U.S. patent application number 16/378823 was filed with the patent office on 2019-08-01 for use of acylsulfonamides for improving plant yield.
The applicant listed for this patent is Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH. Invention is credited to Udo BICKERS, Georg BONFIG-PICARD, Erwin HACKER, Martin HESS, Stefan LEHR, Juan Pedro RUIZ-SANTAELLA MORENO, Mathias SCHMIDT, Klaus TRABOLD, Frank ZIEMER.
Application Number | 20190233369 16/378823 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46875792 |
Filed Date | 2019-08-01 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190233369 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
HACKER; Erwin ; et
al. |
August 1, 2019 |
USE OF ACYLSULFONAMIDES FOR IMPROVING PLANT YIELD
Abstract
Compounds (A) can be used for increasing the yield of useful
plants or crop plants with respect to their harvested plant organs,
wherein the Compound (A) is selected from compounds of the formula
(I) or salts thereof, ##STR00001## wherein the symbols are defined
as in claim 1, preferably cyprosulfamide [Compound (A1)].
Inventors: |
HACKER; Erwin; (Hochheim,
DE) ; BONFIG-PICARD; Georg; (Rodenbach, DE) ;
LEHR; Stefan; (Liederbach, DE) ; BICKERS; Udo;
(Koeln, DE) ; HESS; Martin; (Mainz, DE) ;
TRABOLD; Klaus; (Heidelberg, DE) ; SCHMIDT;
Mathias; (Waldems, DE) ; ZIEMER; Frank;
(Kriftel, DE) ; RUIZ-SANTAELLA MORENO; Juan Pedro;
(Leverkusen, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH |
Monheim am Rhein |
|
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
46875792 |
Appl. No.: |
16/378823 |
Filed: |
April 9, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14344391 |
Sep 18, 2014 |
10301257 |
|
|
PCT/EP2012/068096 |
Sep 14, 2012 |
|
|
|
16378823 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07C 311/38 20130101;
Y02A 40/10 20180101; Y02A 40/143 20180101; C07D 405/06 20130101;
A01N 43/653 20130101; A01N 25/00 20130101; A01N 39/04 20130101;
A01N 41/06 20130101; A01N 41/06 20130101; A01N 37/50 20130101; A01N
39/04 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N
39/04 20130101; A01N 39/04 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N
43/653 20130101; A01N 37/50 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101; A01N
2300/00 20130101; A01N 25/00 20130101; A01N 41/06 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C07C 311/38 20060101
C07C311/38; A01N 43/653 20060101 A01N043/653; C07D 405/06 20060101
C07D405/06; A01N 25/00 20060101 A01N025/00; A01N 39/04 20060101
A01N039/04; A01N 41/06 20060101 A01N041/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 16, 2011 |
EP |
11181702.9 |
Claims
1. A method for inducing a growth regulating response in a plant,
in which the plant grows in a normal habitat, thereby increasing
the yield of such plant, wherein the plant is selected from the
group consisting of cereal, canola, soybean, and cotton; wherein
the composition comprises (a) cyprosulfamide or (b) cyprosulfamide
and a fungicide selected from the group consisting of (i)
tebuconazole, (ii) epoxiconazole and (iii) difenoconazole; wherein
the composition is applied in a non-phytotoxic amount with respect
to the plant being treated, wherein the cyprosulfamide is applied
in a range of from 25 g to 100 g active substance per hectare and
the fungicides (i), (ii), or (iii) when present are applied in a
range from 125 g to 375 g active substance per hectare.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compositions is
applied in combination with one or more compounds selected from
insecticides or plant growth regulators.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition
comprises (a) cyprosulfamide as the only agriculturally active
component.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition
comprises (a) cyprosulfamide and (i) tebuconazole as the only
agriculturally active components.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition
comprises (a) cyprosulfamide and (ii) epoxiconazole as the only
agriculturally active components.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition
comprises (a) cyprosulfamide and (iii) difenoconazole as the only
agriculturally active components.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is wheat or
corn.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the applying is to a
plant, a seed from which the plants grows, and/or or locus in which
the plants grows, wherein the treated plant is not under disease
pressure.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the applying is to a
plant, a seed from which the plants grows, and/or or locus in which
the plants grows seed, wherein the treated plant grows in the
absence of abiotic stress conditions.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the applying is to a
plant, a seed from which the plants grows, and/or or locus in which
the plants grows, wherein the treated plant grows in the absence of
extraordinary environmental conditions.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a Divisional application of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 14/344,391, filed Sep. 18, 2014, which is a
.sctn. 371 National Stage Application of PCT/EP2012/068096, filed
Sep. 14, 2012, which claims priority to EP 11181702.9, filed Sep.
16, 2011. Each of these applications is incorporated by reference
in its entirety
BACKGROUND
Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to the use of certain
compounds [Compounds (A)] for the treatment of crop plants for
inducing specific growth regulating responses on the plants, on
seeds from which they grow or on the locus in which they grow in
their normal habitat, preferably in the absence of extraordinary
environmental conditions.
[0003] The term "method for plant growth regulation" or the term
"growth regulation process" or the use of the words "plant growth
regulation" or other terms using the word "regulate" as used in
instant specification relate to a variety of plant responses that
improve some characteristic of the plant. "Plant growth regulators"
are compounds which possess activity in one or more growth
regulation process(es) of a plant. Plant growth regulation is
distinguished here from pesticidal action or growth reduction,
sometimes also defined as a plant growth regulation, the intention
of which, however, is to destroy or stunt the growth of a plant.
For this reason, the compounds used in the practice of this
invention are used in amounts which are non-phytotoxic with respect
to the plant being treated but which stimulate the growth of the
plant or certain parts thereof. Therefore, such compounds may also
be called "plant stimulants", their action may be named "plant
growth stimulation".
[0004] Plant growth regulation is a desirable way to improve plants
and their cropping so as to obtain improved plant growth and better
conditions in agriculture practice compared to non-treated plants.
These kinds of molecules can either inhibit or promote cellular
activities. This means that plant growth regulators identified in
plants most often regulate division, elongation and differentiation
of plant cells in a way that, most often, they have multiple
effects in plants. The trigger event can be seen to be different in
plants in comparison to the one known from animals.
Description of Related Art
[0005] On the molecular level, plant growth regulators may work by
affecting membrane properties, controlling gene expression or
affecting enzyme activity or being active in a combination of at
least two of the before mentioned types of interaction. Plant
growth regulators are chemicals either of natural origin, also
called plant hormones (like non-peptide hormones e.g. auxins,
giberrellins, cytokinins, ethylene, brassinosteroids or abscisic
acid, and salicilic acid), lipooligosaccharides (e.g. Nod factors),
peptides (e.g. systemin), fatty acid derivatives (e.g. jasmonates),
and oligosaccharins (for review see: Biochemistry & Molecular
Biology of the Plant (2000); eds. Buchanan, Gruissem, Jones, pp.
558-562; and 850-929), or they can be synthetically produced
compounds (like derivatives of naturally occurring plant growth
hormones, ethephon). Plant growth regulators which work at very
small concentrations can be found in many cells and tissues, but
they seem to be concentrated in meristems and buds.
[0006] The mode of action of existing plant growth regulators is
often not known. Various targets are discussed and among those,
most of the affected molecules are involved in cell division
regulation, like arresting the cell cycle in stage G1 or G2,
respectively, others for signaling drought stress responses
(Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of the Plant (2000); eds.
Buchanan, Gruissem, Jones, pp. 558-560). In any case, the hormone
control can be identified as an extremely complex cascade of up and
down regulations which, for example, can lead to a growth
stimulation of one organ or cell typus of a plant but also can lead
to a repression in other organs or cell types of the same
plant.
[0007] In many cases, kinases are involved either directly or
indirectly in plant hormone control and among the kinases, protein
kinases are central and highly specific control molecules in
respect to cell cycle control. Such kinases are discussed as
targets for several plant hormones, as it is the case for auxin and
abscisic acid (Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of the Plant
(2000); eds. Buchanan, Gruissem, Jones, pp. 542-565 and pp.
980-985; Morgan (1997), Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol., 13, 261-291;
Amon et al. (1993), Cell, 74, pp. 993-1007; Dynlacht et al. (1997),
Nature, 389, pp. 149-152; Hunt and Nasmyth (1997), Curr. Opin.
Cell. Biol., 9, pp. 765-767; Thomas and Hall (1997), Curr. Opin.
Cell Biol., 9, pp. 782-787). The preparation and use of
2-amino-6-oxypurine derivatives as plant growth regulators is
described in WO20051117.
[0008] Since, however, the ecologic and economic demands on modern
crop treatment compositions are increasing constantly, for example
with respect to toxicity, selectivity, application rate, formation
of residues and favourable manufacture, there is a constant need to
develop novel crop treatment compositions which have advantages
over those known, at least in some areas. It was therefore an
object of the present invention to provide further compounds to be
applied on plants, on seeds from which they grow or on the locus in
which they grow in their normal habitat, for growth regulating
responses, preferably in the absence of abiotic stress conditions.
In this regard it should be mentioned that the term "absence of
abiotic stress conditions" is to be understood in the context of
the present invention to mean that plants or seeds are not exposed
to extraordinary environmental conditions such as extreme drought,
cold and hot conditions, osmotic stress, waterlogging, elevated
soil salinity, elevated exposure to minerals, ozone conditions,
strong light conditions, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients
or limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, particularly
extraordinary environmental conditions beyond normal environmental
fluctuations that may occur under normal plant growing conditions.
Growing in the absence of abiotic stress conditions thus
encompasses growing plants in field conditions whereby the growing
conditions, including nutrient supply, temperature, water supply,
and other conditions are considered average to optimal for the
particular crop species. Growing in the absence of abiotic stress
conditions also encompasses growing plants under greenhouse
conditions which are considered average to optimal for the crop
species.
[0009] Generally, a superior growth may result in an improvement of
growth, for example, with respect to: [0010] germination, [0011]
root growth [0012] shoot development, [0013] sprouting, [0014]
flower development, [0015] photosynthesis performance of the
plants, [0016] leaves growth, preferably growth of the area of
leaves, [0017] plants per area (improved plant density).
[0018] Alternatively, the superior growth may result in an
improvement of crop yield with respect to various parameters such
as: [0019] bio mass, [0020] quantitative fruit yield, [0021] size
of fruits, [0022] quantitative grain yield, [0023] qualitative
yield such as increase in content of desired components, e.g. sugar
content of sugar beet or protein content in cereal grains, gluten
content of grains for the production of glues).
[0024] While the improvement in some of the above growth
characteristics may be effected together, some may be achieved very
specifically with no or even adverse effects on the other
parameters.
[0025] It is thus desired to provide specific useful plant growth
regulation effects on crop plants, that result in superior growth
of these treated plants, certain parts of these plants or specific
crop yield.
[0026] A broader group of compounds selected from the group of
acylsulfonamides is described in WO-A-97/45016, WO-A-99/16744 and
EP-A-365484 and references cited therein; the compounds hereinafter
called "Compounds (A)". From said publications it is known that the
"Compounds (A)" have safener properties. Safeners are used in crops
of useful plants together with pesticides, such as herbicides,
insecticides or fungicides, preferably herbicides, to reduce
phytotoxic effects of the pesticides on the crop plants. A good
safener shall not reduce the desired effect of a pesticide on
target organisms, for example the effect against weed plants in
case of a herbicide as the pesticide. A commercial safener from
Compounds (A) is cyprosulfamide (common name), hereafter also
called "Compound (A1)".
[0027] It is further known from WO 2007/062737 that such
acylsulfonamide safeners have also shown effects to reduce plant
damage of crop plants, specifically of maize plants, against
certain abiotic stress such as extraordinary drought, heat or
chillness.
[0028] According to WO 2010/003444 such acylsulfonamide safeners
have also shown to improve root growth of crop plants, specifically
of maize plants. Additionally, effects in regulating shoot growth
of crop plants, specifically of maize plants, has been described in
the reference too.
[0029] Additionally, effects were described for enhancing the
action of some pesticides by the addition of acylsulfonamide
safeners. So, WO 2008/131854 describes the enhancement of the
action of the defoliant thidiazuron on cotton plants by the
addition of cyprosulfamide. WO 2008/092615 describes the
enhancement of the herbicidal action of the herbicide pinoxaden by
the addition of cyprosulfamide.
SUMMARY
[0030] It has now been found that, surprisingly, a Compound (A),
specifically Compound (A1), can be used for increasing the yield of
useful plants or crop plants with respect to their harvested plant
organs.
[0031] Another object of the invention is a method for increasing
the yield of useful plants or crop plants with respect to their
harvested plant organs wherein a Compound (A), specifically
Compound (A1), is applied in a effective, preferably non-phytotoxic
amount to the crop plants, the seeds from which they grow, or to
the locus in which they grow in their normal habitat, preferably in
the absence of extraordinary environmental conditions.
[0032] The term "useful plants" as used here refers to crop plants
which are employed as plants for obtaining foods, animal feeds or
for industrial purposes as well as horticultural plants.
[0033] In the context of the present invention, the term
"increasing the yield" preferably means a specific yield enhanced
by or more than 2%, more preferably by or more than 5%, more
preferably by or more than 8%, more preferably by or more than 10%,
of the harvested plant organs compared to the untreated control
plants, it being possible for the effects to manifest themselves
individually or else in any combination of effects.
[0034] In the context of the present invention, the term "with
respect to their harvested plant organs" define the plant organs
usually harvested depending on the specific plant to be considered
and products derived therefrom under harvesting. This includes the
whole biomass of several plant organs if these are harvested
together and then may indicate a rather unspecific general effect
on plant growth. However, preferably it defines the harvested seed
in case of seed producing plants, for example the seed of cereal
plants including maize plants, the seed of oil plants such as
oilseed rape or canola, the seed organs of legumes, for example
beans, lentils, peas and soybeans. Preferably the harvested plant
organs encompass also the harvested seed organs of fiber plants
such as cotton plants, preferably the lints of cotton plants taken
from the seed capsules for fiber production.
[0035] Preferably the harvested plant organs encompass also the
harvested organs of beet plants, such as for example sugar beet and
fodder beet.
[0036] The term "with respect to their harvested plant organs" also
encompasses the improvement as to specific parameters of the
harvested plant organs, such as the starch content of seed kernels,
the gluten content of seed kernels, the sugar content of sugar
beets, the protein content of seed kernels.
[0037] Preferably, the plant organs are harvested at a mature stage
of their growth or near their stage of maturity, as this is usual
for harvesting.
[0038] A more preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely (i.e. as the only agrochemical compound) or in combination
with one or more selected agrochemical compound(s), for increasing
the grain yield of crop plants selected from group consisting of
cereals, canola, soybean and cotton crops.
[0039] The term "agrochemical compound" is to be understood as
meaning any compound selected from the group consisting of
herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, bactericides, nematicides,
acaricides, plant-growth regulators and safener.
[0040] Another preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely (i.e. as the only agrochemical compound) or in combination
with one or more selected agrochemical compound(s), for increasing
the protein content of seed kernels of crop plants selected from
group consisting of cereals, canola and soybean crops.
[0041] Another preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the gluten content of seed kernels of
crop plants selected from group consisting of cereals, canola and
soybean crops.
[0042] Another preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the gluten content of seed kernels of
crop plants selected from group consisting of cereal crops.
[0043] Another preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the yield of the amount by weight of
beets of beet plants.
[0044] Another preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the biomass yield of maize plants
growing in the absence of extraordinary environmental
conditions.
[0045] Another preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the sugar content of sugar beets.
[0046] Another preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the biomass yield of sugar plants.
[0047] Another preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the biomass yield of sugar beet plants
growing in the absence of extraordinary environmental
conditions.
[0048] A more preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the grain yield of cereal crops,
preferably wheat, barley, rye, triticale, rice, sorghum, sugarcane
or maize crops.
[0049] A more preferred object of the invention is also the use of
or method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the germination and emergence of rice
crops.
[0050] A more preferred object of the invention is also the use of
or method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the grain yield of oil crops such as
canola crops.
[0051] A more preferred object of the invention is also the use of
or method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the bean yield of legume crops such as
soybean crops.
[0052] A more preferred object of the invention is also the use of
or method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the grain yield of fiber crops such as
cotton crops.
[0053] A more preferred object of the invention is also the use of
or method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the lints yield of fiber crops such as
cotton crops.
[0054] A more preferred object of the invention is also the use of
or method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the beet yield of beet crops such as
sugar beet crops.
[0055] Another preferred object of the invention is the use of or
method of using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more selected agrochemical
compound(s), for increasing the biomass yield of sugar beet or
sugarcane plants.
[0056] Compounds (A) according to the present invention are
understood as being selected from compounds of the formula (I) or
salts thereof,
##STR00002##
wherein [0057] X is CH or N; [0058] R.sup.1 is
--CO--NR.sup.5R.sup.6, --NH--CO--R.sup.7 or
--NH--CO--NR.sup.8R.sup.9, [0059] (R.sup.2).sub.n is a radical
R.sup.2 if n is 1 or represents n radicals R.sup.2 attached to
different carbon ring atoms of the basic ring if n is more than 1,
wherein each R.sup.2 independently of one another is halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy, nitro,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylsulfonyl, [(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy]carbonyl
or [(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl]carbonyl, [0060] R.sup.3 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.4)alkenyl or
(C.sub.2-C.sub.4)alkinyl, [0061] (R.sup.4).sub.m is a radical
R.sup.4 if m is 1 or represents m radicals R.sup.4 attached to
different carbon ring atoms of the basic ring if m and is more than
1, wherein each R.sup.4 independently of one another is halogen,
nitro, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl, phenyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, cyano, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylthio,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylsulfinyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylsulfonyl,
[(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy]carbonyl or
[(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl]carbonyl; [0062] R.sup.5 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkinyl,
(C.sub.5-C.sub.6)cycloalkenyl, phenyl or a 3- to 6-membered
heterocyclyl having 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group
consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein each of the
last-mentioned 7 radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2
or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.2)alkylsulfinyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.2)alkylsulfonyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxycarbonyl,
[(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl]carbonyl and phenyl and, in case of cyclic
basic radicals, also (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, [0063] R.sup.6 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkenyl or (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkinyl, each of the
last-mentioned 3 radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2
or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen,
hydroxyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylthio, or [0064] R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together
with the nitrogen atom attached to represent pyrrolidin-1-yl- or
piperidin-1-yl, [0065] R.sup.7 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl, wherein each of the last-mentioned 2
radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals
selected from the group consisting of halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylthio and, in case of cyclic basic radicals,
also (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl and (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, [0066]
R.sup.8 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.5)alkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkinyl or
(C.sub.3-C.sub.5)cycloalkyl, wherein each of the last-mentioned 4
radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals
selected from the group consisting of halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylthio and, in case of cyclic basic radicals,
also (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl and (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, [0067]
R.sup.9 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.5)alkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkinyl or
(C.sub.3-C.sub.5)cycloalkyl, wherein each of the last-mentioned 4
radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals
selected from the group consisting of halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylthio and, in case of cyclic basic radicals,
also (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl and (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, [0068]
n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, and [0069] m is 0, 1,
2, 3 or 4, preferably 1 or 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0070] More preferred Compounds (A) are compounds of the formula
(Ia) or salts thereof,
##STR00003##
wherein (R.sup.2).sub.n, R.sup.3, (R.sup.4).sub.m, R.sup.5, R.sup.6
n and m are defined as for formula (I), and preferably wherein
[0071] R.sup.3 is hydrogen, [0072] (R.sup.4).sub.m is a radical
R.sup.4 if m is 1 or represents m radicals R.sup.4 attached to
different carbon ring atoms of the basic ring if m and is more than
1, wherein each R.sup.4 independently of one another is halogen,
methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, CF.sub.3,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, [0073]
R.sup.5 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl or (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl,
wherein each of the last-mentioned 2 radicals is unsubstituted or
substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group
consisting of halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.2)alkylsulfinyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.2)alkylsulfonyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxycarbonyl and
[(C.sub.1-C.sub.2)alkyl]carbonyl and, in case of cyclic basic
radicals, also (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, [0074] R.sup.6 is hydrogen or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, preferably hydrogen, [0075] m is 0, 1 or 2,
preferably 1 or 2, and [0076] n is zero.
[0077] More preferred compounds of the formula (Ia) or salts
thereof are those wherein [0078] R.sup.3 is hydrogen, and [0079]
(R.sup.4).sub.m is 2-methoxy and R.sup.5 is cyclopropyl or [0080]
(R.sup.4).sub.m is 5-chloro-2-methoxy and R.sup.5 is cyclopropyl or
[0081] (R.sup.4).sub.m is 2-methoxy and R.sup.5 is ethyl or [0082]
(R.sup.4).sub.m is 5-chloro-2-methoxy and R.sup.5 is isopropyl or
[0083] (R.sup.4).sub.m is 2-methoxy and R.sup.5 is isopropyl, and
[0084] R.sup.6 is hydrogen, and [0085] n is zero.
[0086] Such compounds are known from WO 99/16744.
[0087] Most preferred compound of the formula (Ia) or salts thereof
is the compound wherein [0088] R.sup.3 is hydrogen, [0089]
(R.sup.4).sub.m is 2-methoxy, [0090] R.sup.5 is cyclopropyl, [0091]
R.sup.6 is hydrogen, and [0092] n is zero (common name
"cyprosulfamide"=Compound (A1)).
[0093] Also preferred Compounds (A) are compounds of the formula
(Ib) or salts thereof,
##STR00004##
wherein (R.sup.2).sub.n, R.sup.3, (R.sup.4).sub.m, R.sup.7, n and m
are defined as for formula (I), and preferably wherein [0094]
R.sup.3 is hydrogen, [0095] (R.sup.4).sub.m is a radical R.sup.4 if
m is 1 or represents m radicals R.sup.4 attached to different
carbon ring atoms of the basic ring if m and is more than 1,
wherein each R.sup.4 independently of one another is halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, CF.sub.3, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, [0096] R.sup.7 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl
or (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl, wherein each of the last-mentioned
2 radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals
selected from the group consisting of halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylthio und and, in case of cyclic basic
radicals, also (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, [0097] m is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 1 or
2, and [0098] n is zero.
[0099] Such compounds are known from WO 99/16744.
[0100] Also preferred Compounds (A) are compounds of the above
formula (Ic) or salts thereof,
##STR00005##
wherein (R.sup.2).sub.n, R.sup.3, (R.sup.4).sub.m, R.sup.8,
R.sup.9, n and m are defined as for formula (I), and preferably
wherein [0101] R.sup.3 is hydrogen, [0102] (R.sup.4).sub.m is a
radical R.sup.4 if m is 1 or represents m radicals R.sup.4 attached
to different carbon ring atoms of the basic ring if m and is more
than 1, wherein each R.sup.4 independently of one another is
halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, CF.sub.3,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, preferably
halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, CF.sub.3 or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy [0103] R.sup.8 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.5)alkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkenyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkinyl or (C.sub.3-C.sub.5)cycloalkyl, [0104]
R.sup.9 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.5)alkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkinyl or
(C.sub.3-C.sub.5)cycloalkyl, [0105] m is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 1 or
2, and [0106] n is zero.
[0107] Such compounds are known from EP-A-365484, for instance
specifically [0108]
1-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-urea, [0109]
1-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3-dimethyl-urea, [0110]
1-[4-(N-4,5-dimethylbenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-urea.
[0111] By addition of a suitable inorganic or organic acid, such
as, for example, HCl, HBr, H.sub.2SO.sub.4 or HNO.sub.3, but also
oxalic acid or sulfonic acids, onto a basic group, such as, for
example, amino or alkylamino, the compounds of the formula (I) may
form salts. Suitable substituents present in deprotonated form,
such as, for example, sulfo or carboxy groups, may form inner salts
with groups which for their part can be protonated, such as amino
groups. Salts may also be formed by replacing the hydrogen of
suitable substituents, such as, for example, sulfo or carboxy
groups, or the acidic hydrogen atom of a --SO.sub.2NHCO-- group by
an agriculturally suitable cation. These salts are, for example,
metal salts, in particular alkali metal salts or alkaline earth
metal salts, especially sodium salts and potassium salts, or else
ammonium salts, salts with organic amines or quaternary ammonium
salts.
[0112] The compounds of the formula (I) and agriculturally
acceptable salts thereof used in accordance with the invention are
also referred to hereinafter as "compounds of the formula (I)" for
short", or also Compounds (A).
[0113] In the description of the formulae, including the
accompanying claims, the aforementioned substituents have the
following meanings:
[0114] Halogen means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
[0115] The term "halo" before the name of a radical means that this
radical is partially or completely halogenated, that is to say
substituted by F, Cl, Br or I in any combination. The expression
"(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl" means an unbranched or branched non-cyclic
saturated hydrocarbon radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon
atoms (indicated by a range of C-atoms in the parenthesis), such
as, for example a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-butyl,
2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl or tert-butyl radical. The same applies to
alkyl groups in composite radicals such as "alkoxyalkyl".
[0116] Alkyl radicals and also in composite groups, unless
otherwise defined, preferably have 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
[0117] "(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)Haloalkyl" means an alkyl group mentioned
under the expression "(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl" in which one or more
hydrogen atoms are replaced by the same number of identical or
different halogen atoms, such as monohaloalkyl, perhaloalkyl,
CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2, CH.sub.2F, CHFCH.sub.3, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2,
CF.sub.3CF.sub.2, CHF.sub.2CF.sub.2, CH.sub.2FCHCl, CH.sub.2Cl,
CCl.sub.3, CHCl.sub.2 or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Cl.
[0118] "[(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy](C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl" means
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl which is substituted by one or more
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy groups, preferably by one
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy group.
[0119] "(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)Alkoxy" means an alkoxy group whose carbon
chain has the meaning given under the expression
"(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl". "Haloalkoxy" is, for example, OCF.sub.3,
OCHF.sub.2, OCH.sub.2F, CF.sub.3CF.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3 or
OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2Cl.
[0120] "(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)Alkenyl" means an unbranched or branched
non-cyclic carbon chain having a number of carbon atoms which
corresponds to this stated range and which contains at least one
double bond which can be located in any position of the respective
unsaturated radical. "(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkenyl" accordingly
denotes, for example, the vinyl, allyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl,
2-butenyl, pentenyl, 2-methylpentenyl or the hexenyl group.
[0121] "(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkynyl" means an unbranched or branched
non-cyclic carbon chain having a number of carbon atoms which
corresponds to this stated range and which contains one triple bond
which can be located in any position of the respective unsaturated
radical. "(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkynyl" accordingly denotes, for
example, the propargyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-butynyl or 3-butynyl
group.
[0122] "(C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl" denotes monocyclic alkyl
radicals, such as the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or
cyclohexyl radical.
[0123] "(C.sub.4-C.sub.6)cycloalkenyl" denotes a carbocyclic,
nonaromatic, partially unsaturated ring having 4 to 6 carbon atoms,
for example 1-cyclobutenyl, 2-cyclobutenyl, 1-cyclopentenyl,
2-cyclopentenyl, 3-cyclopentenyl, or 1-cyclohexenyl,
2-cyclohexenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 1,3-cyclohexadienyl or
1,4-cyclohexadienyl.
[0124] The expression "one or more radicals selected from the group
consisting of" in the definition is to be understood as meaning in
each case one or more identical or different radicals selected from
type of radicals defined, unless specific limitations are defined
expressly.
[0125] According to the type and linkage of the substituents, the
compounds of the formula (I) may be present as stereoisomers. The
possible stereoisomers defined by the specific three-dimensional
form thereof, such as enantiomers, diastereomers, Z and E isomers,
are all encompassed by the formula (I). When, for example, one or
more alkenyl groups are present, diastereomers (Z and E isomers)
may occur. When, for example, one or more asymmetric carbon atoms
are present, enantiomers and diastereomers may occur. Stereoisomers
can be obtained from the mixtures obtained in the preparation by
customary separation methods. The chromatographic separation can be
effected either on the analytical scale to find the enantiomeric
excess or the diastereomer excess, or else on the preparative scale
to produce test specimens for biological testing. It is likewise
possible to selectively prepare stereoisomers by using
stereoselective reactions with use of optically active starting
materials and/or assistants. The invention thus also relates to all
stereoisomers which are encompassed by the formula (I) but are not
shown with their specific stereoisomeric form, and mixtures
thereof.
[0126] The radical definitions stated above, in general terms or
listed within areas of preference, apply both to the end products
of the formula (I) and correspondingly to the starting materials
and intermediates required for the preparation in each case. These
radical definitions can be exchanged with one another, i.e.
including combinations between the preferred ranges stated.
[0127] The term "useful plants" as used here refers to crop plants
which are employed as plants for obtaining foods, animal feeds or
for industrial purposes as well as horticultural plants.
[0128] The present invention further provides a method for
treatment of plants, preferably growing in the absence
extraordinary environmental conditions. With "absence of any kind
of extraordinary environmental conditions" is to be understood in
the context of the present invention to mean that plants or seeds
are not exposed to extraordinary environmental conditions such as
extreme drought, cold and hot conditions, osmotic stress,
waterlogging, elevated soil salinity, elevated exposure to
minerals, ozone conditions, strong light conditions, limited
availability of nitrogen nutrients or limited availability of
phosphorus nutrients, particularly extraordinary environmental
conditions beyond normal environmental fluctuations that may occur
under normal plant growing conditions.
[0129] A Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), may be applied
by seed treatment or by preemergence or postemergence applications,
for example under conditions which are known in the art.
[0130] The Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), may be applied
either solely or in combination with one or more agrochemical
compound(s) by seed treatment or by preemergence or postemergence
applications, for example under conditions which are known in the
art.
[0131] The pre-emergence or post-emergence applications may use
spray techniques applying spray solutions of Compound (A),
specifically Compound (A1), either solely or in combination with
one or more agrochemical compound(s). Such spray solutions may
comprise other customary constituents, such as solvents,
formulation aids, especially water. Further constituents may
include active agrochemical ingredients described below.
[0132] The present invention further provides for the use of
corresponding spray solutions for increasing the yield of useful
plants or crop plants with respect to their harvested plant organs.
The remarks which follow apply both to the inventive use of the
compounds of the formula (I) per se and to the corresponding spray
solutions.
[0133] When using Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either
solely or in combination with one or more agrochemical compound(s),
as a plant growth regulator for increasing the yield of useful
plants with respect to their harvested plant organs, for example
for increasing the grain yield of crop plants like those mentioned
above, preferably cereal plants, such as wheat, barley, rye,
triticale, millet, rice or corn (maize), the application rate is,
for example, in the range of from 0.005 (5 mg) to 5000 g active
substance per hectare of soil surface, preferably in the range of
from 0.01 (10 mg) to 2000 g/ha, in particular in the range of from
0.05 (50 mg) to 1000 g/ha of active substance, very particularly
from 10 to 1000 g/ha of active substance, more preferred from 20 to
500 g/ha of active substance, mostly preferred from 25 to 100 g/ha
of active substance.
[0134] A Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either solely or
in combination with one or more agrochemical compound(s), can be
applied to the plants by spraying spray solutions containing the
Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), by distributing granules
containing the Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), on the
soil of the cultivated area, by pouring solutions or dispersions or
granules containing Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), into
the field water (e.g. paddy-rice).
[0135] A Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), either solely or
in combination with one or more agrochemical compound(s), can be
applied the pre-emergence method (pre-sown or similtaneous with
sowing, e.g. pre-plant incorporated or in-furrow treatment, or
after sowing) or the early post-emergence method or later in the
post-emergence period, generally up to full bloom of the useful
plants.
[0136] As an alternative, application as plant growth regulator is
also possible by treating the seed, which includes various
techniques for dressing and coating seed. Here, the application
rate depends on the particular techniques and can be determined in
preliminary tests. Generally, the application rate of Compound (A),
specifically Compound (A1), as active substance in case of a seed
treatment is from 0.001 (1 mg) to 10 grammes active substance (a.
i.) per kilogramme seed, preferably 0.01 (10 mg) to 5 g a. i. per
kg seed, in particular 0.1 (100 mg) to 2 g a, i. per kilogramme
seed.
[0137] If solutions of Compounds (A), preferably Compound (A1),
either solely or in combination with one or more agrochemical
compound(s), are used in the seed treatment method wherein the
seeds are soaked in the active substance's solution, the
concentration of the active substance (a. i.) in the solution is
for example from 1 to 15000 ppm, preferably 10 to 10000 ppm, more
preferably 100 to 5000 ppm based on weight.
[0138] The plant growth regulator is generally applied in a
plant-growth-regulating non-phytotoxic effective amount. By
"non-phytotoxic" is meant an amount of the plant growth regulator
which causes at most minor or no injury to the desired crop species
as regards yield of harvested product.
[0139] When applying the Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1)
or (A2), specifically Compound (A1), either solely or in
combination with other agrochemical compounds), it can be applied
once or by split application in two or more instances while the
single application can be by seed treatment, pre- or
post-emergence. Therefore, it is possible to have combined
applications such as by seed treatment followed by one or more pre-
and/or post-emergence treatments.
[0140] Preferred application is by seed treatment.
[0141] Also preferred is single pre-emergence treatment.
[0142] Also preferred is a single post-emergence treatment.
[0143] Also preferred is a pre-emergence treatment followed by 1, 2
or 3 post-emergence treatments.
[0144] Also preferred is a seed treatment followed by 1, 2 or 3
post-emergence treatments.
[0145] Also preferred is a post-emergence treatment in the stage
betweed early earing and 8 leaves stage.
[0146] Also preferred is a post-emergence treatment of the plants
producing seed in the late vegetation stage up to the generative
stage (between end of shooting and early bloom).
[0147] The Compounds (A), specifically or (A1), can be used as
stand alone product or in combination with one or more other
agrochemical compounds, preferably a pesticide or plant-growth
regulator more preferably a pesticide for which the plant growth
regulator can effectively be used also as a safener. Of particular
interest are combinations of Compounds (A), preferably Compound
(A1), with herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, or plant-growth
regulators especially preferred is the combination with one or
more, preferably one or two agrochemically active compounds
belonging to the class of fungicides.
[0148] The application rate of the pesticides, preferably
herbicides (B) are in the range used for the pesticides (preferably
herbicides) alone and are thus known per se.
[0149] A further preferred object of present invention is the
combined use of Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), in
combination with one or more fungicides, one or more insecticides,
and/or one or more plant growth regulators.
[0150] More specifically, the fungicides to be combined with
Compound (A) or Compound (A1), preferably Compound (A1) are
selected from the group consisting of: benalaxyl [=F-1],
benalaxyl-M [=F-2], bupirimate [=F-3], chiralaxyl [=F-4],
clozylacon [=F-5], dimethirimol [=F-6], ethirimol [=F-7], furalaxyl
[=F-8], hymexazole [=F-9], metalaxyl [=F-10], metalaxyl-M [=F-11],
ofurace [=F-12], oxadixyl [=F-13], oxolinic acid [=F-14], benomyl
[=F-15], carbendazim [=F-16], diethofencarb [=F-17], fuberidazole
[=F-18], fluopicolide [=F-19], pencycuron [=F-20], thiabendazole
[F-21], thiophanate-methyl [=F-22], zoxamide [F-23],
chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazo-
lo[1,5-a]pyrimidine [=F-24], diflumetorim [=F-25], bixafen [=F-26],
boscalid [=F-27], carboxin [=F-28], diflumethorim [=F-29], fenfuram
[=F-30], fluopyram [=F-31], flutolanil [=F-32], furametpyr [=F-33],
mepronil [=F-34], oxycarboxin [=F-35], penflufen [=F-36],
penthiopyrad [F-37], thifluzamid [=F-38],
N-[2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbo-
xamide [=F-39], isopyrazam [=F-40], sedaxane [=F-41],
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazo-
le-4-carboxamide [=F-42],
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-py-
razole-4-carboxamide [=F-43],
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4-fluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl]-1-
-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide [F-44],
N-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-meth-
yl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide [=F-45] and corresponding salts,
amisulbrom [=F-46], azoxystrobin [=F-47], cyazofamid [=F-48],
dimoxystrobin [=F-49], enestrobin [=F-50], famoxadon [=F-51],
fenamidone [=F-52], fluoxastrobin [=F-53], kresoxim-methyl [=F-54],
metominostrobin [=F-55], orysastrobin [=F-56], pyraclostrobin
[=F-57], pyribencarb [=F-58], picoxystrobin [=F-59],
trifloxystrobin [=F-60],
(2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}pheny-
l)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide [=F-61],
(2E)-2-(ethoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl-
]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)ethanamide [=F-62] and
corresponding salts,
(2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)
phenyl]-ethoxy} imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanamide [=F-63],
(2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylethenyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylid-
ene]-amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl ethanamide
[=F-64],
(2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-ylidene]a-
mino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide,
2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxam-
ide [F-65], 5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)
phenyl]-ethylidene} amino) oxy] methyl}
phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one [=F-66], 2-methyl
{2-[({cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)
imino]methyl}sulfanyl)methyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate [=F-67],
N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzamide
[=F-68] and corresponding salts, dinocap [=F-69], fluazinam
[=F-70], fentin acetate [=F-71], fentin chloride [=F-72], fentin
hydroxide [=F-73], silthiofam [=F-74], andoprim [=F-75],
blasticidin-S [=F-76], cyprodinil [=F-77], kasugamycin [=F-78],
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate [=F-79], mepanipyrim [=F-80],
pyrimethanil [=F-81], fenpiclonil [=F-82], fludioxonil [=F-83],
quinoxyfen [=F-84], chlozolinate [=F-85], iprodione [=F-86],
procymidone [=F-87], vinclozolin [=F-88], ampropylfos [=F-89],
potassium-ampropylfos [=F-90], edifenphos [=F-91], iprobenfos (IBP)
[=F-92], isoprothiolane [=F-93], pyrazophos [=F-94],
tolclofos-methyl [=F-95], biphenyl [=F-96], iodocarb [=F-97],
propamocarb [F-98], propamocarb hydrochloride [=F-99], fenhexamid
[=F-100], azaconazole [=F-101], bitertanol [=F-102], bromuconazole
[=F-103], diclobutrazole [=F-104], difenoconazole [=F-105],
diniconazole [=F-106], diniconazole-M [=F-107], epoxiconazole
[=F-108], etaconazole [=F-109], fenbuconazole [=F-110],
fluquinconazole [=F-111], flusilazole [=F-112], flutriafol
[=F-113], furconazole [=F-114], furconazole-cis [=F-115],
hexaconazole [=F-116], imibenconazole [=F-117], ipconazole
[=F-118], metconazole [=F-119], myclobutanil [=F-120],
paclobutrazole [=F-121], penconazole [=F-122], propiconazole
[=F-123], prothioconazole [=F-124], simeconazole [=F-125],
spiroxamine [=F-126], tebuconazole [=F-127], triadimefon [=F-128],
triadimenol [=F-129], triticonazole [=F-130], uniconazole [=F-131],
voriconazole [=F-132], imazalil [=F-133], imazalil sulphate
[=F-134], oxpoconazole [=F-135], fenarimol [=F-136], flurprimidol
[=F-137], nuarimol [=F-138], pyrifenox [=F-139], triforin [=F-140],
pefurazoat [=F-141], prochloraz [=F-142], triflumizole [=F-143],
viniconazole [=F-144], aldimorph [=F-145], dodemorph [=F-146],
dodemorph acetate [=F-147], fenpropimorph [=F-148], tridemorph
[=F-149], fenpropidin [=F-150], naftifin [=F-151], pyributicarb
[=F-152], terbinafin [=F-153],
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol [=F-154],
methyl
1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxyl-
ate [=F-155],
N'-{5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimethyl-silyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-e-
thyl-N-methylimidoformamide [=F-156],
N-ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(trifluorom
ethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamide [=F-157],
O-{1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl}-1H-imidazole-1-carbot-
hioate [=F-158], benthiavalicarb [=F-159], bialaphos [=F-160],
dimethomorph [=F-161], flumorph [=F-162], iprovalicarb [=F-163],
polyoxins [=F-164], polyoxorim [=F-165], validamycin A [=F-166],
capropamide [=F-167], diclocymet [=F-168], fenoxanil [=F-169],
phthalide [=F-170], pyroquilon [=F-171], tricyclazole [=F-172],
acibenzolar-S-methyl [=F-173], probenazole [=F-174], tiadinil
[=F-175], isotianil [=F-176], captafol [=F-177], captan [=F-178],
chlorothalonil [=F-179], copper salts such as: copper hydroxide
[=F-180], copper naphthenate [F-181], copper oxychloride [=F-182],
copper sulphate [=F-183], copper oxide [=F-184], oxine-copper
[=F-185], Bordeaux mixture [=F-186], dichlofluanid [=F-187],
dithianon [=F-188], dodine [=F-189], dodine free base [=F-190],
ferbam [=F-191], folpet [=F-192], fluorofolpet [=F-193], guazatine
[=F-194], guazatine acetate [=F-195], iminoctadine [=F-196],
iminoctadine albesilate [=F-197], iminoctadine triacetate [=F-198],
mancopper [=F-199], mancozeb [=F-200], maneb [=F-201], metiram
[=F-202], metiram zinc [=F-203], propineb [=F-204], sulfur and
sulfur preparations containing calcium polysulfide [=F-205], thiram
[=F-206], tolylfluanid [=F-207], zineb [=F-208], ziram [=F-209],
amibromdol [=F-210], benthiazole [=F-211], bethoxazin [=F-212],
capsimycin [=F-213], carvone [=F-214], chinomethionat [=F-215],
chloropicrin [=F-216], cufraneb [=F-217], cyflufenamid [=F-218],
cymoxanil [=F-219], dazomet [=F-220], debacarb [=F-221],
diclomezine [=F-222], dichlorophen [=F-223], dicloran [=F-224],
difenzoquat [=F-225], difenzoquat methyl sulphate[=F-226],
diphenylamine [=F-227], ethaboxam [=F-228], ferimzone [=F-229],
flumetover [=F-230], flusulfamide [=F-231], fluopicolid [=F-232],
fluoroimid [=F-233], fosatyl-Al [=F-234], hexachlorobenzene
[=F-235], 8 hydroxy-quinoline sulphate [=F-236], iprodione
[=F-237], irumamycin [=F-238], isotianil [=F-239], methasulfocarb
[=F-240], metrafenone [=F-250], methyl isothiocyanate [=F-251],
mildiomycin [=F-252], natamycin [=F-253], nickel dimethyl
dithiocarbamate [=F-254], nitrothal-isopropyl [=F-255], octhilinone
[=F-256], oxamocarb [=F-257], oxyfenthiin [=F-258],
pentachlorophenol [=F-259] and salts, 2-phenylphenol [=F-260] and
salts, piperalin [=F-261], propanosine-sodium [=F-262], proquinazid
[=F-263], pyrrolnitrin [=F-264], quintozene [=F-265], tecloftalam
[=F-266], tecnazene [=F-267], triazoxide [=F-268], trichlamide
[=F-269], zarilamid [=F-270],
2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine [=F-271],
N-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[=F-272], 2-amino-4-methyl-N-phenyl-5-thiazolecarboxamide [=F-273],
2-chloro-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-3-pyridine
carboxamide [=F-274],
3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine
[=F-275],
cis-1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol
[=F-276],
2,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[[[[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylid-
ene]amino] oxy]methyl]phenyl]-3H-1,2,3-triazol-3-one (185336-79-2)
[=F-277], methyl
1-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate,
3,4,5-trichloro-2,6-pyridinedicarbonitrile, methyl
2-[[[cyclopropyl[(4-methoxy-phenyl)imino]methyl]thio]methyl]-alpha-(metho-
xym ethylene)benzacetate [=F-278],
4-chloro-alpha-propynyloxy-N-[2-[3-methoxy-4-(2-propynyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]-
benz acet amide [=F-279],
(2S)--N-[2-[4-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propynyl]oxy]-3-m
ethoxyphenyl]ethyl]-3-methyl-2-[(methylsulfon-yl)amino]butanamide
[=F-280],
5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1-
,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine [=F-281],
5-chloro-6-(2,4,6-trifluoro-phenyl)-N-[(1R)-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]
[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-amine,
5-chloro-N-[(1R)-1,2-dimethylpropyl]-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1,2,4]tria-
zolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-amine [=F-282],
N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichloronicotinamide
[=F-283],
N-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)methyl-2,4-dichloro-nicotinami- de
[=F-284], 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylbenzopyranon-4-one [=F-285],
N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxybenzamide,
2-[[[[1-[3(1-fluoro-2-phenyl ethyl)oxy]phenyl]ethylidene]
amino]oxy]
methyl]-alpha-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-alphaE-benzacetamide
[=F-286],
N-{2-[3-chloro-5-(tri-fluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethyl}-2-(trifluoro
methyl)benzamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-5-fluoro
biphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide
[=F-287], N-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide,
1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylic
acid [=F-288],
O-[1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1H-imidazole-1-carbot-
hioic acid [=F-289],
2-(2-{[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2--
(methoxyimino)-N-methyl acetamide [=F-290,
N--{(Z)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)
imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]
methyl}-2-benzacetamide [=F-291].
[0151] An even more preferred object of present invention, is the
combined use of
(A1)+(F-1), (A1)+(F-2), (A1)+(F-3), (A1)+(F-4), (A1)+(F-5),
(A1)+(F-6), (A1)+(F-7), (A1)+(F-8), (A1)+(F-9), (A1)+(F-10),
(A1)+(F-11), (A1)+(F-12), (A1)+(F-13), (A1)+(F-14),
(A1)+(F-15),
(A1)+(F-16), (A1)+(F-17), (A1)+(F-18), (A1)+(F-19),
(A1)+(F-20),
(A1)+(F-21), (A1)+(F-22), (A1)+(F-23), (A1)+(F-24),
(A1)+(F-25),
(A1)+(F-26), (A1)+(F-27), (A1)+(F-28), (A1)+(F-29),
(A1)+(F-30),
(A1)+(F-31), (A1)+(F-32), (A1)+(F-33), (A1)+(F-34),
(A1)+(F-35),
(A1)+(F-36), (A1)+(F-37), (A1)+(F-38), (A1)+(F-39),
(A1)+(F-40),
(A1)+(F-41), (A1)+(F-42), (A1)+(F-43), (A1)+(F-44),
(A1)+(F-45),
(A1)+(F-46), (A1)+(F-47), (A1)+(F-48), (A1)+(F-49),
(A1)+(F-50),
(A1)+(F-51), (A1)+(F-52), (A1)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-54),
(A1)+(F-55),
(A1)+(F-56), (A1)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-58), (A1)+(F-59),
(A1)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-61), (A1)+(F-62), (A1)+(F-63), (A1)+(F-64),
(A1)+(F-65),
(A1)+(F-66), (A1)+(F-67), (A1)+(F-68), (A1)+(F-69),
(A1)+(F-70),
(A1)+(F-71), (A1)+(F-72), (A1)+(F-73), (A1)+(F-74),
(A1)+(F-75),
(A1)+(F-76), (A1)+(F-77), (A1)+(F-78), (A1)+(F-79),
(A1)+(F-80),
(A1)+(F-81), (A1)+(F-82), (A1)+(F-83), (A1)+(F-84),
(A1)+(F-85),
(A1)+(F-86), (A1)+(F-87), (A1)+(F-88), (A1)+(F-89),
(A1)+(F-90),
(A1)+(F-91), (A1)+(F-92), (A1)+(F-93), (A1)+(F-94),
(A1)+(F-95),
(A1)+(F-96), (A1)+(F-97), (A1)+(F-98), (A1)+(F-99),
(A1)+(F-100),
(A1)+(F-101), (A1)+(F-102), (A1)+(F-103), (A1)+(F-104),
(A1)+(F-105),
(A1)+(F-106), (A1)+(F-107), (A1)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-109),
(A1)+(F-110),
(A1)+(F-111), (A1)+(F-112), (A1)+(F-113), (A1)+(F-114),
(A1)+(F-115),
(A1)+(F-116), (A1)+(F-117), (A1)+(F-118), (A1)+(F-119),
(A1)+(F-120),
(A1)+(F-121), (A1)+(F-122), (A1)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-124),
(A1)+(F-125),
(A1)+(F-126), (A1)+(F-127), (A1)+(F-128), (A1)+(F-129),
(A1)+(F-130),
(A1)+(F-131), (A1)+(F-132), (A1)+(F-133), (A1)+(F-134),
(A1)+(F-135),
(A1)+(F-136), (A1)+(F-137), (A1)+(F-138), (A1)+(F-139),
(A1)+(F-140),
(A1)+(F-141), (A1)+(F-142), (A1)+(F-143), (A1)+(F-144),
(A1)+(F-145),
(A1)+(F-146), (A1)+(F-147), (A1)+(F-148), (A1)+(F-149),
(A1)+(F-150),
(A1)+(F-151), (A1)+(F-152), (A1)+(F-153), (A1)+(F-154),
(A1)+(F-155),
(A1)+(F-156), (A1)+(F-157), (A1)+(F-158), (A1)+(F-159),
(A1)+(F-160),
(A1)+(F-161), (A1)+(F-162), (A1)+(F-163), (A1)+(F-164),
(A1)+(F-165),
(A1)+(F-166), (A1)+(F-167), (A1)+(F-168), (A1)+(F-169),
(A1)+(F-170),
(A1)+(F-171), (A1)+(F-172), (A1)+(F-173), (A1)+(F-174),
(A1)+(F-175),
(A1)+(F-176), (A1)+(F-177), (A1)+(F-178), (A1)+(F-179),
(A1)+(F-180),
(A1)+(F-181), (A1)+(F-182), (A1)+(F-183), (A1)+(F-184),
(A1)+(F-185),
(A1)+(F-186), (A1)+(F-187), (A1)+(F-188), (A1)+(F-189),
(A1)+(F-190),
(A1)+(F-191), (A1)+(F-192), (A1)+(F-193), (A1)+(F-194),
(A1)+(F-195),
(A1)+(F-196), (A1)+(F-197), (A1)+(F-198), (A1)+(F-199),
(A1)+(F-200),
(A1)+(F-201), (A1)+(F-202), (A1)+(F-203), (A1)+(F-204),
(A1)+(F-205),
(A1)+(F-206), (A1)+(F-207), (A1)+(F-208), (A1)+(F-209),
(A1)+(F-210),
(A1)+(F-211), (A1)+(F-212), (A1)+(F-213), (A1)+(F-214),
(A1)+(F-215),
(A1)+(F-216), (A1)+(F-217), (A1)+(F-218), (A1)+(F-219),
(A1)+(F-220),
(A1)+(F-221), (A1)+(F-222), (A1)+(F-223), (A1)+(F-224),
(A1)+(F-225),
(A1)+(F-226), (A1)+(F-227), (A1)+(F-228), (A1)+(F-229),
(A1)+(F-230),
(A1)+(F-231), (A1)+(F-232), (A1)+(F-233), (A1)+(F-234),
(A1)+(F-235),
(A1)+(F-236), (A1)+(F-237), (A1)+(F-238), (A1)+(F-239),
(A1)+(F-240),
(A1)+(F-241), (A1)+(F-242), (A1)+(F-243), (A1)+(F-244),
(A1)+(F-245),
(A1)+(F-246), (A1)+(F-247), (A1)+(F-248), (A1)+(F-249),
(A1)+(F-250),
(A1)+(F-251), (A1)+(F-252), (A1)+(F-253), (A1)+(F-254),
(A1)+(F-255),
(A1)+(F-256), (A1)+(F-257), (A1)+(F-258), (A1)+(F-259),
(A1)+(F-260),
(A1)+(F-261), (A1)+(F-262), (A1)+(F-263), (A1)+(F-264),
(A1)+(F-265),
(A1)+(F-266), (A1)+(F-267), (A1)+(F-268), (A1)+(F-269),
(A1)+(F-270),
(A1)+(F-271), (A1)+(F-272), (A1)+(F-273), (A1)+(F-274),
(A1)+(F-275),
(A1)+(F-276), (A1)+(F-277), (A1)+(F-278), (A1)+(F-279),
(A1)+(F-280),
(A1)+(F-281), (A1)+(F-282), (A1)+(F-283), (A1)+(F-284),
(A1)+(F-285),
(A1)+(F-286), (A1)+(F-287), (A1)+(F-288), (A1)+(F-289),
(A1)+(F-290), or
(A1)+(F-291),
[0152] for inducing specific growth regulating responses on plants,
on seeds from which they grow and/or on the locus in which they
grow in their normal habitat, preferably in the absence of
extraordinary environmental conditions and, thereby, increasing the
yield in such treated plants.
[0153] An even more preferred object of present invention is the
combined use of Compound (A), specifically compound (A1), and one
or more, preferably one or two fungicides selected from the group
consisiting of:
bixafen [=F-26], fluopyram [=F-31], penflufen [F-36], isopyrazam
[F-40], sedaxane [=F41],
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazo-
le-4-carboxamide [=F-42], azoxystrobin [F-47], fluoxastrobin
[=F-53], pyraclostrobin [F-57], trifloxystrobin [=F-60],
epoxiconazole [=F-108], metconazole [=F-119], propiconazole
[=F-123], prothioconazole [=F-124], tebuconazole [=F-127], for
inducing specific growth regulating responses on plants, on seeds
from which they grow and/or on the locus in which they grow in
their normal habitat, preferably in the absence of extraordinary
environmental conditions and, thereby, increasing the yield in such
treated plants.
[0154] An even more preferred object of present invention is the
combined use of
(A1)+(F-26), (A1)+(F31), (A1)+(F-36), (A1)+(F-40), (A1)+(F-41),
(A1)+(F-42),
(A1)+(F-47), (A1)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-108),
(A1)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-26)+(F31), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-36), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-40),
(A1)+(F-26)+(F-41), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-42), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-47),
(A1)+(F-26)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-26)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-26)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-127), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-40),
(A1)+(F-36)+(F-41), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-42), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-47),
(A1)+(F-36)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-36)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-36)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-40)+(F-41), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-42), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-47),
(A1)+(F-40)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-40)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-40)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-41)+(F-42), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-47), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-53),
(A1)+(F-41)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-60), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-108),
(A1)+(F-41)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-124),
(A1)+(F-41)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-42)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-42)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-42)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-42)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-42)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-42)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-42)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-42)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-47)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-47)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-47)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-47)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-47)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-47)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-47)+(F-124), or (A1)+(F-47)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-53)+(F-57),
(A1)+(F-53)+(F-60), (A1)+(F-53)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-53)+(F-119),
(A1)+(F-53)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-53)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-53)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-57)+(F-60), (A1)+(F-57)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-57)+(F-119),
(A1)+(F-57)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-57)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-57)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-60)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-60)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-60)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-60)+(F-124), or (A1)+(F-60)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-108)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-108)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-108)+(F-124),
(A1)+(F-108)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-119)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-119)+(F-124),
(A1)+(F-119)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-123)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-123)+(F-127), or
(A1)+(F-124)+(F-127),
[0155] for inducing specific growth regulating responses on plants,
on seeds from which they grow and/or on the locus in which they
grow in their normal habitat, preferably in the absence of
extraordinary environmental conditions and, thereby, increasing the
yield in such treated plants.
[0156] An even more preferred object of present invention is the
combined use of
(A1)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-42)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-53)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-57)+(F-119),
(A1)+(F-57)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-60)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-60)+(F-124), or
(A1)+(F-124)+(F-127), for inducing specific growth regulating
responses on plants, on seeds from which they grow and/or on the
locus in which they grow in their normal habitat, preferably in the
absence of extraordinary environmental conditions and, thereby,
increasing the yield in such treated plants.
[0157] An even more preferred object of present invention is the
combined use of
(A1)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-60)+(F-124), or (A1)+(F-124)+(F-127),
[0158] for inducing specific growth regulating responses on plants,
on seeds from which they grow and/or on the locus in which they
grow in their normal habitat, preferably in the absence of
extraordinary environmental conditions and, thereby, increasing the
yield in such treated plants.
[0159] Plant yield increasing compositions comprising
(A1)+(F-3), (A1)+(F-4), (A1)+(F-5), (A1)+(F-6), (A1)+(F-7),
(A1)+(F-9), (A1)+(F-12), (A1)+(F-14), (A1)+(F-15), (A1)+(F-18),
(A1)+(F-19), (A1)+(F-21), (A1)+(F-24), (A1)+(F-25),
(A1)+(F-28), (A1)+(F-29), (A1)+(F-30), (A1)+(F-31),
(A1)+(F-32),
(A1)+(F-33), (A1)+(F-34), (A1)+(F-35), (A1)+(F-36),
(A1)+(F-38),
(A1)+(F-39), (A1)+(F-40), (A1)+(F-41), (A1)+(F-42),
(A1)+(F-43),
(A1)+(F-44), (A1)+(F-45), (A1)+(F-46), (A1)+(F-50),
(A1)+(F-56),
(A1)+(F-58), (A1)+(F-62), (A1)+(F-65), (A1)+(F-67),
(A1)+(F-68),
(A1)+(F-69), (A1)+(F-71), (A1)+(F-72), (A1)+(F-73),
(A1)+(F-74),
(A1)+(F-75), (A1)+(F-76), (A1)+(F-78), (A1)+(F-79),
(A1)+(F-82),
(A1)+(F-84), (A1)+(F-85), (A1)+(F-86), (A1)+(F-88),
(A1)+(F-89),
(A1)+(F-90), (A1)+(F-91), (A1)+(F-92), (A1)+(F-93),
(A1)+(F-94),
(A1)+(F-95), (A1)+(F-96), (A1)+(F-97), (A1)+(F-101),
(A1)+(F-103),
(A1)+(F-104), (A1)+(F-106), (A1)+(F-107), (A1)+(F-108),
(A1)+(F-109), (A1)+(F-110), (A1)+(F-113), (A1)+(F-114),
(A1)+(F-115), (A1)+(F-117), (A1)+(F-118), (A1)+(F-121),
(A1)+(F-125), (A1)+(F-130), (A1)+(F-131), (A1)+(F-132),
(A1)+(F-133), (A1)+(F-134), (A1)+(F-135), (A1)+(F-136),
(A1)+(F-137), (A1)+(F-138), (A1)+(F-139), (A1)+(F-140),
(A1)+(F-141), (A1)+(F-143), (A1)+(F-144), (A1)+(F-145),
(A1)+(F-146), (A1)+(F-147), (A1)+(F-149), (A1)+(F-150),
(A1)+(F-151), (A1)+(F-152), (A1)+(F-153), (A1)+(F-154),
(A1)+(F-155), (A1)+(F-156), (A1)+(F-157), (A1)+(F-158),
(A1)+(F-160), (A1)+(F-161), (A1)+(F-162), (A1)+(F-164),
(A1)+(F-165), (A1)+(F-166), (A1)+(F-168), (A1)+(F-169),
(A1)+(F-170), (A1)+(F-171), (A1)+(F-172), (A1)+(F-173),
(A1)+(F-174), (A1)+(F-175), (A1)+(F-176), (A1)+(F-177),
(A1)+(F-180), (A1)+(F-181), (A1)+(F-183), (A1)+(F-184),
(A1)+(F-185), (A1)+(F-186), (A1)+(F-188), (A1)+(F-190),
(A1)+(F-191), (A1)+(F-193), (A1)+(F-195), (A1)+(F-196),
(A1)+(F-197), (A1)+(F-199), (A1)+(F-202), (A1)+(F-203),
(A1)+(F-205), (A1)+(F-209), (A1)+(F-210), (A1)+(F-211),
(A1)+(F-212), (A1)+(F-213), (A1)+(F-214), (A1)+(F-215),
(A1)+(F-216), (A1)+(F-217), (A1)+(F-218), (A1)+(F-220),
(A1)+(F-221), (A1)+(F-222), (A1)+(F-223), (A1)+(F-224),
(A1)+(F-225), (A1)+(F-226), (A1)+(F-227), (A1)+(F-229),
(A1)+(F-230), (A1)+(F-231), (A1)+(F-232), (A1)+(F-233),
(A1)+(F-234), (A1)+(F-235), (A1)+(F-236), (A1)+(F-238),
(A1)+(F-239), (A1)+(F-240), (A1)+(F-241), (A1)+(F-242),
(A1)+(F-243), (A1)+(F-244), (A1)+(F-245), (A1)+(F-246),
(A1)+(F-247), (A1)+(F-248), (A1)+(F-249), (A1)+(F-250),
(A1)+(F-251), (A1)+(F-252), (A1)+(F-253), (A1)+(F-254),
(A1)+(F-255), (A1)+(F-256), (A1)+(F-257), (A1)+(F-258),
(A1)+(F-259), (A1)+(F-260), (A1)+(F-261), (A1)+(F-262),
(A1)+(F-263), (A1)+(F-264), (A1)+(F-265), (A1)+(F-266),
(A1)+(F-267), (A1)+(F-269), (A1)+(F-270), (A1)+(F-271),
(A1)+(F-272), (A1)+(F-273), (A1)+(F-274), (A1)+(F-275),
(A1)+(F-276), (A1)+(F-277), (A1)+(F-278), (A1)+(F-279),
(A1)+(F-280), (A1)+(F-281), (A1)+(F-282), (A1)+(F-283),
(A1)+(F-284), (A1)+(F-286), (A1)+(F-288), (A1)+(F-289),
(A1)+(F-290), (A1)+(F-291),
(A1)+(F-26)+(F31), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-36), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-40),
(A1)+(F-26)+(F-41), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-42), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-47),
(A1)+(F-26)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-26)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-26)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-26)+(F-127);
(A1)+(F-36)+(F-40), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-41), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-42),
(A1)+(F-36)+(F-47), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-57),
(A1)+(F-36)+(F-60), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-119),
(A1)+(F-36)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-36)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-40)+(F-41), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-42), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-47),
(A1)+(F-40)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-40)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-40)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-40)+(F-124), or (A1)+(F-40)+(F-127);
(A1)+(F-41)+(F-42), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-47), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-53),
(A1)+(F-41)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-60), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-108),
(A1)+(F-41)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-41)+(F-124),
(A1)+(F-41)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-42)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-42)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-42)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-42)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-42)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-42)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-42)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-42)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-47)+(F-53), (A1)+(F-47)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-47)+(F-60),
(A1)+(F-47)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-47)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-47)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-47)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-47)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-53)+(F-57), (A1)+(F-53)+(F-60), (A1)+(F-53)+(F-108),
(A1)+(F-53)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-53)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-53)+(F-124),
(A1)+(F-53)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-57)+(F-60), (A1)+(F-57)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-57)+(F-119),
(A1)+(F-57)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-57)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-57)+(F-127);
(A1)+(F-60)+(F-108), (A1)+(F-60)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-60)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-60)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-60)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-108)+(F-119), (A1)+(F-108)+(F-123),
(A1)+(F-108)+(F-124),
(A1)+(F-108)+(F-127),
(A1)+(F-119)+(F-123), (A1)+(F-119)+(F-124),
(A1)+(F-119)+(F-127);
(A1)+(F-123)+(F-124), (A1)+(F-123)+(F-127), or
(A1)+(F-124)+(F-127)
[0160] are not yet known in the art.
[0161] Therefore, above defined plant yield increasing
compositions, preferably those comprising as mixture partners to
Compound (A1) a combination selected from the group consisting of
(i) pyraclostrobin (F-57) and metconazole (F-119), (ii)
trifloxystrobin (F-60) and propiconazole (F-123), (iii)
prothioconazole (F-124) and tebuconazole (F-127), (iv)
fluoxastrobin (F-53) and prothioconazole (F-124), and (v)
trifloxystrobin (F-60) and prothioconazole (F-124), (vi) bixafen
(F-26) and prothioconazole (F-124), (vii) bixafen (F-26) and
tebuconazole (F127), (viii) bixafen (F-26) and trifloxystrobin
(F-60), more preferably those comprising as mixture partners to
Compound (A1) a combination selected from the group consisting of,
(i) pyraclostrobin (F-57) and metconazole (F-119), (ii)
trifloxystrobin (F-60) and propiconazole (F-123), (iii) bixafen
(F-26) and prothioconazole (F-124), are also a further object of
the present invention.
[0162] Also more specifically, the insecticides to be combined with
Compound (A), specifically Compound (A1), are selected from the
group consisting of:
abamectin [=I-1], chlorpyrifos [=I-2], clothianidin [=I-3],
cyazypyr [=I-4], deltamethrin [=I-5], emamectin-benzoate [=I-6],
ethiprole [=I-7], fipronil [=I-8], flubendiamide [=I-9],
flupyradifurone [=I-10], imidacloprid [=I-11], lambda-cyhalothrin
[=I-12], lufenuron [=I-13], rynaxypyr [=I-14], spinosad [=I-15],
spinoteram [=I-16], spirotetramate [=I-17], sulfoxaflor [=I-18],
thiamethoxam [=I-19], thiodicarb [=I-20], triflumuron [=I-21],
votivo [=I-22].
[0163] An even more preferred object of present invention, is the
combined use of
(A1)+(I-1), (A1)+(I-2), (A1)+(I-3), (A1)+(I-4), (A1)+(I-5),
(A1)+(I-6)
(A1)+(I-7), (A1)+(I-8), (A1)+(I-9), (A1)+(I-10), (A1)+(I-11),
(A1)+(I-12)
(A1)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-15), (A1)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-17),
(A1)+(I-18)
(A1)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-3), or (A1)+(I-21),
(A1)+(I-22),
[0164] for inducing specific growth regulating responses on plants,
on seeds from which they grow or on the locus in which they grow in
their normal habitat, preferably in the absence of extraordinary
environmental conditions and, thereby, increasing the yield in such
treated plants.
[0165] Even more specifically, the combination partners concerning
the class of insecticides are selected from the group consisting
of:
abamectin [=I-1], chlorpyrifos [=I-2], clothianidin [=I-3],
fipronil [=I-8], flupyradifurone [=I-10], imidacloprid [=I-11],
lambda-cyhalothrin [=I-12], lufenuron [=I-13], rynaxypyr [=I-14],
spinoteram [=I-16], spirotetramate [=I-17], sulfoxaflor [=1-18],
thiamethoxam [1=19], thiodicarb [=I-20], votivo [=I-22] for
inducing specific growth regulating responses on plants, on seeds
from which they grow and/or on the locus in which they grow in
their normal habitat, preferably in the absence of extraordinary
environmental conditions and, thereby, increasing the yield in such
treated plants . . . .
[0166] An even more preferred object of present invention is the
combined use of
(A1)+(I-1)+(I-2), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-3), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-8),
(A1)+(I-1)+(I-10),
(A1)+(I-1)+(I-11), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-12), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-13),
(A1)+(I-1)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-17),
(A1)+(I-1)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-1)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-2)+(I-3), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-8), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-10),
(A1)+(I-2)+(I-11),
(A1)+(I-2)+(I-12), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-14),
(A1)+(I-2)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-18),
(A1)+(I-2)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-3)+(I-8), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-10), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-11),
(A1)+(I-3)+(I-12), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-14),
(A1)+(I-3)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-18),
(A1)+(I-3)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-8)+(I-10), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-11), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-12),
(A1)+(I-8)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-16),
(A1)+(I-8)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-19),
(A1)+(I-8)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-8)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-10)+(I-11), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-12), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-13),
(A1)+(I-10)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-17),
(A1)+(I-10)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-10)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-11)+(I-12), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-14),
(A1)+(I-11)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-18),
(A1)+(I-11)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-12)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-12)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-12)+(I-16),
(A1)+(I-12)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-12)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-12)+(I-19),
(A1)+(I-12)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-12)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-13)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-13)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-13)+(I-17),
(A1)+(I-13)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-13)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-13)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-13)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-14)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-14)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-14)+(I-18),
(A1)+(I-14)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-14)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-14)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-16)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-16)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-16)+(I-19),
(A1)+(I-16)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-16)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-17)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-17)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-17)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-17)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-18)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-18)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-18)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-19)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-19)+(I-22), or
(A1)+(I-20)+(I-22),
[0167] for inducing specific growth regulating responses on plants,
on seeds from which they grow and/or on the locus in which they
grow in their normal habitat, preferably in the absence of
extraordinary environmental conditions and, thereby, increasing the
yield in such treated plants.
[0168] Plant yield increasing compositions comprising
(A1)+(I-1)+(I-2), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-3), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-8),
(A1)+(I-1)+(I-10), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-11), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-12),
(A1)+(I-1)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-16),
(A1)+(I-1)+(17), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-1)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-2)+(I-3), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-8), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-10),
(A1)+(I-2)+(I-11), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-12), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-13),
(A1)+(I-2)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-17),
(A1)+(I-2)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-1)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-2)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-2)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-3)+(I-8), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-10), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-11),
(A1)+(I-3)+(I-12), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-14),
(A1)+(I-3)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-18),
(A1)+(I-3)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-3)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-8)+(I-10), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-11), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-12),
(A1)+(I-8)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-16),
(A1)+(I-8)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-8)+(I-19),
(A1)+(I-8)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-8)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-10)+(I-11), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-12), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-13),
(A1)+(I-10)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-10)+(17),
(A1)+(I-10)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-10)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-10)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-11)+(I-12), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-14),
(A1)+(I-11)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-18),
(A1)+(I-11)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-11)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-12)+(I-13), (A1)+(I-12)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-12)+(I-16),
(A1)+(I-12)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-12)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-12)+(I-19),
(A1)+(I-12)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-12)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-13)+(I-14), (A1)+(I-13)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-13)+(17),
(A1)+(I-13)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-13)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-13)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-14)+(I-16), (A1)+(I-14)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-14)+(I-18),
(A1)+(I-14)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-14)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-14)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-16)+(I-17), (A1)+(I-16)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-16)+(I-19),
(A1)+(I-16)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-16)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-17)+(I-18), (A1)+(I-17)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-17)+(I-20),
(A1)+(I-17)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-18)+(I-19), (A1)+(I-18)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-18)+(I-22),
(A1)+(I-19)+(I-20), (A1)+(I-19)+(I-22), or
(A1)+(I-20)+(I-22),
[0169] are not yet known in the art.
[0170] Therefore, above defined compositions are also a further
object of the present invention.
[0171] Also more specifically, the plant growth regulators to be
combined with Compound (A) or Compound (A1) according to present
invention, preferably to be combined with Compound (A1), are
selected from the group consisiting of:
Chlormequat-chloride (CCC) [=PGR-1], ethephon [=PGR-2], mepiquat
[=PGR-3], trinexapac-ethyl [=PGR-4], 2,4-D (=PGR-5), MCPA (=PGR-6)
and 2,4-D Choline (=PGR-7)
[0172] A further preferred object of present invention, is the
combined use of
(A1)+(PGR-1), (A1)+(PGR-2), (A1)+PGR-3), (A1)+(PGR-4),
(A1)+(PGR-5), (A1)+(PGR-6), (A1)+(PGR-7),
(A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-2), (A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-3),
(A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-4),
(A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-5), (A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-6),
(A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-7),
(A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-3), (A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-4),
(A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-4),
(A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-5), (A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-6),
(A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-7),
(A1)+(PGR-3)+(PGR-4), (A1)+(PGR-3)+(PGR-5),
(A1)+(PGR-3)+(PGR-6),
(A1)+(PGR-3)+(PGR-7),
(A1)+(PGR-4)+(PGR-5), (A1)+(PGR-4)+(PGR-6),
(A1)+(PGR-4)+(PGR-7),
(A1)+(PGR-5)+(PGR-6), (A1)+(PGR-5)+(PGR-7), or
(A1)+(PGR-6)+(PGR-7),
[0173] for inducing specific growth regulating responses on plants,
on seeds from which they grow or on the locus in which they grow in
their normal habitat, preferably in the absence of extraordinary
environmental conditions and, thereby, increasing the yield in such
treated plants.
[0174] An even more preferred object of present invention is the
combined use of (A1)+(PGR-5)+(PGR6).
[0175] Plant yield increasing compositions comprising
(A1)+(PGR-1), (A1)+(PGR-2), (A1)+PGR-3), (A1)+(PGR-4),
(A1)+(PGR-5), (A1)+(PGR-6), (A1)+(PGR-7),
(A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-2), (A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-3),
(A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-4),
(A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-5), (A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-6),
(A1)+(PGR-1)+(PGR-7),
(A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-3), (A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-4),
(A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-4),
(A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-5), (A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-6),
(A1)+(PGR-2)+(PGR-7),
(A1)+(PGR-3)+(PGR-4), (A1)+(PGR-3)+(PGR-5),
(A1)+(PGR-3)+(PGR-6),
(A1)+(PGR-3)+(PGR-7).
(A1)+(PGR-4)+(PGR-5), (A1)+(PGR-4)+(PGR-6),
(A1)+(PGR-4)+(PGR-7)
(A1)+(PGR-5)+(PGR-6), (A1)+(PGR-5)+(PGR-7), or
(A1)+(PGR-6)+(PGR-7)
[0176] are not yet known in the art.
[0177] Therefore, such above defined combinations are also a
further object of the present invention.
[0178] It is to be said that, even by claiming the preferred use of
the above defined combinations of Compounds (A), preferably
Compound (A1), with one or more compound(s) selected from the
agrochemical compounds in the absence of extraordinary
environmental stress conditions, the combined application might
also be useful in cases where such extraordinary environmental
stress conditions do exist for a certain time period, or,
preferably, in an interim phase, i.e. phases in which no
extraordinary environmental stress conditions do exist are
interrupted by one or more phases in which extraordinary
environmental conditions of identical or different kind do
occur.
[0179] More specifically, the use of Compound (A), preferably
Compound (A1), in combination with one or more agrochemical
compound(s), preferably with agrochemical compounds selected from
the group of fungicides, insecticides, and plant-growth regulators,
doesn't show non-expected effects on plants concerning yield
increase only in the absence of extraordinary environmental stress,
but also on plants that are exposed to longer periods, preferably
weeks, more preferably days of extraordinary environmental stress
conditions, preferably heat and/or drought stress.
[0180] In accordance with the invention, it has additionally been
found that the application, to plants or in their environment, of,
of Compounds (A), preferably Compound (A1), either alone or in
combination with other agrochemical compounds, especially with
those that are above defined as the preferred ones from the group
consisting of fungicides, insecticides, and plant growth regulators
in combination with at least one fertilizer as defined below is/are
possible.
[0181] Fertilizers which can be used in accordance with the
invention together with the Compounds (A), preferably Compound
(A1). either alone or in combination with other agrochemical
compounds, especially with those that are above defined as the
preferred ones from the group consisting of funigicides,
insecticides, and plant growth regulators elucidated in detail
above are generally organic and inorganic nitrogen-containing
compounds, for example ureas, urea/formaldehyde condensation
products, amino acids, ammonium salts and ammonium nitrates,
potassium salts (preferably chlorides, sulfates, nitrates), salts
of phosphoric acid and/or salts of phosphorous acid (preferably
potassium salts and ammonium salts). In this context, particular
mention should be made of the NPK fertilizers, i.e. fertilizers
which contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, calcium ammonium
nitrate, i.e. fertilizers which additionally contain calcium, or
ammonium nitrate sulfate (formula (NH4)2SO4 NH4NO3), ammonium
phosphate and ammonium sulfate. These fertilizers are generally
known to the person skilled in the art; see also, for example,
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition, vol. A
10, pages 323 to 431, Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, 1987.
[0182] The fertilizers may also contain salts of micronutrients
(preferably calcium, sulfur, boron, manganese, magnesium, iron,
boron, copper, zinc, molybdenum and cobalt) and phytohormones (for
example vitamin B1 and indole-3-acetic acid) or mixtures thereof.
Fertilizers used in accordance with the invention may also contain
further salts, such as monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium
phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, magnesium
sulfate. Suitable amounts of the secondary nutrients, or trace
elements, are amounts of 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the overall
fertilizer. Further possible ingredients are crop protection
compositions, insecticides or fungicides, growth regulators or
mixtures thereof. This will be explained in more detail below.
[0183] The fertilizers can be used, for example, in the form of
powders, granules, prills or compactates. However, the fertilizers
can also be used in liquid form, dissolved in an aqueous medium. In
this case, it is also possible to use dilute aqueous ammonia as the
nitrogen fertilizer. Further possible constituents of fertilizers
are described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry, 5th edition, 1987, Vol. A 10, pages 363 to 401, DE-A 41
28 828, DE-A 19 05 834 and DE-A 196 31 764. The general composition
of the fertilizers which, in the context of the present invention,
may take the form of straight and/or compound fertilizers, for
example composed of nitrogen, potassium or phosphorus, may vary
within a wide range. In general, a content of 1 to 30% by weight of
nitrogen (preferably 5 to 20% by weight), 1 to 20% by weight of
potassium (preferably 3 to 15% by weight) and a content of 1 to 20%
by weight of phosphorus (preferably 3 to 10% by weight) is
advantageous. The microelement content is typically in the ppm
range, preferably in the range from 1 to 1000 ppm.
[0184] In the context of the present invention, the fertilizer and
Compounds (A), preferably Compound (A1), either alone or in
combination with other agrochemical compounds, especially with
those that are above defined as the preferred ones from the group
consisting of funigicides, insecticides, and plant growth
regulators may be administered simultaneously, i.e. synchronously.
However, it is also possible first to apply the fertilizer and then
Compounds (A), preferably Compound (A1), either alone or in
combination with other agrochemical compounds, especially with
those that are above defined as the preferred ones from the group
consisting of funigicides, insecticides, and plant growth
regulators, or first to apply Compounds (A), preferably Compound
(A1), either alone or in combination with other agrochemical
compounds, especially with those that are above defined as the
preferred ones from the group consisting of funigicides,
insecticides, and plant growth regulators, and then the fertilizer.
In the case of nonsynchronous application of Compounds (A),
preferably Compound (A1), either alone or in combination with other
agrochemical compounds, especially with those that are above
defined as the preferred ones from the group consisting of
funigicides, insecticides, and plant growth regulators, and the
fertilizer, the application in the context of the present invention
is, however, effected in a functional relationship, especially
within a period of generally 24 hours, preferably 18 hours, more
preferably 12 hours, specifically 6 hours, more specifically 4
hours, even more specifically within 2 hours. In very particular
embodiments of the present invention, Compounds (A), preferably
Compound (A1), either alone or in combination with other
agrochemical compounds, especially with those that are above
defined as the preferred ones from the group consisting of
funigicides, insecticides, and plant growth regulators and the
fertilizer are applied within a time frame of less than 1 hour,
preferably less than 30 minutes, more preferably less than 15
minutes.
[0185] The active ingredients for use in accordance with the
invention can be employed in the following plants, for example, the
enumeration which follows being nonlimiting.
[0186] The term "useful plants" as used here refers to crop plants
which are employed as plants for obtaining foods, animal feeds,
fuels or for industrial purposes, also including ornamentals,
turfs, commonly used trees employed as ornamentals in the public
and domestic sectors, and forestry trees. Forestry trees include
trees for the production of timber, cellulose, paper and products
made from parts of the trees.
[0187] The useful plants include, for example, the following types
of plants: cereals, for example wheat, barley, rye, triticale,
durum (hard wheat), oats, hops, rice, corn, millet/sorghum and
maize; beet, for example sugar beet and fodder beet; fruits, for
example pome fruit, stone fruit and soft fruit, for example apples,
pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries and berries, for example
strawberries, raspberries, blackberries; legumes, for example
beans, lentils, peas and soybeans; oil crops, for example oilseed
rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor oil
plants, cacao beans and peanuts; cucurbits, for example
pumpkin/squash, cucumbers and melons; fiber plants, for example
cotton, flax, hemp and jute; citrus fruit, for example oranges,
lemons, grapefruit and tangerines; vegetables, for example spinach,
lettuce, asparagus, cabbage species, carrots, onions, tomatoes,
potatoes and bell peppers; Lauraceae, for example avocado,
Cinnamonum, camphor, or also plants such as tobacco, nuts, coffee,
eggplant, sugarcane, tea, pepper, vine, grapevines, hops, bananas,
latex plants, ornamentals, for example flowers, shrubs, deciduous
trees and coniferous trees, and plants for turf and lawn. This
enumeration does not constitute a limitation.
[0188] The following plants are considered to be particularly
suitable target crops for the inventive use or method: oats, rye,
triticale, durum, cotton, eggplant, turf, pome fruit, stone fruit,
soft fruit, corn, wheat, barley, cucumber, tobacco, vines, rice,
cereals, pear, pepper, beans, soybeans, oilseed rape, tomato, bell
pepper, melons, cabbage, potatoes and apples.
[0189] Examples of trees which can be improved in accordance with
the inventive method include: Abies sp., Eucalyptus sp., Picea sp.,
Pinus sp., Aesculus sp., Platanus sp., Tilia sp., Acer sp., Tsuga
sp., Fraxinus sp., Sorbus sp., Betula sp., Crataegus sp., Ulmus
sp., Quercus sp., Fagus sp., Salix sp., Populus sp.
[0190] Preferred trees which can be improved in accordance with the
inventive method include: from the tree species Aesculus: A.
hippocastanum, A. pariflora, A. carnea; from the tree species
Platanus: P. aceriflora, P. occidentalis, P. racemosa; from the
tree species Picea: P. abies; from the tree species Pinus: P.
radiate, P. ponderosa, P. contorta, P. sylvestre, P. elliottii, P.
montecola, P. albicaulis, P. resinosa, P. palustris, P. taeda, P.
flexilis, P. jeffregi, P. baksiana, P. strobes; from the tree
species Eucalyptus: E. grandis, E. globulus, E. camadentis, E.
nitens, E. obliqua, E. regnans, E. pilularus.
[0191] Particularly preferred trees which can be improved in
accordance with the inventive method include: from the tree species
Pinus: P. radiate, P. ponderosa, P. contorta, P. sylvestre, P.
strobes; from the tree species Eucalyptus: E. grandis, E. globulus
and E. camadentis.
[0192] Particularly preferred trees which can be improved in
accordance with the inventive method include: horse chestnut,
Platanaceae, linden tree, maple tree.
[0193] The present invention can also be applied to any turf
grasses, including cool-season turf grasses and warm-season turf
grasses. Examples of cool-season turf grasses are bluegrasses (Poa
spp.), such as Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), rough
bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.), Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa L.),
annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), upland bluegrass (Poa glaucantha
Gaudin), wood bluegrass (Poa nemoralis L.) and bulbous bluegrass
(Poa bulbosa L.); bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.) such as creeping
bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.), colonial bentgrass (Agrostis
tenuis Sibth.), velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.), South German
Mixed Bentgrass (Agrostis spp. including Agrostis tenius Sibth.,
Agrostis canina L., and Agrostis palustris Huds.), and redtop
(Agrostis alba L.);
fescues (Festuca spp.), such as red fescue (Festuca rubra L. spp.
rubra), creeping fescue (Festuca rubra L.), chewings fescue
(Festuca rubra commutata Gaud.), sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L.),
hard fescue (Festuca longifolia Thuill.), hair fescue (Festuca
capillata Lam.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and
meadow fescue (Festuca elanor L.); ryegrasses (Lolium spp.), such
as annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), perennial ryegrass
(Lolium perenne L.) and italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.);
and wheatgrasses (Agropyron spp.), such as fairway wheatgrass
(Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron
desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.) and western wheatgrass (Agropyron
smithii Rydb.).
[0194] Examples of further cool-season turfgrasses are beachgrass
(Ammophila breviligulata Fern.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis
Leyss.), cattails such as Timothy (Phleum pratense L.), sand
cattail (Phleum subulatum L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata
L.), weeping alkaligrass (Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl.) and
crested dog's-tail (Cynosurus cristatus L.).
[0195] Examples of warm-season turfgrasses are Bermudagrass
(Cynodon spp. L. C. Rich), zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp. Willd.), St.
Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Walt Kuntze),
centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides Munro Hack.), carpetgrass
(Axonopus affinis Chase), Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Flugge),
Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.), buffalo
grass (Buchloe dactyloids (Nutt.) Engelm.), Blue gramma (Bouteloua
gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths), seashore paspalum (Paspalum
vaginatum Swartz) and sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula
(Michx. Torr.). Cool-season turfgrasses are generally preferred for
the use in accordance with the invention. Especially preferred are
bluegrass, bentgrass and redtop, fescues and ryegrasses. Bentgrass
is especially preferred.
[0196] Particular preference is given in accordance with the
invention to treating plants of the plant cultivars which are in
each case commercially available or in use. Plant cultivars are
understood to mean plants which have new properties ("traits") and
which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis
or with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. Crop plants may
accordingly be plants which can be obtained by conventional
breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and
genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods,
including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties
which can and cannot be protected by plant breeders' rights.
[0197] The inventive treatment method can thus also be used for the
treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), e.g. plants or
seeds. Genetically modified plants (or transgenic plants) are
plants in which a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into
the genome. The expression "heterologous gene" essentially means a
gene which is provided or assembled outside the plant and when
introduced in the nuclear, chloroplastic or mitochondrial genome
gives the transformed plant new or improved agronomic or other
properties by expressing a protein or polypeptide of interest or by
downregulating or silencing other gene(s) which are present in the
plant (using for example antisense technology, cosuppression
technology or RNAi technology [RNA interference]). A heterologous
gene that is located in the genome is also called a transgene. A
transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant
genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.
[0198] The inventive treatment method can further be used for the
treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), e.g. plants or
seeds in which a heterologous gene has been transiently introduced
e.g. using viral vectors.
[0199] Plants and plant varieties which are preferably treated
according to the invention include all plants which have genetic
material which imparts particularly advantageous, useful traits to
these plants (whether obtained by breeding and/or biotechnological
means).
[0200] Plants and plant varieties which may also be treated
according to the invention are those plants characterized by
enhanced yield characteristics. Enhanced yield in said plants can
be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth
and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention
efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation,
improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and
accelerated maturation. Yield can also be affected by improved
plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions),
including early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed
production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and
distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear
number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed
filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging
resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition, such as
carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and composition,
nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds,
improved processability and better storage stability.
[0201] Plants that may likewise be treated according to the
invention are hybrid plants that already express the
characteristics of heterosis, or hybrid vigor, which results in
generally higher yield, vigor, health and resistance toward biotic
and abiotic stress factors. Such plants are typically made by
crossing an inbred male-sterile parent line (the female parent)
with another inbred male-fertile parent line (the male parent).
Hybrid seed is typically harvested from the male-sterile plants and
sold to growers. Male-sterile plants can sometimes (e.g. in corn)
be produced by detasseling (i.e. the mechanical removal of the male
reproductive organs or male flowers) but, more typically, male
sterility is the result of genetic determinants in the plant
genome. In that case, and especially when seed is the desired
product to be harvested from the hybrid plants, it is typically
useful to ensure that male fertility in hybrid plants, which
contain the genetic determinants responsible for male sterility, is
fully restored. This can be accomplished by ensuring that the male
parents have appropriate fertility restorer genes which are capable
of restoring the male fertility in hybrid plants that contain the
genetic determinants responsible for male sterility. Genetic
determinants for male sterility may be located in the cytoplasm.
Examples of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were for instance
described for Brassica species (WO 1992/005251, WO 1995/009910, WO
1998/27806, WO 2005/002324, WO 2006/021972 and U.S. Pat. No.
6,229,072). However, genetic determinants for male sterility can
also be located in the nuclear genome. Male-sterile plants can also
be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic
engineering. A particularly useful means of obtaining male-sterile
plants is described in WO 89/10396 in which, for example, a
ribonuclease such as a barnase is selectively expressed in the
tapetum cells in the stamens. Fertility can then be restored by
expression in the tapetum cells of a ribonuclease inhibitor such as
barstar (e.g. WO 1991/002069).
[0202] Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology
methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated
according to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, i.e.
plants made tolerant to one or more given herbicides. Such plants
can be obtained either by genetic transformation, or by selection
of plants containing a mutation imparting such herbicide
tolerance.
[0203] Herbicide-tolerant plants are for example
glyphosate-tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to the
herbicide glyphosate or salts thereof. For example,
glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the
plant with a gene encoding the enzyme
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of
such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium
Salmonella typhimurium (Comai et al., Science (1983), 221,
370-371), the CP4 gene of the bacterium Agrobacterium sp. (Barry et
al., Curr. Topics Plant Physiol. (1992), 7, 139-145), the genes
encoding a petunia EPSPS (Shah et al., Science (1986), 233,
478-481), a tomato EPSPS (Gasser et al., J. Biol. Chem. (1988),
263, 4280-4289) or an Eleusine EPSPS (WO 2001/66704). It can also
be a mutated EPSPS, as described, for example, in EP-A 0837944, WO
2000/066746, WO 2000/066747 or WO 2002/026995. Glyphosate-tolerant
plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a
glyphosate oxidoreductase enzyme as described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,776,760 and 5,463,175. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be
obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate
acetyltransferase enzyme as described, for example, in WO
2002/036782, WO 2003/092360, WO 2005/012515 and WO 2007/024782.
Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plants
containing naturally occurring mutations of the above-mentioned
genes as described, for example, in WO 2001/024615 or WO
2003/013226. Plants expressing EPSPS genes that confer glyphosate
tolerance are described in e.g. U.S. patent application Ser. Nos.
11/517,991, 10/739,610, 12/139,408, 12/352,532, 11/312,866,
11/315,678, 12/421,292, 11/400,598, 11/651,752, 11/681,285,
11/605,824, 12/468,205, 11/760,570, 11/762,526, 11/769,327,
11/769,255, 11/943,801 or 12/362,774. Plants comprising other genes
that confer glyphosate tolerance, such as decarboxylase genes, are
described in e.g. U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/588,811,
11/185,342, 12/364,724, 11/185,560 or 12/423,926.
[0204] Other herbicide-resistant plants are for example plants
which have been made tolerant to herbicides inhibiting the enzyme
glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinothricin or
glufosinate. Such plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme
detoxifying the herbicide or a mutant glutamine synthase enzyme
that is resistant to inhibition e.g. described in U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/760,602. One such efficient detoxifying
enzyme is, for example, an enzyme encoding a phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein from Streptomyces
species for example). Plants expressing an exogenous
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase have been described, for
example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,561,236; 5,648,477; 5,646,024;
5,273,894; 5,637,489; 5,276,268; 5,739,082; 5,908,810 and
7,112,665.
[0205] Further herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants that have
been made tolerant to the herbicides inhibiting the enzyme
hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD).
Hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the
reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is transformed
into homogentisate. Plants tolerant to HPPD inhibitors can be
transformed with a gene encoding a naturally occurring resistant
HPPD enzyme such as an HPPD enzyme from non-plant organisms, such
as described in WO 2011/076877, WO 2011/076882, WO2011/076892, WO
2011/076885, WO2011/076889, or HPPD enzyme from a monocot plant,
such as Avena sativa or Zea mays, or having at least 98% sequence
identity to an enzyme of Avena sativa or Zea mays, or an HPPD
enzyme as described in WO/2011/076885, WO2011/076892,
WO/2011/076877, WO/2011/076882, WO/2011/076889, or a gene encoding
a mutated or chimeric HPPD enzyme according to WO 1996/038567, WO
1999/024585 and WO 1999/024586 WO 2009/144079, WO 2002/046387,
WO/2011/068567, WO/2010/085705, or U.S. Pat. No. 6,768,044.
Tolerance to HPPD inhibitors can also be obtained by transforming
plants with genes encoding certain enzymes enabling the formation
of homogentisate despite the inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme
by the HPPD inhibitor. Such plants and genes are described in WO
1999/034008 and WO 2002/36787. Tolerance of plants to HPPD
inhibitors can also be improved by transforming plants with a gene
encoding a prephenate dehydrogenase enzyme in addition to a gene
encoding an HPPD-tolerant enzyme, as described in WO
2004/024928.
[0206] Further herbicide-resistant plants are plants that have been
made tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Known ALS
inhibitors include, for example, sulfonylurea, imidazolinone,
triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyl oxy(thio)benzoates, and/or
sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides. Different mutations
in the ALS enzyme (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, AHAS)
are known to confer tolerance to different herbicides and groups of
herbicides, as described, for example, in Tranel and Wright, Weed
Science (2002), 50, 700-712, and also in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,605,011,
5,378,824, 5,141,870 and 5,013,659. The production of
sulfonylurea-tolerant plants and imidazolinone-tolerant plants has
been described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,605,011; 5,013,659; 5,141,870;
5,767,361; 5,731,180; 5,304,732; 4,761,373; 5,331,107; 5,928,937;
and 5,378,824; and also in the international publication WO
1996/033270. Further imidazolinone-tolerant plants have also been
described, for example in WO 2004/040012, WO 2004/106529, WO
2005/020673, WO 2005/093093, WO 2006/007373, WO 2006/015376, WO
2006/024351 and WO 2006/060634. Further sulfonylurea- and
imidazolinone-tolerant plants have also been described, for example
in WO 2007/024782, and U.S. Patent Application No. 61/288,958.
[0207] Other plants tolerant to imidazolinone and/or sulfonylurea
can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, by selection in cell
cultures in the presence of the herbicide or by mutation breeding,
as described, for example, for soybeans in U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,082,
for rice in WO 1997/41218, for sugar beet in U.S. Pat. No.
5,773,702 and WO 1999/057965, for lettuce in U.S. Pat. No.
5,198,599 or for sunflower in WO 2001/065922.
[0208] Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology
methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated
according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic plants,
i.e. plants made resistant to attack by certain target insects.
Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by
selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such insect
resistance.
[0209] In the present context, the term "insect-resistant
transgenic plant" includes any plant containing at least one
transgene comprising a coding sequence encoding:
1) an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or
an insecticidal portion thereof, such as the insecticidal crystal
proteins compiled by Crickmore et al., Microbiology and Molecular
Biology Reviews (1998), 62, 807-813, updated by Crickmore et al.
(2005) in the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature (online at:
http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/), or
insecticidal portions thereof, for example proteins of the Cry
protein classes Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Ae or Cry3Bb or
insecticidal portions thereof (e.g. EP 1999141 and WO2007/107302)
or such proteins encoded by synthetic genes as described e.g; in
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/249,016 or 2) a crystal protein
from Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion thereof which is
insecticidal in the presence of a second crystal protein other than
Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion thereof, such as the binary
toxin made up of the Cy34 and Cy35 crystal proteins (Moellenbeck et
al., Nat. Biotechnol. (2001), 19, 668-72; Schnepf et al., Applied
Environm. Microb. (2006), 71, 1765-1774); or 3) a hybrid
insecticidal protein comprising parts of two different insecticidal
crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as a hybrid of
the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above,
for example the Cry1A.105 protein produced by corn event MON98034
(WO 2007/027777); or 4) a protein of any one of points 1) to 3)
above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been
replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal
activity to a target insect species, and/or to expand the range of
target insect species affected, and/or because of changes induced
in the encoding DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the
Cry3Bb1 protein in corn events MON863 or MON88017, or the Cry3A
protein in corn event MIR604; or 5) an insecticidal secreted
protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, or an
insecticidal portion thereof, such as the vegetative insecticidal
proteins (VIPs) listed under the following link, for example
proteins from the VIP3Aa protein class:
http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip. html or
6) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus
cereus which is insecticidal in the presence of a second secreted
protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, such as the
binary toxin made up of the VIP1A and VIP2A proteins (WO
1994/21795); or 7) a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts
from different secreted proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis or
Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins in 1) above or a
hybrid of the proteins in 2) above; or 8) a protein of any one of
points 1) to 3) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10, amino
acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher
insecticidal activity to a target insect species, and/or to expand
the range of target insect species affected, and/or because of
changes induced in the encoding DNA during cloning or
transformation (while still encoding an insecticidal protein), such
as the VIP3Aa protein in cotton event COT 102.
[0210] Of course, insect-resistant transgenic plants, as used
herein, also include any plant comprising a combination of genes
encoding the proteins of any one of the above classes 1 to 8. In
one embodiment, an insect-resistant plant contains more than one
transgene encoding a protein of any one of the above classes 1 to
8, to expand the range of target insect species affected or to
delay insect resistance development to the plants, by using
different proteins insecticidal to the same target insect species
but having a different mode of action, such as binding to different
receptor binding sites in the insect.
[0211] An "insect-resistant transgenic plant", as used herein,
further includes any plant containing at least one transgene
comprising a sequence producing upon expression a double-stranded
RNA which upon ingestion by a plant insect pest inhibits the growth
of this insect pest, as described e.g. in WO 2007/080126, WO
2006/129204, WO 2007/074405, WO 2007/080127 and WO 2007/035650.
[0212] Examples of nematode resistant plants are described in e.g.
U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/765,491, 11/765,494,
10/926,819, 10/782,020, 12/032,479, 10/783,417, 10/782,096,
11/657,964, 12/192,904, 11/396,808, 12/166,253, 12/166,239,
12/166,124, 12/166,209, 11/762,886, 12/364,335, 11/763,947,
12/252,453, 12/209,354, 12/491,396 or 12/497,221.
[0213] Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology
methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated
according to the invention are tolerant to abiotic stress factors.
Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by
selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such stress
resistance.
[0214] Particularly useful stress-tolerant plants include the
following:
a. plants which contain a transgene capable of reducing the
expression and/or the activity of the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase
(PARP) gene in the plant cells or plants, as described in WO
2000/004173 or EP 04077984.5 or EP 06009836.5; b. plants which
contain a stress tolerance-enhancing transgene capable of reducing
the expression and/or the activity of the PARG encoding genes of
the plants or plant cells, as described, for example, in WO
2004/090140; c. plants which contain a stress tolerance-enhancing
transgene coding for a plant-functional enzyme of the nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide salvage biosynthesis pathway, including
nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyl-transferase, nicotinic
acid mononucleotide adenyltransferase, nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide synthetase or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase,
as described, for example, in EP 04077624.7 or WO 2006/133827 or
PCT/EP07/002433.
[0215] Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology
methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated
according to the invention show altered quantity, quality and/or
storage stability of the harvested product and/or altered
properties of specific ingredients of the harvested product such
as, for example:
1) Transgenic plants which synthesize a modified starch which is
altered with respect to its chemophysical traits, in particular the
amylose content or the amylose/amylopectin ratio, the degree of
branching, the average chain length, the distribution of the side
chains, the viscosity behavior, the gel resistance, the grain size
and/or grain morphology of the starch in comparison to the
synthesized starch in wild-type plant cells or plants, such that
this modified starch is better suited for certain applications.
These transgenic plants synthesizing a modified starch are
described, for example, in EP 0571427, WO 1995/004826, EP 0719338,
WO 1996/15248, WO 1996/19581, WO 1996/27674, WO 1997/11188, WO
1997/26362, WO 1997/32985, WO 1997/42328, WO 1997/44472, WO
1997/45545, WO 1998/27212, WO 1998/40503, WO 99/58688, WO
1999/58690, WO 1999/58654, WO 2000/008184, WO 2000/008185, WO
2000/28052, WO 2000/77229, WO 2001/12782, WO 2001/12826, WO
2002/101059, WO 2003/071860, WO 2004/056999, WO 2005/030942, WO
2005/030941, WO 2005/095632, WO 2005/095617, WO 2005/095619, WO
2005/095618, WO 2005/123927, WO 2006/018319, WO 2006/103107, WO
2006/108702, WO 2007/009823, WO 2000/22140, WO 2006/063862, WO
2006/072603, WO 2002/034923, EP 06090134.5, EP 06090228.5, EP
06090227.7, EP 07090007.1, EP 07090009.7, WO 2001/14569, WO
2002/79410, WO 2003/33540, WO 2004/078983, WO 2001/19975, WO
1995/26407, WO 1996/34968, WO 1998/20145, WO 1999/12950, WO
1999/66050, WO 1999/53072, U.S. Pat. No. 6,734,341, WO 2000/11192,
WO 1998/22604, WO 1998/32326, WO 2001/98509, WO 2001/98509, WO
2005/002359, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,824,790, 6,013,861, WO 1994/004693,
WO 1994/009144, WO 1994/11520, WO 1995/35026 and WO 1997/20936. 2)
Transgenic plants which synthesize non-starch carbohydrate polymers
or which synthesize non-starch carbohydrate polymers with altered
properties in comparison to wild-type plants without genetic
modification. Examples are plants which produce polyfructose,
especially of the inulin and levan type, as described in EP
0663956, WO 1996/001904, WO 1996/021023, WO 1998/039460 and WO
1999/024593, plants which produce alpha-1,4-glucans, as described
in WO 1995/031553, US 2002/031826, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,284,479,
5,712,107, WO 1997/047806, WO 1997/047807, WO 1997/047808 and WO
2000/14249, plants which produce alpha-1,6-branched
alpha-1,4-glucans, as described in WO 2000/73422, and plants which
produce alternan, as described in WO 2000/047727, EP 06077301.7,
U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,975 and EP 0728213. 3) Transgenic plants which
produce hyaluronan, as described, for example, in WO 2006/032538,
WO 2007/039314, WO 2007/039315, WO 2007/039316, JP 2006/304779 and
WO 2005/012529. 4) 4) transgenic plants or hybrid plants, such as
onions with characteristics such as `high soluble solids content`,
`low pungency` (LP) and/or `long storage` (LS), as described in
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/020,360 and 61/054,026
[0216] Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology
methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated
according to the invention are plants, such as cotton plants, with
altered fiber characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by
genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a
mutation imparting such altered fiber characteristics and
include:
a) plants, such as cotton plants, which contain an altered form of
cellulose synthase genes, as described in WO 1998/000549; b)
plants, such as cotton plants, which contain an altered form of
rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids, as described in WO
2004/053219; c) plants, such as cotton plants, with an increased
expression of sucrose phosphate synthase, as described in WO
2001/017333; d) plants, such as cotton plants, with an increased
expression of sucrose synthase, as described in WO 02/45485; e)
plants, such as cotton plants, wherein the timing of the
plasmodesmatal gating at the basis of the fiber cell is altered,
for example through downregulation of fiber-selective
.beta.-1,3-glucanase, as described in WO 2005/017157; f) plants,
such as cotton plants, which have fibers with altered reactivity,
for example through the expression of the
N-acetylglucosaminetransferase gene including nodC and chitin
synthase genes, as described in WO 2006/136351.
[0217] Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology
methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated
according to the invention are plants, such as oilseed rape or
related Brassica plants, with altered oil profile characteristics.
Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by
selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such altered
oil characteristics and include:
a) plants, such as oilseed rape plants, which produce oil having a
high oleic acid content, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,969,169, 5,840,946 or 6,323,392 or 6,063,947; b) plants,
such as oilseed rape plants, which produce oil having a low
linolenic acid content, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,270,828,
6,169,190 or 5,965,755; c) plants, such as oilseed rape plants,
which produce oil having a low level of saturated fatty acids, as
described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,434,283 or U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 12/668,303
[0218] Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant
biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may also
be treated according to the invention are plants, such as oilseed
rape or related Brassica plants, with altered seed shattering
characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by genetic
transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation
imparting such altered seed shattering characteristics and include
plants such as oilseed rape plants with delayed or reduced seed
shattering as described in U.S. Patent Appl. No. 61/135,230,
WO09/068313 and WO10/006732.
[0219] Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated
according to the invention are plants which comprise one or more
genes which encode one or more toxins and are the transgenic plants
available under the following trade names: YIELD GARD.RTM. (for
example corn, cotton, soybeans), KnockOut.RTM. (for example corn),
BiteGard.RTM. (for example corn), BT-Xtra.RTM. (for example corn),
Bollgard.RTM. (cotton), Nucotn.RTM. (cotton), Nucotn 33B.RTM.
(cotton), NatureGard.RTM. (for example corn), Protecta.RTM.,
Agrisure.RTM. (corn), Herculex.RTM. (corn), MaizeGard.RTM. (corn),
MaxGard.TM. (corn), TwinLink.RTM. (cotton), VIPCot.RTM. (cotton),
Widestrike.TM. (cotton) and NewLeaf.RTM. (potato). Examples of
herbicide-tolerant plants which may be mentioned are corn
varieties, cotton varieties and soybean varieties which are
available under the following trade names: Roundup Ready.RTM.
(tolerance to glyphosate, for example corn, cotton, soybeans),
Glytol.RTM. (tolerance to glyphosate, cotton) Liberty Link.RTM.
(tolerance to phosphinothricin, for example oilseed rape, cotton,
soybean), IMI.RTM. (tolerance to imidazolinone), Optimum.TM.
Gat.TM. (tolerance to sulfonylurea and glyphosate) and SCS.RTM.
(tolerance to sulfonylurea, for example corn) and Enlist.TM.
(tolerance to 2,4-D and glyphosate). Herbicide-resistant plants
(plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance)
which may be mentioned include the varieties sold under the name
Clearfield.RTM. (for example corn). Further transgenic plant
varieties having improved characteristics are sold under trade
names including InVigor.RTM. (canola), Amflora.RTM. (potatoes)
Mavera.RTM. (corn). Varieties combining different events may be
sold under tradenames including SmartStax.RTM..
[0220] Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated
according to the invention are plants containing transformation
events, or a combination of transformation events, and that are
listed for example in the databases for various national or
regional regulatory agencies including Event 1143-14A (cotton,
insect control, not deposited, described in WO2006/128569); Event
1143-51B (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in
WO2006/128570); Event 1445 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not
deposited, described in US2002120964 or WO2002/034946); Event 17053
(rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in
WO2010/117737); Event 17314 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited
as PTA-9844, described in WO2010/117735); Event 281-24-236 (cotton,
insect control--herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233,
described in WO2005/103266 or US2005216969); Event 3006-210-23
(cotton, insect control--herbicide tolerance, deposited as
PTA-6233, described in US2007143876 or WO2005/103266); Event 3272
(corn, quality trait, deposited as PTA-9972, described in
WO2006098952 or US2006230473); Event 40416 (corn, insect
control--herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11508,
described in WO2011/075593); Event 43A47 (corn, insect
control--herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11509,
described in WO2011/075595); Event 5307 (corn, insect control,
deposited as ATCC PTA-9561, described in WO2010/077816); Event
ASR-368 (bent grass, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC
PTA-4816, described in US2006162007 or WO2004053062); Event B16
(corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in
US2003126634); Event BPS-CV127-9 (soybean, herbicide tolerance,
deposited as NCIMB No. 41603, described in WO2010/080829); Event
CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, deposited as DSM ACC2724,
described in US2009217423 or WO2006/128573); Event CE44-69D
(cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in
US20100024077); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not
deposited, described in WO2006/128571); Event CE46-02A (cotton,
insect control, not deposited, described in WO2006/128572); Event
COT102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in
US2006130175 or WO2004039986); Event COT202 (cotton, insect
control, not deposited, described in US2007067868 or WO2005054479);
Event COT203 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in
WO2005/054480); Event DAS40278 (corn, herbicide tolerance,
deposited as ATCC PTA-10244, described in WO2011/022469); Event
DAS-59122-7 (corn, insect control--herbicide tolerance, deposited
as ATCC PTA 11384, described in US2006070139); Event DAS-59132
(corn, insect control--herbicide tolerance, not deposited,
described in WO2009/100188); Event DAS68416 (soybean, herbicide
tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10442, described in WO2011/066384
or WO2011/066360); Event DP-098140-6 (corn, herbicide tolerance,
deposited as ATCC PTA-8296, described in US2009137395 or
WO2008/112019); Event DP-305423-1 (soybean, quality trait, not
deposited, described in US2008312082 or WO2008/054747); Event
DP-32138-1 (corn, hybridization system, deposited as ATCC PTA-9158,
described in US20090210970 or WO2009/103049); Event DP-356043-5
(soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8287,
described in US20100184079 or WO2008/002872); Event EE-1 (brinjal,
insect control, not deposited, described in WO2007/091277); Event
F1117 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209031,
described in US2006059581 or WO1998/044140); Event GA21 (corn,
herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209033, described in
US2005086719 or WO1998/044140); Event GG25 (corn, herbicide
tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209032, described in US2005188434 or
WO1998/044140); Event GHB119 (cotton, insect control--herbicide
tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8398, described in WO2008/151780);
Event GHB614 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC
PTA-6878, described in US2010050282 or WO2007/017186); Event GJ11
(corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209030, described in
US2005188434 or WO1998/044140); Event GM RZ13 (sugar beet, virus
resistance, deposited as NCIMB-41601, described in WO2010/076212);
Event H7-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB
41158 or NCIMB 41159, described in US2004172669 or WO2004/074492);
Event JOPLIN1 (wheat, disease tolerance, not deposited, described
in US2008064032); Event LL27 (soybean, herbicide tolerance,
deposited as NCIMB41658, described in WO2006/108674 or
US2008320616); Event LL55 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited
as NCIMB 41660, described in WO2006/108675 or US2008196127); Event
LLcotton25 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC
PTA-3343, described in WO2003013224 or US2003097687); Event
LLRICE06 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC-23352,
described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,468,747 or WO2000/026345); Event
LLRICE601 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2600,
described in US20082289060 or WO2000/026356); Event LY038 (corn,
quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-5623, described in
US2007028322 or WO2005061720); Event MIR162 (corn, insect control,
deposited as PTA-8166, described in US2009300784 or WO2007/142840);
Event MIR604 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in
US2008167456 or WO2005103301); Event MON15985 (cotton, insect
control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2516, described in US2004-250317 or
WO2002/100163); Event MON810 (corn, insect control, not deposited,
described in US2002102582); Event MON863 (corn, insect control,
deposited as ATCC PTA-2605, described in WO2004/011601 or
US2006095986); Event MON87427 (corn, pollination control, deposited
as ATCC PTA-7899, described in WO2011/062904); Event MON87460
(corn, stress tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8910, described in
WO2009/111263 or US20110138504); Event MON87701 (soybean, insect
control, deposited as ATCC PTA-8194, described in US2009130071 or
WO2009/064652); Event MON87705 (soybean, quality trait--herbicide
tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9241, described in US20100080887
or WO2010/037016); Event MON87708 (soybean, herbicide tolerance,
deposited as ATCC PTA9670, described in WO2011/034704); Event
MON87754 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-9385,
described in WO2010/024976); Event MON87769 (soybean, quality
trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-8911, described in US20110067141 or
WO2009/102873); Event MON88017 (corn, insect control--herbicide
tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-5582, described in US2008028482 or
WO2005/059103); Event MON88913 (cotton, herbicide tolerance,
deposited as ATCC PTA-4854, described in WO2004/072235 or
US2006059590); Event MON89034 (corn, insect control, deposited as
ATCC PTA-7455, described in WO2007/140256 or US2008260932); Event
MON89788 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6708,
described in US2006282915 or WO2006/130436); Event MS11 (oilseed
rape, pollination control--herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC
PTA-850 or PTA-2485, described in WO2001/031042); Event MS8
(oilseed rape, pollination control--herbicide tolerance, deposited
as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO2001/041558 or US2003188347); Event
NK603 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2478,
described in US2007-292854); Event PE-7 (rice, insect control, not
deposited, described in WO2008/114282); Event RF3 (oilseed rape,
pollination control--herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC
PTA-730, described in WO2001/041558 or US2003188347); Event RT73
(oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in
WO2002/036831 or US2008070260); Event T227-1 (sugar beet, herbicide
tolerance, not deposited, described in WO2002/44407 or
US2009265817); Event T25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited,
described in US2001029014 or WO2001/051654); Event T304-40 (cotton,
insect control--herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8171,
described in US2010077501 or WO2008/122406); Event T342-142
(cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in
WO2006/128568); Event TC1507 (corn, insect control--herbicide
tolerance, not deposited, described in US2005039226 or
WO2004/099447); Event VIP1034 (corn, insect control--herbicide
tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-3925., described in
WO2003/052073), Event 32316 (corn, insect control-herbicide
tolerance, deposited as PTA-11507, described in WO2011/084632),
Event 4114 (corn, insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as
PTA-11506, described in WO2011/084621).
[0221] The Compounds (A), preferably Compound (A1) to be used in
accordance with the invention, either alone or in combination with
other agrochemical compounds, especially with those that are above
defined as the preferred ones from the group consisting of
funigicides, insecticides, and plant growth regulators, can be
converted to customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions,
wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts,
pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, granules for
broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural compounds
impregnated with active ingredient, synthetic substances
impregnated with active ingredient, fertilizers, and also
microencapsulations in polymeric substances. In the context of the
present invention, it is especially preferred when Compounds (A),
preferably Compound (A1) are/is used in accordance with the
invention, either alone or in combination with other agrochemical
compounds, especially with those that are above defined as the
preferred ones from the group consisting of funigicides,
insecticides, and plant growth regulators are used in the form of a
spray formulation.
[0222] The present invention therefore also relates to a spray
formulation for increasing the yield of useful plants or crop
plants with respect to their harvested plant organs.
[0223] A spray formulation is described in detail hereinafter: The
formulations for spray application are produced in a known manner,
for example by mixing Compounds (A), preferably Compound (A1) to be
used in accordance with the invention, either alone or in
combination with other agrochemical compounds, especially with
those that are above defined as the preferred ones from the group
consisting of funigicides, insecticides, and plant growth
regulators invention with extenders, i.e. liquid solvents and/or
solid carriers, optionally with use of surfactants, i.e.
emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam formers. Further
customary additives, for example customary extenders and solvents
or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers,
antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, stickers,
gibberellins and also water, can optionally also be used. The
formulations are prepared either in suitable equipment or else
before or during application.
[0224] The auxiliaries used may be those substances which are
suitable for imparting, to the composition itself and/or to
preparations derived therefrom (for example spray liquors),
particular properties such as particular technical properties
and/or else special biological properties. Useful typical
auxiliaries include: extenders, solvents and carriers.
[0225] Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and
nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of
the aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins,
alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), the alcohols and
polyols (which may optionally also be substituted, etherified
and/or esterified), the ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone),
esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, the
unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as
N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, the sulfones and sulfoxides
(such as dimethyl sulfoxide).
[0226] If the extender used is water, it is also possible to use,
for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Useful liquid
solvents are essentially: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or
alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene
chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins,
for example petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils,
alcohols such as butanol or glycol and also their ethers and
esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl
isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as
dimethyl sulfoxide, and also water.
[0227] It is possible to use dyes such as inorganic pigments, for
example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic
dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes,
and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron,
copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
[0228] Useful wetting agents which may be present in the
formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all
substances which promote wetting and which are conventionally used
for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients.
[0229] Preference is given to using alkyl naphthalenesulfonates,
such as diisopropyl or diisobutyl naphthalenesulfonates.
[0230] Useful dispersants and/or emulsifiers which may be present
in the formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all
nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants conventionally used for
the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Usable with
preference are nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of
nonionic or anionic dispersants. Suitable nonionic dispersants are
especially ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers,
alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristryrylphenol polyglycol
ether, and the phosphated or sulfated derivatives thereof.
[0231] Suitable anionic dispersants are especially lignosulfonates,
salts of polyacrylic acid and arylsulfonate/formaldehyde
condensates.
[0232] Antifoams which may be present in the formulations usable in
accordance with the invention are all foam-inhibiting substances
conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical
ingredients. Usable with preference are silicone antifoams and
magnesium stearate.
[0233] Preservatives which may be present in the formulations
usable in accordance with the invention are all substances usable
for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples include
dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
[0234] Secondary thickeners which may be present in the
formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all
substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions.
Preference is given to cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid
derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and finely divided silica.
[0235] Stickers which may be present in the formulations usable in
accordance with the invention include all customary binders usable
in seed-dressing products. Preferred examples include
polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and
tylose. Gibberellins which may be present in the formulations
usable in accordance with the invention may preferably be
gibberellins A1, A3 (=gibberellic acid), A4 and A7; particular
preference is given to using gibberellic acid. The gibberellins are
known (cf. R. Wegler "Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und
Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel" [Chemistry of Crop Protection
Compositions and Pesticides], vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, p.
401-412).
[0236] Further additives may be fragrances, mineral or vegetable,
optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (including trace
nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper,
cobalt, molybdenum and zinc. Additionally present may be
stabilizers, such as cold stabilizers, antioxidants, light
stabilizers or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical
stability.
[0237] The formulations contain generally between 0.01 and 98% by
weight, preferably between 0.5 and 90%, of the compound of the
formula (I).
[0238] In wettable powders, the active ingredient concentration is,
for example, from about 10 to 90% by weight; the remainder to 100%
by weight consists of customary formulation constituents. In the
case of emulsifiable concentrates, the active ingredient
concentration may be from about 1 to 90% by weight, preferably from
5 to 80% by weight. Dust-type formulations contain from 1 to 30% by
weight of active ingredient, preferably usually from 5 to 20% by
weight of active ingredient; sprayable solutions contain from about
0.05 to 80% by weight, preferably from 2 to 50% by weight of active
ingredient. In water-dispersible granules, the active ingredient
content depends partly on whether the active compound is present in
solid or liquid form and which granulation assistants, fillers,
etc. are used. In the granules dispersible in water, the content of
active ingredient is, for example, between 1 and 95% by weight,
preferably between 10 and 80% by weight.
[0239] The active ingredient when used according to present
invention may be present in its commercially available formulations
and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, in a
mixture with other active ingredients, such as insecticides,
attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides,
fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, safeners, fertilizers or
semiochemicals.
[0240] Preferred times for the application of compounds of the
formula (I) for regulating plant growth are treatments of the soil,
stems and/or leaves with the approved application rates.
[0241] Compounds (A), preferably Compound (A1), when used according
to present invention, either solely or in combination with one or
more above mentioned preferred agrochemical compounds, may
generally additionally be present in their commercial formulations
and in the use forms prepared from these formulations in mixtures
with other active ingredients, such as insecticides, attractants,
sterilants, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators,
substances which influence plant maturity, safeners or herbicides.
Particularly further suitable mixing partners are, for example, the
active ingredients of the different classes, specified below in
groups, without any preference resulting from the sequence
thereof:
Bactericides:
[0242] bronopol, dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel
dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamycin, octhilinone, furancarboxylic
acid, oxytetracycline, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam,
copper sulfate and other copper preparations.
Insecticides/Acaricides/Nematicides:
[0243] I1) acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors, a) from the
substance group of the carbamates, for example alanycarb, aldicarb,
aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb,
bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, dimetilan, ethiofencarb,
fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, formetanate, furathiocarb,
isoprocarb, metam-sodium, methio-carb, metho-myl, metolcarb,
oxamyl, pirimicarb, pro-mecarb, propoxur, thiofanox, trimethacarb,
XMC, xylylcarb, triazamate, b) from the group of the
organophosphates, for example acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos
(-methyl, ethyl), bromophos-ethyl, bromfenvinfos (-methyl),
butathiofos, cadusafos, carbophenothion, chlorethoxyfos,
chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, coumaphos, cyanofenphos, cyanophos,
chlorfenvinphos, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulfone,
dialifos, diazinon, dichlofenthion, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos,
dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, dioxabenzofos, disulfoton, EPN,
ethion, ethoprophos, etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion,
fensulfothion, fenthion, flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion,
fosmethilan, fosthiazate, heptenophos, iodofenphos, iprobenfos,
isazofos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-salicylate, isoxathion,
malathion, mecarbam, methacrifos, methamidophos, methidathion,
mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl,
parathion (-methyl/-ethyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone,
phosmet, phosphamidon, phosphocarb, phoxim, pirimiphos
(-methyl/-ethyl), profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos,
prothoate, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, pyridathion, quinalphos,
sebufos, sulfotep, sulprofos, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos,
tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon, vamidothion
I2) sodium channel modulators/voltage-dependent sodium channel
blockers, a) from the group of the pyrethroids, for example
acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin,
bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin-S-cyclopentyl isomer,
bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin,
cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin,
cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-,
beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin, eflusilanate, empenthrin (1R
isomer), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin,
fenpyrithrin, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate,
flufenprox, flumethrin, fluvalinate, fubfenprox, gamma-cyhalothrin,
imiprothrin, kadethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, metofluthrin,
permethrin (cis-, trans-), phenothrin (1R-trans isomer),
prallethrin, profluthrin, protrifenbute, pyresmethrin, pyrethrin,
resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin,
terallethrin, tetramethrin (1R isomer), tralomethrin,
transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), b) DDT, c)
oxadiazines, for example indoxacarb, d) semicarbazones, for example
metaflumizone (BAS3201) I3) acetylcholine receptor
agonists/antagonists, a) from the group of the chloronicotinyls,
for example acetamiprid, AKD 1022, dinotefuran, imidaclothiz,
nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, b) nicotine, bensultap,
cartap; I4) acetylcholine receptor modulators from the group of the
spinosyns, I5) GABA-controlled chloride channel antagonists, a)
from the group of the organochlorines, for example camphechlor,
chlorodane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane,
methoxychlor, b) fiproles, for example acetoprole, pyrafluprole,
pyriprole, vaniliprole; I6) chloride channel activators, for
example emamectin, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemycin; I7) juvenile
hormone mimetics, for example diofenolan, epofenonane, fenoxycarb,
hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, pyriproxifen, triprene; I8)
ecdysone agonists/disruptors, for example chromafenozide,
halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide; I9) chitin
biosynthesis inhibitors, for example bistrifluron, chlofluazuron,
diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron,
hexaflumuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron,
buprofezin, cyromazine; I10) inhibitors of oxidative
phosphorylation, a) ATP disruptors, for example diafenthiuron, b)
organotin compounds, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin
oxide; I11) decouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by interruption
of the H-proton gradient, a) from the group of the pyrroles, for
example chlorofenapyr, b) from the class of the dinitrophenols, for
example binapacyrl, dinobuton, dinocap, DNOC, meptyldinocap; I12)
site I electron transport inhibitors, for example METIs,
especially, as examples, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen,
pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad or else hydramethylnon,
dicofol I13) site II electron transport inhibitors, for example
rotenone I14) site III electron transport inhibitors, for example
acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim I15) microbial disruptors of the insect
gut membrane, for example Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies
israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies
aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus
thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and BT plant proteins, for
example Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1 Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb,
Cry34/35Ab1 I16) lipid synthesis inhibitors, a) from the group of
the tetronic acids, for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, b)
from the class of the tetramic acids, for example spirotetramat,
cis-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2--
one I17) octopaminergic agonists, for example amitraz I18)
inhibitors of magnesium-stimulated ATPase, for example propargite
I19) nereistoxin analogs, for example thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate,
thiosultap-sodium I20) ryanodine receptor agonists, a) from the
group of the benzenedicarboxamides, b) from the group of the
anthranilamides,
3-bromo-N-{2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(1-cyclopropylethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-1-(3-
-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from
WO2005/077934) or methyl
2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-
-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-1,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate
(known from WO2007/043677) I21) biologics, hormones or pheromones,
for example azadirachtin, Bacillus spec., Beauveria spec.,
codlemone, Metarrhizium spec., Paecilomyces spec., thuringiensin,
Verticillium spec. I22) active ingredients with unknown or
nonspecific mechanisms of action, a) fumigants, for example
aluminum phosphide, methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride, b)
antifeedants, for example cryolite, flonicamide, pymetrozine, c)
mite growth inhibitors, for example clofentezine, etoxazole,
hexythiazox, d) amidoflumet, benclothiaz, benzoximate, bifenazate,
bromopropylate, buprofezin, chinomethionat, chlorodimeform,
chlorobenzilate, chloropicrin, clothiazoben, cycloprene,
cyflumetofen, dicyclanil, fenoxacrim, fentrifanil, flubenzimine,
flufenerim, flutenzin, gossyplure, hydramethylnone, japonilure,
metoxadiazone, petroleum, piperonyl butoxide, potassium oleate,
pyridalyl, sulfluramid, tetradifon, tetrasul, triarathene, verbutin
and the following known active compounds:
4-{[(6-bromopyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on-
e (known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
(known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
(known from WO 2007/115643),
4-{[(5,6-dichloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
(known from WO 2007/115646),
4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on-
e (known from WO 2007/115643),
4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
(known from EP0539588), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)
methyl(methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP0539588),
[1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-.lamda.4-sulfanylidenecyanam-
ide (known from WO 2007/149134) and the diastereomers thereof
{[(1R)-1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-lambda6-sulfanylidene}-
cyanamide and {[(1
S)-1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-lambda6-sulfanylidene}cyan-
amide (likewise known from WO 2007/149134) and
1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluo-
romethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (known from WO 2006/043635),
[(3S,4aR,12R, 12aS,
12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-6,12-dihydroxy-4,12b-dimethyl-11-oxo-9-
-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a, 12,12a,
12b-decahydro-2H,11H-benzo[f]pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-4-yl]methyl
cyclopropane-carboxylate (known from WO 2006/129714),
2-cyano-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide (known
from WO2006/056433),
2-cyano-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide (known from
WO2006/100288),
2-cyano-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-ethylbenzenesulfonamide (known from
WO2005/035486),
4-(difluoromethoxy)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-1,2-benzothiazole-3-amine
1,1-dioxide (known from WO2007/057407),
N-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-th-
iazole-2-amine (known from WO2008/104503),
{1'-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indole-3,4'-pip-
eridin]-1(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methanone (known from
WO2003106457),
3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2--
one (known from WO2009049851),
3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl
ethyl carbonate (known from WO2009049851),
4-(but-2-yn-1-yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine
(known from WO2004099160),
(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)malononitrile
(known from WO2005063094),
(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)malononitri-
le (known from WO2005063094),
8-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-3-[6-(trifluorometh-
yl)pyridazin-3-yl]-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (known from
WO2007040280/282),
2-ethyl-7-methoxy-3-methyl-6-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzod-
ioxin-6-yl)oxy]quinolin-4-yl methyl carbonate (known from
JP2008110953),
2-ethyl-7-methoxy-3-methyl-6-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzod-
ioxin-6-yl)oxy]quinolin-4-yl acetate (known from JP2008110953),
PF1364 (Chemical Abstracts No. 1204776-60-2, known from
JP2010018586),
5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl-
]-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (known from WO2007075459),
5-[5-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3--
yl]-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (known from
WO2007075459),
4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl-
]-2-methyl-N-{2-oxo-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
(known from WO2005085216).
[0244] Safeners are preferably selected from the group consisting
of: [0245] S1) compounds of the formula (S1
##STR00006##
[0245] where the symbols and indices are each defined as follows:
[0246] n.sub.A is a natural number from 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 3;
[0247] R.sub.A.sup.1 is halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, nitro or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl;
[0247] ##STR00007## [0248] W.sub.A is an unsubstituted or
substituted divalent heterocyclic radical from the group consisting
of partially unsaturated or aromatic five-membered heterocycles
having 1 to 3 hetero ring atoms from the group of N and O, where at
least one nitrogen atom and at most one oxygen atom is present in
the ring, preferably a radical from the group consisting of
(W.sub.A.sup.1) to (W.sub.A.sup.4), [0249] m.sub.A is 0 or 1;
[0250] R.sub.A.sup.2 is OR.sub.A.sup.3, SR.sub.A.sup.3 or
NR.sub.A.sup.3R.sub.A.sup.4 or a saturated or unsaturated 3- to
7-membered heterocycle having at least one nitrogen atom and up to
3 heteroatoms, preferably from the group consisting of O and S,
which is attached via the nitrogen atom to the carbonyl group in
(S1) and which is unsubstituted or substituted by radicals from the
group consisting of (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy and optionally substituted phenyl,
preferably a radical of the formula OR.sub.A.sup.3, NHR.sub.A.sup.4
or N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, in particular of the formula OR.sub.A.sup.3;
[0251] R.sub.A.sup.3 is hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted
aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical, preferably having a total of 1 to 18
carbon atoms; [0252] R.sub.A.sup.4 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-alkoxy or substituted or
unsubstituted phenyl; [0253] R.sub.A.sup.5 is H,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.5)-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.5)-haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy-(C.sub.1-C.sub.5)-alkyl, cyano or
COOR.sub.A.sup.9 where R.sub.A.sup.9 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.5)-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.5)-haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy-(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-hydroxyalkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl or
tri-(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylsilyl; [0254] R.sub.A.sup.6,
R.sub.A.sup.7, R.sub.A.sup.8 are the same or different and are each
hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.5)-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.8)-haloalkyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl or substituted or unsubstituted
phenyl; preferably: [0255] a) compounds of the type of the
dichlorophenylpyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid (S1.sup.a), preferably
compounds such as
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxy-
lic acid, ethyl
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxy-
late (S1-1) ("mefenpyr-diethyl"), and related compounds, as
described in WO-A-91/07874; [0256] b) derivatives of
dichlorophenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid (S1.sup.b), preferably
compounds such as ethyl
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-2), ethyl
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-3),
ethyl
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylate
(S1-4) and related compounds, as described in EP-A-333 131 and
EP-A-269 806; [0257] c) derivatives of
1,5-diphenylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (S1.sup.c), preferably
compounds such as ethyl
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-5),
methyl 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-6) and
related compounds, as described, for example, in EP-A-268554;
[0258] d) compounds of the triazolecarboxylic acid type (S1.sup.d),
preferably compounds such as fenchlorazole(-ethyl), i.e. ethyl
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-(1H)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylat-
e (S1-7), and related compounds as described in EP-A-174 562 and
EP-A-346 620; [0259] e) compounds of the 5-benzyl- or
5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid or of the
5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid type (S1.sup.e),
preferably compounds such as ethyl
5-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-8) or ethyl
5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-9) and related compounds
as described in WO-A-91/08202, or
5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazolinecarboxylic acid (S1-10) or ethyl
5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-11)
("isoxadifen-ethyl") or n-propyl
5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-12) or ethyl
5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-13), as
described in patent application WO-A-95/07897. [0260] S2) Quinoline
derivatives of the formula (S2),
##STR00008##
[0260] where the symbols and indices are each defined as follows:
[0261] R.sub.B.sup.1 is halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, nitro or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl;
[0262] n.sub.B is a natural number from 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 3;
[0263] R.sub.B.sup.2 is OR.sub.B.sup.3, SR.sub.B.sup.3 or
NR.sub.B.sup.3R.sub.B.sup.4 or a saturated or unsaturated 3- to
7-membered heterocycle having at least one nitrogen atom and up to
3 heteroatoms, preferably from the group consisting of O and S,
which is attached via the nitrogen atom to the carbonyl group in
(S2) and which is unsubstituted or substituted by radicals from the
group consisting of (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy and optionally substituted phenyl,
preferably a radical of the formula OR.sub.B.sup.3, NHR.sub.B.sup.4
or N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, in particular of the formula OR.sub.B.sup.3;
[0264] R.sub.B.sup.3 is hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted
aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical, preferably having a total of 1 to 18
carbon atoms; [0265] R.sub.B.sup.4 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-alkoxy or substituted or
unsubstituted phenyl; [0266] T.sub.B is a (C.sub.1- or
C.sub.2)-alkanediyl chain which is unsubstituted or substituted by
one or two (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl radicals or by
[(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)-alkoxy]carbonyl; preferably: [0267] a) compounds
of the 8-quinolinoxyacetic acid type (S2.sup.a), preferably
1-methylhexyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate
("cloquintocet-mexyl") (S2-1), 1,3-dimethylbut-1-yl
(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-2), 4-allyloxybutyl
(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-3), 1-allyloxyprop-2-yl
(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-4), ethyl
(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-5), methyl
(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-6), allyl
(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-7),
2-(2-propylideneiminoxy)-1-ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate
(S2-8), 2-oxoprop-1-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-9) and
related compounds, as described in EP-A-86 750, EP-A-94 349 and
EP-A-191 736 or EP-A-0 492 366, and also
(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetic acid (S2-10), hydrates and salts
thereof, for example the lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, aluminum, iron, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, sulfonium
or phosphonium salts thereof, as described in WO-A-2002/34048;
[0268] b) compounds of the (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonic acid
type (S2.sup.b), preferably compounds such as diethyl
(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, diallyl
(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, methyl ethyl
(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate and related compounds as described
in EP-A-0 582 198. [0269] S3) Compounds of the formula (S3)
##STR00009##
[0269] where the symbols and indices are each defined as follows:
[0270] R.sub.C.sup.1 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-alkenyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-haloalkenyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.7)-cycloalkyl,
preferably dichloromethyl; [0271] R.sub.C.sup.2, R.sub.C.sup.3 are
the same or different and are each hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-alkenyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-alkynyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-haloalkenyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylcarbamoyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-alkenylcarbamoyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy-(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
dioxolanyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, thiazolyl, furyl, furylalkyl,
thienyl, piperidyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or
R.sub.C.sup.2 and R.sub.C.sup.3 together form a substituted or
unsubstituted heterocyclic ring, preferably an oxazolidine,
thiazolidine, piperidine, morpholine, hexahydropyrimidine or
benzoxazine ring; preferably: active ingredients of the
dichloroacetamide type, which are frequently used as pre-emergence
safeners (soil-acting safeners), for example "dichlormid"
(N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) (S3-1), "R-29148"
(3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine) from Stauffer
(S3-2), "R-28725" (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine)
from Stauffer (S3-3), "benoxacor"
(4-dichloroacetyl-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazine) (S3-4),
"PPG-1292" (N-allyl-N-[(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl]dichloroacetamide)
from PPG Industries (S3-5), "DKA-24"
(N-allyl-N-[(allylaminocarbonyl)methyl]dichloroacetamide) from
Sagro-Chem (S3-6), "AD-67" or "MON 4660"
(3-dichloroacetyl-1-oxa-3-azaspiro[4,5]decane) from Nitrokemia or
Monsanto (S3-7), "TI-35" (1-dichloroacetylazepane) from
TRI-Chemical RT (S3-8), "diclonon" (dicyclonone) or "BAS145138" or
"LAB145138" (S3-9)
((RS)-1-dichloroacetyl-3,3,8a-trimethylperhydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6--
one) from BASF, "furilazole" or "MON 13900"
((RS)-3-dichloroacetyl-5-(2-furyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine)
(S3-10); and the (R) isomer thereof (S3-11). [0272]
S4)N-Acylsulfonamides of the formula (S4) and salts thereof,
provided that they are different from the Compound (A) applied
according to the invention use or method of using,
##STR00010##
[0272] where the symbols and indices are each defined as follows:
[0273] X.sub.D is CH or N; [0274] R.sub.D.sup.1 is
CO--NR.sub.D.sup.5R.sub.D.sup.6 or NHCO--R.sub.D.sup.7; [0275]
R.sub.D.sup.2 is halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkoxy, nitro, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylsulfonyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxycarbonyl or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylcarbonyl; [0276] R.sub.D.sup.3 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-alkenyl or
(C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-alkynyl; [0277] R.sub.D.sup.4 is halogen, nitro,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkoxy, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)-cycloalkyl, phenyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, cyano, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylthio,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylsulfinyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylsulfonyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxycarbonyl or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylcarbonyl; [0278] R.sub.D.sup.5 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)-cycloalkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)-alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)-alkynyl,
(C.sub.5-C.sub.6)-cycloalkenyl, phenyl or 3- to 6-membered
heterocyclyl containing v.sub.D heteroatoms from the group of
nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, where the seven latter radicals are
substituted by v.sub.D substituents from the group of halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-haloalkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.2)-alkylsulfinyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.2)-alkylsulfonyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.6)-cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxycarbonyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylcarbonyl and phenyl, and in the case of
cyclic radicals also (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl; [0279] R.sub.D.sup.6 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-alkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)-alkenyl or
(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)-alkynyl, where the three latter radicals are
substituted by v.sub.D radicals from the group consisting of
halogen, hydroxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy
and (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylthio, or [0280] R.sub.D.sup.5 and
R.sub.D.sup.6 together with the nitrogen atom bearing them form a
pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl radical; [0281] R.sub.D.sup.7 is
hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylamino,
di-(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylamino, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-alkyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.6)-cycloalkyl, where the 2 latter radicals are
substituted by v.sub.D substituents from the group of halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-haloalkoxy and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylthio, and in the case of cyclic radicals
also (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl and (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl;
[0282] n.sub.D is 0, 1 or 2; [0283] m.sub.D is 1 or 2; [0284]
v.sub.D is 0, 1, 2 or 3; among these, preference is given to
compounds of the N-acylsulfonamide type, for example of the formula
(S4.sup.a) below, which are known, for example, from
WO-A-97/45016
##STR00011##
[0284] in which [0285] R.sub.D.sup.7 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-alkyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.6)-cycloalkyl, where the 2 latter radicals are
substituted by v.sub.D substituents from the group consisting of
halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-haloalkoxy and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylthio and, in the case of cyclic radicals,
also (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl and (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl;
[0286] R.sub.D.sup.4 is halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, CF.sub.3; [0287] m.sub.D is 1 or 2;
[0288] v.sub.D is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and also to
acylsulfamoylbenzamides, for example of the formula (S4.sup.b)
below, which are known, for example, from WO-A-99/16744,
##STR00012##
[0288] for example those in which [0289] R.sub.D.sup.5=cyclopropyl
and (R.sub.D.sup.4)=5-Cl-2-OMe (S4-2), [0290] R.sub.D.sup.5=ethyl
and (R.sub.D.sup.4)=2-OMe (S4-3), [0291] R.sub.D.sup.5=isopropyl
and (R.sub.D.sup.4)=5-Cl-2-OMe (S4-4) and [0292]
R.sub.D.sup.5=isopropyl and (R.sub.D.sup.4)=2-OMe (S4-5); and to
compounds of the N-acylsulfamoylphenylurea type, of the formula
(S4c), which are known, for example, from EP-A-365484,
##STR00013##
[0292] in which [0293] R.sub.D.sup.8 and R.sub.D.sup.9 are each
independently hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.5)-alkyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.5)-cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)-alkenyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.6)-alkynyl, [0294] R.sub.D.sup.4 is halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, CF.sub.3, [0295]
m.sub.D is 1 or 2; for example [0296]
1-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methylurea, [0297]
1-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3-dimethylurea, [0298]
1-[4-(N-4,5-dimethylbenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methylurea. [0299]
S5) Active ingredients from the class of the hydroxyaromatics and
the aromatic-aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives (S5), for
example ethyl 3,4,5-triacetoxybenzoate,
3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid,
4-hydroxysalicylic acid, 4-fluorosalicyclic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic
acid, 2,4-dichlorocinnamic acid, as described in WO-A-2004/084631,
WO-A-2005/015994, WO-A-2005/016001. [0300] S6) Active ingredients
from the class of the 1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones (S6), for
example 1-methyl-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one,
1-methyl-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-2-thione,
1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one
hydrochloride,
1-(2-methylsulfonylaminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one,
as described in WO-A-2005/112630. [0301] S7) Compounds of the
formula (S7), as described in WO-A-1998/38856,
##STR00014##
[0301] where the symbols and indices are each defined as follows:
[0302] R.sub.E.sup.1, R.sub.E.sup.2 are each independently halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylamino,
di-(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylamino, nitro; [0303] A.sub.E is
COOR.sub.E.sup.3 or COSR.sub.E.sup.4 [0304] R.sub.E.sup.3,
R.sub.E.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkenyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.4)alkynyl, cyanoalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl,
phenyl, nitrophenyl, benzyl, halobenzyl, pyridinylalkyl and
alkylammonium, [0305] n.sub.E.sup.1 is 0 or 1; [0306]
n.sub.E.sup.2, n.sub.E.sup.3 are each independently 0, 1 or 2,
preferably diphenylmethoxyacetic acid, ethyl
diphenylmethoxyacetate, methyl diphenylmethoxyacetate (CAS reg. no.
41858-19-9) (S7-1). [0307] S8) Compounds of the formula (S8), as
described in WO-A-98/27049,
##STR00015##
[0307] in which [0308] X.sub.F is CH or N, [0309] n.sub.F if
X.sub.F=N is an integer from 0 to 4 and [0310] if X.sub.F=CH is an
integer from 0 to 5, [0311] R.sub.F.sup.1 is halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkoxy, nitro,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylthio, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkylsulfonyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted phenyl,
optionally substituted phenoxy, [0312] R.sub.F.sup.2 is hydrogen or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, [0313] R.sub.F.sup.3 is hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)-alkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-alkenyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-alkynyl or aryl, where each of the
carbon-containing radicals mentioned above is unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more, preferably by up to three, identical or
different radicals from the group consisting of halogen and alkoxy;
or salts thereof, preferably compounds in which [0314] X.sub.F is
CH, [0315] n.sub.F is an integer from 0 to 2, [0316] R.sub.F.sup.1
is halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-haloalkoxy, [0317]
R.sub.F.sup.2 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, [0318]
R.sub.F.sup.3 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.8)-alkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.4)-alkynyl or aryl, where
each of the aforementioned carbon-containing radicals is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more, preferably by up to
three, identical or different radicals from the group consisting of
halogen and alkoxy; or salts thereof. [0319] S9) Active ingredients
from the class of the 3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolones (S9),
for example
1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-ethyl-3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolone
(CAS reg. no.: 219479-18-2),
1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolone
(CAS reg. no.: 95855-00-8), as described in WO-A-1999/000020.
[0320] S10) Compounds of the formula (S10.sup.a) or (S10.sup.b)
[0321] as described in WO-A-2007/023719 and WO-A-2007/023764
##STR00016##
[0321] in which [0322] R.sub.G1 is halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl, methoxy, nitro, cyano, CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3
[0323] Y.sub.G, Z.sub.G are each independently O or S, [0324]
n.sub.G is an integer from 0 to 4, [0325] R.sub.G2 is
(C.sub.1-C.sub.16)-alkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.6)-alkenyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.6)-cycloalkyl, aryl; benzyl, halobenzyl, [0326]
R.sub.G3 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-alkyl. [0327] S11) Active
ingredients of the oxyimino compound type (S11), which are known as
seed-dressing compositions, for example "oxabetrinil"
((Z)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-methoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (S11-1),
which is known as a seed-dressing safener for millet against damage
by metolachlor, "fluxofenim"
(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-ethanone
O-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl) oxime) (S11-2), which is known as a
seed-dressing safener for millet against damage by metolachlor, and
"cyometrinil" or "CGA-43089"
((Z)-cyanomethoxy-imino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (S11-3), which is
known as a seed-dressing safener for millet against damage by
metolachlor. [0328] S12) Active ingredients from the class of the
isothiochromanones (S12), for example methyl
[(3-oxo-1H-2-benzothiopyran-4(3H)-ylidene)methoxy]acetate (CAS reg.
no.: 205121-04-6) (S12-1) and related compounds from
WO-A-1998/13361. [0329] S13) One or more compounds from group
(S13): "naphthalic anhydride" (1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic
anhydride) (S13-1), which is known as a seed-dressing safener for
corn against damage by thiocarbamate herbicides, "fenclorim"
(4,6-dichloro-2-phenylpyrimidine) (S13-2), which is known as a
safener for pretilachlor in sown rice, "flurazole" (benzyl
2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate) (S13-3),
which is known as a seed-dressing safener for millet against damage
by alachlor and metolachlor, "CL 304415" (CAS reg. no. 31541-57-8)
(4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-acetic acid) (S13-4) from
American Cyanamid, which is known as a safener for corn against
damage by imidazolinones, "MG 191" (CAS reg. no. 96420-72-3)
(2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane) (S13-5) from Nitrokemia,
which is known as a safener for corn, "MG-838" (CAS reg. no.
133993-74-5) (2-propenyl
1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbodithioate) (S13-6) from
Nitrokemia, "disulfoton" (O,O-diethyl S-2-ethylthioethyl
phosphorodithioate) (S13-7), "dietholate" (O,O-diethyl
O-phenylphosphorothioate) (S13-8), "mephenate" (4-chlorophenyl
methyl carbamate) (S13-9). [0330] S14) Active ingredients which, in
addition to herbicidal action against harmful plants, also have
safener action on crop plants such as rice, for example
"dimepiperate" or "MY-93"
(S-1-methyl-1-phenylethylpiperidine-1-carbothioate), which is known
as a safener for rice against damage by the herbicide molinate,
"daimuron" or "SK 23" (1-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-3-p-tolylurea),
which is known as a safener for rice against damage by the
herbicide imazosulfuron, "cumyluron"="JC-940"
(3-(2-chlorophenylmethyl)-1-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)urea, see
JP-A-60087254), which is known as a safener for rice against damage
by some herbicides, "methoxyphenon" or "NK 049"
(3,3'-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone), which is known as a safener
for rice against damage by some herbicides, "CSB"
(1-bromo-4-(chloromethylsulfonyl)benzene) from Kumiai, (CAS reg.
no. 54091-06-4), which is known as a safener against damage by some
herbicides in rice. [0331] S15) Compounds of the formula (S15) or
tautomers thereof [0332] as described in WO-A-2008/131861 and
WO-A-2008/131860
[0332] ##STR00017## [0333] in which [0334] R.sub.H.sup.1 is a
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkyl radical and [0335] R.sub.H.sup.2 is
hydrogen or halogen and [0336] R.sub.H.sup.3, R.sub.H.sup.4 are
each independently hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.16)alkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.16)alkenyl or (C.sub.2-C.sub.16)alkynyl, where each
of the 3 latter radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more radicals from the group of halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylthio, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylamino,
di[(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl]amino, [(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy]carbonyl,
[(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy]carbonyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl
which is unsubstituted or substituted, phenyl which is
unsubstituted or substituted, and heterocyclyl which is
unsubstituted or substituted, or (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl,
(C.sub.4-C.sub.6)cycloalkenyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl which is
fused on one side of the ring to a 4- to 6-membered saturated or
unsaturated carbocyclic ring, or (C.sub.4-C.sub.6)cycloalkenyl
which is fused on one side of the ring to a 4- to 6-membered
saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic ring, where each of the 4
latter radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
radicals from the group of halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylthio, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylamino,
di[(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl]amino, [(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy]carbonyl,
[(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy]carbonyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl
which is unsubstituted or substituted, phenyl which is
unsubstituted or substituted, and heterocyclyl which is
unsubstituted or substituted, or [0337] R.sub.H.sup.3 is
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkoxy, (C.sub.2-C.sub.4)alkenyloxy,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkynyloxy or (C.sub.2-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy and
[0338] R.sub.H.sup.4 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)-alkyl or
[0339] R.sub.H.sup.3 and R.sub.H.sup.4 together with the directly
bonded nitrogen atom are a four- to eight-membered heterocyclic
ring which, in addition to the nitrogen atom, may also contain
further ring heteroatoms, preferably up to two further ring
heteroatoms from the group of N, O and S, and which is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals from the group
of halogen, cyano, nitro, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy and (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylthio. [0340]
S16) Active ingredients which are used primarily as herbicides but
also have safener action on crop plants, for example
(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic
acid, (R,S)-2-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)propionic acid (mecoprop),
4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB),
(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)acetic acid (MCPA),
4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid, 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)butyric
acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba),
1-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoate
(lactidichlor-ethyl). Substances which Influence Plant
Maturity:
[0341] Usable combination partners for the compounds according to
formula (I) when used according to present invention in mixture
formulations or in a tankmix are, for example, known active
ingredients based on inhibition of, for example,
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase,
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase and the ethylene
receptors, e.g. ETR1, ETR2, ERS1, ERS2 or EIN4, as described, for
example, in Biotechn. Adv. 2006, 24, 357-367; Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin.
199, 40, 1-7 or Plant Growth Reg. 1993, 13, 41-46 and literature
cited therein.
[0342] Examples of known substances which influence plant maturity
and can be combined with the inventive compounds include the active
ingredients which follow (the compounds are designated by the
"common name" according to the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) or by the chemical name or by the code
number) and always encompass all use forms, such as acids, salts,
esters and isomers, such as stereoisomers and optical isomers. By
way of example, one use form and in some cases a plurality of use
forms are mentioned:
rhizobitoxine, 2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), methoxyvinylglycine
(MVG), vinylglycine, aminooxyacetic acid, sinefungin,
S-adenosylhomocysteine, 2-keto-4-methyl thiobutyrate,
2-(methoxy)-2-oxoethyl (isopropylidene)aminooxyacetate,
2-(hexyloxy)-2-oxoethyl (isopropylidene)aminooxyacetate,
2-(isopropyloxy)-2-oxoethyl (cyclohexylidene)aminooxyacetate,
putrescine, spermidine, spermine, 1,8-diamino-4-aminoethyloctane,
L-canaline, daminozide, methyl 1-aminocyclopropyl-1-carboxylate,
N-methyl-1-aminocyclopropyl-1-carboxylic acid,
1-aminocyclopropyl-1-carboxamide, substituted
1-aminocyclopropyl-1-carboxylic acid derivatives as described in
DE3335514, EP30287, DE2906507 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,123,951,
1-aminocyclopropyl-1-hydroxamic acid, 1-methylcyclopropene,
3-methylcyclopropene, 1-ethylcyclopropene, 1-n-propylcyclopropene,
1-cyclopropenylmethanol, carvone, eugenol, sodium
cycloprop-1-en-1-ylacetate, sodium cycloprop-2-en-1-ylacetate,
sodium 3-(cycloprop-2-en-1-yl)propanoate, sodium
3-(cycloprop-1-en-1-yl)propanoate, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate,
ethyl jasmonate. Substances which Influence Plant Health and
Germination:
[0343] Usable combination partners for the inventive compounds in
mixture formulations or in a tankmix are, for example, known active
ingredients that influence plant health or germination. Examples of
known substances influencing plant health and germination and can
be combined with the inventive compounds include the active
ingredients which follow (the compounds are designated by the
"common name" according to the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) or by the chemical name or by the code
number) and always encompass all use forms, such as acids, salts,
esters and isomers, such as stereoisomers and optical isomers. By
way of example, one use form and in some cases a plurality of use
forms are mentioned): sarcosine, phenyl alanine, tryptophan,
N'-methyl-1-phenyl-1-N,N-diethylaminomethanesulfonamide,
Apio-galacturonane as described in WO2010017956,
4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid,
4-{[2-(1H-indole-3-yl)ethyl]amino}-4-oxobutanoic acid,
4-[(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid, allantoine,
5-amino levulinic acid,
(2S,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol
and structurally related catechines as described in WO2010122956,
2-Hydroxy-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid,
(3E,3aR,8PS)-3-({[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]oxy}m
ethylene)-3,3a,4,83-tetrahydro-2H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one and
related lactons as described in EP2248421, abscisic acid,
(2Z,4E)-5-[6-Ethynyl-1-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3-me-
thylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid,
Methyl-(2Z,4E)-5-[6-ethinyl-1-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y-
l]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoate
Herbicides or Plant Growth Regulators:
[0344] Usable combination partners for the inventive use of
compounds of formula (I) in mixture formulations or in a tankmix
are, for example, known active ingredients based on inhibition of,
for example, acetolactate synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase,
cellulose synthase, enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase,
glutamine synthetase, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase,
phytoendesaturase, photosystem I, photosystem II,
protoporphyrinogen oxidase, gibberellin biosynthesis, as described,
for example, in Weed Research 26 (1986) 441-445 or "The Pesticide
Manual", 15th edition, The British Crop Protection Council and the
Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 2009 and literature cited therein.
[0345] Examples of known herbicides or plant growth regulators
which can be combined with the inventive compounds include the
active ingredients which follow (the compounds are designated by
the "common name" according to the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) or by the chemical name or by the code
number) and always encompass all use forms, such as acids, salts,
esters and isomers, such as stereoisomers and optical isomers. By
way of example, one use form and in some cases a plurality of use
forms are mentioned:
[0346] Possible mixing partners from the group of herbicides
are:
acetochlor, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, alachlor,
allidochlor, alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, ametryn, amicarbazone,
amidochlor, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor,
aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl,
aminopyralid, amitrole, ammoniumsulfamate, anilofos, asulam,
atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, beflubutamid, benazolin,
benazolin-ethyl, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron,
bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, benzobicyclon,
benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium,
bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim,
bromoxynil, bromoxynil-potassium, bromoxynil-heptanoate,
bromoxynil-octanoate, bromoxynil-butyrate, busoxinone, butachlor,
butafenacil, butamifos, butenachlor, butralin, butroxydim,
butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone,
carfentrazone-ethyl, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chlorfenac,
chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenprop, chlorflurenol,
chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl,
chlorophthalim, chlorotoluron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorsulfuron,
cinidon, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim,
clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid,
cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, cumyluron, cyanamide, cyanazine,
cycloate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl,
cyprazine, 2,4-D, 2,4-D-butotyl, -butyl, -dimethylammonium,
-diolamin, -ethyl, -2-ethylhexyl, -isobutyl, -isooctyl,
-isopropylammonium, -potassium, -triisopropanolammonium and
-trolamine, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, -dimethylammonium, -isooctyl,
-potassium and -sodium, daimuron (dymron), dalapon, dazomet,
n-decanol, desmedipham, detosyl-pyrazolate (DTP), dicamba,
dichlobenil, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop, diclofop-methyl,
diclofop-P-methyl, diclosulam, difenzoquat, diflufenican,
diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, dimefuron, dimepiperate,
dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P,
dimetrasulfuron, dinitramine, dinoterb, diphenamid, diquat,
diquat-dibromid, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, endothal, EPTC,
esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl,
ethiozin, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron,
etobenzanid, F-5331, i.e.
N-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[4-(3-fluoropropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-tetrazol--
1-yl]-phenyl]-ethansulfonamide, F-7967, i.e.
3-[7-chloro-5-fluor-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl]-1-methyl-6--
(trifluormethyl)pyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dion, fenoxaprop,
fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone,
fentrazamide, flamprop, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl,
flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-butyl,
fluazifop-P-butyl, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium,
flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet (thiafluamide,
fluthiamide), flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac,
flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen,
fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron,
flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, fluridone,
flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurtamone,
fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, fluthiamide, fomesafen,
fomesafen-sodium, foramsulfuron, fosamine, glufosinate,
glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium,
glufosinate-P-sodium, glyphosate, glyphosate-isopropylammonium,
-ammonium, -diammonium, -dimethylammonium, -potassium, -sodium and
-trimesium, H-9201, i.e.
O-(2,4-Dimethyl-6-nitrophenyl)-O-ethyl-isopropylphosphoramidothioat,
halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P,
haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl,
haloxyfop-P-methyl, hexazinone, HW-02, i.e.
1-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-ethyl-(2,4-dichlorphenoxy)acetate,
imazamethabenz, Imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium,
imazapic, imazapic-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium,
imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium,
imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodosulfuron,
iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil-sodium,
ioxynil-potassium, ioxynil-octanoate, ipfencarbazone, isoproturon,
isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, karbutilate, KUH-043, i.e.
3-({[5-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methy-
l}sulfonyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole, ketospiradox,
lactofen, lenacil, linuron, MCPA (salts and esters), MCPB (salts
and esters), MCPB-methyl, -ethyl and -sodium, mecoprop,
mecoprop-sodium, and -butotyl, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P-butotyl,
-dimethylammonium, -2-ethylhexyl and -potassium, mefenacet,
mefluidide, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, metam,
metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron,
methabenzthiazuron, methiopyrisulfuron, methiozolin, methyl
isothiocyanate, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor,
metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl,
molinate, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuron-ester, MT-128,
i.e.
6-chloro-N-[(2E)-3-chlorprop-2-en-1-yl]-5-methyl-N-phenylpyridazin-3-amin-
e, MT-5950, i.e.
N-[3-chloro-4-(1-methylethyl)-phenyl]-2-methylpentanamide,
NGGC-011, napropamide, NC-310, i.e.
4-(2,4-Dichlorbenzoyl)-1-methyl-5-benzyloxypyrazol, neburon,
nicosulfuron, nonanoic acid, norflurazon, oleic acid (fatty acids),
orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon,
oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefon, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, paraquat
dichloride, pebulate, pelargonic acid (Nonansaure), pendimethalin,
penoxsulam, pentachlorphenol, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, petroleum
oils, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, picloram, picolinafen,
pinoxaden, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron,
primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, prifluraline, profoxydim,
prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop,
propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone,
propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide,
prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen,
pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate (pyrazolate),
pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribambenz,
pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim,
pyributicarb, pyridafol, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac,
pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium,
pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine,
quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl,
quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, sethoxydim,
siduron, simazine, simetryn, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone,
sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosate, sulfosulfuron,
SW-065, SYN-523, SYP-249, i.e.
1-ethoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobut-3-en-2-yl-5-[2-chlor-4-(trifluormethyl)ph-
enoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate, SYP-300, i.e.
1-[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-in-1-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]--
3-propyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4,5-dione, TCA (trichloroacetic
acid), TCA-sodium, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione,
tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbucarb, terbumeton, terbuthylazin,
terbutryn, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thiencarbazone,
thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl,
thiobencarb, topramezone, tralkoxydim, triafamone, triallate,
triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr,
trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifluralin,
triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, urea sulfate,
vernolate, ZJ-0862, i.e.
3,4-dichloro-N-{2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzyl}aniline,
as well as the following compounds:
##STR00018##
[0347] Possible mixing partners from the group of plant-growth
regulators are, for example: abscisic acid, acibenzolar,
acibenzolar-S-methyl, 5-aminolaevulinic acid, ancymidol,
6-benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, catechin, cloprop, cyclanilide,
3-(cycloprop-1-enyl)propionic acid, 3-(cycloprop-1-enyl)propionic
acid, sodium salt, daminozide, dazomet, n-decanol, dikegulac,
dikegulac-sodium, endothal, flumetralin, flurenol, flurenol-butyl,
flurprimidol, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide,
indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid,
isoprothiolane, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, kinetin, maleic
hydrazide, mepiquat chloride, 1-methylcyclopropene,
2-(1-naphthyl)acetamide, 1-naphthylacetic acid, 2-naphthyloxyacetic
acid, nitrophenolate-mixture, 4-oxo-4[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic
acid, paclobutrazol, N-phenylphthalamic acid, probenazol,
prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, prohydrojasmone, propham,
salicylic acid, Strigolacton, tecnazene, thidiazuron, triacontanol,
trinexapac, tsitodef, uniconazole, uniconazole-P.
[0348] The invention is to be illustrated by the biological
examples which follow, but without restricting it thereto.
Biological Examples
A) Testing Conditions
A1) Testing Conditions in Glasshouse Trials
[0349] The trials have been carried out in a glasshouse under
normal good growth conditions for the plants using pot trials with
8 cm diameter pots. Each pot contained 6-8 plants. The results are
the average of two replicates.
[0350] The applications have been done with seed treatment,
pre-emergence or post-emergence treatments. The pre- or
post-emergence applications were made with spray applications using
100-300 I/water per hectare. The crop plant species and the growth
stage of the crop plants at the time of application are reported in
the result tables. The dose rates of the herbicidal active
ingredients applied alone resp. in combinations are also mentioned
in the result tables.
[0351] The assessments have been done via visual ratings (0-100%
scale, several days after the application as indicated in the
result tables, comparing treated vs. untreated checks pots). The
results (as mean over all plants per pot and as mean over 2
replicates) are shown in the result tables below.
A2) Testing Conditions in Field Trials
[0352] The trials have been carried out under natural field
conditions (plot trials, 10 square meter plots, 2-4
replications).
[0353] The applications have been done with seed treatment, pre- or
post-emergence treatments straight (alone, 1 application) or
sequential treatments e.g. seed treatment followed by pre-emergence
and/or post-emergence spray applications. The pre- or
post-emergence applications were made with spray applications using
100-300 I/water per hectare. The growth stage of the crops species
at the time of application are reported in the result tables. The
dose rates of the herbicidal active ingredients applied alone
respective in sequential application are also described in the
result tables.
[0354] The assessments have been done via visual ratings (0-100%
scale) or counting. The trials have been harvested after crops
reached the full maturity. After the harvest the total weight of
kernels/seeds/beets per plot was measured. The results are reported
as means over 2-4 replications. The time between applications and
assessments or countings/harvest are described in the result tables
as well.
A3) Seed Treatment Conditions
[0355] The active ingredients have been applied to the untreated,
dry seeds together with a carrier. After a short period of time to
let the seeds dry, they were ready to be sown in the pot or field
using standard equipments.
B) Abbreviations in the Result Tables
[0356] ai=active ingredient (based on 100% active ingredient)
[0357] CPA=cyprsulfamide (Compound (A1) of present invention)
[0358] Dose [g/ai]=dose rates in gram active ingredient per hectare
[0359] EPC=epoxiconazole (F-108 of present invention) [0360]
fb=followed by (sequential applications) [0361] mg
ai/seed=milligrammes active ingredient per seed (per kernel) [0362]
g ai/kg seed=grammes active ingredient per kg seed [0363]
pre-emergence=applied (sprayed) after planting of the seeds (prior
to emergence) [0364] post-emergence=applied (sprayed) after
emergence of the crop plants [0365] PTC=prothioconazole (F-124 of
present invention) [0366] ST=applied as seed treatment (prior
planting) [0367] TBC=tebuconazole (F-127 of present invention)
[0368] TFS=trifloxystrobin (F-60 of present invention) [0369]
UTC=untreated control [0370] Yield [t/ha]=harvested grain yield
(mature kernels) in metric tons (1000 kg) per hectare
C) Results in Field Trials
TABLE-US-00001 [0371] TABLE 1 Grain yield effects on corn (maize)
after seed treatment with Cyprosulfamide Active Dose .sup.1) Yield
.sup.2) Relative Difference ingredient (s) [mg ai/seed] [t/ha] %
(%) vs. UTC (A) UTC -- 7.43 100% -- (B) Cypro- 0.15 8.32 112% +12%
sulfamide (C) Cypro- 0.225 8.39 113% +13% sulfamide .sup.1)
Application: Seed treatment prior planting .sup.2) Yield: Grain
yield at harvest, 110 days after planting (short season
variety)
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Germination and emergence of rice plants
after seed treatments with cyprosulfamide Active Dose .sup.1)
plants/ Difference ingredient (s) [g ai/kg seed] 10 m.sup.2 2)
Relative (%) vs. UTC (A) UTC -- 169 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide 0.5
208 123% +23% .sup.1) Application: Seet treatment (prior seeding)
.sup.2) Assessment: 12 days after emergence
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Grain yield effects on winter
wheat--preemergence application with Cyprosulfamide Active Dose
.sup.1) Yield .sup.2) Relative Difference ingredient (s) [g ai/ha]
[t/ha] % (%) vs. UTC (A) UTC -- 5.30 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide 100
5.88 111% +11% .sup.1) Application: Preemergence autumn .sup.2)
Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 247 days after application
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Grain yield effects on spring
wheat--postemergence application of Cyprosulfamide Active Dose
.sup.1) Yield .sup.2) Difference ingredient (s) [g ai/ha] [t/ha]
Relative (%) vs. UTC (A) UTC -- 3.55 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide 100
3.83 111% +8% .sup.1) Application: Beginning of emergence of the
ears (GS49) .sup.2) Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 48 days after
application
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Grain yield effects on corn--postemergence
application of Cyprosulfamide Active Dose .sup.1) Yield .sup.2)
Difference ingredient (s) [g ai/ha] [t/ha] Relative (%) vs. UTC (A)
UTC -- 4.38 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide 100 5.60 128 % +28% .sup.1)
Application: 6-8 leaves .sup.2) Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 130
days after application
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Yield effects on cotton--postemergence
application of Cyprosulfamide Active ingredient Dose .sup.1) Yield
t/ha Difference(%) (s) [g ai/ha] (lint) Relative vs. UTC (A) UTC --
0.219 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide 100 0.254 116% +16% .sup.1)
Application: Preflowering (GS 55) .sup.2) Yield: Yield of cotton
lints at harvest, 90 days after application
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Yield effects on spring wheat (gluten
content)--postemergence application of Cyprosulfamide Active
ingredient Dose .sup.1) Yield .sup.3) (s) [g ai/ha] Yield .sup.2)
Relative (A) UTC -- 28.4 100% (B) Cyprosulfamide 100 30.9 109%
.sup.1) Application: ear emergence .sup.2) Yield: gluten content
(absolute) in harvested grains, 35 days after application .sup.3)
Yield: relative gluten content in harvested grains, 35 days after
application
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Grain yield effects on
soybeans--postemergence application of Cyprosulfamide Active
ingredient Dose .sup.1) Yield .sup.2) Difference(%) (s) [g ai/ha]
[t/ha] Relative vs. UTC (A) UTC -- 2.65 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide
100 2.78 105% +5% .sup.1) Application: Preflowering (GS 60) .sup.2)
Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 45 days after application
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Grain yield effects on canola-sequential
application of Cyprosulfamide Active ingredient Yield .sup.2)
Difference(%) (s) Dose rate .sup.1) [t/ha] Relative vs. UTC (A) UTC
-- 2.80 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide 0.5 g ai/kg seed 3.47 124% +24%
fb 3 .times. 50 g ai/ha post .sup.1) Application: 1. seed treatment
prior planting fb 2. postemergence at 4-6 leaves fb 3.
postemergence at stem elongation fb 4. postemergence at beginning
of flowering .sup.2) Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 63 days after
application
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Grain yield effects on
canola--postemergence treatment with Cyprosulfamide Active
ingredient Dose .sup.1) Yield .sup.2) Difference(%) (s) [g ai/ha]
[t/ha] Relative vs. UTC (A) UTC -- 2.21 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide
100 2.62 119% +19% .sup.1) Application: Growth stage (GS 52)--pre
flowering .sup.2) Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 63 days after
treatment
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Grain yield effects on corn--sequential
application of Cyprosulfamide Active ingredient Yield .sup.2)
Difference(%) (s) Dose .sup.1) [t/ha] Relative vs. UTC (A) UTC --
10.2 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide 0.15 g ai/kg seed 14.1 138% +38% fb
3 .times. 50 g ai/ha post .sup.1) Application: 1. seed treatment
prior planting fb 2. postemergence at 2-4 leaves fb 3.
postemergence at 6-8 leaves fb 4. postemergence at preflowering
.sup.2) Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 98 days after emergence
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Yield effects on corn--sequential
application of Cyprosulfamide Active ingredient Yield .sup.2) Yield
.sup.3) (s) Dose .sup.1) [t/ha] [plants/sqm] (A) UTC -- 6.0 14 (B)
Cyprosulfamide 0.15 g ai/kg seed 7.5 17.3 fb 3 .times. 50 g ai/ha
post .sup.1) Application: 1. seed treatment prior planting fb 2.
postemergence at 2-4 leaves fb 3. postemergence at 6-8 leaves fb 4.
postemergence at preflowering .sup.2) Yield: Biomass yield at
harvest, 98 days after emergence .sup.3) Yield: Plant density at
harvest, 98 days after emergence
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Yield effects on sugarbeet--sequential
application of Cyprosulfamide Active ingredient Sugar Yield .sup.2)
Yield .sup.3) (s) Dose .sup.1) [kg/ha] [t/ha] (A) UTC -- 5778 59.3
(B) Cyprosulfamide 0.15 mg ai/ seed 6110 61.3 fb 3 .times. 50 g
ai/ha post .sup.1) Application: 1. seed treatment prior planting fb
2. postemergence at 2-4 leaves fb 3. postemergence at 6-8 leaves fb
4. postemergence at 10-12 leaves .sup.2) Yield: Sugar yield at
harvest, 44 days after last postemergence treatment .sup.3) Yield:
yield of beets (storage root/body) by weight at harvest, 44 days
after last postemergence treatment
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Grain yield effects on winter wheat--seed
treatment with Cyprosulfamide Active Dose .sup.1) Yield .sup.2)
ingredient [g ai/kg [g/1000 Difference(%) (s) seed] kernel]
Relative vs. UTC (A) UTC -- 36.3 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide 1 39.2
108% +8% .sup.1) Application: Seed treatment prior planting .sup.2)
Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 290 days after planting
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Grain yield effects on rice--sequential
application of Cyprosulfamide Active ingredient Yield .sup.2)
Difference(%) (s) Dose rate .sup.1) [t/ha] Relative vs. UTC (A) UTC
-- 5.47 100% -- (B) Cyprosulfamide 0.5 g ai/kg seed 5.74 105% +5%
fb 3 .times. 50 g ai/ha post .sup.1) Application: 1. seed treatment
prior planting fb 2. postemergence at 4-6 leaves fb 3.
postemergence at stem elongation fb 4. postemergence at beginning
of flowering .sup.2) Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 75 days after
last application
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Grain yield effects on spring
wheat--postemergence treatment with cyprosulfamide (CPA) +
epoxiconazole (EPC) Active ingredient Dose .sup.1) Yield .sup.2)
Difference(%) (s) [g ai/ha] [t/ha] Relative % vs. UTC (A) UTC --
1.84 100% -- (B) EPC 125 2.02 109.7% +9.7% (C) CPA + EPC 100 + 125
2.08 113% +13% .sup.1) Application: Post-emergence spring--flag
leaf sheath opening .sup.2) Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 55 days
after application
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Grain yield effects on spring
wheat--postemergence treatment with cyprosulfamide (CPA) +
prothioconazole (PTC) + tebuconazole (TBC) Active ingredient Dose
.sup.1) Yield .sup.2) Relative Difference(%) (s) [g ai/ha] [t/ha] %
vs. UTC (A) UTC -- 3.46 100% -- (B) PTC + TBC 125 + 125 3.72 107.5%
+7.5% (C) CPA + 100 + 3.84 111% +11% (PTC + TBC) (125 + 125)
.sup.1) Application: Post-emergence spring--flag leaf sheath
opening .sup.2) Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 55 days after
application
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Grain yield effects on corn--postemergence
treatment with cyprosulfamide (CPA) + (prothioconazole (PTC) +
trifloxystrobin (TFS)) Active Dose .sup.1) Yield .sup.2)
Difference(%) ingredient (s) [g ai/ha] [t/ha] Relative % vs. UTC
(A) UTC -- 11.01 100% -- (B) (PTC + TFS) (125 + 375) 11.37 103.2%
+3.2% (C) CPA + 100 + 11.65 105.8% +5.8% (PTC + TFS) (125 + 375)
.sup.1) Application: Post-emergence beginning of flowering .sup.2)
Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 122 days after application
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Grain yield effects on spring oilseed rape
(canola)--postemergence treatment with cyprosulfamide (CPA) +
tebuconazole (TBC) Active Dose .sup.1) Yield .sup.2) Difference(%)
ingredient (s) [g ai/ha] [t/ha] Relative % vs. UTC (A) UTC -- 3.91
100% -- (B) TBC 150 3.91 101.8% +1.8% (B) CPA + TBC 100 + 150 4.52
115.6% +15.6% .sup.1) Application: Post-emergence spring--beginning
of flowering .sup.2) Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 92 days after
application
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Grain yield effects on spring
wheat--postemergence treatment with cyprosulfamide (CSA) + (2,4-D +
MCPA) Active Dose .sup.1) Yield .sup.2) Difference(%) ingredient
(s) [g ai/ha] [t/ha] Relative % vs. UTC (A) (2,4-D + MCPA) (125 +
405) 1.84 100% -- (B) CSA + 100 + 2.31 125.5% +25.5% (2,4-D + MCPA)
(225 + 405) .sup.1) Application: Post-emergence spring--beginning
of flowering .sup.2) Yield: Grain yield at harvest, 55 days after
application
* * * * *
References