U.S. patent application number 16/378614 was filed with the patent office on 2019-08-01 for fiber and wadding.
This patent application is currently assigned to Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. The applicant listed for this patent is Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. Invention is credited to Yasuyuki FUJII, Hideaki KOBAYASHI, Shima NAKANISHI, Yukio ONOHARA.
Application Number | 20190233985 16/378614 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 62019251 |
Filed Date | 2019-08-01 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190233985 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
NAKANISHI; Shima ; et
al. |
August 1, 2019 |
FIBER AND WADDING
Abstract
Provided is a fiber having superior bulkiness despite being a
synthetic fiber, and wadding. The fiber contains inorganic
particles having an average particle diameter of 1 .mu.m to 20
.mu.m within the fiber and fiber pores having a maximum width of
0.1 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m and maximum length of 1 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m are
formed in fiber cross-sections in the axial direction of the fiber.
The wadding contains a fiber A, and the content of fiber A in the
wadding (100% by weight) is 50% by weight to 100% by weight, down
power is 270 cm.sup.3/g to 400 cm.sup.3/g, and the fiber A contains
inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 1 .mu.m
to 20 .mu.m within the fiber.
Inventors: |
NAKANISHI; Shima; (Tokyo,
JP) ; ONOHARA; Yukio; (Tokyo, JP) ; KOBAYASHI;
Hideaki; (Tokyo, JP) ; FUJII; Yasuyuki;
(Tokyo, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation |
Chiyoda-ku |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
Mitsubishi Chemical
Corporation
Chiyoda-ku
JP
|
Family ID: |
62019251 |
Appl. No.: |
16/378614 |
Filed: |
April 9, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
PCT/JP2017/037828 |
Oct 19, 2017 |
|
|
|
16378614 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D04H 1/02 20130101; D01F
6/18 20130101; D02J 1/22 20130101; D01D 5/247 20130101; D01F 1/10
20130101; D03D 15/10 20130101; D01F 6/62 20130101; D04H 1/43
20130101; D01F 6/54 20130101; D01D 5/24 20130101 |
International
Class: |
D03D 15/10 20060101
D03D015/10; D01F 1/10 20060101 D01F001/10; D04H 1/43 20060101
D04H001/43; D04H 1/02 20060101 D04H001/02; D01F 6/62 20060101
D01F006/62; D01D 5/24 20060101 D01D005/24; D02J 1/22 20060101
D02J001/22; D01F 6/18 20060101 D01F006/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Oct 19, 2016 |
JP |
2016-204936 |
Claims
1. A fiber containing inorganic particles having an average
particle diameter of 1 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m within the fiber, wherein
fiber pores having a maximum width of 0.1 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m and
maximum length of 1 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m are formed in fiber
cross-sections in the axial direction of the fiber.
2. The fiber according to claim 1, wherein the content of the
inorganic particles in the fiber (100% by weight) is 1% by weight
to 15% by weight.
3. The fiber according to claim 1, wherein the inter-fiber
coefficient of static friction p.sub.s is 0.33 to 0.45.
4. The fiber according to claim 1, wherein the fiber is an acrylic
fiber.
5. The fiber according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of pores are
formed in the inorganic particles, the pore volume of the inorganic
particles is 0.3 mL/g to 2.0 mL/g, and the specific surface area of
the inorganic particles is 200 m.sup.2/g to 800 m.sup.2/g.
6. The fiber according to claim 1, wherein single fiber fineness is
0.5 dtex to 20 dtex, single fiber strength is 1.8 cN/dtex to 3.0
cN/dtex, and single fiber elongation is 10% to 50%.
7. The fiber according to claim 1, wherein down power is 270
cm.sup.3/g to 400 cm.sup.3/g and Clo value is 3 to 5.
8. The fiber according to claim 1, wherein maximum attainable fiber
temperature when changed from an environment at a temperature of
20.degree. C. and humidity of 40% RH to an environment at a
temperature of 20.degree. C. and humidity of 90% RH is 24.degree.
C. or higher.
9. Wadding using the fiber according to claim 1.
10. Wadding containing a fiber A, wherein the content of fiber A in
the wadding (100% by weight) is 50% by weight to 100% by weight and
down power is 270 cm.sup.3/g to 400 cm.sup.3/g, and the fiber A
contains inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of
1 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m within the fiber.
11. The wadding according to claim 10, wherein fiber pores having a
maximum width of 0.1 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m and maximum length of 1 .mu.m
to 50 .mu.m are formed in fiber cross-sections in the axial
direction of the fiber.
12. The wadding according to claim 10, wherein the Clo value is 3
to 5.
13. The wadding according to claim 10, wherein the content of the
inorganic particles in the fiber A (100% by weight) is 1% by weight
to 15% by weight.
14. The wadding according to claim 10, wherein the fiber A is an
acrylic fiber.
15. The wadding according to claim 10, wherein the pore volume of
the inorganic particles is 0.3 mL/g to 2.0 mL/g and the specific
surface area of the inorganic particles is 200 m.sup.2/g to 800
m.sup.2/g.
16. The wadding according to claim 10, wherein the inter-fiber
coefficient of static friction .mu..sub.s of the fiber A is 0.33 to
0.45, single fiber fineness of the fiber A is 0.5 dtex to 20 dtex,
single fiber strength of the fiber A is 1.8 cN/dtex to 3.0 cN/dtex,
and single fiber elongation of the fiber A is 10% to 50%.
17. The wadding according to claim 10, further containing a
chemical fiber differing from the fiber A, and the single fiber
fineness of the chemical fiber is 0.5 dtex to 2.2 dtex.
18. The wadding according to claim 10, further containing thermal
bonding short fibers, wherein the content of the thermal bonding
short fibers in the wadding (100% by weight) is 5% by weight to 30%
by weight, and at least a portion of the thermal bonding short
fibers are bonded to the fiber A.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a fiber and wadding.
[0002] The present application is a continuation application of
International Application No. PCT/JP2017/037828, filed on Oct. 19,
2017, which claims the benefit of priority of the prior Japanese
Patent Application No. 2016-204936 filed in Japan on Oct. 19, 2016,
the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND ART
[0003] Various types of fibers such as acrylic fibers, nylon fibers
or polyester fibers have their respective characteristics such as a
soft texture, heat retention, shape stability, weather resistance
or dyeability, and are frequently used in the fields of bedding,
clothing and interior.
[0004] In recent years, in response to the rising price of down,
applications using chemical fibers as batting are being deployed in
the clothing and bedding fields as an alternative to down. Down,
which has been mainly used as wadding of bedding or down jackets
and the like, is known to demonstrate rich texture, light weight,
heat retention and bulkiness while also demonstrating a high
recovery rate after being compressed. However, since it is
necessary to breed large numbers of waterfowl in order to obtain
down, not only does this require a large amount of feed, but also
results in problems such as water contamination caused by waterfowl
excrement or the manifestation of infectious diseases and the
proliferation thereof. In addition, in order to make it possible to
use down as wadding, numerous process are required such as feather
collection, sorting, disinfection and defatting. Moreover, work
becomes excessively complex due to the feathers being blown around
during processing, and as a result thereof, bedding using down as
wadding is expensive.
[0005] On the other hand, in the field of clothing, since synthetic
fibers have a lower standard moisture content in comparison with
natural fibers and lack the ability to absorb and release moisture,
the wearer feels hot and sweaty at high temperatures or causes the
generation of static electricity at low temperatures during the
winter in the case of using synthetic fibers as clothing, thereby
preventing these fibers from being considered as preferable
materials in terms of wear comfort.
[0006] In order to eliminate these shortcomings, Patent Document 1,
for example, proposes hollow polyester fibers having fineness of 4
dtex to 18 dtex. However, since the fibers have thick fineness in
order to exhibit bulkiness, heat retention is not that high.
[0007] Although Patent Document 2 proposes polyester fibers to
which have been added inorganic particles such as those of calcium
hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide having superior hydrophilicity,
while Patent Documents 3 and 4 propose polyester fibers to which
have been added silica-based inorganic particles, these particles
are added for the purpose of improving moisture absorption, and do
not contain descriptions relating to improvement of bulkiness.
[0008] Moreover, Patent Document 5 proposes fibers for use as
moisture-absorbent, heat-generating fibers in which inorganic
particles have been adhered to the surface thereof with binder.
PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS
Patent Documents
[0009] Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application,
First Publication No. H8-188918
[0010] Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application,
First Publication No. 2001-192935
[0011] Patent Document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application,
First Publication No. 2001-348733
[0012] Patent Document 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application,
First Publication No. 2002-363824
[0013] Patent Document 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application,
First Publication No. 2002-180375
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0014] An object of the present invention is to provide wadding
that uses fibers in which fiber pores of a specific shape are
formed and demonstrates superior bulkiness despite using synthetic
fibers, and fibers in which fiber pores of a specific shape are
formed for use in wadding having superior bulkiness.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0015] [1] A fiber containing inorganic particles having an average
particle diameter of 1 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m within the fiber, wherein
fiber pores having a maximum width of 0.1 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m and
maximum length of 1 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m are formed in fiber
cross-sections in the axial direction of the fiber.
[0016] [2] The fiber described in [1], wherein the content of the
inorganic particles in the fiber (100% by weight) is 1% by weight
to 15% by weight.
[0017] [3] The fiber described in [1] or [2], wherein the
inter-fiber coefficient of static friction p.sub.3 is 0.33 to
0.45.
[0018] [4] The fiber described in any of [1] to [3], wherein the
fiber is an acrylic fiber.
[0019] [5] The fiber described in any of [1] to [4], wherein a
plurality of pores are formed in the inorganic particles, the pore
volume of the inorganic particles is 0.3 mL/g to 2.0 mL/g, and the
specific surface area of the inorganic particles is 200 m.sup.2/g
to 800 m.sup.2/g.
[0020] [6] The fiber described in any of [1] to [5], wherein single
fiber fineness is 0.5 dtex to 20 dtex, single fiber strength is 1.8
cN/dtex to 3.0 cN/dtex, and single fiber elongation is 10% to
50%.
[0021] [7] The fiber described in any of [1] to [6], wherein down
power is 270 cm.sup.3/g to 400 cm.sup.3/g and Clo value is 3 to
5.
[0022] [8] The fiber described in any of [1] to [7] , wherein
maximum attainable fiber temperature when changed from an
environment at a temperature of 20.degree. C. and humidity of 40%
RH to an environment at a temperature of 20.degree. C..degree. and
humidity of 90% RH is 24.degree. C. or higher.
[0023] [9] Wadding using the fiber described in any of [1] to
[8].
[0024] [10] Wadding containing a fiber A, wherein the content of
fiber A in the wadding (100% by weight) is 50% by weight to 100% by
weight and down power is 270 cm.sup.3/g to 400 cm.sup.3/g, and the
fiber A contains inorganic particles having an average particle
diameter of 1 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m within the fiber.
[0025] [11] The wadding described in [10], wherein fiber pores
having a maximum width of 0.1 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m and maximum length
of 1 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m are formed in fiber cross-sections in the
axial direction of the fiber.
[0026] [12] The wadding described in [10] or [11], wherein the Clo
value is 3 to 5.
[0027] [13] The wadding described in any of [10] to [12], wherein
the content of the inorganic particles in the fiber A (100% by
weight) is 1% by weight to 15% by weight.
[0028] [14] The wadding described in any of [10] to [13], wherein
the fiber A is an acrylic fiber.
[0029] [15] The wadding described in any of [10] to [14], wherein
the pore volume of the inorganic particles is 0.3 mL/g to 2.0 mL/g
and the specific surface area of the inorganic particles is 200
m.sup.2/g to 800 m.sup.2/g.
[0030] [16] The wadding described in any of [10] to [15], wherein
the inter-fiber coefficient of static friction .mu..sub.s of the
fiber A is 0.33 to 0.45, single fiber fineness of the fiber A is
0.5 dtex to 20 dtex, single fiber strength of the fiber A is 1.8
cN/dtex to 3.0 cN/dtex, and single fiber elongation of the fiber A
is 10% to 50%.
[0031] [17] The wadding described in any of [10] to [16], further
containing a chemical fiber differing from the fiber A, and the
single fiber fineness of the chemical fiber is 0.5 dtex to 2.2
dtex.
[0032] [18] The wadding described in any of [10] to [17], further
containing thermal bonding short fibers, wherein the content of the
thermal bonding short fibers in the wadding (100% by weight) is 5%
by weight to 30% by weight, and at least a portion of the thermal
bonding short fibers are bonded to the fiber A.
Effects of the Invention
[0033] According to the present invention, fiber pores of a
specific shape can be formed in a fiber and a fiber having superior
bulkiness can be obtained by kneading inorganic particles having an
average particle diameter of 1 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m into the fiber,
and wadding having superior bulkiness can be obtained using that
fiber.
[0034] The fiber of the present invention is provided with moisture
retention and moisture-absorbent heat-generation in addition to
superior bulkiness.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] FIG. 1 indicates a fiber cross-sectional view in the axial
direction of the fiber of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the
direction of the arrow indicates the axial direction of the
fiber.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0036] [Fiber]
[0037] The fiber of the present invention contains inorganic
particles having an average particle diameter of 1 .mu.m to 20
.mu.m within the fiber and fiber pores having a maximum width of
0.1 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m and maximum length of 1 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m are
formed in cross-sections of the fiber in the axial direction
thereof.
[0038] The average particle diameter of the inorganic particles
contained in the fiber of the present invention is 1 .mu.m to 20
.mu.m.
[0039] An average particle diameter of the inorganic particles of 1
.mu.m or more facilitates the presence of fiber pores in the axial
direction of the fiber, while an average particle diameter of 20
.mu.m or less facilitates favorable spinnability. From these
viewpoints, the average particle diameter of the inorganic
particles is more preferably 1 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m and even more
preferably 2 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m.
[0040] In the fiber of the present invention, the maximum width of
fiber pores formed in cross-sections of the fiber in the axial
direction thereof is 0.1 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m.
[0041] A maximum width of fiber pores of 0.1 .mu.m or more
facilitates high bulkiness, while a maximum width of 5 .mu.m or
less facilitates a reduction in fiber breakage. From these
viewpoints, the maximum width of the fiber pores is more preferably
1 .mu.m to 4 .mu.m and even more preferably 2 .mu.m to 3 .mu.m.
[0042] In the fiber of the present invention, maximum width of the
fiber pores refers to the width of the portion formed in
cross-sections in the axial direction of the fiber that
demonstrates the maximum value in the direction of the minor axis
of a certain single fiber pore cross-section. In FIG. 1, the
maximum width of the fiber pores is indicated with "B".
[0043] In the fiber of the present invention, the maximum length of
fiber pores formed in cross-sections of the fiber in the axial
direction thereof is 1 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m.
[0044] A maximum length of the fiber pores of 1 .mu.m or more
facilitates high bulkiness, while a maximum length of 50 .mu.m or
less facilitates a reduction in fiber breakage. From these
viewpoints, the maximum length of the fiber pores is more
preferably 10 .mu.m to 45 .mu.m and even more preferably 20 .mu.m
to 40 .mu.m.
[0045] In the fiber of the present invention, maximum length of the
fiber pores refers to the length of the portion formed in
cross-sections in the axial direction of the fiber that
demonstrates the maximum value in the direction of the major axis
of a certain single fiber pore cross-section. In FIG. 1, the
maximum length of the fiber pores is indicated with "A".
[0046] The content of inorganic particles contained in the fiber of
the present invention (100% by weight) is preferably 1% by weight
to 15% by weight.
[0047] A content of inorganic particles of 1% by weight or more
facilitates high down powder of wadding, while an inorganic
particle content of 15% by weight or less facilitates a reduction
in fiber breakage during spinning and favorable spinnability. From
these viewpoints, the content of inorganic particles is more
preferably 1% by weight to 10% by weight and even more preferably
3% by weight to 8% by weight.
[0048] The inorganic particles contained in the fiber of the
present invention are preferably silica-based inorganic
particles.
[0049] More specifically, it is preferable that 50% by weight or
more of the inorganic particles (100% by weight) are inorganic
particles composed of SiO.sub.2, and the content of SiO.sub.2 in
the inorganic particles (100% by weight) is more preferably 95% by
weight or more. The SiO.sub.2 is preferably wet silica from the
viewpoints of having a large pore volume and large specific surface
area and making it possible to increase the size of fiber pores in
the fiber, and specific examples thereof include white carbon,
silica sol, silica gel and synthetic silica.
[0050] The inter-fiber static coefficient of friction .mu..sub.s of
the fiber of the present invention is preferably 0.33 to 0.45.
[0051] A static coefficient of friction .mu..sub.s of 0.33 or more
facilitates maintaining the shape of the wadding and high
bulkiness, while a static coefficient of friction .mu..sub.s of
0.45 or less facilitates favorable resiliency of the wadding. From
these viewpoints, the static coefficient of friction .mu..sub.s is
more preferably 0.34 to 0.42.
[0052] The fiber of the present invention is preferably acrylic
fiber.
[0053] The use of acrylic fiber facilitates the formation of fiber
pores within the fiber.
[0054] In the case the fiber of the present invention is acrylic
fiber, the acrylonitrile-based copolymer having an acrylonitrile
unit for the main constituent unit thereof used in acrylic fiber is
composed of 80% by weight or more of the acrylonitrile unit, and
any other monomers capable of copolymerizing with acrylonitrile can
also be used in combination therewith. Examples thereof include a
copolymer obtained by copolymerization of 80% by weight or more of
acrylonitrile and 20% by weight or less of any other monomers,
e.g., selected from alkyl acrylates such as methyl acrylate or
ethyl acrylate, neutral monomers such as styrene, vinyl acetate,
vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl ethyl ether or
methacrylonitrile, acidic monomers such as acrylic acid,
methacrylic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid,
styrenesulfonic acid or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid,
an ammonium salt or alkaline metal salt thereof. This
acrylonitrile-based copolymer may be produced by any method such as
suspension polymerization, solution polymerization or emulsion
polymerization.
[0055] The inorganic particles contained in the fiber of the
present invention preferably have a plurality of pores formed
therein.
[0056] The pore volume of the inorganic particles in the case of
having a plurality of pores formed therein is preferably 0.3 mL/g
to 2.0 mL/g.
[0057] A pore volume of the inorganic particles of 0.3 mL/g or more
facilitates increasing down power when using in wadding, while a
pore volume of 2.0 mL/g or more makes viscosity of a liquid having
the inorganic particles dispersed therein not too high while also
enabling industrial production. From these viewpoints, the pore
volume of the inorganic particles is more preferably 0.5 mL/g to
2.0 mL/g and even more preferably 1.0 mL/g to 2.0 mL/g.
[0058] Pore volume was measured according to JIS Z 8831-2 (2010)
[ISO15901-2 (2006)].
[0059] In addition, the specific surface area of the inorganic
particles contained in the fiber of the present invention is
preferably 200 m.sup.2/g to 800 m.sup.2/g.
[0060] A specific surface area of the inorganic particles of 200
m.sup.2/g or more facilitates increasing down power when used in
wadding, while specific surface area of 800 m.sup.2/g or less
facilitates sufficient pore volume required for forming the fiber
pores of the fiber. From these viewpoints, the specific surface
area of the inorganic particles is more preferably 200 m.sup.2/g to
800 m.sup.2/g and even more preferably 300 m.sup.2/g to 600
m.sup.2/g.
[0061] Specific surface area was measured according to the BET
method of JIS Z 8830 (2013) [IS09277 (2010)].
[0062] In addition, as one embodiment thereof, the inorganic
particles contained in the fiber of the present invention may have
a plurality of pores formed therein, the pore volume of the
inorganic particles is 0.3 mL/g to 2.0 mL/g, and the specific
surface area of the inorganic particles contained in the fiber of
the present invention is 200 m.sup.2/g to 800 m.sup.2/g.
[0063] The fiber of the present invention preferably has a single
fiber fineness of 0.5 dtex to 20 dtex.
[0064] A single fiber fineness of 0.5 dtex or more makes it
difficult for the fiber to break during spinning resulting in
favorable spinnability, while single fiber fineness of 20 dtex or
less facilitates increased down power and Clo value in the case of
using in wadding. From these viewpoints, single fiber fineness is
more preferably 0.8 dtex to 10 dtex and even more preferably 1.0
dtex to 7.8 dtex.
[0065] The fiber of the present invention preferably has single
fiber strength of 1.8 cN/dtex to 3.0 cN/dtex.
[0066] Single fiber strength of 1.8 cN/dtex or more facilitates a
reduction in the amount of fiber waste generated due to cutting of
single fibers in the carding process when producing wadding, while
single fiber strength of 3.0 cN/dtex facilitates the obtaining of
adequate strength. From these viewpoints, single fiber strength is
more preferably 2.0 cN/dtex to 2.8 cN/dtex.
[0067] The fiber of the present invention preferably has single
fiber elongation of 10% to 50%.
[0068] Single fiber elongation of 10% or more makes it difficult
for fiber waste to be generated in the spinning and cotton opening
processes, while single fiber elongation of 50% or less facilitates
favorable passage in the spinning and cotton opening processes.
From these viewpoints, single fiber elongation is more preferably
20% to 40%.
[0069] In addition, as one embodiment thereof, the fiber of the
present invention may have single fiber fineness of 0.5 dtex to 20
dtex, single fiber strength of 1.8 cN/dtex to 3.0 cN/dtex, and
single fiber elongation of 10% to 50%.
[0070] The fiber of the present invention preferably has down power
of 270 cm.sup.3/g to 400 cm.sup.3/g.
[0071] Fiber down power of 270 cm.sup.3/g or more facilitates high
bulkiness in the case of using as wadding and enables the amount of
cotton used to be reduced, while down power of 400 cm.sup.3/g or
less facilitates a compact size when compressed in the case of
using as wadding of a finished product. From these viewpoints, down
power of the fiber is more preferably 270 cm.sup.3/g to 380
cm.sup.3/g and even more preferably 300 cm.sup.3/g to 350
cm.sup.3/g.
[0072] The fiber of the present invention preferably has a Clo
value of 3 to 5.
[0073] A Clo value of the fiber of the present invention of 3 or
more facilitates the obtaining of a heat retention effect even if
used in small amounts in the case of using as wadding, while a Clo
value of 5 or less makes it difficult to become excessively thick
in the case of using as a finished product. From these viewpoints,
the Clo value is more preferably 3.5 to 4.5.
[0074] In addition, as one bulkiness thereof, the fiber of the
present invention may have down power of 270 cm.sup.3/g to 400
cm.sup.3/g and a Clo value of 3 to 5.
[0075] The fiber of the present invention preferably has a maximum
attainable fiber temperature of 24.degree. C. or higher when
changed from an environment at a temperature of 20.degree. C. and
humidity of 40% RH to an environment at a temperature of 20.degree.
C. and humidity of 90% RH.
[0076] A maximum attainable fiber temperature of 24.degree. C. or
higher under the aforementioned conditions facilitates a sensation
of warmth when touched by a person.
[0077] [Wadding]
[0078] One embodiment of the wadding of the present invention is
wadding that uses the fiber of the present invention.
[0079] Use of the fiber of the present invention makes it possible
to obtain wadding having superior bulkiness.
[0080] Another embodiment of the wadding of the present invention
is wadding in which the content of a fiber A contained in the
wadding (100% by weight) is 50% by weight to 100% by weight and the
wadding has down power of 270 cm.sup.3/g to 400 cm.sup.3/g, wherein
the fiber A is a fiber containing inorganic particles having an
average particle diameter of 1 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m within the
fiber.
[0081] A content of fiber A in the wadding of 50% by weight or more
facilitates high bulkiness of the wadding, while a fiber A content
of 100% or less facilitates the obtaining of a desired bulkiness.
From these viewpoints, the content of fiber A is preferably 60% by
weight or more and even more preferably 70% by weight or more.
[0082] The obtaining of a desired bulkiness makes it possible to
mix in other fibers.
[0083] Examples of other fibers include fibers having a function
such as antibacterial activity or deodorizing activity, natural
fibers such as wool and thermal bonding fibers, and down is
included in the present invention.
[0084] Down power of the wadding of 270 cm.sup.3/g or more
facilitates a reduction in the amount of cotton used when used as
wadding, while down power of 400 cm.sup.3/g or less facilitates a
compact size when compressed in the case of using as wadding of a
finished product. From these viewpoints, down power of the wadding
is preferably 280 cm.sup.3/g to 380 cm.sup.3/g and more preferably
300 cm.sup.3/g to 350 cm.sup.3/g.
[0085] In the wadding of the present invention, the fiber A is
preferably a fiber in which fiber pores having a maximum width of
0.1 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m and maximum length of 1 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m are
formed in a fiber cross-section in the axial direction of the
fiber.
[0086] A maximum width of the fiber pores of 0.1 .mu.m or more
facilitates increased down power of the wadding, while a maximum
width of 5 .mu.m or less results in resistance to decreases in
fiber strength and makes it difficult for the fiber to break. From
these viewpoints, the maximum width of the fiber pores is more
preferably 1 .mu.m to 4 .mu.m.
[0087] A maximum length of the fiber pores of 1 .mu.m or more
facilitates increased down power of the wadding, while a maximum
length of 50 .mu.m or less results in resistance to decreases in
fiber strength and makes it difficult for the fiber to break. From
these viewpoints, the maximum length of the fiber pores is more
preferably 10 .mu.m to 45 .mu.m.
[0088] The wadding of the present invention preferably has a Clo
value of 3 to 5.
[0089] A Clo value of 3 or more facilitates the obtaining of a heat
retention effect even in small amounts, while a Clo value of 5 or
less makes it difficult for the product from becoming excessively
thick in the case of a finished product. From these viewpoints, the
Clo value is more preferably 3.5 to 4.5.
[0090] In the wadding of the present invention, the content of
inorganic particles contained in the fiber A (100% by weight) is
preferably 1% by weight to 15% by weight.
[0091] An inorganic particle content of 1% by weight or more
facilitates an increase in size of the fiber pores and facilitates
increased down power of the wadding when used in a wadding, while
an inorganic particle content of 15% by weight or less, facilitates
a reduction in breakage of the fiber A and makes it easy to
maintain bulkiness. From these viewpoints, the content of inorganic
particles contained in the fiber A is more preferably 1% by weight
to 10% by weight and even more preferably 3% by weight to 8% by
weight.
[0092] In the wadding of the present invention, the fiber A is
preferably acrylic fiber.
[0093] The use of acrylic fiber facilitates the formation of fiber
pores within the fiber as well as increased bulkiness.
[0094] In the wadding of the present invention, the inorganic
particles contained in the fiber A preferably have a plurality of
pores formed therein.
[0095] Pore diameter of the inorganic particles in the case of a
plurality of pores being formed in the inorganic particles is
preferably 0.3 mL/g to 2.0 mL/g.
[0096] A pore diameter of the inorganic particles of 0.3 mL/g or
more facilitates increased down power of the wadding, while a pore
diameter of 2.0 mL/g or less facilitates a reduction in breakage of
the fiber A in an article. From these viewpoints, pore volume of
the inorganic particles is more preferably 0.5 mL/g to 2.0 mL/g and
even more preferably 1.0 mL/g to 2.0 mL/g.
[0097] In the wadding of the present invention, the specific
surface area of the inorganic particles contained in the fiber A is
preferably 200 m.sup.2/g to 800 m.sup.2/g.
[0098] A specific surface area of the inorganic particles of 200
m.sup.2/g or more results in larger fiber pores in the fiber and
facilitates increased down power of the wadding, while specific
surface area of 800 m.sup.2/g or less facilitates the acquisition
the required pore volume for forming the fiber pores of the fiber
A. From these viewpoints, specific surface area of the inorganic
particles is more preferably 200 m.sup.2/g to 800 m.sup.2/g and
even more preferably 300 m.sup.2/g to 600 m.sup.2/g.
[0099] In addition, in one embodiment thereof, the wadding of the
present invention may have a plurality of pores formed in the
inorganic particles contained in the fiber A, the pore volume of
the inorganic particles may be 0.3 mL/g to 2 mL/g, and the specific
surface area of the inorganic particles contained in the fiber A
may be 200 m.sup.2/g to 800 m.sup.2/g.
[0100] In the wadding of the present invention, the inter-fiber
coefficient of static friction p.sub.s of the fiber A is preferably
0.33 to 0.45.
[0101] An inter-fiber coefficient of static friction -L,.sub.5 of
0.33 or more makes it easy to maintain the shape of the wadding and
facilitates increased bulkiness, while an inter-fiber coefficient
of static friction p.sub.s of 0.45 or less facilitates favorable
resiliency of the wadding.
[0102] In the wadding of the present invention, the single fiber
fineness of the fiber A is preferably 0.5 dtex to 20 dtex.
[0103] Single fiber fineness of 0.5 dtex or more facilitates a
reduction in breakage of the fiber A in an article, while single
fiber fineness of 20 dtex or less facilitates increased bulkiness
of the wadding. From these viewpoints, single fiber fineness is
more preferably 0.8 dtex to 10 dtex and even more preferably 1.0
dtex to 7.8 dtex.
[0104] In the wadding of the present invention, single fiber
strength of the fiber A is preferably 1.8 cN/dtex to 3.0
cN/dtex.
[0105] Single fiber strength of 1.8 cN/dtex or more facilitates
reduced breakage of the wadding in an article, while single fiber
strength of 3.0 cN/dtex or more facilitates adequate strength. From
these viewpoints, single fiber strength is more preferably 2.0
cN/dtex or more and even more preferably 2.2 cN/dtex or more.
[0106] In the wadding of the present invention, single fiber
elongation of the fiber A is preferably 10% to 50%.
[0107] Single fiber elongation of 10% or more facilitates reduced
fiber rigidity and a soft texture, while single fiber elongation of
50% or less facilitates favorable compression recovery. From these
viewpoints, single fiber elongation is more preferably 20% to
40%.
[0108] In addition, in one embodiment thereof, the wadding of the
present invention may have an inter-fiber coefficient of static
friction .mu..sub.s of the fiber A of 0.33 to 0.45, single fiber
fineness of the fiber A may be 0.5 dtex to 20 dtex, single fiber
strength of the fiber A may be 1.8 cN/dtex to 3.0 cN/dtex, and
single fiber elongation of the fiber A may be 10% to 50%.
[0109] The wadding of the present invention may further contain
chemical fiber other than the fiber A in which single fiber
fineness is 0.5 dtex to 2.2 dtex.
[0110] Containing a chemical fiber differing from the fiber A and
having a specific single fiber fineness facilitates the imparting
of functions such as antibacterial activity or deodorizing
activity.
[0111] Single fiber fineness of the chemical fiber differing from
fiber A of 0.5 dtex or more facilitates a reduction in breakage of
the fiber A in an article, while single fiber fineness of 2.2 dtex
or less facilitates improvement of heat retention. From these
viewpoints, the single fiber fineness of the chemical fiber
differing from fiber A is more preferably 0.6 dtex to 2.0 dtex and
even more preferably 0.7 dtex to 1.5 dtex.
[0112] The chemical fibers include synthetic fibers, semi-synthetic
fibers, recycled fibers and inorganic fibers, and in the present
invention, refer to fibers described in JIS L 0204-2.
[0113] The wadding of the present invention may further contain
thermal bonding short fibers, the content of thermal bonding short
fibers contained in the wadding (100% by weight) may by 5% by
weight to 30% by weight, and at least a portion of the thermal
bonding short fibers may be bonded to the fiber A.
[0114] A thermal bonding short fiber content of 5% by weight or
more facilitates the obtaining of the effect of preventing offset
of the wadding, while a thermal bonding short fiber content of 30%
by weight or less facilitates inhibition of decreases in bulkiness
and heat retention. From these viewpoints, thermal bonding short
fiber content is more preferably 6% by weight to 25% by weight and
even more preferably 7% by weight to 20% by weight.
[0115] In addition, having at least a portion of the thermal
bonding short fibers bound to the fiber A facilitates the
maintaining of high bulkiness.
[0116] [Fiber Production Method]
[0117] Although the fiber of the present invention can be obtained
by a wet spinning method or dry-wet spinning method, a wet spinning
method is preferably from the viewpoints of productivity and
cost.
[0118] For example, in the case the fiber of the present invention
is acrylic fiber, the fiber production method of the present
invention is characterized by mixing a mixture, obtained by
uniformly mixing 10% by weight to 20% by weight of inorganic
particles having an average particle diameter of 1 .mu.m to 20
.mu.m into a solution obtained by dissolving the aforementioned
acrylonitrile-based copolymer in a solvent, with a solution
obtained by dissolving the acrylonitrile-based copolymer in a
solvent to prepare a spinning dope followed by the spinning
thereof.
[0119] Any solvent capable of dissolving the acrylonitrile-based
copolymer may be used for the solvent. Examples thereof include
organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide,
dimethylsulfoxide or acetone, and among these, dimethylacetamide is
preferable from the viewpoints of productivity of fiber production
and physical properties of the resulting acrylic fiber.
[0120] A dispersion having the inorganic particles dispersed
therein may be added to mix the inorganic particles into the
solution obtained by dissolving the acrylonitrile-based copolymer
in a solvent.
[0121] The dispersion is preferably composed of 3% by weight to 10%
by weight of the acrylonitrile-based copolymer, 3% by weight to 30%
by weight of the inorganic particles, and 60% by weight to 90% by
weight of solvent. An inorganic particle concentration in the
dispersion of 3 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight facilitates
the obtaining of a favorable dispersed state and preferable
spinnability, thereby making this preferable. From these
viewpoints, the inorganic particle concentration in the dispersion
is more preferably 5 parts by weight to 20 parts by weight.
[0122] The spinning dope is preferably composed of 15 parts by
weight to 30 parts by weight, and preferably 18 parts by weight to
25 parts by weight, of the acrylonitrile-based copolymer, 1.5 parts
by weight to 6 parts by weight of the inorganic particles, and 70
parts by weight to 85 parts by weight of solvent . A content of
acrylonitrile-based copolymer in the spinning dope that is within
the aforementioned ranges facilitates favorable spinnability in
terms of yarn breakage and productivity.
[0123] The dissolution temperature at which the acrylonitrile-based
polymer dissolves in a solvent is preferably 40.degree. C. to
95.degree. C. A dissolution temperature of 40.degree. C. or higher
reduces undissolved copolymer, enables the service life of the
filter material in a filter press or other filtration equipment to
be correspondingly lengthened, and eliminates a loss of thread
formability, thereby making this preferable. On the other hand, a
dissolution temperature of 95.degree. C. or lower increases
resistance to discoloration of the copolymer, thereby making this
preferable.
[0124] In addition, the temperature of the spinning dope after
having dissolved the acrylonitrile-based polymer in a solvent is
preferably 40.degree. C. to 95.degree. C. A spinning dope
temperature within the aforementioned range facilitates thread
formability of the spinning dope, prevention of increased nozzle
pressure due to low viscosity and gelation of the spinning dope,
thereby resulting in favorable spinnability.
[0125] Next, the spinning dope is discharged from spinning nozzles
having a plurality of discharge holes into a solution having a
solvent concentration of 40% by weight to 60% by weight and at a
temperature of 35.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. to obtain coagulated
fiber bundles.
[0126] A solvent concentration and temperature within the
aforementioned ranges prevents coagulation from occurring
excessively rapidly and enables the production of fibers having
favorable passage in the carding process.
[0127] The jet stretch during discharge from the discharge holes of
the spinning nozzles is preferably 0.4 to 2.2. Jet stretch refers
to the value obtained by dividing the take-up speed of the
coagulated fibers by discharge linear velocity.
[0128] Jet stretch of 0.4 or more makes it difficult for nozzle
pressure to rise and prolongs continuous production time, thereby
making this preferable, while jet stretch of 2.2 or less
facilitates a reduction in thread breakage in the coagulation bath
and results in favorable spinnability. From these viewpoints, jet
stretch is more preferably 0.6 to 2.0.
[0129] Jet stretch can be calculated by dividing the take-up speed
when leaving the coagulation bath by discharge linear velocity.
[0130] Moreover, the coagulated fiber bundles are stretched in hot
water by a draw ratio of 2 times to 6 times, imparted with an oily
agent and dried.
[0131] A draw ratio in hot water of 2 times or more facilitates the
obtaining of single fiber strength and single fiber elongation
required in the spinning and cotton opening processes, while a draw
ratio of 6 times or less facilitates a reduction in yarn breakage
caused by spinning.
[0132] The temperature of the hot water during stretching in hot
water is preferably 80.degree. C. to 98.degree. C. A temperature
within this range facilitates prevention of fiber breakage during
stretching in hot water.
[0133] The degree of swelling of the fibers stretched in hot water
is preferably within the range of 80% to 250%. A degree of swelling
within this range facilitates favorable drying and
productivity.
[0134] The dried fiber bundles are crimped and housed in a
container.
[0135] Subsequently, the fibers housed in the container are
subjected to thermal relaxation treatment so as to shrink by 5% to
40% and obtain fibers.
[0136] Thermal relaxation conditions are defined by the degree of
heat shrinkage of the fibers, and fiber heat shrinkage of 5% to 40%
is preferable from the viewpoints of single fiber strength and
single fiber elongation required in the spinning and cotton opening
processes.
[0137] Heat shrinkage refers to the ratio at which the fiber
bundles shrink before and after thermal relaxation treatment.
[0138] The temperature during thermal relaxation is 120.degree. C.
to 145.degree. C. A thermal relaxation temperature of 120.degree.
C. or higher facilitates the obtaining of single fiber strength and
single fiber elongation having favorable passage in the carding
process during spinning, while a thermal relaxation temperature of
145.degree. C. or lower facilitates the obtaining of single fibers
having favorable fiber texture.
[0139] In the case the fiber of the present invention is a fiber
other than acrylic fiber, a fiber of the present invention other
than acrylic fiber can be produced in accordance with a method
self-evident among one of ordinary skill in the art or the
aforementioned acrylic fiber production method.
EXAMPLES
[0140] Although the following provides a detailed explanation of
the present invention by indicating examples and comparative
examples, the present invention is not limited to these
examples.
[0141] (Measurement of Specific Surface Area and Pore Volume)
[0142] Specific surface area and pore volume were measured
according to the nitrogen adsorption method of JIS Z 8830 and JIS Z
8831-2:2010, specific surface area was analyzed with the BET method
and pore volume was analyzed with the BJH method.
[0143] (Measurement of Maximum Width and Maximum Length of
[0144] Fiber Pores in Fiber Axial Direction)
[0145] A small amount of fiber was sampled from acquired raw cotton
followed by uniformly arranging the fiber and embedding with
UV-cured acrylic syrup in the form of a flat sheet. A longitudinal
cross-section of the fiber was cut out with a microtome equipped
with a glass knife. The test piece was then affixed to an SEM
sample stand and fixed in position by adhering with carbon paste.
The test piece was coated with Pt for 20 seconds with a turbo
sputtering system (Emitech, K575XD Sputter Coater) under conditions
of an ion current of 20 mA (coating thickness: approx. 5 nm). The
JSM-6060A manufactured by JEOL Ltd. was used for the SEM, the
accelerating voltage was 10 kV, the probe current was 30 and
measurements were made at magnification factors of 3000X and 5000X.
The SEM images were enlarged to A3 size and printed out followed by
measuring and converting maximum values in the directions of the
long axis and short axis of fiber pore cross-sections formed in the
fiber cross-section with a scale.
[0146] (Measurement of Average Particle Diameter)
[0147] Average particle diameter was measured in compliance with
JIS Z 8825(2013).
[0148] (Measurement of Single Fiber Fineness, Strength and
[0149] Elongation and Static Coefficient of Friction)
[0150] These parameters were measured in compliance with JIS L
1015(2010).
[0151] (Measurement of Down Power)
[0152] Down power was measured in compliance with JIS L 1903.
Pretreatment consisted of steaming.
[0153] (Measurement of Clo Value)
[0154] Heat retention rate was measured using the Thermo Labo II
dry contact method.
[0155] 1. A sample is prepared by inserting 10 g of wadding into a
cushion cover (material: 100% cotton) measuring 20 cm on a
side.
[0156] 2. The prepared sample is placed on a hot plate set to
20.degree. C. using the KES-F7 Thermo Labo II Tester manufactured
by Kato Tech Co., Ltd.
[0157] 3. The quantity of heat (a) radiated through the sample is
determined under conditions of blowing air at the rate of 30
cm/sec.
[0158] 4. The quantity of heat (b) radiated without placing the
sample in the tester is determined and Clo value is calculated
according to Equation 1.
Clo value=0.645.times.[1/(a-b)]
[0159] A higher Clo value indicates superior heat retention.
[0160] (Measurement of Moisture Absorption)
[0161] Moisture absorption was measured according to Moisture
Absorption test Method BQE A 035-2011 drafted by the Boken Quality
Evaluation Institute.
[0162] 5 g of sample are sampled and placed in a polyester
mesh-like net followed by treating for 4 hours with a dryer and
allowing to stand overnight in a desiccator containing silica gel.
Following treatment, a thermocouple temperature sensor was attached
to the center of the sample for use as a test body. After treating
the test body for 2 hours in an environment at 20.degree. C. and
40% RH using a constant temperature and constant humidity chamber,
the temperature of the test body when the settings of the constant
temperature and constant humidity chamber were changed to
20.degree. C. and 90% RH was measured for 15 minutes at 1 minute
intervals followed by confirming the maximum attainable
temperature.
[0163] (Example 1)
[0164] An acrylonitrile-based copolymer consisting of 93% by weight
of an acrylonitrile unit and 7% by weight of a vinyl acetate unit
was dissolved in dimethylacetoamide to obtain an
acrylonitrile-based copolymer solution having a copolymer
concentration of 24.3% by weight and viscosity at 50.degree. C. of
400 poise.
[0165] Moreover, a mixture (1), composed of 6% by weight of an
acrylonitrile-based copolymer consisting of 93% by weight of an
acrylonitrile unit and 7% by weight of a vinyl acetate unit, 12% by
weight of silica-based inorganic microparticles (Fuji Silysia
Chemical, Sylysia 310P, pore volume: 1.6 mL/g, specific surface
area: 300 m.sup.2/g, average particle diameter: 2.7 .mu.m),
obtained by dissolving the acrylonitrile-based polymer in
dimethylacetoamide, and in which the silica-based inorganic
microparticles were uniformly mixed, was obtained.
[0166] This acrylonitrile-based polymer solution and mixture (1)
were uniformly mixed so that the amount of silica-based inorganic
microparticles relative to the combined amount of
acrylonitrile-based copolymer solution and silica-based inorganic
microparticles was 5% by weight to prepare a spinning dope.
[0167] This spinning dope was discharged from a plurality of
discharge holes having a hole diameter of 0.060 mm into an aqueous
solution having a dimethylacetoamide concentration of 56% by weight
and temperature of 41.degree. C. to obtain fiber bundles followed
by stretching by 5.5 times while washing off the solvent with hot
water at 98.degree. C. Continuing, an oily agent was adhered
followed by drying with a plurality of heated rollers set to a
surface temperature of 150.degree. C., crimping, and shaking off
into a container.
[0168] Moreover, the fiber bundles were subjected to thermal
relaxation treatment so as to shrink by 20% followed by cutting
into short fibers to obtain acrylic fiber having a single fiber
fineness of 2.0 dtex and fiber length of 38 mm. The fiber
properties are shown in Table 1.
[0169] (Example 2)
[0170] Acrylic fiber was obtained by spinning in the same manner as
Example 1 with the exception of changing the mixing ratio of the
acrylonitrile-based polymer solution and mixture (1) so that the
content of silica-based inorganic microparticles in the fiber was
3% by weight. The fiber properties are shown in Table 1.
[0171] (Example 3)
[0172] Acrylic fiber was obtained by spinning in the same manner as
Example 1 with the exception of changing the hole diameter of the
discharge holes to 0.100 mm so that the single fiber fineness was 6
dtex. The fiber properties are shown in Table 1.
[0173] (Comparative Example 1)
[0174] Acrylic fiber was obtained by spinning in the same manner as
Example 1 with the exception of spinning by using only the
acrylonitrile-based polymer solution and not mixing in the mixture
(1) containing the silica-based inorganic microparticles at the
time of spinning. The fiber properties are shown in Table 1.
[0175] (Comparative Example 2)
[0176] Acrylic fiber was obtained by spinning in the same manner as
Example 1 with the exception of spinning by using only the
acrylonitrile-based polymer solution and not mixing in the mixture
(1) containing the silica-based inorganic microparticles at the
time of spinning, and discharging from a plurality of discharge
holes having a hole diameter of 0.100 mm so that the single fiber
fineness was 6 dtex. The fiber properties are shown in Table 1.
[0177] (Example 4)
[0178] Wadding was obtained by opening up 100% by weight of the
acrylic fiber obtained in Example 1 with a carding machine. The
results of measuring down power and Clo value of the wadding are
shown in Table 2.
[0179] (Example 5)
[0180] Wadding was obtained by opening up 100% by weight of the
acrylic fiber obtained in Example 2 with a carding machine. The
results of measuring down power and Clo value of the wadding are
shown in Table 2.
[0181] (Example 6)
[0182] Wadding was obtained by blending 50% by weight of the
acrylic fiber obtained in Example 1 with 50% by weight of acrylic
fiber A not containing porous silica (Mitsubishi Chemical Corp.,
product no.: S616, single fiber fineness: 0.8 dtex, fiber length:
38 mm) followed by opening up with a carding machine to obtain
wadding. The results of measuring down power and Clo value of the
wadding are shown in Table 2.
[0183] The wadding demonstrated superior bulkiness of 286
cm.sup.3/g.
[0184] (Example 7)
[0185] Wadding was obtained by blending 50% by weight of the
acrylic fiber obtained in Example 2 with 50% by weight of an
acrylic fiber A not containing porous silica followed by opening up
with a carding machine to obtain wadding. The results of measuring
down power and Clo value of the wadding are shown in Table 2.
[0186] The wadding demonstrated superior bulkiness of 277
cm.sup.3/g.
[0187] (Example 8)
[0188] Wadding was obtained by blending 70% by weight of the
acrylic fiber obtained in Example 1 with 30% by weight of an
acrylic fiber A not containing porous silica followed by opening up
with a carding machine to obtain wadding. The results of measuring
down power of the wadding are shown in Table 2.
[0189] The wadding demonstrated superior bulkiness of 301
cm.sup.3/g.
[0190] (Example 9)
[0191] Wadding was obtained by blending 70% by weight of the
acrylic fiber obtained in Example 2 with 30% by weight of an
acrylic fiber A not containing porous silica followed by opening up
with a carding machine to obtain wadding. The results of measuring
down power and Clo value of the wadding are shown in Table 2.
[0192] The wadding demonstrated superior bulkiness of 279 cm
/g.
[0193] (Comparative Example 3)
[0194] Wadding was obtained by opening up 100% by weight of an
acrylic fiber A not containing porous silica with a carding
machine. The results of measuring down power and Clo value of the
wadding are shown in Table 2.
[0195] The wadding demonstrated inferior bulkiness of 275
cm.sup.3/g.
[0196] Furthermore, hyphens "-" in the table indicate that that
value was not measured.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparative Examples Examples 1 2 3 1 2
Inorganic particle content wt % 5.02 2.99 4.98 0 0 Fineness dtex 2
2.2 5.86 1.9 5.93 Strength cN/dtex 2.5 2.32 2.06 2.9 2.52
Elongation % 32.4 32.5 31.2 36.1 37.1 Coefficient of static
friction 0.403 -- 0.348 0.301 0.38 Fiber pore maximum width .mu.m 3
3 -- Fiber pore maximum length .mu.m 40 40 -- Moisture absorption
maximum .degree. C. 24.9 -- -- 23.6 -- temperature
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comp. Examples Ex. 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 Down power
cm.sup.3/g 312 297 286 277 301 279 275 Clo value 3.01 3.14 3.29
3.22 -- 3.14 3.34
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE SYMBOLS
[0197] 1 Fiber
[0198] 3 Fiber pore
[0199] A Maximum length of fiber pore
[0200] B Maximum width of fiber pore
* * * * *