For example, the
redirecting surface can reflect about 95% or more (e.g., about 97%
or more, about 98% or more, 99% or more) of incident light over at
least a range (e.g., 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more of the energy
spectrum) of visible wavelengths.
[0027] Aspect 21 according to any one of aspects 1 to 20, wherein
the redirecting surface is partially transmissive for the light
received from the one or more primary optics. For example, the
redirecting surface can transmit about 5% or more (e.g., about 10%
or more, about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more,
about 50% or more, about 60% or more) of incident light over at
least a range (e.g., 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or more of the energy
spectrum) of visible wavelengths.
[0028] Among other advantages, embodiments of the present invention
include improvements in space illumination. For example,
embodiments can feature an adjustable illumination device that is
adapted to provide varying illumination of one or more target areas
(e.g., ceiling and/or floor,) by adjusting the position of a
luminaire module included with the illumination device relative to
the target area(s). As such, target areas of varying size may be
illuminated indirectly via a ceiling or a wall by adjusting
distances between luminaire modules and the ceilings/walls within a
range of motion of the luminaire modules. Furthermore, illumination
devices can be configured to illuminate one or more portions of
ceilings and/or walls with certain uniformity within the range of
motion depending on the distance between the luminaire modules and
the ceilings/walls. As such, illumination from an illumination
device can be adjusted to extend across a desired portion of the
size of a ceiling or a wall and thereby fit needs of illumination
of different sized rooms.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing three adjustable
illumination devices with luminaire modules at different positions
relative to a ceiling.
[0030] FIG. 1B is a polar plot of an example of an intensity
profile of an adjustable illumination device.
[0031] FIG. 1C is a polar plot of another exemplary intensity
profile of an adjustable illumination device.
[0032] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an example of a luminaire
module.
[0033] FIGS. 2B-2G are schematic diagrams showing embodiments of an
aspect of the luminaire module shown in FIG. 2A.
[0034] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an example of an
adjustable illumination device with a solid luminaire module.
[0035] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an example of an
adjustable illumination device with a hollow luminaire module.
[0036] FIG. 5 is a polar plot of another exemplary intensity
profile corresponding to an adjustable illumination device.
[0037] FIGS. 6A-6D show an example of an adjustable illumination
device with a fully extended luminaire module and corresponding
illumination profiles.
[0038] FIGS. 7A-7D show an example of an adjustable illumination
with a partially extended luminaire module and corresponding
illumination profiles.
[0039] FIGS. 8A-8D show an example of an adjustable illumination
with a fully retracted luminaire module and corresponding
illumination profiles.
[0040] FIGS. 9A-9B are perspective views of an example of an
adjustable illumination device with an in-ceiling mounting
structure.
[0041] FIGS. 10A-10C are perspective views of an example of an
adjustable illumination device that includes a base for connecting
to an Edison socket.
[0042] FIGS. 11A-11C are perspective views of an adjustable
illumination device mounted in an existing recess fixture.
[0043] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of another example of a
solid embodiment of an adjustable illumination device.
[0044] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an example of an adjustable
illumination device configured as a desk lamp or floor lamp.
[0045] Reference numbers and designations in the various drawings
indicate exemplary aspects of implementations of particular
features of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0046] The present disclosure relates to adjustable illumination
devices configured to illuminate a target area, e.g., a floor of a
room, a garage, etc. The adjustable illumination devices include
light emitting elements (LEEs, such as, e.g., light emitting
diodes, LEDs) and optics that are configured to provide direct
illumination of the target area and indirect illumination towards a
background area, e.g., away from the target area. In general,
"direct" illumination refers to illumination that propagates
directly from a luminaire module to the target area, while
"indirect" illumination refers to illumination that reflects (e.g.,
diffusely reflects) from another surface, for example a ceiling,
before illuminating the target area. In some implementations, the
adjustable illumination device is configured to allow
interdependent as well as independent control of the direct and
indirect illuminations by a user.
[0047] The LEEs and optics are arranged as a rigid assembly that is
adjustably attached to a housing allowing repositioning of the
optics relative to the housing. However, the ceiling, floor, or
other optical element positioned to receive light from the LEEs and
optics remains fixed (hereinafter "fixed surface") with respect to
the housing so that repositioning the LEEs and moveable optics
changes the illumination at the fixed surface. In the context of
this application "repositioning" or "variable positioning" of the
secondary optic may be understood as changing (e.g., increasing or
decreasing) the distance (e.g., by translation) between the
secondary optic and the housing, changing (e.g., tilting) the angle
between the optical axis of the luminaire module and the ceiling or
floor of a room, and/or rotating (e.g., clockwise or
counter-clockwise) the secondary optic with respect to the optical
axis of the luminaire module. The "adjustable mount" may
correspondingly be understood as a translational mount, a rotatable
mount and/or a tiltable mount. In exemplary embodiments, the
rotation of the secondary optic or luminaire module may be
0-10.degree., preferable 0-20.degree., more preferably
0-30.degree., even more preferably 0-40.degree., most preferably
0-90.degree.. In exemplary embodiments, the translation of the
secondary optic or luminaire module may be 0-50 cm, preferably 0-30
cm, more preferably 1-30 cm, even more preferably 1-20 cm. In
exemplary embodiments, the angular tilt of the secondary optic or
luminaire module may be 0-10.degree., preferable 0-20.degree., more
preferably 0-30.degree., even more preferably 0-45.degree..
[0048] This principle is illustrated in FIG. 1A, which
schematically shows three adjustable illumination devices 100-1,
100-2, and 100-3 mounted to a ceiling 180 of a room and configured
to illuminate the room. Light output from the adjustable
illumination devices 100-1, 100-2, and 100-3 occurs at different
distances from ceiling 180. A Cartesian coordinate system is shown
for reference. The x-y plane is parallel to the ceiling 180 and a
floor 190 (e.g., a floor or a desk,) while the z-axis is
perpendicular to both. In general, each adjustable illumination
device includes one or more light emitting elements (LEEs, such as,
e.g., light emitting diodes (LEDs)) configured to emit light and a
redirecting optic. In some implementations, the redirection optic
is also referred to as secondary optic.
[0049] Depending on the embodiment, the adjustable illumination
device is configured to redirect the emitted light as output light
in one or more direct angular ranges 262 and one or more indirect
angular ranges 162, 162', for example, on one or more sides or in
one or more corners of a ceiling of a room. In this manner, the
adjustable illumination devices 100-1, 100-2, 100-3 are configured
to provide direct illumination of the area (in accordance with the
one or more direct angular ranges 262), and indirect illumination
towards the ceiling 180 (as illustrated by the indirect angular
distributions 162, 162'). While the target area in FIG. 1A is the
floor 190, more generally, the target area can be a workspace, a
desk, a floor, or other target area. Rays 152 and 152' encompass
the direct angular range 262. For indirect angular ranges, such as
angular ranges 162, 162', for example, the prevalent direction of
the angular ranges are indicated by arrows.
[0050] In this example, a secondary optic 140 of each adjustable
illumination device is positioned at a different distance from the
ceiling 180: secondary optic 140 of the adjustable illumination
device 100-1 is located at a distance H1 from the ceiling 180;
secondary optic 140 of the adjustable illumination device 100-2 is
located at a distance H2 from the ceiling 180 (H2>H1); and
secondary optic 140 of the adjustable illumination device 100-3 is
located at a distance H3 from the ceiling 180 (H3>H2.) In some
embodiments, the distance of the secondary optics to the ceiling
can be 5 cm or more, 10 cm or more, 15 cm or more, or 20 cm or
more. For each illumination device these distances are adjustable
as described in detail below.
[0051] The distance of the secondary optics from the ceiling 180
can affect the forward and/or backward illumination distribution of
the adjustable illumination device. In particular, the size of the
illuminated area of the floor 190 and the ceiling 180 depends on
the relative position of the secondary optic 140 with respect to
the ceiling 180. For example, the adjustable illumination device
100-1 with a fully retracted luminaire module provides the largest
area of direct illumination and the smallest area of indirect
illumination, whereas the adjustable illumination device 100-3 with
a fully extended luminaire module provides the smallest area of
direct illumination and the largest area of indirect illumination.
In some embodiments, the secondary optic is fixed with respect to
the LEEs, therefore, the secondary optic and LEEs together move
relative to the ceiling.
[0052] In general, the illumination distribution provided by each
adjustable illumination device varies depending on the optical
design of the device and the distance of secondary optic 140 from
ceiling 180. Accordingly, adjustable illumination devices 100-1,
100-2, and 100-3 can be configured to provide a particular light
intensity distribution on a target area, subject to given
constraints. For example, the adjustable illumination devices
100-1, 100-2, and 100-3 can be configured to substantially
uniformly illuminate the floor 190 (e.g., to obtain approximately
10% overlap between each of the adjacent direct angular ranges at
the floor level, thereby providing continuous illumination of the
floor with little variation in intensity) or focus the direct
illumination on respective target areas. The adjustable
illumination devices can be configured to be in conformance with
glare standards (e.g., light redirected towards the floor 190 in
any of the direct angular range 262 does not exceed a glancing
angle of 40.degree. with respect to the z-axis.) The adjustable
illumination devices 100-1, 100-2, and 100-3 can be configured to
maintain glare standards desired of traditional illumination
systems (not illustrated).
[0053] Such configurations of the adjustable illumination devices
can be implemented by selecting appropriate combinations of system
parameters including (i) direct angular range 262 of direct light
output by the adjustable illumination devices 100-1, 100-2, and
100-3; (ii) indirect angular ranges 162, 162' of indirect light
output by the adjustable illumination devices 100-1, 100-2, and
100-3; (iii) distance between nearest adjustable illumination
devices 100-1, 100-2, and 100-3, e.g., about 6 ft or more, about 10
ft or more, about 15 ft or more, about 24 ft; and (iv) distance H
from the ceiling 180 to an effective center of the adjustable
illumination devices 100-1, 100-2, and 100-3.
[0054] As shorthand, the positive z-direction is referred to herein
as the "forward" direction and the negative z-direction is the
"backward" direction. Sections through the illumination devices
parallel to the x-z plane are referred to as the "cross-section" or
"cross-sectional plane" of the illumination device.
[0055] FIG. 1B shows, for the x-z plane, an example light intensity
profile 151 of an adjustable illumination device, such as
adjustable illumination devices 100-1, 100-2, and 100-3. The
intensity profile 151 includes four lobes 152a, 152b, 162a, and
162b. Depending on the embodiment, a distinction between lobes 152a
and 152b may be notional as both may be superimposed, for example,
and appear indistinguishable from each other. The result may be
similar to what is described with respect to FIG. 1C. Here, the
adjustable illumination device is configured to direct
substantially all of the indirect (background) light 162a, 162b
into a range of polar angles between -90.degree. and -110.degree.,
and between +90.degree. and +110.degree. in a cross-sectional plane
(x-z) of the adjustable illumination device. The adjustable
illumination device is also configured to direct substantially all
of the forward (e.g., direct) light into a pair of narrow lobes
152a, 152b having a range of polar angles having maximum intensity
at -50.degree. and +50.degree. in the x-z cross-sectional plane,
respectively. Lobes 152a, 152b of the light intensity profile 151
correspond to direct angular ranges and lobes 162a, 162b correspond
to indirect angular ranges.
[0056] FIG. 1C shows another example light intensity profile 153
from an adjustable illumination device 100. Here, intensity profile
153 includes lobes 162a and 162b having maximal intensity at
-100.degree. and +100.degree., respectively. These lobes correspond
to indirect illumination. Intensity profile 153 also includes a
single lobe 154 in the forward direction, providing illumination in
an angular range from about -60.degree. to +60.degree..
[0057] In general, light emitting in the forward direction (e.g.,
lobes 152a, 152b, or lobe 154) may be within a range between about
-50.degree. and about +50.degree. (e.g., from about -60.degree. and
about +60.degree., from about -70.degree. and about +70.degree.) in
order to reduce glare from the adjustable illumination device.
[0058] As described in detail below, composition and geometry of
components of the adjustable illumination device affect the light
intensity profile and may be selected to provide direct and
indirect illumination into ranges having varying angular width and
direction.
[0059] FIG. 2A shows an example of a luminaire module 200. The
luminaire module 200 includes a mount 210 having a plurality of
LEEs 212 distributed along a first surface 210a of the mount 210.
The luminaire module 200 includes primary optics 220 (e.g., optical
couplers corresponding to the LEEs 212), a light guide 230, and
secondary optics 240 (e.g., an optical extractor.) Light emitted by
the LEEs 212 couples into the light guide 230 (either directly or
upon reflection by surfaces 221 and 222 of primary optics 220) and
is guided by the light guide 230 to secondary optics 240.
[0060] In secondary optics 240, the light is incident on surfaces
242 and 244, where part of the light is reflected in angular ranges
138, 138' and part of the light is transmitted in angular range
262. The reflected light exits the secondary optics 240 through
surfaces 246, 248. The direct illumination of luminaire module 200
corresponds to light output in the angular range 262, and the
indirect illumination corresponds to light output in angular ranges
142, 142'. In some embodiments, luminaire modules can be configured
to output light in forward direction in an angular range
qualitatively similar to angular range 154 of FIG. 1C, for
example.
[0061] In this example, luminaire module 200 extends along the
y-direction, so this direction is referred to as the "longitudinal"
direction of the luminaire module. Lastly, implementations of
luminaire modules can have a plane of symmetry parallel to the y-z
plane. This is referred to as the "symmetry plane" of the luminaire
module.
[0062] Mount 210, the light guide 230, and the secondary optic 240
extend a length L along the y-direction, so that the luminaire
module is an elongated luminaire module with an elongation of L
that may be about parallel to a wall of a room (e.g., a ceiling of
the room). Generally, L can vary as desired. Typically, L is in a
range from about 1 cm to about 200 cm (e.g., 20 cm or more, 30 cm
or more, 40 cm or more, 50 cm or more, 60 cm or more, 70 cm or
more, 80 cm or more, 100 cm or more, 125 cm or more, or, 150 cm or
more).
[0063] The number of LEEs 212 on the mount 210 will generally
depend, inter alia, on the length L, for example, more LEEs may be
used for longer luminaire modules. In some implementations, a
luminaire module may include as few as about 10 LEEs or as many as
about 1,000 LEEs or more (e.g., about 50 LEEs, about 100 LEEs,
about 200 LEEs, about 500 LEEs). Generally, the density of LEEs
(e.g., number of LEEs per unit length) will also depend on the
nominal power of the LEEs and luminance desired from the luminaire
module. For example, a relatively high density of LEEs can be used
in applications where high luminance is desired or where low power
LEEs are used. In some implementations, the luminaire module 200
has an LEE density along its length of 0.1 LEE per centimeter or
more (e.g., 0.2 per centimeter or more, 0.5 per centimeter or more,
1 per centimeter or more, 2 per centimeter or more). In some
implementations, LEEs can be evenly spaced along the length, L, of
the luminaire module. In some implementations, a heat-sink 205 can
be attached to the mount 210 to extract heat emitted by the
plurality of LEEs 212. The heat-sink 205 can be disposed on a
surface of the mount 210 opposing the side of the mount 210 on
which the LEEs 212 are disposed.
[0064] The primary optics 220 include one or more solid pieces of
transparent optical material (e.g., a glass material or a
transparent organic plastic, such as polycarbonate or acrylic)
having surfaces 221 and 222 positioned to reflect light from the
LEEs 212 towards the light guide 230. In general, surfaces 221 and
222 are shaped to collect and at least partially collimate light
emitted from the LEEs. In the x-z cross-sectional plane, surfaces
221 and 222 can be straight or curved. Examples of curved surfaces
include surfaces having a constant radius of curvature, parabolic
or hyperbolic shapes. In some implementations, surfaces 221 and 222
are coated with a highly reflective material (e.g., with
reflectivities exceeding 80% or 90% of the visible light spectrum
such as a reflective metal, e.g. aluminum or silver), to provide a
highly reflective optical interface. The cross-sectional profile of
primary optics 220 can be uniform along the length L of luminaire
module 200. Alternatively, the cross-sectional profile can vary.
For example, surfaces 221 and/or 222 can be curved out of the x-z
plane.
[0065] The surface of the primary optics 220 adjacent to an upper
edge 231 of the light guide 230 is optically coupled to the edge
231. In some embodiments, the surfaces of the interface are
attached using a material that substantially matches the refractive
index of the material forming the primary optics 220 or light guide
230 or both. For example, the primary optics 220 can be affixed to
the light guide 230 using an index matching fluid, grease, or
adhesive. In some implementations, the primary optics 220 are fused
to the light guide 230 or they are integrally formed from a single
piece of material (e.g., coupler and light guide may be monolithic
and may be made of a solid transparent optical material).
[0066] In general, primary optics 220 are designed to restrict the
angular range of light entering the light guide 230 (e.g., to
within +/-40 degrees) so that at least a substantial amount of the
light is coupled into spatial modes in the light guide 230 that
undergoes TIR at the side surfaces of the light guide. The example
light guide 230 has a uniform thickness T, which is the distance
separating two planar opposing surfaces of the light guide.
Generally, T is sufficiently large so the light guide has an
aperture at an upper edge 231 sufficiently large to approximately
match (or exceed) the aperture of primary optics 220. In some
implementations, T is in a range from about 0.05 cm to about 2 cm
(e.g., about 0.1 cm or more, about 0.2 cm or more, about 0.5 cm or
more, about 0.8 cm or more, about 1 cm or more, about 1.5 cm or
more). Depending on the implementation, the narrower the light
guide the better it may spatially mix light. A narrow light guide
also provides a narrow exit aperture. As such light emitted from
the light guide can be considered to resemble the light emitted
from a one-dimensional linear light source, also referred to as an
elongate virtual filament.
[0067] The light guide 230 can be formed from a piece of
transparent material (e.g., glass material such as BK7, fused
silica or quartz glass, or a transparent organic plastic, such as
polycarbonate or acrylic) that can be the same or different from
the material forming the primary optics 220. The example light
guide 230 extends length L in the y-direction, has a uniform
thickness T in the x-direction, and a uniform depth D in the
z-direction. The dimensions D and T are generally selected based on
the desired optical properties of the light guide and/or the
direct/indirect intensity distribution. During operation, light
coupled into the light guide 230 from the primary optics 220
(depicted by angular range 252) reflects off the planar surfaces of
the light guide by total internal reflection and spatially mixes
within the light guide. The mixing can help achieve illuminance
and/or color uniformity at the output end 232 of the light guide
230 at the secondary optic 240. The depth, D, of the light guide
230 can be selected to achieve adequate uniformity at the exit
aperture (i.e., at output end 232) of the light guide. In some
implementations, D is in a range from about 1 cm to about 20 cm
(e.g., 2 cm or more, 4 cm or more, 6 cm or more, 8 cm or more, 10
cm or more, 12 cm or more).
[0068] While in this example, the primary optics 220 and the light
guide 230 are formed from solid pieces of transparent optical
material, hollow structures are also possible. For example, the
primary optics 220 or the light guide 230 or both may be hollow
with reflective inner surfaces rather than being solid. As such
material cost can be reduced and absorption in the light guide
avoided. A number of specular reflective materials may be suitable
for this purpose including materials such as 3M Vikuiti.TM. or Miro
IV.TM. sheet from Alanod Corporation where greater than 90% of the
incident light would be efficiently guided to the secondary
optic.
[0069] The surface of secondary optics 240 adjacent to the output
end 232 of light guide 230 is optically coupled to the output end
232. For example, secondary optics 240 can be affixed to light
guide 230 using an index matching fluid, grease, or adhesive. In
some implementations, secondary optics 240 are fused to light guide
230 or they are integrally formed from a single piece of
material.
[0070] The secondary optics 240 is also composed of a solid piece
of transparent optical material (e.g., a glass material or a
transparent organic plastic, such as polycarbonate or acrylic) that
can be the same as or different from the material forming the light
guide 230. In the example implementation shown in FIG. 2A, the
piece of dielectric material includes redirecting (e.g., flat)
surfaces 242 and 244 and curved surfaces 246 and 248. The flat
surfaces 242 and 244 represent first and second portions of a
redirecting surface 243, while the curved surfaces 246 and 248
represent first and second output surfaces of the luminaire module
200.
[0071] Surfaces 242 and 244 are coated with a highly reflective
material (e.g., with reflectivities exceeding 80% or 90% of the
visible light spectrum, e.g. a highly reflective metal, such as
aluminum or silver) over which a protective coating may be
disposed. Thus, surfaces 242 and 244 provide a highly reflective
optical interface for light entering an input end of the secondary
optics from light guide 230. The surfaces 242 and 244 include
portions that are transparent to the light entering at the input
end of the secondary optics. For example, these portions can be
uncoated regions or discontinuities (e.g., slots, slits, apertures)
of the surfaces 242 and 244. The transmitted light exits the
secondary optics 240 through surfaces 242 and 244 in angular range
262. The transmitted light also may also be refracted.
[0072] In the x-z cross-sectional plane, the lines corresponding to
surfaces 242 and 244 have the same length and form an apex or
vertex 241, e.g., a v-shape that meets at the apex 241. In general,
an included angle (e.g., the smallest included angle between the
surfaces 244 and 242) of the redirecting surfaces 242, 244 can vary
as desired. For example, in some implementations, the included
angle can be relatively small (e.g., from 30.degree. to
60.degree.). In certain implementations, the included angle is in a
range from 60.degree. to 120.degree. (e.g., about 90.degree.). The
included angle can also be relatively large (e.g., in a range from
120.degree. to 150.degree. or more).
[0073] In the example implementation shown in FIG. 2A, the output
surfaces 246 and 248 of the secondary optic 240 are curved with a
constant radius of curvature that is the same for both.
Accordingly, luminaire module 200 has a plane of symmetry
intersecting apex 241 parallel to the y-z plane. Because surfaces
246 and 248 are curved, they may serve to focus light (e.g., reduce
the amount of divergence of the light) reflected by redirecting
surfaces 242 and 244.
[0074] In general, the geometry of the secondary optics 240 plays a
role in shaping the lobes of light emitted by the adjustable
illumination device. For example, the smaller the angle at apex
241, the lower the angle of incidence the reflected light will have
and the smaller the angle of its deflection. Accordingly, the
vertex angle can be used to provide the desired direction of the
lobes of indirect light emitted by the adjustable illumination
device. The emission spectrum of the luminaire module 200
corresponds to the emission spectrum of the LEEs 212. However, in
some implementations, a wavelength-conversion material may be
positioned in the luminaire module, for example remote from the
LEEs, so that the wavelength spectrum of the luminaire module is
dependent both on the emission spectrum of the LEEs and the
composition of the wavelength-conversion material. In general, a
wavelength-conversion material can be placed in a variety of
different locations in the luminaire module 200. For example, a
wavelength-conversion material may be disposed proximate the LEEs
212, adjacent surfaces 242 and 244 of the secondary optic 240, on
the exit surfaces 246 and 248 of the secondary optic 240, placed at
a distance from the exit surfaces 246 and 248, and/or at other
locations.
[0075] In some embodiments, a layer of wavelength-conversion
material may be attached to light guide 230 held in place via a
suitable support structure (not illustrated), disposed within the
secondary optics (also not illustrated) or otherwise arranged, for
example. Wavelength-conversion material that is disposed within the
secondary optics may be configured as a shell or other object and
disposed within a notional area that is circumscribed by R/n or
even smaller R*(1+n.sup.2).sup.(-1/2), where R is the radius of
curvature of the light-exit surfaces (246 and 248 in FIG. 2A) of
the secondary optics and n is the index of refraction of the
portion of the secondary optics that is opposite of the
wavelength-conversion material as viewed from the reflective
surfaces (242 and 244 in FIG. 2A). The support structure may be a
transparent self-supporting structure. The light converting
material diffuses light as it converts the wavelengths, provides
mixing of the light and can help uniformly illuminate tertiary
reflectors (not shown in FIG. 2A).
[0076] As noted previously, the geometry of secondary optics 240
plays an important role in shaping the light emitted by the
adjustable illumination device. For instance, the shape of surfaces
242 and 244 may vary in accordance with the desired emission. While
surfaces 242 and 244 are depicted as planar surfaces, other shapes
are also possible. For example, these surfaces can be curved or
faceted. Curved redirecting surfaces 242 and 244 can be used to
narrow or widen the beam. Depending of the divergence of the
angular range of the light that is received at the input end of the
secondary optics, concave reflective surfaces 242, 244 can narrow
the light intensity distribution output by the secondary optics
240, while convex reflective surfaces 242, 244 can widen the light
intensity distribution output by the secondary optics 240. As such,
suitably configured redirecting surfaces 242, 244 may introduce
convergence or divergence into the light. Such surfaces can have a
constant radius of curvature, can be parabolic, hyperbolic, or have
some other curvature.
[0077] FIGS. 2B and 2D show redirecting surfaces 243-b and 243-d
having an apex 241 that separates the curved redirecting surface
242, 244. It should be noted that the apex 241 of the redirecting
surface can be a rounded vertex with a non-zero radius of
curvature. Here, the redirecting surface 242, 244 have arcuate
shapes in the cross-sectional plane substantially perpendicular to
the longitudinal dimension of the luminaire module 200. For
example, the first and second portions of the redirecting surface
242, 244 can be parabolic, hyperbolic, and/or can have constant
curvatures different from each other. Moreover, curvatures of the
first and second portions of the redirecting surface 242, 244 can
be both negative (e.g., convex with respect to a direction of
propagation of light from the input end of the secondary optics to
the redirecting surface), can be both positive (e.g., concave with
respect to the propagation direction), or one can be positive
(convex) and the other one can be negative (concave).
[0078] FIG. 2E shows a redirecting surface 243-e shaped as an arc
of a circle, ellipse, parabola or other curve. In this case, the
first and second portions of the redirecting surface 242, 244
represent first and second portions of the arc of the circle. The
curvature of the redirecting surface 243 is negative (e.g., convex
with respect to a direction of propagation of light from the input
end of the secondary optics to the redirecting surface 243).
[0079] FIG. 2C shows a redirecting surface 243-c that includes
faceted surfaces 242, 244. Here, the surfaces meet at apex 241.
Additionally, the facets forming surface 242 meet at an apex 2444
while the facets forming surface 242 meet at an apex 2411. The
facets of each surface can have linear or arcuate shapes. Moreover,
the facets may be arranged to reflect the light received from the
input end of the secondary optics in different angular sub-ranges.
In this manner, light provided by the different facets of each of
the surfaces 242 and 244 is output at the output surfaces 246 and
248, respectively, as two intensity lobes that can be manipulated
differently, e.g., to illuminate different targets.
[0080] FIG. 2F shows a redirecting surface 243-f where the
redirecting surfaces 242 and 244 are separated by a slot 245, in
general a suitably formed aperture. Slot 245 corresponds to a gap
in the reflective material at the surface and allows for light to
be transmitted in a forward direction out of the secondary optics.
In general, the width of the slot 245 may vary as desired, in
accordance with the desired proportion of light to be transmitted
by the secondary optics.
[0081] FIG. 2G shows a redirecting surface 243-g in which surface
242 includes a slot 2455' and surface 244 includes a slot 2455''.
Such slots may represent an opening in a coating providing a
reflecting layer of the redirecting surface 243-g and allows
transmission of at least some (e.g., about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% or
more) of the light received from the light guide.
[0082] For redirecting surfaces 243-f and 243-g, each slot may
extend along the entire longitudinal extension of the luminaire
module 200. Alternatively, redirecting surfaces may include
multiple slots each extending a fraction of the length of the
module. Moreover, while embodiments showing a single slot and two
slots (in a cross-section) are illustrated, it will be appreciated
that any number of slots may be included depending on the desired
transmission properties of the secondary optics. Furthermore,
embodiments may feature additional optical elements located at the
slots to shape the transmitted light. For example, secondary optics
may include focusing or defocusing elements, diffusing elements,
and/or diffractive elements that provide additional light shaping
to the light transmitted by the slots.
[0083] In addition, the curves corresponding to each of the
cross-sectional planes illustrated in FIGS. 2B-2G can have
different shapes and different discontinuities in other
cross-sectional planes along the longitudinal dimension of the
luminaire module 200. In general, different cross-sections of a
redirecting surface 243 can have different combinations of disjoint
or joined piecewise differentiable curves.
[0084] In the examples illustrated in FIGS. 2F-2G, the luminaire
module 200 can be used in an adjustable illumination device, where
direct illumination corresponds to light output through the
transparent portions of the redirecting surface 243-f or 243-g, and
indirect illumination corresponds to light output through surfaces
246/248 of the luminaire module 200, as described below in
connection with FIGS. 3-4, for example.
[0085] In some embodiments, it is also possible to use redirecting
surfaces that do not include slots in the reflective layer to
provide both direct and indirect light as shown in FIGS. 3-4. For
example, rather than providing a highly-reflective layer on the
redirecting surface, a partially-reflecting layer may instead be
used (e.g., a partially-silvered surface). In this way, the
redirecting surface (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 2B-2E) acts as a
beam splitter rather than a mirror, and transmits a desired portion
of incident light, while reflecting the remaining light. In certain
embodiments, additional optical layers may be included adjacent the
partially-reflecting layer that can further shape the transmitted
light. For example, a diffusing layer may be included.
Alternatively, or additionally, a lens or lens array may be
included (e.g., such as a micro-structured film composed of
lenticular lenses or prisms).
[0086] In the examples illustrated in FIGS. 2B-2E, where a highly
reflective material is included at the redirecting surface, light
is output from the secondary optics 240 of the luminaire module 200
only through surfaces 246/248. In this case, luminaire module 200
can be used as a component of the adjustable illumination device
100, where the output light is further redirected by tertiary
reflectors (not shown) to provide direct illumination.
[0087] Moreover, the shape of the output surfaces 246 and 248 of
the secondary optic 240 can vary as well, and thus, the surfaces
246 and 248 can steer and shape the beam of light. For example, the
radius of curvature of these surfaces can be selected so that the
surfaces introduce a desired amount of convergence into the light.
Aspheric surfaces can also be used. Similar properties noted above
in connection with FIGS. 2B-2G regarding contours of the
redirecting surface of the secondary optic 240 in cross-sectional
planes substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of
the luminaire module 200 apply to contours of the output surfaces
246, 248 of the secondary optics 240 in such cross-sectional
planes.
[0088] In general, choices of redirecting surfaces described in
FIGS. 2B-2G can provide an additional degree of freedom for
modifying the (direct or indirect or both) intensity distribution
(e.g., illumination pattern) of the light output by the adjustable
illumination devices. In general, the luminaire modules 200, direct
secondary reflectors, indirect optics, the arrangement of indirect
and direct LEEs with respect to a mount of an adjustable
illumination device, and the first and second apexes may be
iteratively modified in their spatial position and/or optical
properties (spatial shape of reflective surfaces, index of
refraction of solid material, spectrum of emitted or guided light,
etc.) to provide a predetermined direct and/or indirect
illumination distribution.
[0089] In general, the geometry of the elements can be established
using a variety of methods.
[0090] For example, the geometry can be established empirically.
Alternatively, or additionally, the geometry can be established
using optical simulation software, such as Lighttools.TM.,
Tracepro.TM., FRED.TM. or Zemax.TM., for example.
[0091] In general, the luminaire modules can include other features
useful for tailoring the intensity profile. For example, in some
implementations, luminaire modules can include an optically
diffusing material and/or structure that scatters light, which can
be configured to homogenize the luminaire module's intensity
profile to predetermined degrees. For example, surfaces 242 and 244
can have an engineered roughness or interface structure or include
a diffusely reflecting material, rather than a specular reflective
material, and/or a coat can be applied to these surfaces.
Accordingly, the optical interfaces at surfaces 242 and 244 can
diffusely reflect light, and/or scatter light into broader lobes
that would be provided by similar structures utilizing specular
reflection at these interfaces. In some implementations, these
surfaces can include structure that facilitates various intensity
distributions. For example, surfaces 242 and 244 can each have
multiple planar facets at differing orientations. Accordingly, each
facet will reflect light into different directions. In some
implementations, surfaces 242 and 244 can have structure thereon
(e.g., structural features that scatter or diffract light).
[0092] In certain implementations, a light scattering material can
be disposed on surfaces 246 and 248 of secondary optics 240 (e.g.,
surfaces 246 and 248 can have an engineered roughness or include a
layer of a diffusely transmitting material). Alternatively, or
additionally, surfaces 246 and 248 need not be surfaces having a
constant radius of curvature. For example, surfaces 246 and 248 can
include portions having differing curvature and/or can have
structure thereon (e.g., structural features that scatter or
diffract light).
[0093] FIG. 3 schematically shows an adjustable illumination device
300 mounted to a ceiling 180. In this example, the adjustable
illumination device 300 includes a solid embodiment of the
luminaire module 200 described above in connection with FIG. 2A and
the position of the luminaire module 200 can be adjusted relative
to the ceiling 180. In some implementations, the adjustable
illumination device 300 is elongated along the y-axis
(perpendicular to the page.) The adjustable illumination device 300
includes a mount 210, multiple LEEs 212, primary optics 220, a
light guide 230 and a solid secondary optic 240.
[0094] In this example, the mount 210 has a first surface 210a with
a normal parallel to the z-axis. The multiple LEEs 212 are disposed
on the first surface 210a of the mount, such that the LEEs 212
emit, during operation, light in a first angular range with respect
to the normal to the first surface 210a of the mount 210.
[0095] The primary optics 220 are arranged on the first surface
210a and coupled with the LEEs 212. The primary optics 220 are
shaped to redirect light received from the LEEs 212 in a first
angular range, and to provide the redirected light in a second
angular range 252. A divergence of the second angular range 252 is
smaller than a divergence of the first angular range at least in
the x-z plane. The light guide 230 includes input and output ends.
In this case, the input and output ends of the light guide 230 have
substantially the same shape. The input end of the light guide 230
is coupled to the primary optics 220 to receive the light provided
by the primary optics 220 in the second angular range 252. Further,
in this example, the light guide 230 is shaped to guide the light
received from the primary optics 220 in the second angular range
252 and to provide the guided light at the output end of the light
guide 230.
[0096] The secondary optic 240 includes an input end, a redirecting
surface 243-g opposing the input end and first and second output
surfaces. The input end of the solid secondary optic 240 is coupled
to the output end of the light guide 230 to receive the light
provided by the light guide 230. In this case, the redirecting
surface 243-g has been described above in connection with FIG. 2G.
The redirecting surface 243-g has first and second portions that
reflect the light received at the input end of the secondary optic
240 and provide the reflected light in third and fourth angular
ranges with respect to the normal to the first surface 210a of the
mount 210 towards the first and second output surfaces,
respectively. At least prevalent directions of propagation of light
in the third and fourth angular ranges are different from each
other and from a prevalent direction of propagation of light in the
second angular range 252 at least perpendicular to the y-axis.
[0097] Additionally, some regions of the first and second portions
of the redirecting surface 243-g are transparent (e.g., are
uncoated with a reflecting layer, or have slots, apertures, etc.),
such that the first and second portions of the redirecting surface
243-g transmit (and sometime refract) the light received at the
input end of the solid secondary optic 240 and output the
transmitted ("leaked") and refracted light in fifth angular range
262 with respect to the normal to the first surface 210a of the
mount 210, outside the first and second portions of the redirecting
surface 243-g. Note that when transmission ("leakage") of light in
fifth angular range 262 occurs through apertures of planar first
and second portions of the redirected surface 243-f or 243-g, the
angular range 262 may correspond to the second angular range 252 of
the light output at the output end of the light guide 230.
[0098] The first output surface is shaped to refract the light
provided by the first portion of the redirecting surface 243-g in
the third angular range as first refracted light, and to output the
first refracted light in a seventh angular range 142 with respect
to the normal to the first surface 210a of the mount 210 outside
the first output surface of the solid secondary optic 240. The
second output surface is shaped to refract the light provided by
the second portion of the redirecting surface 243-g in the fourth
angular range as second refracted light, and to output the second
refracted light in an eighth angular range 142' with respect to the
normal of the first surface 210a of the mount 210 outside the
second output surface of the solid secondary optic 240. Moreover,
prevalent directions of propagation of light in the seventh 142 and
eighth 142' angular ranges are different from each other and have a
non-zero component antiparallel with the normal to the first
surface 210a of the mount 210.
[0099] In this manner, in some implementations, the adjustable
illumination device 300 can provide direct illumination (in angular
range 262) on a target space located in the positive direction of
the z-axis (e.g., on the floor 190 or a desk) and indirect
illumination (in angular ranges 142, 142') towards the ceiling
180.
[0100] While the foregoing example includes a light guide, other
implementations are also possible. FIG. 4 shows another example of
an adjustable illumination device 400. In this example, the
adjustable illumination device 400 includes a hollow embodiment
(i.e., embodiments that do not include a light guide and/or solid
secondary optics) of a luminaire module described above in
connection with FIG. 2A. A position of the luminaire module can be
adjusted relative to the ceiling 180. The adjustable illumination
device 400 includes a housing (not shown in FIG. 4) to which the
luminaire module can be coupled. In some implementations, the
housing can be a recess ceiling mount and the position of the
luminaire module can be adjusted relative to the housing. In some
implementations, the adjustable illumination device 400 is
elongated along the y-axis (perpendicular to the page.) The
adjustable illumination device 400 includes a mount 210, multiple
LEEs 212, primary optics 220, and a secondary optic 440.
[0101] In this example, the mount 210 has a first surface 210a with
a normal parallel to the z-axis. The multiple LEEs 212 are disposed
on the first surface 210a of the mount, such that the LEEs 212
emit, during operation, light in a first angular range with respect
to the normal to the first surface 210a of the mount 210.
[0102] The primary optics 220 are arranged on the first surface
210a and coupled with the LEEs 212. The primary optics 220 are
shaped to redirect light received from the LEEs 212 in the first
angular range, and to provide the redirected light in a second
angular range 252. A divergence of the second angular range 252 is
smaller than a divergence of the first angular range at least in
the x-z plane.
[0103] The secondary optic 440 includes a redirecting surface
243-b/g. In this case, the redirecting surface 243-b/g has first
and second portions that are shaped as described above in
connection with FIG. 2B. In addition, some regions of the first and
second portions of the redirecting surface 243-b/g are transparent
(e.g., are uncoated with a reflecting layer, or have slots,
apertures, etc.) The first and second portions of the redirecting
surface 243-b/g reflect the light received from the primary optics
220 in the second angular range 252, and provide the reflected
light in third 142 and fourth 142' angular ranges with respect to
the normal to the first surface 210a of the mount 210,
respectively. At least prevalent directions of propagation of light
in the third 142 and fourth 142' angular ranges are different from
each other and from a prevalent direction of propagation of light
in the second angular range 252 at least perpendicular to the
y-axis. Moreover, prevalent directions of propagation of light in
the third 142 and fourth 142' angular ranges are different from
each other and have a non-zero component antiparallel with the
normal to the first surface 210a of the mount 210.
[0104] Additionally, the transparent regions of the first and
second portions of the redirecting surface 243-b/g transmit the
light received from the primary optics 220 in the second angular
range 252, and output the transmitted ("leaked") light in fifth
angular range 262 with respect to the normal to the first surface
210a of the mount 210. Note that in this case, the fifth angular
range 262 may correspond to the second angular range 252 of the
light received from the primary optics 220. Note that when
transmission ("leakage") of light in fifth angular range 262 occurs
without refraction (e.g., through apertures of the redirected
surface 243-b/g), the fifth angular range 262 corresponds to the
second angular range 252 of the light received at the secondary
optic 440.
[0105] In this manner, in some implementations, the adjustable
illumination device 400 provides direct illumination (in angular
range 262) on a target space located in the positive direction of
the z-axis (e.g., on the floor 190 or a desk) and indirect
illumination (in angular ranges 142, 142') towards the ceiling 180.
In other implementations, when secondary optic 440 includes
partially light-transmissive (e.g., about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% or more
light transmission), redirecting surfaces, such as 243f/g shown in
FIGS. 2F and 2G, the adjustable illumination device 400 provides
direct illumination on the target space located in the positive
direction of the z-axis (e.g., on the floor 190) in angular range
262 and indirect illumination towards the ceiling 180 in angular
ranges 142, 142'.
[0106] As explained herein, composition and geometry of components
of the luminaire module can affect the intensity distribution
provided by the luminaire module. For example, referring to FIG. 5,
in some embodiments, luminaire modules can be configured to direct
substantially all of the light into a range of angles between
90.degree. to 120.degree. and -90.degree. to -120.degree. in a
cross-sectional plane of the luminaire module, where 0.degree.
corresponds to the direction of direct illumination and 180.degree.
corresponds to the direction of indirect illumination. The
direction of direct illumination corresponds to a normal to the
mount 210 and parallel to the light guide 230, and can be toward
the target space (e.g., the floor 190) for an illumination device
mounted on a ceiling. In FIG. 5, the intensity profile in the
cross-sectional plane is given by traces 510 and 510', which
correspond to the angular ranges 142 and 142' respectively. The
intensity profile in the cross-sectional plane has maximum
luminance at about 95.degree. to 110.degree., and -95.degree. to
-110.degree. respectively. Luminaire modules can be configured to
direct little or no illumination into certain angular ranges, for
example, to avoid glare. In this example, the luminaire module
outputs almost no direct illumination toward the target space in
ranges from 120.degree. to 180.degree. and -120.degree. to
-180.degree..
[0107] As described above, the degree of extension of the luminaire
module of the adjustable illumination device affects the
illumination pattern. FIG. 6A is an example of an adjustable
illumination device 300 with a fully extended luminaire module
(i.e., the secondary optic 240 is at maximum distance to the
ceiling 180.) Light emitted by the LEEs 212 is guided through the
light guide 230 to the secondary optic 240 and redirected by the
redirecting surface 243 towards the output surfaces of the
secondary optic 240. The redirected light is output through the
output surfaces of the secondary optic 240 in angular ranges 142,
142' towards the ceiling 180 (e.g., ceiling). In this example, the
adjustable illumination device 300 illuminates areas A1, A1' of the
ceiling 180. Areas A1, A1' are the largest areas the adjustable
illumination device 300 can illuminate since the secondary optic
240 is positioned at a maximum distance to the ceiling 180. Results
of an optical simulation of the example illumination device 300
with Lighttools.TM. are shown in FIG. 6A. The length L (see FIG.
2A) of the light guide is about 600 mm and the depth D (see FIG.
2A) of the light guide is about 100 mm. The simulation is for a
full extension of the example illumination device 300 to about 100
mm below the ceiling. The angular ranges 142, 142' have prevalent
directions oriented along+100 degrees, -100 degrees respectively,
and divergencies of about 20 degrees, as shown, for example, in
FIG. 5.
[0108] FIG. 6B is a contour plot of a simulated intensity
distribution on the ceiling 180 that corresponds to the
configuration of the adjustable illumination device 300 shown in
FIG. 6A (i.e., full extension of the luminaire module) and the
intensity profile shown in FIG. 5. The y-axis of the plot shown in
FIG. 6B refers to the illumination distribution in the longitudinal
direction of the adjustable illumination device 300 (y-axis in FIG.
2A) and the x-axis of the plot refers to the illumination
distribution in the transverse direction of the adjustable
illumination device 300 (x-axis in FIG. 2A.)
[0109] FIG. 6C is a cross section plot of the intensity
distribution from FIG. 6B in the transverse direction (x-axis) of
the adjustable illumination device 300 at y=0. The second axis of
the plot shown in FIG. 6C refers to illuminance (lux) in the
transverse direction of the adjustable illumination device 300. In
this example, the illuminance between a distance of -1,000 and
+1,000 mm from the adjustable illumination device in transverse
direction reaches up to 3,500 lux.
[0110] FIG. 6D is a cross section plot of the intensity
distribution from FIG. 6B in the longitudinal direction (y-axis) of
the adjustable illumination device 300 at x=0. The second axis of
the plot shown in FIG. 6D refers to illuminance (lux) in the
longitudinal direction of the adjustable illumination device 300.
In this example, the illuminance between a distance of -400 and
+400 mm from the adjustable illumination device along the
longitudinal direction reaches up to 2,250 lux.
[0111] FIG. 7A is an example of the adjustable illumination device
300 with a partially extended luminaire module. The secondary optic
240 is at a distance of about 75 mm to the ceiling 180. In this
example, the adjustable illumination device 300 illuminates areas
A2, A2' of the ceiling 180 that are smaller than the areas A1, A1'.
In this simulation of FIG. 7A, the intermediate distance between
the secondary optic and the ceiling represents approximately 75% of
the depth of the luminaire module.
[0112] FIG. 7B is a contour plot of a simulated intensity
distribution on the ceiling 180 that corresponds to the
configuration of the adjustable illumination device 300 shown in
FIG. 7A (i.e., partial extension of the luminaire module) and the
intensity profile shown in FIG. 5. The y-axis of the plot shown in
FIG. 7B refers to the illumination distribution in the longitudinal
direction of the adjustable illumination device 300 (y-axis in FIG.
2A) and the x-axis of the plot refers to the illumination
distribution in the transverse direction of the adjustable
illumination device 300 (x-axis in FIG. 2A).
[0113] FIG. 7C is a cross section plot of a simulated intensity
distribution in the transverse direction (x-axis) of the adjustable
illumination device 300. The second axis of the plot shown in FIG.
7C refers to illuminance (lux) in the transverse direction of the
adjustable illumination device 300. In this example, the
illuminance between a distance of -900 and +900 mm from the
adjustable illumination device in transverse direction reaches up
to 4,750 lux.
[0114] FIG. 7D is a cross section plot of a simulated intensity
distribution in the longitudinal direction (y-axis) of the
adjustable illumination device 300. The second axis of the plot
shown in FIG. 7D refers to illuminance (lux) in the longitudinal
direction of the adjustable illumination device 300. In this
example, the illuminance between a distance of -375 and +375 mm
from the adjustable illumination device along the longitudinal
direction reaches up to 2,400 lux.
[0115] FIG. 8A is an example of the adjustable illumination device
300 with a further retracted luminaire module. The secondary optic
240 is at about 50 mm distance to the ceiling 180. In this example,
the adjustable illumination device 300 illuminates areas A3, A3' of
the ceiling 180 are smaller than the areas A2, A2'. Areas A3, A3'
are smaller areas since the secondary optic 240 is positioned at
about 50% distance to the ceiling 180.
[0116] FIG. 8B is a contour plot of a simulated intensity
distribution on the ceiling 180 that corresponds to the
configuration of the adjustable illumination device 300 shown in
FIG. 8A (i.e., full retraction of the luminaire module) and the
intensity profile shown in FIG. 5. The y-axis of the plot shown in
FIG. 8B refers to the illumination distribution in the longitudinal
direction of the adjustable illumination device 300 (y-axis in FIG.
2A) and the x-axis of the plot refers to the illumination
distribution in the transverse direction of the adjustable
illumination device 300 (x-axis in FIG. 2A.)
[0117] FIG. 8C is a cross section plot of a simulated intensity
distribution in the transverse direction (x-axis) of the adjustable
illumination device 300. The second axis of the plot shown in FIG.
8C refers to illuminance (lux) in the transverse direction of the
adjustable illumination device 300. In this example, the
illuminance between a distance of -600 and +600 mm from the
adjustable illumination device in transverse direction reaches up
to 7,500 lux.
[0118] FIG. 8D is a cross section plot of a simulated intensity
distribution in the longitudinal direction (y-axis) of the
adjustable illumination device 300. The second axis of the plot
shown in FIG. 8D refers to illuminance (lux) in the longitudinal
direction of the adjustable illumination device 300. In this
example, the illuminance between a distance of -350 and +350 mm
from the adjustable illumination device along the longitudinal
direction reaches up to 2,500 lux.
[0119] FIGS. 6D, 7D, and 8D show that the illumination of the
ceiling 180 remains substantially above 2000 lux along the elongate
dimension of the adjustable illumination device 300 (i.e., the
length of the adjustable illumination device 300 defined by the Y
coordinate) even though the extension of the luminaire module
(i.e., the distance of the secondary optic 240 to the ceiling 180)
varies. However, the illumination of the ceiling 180 along the X
coordinate varies dependent on the extension of the luminaire
module. For example, as shown in FIG. 6C, the adjustable
illumination device 300 with a fully extended luminaire module
illuminates the ceiling 180 at above 500 lux to about 600 mm in the
X direction from the adjustable illumination device 300. In
comparison, as shown in FIG. 8C, the adjustable illumination device
300 with a fully retracted luminaire module illuminates the ceiling
180 at above 500 lux to about 400 mm in the X direction from the
adjustable illumination device 300.
[0120] In general, the mounting structure that allows for
adjustment of the position of the luminaire module relative to the
ceiling (or other background area) can be configured in different
ways. An example of a mounting structure for an elongate luminaire
module is shown in FIGS. 9A-9B. Here, an adjustable illumination
device 900 includes a housing 910 that allows for mounting the
adjustable illumination device to a ceiling. The adjustable
illumination device 900 includes a luminaire module 930 (e.g.,
having a structure similar to luminaire module 200), the housing
910, and a sliding mechanism 920 for adjusting an extension of the
luminaire module 930 relative to the housing 910. The luminaire
module 930 can be moved relative to the housing 910 (e.g., the
luminaire module can be slid back and forth in the housing to
extend or retract the luminaire module.) In some implementations,
one or more tools 940 can be used to push/pull the luminaire module
930 into and out of the housing 910. The one or more tools 940 can
be permanently or removably coupled with the luminaire module at
one or more locations. For example, such tools can be arranged at
opposite ends with respect to the length of the light guide and/or
in the center of the light guide proximate the secondary optics.
The tool can comprise a tab handle, hook, a spring, or alike. One
end of the housing 910 includes a flange that sits flush with the
ceiling when the adjustable illumination device is installed in a
room. This end includes an opening into which the luminaire module
is inserted.
[0121] The sliding mechanism 920 includes guide rails 925, guide
blocks 942 and 944, spring loaded bolts 946 and openings 912. The
openings 912 are configured to allow partial mating with respective
spring loaded bolts 946. The spring loaded bolts 946 can have
rounded ends for protruding beyond a face of the respective guide
blocks 942. The guide block 944 can have an opening 948 that can be
configured to receive a screw 914 for securing the luminaire module
930 and limiting its translational movement relative to the housing
910.
[0122] The sliding mechanism can be configured such that the spring
loaded bolts 946 resiliently engage with the openings 912 when the
luminaire module 930 is inserted in the housing 910. Release from
the resilient engagement can be achieved by exerting a minimum
pull/push force between the luminaire module 930 and the housing
910. Force can be exerted via the removable tool 940, by an
electric motor, or any other means suitable to traverse the
luminaire module 930.
[0123] The guide rails 925 can be located between the guide blocks
942 when the luminaire module 930 is inserted in the housing 910.
The fit between the guide blocks 942 and the guide rails 925 can be
configured to provide sufficient tolerances and allow for an amount
of force imbalance between the removable tools 940 that are located
on opposite ends of the luminaire module 930 to avoid jamming
during up/down movement. In some implementations, the openings 912
can have a circular, an elongate (parallel to horizontal) or other
shape to allow reproducible interlocking even when an offset
between the spring loaded bolts 946 and the openings 912 occurs.
The guide blocks 942 and 944 can be attached to a rail 945, which
can be configured to hold and secure the upper edge of the
luminaire module 930.
[0124] While in the present example the luminaire module is
manually slid relative to the housing in discrete steps, other
implementations are also possible. For example, in some
embodiments, adjusting the luminaire module 930 (i.e., sliding the
luminaire module into and out of the housing) can be performed
using a mechanical or electromechanical or other actuator, for
example. The actuator can be based on analog or digital control and
configured to slide the luminaire module relative to the housing.
Such actuators can be configured to allow for remote control of the
position of the luminaire module 930. Example actuators can include
leadscrews and stepper motors in which the stepper motor drives the
leadscrew which then translates rotational movement into a linear
movement. To mitigate seizing in long linear systems, multiple
actuators and/or extended actuator mechanisms may be disposed along
the length of the illumination device, which may be electrically or
mechanically synchronized via suitable control signals or one or
more synchronization belts, for example.
[0125] Furthermore, different luminaire modules can have different
heights, i.e., the maximum (and minimum) extension relative to the
housing 910 depends on the height of the respective luminaire
module.
[0126] In some embodiments, the adjustable illumination device can
be designed to be retrofitted into an existing light fixture. For
example, the adjustable illumination device can include a base
connector (e.g., an Edison, bayonet or other type base connector)
suitable for attaching to an existing light socket.
[0127] FIG. 4 shows an example of an illumination device 400 that
includes a hollow luminaire module. The hollow luminaire module can
be coupled to the housing via supports (e.g., side supports or
guides) that set a separation between the primary optics (or the
LEEs) and the secondary optics. The hollow luminaire module can be
adjusted within the housing as described in connection to FIG. 9,
for example.
[0128] While the foregoing example is an elongate luminaire module,
other form factors are also possible. For example, referring to
FIGS. 10A-10C, an embodiment of an adjustable illumination device
1000 includes an Edison socket connector 1010 that supports a
telescoping, rotatable shaft 1020. Shaft 1020 connects to a base
1030 that supports a luminaire module, which includes one or more
LEEs and one or more primary optics (neither the LEEs nor primary
optics are shown in the figures). The luminaire module also
includes a light guide 1040 and secondary optics 1050. The
structure of the luminaire module is similar to the luminaire
modules described above. The shaft 1020 or the other components may
be configured to allow independent rotation of the portions of the
adjustable illumination device on either side of the shaft 1020 or
the other component to allow rotation of the secondary optics 1050
while maintaining secure connection of the base connector 1010 with
a corresponding socket.
[0129] FIG. 10A shows the adjustable illumination device in an
un-extended configuration. FIGS. 10B and 10C show the shaft
extended, exposing inner shaft section 1025.
[0130] As noted previously, shaft 1020 is rotatable, allowing the
luminaire module to be rotated about the z-axis of the shown
Cartesian coordinate system. In FIG. 10B, the luminaire module
extends along the x-axis, while in FIG. 10C the luminaire module is
rotated to extend along the y-axis.
[0131] The form-factor of adjustable illumination device 1000
allows it to be installed in existing light sockets. For example,
in some embodiments, adjustable illumination device can be
installed in a recessed can light as shown in FIGS. 11A-11C. In
particular, these figures show adjustable illumination device 1000
installed in a recessed can 1110 in a ceiling panel 1101. The
fixture also includes a blocking reflector 1120 that is inserted
into the recessed can before adjustable illumination device 1000 is
attached. FIG. 11A shows adjustable illumination device 1000 in a
recessed posture. FIGS. 11B and 11C show the adjustable
illumination device extended so secondary optics 1050 extend below
the ceiling. The luminaire module is rotatable in the fixture, as
illustrated by FIG. 11C. In some embodiments, the adjustable
illumination device 1000 may include a sleeve (not illustrated)
configured to cover the opening of the recessed can. Such a sleeve
may be resiliently biased towards the base to allow flush alignment
with the recessed can. The sleeve may provide a powder coated,
polished, brushed or other metallic, white or other color lower
surface. The surface of the sleeve may be substantially planar.
[0132] While the foregoing embodiment is designed for connecting to
an Edison socket, other standard bases can also be used (e.g., a
bayonet base). Furthermore, while the foregoing examples are
ceiling-mounted adjustable illumination devices, other form factors
are also possible. For example, illumination devices can be used in
an upright configuration where the LEEs are positioned underneath
the secondary optic. FIG. 12 shows a cross-section of an adjustable
illumination device 1200 that can be configured, for example, for
use as a desk lamp or pedestal lamp. In this example, the
adjustable illumination device 1200 includes a solid embodiment of
the luminaire module, such as luminaire module 200 described above
in connection with FIG. 2A. Further in this example, a position of
the luminaire module can be adjusted relative to a housing 710 to
which the luminaire module is coupled.
[0133] As described above in connection with FIG. 2A, the luminaire
module 200 can output light in angular ranges 142 and 142'. In this
example, the light output in angular ranges 142, 142' illuminates
the target space (e.g., a desk or the floor 190). In some
implementations, the luminaire module 200 is configured to output
light in angular range 262 as described above in connection with
FIG. 2A. In this example, the light output in angular range 262
illuminates the background area (e.g., the ceiling 180.)
[0134] As described herein, the luminaire module 200 includes a
mount 210 and multiple LEEs 212. The LEEs 212 can be coupled with
the mount 210. The luminaire module 200 includes primary optics 220
(e.g., optical couplers corresponding to the LEEs 212), the light
guide 230, and the secondary optic 240 (e.g., an optical
extractor). A portion of the light that is guided by the light
guide 230 in a collimated angular range to the secondary optic 240
is redirected by a first portion 242 of a redirecting surface and
then output from the secondary optic 240 of the luminaire module
200 through a first output surface 246. Another portion of the
light received at the secondary optic 240 in the collimated angular
range is redirected by a second portion 244 of the redirecting
surface and then output from the secondary optic 240 of the
luminaire module 200 through a second output surface 248. A
mounting frame and attachment brackets can be used to
position/attach the luminaire module 200 inside the housing 710 to
provide a device for target space illumination, for example.
[0135] FIG. 13 shows an example of an adjustable illumination
device 1300 configured as a lamp (e.g., a desk lamp or pedestal
lamp). The adjustable illumination device 1300 includes a luminaire
module 1330 (e.g., such as luminaire module 200) and a housing 1310
to which the luminaire module 1330 is coupled. The adjustable
illumination device 1300 also includes a sliding mechanism (e.g., a
sliding mechanism as described in connection with FIG. 9) for
adjusting an extension of the luminaire module 1330 relative to the
housing 1310. In some embodiments, the housing 1310 can be
supported by a stand (e.g., a floor stand or a desk stand.) In some
implementations, the luminaire module 1330 can be extended and
retracted electro-mechanically, for example by stepwise or
continuous actuators (not illustrated). In some implementations,
the housing 1310 can include sockets (e.g., similar to conventional
light bulbs) so that the housing 1310 can be screwed into a base to
allow electrical and/or mechanical interconnection with the
environment.
[0136] The term "light-emitting element" (LEE), also referred to as
a light emitter, is used to define any device that emits radiation
in one or more regions of the electromagnetic spectrum from among
the visible region, the infrared region and/or the ultraviolet
region, when activated. Activation of an LEE can be achieved by
applying a potential difference across components of the LEE or
passing a current through components of the LEE, for example. A
light-emitting element can have monochromatic, quasi-monochromatic,
polychromatic or broadband spectral emission characteristics.
Examples of light-emitting elements include semiconductor, organic,
polymer/polymeric light-emitting diodes (e.g., organic
light-emitting diodes, OLEDs), other monochromatic,
quasi-monochromatic or other light-emitting elements. Furthermore,
the term light-emitting element is used to refer to the specific
device that emits the radiation, for example a LED die, and can
equally be used to refer to a combination of the specific device
that emits the radiation (e.g., a LED die) together with a housing
or package within which the specific device or devices are placed.
Examples of light emitting elements include also lasers and more
specifically semiconductor lasers, such as vertical cavity surface
emitting lasers (VCSELs) and edge emitting lasers. Further examples
include superluminescent diodes and other superluminescent
devices.
[0137] The preceding figures and accompanying description
illustrate example methods, systems and devices for illumination.
It will be understood that these methods, systems, and devices are
for illustration purposes only and that the described or similar
techniques may be performed at any appropriate time, including
concurrently, individually, or in combination. In addition, many of
the steps in these processes may take place simultaneously,
concurrently, and/or in different orders than as shown. Moreover,
the described methods/devices may use additional steps/parts, fewer
steps/parts, and/or different steps/parts, so long as the
methods/devices remain appropriate.
[0138] In other words, although this disclosure has been described
in terms of certain aspects or implementations and generally
associated methods, alterations and permutations of these aspects
or implementations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Accordingly, the above description of example implementations does
not define or constrain this disclosure. Further implementations
are described in the following claims.
* * * * *