U.S. patent application number 16/333440 was filed with the patent office on 2019-08-22 for extract of plant powder, and water purifier.
This patent application is currently assigned to Dexerials Corporation. The applicant listed for this patent is Dexerials Corporation. Invention is credited to Takanori FUJITA, Masato HASEGAWA, Masahiko ITO, Ryu SHIMADA.
Application Number | 20190256387 16/333440 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 61765750 |
Filed Date | 2019-08-22 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190256387 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
FUJITA; Takanori ; et
al. |
August 22, 2019 |
EXTRACT OF PLANT POWDER, AND WATER PURIFIER
Abstract
Provided are an extract, which is a fractionated component 1 of
a water extract of a plant powder, wherein the fractionated
component 1 is a fractionated component having a fractionation
molecular weight of 12,000 or greater, wherein an
ethanol-undissolved component of the fractionated component 1
exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic acid in a Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement and exhibits a
peak attributable to cellulose in a gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement, and wherein an ethanol-dissolved
component of the fractionated component 1 exhibits a peak
attributable to carboxylic acid in the FT-IR measurement and
exhibits a peak attributable to a plant protein in the GC-MS
measurement, and a water-purifying agent containing the
extract.
Inventors: |
FUJITA; Takanori; (Tokyo,
JP) ; SHIMADA; Ryu; (Tokyo, JP) ; ITO;
Masahiko; (Tokyo, JP) ; HASEGAWA; Masato;
(Tokyo, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Dexerials Corporation |
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
Dexerials Corporation
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
61765750 |
Appl. No.: |
16/333440 |
Filed: |
September 12, 2017 |
PCT Filed: |
September 12, 2017 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2017/032941 |
371 Date: |
March 14, 2019 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C02F 1/286 20130101;
C02F 2101/203 20130101; C02F 2101/20 20130101; B01J 20/22 20130101;
C02F 1/5263 20130101; C02F 1/56 20130101; C02F 2101/22 20130101;
C02F 2101/103 20130101; C02F 2101/14 20130101; B01D 21/01 20130101;
C02F 1/5236 20130101; C02F 1/5272 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C02F 1/52 20060101
C02F001/52; C02F 1/56 20060101 C02F001/56 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 16, 2016 |
JP |
2016-181619 |
Sep 11, 2017 |
JP |
2017-174021 |
Claims
1. An extract, being formed of: a fractionated component 1 of a
water extract of a plant powder, wherein the fractionated component
1 is a fractionated component having a fractionation molecular
weight of 12,000 or greater, wherein an ethanol-undissolved
component of the fractionated component 1 exhibits a peak
attributable to carboxylic acid in a Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement and exhibits a peak attributable
to cellulose in a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
measurement, and wherein an ethanol-dissolved component of the
fractionated component 1 exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic
acid in the FT-IR measurement and exhibits a peak attributable to a
plant protein in the GC-MS measurement.
2. An extract, being formed of: a fractionated component 2 of a
water extract of a plant powder, wherein the fractionated component
2 is a fractionated component having a fractionation molecular
weight of less than 3,400, wherein an ethanol-undissolved component
of the fractionated component 2 exhibits a peak attributable to an
amide group in a FT-IR measurement, and wherein an
ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated component 2
exhibits a peak attributable to an amide group in the FT-IR
measurement.
3. The extract according to claim 2, wherein the
ethanol-undissolved component and the ethanol-dissolved component
of the fractionated component 2 exhibit peaks of
1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione in a GC-MS measurement.
4. The extract according to claim 2, wherein the fractionated
component 2 is a water-soluble chitosan.
5. A water-purifying agent, comprising: the extract according to
claim 1.
6. A water-purifying agent, comprising: a plant powder, wherein
when the plant powder is subjected to water extraction, an
extracted component, which is formed of a fractionated component 1
having a fractionation molecular weight of 12,000 or greater, is
contained in the plant powder in an amount of 0.5% by mass or
greater, wherein an ethanol-undissolved component of the
fractionated component 1 exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic
acid in a FT-IR measurement and exhibits a peak attributable to
cellulose in a GC-MS measurement, and wherein an ethanol-dissolved
component of the fractionated component 1 exhibits a peak
attributable to carboxylic acid in the FT-IR measurement and
exhibits a peak attributable to a plant protein in the GC-MS
measurement.
7. A water-purifying agent, comprising: a plant powder, wherein
when the plant powder is subjected to water extraction, an
extracted component, which is formed of a fractionated component 2
having a fractionation molecular weight of less than 3,400, is
contained in the plant powder in an amount of 0.05% by mass or
greater, wherein an ethanol-undissolved component of the
fractionated component 2 exhibits a peak attributable to an amide
group in a FT-IR measurement, and wherein an ethanol-dissolved
component of the fractionated component 2 exhibits a peak
attributable to an amide group in the FT-IR measurement.
8. The water-purifying agent according to claim 7, wherein the
ethanol-undissolved component and the ethanol-dissolved component
of the fractionated component 2 exhibit peaks of
1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione in a GC-MS measurement.
9. The water-purifying agent according to claim 7, wherein the
fractionated component 2 is a water-soluble chitosan.
10. (canceled)
11. The water-purifying agent according to claim 5, comprising: a
polymeric flocculant.
12. The water-purifying agent according to claim 11, wherein the
polymeric flocculant is polyacrylamide.
13. A wastewater treatment method, comprising: feeding the
water-purifying agent according to claim 5 to wastewater, to remove
an inorganic unnecessary substance in the wastewater.
14. The wastewater treatment method according to claim 13, wherein
the wastewater is wastewater that comprises the inorganic
unnecessary substance that comprises at least any one selected from
the group consisting of nickel, fluorine, iron, copper, zinc,
chromium, arsenic, cadmium, tin, and lead.
15. A water-purifying agent, comprising: the extract according to
claim 2.
16. A wastewater treatment method, comprising: feeding the
water-purifying agent according to claim 6 to wastewater, to remove
an inorganic unnecessary substance in the wastewater.
17. A wastewater treatment method, comprising: feeding the
water-purifying agent according to claim 7 to wastewater, to remove
an inorganic unnecessary substance in the wastewater.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a plant powder extract and
a water-purifying agent containing the extract, both used for
purification of water such as industrial wastewater.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] In recent years, large amounts of waste liquids including
environmentally hazardous substances such as metal ions and
fluorine ions as inorganic ions have been generated in the
processes for producing various products in plants.
[0003] Meanwhile, regulations on effluence of such inorganic ions
have been becoming gradually strict. In order to comply with the
effluent control, an inorganic ion removing method that can
effectively remove inorganic ions from wastewater including the
inorganic ions and can be carried out as easily and inexpensively
as possible is demanded.
[0004] Hitherto, as the method for removing impurity ions from, for
example, wastewater from plants, for example, a flocculating
precipitation method, an ion-exchange method, a method for
adsorption to an adsorbent such as activated charcoal, an
electrosorption method, and a magnetic adsorption method have been
proposed.
[0005] For example, as the flocculating precipitation method, there
has been proposed a method of performing a step of adding a base to
wastewater in which heavy metal ions are dissolved, to make the
wastewater basic, insolubilize at least part of the heavy metal
ions, and form a suspended solid matter, a step of adding an
inorganic flocculant to the wastewater to make the suspended solid
matter flocculate and settle, a step of adding a polymeric
flocculant to the wastewater to turn the suspended solid matter to
a macrofloc, and an adsorbing step of passing the wastewater
through an adsorption layer containing a cation exchanger formed of
a leafy vegetable such as mulukhiya and Japanese mustard spinach
(see, e.g., PTL 1).
[0006] There has also been proposed a flocculating method of
flocculating and separating particles in a suspension by means of
mixed use or combined use of a flocculant containing at least any
one of mulukhiya, a dried product of mulukhiya, and an extract of
mulukhiya with a polymeric flocculant (see, e.g., PTL 2).
[0007] There have also been proposed a water-purifying agent formed
of a granulated substance containing a mixture of a plant powder
and a polymeric flocculant, and a water-purifying method using the
water-purifying agent (see, e.g., PTL 3).
[0008] However, although it hitherto has been known that plant
powders can be used for water purification of wastewater, what
contribute to water purification, or the specific contributing
components have not been elucidated. Hence, there is a matter of
study left in use of plant powders for water purification of
wastewater.
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
PTL 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No.
2011-194385
PTL 2: JP-A No. 11-114313
PTL 3: JP-A No. 2016-73898
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
[0009] The present invention has an object to identify effective
components in plant powders that contribute to water purification
and provide a water-purifying agent that can exhibit an excellent
water-purifying performance to wastewater efficiently even in a
small amount and infallibly.
Solution to Problem
[0010] Means for solving the above problems are as follows.
<1> An extract, being formed of:
[0011] a fractionated component 1 (hereinafter, may also be
referred to as component 1 in the present invention) of a water
extract of a plant powder,
[0012] wherein the fractionated component 1 is a fractionated
component having a fractionation molecular weight of 12,000 or
greater,
[0013] wherein an ethanol-undissolved component of the fractionated
component 1 exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic acid in a
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement and
exhibits a peak attributable to cellulose in a gas chromatography
mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement, and
[0014] wherein an ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated
component 1 exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic acid in the
FT-IR measurement and exhibits a peak attributable to a plant
protein in the GC-MS measurement.
<2> The extract according to <1>,
[0015] wherein the ethanol-undissolved component and the
ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated component 1 exhibit
the peaks near 1,700 (cm.sup.-1) and near 1,600 (cm.sup.-1) in the
FT-IR measurement.
<3> The extract according to <1> or <2>,
[0016] wherein the fractionated component 1 contains a substance
having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 300,000 or greater
by 50% or greater.
<4> The extract according to any one of <1> to
<3>,
[0017] wherein the plant powder is a powder of Corchorus
olitorius.
<5> An extract, being formed of:
[0018] a fractionated component 2 (hereinafter, may also be
referred to as component 2 in the present invention) of a water
extract of a plant powder,
[0019] wherein the fractionated component 2 is a fractionated
component having a fractionation molecular weight of less than
3,400,
[0020] wherein an ethanol-undissolved component of the fractionated
component 2 exhibits a peak attributable to an amide group in a
FT-IR measurement, and
[0021] wherein an ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated
component 2 exhibits a peak attributable to an amide group in the
FT-IR measurement.
<6> The extract according to <5>,
[0022] wherein the ethanol-undissolved component and the
ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated component 2 exhibit
main peaks in a range of from 1,590 (cm.sup.-1) through 1,630
(cm.sup.-1) in the FT-IR measurement.
<7> The extract according to <5> or <6>,
[0023] wherein the ethanol-undissolved component and the
ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated component 2 exhibit
peaks of 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione in a GC-MS
measurement.
<8> The extract according to any one of <5> to
<7>,
[0024] wherein the fractionated component 2 contains a substance
having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 200 through
2,500 by 90% or greater.
<9> The extract according to any one of <5> to
<8>,
[0025] wherein the fractionated component 2 is a water-soluble
chitosan.
<10> The extract according to any one of <5> to
<9>,
[0026] wherein the plant powder is a powder of Corchorus
olitorius.
<11> A water-purifying agent, including:
[0027] the extract according to any one of <1> to
<4>.
<12> A water-purifying agent, including:
[0028] the water-purifying agent according to <11>; and
[0029] the extract according to any one of <5> to
<10>.
<13> A water-purifying agent, including:
[0030] the extract according to any one of <5> to
<10>.
<14> A water-purifying agent, including:
[0031] a plant powder,
[0032] wherein when the plant powder is subjected to water
extraction, an extracted component, which is formed of a
fractionated component 1 having a fractionation molecular weight of
12,000 or greater, is contained in the plant powder in an amount of
0.5% by mass or greater,
[0033] wherein an ethanol-undissolved component of the fractionated
component 1 exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic acid in a
FT-IR measurement and exhibits a peak attributable to cellulose in
a GC-MS measurement, and
[0034] wherein an ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated
component 1 exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic acid in the
FT-IR measurement and exhibits a peak attributable to a plant
protein in the GC-MS measurement.
<15> The water-purifying agent according to <14>,
[0035] wherein the ethanol-undissolved component and the ethanol
dissolved component of the fractionated component 1 exhibit the
peaks near 1,700 (cm.sup.-1) and near 1,600 (cm.sup.-1) in the
FT-IR measurement.
<16> The water-purifying agent according to <14> or
<15>,
[0036] wherein the fractionated component 1 contains a substance
having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 300,000 or greater
by 50% or greater.
<17> The water-purifying agent according to any one of
<14> to <16>,
[0037] wherein the plant powder is a powder of Corchorus
olitorius.
<18> A water-purifying agent, including:
[0038] a plant powder,
[0039] wherein when the plant powder is subjected to water
extraction, an extracted component, which is formed of a
fractionated component 2 having a fractionation molecular weight of
less than 3,400, is contained in the plant powder in an amount of
0.05% by mass or greater,
[0040] wherein an ethanol-undissolved component of the fractionated
component 2 exhibits a peak attributable to an amide group in a
FT-IR measurement, and
[0041] wherein an ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated
component 2 exhibits a peak attributable to an amide group in the
FT-IR measurement.
<19> The water-purifying agent according to <18>,
[0042] wherein the ethanol-undissolved component and the
ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated component 2 exhibit
main peaks in a range of from 1,590 (cm.sup.-1) through 1,630
(cm.sup.-1) in the FT-IR measurement.
<20> The water-purifying agent according to <18> or
<19>,
[0043] wherein the ethanol-undissolved component and the
ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated component 2 exhibit
peaks of 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione in a GC-MS
measurement.
<21> The water-purifying agent according to any one of
<18> to <20>,
[0044] wherein the fractionated component 2 contains a substance
having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 200 through
2,500 by 90% or greater.
<22> The water-purifying agent according to any one of
<18> to <21>,
[0045] wherein the fractionated component 2 is a water-soluble
chitosan.
<23> The water-purifying agent according to any one of
<18> to <22>,
[0046] wherein the plant powder is a powder of Corchorus
olitorius.
<24> The water-purifying agent according to any one of
<14> to <17>,
[0047] wherein the water-purifying agent is the water-purifying
agent according to any one of <18> to <23>.
<25> The water-purifying agent according to any one of
<11> to <24>, including:
[0048] a polymeric flocculant.
<26> The water-purifying agent according to <25>,
[0049] wherein the polymeric flocculant is polyacrylamide.
<27> A wastewater treatment method, including:
[0050] feeding the water-purifying agent according to any one of
<11> to <26> to wastewater, to remove an inorganic
unnecessary substance in the wastewater.
<28> The wastewater treatment method according to
<27>,
[0051] wherein the wastewater is wastewater including the inorganic
unnecessary substance containing at least any one selected from the
group consisting of nickel, fluorine, iron, copper, zinc, chromium,
arsenic, cadmium, tin, and lead.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0052] The present invention can provide a water-purifying agent
that can exhibit an excellent water-purifying performance to
wastewater efficiently even in a small amount and infallibly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0053] FIG. 1 is an image diagram illustrating a fractionated
component 1 (may also be referred to as component 1) and a
fractionated component 2 (may also be referred to as component 2),
which are the subjects of the present invention among water
extracts of a plant powder;
[0054] FIG. 2 is an image diagram illustrating a method for
extracting the component 1 and the component 2;
[0055] FIG. 3 is a graph plotting a result of an experiment of a
water-purifying effect of the component 1;
[0056] FIG. 4 plots a result of a microscopic IR measurement of the
component 2;
[0057] FIG. 5 is a graph plotting a result of an experiment of a
water-purifying effect of the component 2;
[0058] FIG. 6A plots a result of a Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement of an ethanol-undissolved
component (component A) of the component 1;
[0059] FIG. 6B plots a result of a Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement of an ethanol-dissolved component
(component B) of the component 1;
[0060] FIG. 6C plots a result of a Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement of an ethanol-undissolved
component (component G) of the component 2;
[0061] FIG. 6D plots a result of a Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement of an ethanol-dissolved component
(component H) of the component 2;
[0062] FIG. 7A plots a result of a gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement of the ethanol-undissolved
component (component A) of the component 1;
[0063] FIG. 7B plots a result of a gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement of the ethanol-dissolved component
(component B) of the component 1;
[0064] FIG. 7C plots a result of a gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement of the ethanol-undissolved
component (component G) of the component 2;
[0065] FIG. 7D plots a result of a gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement of the ethanol-dissolved component
(component H) of the component 2;
[0066] FIG. 8A plots a result of a gel permeation chromatograph
(GPC) measurement of the component 1;
[0067] FIG. 8B plots a result of a gel permeation chromatograph
(GPC) measurement of the component 2;
[0068] FIG. 9 is a diagram indicating an identification number of
"intermediate jute No. 3" that may be used in the present
invention; and
[0069] FIG. 10 is a diagram indicating an identification number of
"intermediate kenaf" that may be used in the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(Extract of Plant Powder)
[0070] As a result of earnest studies into the water-purifying
function of a plant powder, the present inventors have found
effective components of a plant powder that contribute to water
purification.
[0071] It has been confirmed that among water extracts of the plant
powder, extracted components, which are formed of a fractionated
component 1 (may also be referred to as component 1 in the present
invention) having a fractionation molecular weight of 12,000 or
greater and a fractionated component 2 (may also be referred to as
component 2 in the present invention) having a fractionation
molecular weight of less than 3,400 illustrated in FIG. 1, each
have an excellent water-purifying action.
[0072] Here, the plant is not particularly limited and any plant
that contains the component 1 and the component 2 in effective
amounts respectively may be used. Preferable examples of the plant
include Corchorus olitorius and mulukhiya.
[0073] Particularly, as Corchorus olitorius, for example, Corchorus
olitorius produced in Nansha City of China, or "intermediate jute
No. 4" under nationally identified hemp 2013, "intermediate jute
No. 3" under varieties identification of registration No. 1209006
in Anhui province, "intermediate jute No. 1" under XPD005-2005, and
"intermediate kenaf" under varieties identification of registration
No. 1209001 in Anhui province, which are identification numbers in
Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, can be suitably used.
[0074] Above all, the "intermediate jute No. 4", the "intermediate
jute No. 3", and the "intermediate kenaf" are more preferable, and
the "intermediate jute No. 4" is particularly preferable.
[0075] The identification number of the "intermediate jute No. 3"
is indicated in FIG. 9. The identification number of the
"intermediate kenaf" is indicated in FIG. 10.
[0076] The "intermediate jute No. 4" has the following
properties.
[0077] Agricultural product type: Jute
<Extract Formed of Fractionated Component 1>
<<Method for Extracting Fractionated Component 1>>
[0078] The fractionated component 1 can be extracted according to a
method illustrated in FIG. 2. Specifically, a dry plant is ground
and subjected to extraction using ethyl acetate. Subsequently, the
extraction residue is further subjected to extraction using
distilled water, to obtain a supernatant. The supernatant is
subjected to dialysis, to separate a component having a
fractionation molecular weight of 12,000 or greater. In this way,
the fractionated component 1 is obtained.
<<Result of Analysis of Fractionated Component 1>>
<<<Result of Analysis of Component A>>
[0079] An ethanol-undissolved component (denoted by component A in
FIG. 1) of the fractionated component 1 was measured by a Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) method. The result of the
measurement is plotted in FIG. 6A. This FT-IR measurement was
performed with FTS-7000e/UMA600, VARIAN, and microscopic diamond
cells. FT-IR measurements of a component B, a component G, and a
component H described below were also performed under the same
conditions.
[0080] As plotted in FIG. 6A, the component A exhibited peaks
attributable to carboxylic acid in the FT-IR measurement. That is,
the component A exhibited peaks near 1,700 (cm.sup.-1) (ketone
stretching) and near 1,600 (cm.sup.-1) (amide stretching).
[0081] The component A was also measured by a gas chromatography
mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The result of the measurement is
plotted in FIG. 7A. This GC-MS measurement was performed with
JMS-600H available from JEOL, using Ionization mode: EI+. GC-MS
measurements of the component B, the component G, and the component
H described below were also performed under the same
conditions.
[0082] As plotted in FIG. 7A, the component A exhibited peaks
attributable to cellulose in the GC-MS measurement.
[0083] Attributions of the peaks (A1) to (A20) in FIG. 7A are
estimated to be as follows.
[0084] (A1): CO.sub.2
[0085] (A2): acetaldehyde
[0086] (A3) .largecircle.: ethanol
[0087] (A4) .largecircle.: acetyl formaldehyde
[0088] (A5) .largecircle.: diacetyl
[0089] (A6) .largecircle.: acetic acid
[0090] (A7) .largecircle.: acetol
[0091] (A8) .DELTA.: toluene
[0092] (A9) .largecircle.: acetoxyacetic acid
[0093] (A10) .largecircle.: 3-furaldehyde
[0094] (A11) .largecircle.: pyruvic acid methyl ester
[0095] (A12) .largecircle.: furfural (2-furaldehyde)
[0096] (A13) .largecircle.: the compound below
##STR00001##
[0097] (A14) .largecircle.: the compound below
##STR00002##
[0098] (A15) .largecircle.: the compound below
##STR00003##
[0099] (A16) .DELTA.: phenol
[0100] (A17) .DELTA.: 4-pyridinol
[0101] (A18) .DELTA.: cresol
[0102] (A19) .DELTA.: indole
[0103] (A20): acetyl tributyl citrate
[0104] The symbol ".largecircle." affixed to the above signs
denotes a peak of a fragment attributable to cellulose.
[0105] The symbol ".DELTA." affixed to the above signs denotes a
peak of a fragment attributable to gluten (plant protein).
<<<Result of Analysis of Component B>>
[0106] An ethanol-dissolved component (denoted by component B in
FIG. 1) of the fractionated component 1 was measured by FT-IR. The
result of the measurement is plotted in FIG. 6B.
[0107] As plotted in FIG. 6B, the component B exhibited peaks
attributable to carboxylic acid in the FT-IR measurement. That is,
the component B exhibited peaks near 1,700 (cm.sup.-1) (ketone
stretching) and near 1,600 (cm.sup.-1) (amide stretching).
[0108] The component B was also measured by GC-MS. The result of
the measurement is plotted in FIG. 7B.
[0109] As plotted in FIG. 7B, the component B exhibited peaks
attributable to a plant protein in the GC-MS measurement.
[0110] Attributions of the peaks (B1) to (B16) in FIG. 7B are
estimated to be as follows.
[0111] (B1): CO.sub.2
[0112] (B2): acetaldehyde
[0113] (B3) .largecircle.: diacetyl
[0114] (B4) .quadrature.: acetic acid
[0115] (B5) .largecircle.: the compound below
##STR00004##
[0116] (B6) .quadrature.: acetic anhydride
[0117] (B7) .largecircle.: pyruvic acid methyl ester
[0118] (B8) .largecircle.: furfural (2-furaldehyde)
[0119] (B9) .largecircle.: the compound below
##STR00005##
[0120] (B10) .largecircle.: the compound below
##STR00006##
[0121] (B11) .DELTA.: phenol
[0122] (B12) .DELTA.: cresol
[0123] (B13) .largecircle.: the compound below
##STR00007##
[0124] (B14) .DELTA.: indole
[0125] (B15): hydroquinone
[0126] (B16): oleamide
[0127] The symbol ".largecircle." affixed to the above signs
denotes a peak of a fragment attributable to cellulose.
[0128] The symbol ".quadrature." affixed to the above signs denotes
a peak of a fragment attributable to cellulose acetate.
[0129] The symbol ".DELTA." affixed to the above signs denotes a
peak of a fragment attributable to gluten (plant protein).
[0130] From the results of the FT-IR measurements and the GC-MS
measurements of the component A and the component B, the component
1 is considered to be formed of uronic acid or carboxylic acid that
has a structure similar to galacturonic acid. Hence, the component
1 is considered to have inorganic ions adsorb thereto and exhibit
an excellent effect in water purification.
[0131] The component 1 was also measured by gel permeation
chromatograph (GPC). The result of the measurement is plotted in
FIG. 8A. This GPC measurement was performed with GPC SYSTEM 21,
Shodex, and TSKgel GMPW. GPC measurement of the component 2
described below was also performed under the same conditions.
[0132] From the result of FIG. 8A, it can be seen that the
component 1 contains a substance having a weight average molecular
weight (Mw) of 300,000 or greater by 50% (area) or greater.
<<Water-Purifying Action of Fractionated Component
1>>
[0133] An experiment of a water-purifying action was performed
using the extract formed of the component 1. The result is plotted
in FIG. 3.
[0134] In FIG. 3, (i) plots the change of the Ni ion concentration
when the extract formed of the component 1 was directly added in
water containing NI. On the other hand, in FIG. 3, (ii) plots the
change of the Ni ion concentration when a commercially available
polymeric flocculant (polyacrylamide: PAM) was added as a
water-purifying agent in water containing Ni.
[0135] From the result of FIG. 3, it was confirmed that the
component 1 was able to improve the water quality (reduction in the
Ni ion concentration) in a smaller amount than the PAM.
<Extract Formed of Fractionated Component 2>
<<Method for Extracting Fractionated Component 2>>
[0136] The fractionated component 2 can be extracted according to
the method illustrated in FIG. 2. Specifically, a component having
a fractionation molecular weight of less than 12,000, which was
obtained by the dialysis described above, is further subjected to
dialysis, to obtain a component having a fractionation molecular
weight of less than 6,000, which is further subjected to dialysis,
to obtain and separate a component having a fractionation molecular
weight of less than 3,400. In this way, the fractionated component
2 is obtained.
<<Result of Analysis of Fractionated Component 2>>
<<<Result of Analysis of Component G>>
[0137] An ethanol-undissolved component (denoted by component G in
FIG. 1) of the fractionated component 2 was measured by FT-IR. The
result of the measurement is plotted in FIG. 6C.
[0138] As plotted in FIG. 6C, the component G exhibits peaks
attributable to an amide group in the FT-IR measurement. That is,
the component G exhibits main peaks in a range of from 1,590
(cm.sup.-1) through 1,630 (cm.sup.-1) (amide stretching).
[0139] The component G was also measured by GC-MS. The result of
the measurement is plotted in FIG. 7C.
[0140] As plotted in FIG. 7C, the component G exhibits peaks of
1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione in the GC-MS measurement.
[0141] Attributions of the peaks (C1) to (C13) in FIG. 7C are
estimated to be as follows.
[0142] (C1): CO.sub.2
[0143] (C2): acetone
[0144] (C3): acetol
[0145] (C4) .DELTA.: toluene
[0146] (C5) x: pyrrole
[0147] (C6): cyclopentanone
[0148] (C7): the compound below
##STR00008##
[0149] (C8) .DELTA.: cresol
[0150] (C9) x: 2-pyrrolidinone
[0151] (C10) x: indole
[0152] (C11): hydroquinone
[0153] (C12): acetyl tributyl citrate
[0154] (C13) x: 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione
[0155] The symbol "x" affixed to the above signs denotes a peak of
a fragment attributable to polysaccharide such as chitin and
chitosan.
[0156] The symbol ".DELTA." affixed to the above signs denotes a
peak of a fragment attributable to gluten (plant protein).
<<<Result of Analysis of Component H>>
[0157] An ethanol-dissolved component (denoted by component H in
FIG. 1) of the fractionated component 2 was measured by FT-IR. The
result of the measurement is plotted in FIG. 6D.
[0158] As plotted in FIG. 6D, the component H exhibits peaks
attributable to an amide group in the FT-IR measurement. That is,
the component H exhibits main peaks in a range of from 1,590
(cm.sup.-1) through 1,630 (cm.sup.-1) (amide stretching).
[0159] The component H was also measured by GC-MS. The result of
the measurement is plotted in FIG. 7D.
[0160] As plotted in FIG. 7D, the component H exhibits peaks of
1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione in the GC-MS measurement.
[0161] Attributions of the peaks (D1) to (D17) in FIG. 7C are
estimated to be as follows.
[0162] (D1): CO.sub.2
[0163] (D2): methyl ethyl ketone
[0164] (D3): acetic acid
[0165] (D4) .largecircle.: acetol
[0166] (D5) .DELTA.: toluene
[0167] (D6) x: pyrrole
[0168] (D7): styrene
[0169] (D8) x: 2-methyl-1H-pyrrole
[0170] (D9) x: the compound below
##STR00009##
[0171] (D10) .DELTA.: phenol
[0172] (D11): p-methoxytoluene
[0173] (D12) .DELTA.: cresol
[0174] (D13): p-ethylphenol
[0175] (D14) x: indole
[0176] (D15): hydroquinone
[0177] (D16): acetyl tributyl citrate
[0178] (D17) x: 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione
[0179] The symbol ".largecircle." affixed to the above sign denotes
a peak of a fragment attributable to cellulose.
[0180] The symbol "x" affixed to the above signs denotes a peak of
a fragment attributable to polysaccharide such as chitin and
chitosan.
[0181] The symbol ".DELTA." affixed to the above signs denotes a
peak of a fragment attributable to gluten (plant protein).
[0182] The result of a microscopic infrared spectroscopy
(microscopic IR) measurement in which the extract formed of the
component 2 was compared with chitosan is plotted in FIG. 4.
[0183] From the results of the FT-IR measurements and the GC-MS
measurements of the component G and the component H and the result
of FIG. 4, the component 2 is considered to be a water-soluble
chitosan. Chitosans (chitins) extracted from, for example,
crustacean are typically water-insoluble, but water-soluble
chitosan is considered to be effective in adsorption of inorganic
ions.
[0184] In the present invention, water solubility means solubility
of 50% by mass of greater in water.
[0185] The component 2 was also measured by GPC. The result of the
measurement is plotted in FIG. 8B.
[0186] From the result of FIG. 8, it can be seen that the component
2 contains a substance having a weight average molecular weight
(Mw) of from 200 through 2,500 by 90% (area) or greater.
<<Water-Purifying Action of Fractionated Component
2>>
[0187] An experiment of a water-purifying action was performed
using the extract formed of the component 2. The result is plotted
in FIG. 5.
[0188] In FIG. 5, (i) plots the change of the Ni ion concentration
when the extract formed of the component 2 was directly added in
water containing Ni. On the other hand, in FIG. 5, (ii) and (iii)
plot the changes of the Ni ion concentration when a commercially
available ZETA ACE as a flocculant and chitosan were added in water
containing Ni.
[0189] From the results of FIG. 5, addition of ZETA ACE in a higher
amount led to greater suppression of floc growth and a poorer water
quality level, whereas the component 2 succeeded in improving the
water quality (reducing the Ni ion concentration) regardless of the
amount of addition. The component 2 is considered to exhibit a
water-purifying effect based on a mechanism that cannot be
explained only by the flocculating effect exhibited by ZETA ACE,
i.e., a mechanism different from a zeta potential.
[0190] Moreover, as plotted in FIG. 5, the component 2 achieved a
result similar to the case of adding chitosan in the wastewater.
Also from this result, the component 2 is considered to be a
chitosan.
(Water-Purifying Agent)
[0191] The water-purifying agent of the present invention contains
a plant powder.
[0192] As the first mode of the water-purifying agent of the
present invention, it is preferable that the plant powder contain
the component 1 or the component 2, or both thereof, which is/are
(Extract of plant powder) described above.
[0193] This is because an effective water-purifying action can be
exhibited efficiently even if the amount of addition is small.
[0194] As the second mode of the water-purifying agent of the
present invention, it is preferable that the water-purifying agent
contain a plant powder that contains extracted component(s) formed
of the component 1 or the component 2, or both thereof in
predetermined effective amount(s).
<First Mode>
[0195] The water-purifying agent of the present invention contains
the component 1 or the component 2, or both thereof extracted by
the production method described above.
[0196] Particularly, it is preferable that the water-purifying
agent of the present invention contain both of the component 1 and
the component 2 extracted by the production method described above.
As plotted in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, it is inferred that the component
1 and the component 2 both have a water-purifying function but have
different mechanisms of the water-purifying function. Hence,
containing both of the components makes it possible to express the
water-purifying function by a plurality of approaches. Therefore, a
water-purifying agent containing both of the component 1 and the
component 2 is more preferable.
<Second Mode>
[0197] The water-purifying agent of the present invention contains
a plant powder containing extracted component(s) formed of the
component 1 or the component 2, or both thereof.
[0198] Here, the component 1 is contained in the plant powder in an
amount of 0.5% by mass or greater, more preferably in an amount of
0.7% by mass, and yet more preferably in an amount of 0.9% by mass
as will be demonstrated by Examples.
[0199] The component 2 is contained in the plant powder in an
amount of 0.05% by mass or greater, and more preferably in an
amount of 0.07% by mass.
[0200] According to the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 2, the
component 1 and the component 2 were extracted from a dried product
of Corchorus olitorius including all leaves, stalks, and roots. As
the yield of each extracted component, the result presented in
Table 1 below was achieved as a result of one experiment example.
The numerals (1) to (5) in Table 1 correspond to the numerals (1)
to (5) in FIG. 2. That is, when the raw material of the plant
powder is regarded as 100 parts by mass, the component 1 was
extracted in an amount of 0.9 parts by mass, and the component 2
was extracted in an amount of 0.07 parts by mass (see the results
of (2) and (5) in Table 1).
[0201] Next, the component 1 and the component 2 were extracted
from a dried product of Corchorus olitorius including only leaves.
The results as the yields of the respective components are
presented below (Table 2 below).
[0202] As can be seen from Table 1 below and Table 2 below, the
yields of the component 1 and the component 2 vary depending on the
plant powder, which is the raw material. Hence, it is preferable to
appropriately adjust the contents of the component 1 and the
component 2 to desired ranges respectively, by varying the ratio
among leaves, stalks, and roots of the plant.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Yield of extracted component (relative to
100.00% of raw material (leaves, stalks, and Fractionation of
molecular weight roots) indicated by (1) in FIG. 2) 12,000~ 0.900%
(indicated by (2) in FIG. 2) 6,000~12,000 0.600% (indicated by (4)
in FIG. 2) 3,400~6,000 0.400% (indicated by (4) in FIG. 2) ~3,400
0.070% (indicated by (5) in FIG. 2)
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Yield of extracted component (relative to
100.00% of raw material (only leaves) Fractionation of molecular
weight indicated by (1) in FIG. 2) 12,000~ 7.000% (indicated by (2)
in FIG. 2) 6,000~12,000 3.000% (indicated by (4) in FIG. 2)
3,400~6,000 0.790% (indicated by (4) in FIG. 2) ~3,400 5.666%
(indicated by (5) in FIG. 2)
<Other Additives>
[0203] In addition to the powder of the plant, the water-purifying
agent may contain additives such as a polymeric flocculant, a
filler, a thickener, a colorant, and a thixotropy imparting agent
as other additives.
<<Polymeric Flocculant>>
[0204] The polymeric flocculant is not particularly limited so long
as the polymeric flocculant exhibits an effect of removing the
inorganic unnecessary substance in wastewater like the powder of
the plant described above. Examples of the polymeric flocculant
include polyacrylamide (PAM), a salt obtained by partially
hydrolyzing polyacrylamide, sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate,
and CMC sodium salt. Among these polymeric flocculants,
polyacrylamide is preferable for use. As the polyacrylamide, for
example, commercially available products FLOPAN AN 956, FLOPAN AN
995SH, FA 920SH, FO 4490, and AN 923 (available from SNF Japan Co.,
Ltd.) can be used.
[0205] It is preferable that the ratio of the component 1 in the
water-purifying agent that also contains the other additives such
as the polymeric flocculant be 0.5% by mass or greater relative to
the total amount of the water-purifying agent.
[0206] It is preferable that the ratio of the component 2 be 0.05%
by mass or greater relative to the total amount of the
water-purifying agent.
(Wastewater Treatment Method)
[0207] A wastewater treatment method of the present invention is
for removing the inorganic unnecessary substance in wastewater by
feeding the water-purifying agent of the present invention
described above to the wastewater.
[0208] Examples of the inorganic unnecessary substance include an
inorganic unnecessary substance that contains at least any one
selected from the group consisting of nickel, fluorine, iron,
copper, zinc, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, and lead.
[0209] The wastewater treatment method of the present invention
will be specifically described.
[0210] For example, it is possible to add the water-purifying agent
of the present invention after an insolubilizing step of adding a
base to wastewater to make the wastewater basic, insolubilize at
least part of the heavy metal ions, and form a suspended solid
matter.
[0211] The water-purifying agent is fed to the wastewater to make
the inorganic unnecessary substance flocculate and settle, and the
settled, separated precipitate is removed. In this way, the
wastewater is purified.
EXAMPLES
[0212] The present invention will be described below by way of
Examples. The present invention should not be construed as being
limited to these Examples.
Example 1
[0213] As the plant, "intermediate jute No. 4", which was Corchorus
olitorius having an identification number 2013 in Institute of Bast
Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, was
used.
[0214] A dried product (containing the component 1 in an amount of
0.56% by mass) of a plant including all leaves, stalks, and roots
of the intermediate jute No. 4 (with a ratio of the leaves in the
plant of 8% by mass) was used.
[0215] The intermediate jute No. 4 was dried and ground, and then
separated through a sieve, in order to use a product with a size of
250 micrometers or less.
[0216] The component 1 being contained in an amount of 0.56% by
mass in the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4 used in
the present Example was confirmed by performing the extracting
operation described below.
[0217] That is, ethyl acetate was added to the dried product of the
intermediate jute No. 4, to obtain a 10% by mass solution, which
was left to stand still at room temperature (23 degrees C.) for 8
hours, followed by filtration through a filter paper. The residue
was washed with ethyl acetate, and then further subjected to
extraction using distilled water, to obtain a supernatant, which
was subjected to dialysis to separate a component having a
fractionation molecular weight of 12,000 or greater, to obtain the
component 1. Then, the ratio of the component 1 relative to the
dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4, which was the raw
material, was calculated.
[0218] To wastewater containing nickel, FeCl.sub.3 was added by 250
ppm as a primary flocculant, and then the water-purifying agent
containing the dried product of Corchorus olitorius containing the
component 1 in an amount of 0.56% by mass was added.
[0219] The initial Ni ion concentration was 60 ppm.
[0220] The result of the nickel ion concentration when the
water-purifying agent of the present invention was added is
presented in Table 3 below. As presented in Table 3, reduction in
the nickel ion concentration was confirmed. With a nickel ion
concentration of 8 ppm or lower, it can be judged that the
water-purifying agent is non-problematic in practical use.
Example 2
[0221] An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example
1, except that unlike in Example 1, the dried product of the
intermediate jute No. 4 was changed to a dried product with a ratio
of leaves of 10% by mass (containing the component 1 in an amount
of 0.7% by mass). As presented in Table 3 below, reduction in the
nickel ion concentration was confirmed in Example 2.
Example 3
[0222] An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example
1, except that unlike in Example 1, the dried product of the
intermediate jute No. 4 was changed to a dried product with a ratio
of leaves of 100% by mass (containing the component 1 in an amount
of 7.0% by mass). As presented in Table 3 below, reduction in the
nickel ion concentration was confirmed in Example 3.
Comparative Example 1
[0223] An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example
1, except that unlike in Example 1, the dried product of the
intermediate jute No. 4 was changed to a dried product mainly
containing stalks and roots but free of leaves (containing the
component 1 in an amount of 0.1% by mass). As presented in Table 3
below, reduction in the nickel ion concentration was poor in
Comparative Example 1.
Comparative Example 2
[0224] An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example
1, except that unlike in Example 1, the dried product of the
intermediate jute No. 4 was changed to a dried product with a ratio
of leaves of 3% by mass (containing the component 1 in an amount of
0.21% by mass). As presented in Table 3 below, a sufficient
reduction in the nickel ion concentration was not achieved in
Comparative Example 2.
Comparative Example 3
[0225] An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example
1, except that unlike in Example 1, the dried product of the
intermediate jute No. 4 was changed to a dried product with a ratio
of leaves of 5% by mass (containing the component 1 in an amount of
0.35% by mass). As presented in Table 3 below, a sufficient
reduction in the nickel ion concentration was not achieved in
Comparative Example 3.
Example 4
[0226] An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example
1, except that unlike in Example 1, an extract formed of the
component 1, extracted from the dried product of the intermediate
jute No. 4, was used instead of the dried product of the
intermediate jute No. 4, and this extract was directly added in an
amount of 50 ppm. As presented in Table 3 below, reduction in the
nickel ion concentration was confirmed in Example 4.
Example 5
[0227] An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example
4, except that unlike in Example 4, the extract formed of the
component 1, extracted from the dried product of the intermediate
jute No. 4, was added with the amount of addition changed to 5 ppm.
As presented in Table 3 below, an excellent reduction in the nickel
ion concentration that is the same as in Example 4 was confirmed
with even such a small amount of addition.
Example 6
[0228] An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example
1, except that unlike in Example 1, as the kind of the plant,
"intermediate jute No. 3", which was Corchorus olitorius having an
identification number in Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese
Academy of Agricultural Sciences, i.e., varieties identification of
registration No. 1209006 in Anhui province, was used instead of the
intermediate jute No. 4.
[0229] Although the nickel ion concentration reducing effect was
better in Example 1, a good nickel ion concentration reducing
effect, which was almost the same as in Example 1, was exhibited in
Example 6.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Amount of Content of Ni ion water-purifying
component 1 in concentration after Part of plant agent added (ppm)
plant (% by mass) treatment (ppm) Comp. Ex. 1 Other than leaves 50
0.1 35 Comp. Ex. 2 3% by mass of leaves 50 0.21 15 Comp. Ex. 3 5%
by mass of leaves 50 0.35 10 Ex. 1 8% by mass of leaves 50 0.56 6
Ex. 2 10% by mass of leaves 50 0.7 5.6 Ex. 3 100% by mass of leaves
50 7.0 5 Ex. 4 Component 1 50 100 Lower than 5 Ex. 5 Component 1 5
100 Lower than 5
* * * * *