U.S. patent application number 16/216060 was filed with the patent office on 2019-08-22 for network appliance for vulnerability assessment auditing over multiple networks.
The applicant listed for this patent is CALLAHAN CELLULAR L.L.C.. Invention is credited to Christopher D. BOSCOLO, Robert G. GILDE, Evan M. WEBB.
Application Number | 20190260792 16/216060 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36692823 |
Filed Date | 2019-08-22 |
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00000.png)
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00001.png)
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00002.png)
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00003.png)
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00004.png)
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00005.png)
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00006.png)
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00007.png)
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00008.png)
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00009.png)
![](/patent/app/20190260792/US20190260792A1-20190822-D00010.png)
United States Patent
Application |
20190260792 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
WEBB; Evan M. ; et
al. |
August 22, 2019 |
NETWORK APPLIANCE FOR VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AUDITING OVER
MULTIPLE NETWORKS
Abstract
An apparatus, system, and method are directed towards enabling
auditing of network vulnerabilities from multiple network vantage
points virtually simultaneously. Multiple network vantage points
may include, but are not limited to, remote/branch enterprise
sites, devices on an enterprise perimeter, on either side of a
security perimeter, and even through the security perimeter. In one
embodiment, an auditor performs reflected audits thereby extending
auditing of network vulnerabilities to provide a comprehensive 360
degree audit of internal, external, and remote enterprise network
sites. In one embodiment, the present invention may be implemented
employing a single auditing device, and one or more audit extension
devices that are configured to extend the auditing device's audit
reach. The auditing device and one or more audit extension devices
may communicate using an encrypted network channel through a
security perimeter and/or across multiple networks.
Inventors: |
WEBB; Evan M.; (Seattle,
WA) ; BOSCOLO; Christopher D.; (Bellevue, WA)
; GILDE; Robert G.; (Issaquah, WA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
CALLAHAN CELLULAR L.L.C. |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
36692823 |
Appl. No.: |
16/216060 |
Filed: |
December 11, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
15079224 |
Mar 24, 2016 |
10154057 |
|
|
16216060 |
|
|
|
|
14015138 |
Aug 30, 2013 |
9306967 |
|
|
15079224 |
|
|
|
|
11877496 |
Oct 23, 2007 |
8554903 |
|
|
14015138 |
|
|
|
|
11331776 |
Jan 13, 2006 |
7310669 |
|
|
11877496 |
|
|
|
|
60733392 |
Nov 4, 2005 |
|
|
|
60647646 |
Jan 26, 2005 |
|
|
|
60645437 |
Jan 19, 2005 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F 21/577 20130101;
H04L 63/1441 20130101; H04L 63/1433 20130101; H04L 63/1408
20130101; H04L 63/20 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04L 29/06 20060101
H04L029/06; G06F 21/57 20060101 G06F021/57 |
Claims
1. A method to manage an audit by an audit device, comprising:
initiating, by the audit device, communication between an audit
extension device and the audit device for the audit by sending a
request for the audit to be performed on a computing asset through
a security perimeter to the audit extension device, the request for
the audit including a request for information to be provided by the
computing asset, wherein the computing asset is separate from the
audit device; receiving, by the audit device, an audit result of
the audit from the audit extension device through the security
perimeter; determining, by the audit device, whether the audit
result indicates that the computing asset complies with a security
policy; instructing, by the audit device, the audit extension
device to quarantine the computing asset in a quarantined network
in response to the computing asset failing to satisfy the security
policy; and relinquishing, by the audit device, operations to the
audit extension device, in response to the computing asset failing
to satisfy the security policy.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation application of
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/079,224, filed Mar. 24, 2016,
which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 14/015,138, filed on Aug. 30, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No.
9,306,967, issued on Apr. 5, 2016, which is a continuation
application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/877,496, filed
Oct. 23, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,554,903, issued on Oct. 8, 2013,
which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 11/331,776, filed on Jan. 13, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No.
7,310,669, issued on Dec. 18, 2007, which claims priority to
provisional application No. 60/645,437, filed on Jan. 19, 2005, and
provisional application No. 60/647,646, filed on Jan. 26, 2005, and
further from provisional application No. 60/733,392, filed on Nov.
4, 2005, their entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein
by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to network security, and
particularly, but not exclusively, to a method, apparatus, and
system for enabling auditing of network vulnerabilities from
multiple network vantage points.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Businesses are deriving tremendous financial benefits from
using the internet to strengthen relationships and improve
connectivity with customers, suppliers, partners, and employees.
Progressive organizations are integrating critical information
systems including customer service, financial, distribution, and
procurement from their private networks with the Internet. The
business benefits are significant, but not without risk.
Unfortunately, the risks are growing.
[0004] In response to the growing business risks of attacks,
potentials for legal suits, federal compliance requirements, and so
forth, companies have spent millions to protect the digital assets
supporting their critical information systems. Most companies have
invested, for example, in firewalls, anti-virus, and intrusion
detection/prevention systems. However, many of the known exploits
to businesses occur with businesses that had deployed some or all
of these security technologies.
[0005] The reactive nature of many of these security technologies,
and the well documented knowledge that network exploits essentially
leverage known vulnerabilities, point to an immediate need for a
more proactive solution. Many of these businesses include
enterprise networks that have become increasingly segmented, often
by security technologies, such as firewalls. Many of the businesses
may have employed, for example, multiple tiers of firewalls, often
using a multi-vendor approach. Such approaches also may have split
the business's internal networks, implementing multiple levels of
trust. These solutions therefore, have often created security
nightmares that may ultimately cost the business and put them at
further risk. Therefore, it is with respect to these
considerations, and others, that the present invention has been
made.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the present
invention are described with reference to the following drawings.
In the drawings, like reference numerals refer to like parts
throughout the various figures unless otherwise specified.
[0007] For a better understanding of the present invention,
reference will be made to the following Detailed Description of the
Preferred Embodiment, which is to be read in association with the
accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0008] FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an environment
employing the invention through an enterprise firewall;
[0009] FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of an environment
employing the invention outside of a firewall;
[0010] FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of an environment
employing the invention for multiple vantage points, such as branch
offices of a business;
[0011] FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of an environment
employing the invention across multiple network vantage points,
such as a managed service provider's service operation centers;
[0012] FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of an environment
employing the invention for managing a quarantined network;
[0013] FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of a network appliance
that may be included in a system implementing the invention;
[0014] FIG. 7 illustrates a logical flow diagram generally showing
one embodiment of a process of managing a security
vulnerability;
[0015] FIG. 8 illustrates an overview of a system that employs at
least one auditor and at least one audit extension device to
securely quarantine and/or perform vulnerability audits on nodes
dispersed across multiple networks;
[0016] FIG. 9 illustrates an overview of the operation of a system
architecture that employs both an auditor and an audit extension
device to securely quarantine and perform vulnerability audits on a
plurality of servers remotely located in a branch office; and
[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates a logical flow diagram generally showing
one embodiment of a process of managing a fail-safe mode of
operation, in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] The present invention now will be described more fully
hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form
a part hereof, and which show, by way of illustration, specific
exemplary embodiments by which the invention may be practiced. This
invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and
should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth
herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this
disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the
scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Among other
things, the present invention may be embodied as methods or
devices. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an
entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an
embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. The following
detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting
sense.
[0019] Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms
take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context
clearly dictates otherwise. The phrase "in one embodiment" as used
herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, though it
may. As used herein, the term "or" is an inclusive "or" operator,
and is equivalent to the term "and/or," unless the context clearly
dictates otherwise. The term "based on" is not exclusive and allows
for being based on additional factors not described, unless the
context clearly dictates otherwise. In addition, throughout the
specification, the meaning of "a," "an," and "the" include plural
references. The meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on."
[0020] As used herein, the term "node" includes virtually any
computing device that is capable of connecting to a network. Such
devices include, but are not limited to, personal computers,
multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable
consumer electronics, network PCs, servers, network appliances, and
the like. A node may refer to a client device, a server device, or
the like.
[0021] As used herein, the term "audit" refers to an evaluation of
a network device, or other computing asset, to determine its
compliance with a policy. The audit typically is directed toward
computing security aspects of the network device including
controls, applications, procedures, operational aspects, and so
forth. For example, the audit may evaluate how the network device
responds to a network request, a configuration request, a resource
request, a probe, or the like. In one embodiment, an audit may
result in the network device providing security information about
itself, such as whether patches have been performed, whether
anti-virus programs are installed, or the like. Thus, the audit may
include a request. In one embodiment, the request is for
information about the network device. The audit request may also
result in an action or other response by the network device for
which the audit may be interested. In one embodiment, the audit may
also provide recommendations on changes in control, configuration,
security policy, procedures, or the like, based on a result of the
audit. In another embodiment, the result of the audit may be used
to deny access to the network resource, quarantine the network
resource, or the like.
[0022] As used herein, the term "reflected audit" refers to a form
of audit that may be initiated by a computing device on one side of
a security perimeter and that may be sent through the security
perimeter to be turned towards or reflected to a computing asset.
In one embodiment, the reflected audit is towards a computing asset
on another side of the security perimeter. In one embodiment, the
reflected audit is turned back towards through security perimeter
to a computing asset within or on the security perimeter. Such
reflected audits are directed towards extending an audit across one
or more security perimeters.
[0023] The term "security perimeter" refers to an electronic
boundary substantially surrounding one or more computing assets.
The security perimeter is directed towards managing access to the
computing assets based in part on a policy. The security perimeter
may be implemented through a single network device, such as a
switch, router, bridge, or the like, or through a variety of
network devices. Such network devices may also include applications
arranged to inspect network traffic and perform filtering decisions
including whether the network traffic may flow through the security
perimeter. One embodiment of a network device that includes such
filtering application is a firewall. However, the invention is not
constrained to firewalls, and packet filters, gateways, proxy
servers, and the like may also be included.
[0024] Briefly stated, the present invention is directed towards an
apparatus, system, and method for enabling auditing of network
vulnerabilities from multiple network vantage points virtually
simultaneously. Multiple network vantage points may include, but
are not limited to, remote/branch enterprise sites, devices on an
enterprise perimeter, on either side of a security perimeter, and
even through the security perimeter. As such, the invention
provides reflected audits thereby extending auditing of network
vulnerabilities to provide a comprehensive 360 degree audit of
internal, external, and remote enterprise network sites. In one
embodiment, the present invention may be implemented employing a
single auditing device, and one or more audit extension devices
that are configured to extend the auditing device's audit reach to
remote data sites. The auditing device and one or more audit
extension devices may communicate using an encrypted network
channel through a security perimeter and/or across multiple
networks. However, if the operation of the auditing device is
determined to be unacceptable, an audit extension device can
automatically assume a master mode of operation. In one embodiment,
such mode of operation may be maintained by the audit extension
device until an auditing device becomes available to assume the
master mode of operation.
[0025] In embodiment, the master operation of a primary auditing
device may be mirrored by a secondary auditing device, which can
assume at least a portion of the master operations if the primary
auditing device is unavailable to do so, such as when a failure
condition (or fail-safe condition) occurs, or the like. In one
embodiment, the secondary auditing device may be an audit extension
device. Similarly, in one embodiment, the slave operation of a
primary audit extension device may be mirrored by a secondary audit
extension device, which can assume at least a portion of the slave
operations if the primary audit extension device is unavailable to
do so, such as when a fail-safe condition occurs, or the like.
Illustrative Operating Environment
[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an environment
employing the invention through an enterprise firewall. System 100
may include many more, or less, components than those shown,
however, those shown are sufficient to disclose an illustrative
embodiment for practicing the invention.
[0027] As shown in the figure, system 100 includes networks
102-104, firewall 106, servers 107-108, auditor 112, and audit
extension device 110. Audit extension device 110 is in
communication with auditor 112 and servers 107-108 through firewall
106. Auditor 112 is in communication with servers 107-108.
[0028] Servers 107-108 may include any computing device capable of
providing information in response to a request from another device.
As shown in FIG. 1, servers 107-108 may be configured to operate as
mail servers, however, the invention is not so constrained, and
servers 107-108 may be configured to operate as web servers,
database servers, application servers, and the like. Moreover, one
of servers 107-108 may be configured as a mail server, while
another is configured to provide a different service, without
departing from the scope of spirit of the invention. Such devices
include personal computers, desktop computers, multiprocessor
systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics,
network PCs, servers, and the like.
[0029] Firewall 106 may include any computing device that is
capable of implementing a security policy designed to keep a
network, or other computing assets, secure from intruders. As such,
firewall 106 may be implemented as a router that filters out
unwanted packets or may comprise a combination of routers and
servers each performing some type of network traffic filtering. For
example, firewall 106 may be configured as a proxy server, a
gateway, a bridge, or the like. As such, firewall 106 illustrates
one embodiment of a network device that enables implementation of a
security perimeter. In one embodiment, firewall 106 may be
considered to be `on` the security perimeter. The security
perimeter is directed towards managing access to such resources as
servers 107-108 by devices on the other side of the security
perimeter than servers 107-108 (e.g., devices, not shown, that may
reside within internet 102, on network 103, or the like.).
[0030] Devices that may operate as firewall 106 include personal
computers, desktop computers, multiprocessor systems,
microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network
PCs, servers, routers, bridges, network appliances, and the
like.
[0031] Auditor 112 includes virtually any computing device that is
configured to manage dynamic network access control. In one
embodiment, auditor 112 may enable a security audit to be
performed. In one embodiment, auditor 112 may also provide an audit
report and remediation to virtually eliminate vulnerabilities, and
secure a network infrastructure. In one configuration, auditor 112
may provide end-to-end automated vulnerability management, with
network audits being scheduled daily, on-demand, after
configuration changes, or the like based on at least a security
policy. In one embodiment, auditor 112 employs a policy system that
enables extensive user-customization. In one embodiment, auditor
112 may employ a secure web interface which is directed towards
simplifying management of enterprise networks.
[0032] Auditor 112 may also enable management of network access
control at a network switch port level. In one embodiment, auditor
112 provides services and controlled network access that includes
quarantining nodes so that they may be identified, audited, and
provided an opportunity to be brought into compliance with a
security policy, or the like. Auditor 112 may be configured to
detect a device seeking to join or otherwise access the network,
identify a switch port that the device is attempting to connect to,
and determine if the device is authentic and authorized to join the
network. As shown, the device seeking to join or otherwise access
the network may be servers 107-108, a client device (not shown), or
the like. In one embodiment, the network may be an intranet, such
as an enterprise's intranet, or the like. For example, the network
may be one of networks 103-104. If it is determined that the device
is unauthorized and/or unauthentic, the device may be quarantined.
In one embodiment, the suspect device is quarantined using, for
example, a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) (not shown). The act
of quarantining the suspect device may also be explained to a user
of the suspect device, allowing the user and/or device to be
identified and registered. The suspect device may then be audited
to determine if there are vulnerabilities that might further
prevent the device from connecting to the network. If
vulnerabilities are determined, in one embodiment, remediation
action may be employed to guide the suspect device, user, and/or
administrator of the suspect device towards a resolution of the
vulnerabilities, such that the device may be reconfigured for
acceptance onto the network.
[0033] Auditor 112 may also be configured to provide a variety of
audits and reports to audit extension device 110, which may be
searchable, and/or archived. Auditor 112 may also provide audit
extension device 110 with a variety of alerting information
employing tickets, emails, pages, SNMP traps, or the like. In one
embodiment, auditor 112 may be configured to initiate or otherwise
request that audit extension device 110 perform an audit, such as a
reflected audit on one or more computing devices, networks, or the
like. In another embodiment, auditor 112 may perform the audit by
sending the audit
[0034] In one embodiment, auditor 112 employs a secure network path
to communicate with audit extension device 110, and/or servers
107-108.
[0035] Audit extension device 110 is described in more detail
below, in conjunction with FIG. 6. Briefly, however, audit
extension device 110 may be configured to communicate with auditor
112 to provide a point-of-presence on another network, such as
networks 102-103, and/or the like. In one embodiment, the
communication is performed over a secure network path, employing
such as Secure Socket Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS),
Extensible Authentication Protocol Transport Layer Security
(EAP-TLS), or the like.
[0036] As shown in FIG. 1, an audit may be performed, for example,
by auditor 112, upon network 104 and/or servers 107-108 through
audit extension device 110. That is, audit extension device 110 may
be configured to provide a reflected audit of servers 107-108,
through firewall 106, and/or networks 103-104. In one embodiment,
the reflected audit is performed by auditor 112 using audit
extension 112 to extend its reach. Thus, in one embodiment, auditor
112 may perform a vulnerability assessment upon devices on network
104, through firewall 106 by employing audit extension device 110
to extend its reach to other devices and networks. The reflected
audits may further enable an evaluation of aspects of servers
107-108 that may operate differently when performed through a
firewall. For example, such as when a request for access,
information, and the like, is perceived to be from an outside
source, an internal source responds to a request, and the like.
[0037] In another embodiment, the audit may be initiated or
otherwise requested by auditor 112, and performed by audit
extension 110, rather than through audit extension 112. In any
event, results of the audits may be provided to auditor 112 for
review and possible remediation.
[0038] Networks 102-104 are configured to couple one computing
device to another computing device to enable them to communicate.
As shown in the figure, network 102 may represent the Internet,
while network 103 may represent an external and/or perimeter
network, and network 104 may represent an internal network to an
enterprise. Thus, networks 102-103 may be considered to be on one
side of the security perimeter, while network 104 may reside on the
other side of the security perimeter.
[0039] Networks 102-104 are enabled to employ any form of computer
readable media for communicating data from one electronic device to
another. Generally, networks 102-104 can include the Internet in
addition to local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs),
direct connections, such as through a universal serial bus (USB)
port, other forms of computer-readable media, or any combination
thereof. On an interconnected set of LANs, including those based on
differing architectures and protocols, a router acts as a link
between LANs, enabling messages to be sent from one to another.
Also, communication links within LANs can include, for example,
twisted wire pair or coaxial cable, while communication links
between networks may utilize analog telephone lines, full or
fractional dedicated digital lines including T1, T2, T3, and T4,
Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDNs), Digital Subscriber
Lines (DSLs), wireless links including satellite links, or other
communications links known to those skilled in the art.
Furthermore, remote computers and other related electronic devices
can be remotely connected to either LANs or WANs via a modem and
temporary telephone link.
[0040] Networks 102-104 may further employ a plurality of access
technologies including 2nd (2G), 3rd (3G) generation radio access
for cellular systems, WLAN, Wireless Router (WR) mesh, and the
like. Access technologies such as 2G, 3G, and future access
networks may enable wide area coverage for mobile devices, such as
a mobile device with various degrees of mobility. For example,
networks 102-104 may enable a radio connection through a radio
network access such as Global System for Mobil communication (GSM),
General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment
(EDGE), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), and the
like. In essence, networks 102-104 may include virtually any
wireless communication mechanism by which data may travel between
one computing device and another computing device.
[0041] The media used to transmit data in communication links as
described above illustrates one type of computer-readable media,
namely communication media. Generally, computer-readable media
includes any media that can be accessed by a computing device.
Computer-readable media may include computer storage media,
communication media, or any combination thereof.
[0042] Additionally, communication media typically embodies
computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules,
or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or
other transport mechanism and includes any data delivery media. The
terms "modulated data signal," and "carrier-wave signal" includes a
signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed
in such a manner as to encode data, instructions, data, and the
like, in the signal. By way of example, communication media
includes wired media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber
optics, wave guides, and other wired media and wireless media such
as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media.
[0043] Servers 107-108 represent one embodiment of a computing
asset upon which an enterprise may perform a computing security
audit. However, the invention is not limited to performing
computing security audits on servers 107-108. For example, a
computing security audit may also be performed upon network 104,
firewall 106, or the like, without departing from the scope or
spirit of the invention.
[0044] FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of an environment
employing the invention outside of a firewall. System 200 may
include many more, or less, components than those shown, however,
those shown are sufficient to disclose an illustrative embodiment
for practicing the invention.
[0045] As shown in the figure, system 200 includes components that
are substantially similar to those in FIG. 1. This includes
networks 102-104, servers 107-108, auditor 112, firewall 106, and
audit extension device 110. Such components may operate in a
substantial similar manner to that described above. In addition,
FIG. 1 further illustrates servers 205-206. As shown, servers
205-206 are in communication with audit extension device 110.
[0046] As shown in the figure, servers 205-206 may be configured to
operate on network 103, which may operate as a perimeter network, a
demilitarized zone (DMZ), an external network, or the like. In one
embodiment, servers 205-206 operate as web servers. However, the
invention is not so limited, and servers 205-206 may operate to
provide virtually any service, information and the like. As such,
devices that operate as servers 205-206 include personal computers,
desktop computers, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or
programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, servers, network
appliances, and the like.
[0047] As shown in FIG. 2, an audit may be performed upon an
outside (on the opposing side of firewall 106 of an enterprise
network) employing auditor 112 and audit extension 110 to extend
the audit. In one embodiment, audit extension 110 enables an audit
assessment for security vulnerabilities of servers 205-206, network
103, or the like, employing a reflected audit. In one embodiment,
auditor 112 enables auditing for security vulnerabilities of
internal and external devices, and networks. Employing audit
extension 110 enables the extension of an audit across networks,
through firewalls, and even across geographical areas. Moreover,
audit extension 110 enables auditor 112 to virtually simultaneously
audit a device from both sides of firewall 106. That is, the audit
may be performed by sending traffic at substantially the same time
from both audit extension 110 and auditor 112 towards one or more
or servers 205-206, 107-108, or the like.
[0048] Servers 107-108 and servers 205-206 represent embodiments of
computing assets upon which an enterprise may perform a computing
security audit. However, computing security audits may also be
performed upon network 104, firewall 106, or the like, without
departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
[0049] FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of an environment
employing the invention from multiple vantage points, such as
branch offices of a business, enterprise, or the like. System 300
may include many more, or less, components than those shown,
however, those shown are sufficient to disclose an illustrative
embodiment for practicing the invention.
[0050] As shown in the figure, system 300 includes Internet 102,
headquarters 302, and branch office 304. Headquarters 302 includes
firewall 306, auditor 312, and servers 308-309. Branch office 304
includes firewall 307, audit extension device 310, and servers
320-321. Headquarters 302 and branch office 304 are intended to
represent one networking boundaries of the illustrated computing
devices. However, other networking boundaries and configurations of
networking boundaries may be employed without departing form the
spirit of the invention.
[0051] Auditor 312 is in communication with firewall 306. Firewall
306 is in communication with Internet 102. Internet 102 is in
communication with firewall 307. Firewall 307 is in communication
with audit extension device 310, and audit extension device 310 is
in communication with servers 320-321. Auditor 312 is also in
communication with servers 308-309.
[0052] Servers 320-321 include virtually any computing device
residing within networking boundaries of branch office 304 that may
be configured to communicate with servers 308-309. As such, devices
that may operate as servers 320-321 include personal computers,
desktop computers, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or
programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, servers, or the
like.
[0053] Firewalls 306-307 are configured to operate in a substantial
similar manner to firewall 106 of FIG. 1. Servers 309 may operate
substantially similar to servers 108 of FIG. 1. Audit extension
device 310 and auditor 312 may also operate substantially similar
to audit extension device 110 and auditor 112 of FIG. 1,
respectively. However, as shown in FIG. 3, audit extension device
310 is configured to enable auditor 312 to perform a remote audit
of servers 320-31 and/or networks, and other devices, servers, or
the like (not shown) that reside within branch office 304. Thus, in
one embodiment, audits may be performed by auditor 312 through
audit extension device 310 upon devices and networks at a remote
site, across one or more security perimeters.
[0054] Servers 308-309, servers 320-321, and firewalls 306-307
represent embodiments of computing assets upon which an enterprise
may perform a computing security audit.
[0055] FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of an environment
employing the invention across multiple network vantage points,
such as a managed service provider's service operation centers.
System 400 of FIG. 4 may include many more, or less, components
than those shown, however, those shown are sufficient to disclose
an illustrative embodiment for practicing the invention.
[0056] As shown in the figure, system 400 includes Internet 102,
managed service provider (MSP) 405, and customer sites 402 and 404.
MSP 405 includes auditor 412. Customer site 402 includes firewall
407, audit extension device 411, and servers 414-415. Customer site
404 includes firewall 406, audit extension device 410, and servers
416-417. Customer sites 402 and 404 are each intended to represent
networking boundaries of computing devices.
[0057] Firewalls 406-407 operate substantially similar to firewall
106 of FIG. 1. Servers 414-417 operate substantially similar to
servers 320-321 of FIG. 3, except that servers 414-415 and servers
416-417 are further configured to communicate with each other.
[0058] As shown, auditor 412 is in communication with Internet 102.
Internet 102 is in communication with firewall 407. Firewall 407 is
in communication with audit extension device 411. Audit extension
device 411 is in communication with servers 414-415. Internet 102
is in further communication with firewall 406. Firewall 406 is in
communication with audit extension device 410. Audit extension
device 410 is in communication with servers 416-417.
[0059] Audit extension devices 410-411 operate substantially
similar to audit extension device 110 of FIG. 1. Auditor 412
operates substantially similar to auditor 112 of FIG. 1. However,
as illustrated in FIG. 4, at least one audit extension device
(410-411) is located on distinct networks, such as those of
customer site 404 and 402, respectively. As such, audit extension
devices 410-411 may be configured to enable auditing of computing
devices, and networks within a same network, network boundary, LAN,
network segment, or the like. Moreover, auditor 412 is configured
to perform audits of servers 414-417 through audit extension
devices 410-411.
[0060] Similar to above, servers 414-417, and firewalls 406-407, as
well as other network components within customer sites 402 and 404
represent embodiments of computing assets upon which an enterprise
may perform a computing security audit.
[0061] FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of an environment
employing the invention for managing a quarantined network. System
500 of FIG. 5 may include many more, or less, components than those
shown, however, those shown are sufficient to disclose an
illustrative embodiment for practicing the invention.
[0062] As shown in the figure, system 500 includes quarantined
network 502, switch 504, auditor 512, and servers 519-520.
Quarantined network 502 includes firewall 506, audit extension
device 510, and servers 521-522. Firewall 506 may operate
substantially similar to firewall 106 of FIG. 1. Servers 521-522
may operate substantially similar to servers 320-321 of FIG. 3, and
servers 519-520 may operate substantially similar to servers
107-108 of FIG. 1.
[0063] As shown, auditor 512 is in communication with switch 504.
Auditor 512 is also in communication with servers 519-520. Switch
504 is in communication with firewall 506. Firewall 506 is in
communication with audit extension device 510. Audit extension
device 510 is in communication with servers 521-522.
[0064] Switch 504 may include virtually any network device that is
configured to isolate selected network traffic between quarantined
network 502 and other networks and devices, includes servers
519-520. Although switch 504 is illustrated as a switch, the
invention is not so limited. For example, switch 504 may be
implemented as a bridge, router, gateway, proxy server, or the
like.
[0065] Auditor 512 and audit extension 510 may operate similar to
auditor 112 and audit extension device 110 of FIG. 1, respectively.
However, audit extension device 510 is configured to maintain a
secure communication with auditor 512, such that auditor 512 is
enabled to employ audit extension device 510 to perform an audit
assessment on servers 521-522, and/or other devices, servers, and
related networks (not shown) within quarantined network 502.
[0066] Servers 519-522, and firewall 506, as well as other network
components within quarantined network 502 represent embodiments of
computing assets upon which an enterprise may perform a computing
security audit.
[0067] FIG. 8 illustrates an overview of a system that employs at
least one auditor as discussed above and at least one audit
extension device to both securely quarantine and perform
vulnerability audits on nodes dispersed across multiple networks.
System 800 may include many more, or less, components than those
shown, however, those shown are sufficient to disclose an
illustrative embodiment for practicing the invention.
[0068] As shown in the figure, system 800 includes auditors
801-802, switches 810 and 813-814, servers 804-805, firewall 820,
network 850, and branch offices 840-841. Branch office 840 includes
firewall 822, switch 811, audit extension device 830, and servers
806-807. Branch office 841 includes firewall 821, switch 812, audit
extension device 831, and servers 808-809.
[0069] Auditor 801 is in communication with switches 810 and
813-814. Switch 813 is in communication with server 804. Switch 814
is in communication with server 805. Auditor 801 is also in
communication with auditor 802 and switch 810. Switch 810 is in
communication with firewall 820. Firewall 820 is in communication
with network 850. Network 850 is in communication with firewalls
822-821. Switch 811 is in communication with audit extension device
830, servers 806-807 and firewall 822. Switch 812 is in
communication with audit extension device 831, servers 808-809 and
firewall 821. In one embodiment, auditors 801-802 may operate in a
substantial similar manner to auditor 112 of FIG. 1 described
above. Audit extension devices 830-831 may operate in a substantial
similar manner to audit extension device 110.
[0070] As shown in the figure, auditor 801 is arranged to manage
servers that are coupled to the same switch. Also, the mirrored
redundancy provided by auditor 801 can improve reliability of the
system. Auditors 801-802 are arranged to communicate through
various routers and switches, such as switch 810, across multiple
networks with audit extension devices 830-831 that logically,
and/or physically, reside on a VLAN in branch offices 840-841,
respectively. Communication tunnels between the auditors 802 and
the locally situated audit extension devices 831-832 enable the
operation of auditor 802 to appear "local" to the managed servers
806-809 on the VLANs.
[0071] Audit extension devices 830-831 can also enable auditor 802
to locally manage the operation of switches 811-812 for the
respective servers 806-809 in the corresponding branch offices
840-841. The presence of the audit extension devices 830-831 on the
VLAN at branch offices 840-841 enables remote network address
control without diminishing the capacity of layer 2 network
accesses through a router. For example, auditor 802 may employ
audit extension device 830-831 to remotely quarantine computing
assets, such as servers 806-809. It is understood that Layer 2
refers to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model
for network communications.
[0072] Additionally, if it is determined that one of auditors
801-802 fails to perform its actions for at least one of a
plurality of failure or fail-safe reasons, at least one of audit
extension devices 830-831 can automatically switch to operating as
an auditor. In one embodiment, the audit extension device that
assumed that role of the auditor may maintain that role until the
remotely located auditor can resume proper operation again, or
another auditor indicates that it is to assume the role. Such
fail-safe reasons include, but are not limited to a network
failure, a device failure, a component incompatibility with an
auditor that may affect its quarantining of a device, a component
failure with an auditor that may affect its auditing of a device,
communication with a device, or the like.
[0073] FIG. 9 illustrates an overview of the operation of a system
architecture that employs both auditor 902 and audit extension
device 906 to securely quarantine and perform vulnerability audits
on a plurality of servers remotely located in a branch office 940.
System 900 may include many more, or less, components than those
shown, however, those shown are sufficient to disclose an
illustrative embodiment for practicing the invention.
[0074] As shown in the figure, system 900 includes auditor 902,
switch 910, firewall 920, network 904, and branch office 940.
Branch office 940 includes firewall 921, switches 911-912, audit
extension device 906, and servers 930-931. In one embodiment,
auditor 902 may operate in a substantial similar manner to auditor
112 of FIG. 1. Audit extension device 906 may operate in a
substantial similar manner to audit extension device 110 of FIG.
1.
[0075] Auditor 902 is in communication with switch 910. Switch 910
is in communication with firewall 920. Firewall 920 is in
communication with network 904. Network 904 is in communication
with firewall 921. Firewall 921 is in communication with switch
911. Switch 911 is in communication with switch 912. Switch 912 is
in communication with audit extension device 906, servers
930-931.
[0076] As shown, tunneled communications between auditor 902 and
audit extension device 906 enable auditor 902 appear local to
servers 930-931 at the branch office 940. In one embodiment,
auditor 902 may appear on a VLAN. Through the tunnel, auditor 920
can manage the operation of branch office 940. Also, audit
extension device 906 can locally perform network learning, IP to
ARP binding, summarization of SNMP traps, or the like, and provide
this information to remotely located auditor 902.
[0077] Audit extension device 906 may monitor the operation of
auditor 902 for diminished capacity including one or more factors,
such as latency, number of errors, dropped packets, bandwidth
constraints, broken connection, and the like. If diminished
capacity is detected, audit extension device 906 can switch to a
fail-safe mode and assume auditor functionality such as
quarantines, audits, or the like. In one embodiment, such assumed
role may be maintained until another remotely located auditor is
available to assume the role. Also, audit extension device 906 can
take over as a local auditor, such as auditor 902, if it is
determined that auditor 902 is rebooting, or based on a variety of
other fail-safe reasons.
[0078] In one embodiment, after audit extension device 906 switches
over to a fail safe mode of operation as a local auditor, it can
freeze the number of nodes on the VLAN. In one embodiment, this may
be performed using an IP address map, or the like. Also, prior to a
fail-safe mode the local auditor (e.g., auditor 092, or the like)
can learn about different available port(s) and provide that
information to audit extension device 906 to use if the fail-safe
mode occurs.
[0079] Once the condition(s) that caused a fail-safe mode to occur
are determined to no longer be present, several operations may
occur to enable remotely located auditor 902 to reassume its role.
For example, the tunnel between remotely located auditor 902 and
the audit extension device 906 may be re-established. Either
auditor 902 or audit extension device 906 can be the initiator of
the tunnel. In one embodiment, the device that initiates creation
of the tunnel may be selectively configurable by an administrator.
Switch 912 at branch office 940 may also be returned to a
"pre-fail-safe" mode of operation. Information obtained by audit
extension device 906 during the fail-safe mode of operation may
also be provided to auditor 902. Also, if there are redundant
remotely located auditors (not shown), they may also be mirrored
and/or provided with any additional information. Such information
may be employed, for example, to synchronization the devices.
Illustrative Network Appliance
[0080] FIG. 6 shows one embodiment of a network appliance,
according to one embodiment of the invention. Network appliance 600
may include many more components than those shown. The components
shown, however, are sufficient to disclose an illustrative
embodiment for practicing the invention. In addition, although the
invention illustrates use of a network appliance, the invention is
not so constrained, and virtually any network computing device may
be employed, including a server, and the like. In one embodiment,
network appliance 600 may operate as an auditor device, an audit
extension device, or the like, as shown in FIGS. 1-5.
[0081] Network appliance 600 includes processing unit 612, and a
mass memory, all in communication with each other via bus 622. The
mass memory generally includes RAM 616, ROM 632, and one or more
permanent mass storage devices, such as hard disk drive 628, tape
drive, optical drive, and/or floppy disk drive. The mass memory
stores operating system 620 for controlling the operation of
network appliance 600. Any general-purpose operating system may be
employed. Basic input/output system ("BIOS") 618 is also provided
for controlling the low-level operation of network appliance 600.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, network appliance 600 also can
communicate with the Internet, or some other communications
network, such as shown in FIGS. 1-5, via network interface unit
610, which is constructed for use with various communication
protocols including the TCP/IP protocol. Network interface unit 610
is sometimes known as a transceiver, transceiving device, network
interface card (NIC), and the like.
[0082] Network appliance 600 may also include an SMTP handler
application for transmitting and receiving email. Network appliance
600 may also include an HTTP handler application for receiving and
handing HTTP requests, and an HTTPS handler application for
handling secure connections. The HTTPS handler application may
initiate communication with an external application in a secure
fashion.
[0083] Network appliance 600 also includes input/output interface
624 for communicating with external devices, such as a mouse,
keyboard, scanner, or other input devices not shown in FIG. 6.
Likewise, network appliance 600 may further include additional mass
storage facilities such as hard disk drive 628. Hard disk drive 628
is utilized by network appliance 600 to store, among other things,
application programs, databases, and the like.
[0084] The mass memory as described above illustrates another type
of computer-readable media, namely computer storage media. Computer
storage media may include volatile, nonvolatile, removable, and
non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for
storage of information, such as computer readable instructions,
data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of
computer storage media include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or
other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or
other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic
disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium
which can be used to store the desired information and which can be
accessed by a computing device.
[0085] The mass memory also stores program code and data. One or
more applications 650 are loaded into mass memory and run on
operating system 620. Examples of application programs include
email programs, schedulers, calendars, web services, transcoders,
database programs, word processing programs, spreadsheet programs,
and so forth. Mass storage may further include applications such as
Multi Audit extension Manager (MAM) 652.
[0086] MAM 652 enables auditing network vulnerabilities from
multiple network vantage points, virtually simultaneously. MAM 652
may be configured to perform at least those actions described in
conjunction with FIG. 7. For example, MAM 652 extends a reach of an
auditing device, such as shown in FIGS. 1-5, to audit devices on
network perimeters, remote sites, from either side of a security
perimeter, through a security perimeter, or the like.
[0087] MAM 652 may be configured to receive updates that may
include vulnerability tests, hacker signatures, audit tools, or the
like, on an on-going basis, or based on an event, condition, or the
like. MAM 652 may receive the updates automatically, requiring
virtually little or no intervention from an Information Technology
staff, administrator, or the like. MAM 652 may receive such
updates, and provide assessments through a secure network path,
using, such as SSL, TLS, EAP-TLS, or the like. In one embodiment,
the secure network path is encrypted. However, the invention is not
constrained to these protocols, and virtually any encrypted network
protocol may be used to authenticate access and/or encrypt network
traffic between network appliance 600 and another device. Moreover,
MAM 652 may provide an integrated wireless security and auditing
solution for virtually all wireless 802.11x access points and
clients. In addition, in one embodiment, the secure network path is
configured to tunnel through a firewall, across networks, security
perimeters, around security perimeters, or the like.
Generalized Operations
[0088] The operation of certain aspects of the invention will now
be described with respect to FIG. 7 and FIG. 10. FIG. 7 illustrates
a logical flow diagram generally showing one embodiment of a
process of managing a security vulnerability. Process 700 may be
implemented, for example, within auditor 112 and/or audit extension
device 110 of FIG. 1, or the like.
[0089] Process 700 begins, after a start block, at block 702, where
an internal audit is performed upon a network device within a
security perimeter. Thus, the internal audit may include
examination of various aspects of the network device to determine
whether the network device is in compliance with a security policy.
The audits may include, but are not limited, to determining a
configuration of the network device, performing attempts to access
various resources through the network device, or the like. The
audit may be performed based on a predefined schedule, based on an
event, such as a configuration change, a request from another
device, an administrator, or the like. In one embodiment, the
internal audit may produce an internal audit result. The internal
audit result may include a report, a script, a database entry, or
the like. Referring to FIG. 1, the internal audit may be performed
by auditor 112 upon one or more servers 107-108, network 104, or
the like. Similarly, in FIG. 3, the internal audit may be performed
by auditor 312 upon servers 308-309, or the like. Processing then
continues to block 704.
[0090] At block 704, a reflected audit may be performed on one or
more network devices, networks, or the like. In one embodiment, the
reflected audit is initiated by an audit device on one side of a
security perimeter and is performed using an audit extension device
on the other side of the security perimeter. Thus, in one
embodiment, the reflected audit may employ an audit extension
device, such as audit extension device 110 of FIG. 1, audit
extension device 310 of FIG. 3, and/or audit extension devices
410-411 of FIG. 4.
[0091] In one embodiment, the network device to be audited may
reside within the security perimeter, such as servers 107-108 of
FIG. 1. In that configuration, the reflected audit may be reflected
back through the security perimeter by the extension audit device
residing on the outside of the security perimeter. Referring to
FIG. 1, the reflected audit may then be reflected by audit
extension device 110 back through firewall 106 to evaluate one or
more servers 107-108, network 104, or the like.
[0092] In another embodiment, the reflected audit may be sent
through the security perimeter and reflected towards a network
device, network. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the illustrated
audit extension device reflects the audit to one or more servers
205-206 on the outside of the security perimeter. Similarly, the
reflected audit may be sent through the security perimeter and
reflected or redirected towards servers 320-321 of FIG. 3. The
reflected audit result may produce a reflected audit result. In one
embodiment, the reflected audit result may be provided through a
secure network path towards the auditor. Processing then continues
to block 706.
[0093] At block 706, the results of the internal and/or reflected
audits are evaluated to determine whether they indicate compliance
to a security policy. For example, the audit results may indicate
whether that the audited device, network, or the like, includes
adequate network resources and/or security, a determined
configuration, procedures, provides determined responses to
particular events, or the like. Processing then continues to block
708.
[0094] At block 708, based on the determination at block 706, one
or more remediation actions may be performed, including, but not
limited to quarantining a non-compliant device, network, or the
like, performing an action that enables the audited network, device
or the like, to be brought into compliance, or the like. Processing
then may return to a calling process.
[0095] FIG. 10 illustrates a logical flow diagram generally showing
one embodiment of a process of managing a fail-safe mode of
operation. Process 1000 may be implemented, for example, within
auditors 801-802 and/or audit extension devices 830-831 of FIG.
8.
[0096] The terms "master," and "slave," as employed herein describe
a relationship between two (or more) audit network devices. For
example, in one embodiment, an auditor may be designated as a
master network device, while an audit extension device or another
auditor may be designated as a slave network device to the master
network device. Similarly, in another embodiment, one audit
extension device may be designated as a master network device,
while another audit extension device may be designated as a slave
network device to that master.
[0097] Communications may occur between the master network device
and the slave network device that enables the slave to assume a
role of the master in the event of a detected failure or fail-safe
condition. Such communications, for example, may provide
information that enables the master and slave network devices to
share information, such as audit results, state information,
assigned devices, or the like. Such information may be used to
synchronize the master and slave devices. The communications may
also provide information that indicates a failure condition, a
diminished capacity of one of the network devices, or the like. The
communications may, in one embodiment, be over a secure
channel.
[0098] In process 1000, a slave network device may be monitoring
and communicating information with a master network device. Thus,
process 1000 begins, after a start block, at decision block 1002,
where a determination is made whether a fail-safe (e.g., a failure)
condition is detected of a predetermined network device. Such
predetermined network devices include an auditor, an audit
extension device, or the like. The fail-safe condition may include
a diminished capacity of a network device, a network failure, a
rebooting of a network device, or the like. If the fail-safe
condition is detected, then processing continues to block 1004.
Otherwise, processing loops back to decision block 1002.
[0099] At block 1004, a network device assumes the role of the
failed network device. In one embodiment, the slave network device
may assume the role of a master network device. For example, the
slave network device may be an audit extension device, such as one
of audit extension devices 830-831 of FIG. 8. In one embodiment,
the failed master network device may be one of auditor 802 of FIG.
8. Thus, in one embodiment, the audit extension device may assume
the role of the auditor. That is, in one embodiment, the audit
extension device may assume auditor functionality including, for
example, performing quarantines, audits, or the like.
[0100] In another example, the failed network device may be one of
audit extension devices 830-831 of FIG. 8. In this example, another
audit extension device may act as the slave network device and
assume the role of the failed audit extension device. That is, for
example, the other audit extension device may provide a reflected
audit of servers, or the like.
[0101] Processing then continues to decision block 1006, where a
determination is made whether the fail-safe condition is resolved,
or is no longer detected. In one embodiment, the fail-safe
condition may be resolved when it is determined that the failed
network device no longer has diminished capacity, the network has
adequate latency and/or bandwidth, or the network device is
otherwise properly functioning. If the fail-safe condition is
resolved, then processing continues to block 1007. Otherwise,
processing loops back to block 1006.
[0102] At block 1007, the network device relinquishes the role of
the failed network device. In one embodiment, the slave network
device might relinquish the role of performing audits, quarantines,
or the like.
[0103] Processing then continues to decision block 1008, where a
determination is made whether the failed master network device is
an auditor. If the failed master device is not an auditor, then
processing may return to a calling process to perform other
actions. Otherwise, if the failed master device is an auditor, then
processing continues to block 1010 where the slave network device
sends collected information, such as collected audit results,
gathered during its role as the master network device, to the
master network device. Processing then may return to a calling
process to perform other actions.
[0104] It will be understood that each block of the flowchart
illustration, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart
illustration, can be implemented by computer program instructions.
These program instructions may be provided to a processor to
produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute on the
processor, create means for implementing the actions specified in
the flowchart block or blocks. The computer program instructions
may be executed by a processor to cause a series of operational
steps to be performed by the processor to produce a computer
implemented process such that the instructions, which execute on
the processor to provide steps for implementing the actions
specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
[0105] Accordingly, blocks of the flowchart illustration support
combinations of means for performing the specified actions,
combinations of steps for performing the specified actions and
program instruction means for performing the specified actions. It
will also be understood that each block of the flowchart
illustration, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart
illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based
systems which perform the specified actions or steps, or
combinations of special purpose hardware and computer
instructions.
[0106] The above specification, examples, and data provide a
complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition
of the invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be
made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention,
the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.
* * * * *