U.S. patent application number 16/295978 was filed with the patent office on 2019-06-27 for cd80 extracellular domain polypeptides and their use in cancer treatment.
This patent application is currently assigned to Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc.. Invention is credited to David BELLOVIN, Thomas BRENNAN, David BUSHA, Barbara SENNINO.
Application Number | 20190194288 16/295978 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 57286882 |
Filed Date | 2019-06-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20190194288 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BRENNAN; Thomas ; et
al. |
June 27, 2019 |
CD80 EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN POLYPEPTIDES AND THEIR USE IN CANCER
TREATMENT
Abstract
This application relates to CD80 (B7-1) extracellular domain
(ECD) polypeptides and CD80-ECD fusion molecules and their use in
treatment of cancer, both alone and in combination with other
therapeutic agents, such as immune stimulating agents such as
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
Inventors: |
BRENNAN; Thomas; (Cupertino,
CA) ; BELLOVIN; David; (San Jose, CA) ; BUSHA;
David; (Sausalito, CA) ; SENNINO; Barbara;
(San Francisco, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc. |
South San Francisco |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Five Prime Therapeutics,
Inc.
South San Francisco
CA
|
Family ID: |
57286882 |
Appl. No.: |
16/295978 |
Filed: |
March 7, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15340238 |
Nov 1, 2016 |
10273281 |
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16295978 |
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62249836 |
Nov 2, 2015 |
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62373654 |
Aug 11, 2016 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 39/39558 20130101;
A61K 38/00 20130101; A61K 45/06 20130101; A61K 38/1774 20130101;
A61P 43/00 20180101; C07K 2319/30 20130101; C07K 2319/03 20130101;
C07K 2317/41 20130101; A61P 35/00 20180101; C07K 14/70532 20130101;
C07K 16/00 20130101; C07K 16/2803 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C07K 14/705 20060101
C07K014/705; A61K 39/395 20060101 A61K039/395; A61K 38/17 20060101
A61K038/17; C07K 16/00 20060101 C07K016/00; A61K 45/06 20060101
A61K045/06; C07K 16/28 20060101 C07K016/28 |
Claims
1. A method of treating cancer in a subject comprising
administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition
comprising (i) CD80 extracellular domain (ECD) fusion molecules
comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20 and (ii) at
least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the CD80 ECD
fusion molecules comprise at least 15 moles of sialic acid (SA) per
mole of CD80 ECD fusion protein.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the CD80 ECD fusion molecules
comprise 15-60 moles of SA per mole of CD80 ECD fusion protein.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the CD80 ECD fusion molecules
comprise 15-40 moles of SA per mole of CD80 ECD fusion protein.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the CD80 ECD fusion molecules
comprise 15-30 moles of SA per mole of CD80 ECD fusion protein.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the CD80 ECD fusion molecules
comprise 20-30 moles of SA per mole of CD80 ECD fusion protein.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the CD80 ECD fusion molecules
comprise at least 20 moles of SA per mole of CD80 ECD fusion
protein.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition alone does not
cause significant release of interferon gamma or TNF alpha from
T-cells in vitro.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition alone causes less
release of interferon gamma or TNF alpha from T-cells in vitro than
TGN1412 alone.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the composition alone is at least
1000-fold less potent at inducing interferon gamma or TNF alpha
release compared to TGN1412 alone.
10. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition alone does not
cause significant release of interferon gamma or TNF alpha from
T-cells in vitro.
11. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition alone causes
less release of interferon gamma or TNF alpha from T-cells in vitro
than TGN1412 alone.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition alone is at
least 1000-fold less potent at inducing interferon gamma or TNF
alpha release compared to TGN1412 alone.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is capable of at
least 90% tumor growth inhibition in at least one mouse syngeneic
cancer model over a period of at least 1 week, 10 days, two weeks,
or three weeks following administration of a single dose of the
fusion molecule at 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the mouse syngeneic cancer
model is a CT26 tumor model.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is a solid tumor.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the cancer is selected from
colorectal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, non-small cell
lung cancer, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and
neck, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cell carcinoma,
hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder cancer, and endometrial
cancer.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the cancer is recurrent or
progressive after a therapy selected from surgery, chemotherapy,
radiation, or a combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 2, wherein the cancer is a solid tumor.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is administered
in combination with at least one additional therapeutic agent.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the additional therapeutic
agent is a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death
ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is an
anti-PD-1 antibody.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is an
anti-PD-L1 antibody.
23. The method of claim 20, wherein the composition and the
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor are administered concurrently.
24. The method of claim 20, wherein the composition and the
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor are administered sequentially.
25. The method of claim 20, wherein the subject previously received
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy and is resistant to treatment with a
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor.
26. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition is administered
in combination with at least one additional therapeutic agent.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the additional therapeutic
agent is a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death
ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor.
28. The method of claim 18, wherein the composition is administered
in combination with at least one additional therapeutic agent.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the additional therapeutic
agent is a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death
ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor.
30. A method of treating cancer in a subject comprising
administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition
comprising (i) CD80 ECD fusion molecules comprising the amino acid
sequence of SEQ ID NO:20, and (ii) at least one pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the composition alone does not
cause significant release of interferon gamma or TNF alpha from
T-cells in vitro.
32. The method of claim 30, wherein the composition alone causes
less release of interferon gamma or TNF alpha from T-cells in vitro
than TGN1412 alone.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the composition alone is at
least 1000-fold less potent at inducing interferon gamma or TNF
alpha release compared to TGN1412 alone.
34. The method of claim 30, wherein the composition is capable of
at least 90% tumor growth inhibition in at least one mouse
syngeneic cancer model over a period of at least 1 week, 10 days,
two weeks, or three weeks following administration of a single dose
of the fusion molecule at 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the mouse syngeneic cancer
model is a CT26 tumor model.
36. The method of claim 30, where in the cancer is a solid
tumor.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is selected from
colorectal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, non-small cell
lung cancer, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and
neck, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cell carcinoma,
hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder cancer, and endometrial
cancer.
38. The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is recurrent or
progressive after a therapy selected from surgery, chemotherapy,
radiation, or a combination thereof.
39. The method of claim 30, wherein the composition is administered
in combination with at least one additional therapeutic agent.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein the additional therapeutic
agent is a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is an
anti-PD-1 antibody.
42. The method of claim 40, wherein the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is an
anti-PD-L1 antibody.
43. The method of claim 40, wherein the composition and the
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor are administered concurrently.
44. The method of claim 40, wherein the composition and the
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor are administered sequentially.
45. The method of claim 40, wherein the subject previously received
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy and is resistant to treatment with a
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 15/340,238, filed Nov. 1, 2016 and to US Provisional
Patent Application Nos. 62/373,654, filed Aug. 11, 2016, and
62/249,836, filed Nov. 2, 2015, all of which are incorporated
herein by reference in their entirety.
SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which
has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created
on Mar. 7, 2019, is named 3986_0010003_SL_ST25.txt and is 60,690
bytes in size.
FIELD
[0003] This application relates to CD80 (B7-1) extracellular domain
(ECD) polypeptides and CD80-ECD fusion molecules and their use in
treatment of cancer, both alone and in combination with other
therapeutic agents, such as immune stimulating agents such as
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
BACKGROUND
[0004] CD80, also known as B7-1, is one of the B7 family of
membrane-bound proteins involved in immune regulation by delivering
costimulatory or coinhibitory responses through their ligand
binding activities. Other members of the B7 family of proteins
include CD86 (B7-2), inducible costimulator ligand (ICOS-L),
programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1; B7-H1), programmed death-2 ligand
(PD-L2; B7-H2), B7-H3, and B7-H4. CD80 is a transmembrane protein
expressed on the surface of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and
monocytes, and binds to the receptors CD28, CTLA4 (CD152), and
PD-L1. CD80 and CD86 and their receptors CTLA4 and CD28 operate as
a costimulatory-coinhibitory system, for example, to control T cell
activation, expansion, differentiation, and survival. CD80 and CD86
interaction with CD28 results in costimulatory signals that lead,
for example, to activation of T cell responses. CD80, in turn,
stimulates upregulation of CTLA4, which, upon binding to CD80, acts
to suppress the T cell response previously triggered by CD80/CD28
interactions. This feedback loop allows for fine control of immune
responses.
[0005] CD80 has also been shown to interact with another B7 family
member, PD-L1 with similar affinity to CD28, whereas CD86 does not
interact with PD-L1. PD-L1 is one of two ligands for the programmed
death-1 (PD-1) protein, which is also involved in T cell
regulation. Specifically, expression of PD-1 on T cells may be
induced after T cells have been activated, and binding of PD-1 to
PD-L1 downregulates T cell activity by promoting T cell
inactivation. Many tumor cells express PD-L1 on their surface,
potentially leading to PD-1/PD-L1 interactions and the inhibition
of T cell responses against the tumor. This observation has led to
the development of inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction as
cancer therapeutics designed to stimulate natural immune responses
against tumors in patients.
[0006] Binding of CD80 to PD-L1 may serve as an alternative
mechanism to block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and prevent
inhibition of T cell responses at the site of a tumor. At the same
time, however, increased levels of CD80 might also be available to
bind to CD28 and to induce CTLA4, thus either inducing or
inhibiting T cell responses. Some soluble forms of CD80 may also
function to block CTLA4 activation by blocking endogenous CD80
activity. In addition, different soluble CD80 protein forms may
have different effects on tumor growth through other interactions
between the protein forms and tumor cells whose impact cannot be
predicted in advance of testing. How various soluble forms of CD80
actually impact tumor growth in vivo has also not previously been
directly tested. The present inventors have developed a set of CD80
extracellular domain (ECD) fusion molecules with particularly
potent effects on tumor growth in a mouse model, both when
administered alone, and when administered in conjunction with a
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Based on the data shown in the working
examples below, embodiments herein may provide superb therapeutic
effects in cancer treatment.
SUMMARY
[0007] In some embodiments, a CD80 extracellular domain (ECD)
polypeptide or a CD80 ECD fusion molecule is provided. In some
embodiments, the fusion molecule comprises a CD80 ECD and at least
one fusion partner, comprising an Fc domain of an immunoglobulin,
such as a human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4, albumin, or a polymer
such as PEG. In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion
molecule comprises a human CD80, such as that of SEQ ID NO:5, or a
human CD80 ECD from CD80 isoform 2 or isoform 3 (SEQ ID NOs: 3 and
4). In some embodiments, the fusion molecule comprises an Fc
domain, such as an Fc domain comprising a sequence selected from
SEQ ID NOs: 9-16. In some embodiments, the fusion molecule
comprises a human IgG1 Fc domain, such as one with a wild-type
sequence such as that of SEQ ID NO:14, or alternatively, a mutant
sequence with L234F, L235E, and P331S amino acid substitutions such
as that of SEQ ID NO:12. In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion
molecule comprises an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO:
5, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO: 20, and SEQ ID NO: 21.
In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion molecule fusion partner is
directly attached to the C-terminal amino acid of the CD80 ECD
amino acid sequence or to the N-terminal amino acid of the mature
CD80 ECD amino acid sequence. In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD
fusion molecule may be attached to the CD80 ECD through a linker
peptide, such as a GS linker.
[0008] In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion molecule has a
sialic acid content of 10-60 mol sialic acid (SA)/mol protein, such
as 15-60 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the content is
10-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 15-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as
20-40 mol SA/mol protein, 20-30 mol SA/mol protein, 15-25 mol
SA/mol protein, 15-30 mol SA to mol of protein, or 30-40 mol SA/mol
protein. In some embodiments, the SA content is at least 15, such
as at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, or at least
40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the SA content is 15,
20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some such embodiments,
the CD80 ECD fusion molecule is a CD80 ECD Fc fusion, for example,
with a wild-type Fc domain such as a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 Fc
domain, or, alternatively, an IgG1 Fc domain with substitutions at
L234F, L235E, and P331S. In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion
molecule comprises an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO:
5, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO: 20, and SEQ ID NO: 21.
In some embodiments above, the fusion molecule has a greater
percentage tumor growth inhibition in a mouse syngeneic or
xenograft model, such as in a CT26 mouse model than a fusion
molecule of identical amino acid sequence but a lower SA content.
In some embodiments above, where the fusion molecule comprises at
least 10 mol SA/mol protein, such as at least 15 mol SA/mol
protein, such as at least 20 mol SA/mol protein, the fusion
molecule has a greater percentage tumor growth inhibition in a
mouse syngeneic or xenograft model, such as in a CT26 mouse model
than a fusion molecule of identical amino acid sequence but having
less than 10 mol SA/mol protein or less than 15 mol SA/mol protein
or less than 20 mol SA/mol protein, respectively.
[0009] Some embodiments herein comprise a CD80 ECD fusion molecule
wherein the molecule is capable of at least 50%, such as at least
60%, such as at least 70%, such as at least 80%, such as at least
90%, such as at least 95%, such as at least 98% tumor cell growth
inhibition in at least one mouse syngeneic or xenograft cancer
model, such as a CT26 model, over a period of at least ten days,
such as at least two weeks, such as over a period of ten days to
two weeks or two to three weeks, or at least three weeks.
[0010] In some embodiments, mice are given one to three doses of
0.3 to 3 mg/kg, such as 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg, of the CD80 ECD Fc fusion
molecule. In some such embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion molecule
also has a sialic acid content of 10-60 mol sialic acid (SA)/mol
protein, such as 15-60 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the
content is 10-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 15-40 mol SA/mol
protein, such as 20-40 mol SA/mol protein, 20-30 mol SA/mol
protein, 15-25 mol SA/mol protein, 15-30 mol SA to mol of protein,
or 30-40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the SA content is
at least 15, such as at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at
least 35, or at least 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments,
the SA content is 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 mol SA/mol protein. In
some embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion molecule has an Fc as a
fusion partner, such as a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 Fc domain. In
some embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion molecule comprises an amino
acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID
NO:14, SEQ ID NO: 20, and SEQ ID NO: 21. In some embodiments above
where the fusion molecule comprises at least 10 mol SA/mol protein,
such as at least 15 mol SA/mol protein, such as at least 20 mol
SA/mol protein, the molecule has a greater percentage tumor growth
inhibition in a mouse syngeneic or xenograft model, such as in a
CT26 mouse model, than a fusion molecule of identical amino acid
sequence but having less than 10 mol SA/mol protein or less than 15
mol SA/mol protein or less than 20 mol SA/mol protein,
respectively. In some embodiments above where the fusion molecule
comprises at least 10 mol SA/mol protein, such as at least 15 mol
SA/mol protein, such as at least 20 mol SA/mol protein, the
molecule has a greater percentage tumor growth inhibition in a
mouse syngeneic or xenograft model, such as in a CT26 mouse model,
after at least ten days or at least two weeks or at least three
weeks, such as ten days to two weeks or two to three weeks, than an
anti-CTLA4 antibody, such as anti-CTLA4 antibody clone 9D9.
[0011] In some of the above embodiments, the CD80 ECD Fc fusion
molecule is also capable of inducing complete tumor regression in
mice from the syngeneic or xenograft tumor model, such as a CT26
model.
[0012] Also provided herein are compositions comprising a CD80 ECD
or CD80 ECD fusion molecule of any of the embodiments described
above, and further comprising at least one pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier. Some such compositions further comprise at
least one additional therapeutic agent.
[0013] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent
comprises at least one immune stimulating agent. In some
embodiments, the immune stimulating agent comprises a programmed
cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)
inhibitor. The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor may be an antibody, such as an
anti-PD-1 antibody or anti-PD-L1 antibody, a peptide or fusion
molecule, or a small molecule.
[0014] In some embodiments, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is an
anti-PD-1 antibody, such as an antibody comprising the heavy chain
and light chain CDRs, or comprising the heavy and light chain
variable regions, or comprising the full amino acid sequence, of an
antibody selected from nivolumab, pidilizumab, and pembrolizumab.
In some embodiments, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1
antibody, such as an antibody comprising the heavy chain and light
chain CDRs, the heavy and light chain variable regions, or the full
amino acid sequence, of an antibody selected from BMS-936559,
MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, and MSB0010718C.
[0015] In some embodiments, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is a PD-1
fusion molecule, such as AMP-224 or a polypeptide such as
AUR-012.
[0016] Also included herein are methods of treating cancer in a
subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount
of a CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion protein or a composition from
among the embodiments described above. In some embodiments, the
cancer is a solid tumor. In some embodiments, the cancer is
selected from colorectal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer,
non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of
the head and neck, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cell
carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder cancer, and
endometrial cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is recurrent or
progressive after a therapy selected from surgery, chemotherapy,
radiation therapy, or a combination thereof.
[0017] In some of the methods herein, the CD80 ECD, CD80 ECD fusion
molecule, or composition is administered in combination with at
least one additional therapeutic agent. In some such embodiments,
the additional therapeutic agent may be packaged with the CD80 ECD
or CD80 ECD fusion molecule as part of the same composition, e.g.
mixed together in one composition or provided in separate
containers, vials, or other packages. In some embodiments, the
additional therapeutic agent comprises at least one immune
stimulating agent. In some embodiments, the immune stimulating
agent comprises a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell
death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor. The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor may be
an antibody, such as an anti-PD-1 antibody or anti-PD-L1 antibody,
a peptide or fusion molecule, or a small molecule.
[0018] In some embodiments, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is an
anti-PD-1 antibody, such as an antibody comprising the heavy chain
and light chain CDRs, or comprising the heavy and light chain
variable regions, or comprising the full amino acid sequence, of an
antibody selected from nivolumab, pidilizumab, and pembrolizumab.
In some embodiments, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1
antibody, such as an antibody comprising the heavy chain and light
chain CDRs, the heavy and light chain variable regions, or the full
amino acid sequence, of an antibody selected from BMS-936559,
MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, and MSB0010718C.
[0019] In some embodiments, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is a PD-1
fusion molecule, such as AMP-224 or a polypeptide such as
AUR-012.
[0020] In some embodiments of the methods herein, the CD80 ECD or
CD80 ECD fusion molecule and the additional therapeutic agent, such
as an immune stimulating agent, such as a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, may
be administered concurrently or sequentially. In some cases, one or
more doses of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor are administered prior to
administering the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule. In some
cases, the subject has received a complete course of immune
stimulating agent, e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy prior to
administration of the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule. In some
cases, the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule is administered
during a second course of immune stimulation agent, e.g. PD-1/PD-L1
inhibitor therapy. In some cases, the subject has received at least
one, at least two, at least three, or at least four doses of the
immune stimulating agent, such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor prior to
administration of the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule. In some
cases, at least one dose of the immune stimulating agent, e.g.
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is administered concurrently with the CD80 ECD
or CD80 ECD fusion molecule.
[0021] In some embodiments, one or more doses of the CD80 ECD or
CD80 ECD fusion molecule are administered prior to administering an
additional therapeutic agent, such as an immune stimulating agent,
such as a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. In some such cases, the subject has
received at least one, at least two, at least three, or at least
four doses of the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule prior to
administration of an immune stimulating agent, e.g. a PD-1/PD-L1
inhibitor. In some cases, at least one dose of the CD80 ECD or CD80
ECD fusion molecule is administered concurrently with the immune
stimulating agent, e.g. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor.
[0022] In any of the methods herein, the subject may be resistant
to treatment with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. In some such cases, the
subject has previously received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy, while
in other such cases, the subject has not previously received
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy but is identified as resistant through
other means such as certain phenotypic traits.
[0023] In any of the above methods, the subject may be administered
an additional therapeutic agent comprising at least one
chemotherapy agent, growth inhibitory agent, anti-angiogenesis
agent and/or anti-neoplastic composition, in addition to the CD80
ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule.
[0024] In some embodiments, the combination of the CD80 ECD or CD80
ECD fusion molecule and an immune stimulating agent, such as a
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor that is administered to the subject has been
shown to reduce or inhibit tumor growth in at least one mouse
syngeneic or xenograft cancer model in a synergistic fashion
compared to treatment with either the CD80 ECD or fusion molecule
or the immune stimulating agent, such as the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor,
given alone. In some embodiments, the mouse model is a colorectal
cancer model with murine colorectal carcinoma CT26 cells. In other
embodiments, the model may be an MC38 model or a B16 model.
[0025] In any of the above method embodiments, the CD80 ECD or CD80
ECD fusion molecule administered to the subject may inhibit tumor
growth in at least one mouse syngeneic or xenograft cancer model
over a period of 1 week, 10 days, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks, for example,
by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least
50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at
least 95%, or at least 98%, or may inhibit growth of tumors by at
least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%,
at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least
95%, or at least 98% in a patient over a period of one month, two
months, three months, six months, or one year. In any of the above
method embodiments, administration of the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD
fusion molecule may reduce the volume of at least one tumor in an
animal or human subject by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least
30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at
least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%, for
example, over a period of one month, two months, three months, six
months, or one year. In some such embodiments, the tumor is a solid
tumor.
[0026] In any of the above combination therapy method embodiments,
the combination of the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule with an
additional therapeutic agent, such as an immune stimulator, such as
a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, administered to the subject may inhibit
tumor growth in at least one mouse syngeneic or xenograft cancer
model over a period of 1 week, 10 days, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks, for
example, by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%,
at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least
90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%, or may inhibit growth of tumors
by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least
50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at
least 95%, or at least 98% in a patient over a period of one month,
two months, three months, six months, or one year. In any of the
above combination therapy method embodiments, the combination of
the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule with an additional
therapeutic agent, such as an immune stimulator, such as a
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, administered to the subject may reduce the
volume of at least one tumor in an animal or human subject by at
least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%,
at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least
95%, or at least 98%, for example, over a period of one month, two
months, three months, six months, or one year. In some such
embodiments, the tumor is a solid tumor.
[0027] In some of the above combination therapy embodiments, the
CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule is a CD80 ECD fusion molecule
comprising 10-60 mol sialic acid (SA) to mol of CD80 ECD protein,
such as 15-60 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the content
is 10-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 15-40 mol SA/mol protein, such
as 20-40 mol SA/mol protein, 20-30 mol SA/mol protein, 15-25 mol
SA/mol protein, 15-30 mol SA to mol of protein, or 30-40 mol SA/mol
protein. In some embodiments, the SA content is at least 15, such
as at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, or at least
40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the SA content is 15,
20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some such embodiments,
the CD80 ECD fusion molecule comprises an Fc domain as fusion
partner, such as a wild-type Fc domain, such as a wild-type human
IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 Fc domain. In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD
fusion molecule comprises an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ
ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO: 20, and SEQ ID
NO: 21. In some such embodiments, the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion
molecule is capable of at least 90% reduction of growth of CT26
tumor cells in mice, such as at least 95%, or at least 98%, over a
period of at least ten days, such as at least two weeks, such as at
least three weeks, such as over a period of ten days to two weeks
or two to three weeks. In some embodiments, these results are
obtained after mice are given one to three doses of 0.3 to 3 mg/kg,
such as 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg, of the CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule.
[0028] Also comprised herein is a CD80 ECD fusion molecule
comprising a human CD80 ECD polypeptide and a human IgG1 Fc domain,
such as a wild-type human IgG1 Fc, wherein the CD80 ECD Fc
comprises 10-60 mol SA to mol of CD80 ECD Fc protein, such as 15-60
mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the content is 10-40 mol
SA/mol protein, such as 15-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 20-40 mol
SA/mol protein, 20-30 mol SA/mol protein, 15-25 mol SA/mol protein,
15-30 mol SA to mol of protein, or 30-40 mol SA/mol protein. In
some embodiments, the SA content is at least 15, such as at least
20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, or at least 40 mol
SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the SA content is 15, 20, 25,
30, 35, or 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the Fc
domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14. In some
embodiments, the fusion molecule comprises the amino acid sequence
of SEQ ID NO:20. In some embodiments, the molecule is capable of at
least 90% reduction, such as at least 95%, or at least 98% of
growth of CT26 tumor cells in mice over a period of at least ten
days, such as at least two weeks, such as at least three weeks,
such as over a period of ten days to two weeks or two to three
weeks. In some embodiments, these results are obtained after mice
are given one to three doses of 0.3 to 3 mg/kg, such as 0.3 to 0.6
mg/kg, of the CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule.
[0029] Also comprised are compositions comprising the CD80 ECD IgG1
Fc and further comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier. Such compositions may also contain an additional
therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic
agent is at least one immune stimulating agent, such as a
programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1
(PD-L1) inhibitor. In some cases, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is an
antibody, such as an anti-PD-1 antibody, such as nivolumab,
pidilizumab, and pembrolizumab. For example, the antibody may have
the heavy chain and light chain CDRs or the heavy and light chain
variable regions of an antibody selected from nivolumab,
pidilizumab, and pembrolizumab. In other embodiments, the
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1 antibody. An anti-PD-L1
antibody may have the heavy chain and light chain CDRs of an
antibody selected from BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, and
MSB0010718C, for example, or may comprise the heavy chain and light
chain variable regions of BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, or
MSB0010718C. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is
selected from BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, and MSB0010718C.
Alternatively, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor may be a PD-1 fusion
molecule such as AMP-224 or a polypeptide such as AUR-012.
[0030] This disclosure also encompasses methods of treating cancer
in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective
amount of a CD80 ECD IgG1 Fc fusion molecule as described above. In
some embodiments, the cancer is a solid tumor, such as a cancer
selected from colorectal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer,
non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of
the head and neck, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cell
carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder cancer, and
endometrial cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is recurrent or
progressive after a therapy selected from surgery, chemotherapy,
radiation therapy, or a combination thereof.
[0031] In some of these method embodiments, the CD80 ECD Fc
comprises 10-60 mol SA to mol of CD80 ECD Fc protein, such as 15-60
mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the content is 10-40 mol
SA/mol protein, such as 15-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 20-40 mol
SA/mol protein, 20-30 mol SA/mol protein, 15-25 mol SA/mol protein,
15-30 mol SA to mol of protein, or 30-40 mol SA/mol protein. In
some embodiments, the SA content is at least 15, such as at least
20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, or at least 40 mol
SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the SA content is 15, 20, 25,
30, 35, or 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the Fc
domain is a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 Fc domain. In some
embodiments, the Fc domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ
ID NO:14. In some embodiments, the fusion molecule comprises the
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20 or 21. In some embodiments, the
molecule is capable of at least 90% reduction of growth of CT26
tumor cells in mice over a period of two or three weeks following
inoculation of mice with tumor cells. In some embodiments, the
molecule is capable of at least 95% reduction of growth of CT26
tumor cells, such as at least 98% reduction, in mice over a period
of two or three weeks following inoculation of mice with tumor
cells. For example, such results may be obtained when the mice are
given one to three doses of 0.3 to 3.0 mg/kg, such as 0.3 to 0.6
mg/kg, of the ECD Fc fusion molecule. In some of the method
embodiments, the CD80 ECD Fc comprises 10-40 mol SA to mol of CD80
ECD Fc protein, and the CD80 ECD Fc reduces growth of CT26 tumor
cells in mice over a period of two or three weeks by a greater
degree than a CD80 ECD Fc protein of the same amino acid sequence
comprising less than 10 mol SA to mol of CD80 ECD Fc protein. The
disclosure herein also comprises methods of enhancing efficacy of a
CD80 ECD fusion protein in treating cancer in a subject comprising
increasing the level of sialic acid (SA) in the CD80 ECD fusion
protein or providing a CD80 ECD fusion protein with an increased SA
level and administering the CD80 ECD fusion protein comprising an
increased level of SA to the subject. In some such embodiments, the
SA level is increased by 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mol to mol of
CD80 ECD protein. In some of these method embodiments, the CD80 ECD
Fc comprises 10-60 mol SA to mol of CD80 ECD Fc protein, such as
15-60 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the content is 10-40
mol SA/mol protein, such as 15-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 20-40
mol SA/mol protein, 20-30 mol SA/mol protein, 15-25 mol SA/mol
protein, 15-30 mol SA to mol of protein, or 30-40 mol SA/mol
protein. In some embodiments, the SA content is 15, 20, 25, 30, 35,
or 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the Fc domain is a
human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 Fc domain. In some embodiments, the Fc
domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14. In some
embodiments, the fusion molecule comprises the amino acid sequence
of SEQ ID NO:20 or 21. In some embodiments, the molecule is capable
of at least 90% reduction of growth of CT26 tumor cells in mice
over a period of two or three weeks. In some embodiments, the
molecule is capable of at least 95%, such as at least 98%,
reduction of growth of CT26 tumor cells in mice over a period of at
least ten days, such as at least two weeks, such as at least three
weeks, such as over a period of ten days to two weeks or two to
three weeks. In some embodiments, these results are obtained after
mice are given one to three doses of 0.3 to 3 mg/kg, such as 0.3 to
0.6 mg/kg, of the CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule.
[0032] In some of these method embodiments, the enhanced efficacy
is measured as an increase in overall survival, an increase in
disease-free survival, or as a greater reduction in the growth of
at least one tumor in an animal or human subject. In other words,
one or more of these parameters is improved upon administration of
the CD80 ECD fusion molecule with higher SA content compared to a
CD80 ECD fusion molecule with a lower SA content. In other
embodiments, the enhanced efficacy is measured as a greater
reduction in tumor growth in a mouse syngeneic or xenograft model
such as a CT26 mouse model or as a reduced rate of clearance in an
animal or human subject. In some embodiments, the efficacy is
measured as a greater reduction in tumor growth of at least one
tumor in the subject or a greater reduction in tumor growth in at
least one mouse syngeneic or xenograft model, and wherein the tumor
growth is further reduced by at least 10%, such as at least 20%, at
least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%,
at least 80%, or at least 90% upon administration of the CD80 ECD
fusion molecule with increased SA level in comparison to
administration of the CD80 ECD fusion molecule without the
increased SA level.
[0033] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general
description and the following detailed description are exemplary
and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the claims. The
section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only
and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter
described. All references cited herein, including patent
applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference
in their entireties for any purpose.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] FIGS. 1a-1b show effects of administering a CD80 ECD Fc
fusion molecule compared with a CTLA4 ECD Fc fusion molecule and a
saline control to mice implanted with murine colorectal carcinoma
cell line CT26 cells. FIG. 1a shows tumor volume at up to 21 days
post-inoculation of mice with the CT26 cells. As shown in the
figure, CTLA4 ECD Fc enhanced tumor growth while CD80 ECD Fc
inhibited tumor growth in a statistically significant manner
compared to the saline control. P-values were calculated using
unpaired, two-tailed t-test analyses of the calculated tumor
volumes on each day of the study (*p<0.05, **p<0.01,
***p<0.001). FIG. 1b shows individual tumor volumes on Day 19
post-inoculation for the three groups.
[0035] FIGS. 2a-2b show effects of administering a CD80 ECD Fc
fusion molecule or an anti-PD-1 antibody or a combination of the
two compared to a saline control to mice implanted with murine
colorectal carcinoma cell line CT26 cells. FIG. 2a shows tumor
volume at up to 14 days post-inoculation. Mice administered with
the CD80 ECD Fc and anti-PD-1 combination showed statistically
significant reduction in tumor growth compared to either the CD80
ECD Fc (p<0.01 beginning after Day 9) or anti-PD-1 (p<0.01 on
Day 14) single therapies. Statistical significance was determined
via two-tailed, unpaired t-Test comparing the combination group to
the CD80 ECD Fc group. FIG. 2b shows individual tumor volumes on
Day 14.
[0036] FIGS. 3a-b show the effect of the Fc fusion polypeptide
sequence on effects of a CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule on tumor
growth of the CT26 tumors in mice. Specifically, mice were
administered saline control, or a CD80 ECD Fc with a human IgG1
wild-type Fc domain fusion partner (CD80-IgG1 WT), or with a CD80
ECD Fc with a mutant (L234F/L235E/P331S) human IgG1 Fc domain
fusion partner (CD80-IgG1 MT). FIG. 3a shows changes in tumor
volume up to Day 21 post-inoculation. The mutated Fc domain
resulted in enhanced anti-tumor activity, which was statistically
significant beginning on Day 14 after inoculation (p<0.01).
Statistical significance was determined via a two-tailed, unpaired
t-Test. FIG. 3b shows individual tumor volumes on Day 21
post-inoculation.
[0037] FIGS. 4a-b show staining of murine tumor cells for presence
of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells after exposure to saline control or to
CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecules with either wild-type and mutant Fc
fusion partners. FIG. 4a provides representative images showing
CD3+ cells (top images) and corresponding DAPI staining (nuclei,
bottom images) in CT26 tumors collected 7 days after injection of
Saline, CD80-IgG1 WT or CD80-IgG1 MT. Both CD80-IgG1 WT and
CD80-IgG1 MT increased the number of CD3+ cells within the tumors
compared to vehicle but the magnitude of the increase was greater
after CD80-IgG1 MT. Images were collected using the 10.times.
objective. FIG. 4b provides representative images showing CD3+
cells (top row) and CD4+ cells (bottom row) in CT26 tumors
collected 7 days after injection of Saline, CD80-IgG1 WT or
CD80-IgG1 MT. The images were the taken in the same field of view
but with different channels. Both CD80-IgG1 WT and CD80-IgG1 MT
increased the number of infiltrating CD4+ cells compared to
vehicle. The ratio of CD3+ to CD4+ cells was increased with the
CD80-IgG1 MT compared to the CD80-IgG1 WT. Images were collected
using the 10.times. objective.
[0038] FIGS. 5a-d show release of cytokines IFN-.gamma. and
TNF-.alpha. from T-cells on 96 well tissue culture plates exposed
to protein A beads coated with 0.01, 0.1, or 1 .mu.g/well of a CD80
ECD IgG1 Fc domain fusion molecule (CD80-Fc). FIGS. 5a and 5c show
that bead-immobilized CD80-Fc alone did not cause significant
T-cell activation, as measured by soluble cytokine production.
FIGS. 5b and 5d show that when a small amount of OKT3-scFv (too low
to cause T-cell stimulation on its own) was immobilized along with
the CD80-Fc, cytokine release was observed.
[0039] FIG. 6 shows tumor growth of murine CT26 tumors following
treatment with a saline control or either 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg doses of
three different lots of a CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule having three
different sialic acid (SA) contents. Lot A has 5 mol SA/mol
protein, lot D has 15 mol SA/mol protein and lot E has 20 mol
SA/mol protein. Treatment with CD80 ECD Fc lot E dosed at 0.3 or
0.6 mg/kg resulted in a 93% and 98% inhibition of tumor growth
compared to the control (P<0.001). Treatment with CD80 ECD Fc
lot D dosed at 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg resulted in a 93% and 95%
inhibition of tumor growth compared to the control (P<0.001). By
comparison, treatment with CD80 ECD Fc lot A at 0.3 mg/kg did not
inhibit tumor growth compared to the control and when dosed at 0.6
mg/kg it only induced 70% inhibition (P<0.001) of tumor
growth.
[0040] FIG. 7 shows tumor growth of CT26 tumors treated with mouse
IgG2b at 10 mg/kg; murine CD80 ECD-Fc SA 20 mol/mol at 0.3 mg/kg;
anti-CTLA4 antibody clone 9D9 at 10 mg/kg; and anti-CTLA4 antibody
clone 9D9 at 1.5 mg/kg. Arrows indicate when mice were dosed. The
asterisk symbol (*) denotes statistically significant differences
between murine CD80 ECD-Fc SA 20 mol/mol at 0.3 mg/kg and the other
treatments.
[0041] FIG. 8 shows tumor growth of MC38 tumors treated with mouse
IgG2b at 10 mg/kg; murine CD80 ECD-Fc SA 20 mol/mol at 3 mg/kg;
anti-CTLA4 antibody clone 9D9 at 10 mg/kg; and anti-CTLA4 antibody
clone 9D9 at 1.5 mg/kg. Arrows indicate when mice were dosed. The
asterisk symbol (*) denotes statistically significant differences
between murine CD80 ECD-Fc SA 20 mol/mol at 3 mg/kg and the other
treatments.
[0042] FIG. 9 shows tumor growth of B16 tumors treated with mouse
IgG2b at 10 mg/kg; murine CD80 ECD-Fc SA 20 mol/mol at 3 mg/kg;
anti-CTLA4 antibody clone 9D9 at 10 mg/kg; and anti-CTLA4 antibody
clone 9D9 at 1.5 mg/kg. Arrows indicate when mice were dosed. The
asterisk symbol (*) denotes statistically significant differences
between murine CD80 ECD-Fc SA 20 mol/mol at 3 mg/kg and the other
treatments.
DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
Definitions
[0043] Unless otherwise defined, scientific and technical terms
used in connection with the present invention shall have the
meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in
the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular
terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the
singular.
[0044] In this application, the use of "or" means "and/or" unless
stated otherwise. In the context of a multiple dependent claim, the
use of "or" refers back to more than one preceding independent or
dependent claim in the alternative only. Also, terms such as
"element" or "component" encompass both elements and components
comprising one unit and elements and components that comprise more
than one subunit unless specifically stated otherwise.
[0045] Exemplary techniques used in connection with recombinant
DNA, oligonucleotide synthesis, tissue culture and transformation
(e.g., electroporation, lipofection), enzymatic reactions, and
purification techniques are described, e.g., in Sambrook et al.
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989)), among other
places.
[0046] As utilized in accordance with the present disclosure, the
following terms, unless otherwise indicated, shall be understood to
have the following meanings:
[0047] The terms "nucleic acid molecule" and "polynucleotide" may
be used interchangeably, and refer to a polymer of nucleotides.
Such polymers of nucleotides may contain natural and/or non-natural
nucleotides, and include, but are not limited to, DNA, RNA, and
PNA. "Nucleic acid sequence" refers to the linear sequence of
nucleotides that comprise the nucleic acid molecule or
polynucleotide.
[0048] The terms "polypeptide" and "protein" are used
interchangeably to refer to a polymer of amino acid residues, and
are not limited to a minimum length. Such polymers of amino acid
residues may contain natural or non-natural amino acid residues,
and include, but are not limited to, peptides, oligopeptides,
dimers, trimers, and multimers of amino acid residues. Both
full-length proteins and fragments thereof are encompassed by the
definition. The terms also include post-expression modifications of
the polypeptide, for example, glycosylation, sialylation,
acetylation, phosphorylation, and the like. Furthermore, for
purposes of the present invention, a "polypeptide" refers to a
protein which includes modifications, such as deletions, additions,
and substitutions (generally conservative in nature), to the native
sequence, as long as the protein maintains the desired activity.
These modifications may be deliberate, as through site-directed
mutagenesis, or may be accidental, such as through mutations of
hosts which produce the proteins or errors due to PCR
amplification.
[0049] A "CD80 extracellular domain" or "CD80 ECD" refers to an
extracellular domain polypeptide of CD80, including natural and
engineered variants thereof. Nonlimiting examples of CD80 ECDs
include SEQ ID NOs:--. A "CD80 ECD fusion molecule" refers to a
molecule comprising a CD80 ECD and a fusion partner such as an Fc
domain, albumin, or PEG. The fusion partner may be covalently
attached, for example, to the N- or C-terminal of the CD80 ECD or
at an internal location. Nonlimiting examples of CD80 ECD fusion
molecules include SEQ ID NOs:--
[0050] The terms "programmed cell death protein 1" and "PD-1" refer
to an immunoinhibitory receptor belonging to the CD28 family. PD-1
is expressed predominantly on previously activated T cells in vivo,
and binds to two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. The term "PD-1" as used
herein includes human PD-1 (hPD-1), variants, isoforms, and species
homologs of hPD-1, and analogs having at least one common epitope
with hPD-1. The complete hPD-1 sequence can be found under GenBank
Accession No. U64863. In some embodiments, the PD-1 is a human PD-1
having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: -- (precursor, with
signal sequence) or SEQ ID NO: -- (mature, without signal
sequence).
[0051] The terms "programmed cell death 1 ligand 1" and "PD-L1"
refer to one of two cell surface glycoprotein ligands for PD-1 (the
other being PD-L2) that down regulate T cell activation and
cytokine secretion upon binding to PD-1. The term "PD-L1" as used
herein includes human PD-L1 (hPD-L1), variants, isoforms, and
species homologs of hPD-L1, and analogs having at least one common
epitope with hPD-L1. The complete hPD-L1 sequence can be found
under GenBank.RTM. Accession No. Q9NZQ7. In some embodiments, the
PD-L1 is a human PD-L1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
-- (precursor, with signal sequence) or SEQ ID NO: -- (mature,
without signal sequence).
[0052] The term "immune stimulating agent" as used herein refers to
a molecule that stimulates the immune system by either acting as an
agonist of an immune-stimulatory molecule, including a
co-stimulatory molecule, or acting as an antagonist of an immune
inhibitory molecule, including a co-inhibitory molecule. An immune
stimulating agent may be a biologic, such as an antibody or
antibody fragment, other protein, or vaccine, or may be a small
molecule drug. An "immune stimulatory molecule" includes a receptor
or ligand that acts to enhance, stimulate, induce, or otherwise
"turn-on" an immune response. Immune stimulatory molecules as
defined herein include co-stimulatory molecules. An "immune
inhibitory molecule" includes a receptor or ligand that acts to
reduce, inhibit, suppress, or otherwise "turn-off" an immune
response. Immune inhibitory molecules as defined herein include
co-inhibitory molecules. Such immune stimulatory and immune
inhibitory molecules may be, for example, receptors or ligands
found on immune cells such as a T cells, or found on cells involved
in innate immunity such as NK cells.
[0053] The term "PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor" refers to a moiety that
disrupts the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. In some embodiments, the
inhibitor inhibits the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway by binding to
PD-1 and/or PD-L1. In some embodiments, the inhibitor also binds to
PD-L2. In some embodiments, a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor blocks binding
of PD-1 to PD-L1 and/or PD-L2. Nonlimiting exemplary PD-1/PD-L1
inhibitors include antibodies that bind to PD-1; antibodies that
bind to PD-L1; fusion proteins, such as AMP-224; and peptides, such
as AUR-012.
[0054] The term "antibody that inhibits PD-1" refers to an antibody
that binds to PD-1 or binds to PD-L1 and thereby inhibits PD-1
and/or PD-L1 signaling. In some embodiments, an antibody that
inhibits PD-1 binds to PD-1 and blocks binding of PD-L1 and/or
PD-L2 to PD-1. In some embodiments, an antibody that inhibits PD-1
binds to PD-L1 and blocks binding of PD-1 to PD-L1. An antibody
that inhibits PD-1 that binds to PD-L1 may be referred to as an
anti-PD-L1 antibody. An antibody that inhibits PD-1 that binds to
PD-1 may be referred to as an anti-PD-1 antibody.
[0055] With reference to CD80 ECDs and CD80 ECD fusion molecules,
the term "blocks binding of" a ligand, and grammatical variants
thereof, refers to the ability to inhibit an interaction between
CD80 and a CD80 ligand, such as CD28, CTLA4, or PD-L1. Such
inhibition may occur through any mechanism, including by the CD80
ECDs or CD80 ECD fusion molecules competing for binding with CD80
ligands.
[0056] With reference to anti-PD-1 antibodies and PD-1 fusion
molecules or peptides the term "blocks binding of" a ligand, such
as PD-L1, and grammatical variants thereof, are used to refer to
the ability to inhibit the interaction between PD-1 and a PD-1
ligand, such as PD-L1. Such inhibition may occur through any
mechanism, including direct interference with ligand binding, e.g.,
because of overlapping binding sites on PD-1, and/or conformational
changes in PD-1 induced by the antibody that alter ligand affinity,
etc., or, in the case of a PD-1 fusion molecule or peptide, by
competing for binding with a PD-1 ligand.
[0057] "Affinity" or "binding affinity" refers to the strength of
the sum total of noncovalent interactions between a single binding
site of a molecule (e.g., a polypeptide) and its binding partner
(e.g., a ligand). In some embodiments, "binding affinity" refers to
intrinsic binding affinity, which reflects a 1:1 interaction
between members of a binding pair (e.g., polypeptide and ligand).
The affinity of a molecule X for its partner Y can generally be
represented by the dissociation constant (K.sub.d).
[0058] The term "antibody" as used herein refers to a molecule
comprising at least complementarity-determining region (CDR) 1,
CDR2, and CDR3 of a heavy chain and at least CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3
of a light chain, wherein the molecule is capable of binding to
antigen. The term antibody includes, but is not limited to,
fragments that are capable of binding antigen, such as Fv,
single-chain Fv (scFv), Fab, Fab', and (Fab').sub.2. The term
antibody also includes, but is not limited to, chimeric antibodies,
humanized antibodies, and antibodies of various species such as
mouse, human, cynomolgus monkey, etc.
[0059] In some embodiments, an antibody comprises a heavy chain
variable region and a light chain variable region. In some
embodiments, an antibody comprises at least one heavy chain
comprising a heavy chain variable region and at least a portion of
a heavy chain constant region, and at least one light chain
comprising a light chain variable region and at least a portion of
a light chain constant region. In some embodiments, an antibody
comprises two heavy chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises a
heavy chain variable region and at least a portion of a heavy chain
constant region, and two light chains, wherein each light chain
comprises a light chain variable region and at least a portion of a
light chain constant region. As used herein, a single-chain Fv
(scFv), or any other antibody that comprises, for example, a single
polypeptide chain comprising all six CDRs (three heavy chain CDRs
and three light chain CDRs) is considered to have a heavy chain and
a light chain. In some such embodiments, the heavy chain is the
region of the antibody that comprises the three heavy chain CDRs
and the light chain in the region of the antibody that comprises
the three light chain CDRs.
[0060] The term "heavy chain variable region" refers to a region
comprising heavy chain HVR1, framework (FR) 2, HVR2, FR3, and HVR3.
In some embodiments, a heavy chain variable region also comprises
at least a portion of an FR1 and/or at least a portion of an
FR4.
[0061] The term "heavy chain constant region" refers to a region
comprising at least three heavy chain constant domains, C.sub.H1,
C.sub.H2, and C.sub.H3. Nonlimiting exemplary heavy chain constant
regions include .gamma., .delta., and .alpha.. Nonlimiting
exemplary heavy chain constant regions also include .epsilon. and
.mu.. Each heavy constant region corresponds to an antibody
isotype. For example, an antibody comprising a .gamma. constant
region is an IgG antibody, an antibody comprising a .delta.
constant region is an IgD antibody, and an antibody comprising an a
constant region is an IgA antibody. Further, an antibody comprising
a .mu. constant region is an IgM antibody, and an antibody
comprising an c constant region is an IgE antibody. Certain
isotypes can be further subdivided into subclasses. For example,
IgG antibodies include, but are not limited to, IgG1 (comprising a
.gamma..sub.1 constant region), IgG2 (comprising a .gamma..sub.2
constant region), IgG3 (comprising a .gamma..sub.3 constant
region), and IgG4 (comprising a .gamma..sub.4 constant region)
antibodies; IgA antibodies include, but are not limited to, IgA1
(comprising an al constant region) and IgA2 (comprising an
.alpha..sub.2 constant region) antibodies; and IgM antibodies
include, but are not limited to, IgM1 and IgM2.
[0062] The term "heavy chain" refers to a polypeptide comprising at
least a heavy chain variable region, with or without a leader
sequence. In some embodiments, a heavy chain comprises at least a
portion of a heavy chain constant region. The term "full-length
heavy chain" refers to a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain
variable region and a heavy chain constant region, with or without
a leader sequence.
[0063] The term "light chain variable region" refers to a region
comprising light chain HVR1, framework (FR) 2, HVR2, FR3, and HVR3.
In some embodiments, a light chain variable region also comprises
an FR1 and/or an FR4.
[0064] The term "light chain constant region" refers to a region
comprising a light chain constant domain, C.sub.L. Nonlimiting
exemplary light chain constant regions include .lamda. and
.kappa..
[0065] The term "light chain" refers to a polypeptide comprising at
least a light chain variable region, with or without a leader
sequence. In some embodiments, a light chain comprises at least a
portion of a light chain constant region. The term "full-length
light chain" refers to a polypeptide comprising a light chain
variable region and a light chain constant region, with or without
a leader sequence.
[0066] The term "hypervariable region" or "HVR" refers to each of
the regions of an antibody variable domain which are hypervariable
in sequence and/or form structurally defined loops ("hypervariable
loops"). Generally, native four-chain antibodies comprise six HVRs;
three in the V.sub.H (H1, H2, H3), and three in the V.sub.L (L1,
L2, L3). HVRs generally comprise amino acid residues from the
hypervariable loops and/or from the "complementarity determining
regions" ("CDRs"), the latter being of highest sequence variability
and/or involved in antigen recognition. Exemplary hypervariable
loops occur at amino acid residues 26-32 (L1), 50-52 (L2), 91-96
(L3), 26-32 (H1), 53-55 (H2), and 96-101 (H3). (Chothia and Lesk,
J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 (1987).) Exemplary CDRs (CDR-L1, CDR-L2,
CDR-L3, CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3) occur at amino acid residues
24-34 of L1, 50-56 of L2, 89-97 of L3, 31-35B of H1, 50-65 of H2,
and 95-102 of H3. (Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of
Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991)). The terms
hypervariable regions (HVRs) and complementarity determining
regions (CDRs) both refer to portions of the variable region that
form the antigen binding regions.
[0067] A "chimeric antibody" as used herein refers to an antibody
comprising at least one variable region from a first species (such
as mouse, rat, cynomolgus monkey, etc.) and at least one constant
region from a second species (such as human, cynomolgus monkey,
etc.). In some embodiments, a chimeric antibody comprises at least
one mouse variable region and at least one human constant region.
In some embodiments, a chimeric antibody comprises at least one
cynomolgus variable region and at least one human constant region.
In some embodiments, a chimeric antibody comprises at least one rat
variable region and at least one mouse constant region. In some
embodiments, all of the variable regions of a chimeric antibody are
from a first species and all of the constant regions of the
chimeric antibody are from a second species.
[0068] A "humanized antibody" as used herein refers to an antibody
in which at least one amino acid in a framework region of a
non-human variable region has been replaced with the corresponding
amino acid from a human variable region. In some embodiments, a
humanized antibody comprises at least one human constant region or
fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a humanized antibody is a
Fab, an scFv, a (Fab').sub.2, etc.
[0069] A "human antibody" as used herein refers to antibodies
produced in humans, antibodies produced in non-human animals that
comprise human immunoglobulin genes, such as XenoMouse.RTM., and
antibodies selected using in vitro methods, such as phage display,
wherein the antibody repertoire is based on a human immunoglobulin
sequences.
[0070] The term "leader sequence" refers to a sequence of amino
acid residues located at the N terminus of a polypeptide that
facilitates secretion of a polypeptide from a mammalian cell. A
leader sequence may be cleaved upon export of the polypeptide from
the mammalian cell, forming a mature protein. Leader sequences may
be natural or synthetic, and they may be heterologous or homologous
to the protein to which they are attached. Nonlimiting exemplary
leader sequences also include leader sequences from heterologous
proteins. In some embodiments, an antibody lacks a leader sequence.
In some embodiments, an antibody comprises at least one leader
sequence, which may be selected from native antibody leader
sequences and heterologous leader sequences.
[0071] The term "isolated" as used herein refers to a molecule that
has been separated from at least some of the components with which
it is typically found in nature. For example, a polypeptide is
referred to as "isolated" when it is separated from at least some
of the components of the cell in which it was produced. Where a
polypeptide is secreted by a cell after expression, physically
separating the supernatant containing the polypeptide from the cell
that produced it is considered to be "isolating" the polypeptide.
Similarly, a polynucleotide is referred to as "isolated" when it is
not part of the larger polynucleotide (such as, for example,
genomic DNA or mitochondrial DNA, in the case of a DNA
polynucleotide) in which it is typically found in nature, or is
separated from at least some of the components of the cell in which
it was produced, e.g., in the case of an RNA polynucleotide. Thus,
a DNA polynucleotide that is contained in a vector inside a host
cell may be referred to as "isolated" so long as that
polynucleotide is not found in that vector in nature.
[0072] The term "reduce" or "reduces" when applied to a parameter
such as tumor volume means to lower the level of that parameter in
an observable, measurable way. In some embodiments, the reduction
may be by at least 10%, such as by at least 20%, at least 30%, at
least 40%, or at least 50%. In some embodiments, the reduction may
be statistically significant compared to an alternative treatment
or control.
[0073] The terms "subject" and "patient" are used interchangeably
herein to refer to a human. In some embodiments, methods of
treating other mammals, including, but not limited to, rodents,
simians, felines, canines, equines, bovines, porcines, ovines,
caprines, mammalian laboratory animals, mammalian farm animals,
mammalian sport animals, and mammalian pets, are also provided.
[0074] The terms "resistant" or "nonresponsive" when used in the
context of treatment with a therapeutic agent, means that the
subject shows decreased response or lack of response to a standard
dose of the therapeutic agent, relative to the subject's response
to the standard dose of the therapeutic agent in the past, or
relative to the expected response of a similar subject with a
similar disorder to the standard dose of the therapeutic agent.
Thus, in some embodiments, a subject may be resistant to
therapeutic agent although the subject has not previously been
given the therapeutic agent, or the subject may develop resistance
to the therapeutic agent after having responded to the agent on one
or more previous occasions.
[0075] The term "sample," as used herein, refers to a composition
that is obtained or derived from a subject that contains a cellular
and/or other molecular entity that is to be characterized,
quantitated, and/or identified, for example based on physical,
biochemical, chemical and/or physiological characteristics. An
exemplary sample is a tissue sample.
[0076] The term "tissue sample" refers to a collection of similar
cells obtained from a tissue of a subject. The source of the tissue
sample may be solid tissue as from a fresh, frozen and/or preserved
organ or tissue sample or biopsy or aspirate; blood or any blood
constituents; bodily fluids such as cerebral spinal fluid, amniotic
fluid, peritoneal fluid, synovial fluid, or interstitial fluid;
cells from any time in gestation or development of the subject. In
some embodiments, a tissue sample is a synovial biopsy tissue
sample and/or a synovial fluid sample. In some embodiments, a
tissue sample is a synovial fluid sample. The tissue sample may
also be primary or cultured cells or cell lines. Optionally, the
tissue sample is obtained from a disease tissue/organ. The tissue
sample may contain compounds that are not naturally intermixed with
the tissue in nature such as preservatives, anticoagulants,
buffers, fixatives, nutrients, antibiotics, or the like. A "control
sample" or "control tissue", as used herein, refers to a sample,
cell, or tissue obtained from a source known, or believed, not to
be afflicted with the disease for which the subject is being
treated.
[0077] For the purposes herein a "section" of a tissue sample means
a part or piece of a tissue sample, such as a thin slice of tissue
or cells cut from a solid tissue sample.
[0078] The term "cancer" is used herein to refer to a group of
cells that exhibit abnormally high levels of proliferation and
growth. A cancer may be benign (also referred to as a benign
tumor), pre-malignant, or malignant. Cancer cells may be solid
cancer cells (i.e. "solid tumors") or may be leukemic cancer cells.
The term "cancer growth" is used herein to refer to proliferation
or growth by a cell or cells that comprise a cancer that leads to a
corresponding increase in the size or extent of the cancer.
[0079] Examples of cancer include but are not limited to,
carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma, and leukemia. More
particular nonlimiting examples of such cancers include squamous
cell cancer, small-cell lung cancer, pituitary cancer, esophageal
cancer, astrocytoma, soft tissue sarcoma, non-small cell lung
cancer (including squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer),
adenocarcinoma of the lung, squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer
of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastrointestinal cancer,
pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer,
liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon
cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma,
salivary gland carcinoma, kidney cancer, renal cell carcinoma,
liver cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer,
hepatic carcinoma, brain cancer, endometrial cancer, testis cancer,
cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, gastric cancer,
melanoma, and various types of head and neck cancer (including
squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck).
[0080] "Treatment," as used herein, refers to both therapeutic
treatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, wherein the
object is to prevent or slow down (lessen) the targeted pathologic
condition or disorder. In certain embodiments, the term "treatment"
covers any administration or application of a therapeutic for
disease in a mammal, including a human, and includes inhibiting or
slowing the disease or progression of the disease; partially or
fully relieving the disease, for example, by causing regression, or
restoring or repairing a lost, missing, or defective function;
stimulating an inefficient process; or causing the disease plateau
to have reduced severity. The term "treatment" also includes
reducing the severity of any phenotypic characteristic and/or
reducing the incidence, degree, or likelihood of that
characteristic. Those in need of treatment include those already
with the disorder as well as those prone to have the disorder or
those in whom the disorder is to be prevented.
[0081] The term "efficacy" as used herein may be determined from
one or more parameters such as survival or disease-free survival
over a period of time such as 1 year, 5 years, or 10 years, as well
as parameters such as the reduction in growth of one or more tumors
in a subject. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as bioavailability
and underlying parameters such as clearance rate may also impact
efficacy. Thus, an "enhanced efficacy" (i.e. an improvement in
efficacy) may be due to improved pharmacokinetic parameters as well
as improved potency, and may be measured by comparing clearance
rates and tumor growth in test animals or in human subjects, as
well as parameters such as survival, rate of recurrence, or
disease-free survival.
[0082] The term "effective amount" or "therapeutically effective
amount" refers to an amount of a drug effective to treat a disease
or disorder in a subject. In certain embodiments, an effective
amount refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of
time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic or prophylactic
result. A therapeutically effective amount of a CD80 ECD or CD80
ECD fusion molecule may vary according to factors such as the
disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the
ability of the drug to elicit a desired response in the individual.
A therapeutically effective amount encompasses an amount in which
any toxic or detrimental effects of the drug are outweighed by the
therapeutically beneficial effects. In some embodiments, the
expression "effective amount" refers to an amount of the drug that
is effective for treating the cancer.
[0083] Administration "in combination with" one or more further
therapeutic agents, such as an immune stimulating agent, includes
simultaneous (concurrent) and consecutive (sequential)
administration in any order.
[0084] A "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" refers to a
non-toxic solid, semisolid, or liquid filler, diluent,
encapsulating material, formulation auxiliary, or carrier
conventional in the art for use with a therapeutic agent that
together comprise a "pharmaceutical composition" for administration
to a subject. A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is non-toxic to
recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed and is
compatible with other ingredients of the formulation. The
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is appropriate for the
formulation employed. For example, if the therapeutic agent is to
be administered orally, the carrier may be a gel capsule. If the
therapeutic agent is to be administered subcutaneously, the carrier
ideally is not irritable to the skin and does not cause injection
site reaction.
Exemplary CD80 Extracellular Domain and Extracellular Domain Fusion
Molecules
[0085] CD80 ECD and CD80 ECD fusion molecules are provided herein.
CD80 ECDs, for example, may comprise the ECDs of human CD80 isoform
1, isoform 2, and isoform 3 (see SEQ ID NOs: 1-3. In some
embodiments, CD80 ECDs and may comprise the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:5.
[0086] CD80 ECD fusion molecules may comprise fusion partners such
as polymers, polypeptides, lipophilic moieties, and succinyl
groups. Exemplary polypeptide fusion partners include, but are not
limited to, serum albumin and an IgG Fc domain. Further exemplary
polymer fusion partners include, but are not limited to,
polyethylene glycol, including polyethylene glycols having branched
and/or linear chains. The amino acid sequences of certain exemplary
Fc domains are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9-16 herein.
[0087] In certain embodiments, the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion
molecule lacks a signal peptide. In certain embodiments, the CD80
ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule includes at least one signal
peptide, which may be selected from a native CD80 signal peptide
(SEQ ID NO: 7 or amino acids 1-34 of SEQ ID NO:1) and/or a
heterologous signal peptide.
[0088] In the case of a CD80 ECD fusion molecule, the fusion
partner may be linked to either the amino-terminus or the
carboxy-terminus of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the
polypeptide and the fusion partner are covalently linked. If the
fusion partner is also a polypeptide ("the fusion partner
polypeptide"), the polypeptide and the fusion partner polypeptide
may be part of a continuous amino acid sequence. In such cases, the
polypeptide and the fusion partner polypeptide may be translated as
a single polypeptide from a coding sequence that encodes both the
polypeptide and the fusion partner polypeptide. In some such cases,
the two polypeptides are directly linked in sequence such that the
N-terminal of one polypeptide immediately follows the C-terminal of
the other with no intervening amino acids. In other cases, a linker
peptide sequence is inserted in between the two polypeptides, such
as a GS linker sequence. In certain embodiments, a CD80 ECD and the
fusion partner are covalently linked through other means, such as,
for example, a chemical linkage other than a peptide bond. In
certain embodiments, the polypeptide and the fusion partner are
noncovalently linked. In certain such embodiments, they may be
linked, for example, using binding pairs. Exemplary binding pairs
include, but are not limited to, biotin and avidin or streptavidin,
an antibody and its antigen, etc.
[0089] In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion molecule comprises
the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 or 21.
[0090] CD80 ECD fusion molecules may, depending on how they are
produced, have different levels of particular glycosylation
modifications. For example, a CD80 ECD fusion molecule may have
different concentrations of sialic acid residues in relation to the
concentration of the CD80 ECD protein. In some embodiments, a
higher sialic acid content may have a longer clearance time in the
body and thus an increased overall bioavailability. In some
embodiments, the sialic acid content of the CD80 ECD fusion
molecule is from 10 to 60 mol sialic acid (SA) to mol protein. In
some embodiments, the sialic acid content of the CD80 ECD fusion
molecule is from 15 to 60 mol sialic acid (SA) to mol protein. For
example, in some embodiments, the SA content is 10-40 mol SA/mol
protein, such as 15-30 mol SA/mol protein, such as 15-25 mol SA/mol
protein, such as 20-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 20-30 mol SA/mol
protein, such as 30-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 10, 15, 20, 25,
30, 35, or 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the SA
content is at least 15 mol SA/mol protein, such as at least 20 mol
SA/mol protein, at least 25 mol SA/mol protein, at least 30 mol
SA/mol protein, at least 35 mol SA/mol protein, or at least 40 mol
SA/mol protein. In some such embodiments, the fusion partner is an
Fc domain, such as a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 Fc domain.
[0091] In some embodiments, the SA content of the CD80 ECD fusion
molecule is increased or is maintained at a relatively high level
in comparison to current CD80 ECD fusion molecules. In some
embodiments, an increase in SA content, such as by 5, 10, 15, 20,
30, 40 or 50 mol SA to mol of CD80 ECD protein, may lead to an
enhanced efficacy in at least one mouse syngeneic or xenograft
tumor model. For example, in some embodiments, tumor growth in a
mouse tumor model may be further reduced by at least 5%, 10%, 20%,
30%, 40% 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 98% when there is an
increase in SA content, such as by 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 or 50 mol
SA to mol of CD80 ECD protein.
[0092] For example, in some embodiments, a CD80 ECD Fc fusion
molecule, such as a fusion molecule comprising a human IgG1 Fc
domain comprising between 10 and 60 mol SA/mol protein is capable
of at least 80%, such as at least 90%, such as at least 95%, such
as at least 98% tumor cell growth inhibition in at least one mouse
syngeneic or xenograft cancer model over a period of at least ten
days or at least two weeks or at least three weeks, such as ten
days to two weeks or two to three weeks following inoculation with
tumor cells. In some such embodiments, the molecule comprises at
least 15 mol SA/mol protein, such as at least 20 mol SA/mol
protein, or a range from 15-30, 15-25, or 20-30 mol SA/mol
prtotein. In some embodiments, the mouse model is a CT26, MC38, or
B16 mouse tumor model. In some embodiments, the mice are given one
to three doses of the molecule at 0.3 to 3.0 mg/kg, such as at 0.3
to 0.6 mg/kg, for example over a period of one week, once tumors
have reached a minimum volume. In some embodiments, the Fc domain
comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14. In some
embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion molecule comprises the sequence of
SEQ ID NO: 20 or 21.
[0093] In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule reduces
growth of CT26 tumor cells in mice over a period of at least ten
days or at least two weeks or at least three weeks, such as ten
days to two weeks or two to three weeks, after inoculation by a
greater degree than a CD80 ECD Fc fusion protein with the identical
amino acid sequence but a lower level of SA per mol of protein. In
some embodiments, the CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule reduces growth of
CT26 tumors in mice over a period of at least ten days or at least
two weeks, such as over ten days to two weeks or two to three
weeks, after inoculation by a greater degree than an anti-CTLA4
antibody, such as anti-CTLA4 antibody clone 9D9. In some such
embodiments, the CD80 ECD Fc molecule is dosed one to three times
at 0.3 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, or 3.0 mg/kg while the anti-CTLA4 antibody
is dosed the same number of times at 1.5 or 10 mg/kg. In some such
embodiments, the model is a CT26, MC38, or B16 murine tumor
model.
[0094] Example 6 herein, for example, provides data showing that
treatment of a mouse syngeneic tumor model with a CD80 ECD fusion
molecule having 15 or 20 mol SA/mol protein resulted in at least
93% inhibition of tumor growth after one dose of 0.3 mg/kg, whereas
the same treatment with a molecule having only 5 mol SA/mol protein
did not significantly inhibit tumor growth. Similarly, a 0.6 mg/kg
dose of the CD80 ECD fusion molecule having 15 or 20 mol SA/mol
protein resulted in 95% to 98% inhibition of tumor growth, whereas
the same treatment with the molecule with 5 mol SA/mol protein
inhibited tumor growth by only 70%. (See FIG. 6.) The degree of
inhibition was assessed about three weeks following inoculation
with the tumors.
[0095] Further, Example 7 herein shows data on a CD80 ECD Fc fusion
molecule (a mouse surrogate) having 20 mol SA/mol protein in three
different syngeneic mouse tumor models, the CT26, MC38, and B16
models at 0.3 mg/kg (CT26) or 3.0 mg/kg (MC38 and B16) doses
compared to an anti-CTLA4 antibody (clone 9D9) at 1.5 mg/kg and 10
mg/kg doses. Each protein was dosed three times over a 7-day period
a few days after inoculation with tumor cells, as depicted in FIGS.
7-9 (the arrows showing the days of dosing). In each case, the CD80
ECD Fc was superior in tumor growth inhibition to the anti-CTLA4
antibody over the course of the two to three week study. (FIGS.
7-9.) For example, in the CT26 model at day 21 after inoculation
with tumor cells, the CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule showed a 90%
reduction in tumor growth compared to 75% or 53% for the two dose
levels of anti-CTLA4. In the MC38 model at day 19 after
inoculation, the CD80 ECD Fc molecule showed about 80% reduction in
tumor growth inhibition compared to only 21% tumor growth for the
higher dose of anti-CTLA4 and no tumor growth inhibition for the
lower anti-CTLA4 dose. In the B16 model, the CD80 ECD Fc fusion
molecule showed 41% tumor growth inhibition on day 13 after
inoculation while the anti-CTLA4 antibody did not inhibit tumor
growth at either dose level. (See FIGS. 7-9.)
[0096] Based on these studies, a CD80 ECD fusion molecule may be
capable of a certain percentage of tumor growth inhibition over at
least a two week period of time, for example, when about two weeks
after the mice have been inoculated with the tumor cells, and also
following dosing with the fusion molecule, an average tumor growth
inhibition at about the stated percentage is observed in the
treated mice. A CD80 ECD fusion molecule may be capable of a
certain percentage of tumor growth inhibition over a two to three
week period of time, for example, when between two and three weeks
after the mice have been inoculated with the tumor cells, and also
following dosing with the fusion molecule, an average tumor growth
inhibition at about the stated percentage is observed in the
treated mice.
[0097] Examples 6 and 7 also show that many mice from the CT26
model treated with CD80 ECD fusion molecule had a complete tumor
regression over these two to three week time periods. Moreover, a
larger percentage of mice had complete tumor regression with CD80
ECD fusion molecule with higher SA content than with the comparison
treatments and a larger percentage of mice had complete tumor
regression with CD80 ECD fusion molecule than with an anti-CTLA4
antibody. Thus, in some embodiments, treatment CD80 ECD fusion
molecule, such as with 0.3 mg/kg to 0.6 mg/kg CD80 ECD fusion
molecule or with 0.3 mg/kg to 3.0 mg/kg CD80 ECD fusion molecule,
may result in complete tumor regression in mice in a syngeneic or
xenograft model such as CT26, MC38, or B16.
[0098] Exemplary Fc Domain Fusion Partners
[0099] In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion molecule has an Fc
domain as fusion partner. In some embodiments, the Fc domain is
derived from human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4. In some embodiments,
the Fc domain has a wild-type sequence, such as a wild-type human
IgG1 or IgG2 (e.g. IgG2a) sequence. In other embodiments, the Fc
domain is either a natural or engineered variant. In some
embodiments, an Fc domain is chosen that has altered interactions
of the Fc with one or more Fc gamma receptors. In some embodiments,
an Fc domain is chosen that has altered interactions of the Fc with
one or more complement factors. In some embodiments, an Fc domain
is chosen that has altered interactions of the Fc with one or more
Fc gamma receptors and that has altered interactions with one or
more complement factors.
[0100] In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises at least one
point mutation as described in WO 2014/144960. In some embodiments,
the Fc domain is a human Fc domain with a substitution at one or
more of positions E233, L234, L235, P238, D265, N297, A327, P329,
or P331 (wherein the numbering of these positions is according to
the EU index as in Kabat). In some embodiments, the Fc domain is a
human Fc domain with a mutation at L234, L235, and/or P331. In some
embodiments, the Fc domain is a human Fc domain with the
substitutions L234F, L235E, and P331S. (See, e.g., SEQ ID NO:12.)
In some embodiments, the Fc domain has an amino acid substitution
at position N297. (See, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 13.) In some embodiments,
the Fc domain comprises a C237S mutation. (See, e.g., SEQ ID NO:
9.)
[0101] In some embodiments, a mutated Fc fusion partner causes the
CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule to have altered interactions with one
or more Fc gamma receptors compared to those of a CD80 ECD fusion
molecule with the same amino acid sequence except for the Fc domain
mutations. In some embodiment, the Fc has reduced affinity for Fc
gamma receptors such as one or more of FcRN, RI, RIIA, RIIB, and
RIII compared to a wild-type Fc domain. In some embodiments, the Fc
has reduced affinity for all of FcRN, RI, RIIA, RIIB, and RIII
compared to a wild-type Fc domain.
[0102] In some embodiments, a mutated Fc fusion partner causes the
CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule to have altered interactions with at
one or more complement factors such as C1, C2, C3, C4, and their
cleavage products, such as C4a, C4b, C2a, C2b, C3a, and C3b. In
some embodiments, a mutated Fc fusion partner causes the CD80 ECD
Fc fusion molecule to have altered interactions with one or more
complement factors compared to those of a CD80 ECD fusion molecule
with the same amino acid sequence except for the Fc domain
mutations.
[0103] In some embodiments the CD80 ECD and the fusion partner,
such as an Fc fusion partner, are directly linked such that the N-
or C-terminal amino acid of the Fc immediately precedes or follows
the N- or C-terminal amino acid of the CD80 ECD sequence. (See,
e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 20 and 21.) In other embodiments, the CD80 ECD
and fusion partner are joined by a linker molecule, such as by a
linker peptide sequence, such as by a GS linker sequence.
Therapeutic Compositions and Methods
[0104] Methods of Treating Cancer
[0105] In some embodiments, methods for treating cancer are
provided, comprising administering an effective amount of a CD80
ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule.
[0106] In some embodiments, the cancer may be benign (also referred
to as a benign tumor), pre-malignant, or malignant. In some
embodiments, the cancer may comprise solid cancer cells (i.e.
"solid tumors") or alternatively, it may comprise leukemic cancer
cells. In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion
molecule is effective to reduce cancer growth in a human or animal
subject, or in a mouse syngeneic or xenograft model for the cancer
being treated. In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion
molecule is effective to reduce tumor volume, such as in a mouse
syngeneic or xenograft model for the cancer being treated.
[0107] Examples of particular cancers that may be treated include
but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma, and
leukemia. More particular nonlimiting examples of such cancers
include but are not limited to squamous cell cancer, small-cell
lung cancer, pituitary cancer, esophageal cancer, astrocytoma, soft
tissue sarcoma, non-small cell lung cancer (including squamous cell
non-small cell lung cancer), adenocarcinoma of the lung, squamous
carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular
cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma,
cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer,
hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer,
endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney
cancer, renal cell carcinoma, liver cancer, prostate cancer, vulval
cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, brain cancer,
endometrial cancer, testis cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder
carcinoma, gastric cancer, melanoma, and various types of head and
neck cancer (including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and
neck).
[0108] In any of the above method embodiments, the CD80 ECD or CD80
ECD fusion molecule administered to the subject may inhibit tumor
growth in a mouse syngeneic xenograft cancer model over a period of
1 week, 10 days, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks, for example, by at least 10%,
at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least
60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at
least 98%. In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD fusion molecule may
inhibit tumor growth in a CT26 mouse xenograft tumor model by at
least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%,
at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least
95%, or at least 98% at two weeks or at three weeks
post-inoculation. In some such cases, the fusion molecule may be
dosed one to three times at 0.3 to 3 mg/kg, such as at 0.3 to 0.6
mg/kg. In any of the above method embodiments, administration of
the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule administered to the
subject may reduce the volume of at least one tumor in a human or
animal subject by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at
least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%,
at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%, for example, over a
period of one month, two months, three months, six months, or one
year. In some cases, the CD80 ECD Fc fusion molecule may be capable
of resulting in complete tumor regression in a mouse tumor model
such as a CT26 model, for example in a significant portion of
tested mice, such as at least 40%, or at least 50% of mice.
[0109] In any of these methods, the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion
molecule may be a CD80 ECD Fc comprising 10-60 mol SA to mol of
CD80 ECD Fc protein, such as 15-60 mol SA/mol protein. In some
embodiments, the content is 10-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 15-40
mol SA/mol protein, such as 20-40 mol SA/mol protein, 20-30 mol
SA/mol protein, 15-25 mol SA/mol protein, 15-30 mol SA to mol of
protein, or 30-40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the SA
content is at least 15, such as at least 20, at least 25, at least
30, at least 35, or at least 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some
embodiments, the SA content is 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 mol SA/mol
protein. In some embodiments, the Fc domain is a human IgG1, IgG2,
or IgG4 Fc domain. In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises the
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14. In some embodiments, the
fusion molecule comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20
or 21.
[0110] Combination Treatments with Immune Stimulating Agents
Including PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors
[0111] In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion
molecule is administered to treat one of the above cancers in
combination with an effective amount of at least one immune
stimulating agent. Immune stimulating agents may include, for
example, a small molecule drug or a biologic. Examples of biologic
immune stimulating agents include, but are not limited to,
antibodies, antibody fragments, fragments of receptor or ligand
polypeptides, for example that block receptor-ligand binding,
vaccines and cytokines.
[0112] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises an agonist of an immune stimulatory molecule,
including a co-stimulatory molecule, while in some embodiments, the
at least one immune stimulating agent comprises an antagonist of an
immune inhibitory molecule, including a co-inhibitory molecule. In
some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating agent
comprises an agonist of an immune-stimulatory molecule, including a
co-stimulatory molecule, found on immune cells, such as T cells. In
some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating agent
comprises an antagonist of an immune inhibitory molecule, including
a co-inhibitory molecule, found on immune cells, such as T cells.
In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating agent
comprises an agonist of an immune stimulatory molecule, including a
co-stimulatory molecule, found on cells involved in innate
immunity, such as NK cells. In some embodiments, the at least one
immune stimulating agent comprises an antagonist of an immune
inhibitory molecule, including a co-inhibitory molecule, found on
cells involved in innate immunity, such as NK cells. In some
embodiments, the combination enhances the antigen-specific T cell
response in the treated subject and/or enhances the innate immunity
response in the subject. In some embodiments, the combination
results in an improved anti-tumor response in an animal cancer
model, such as a syngeneic or xenograft model, compared to
administration of either the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule
or immune stimulating agent alone. In some embodiments, the
combination results in a synergistic response in an animal cancer
model, such as a syngeneic or xenograft model, compared to
administration of either the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule
or immune stimulating agent alone.
[0113] In any of the above combination therapy method embodiments,
the combination of the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule with
the immune stimulating agent, such as a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, that
is administered to the subject may inhibit tumor growth in a mouse
syngeneic or xenograft cancer model over a period of 1 week, 10
days, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks, for example, by at least 10%, at least
20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at
least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least
98%. In any of the above combination therapy method embodiments,
the combination of the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule with
the immune stimulating agent, such as a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, that
is administered to the subject may reduce the volume of at least
one tumor in the subject or in an animal model by at least 10%, at
least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%,
at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95%, for
example, over a period of one month, two months, three months, six
months, or one year.
[0114] In any of the combination therapy methods, the CD80 ECD or
CD80 ECD fusion molecule may be a CD80 ECD Fc comprising 10-60 mol
SA to mol of CD80 ECD Fc protein, such as 15-60 mol SA/mol protein.
In some embodiments, the content is 10-40 mol SA/mol protein, such
as 15-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 20-40 mol SA/mol protein,
20-30 mol SA/mol protein, 15-25 mol SA/mol protein, 15-30 mol SA to
mol of protein, or 30-40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments,
the SA content is at least 15, such as at least 20, at least 25, at
least 30, at least 35, or at least 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some
embodiments, the SA content is 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 mol SA/mol
protein. In some embodiments, the Fc domain is a human IgG1, IgG2,
or IgG4 Fc domain. In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises the
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14. In some embodiments, the
fusion molecule comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20
or 21.
[0115] In certain embodiments, an immune stimulating agent targets
a stimulatory or inhibitory molecule that is a member of the
immunoglobulin super family (IgSF). For example, an immune
stimulating agent may be an agent that targets (or binds
specifically to) another member of the B7 family of polypeptides.
An immune stimulating agent may be an agent that targets a member
of the TNF family of membrane bound ligands or a co-stimulatory or
co-inhibitory receptor binding specifically to a member of the TNF
family. Exemplary TNF and TNFR family members that may be targeted
by immune stimulating agents include CD40 and CD40L, OX-40, OX-40L,
GITR, GITRL, CD70, CD27L, CD30, CD30L, 4-1BBL, CD137 (4-1BB),
TRAIL/Apo2-L, TRAILR1/DR4, TRAILR2/DR5, TRAILR3, TRAILR4, OPG,
RANK, RANKL, TWEAKR/Fn14, TWEAK, BAFFR, EDAR, XEDAR, TACI, APRIL,
BCMA, LT.beta.R, LIGHT, DcR3, HVEM, VEGI/TL1A, TRAMP/DR3, EDAR,
EDA1, XEDAR, EDA2, TNFR1, Lymphotoxin .alpha./TNF.beta., TNFR2,
TNF.alpha., LT.beta.R, Lymphotoxin .alpha.1.beta.2, FAS, FASL,
RELT, DR6, TROY and NGFR.
[0116] In some embodiments, an immune stimulating agent may
comprise (i) an antagonist of a protein that inhibits T cell
activation (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitor) such as CTLA4,
LAG-3, TIM3, Galectin 9, CEACAM-1, BTLA, CD69, Galectin-1, TIGIT,
CD113, GPR56, VISTA, B7-H3, B7-H4, 2B4, CD48, GARP, PD1H, LAIR1,
TIM-1, TIM-4, and ILT4 and/or may comprise (ii) an agonist of a
protein that stimulates T cell activation such as B7-2, CD28, 4-1BB
(CD137), 4-1BBL, ICOS, ICOS-L, OX40, OX40L, GITR, GITRL, CD70,
CD27, CD40, CD40L, DR3 and CD28H.
[0117] In some embodiments, an immune stimulating agent may
comprise an agent that inhibits or is an antagonist of a cytokine
that inhibits T cell activation (e.g., IL-6, IL-10, TGF-.beta.,
VEGF, and other immunosuppressive cytokines), and it some
embodiments an immune stimulating agent may comprise an agent that
is an agonist of a cytokine, such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15,
IL-21 and IFN.alpha. (e.g., the cytokine itself) that stimulates T
cell activation. In some embodiments, immune stimulating agents may
comprise an antagonist of a chemokine, such as CXCR2 (e.g.,
MK-7123), CXCR4 (e.g. AMD3100), CCR2, or CCR4 (mogamulizumab).
[0118] In some embodiments, immune stimulating agents may include
antagonists of inhibitory receptors on NK cells or agonists of
activating receptors on NK cells. For example, a CD80 ECD or CD80
ECD fusion molecule can be combined with an antagonist of KIR.
[0119] Immune stimulating agents may also include agents that
inhibit TGF-.beta. signaling, agents that enhance tumor antigen
presentation, e.g., dendritic cell vaccines, GM-CSF secreting
cellular vaccines, CpG oligonucleotides, and imiquimod, or
therapies that enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells (e.g.,
anthracyclines).
[0120] Immune stimulating agents may also include certain vaccines
such as mesothelin-targeting vaccines or attenuated listeria cancer
vaccines, such as CRS-207.
[0121] Immune stimulating agents may also comprise agents that
deplete or block Treg cells, such as agents that specifically bind
to CD25.
[0122] Immune stimulating agents may also comprise agents that
inhibit a metabolic enzyme such as indoleamine dioxigenase (IDO),
dioxigenase, arginase, or nitric oxide synthetase.
[0123] Immune stimulating agents may also comprise agents that
inhibit the formation of adenosine or inhibit the adenosine A2A
receptor.
[0124] Immune stimulating agents may also comprise agents that
reverse/prevent T cell anergy or exhaustion and agents that trigger
an innate immune activation and/or inflammation at a tumor
site.
[0125] In some embodiments, immune stimulating agents may comprise
a CD40 agonist such as a CD40 agonist antibody. The CD80 ECD or
CD80 ECD fusion molecule may also be combined with a combinatorial
approach that targets multiple elements of the immune pathway, such
as one or more of the following: at least one agent that enhances
tumor antigen presentation (e.g., dendritic cell vaccine, GM-CSF
secreting cellular vaccines, CpG oligonucleotides, imiquimod); at
least one agent that inhibits negative immune regulation e.g., by
inhibiting CTLA4 pathway and/or depleting or blocking Treg or other
immune suppressing cells; a therapy that stimulates positive immune
regulation, e.g., with agonists that stimulate the CD-137, OX-40
and/or GITR pathway and/or stimulate T cell effector function; at
least one agent that increases systemically the frequency of
anti-tumor T cells; a therapy that depletes or inhibits Tregs, such
as Tregs in the tumor, e.g., using an antagonist of CD25 (e.g.,
daclizumab) or by ex vivo anti-CD25 bead depletion; at least one
agent that impacts the function of suppressor myeloid cells in the
tumor; a therapy that enhances immunogenicity of tumor cells (e.g.,
anthracyclines); adoptive T cell or NK cell transfer including
genetically modified cells, e.g., cells modified by chimeric
antigen receptors (CAR-T therapy); at least one agent that inhibits
a metabolic enzyme such as indoleamine dioxigenase (IDO),
dioxigenase, arginase or nitric oxide synthetase; at least one
agent that reverses/prevents T cell anergy or exhaustion; a therapy
that triggers an innate immune activation and/or inflammation at a
tumor site; administration of immune stimulatory cytokines or
blocking of immuno repressive cytokines.
[0126] For example, a CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule can be
used with one or more agonistic agents that ligate positive
costimulatory receptors; one or more antagonists (blocking agents)
that attenuate signaling through inhibitory receptors, such as
antagonists that overcome distinct immune suppressive pathways
within the tumor microenvironment; one or more agents that increase
systemically the frequency of anti-tumor immune cells, such as T
cells, deplete or inhibit Tregs (e.g., by inhibiting CD25); one or
more agents that inhibit metabolic enzymes such as IDO; one or more
agents that reverse/prevent T cell anergy or exhaustion; and one or
more agents that trigger innate immune activation and/or
inflammation at tumor sites.
[0127] In one embodiment, the at least one immune stimulating agent
comprises a CTLA4 antagonist, such as an antagonistic CTLA4
antibody. Suitable CTLA4 antibodies include, for example, YERVOY
(ipilimumab) or tremelimumab.
[0128] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises a LAG-3 antagonist, such as an antagonistic LAG-3
antibody. Suitable LAG-3 antibodies include, for example,
BMS-986016 (WO10/19570, WO014/08218), or IMP-731 or IMP-321
(WO08/132601, WO09/44273).
[0129] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises a CD137 (4-1BB) agonist, such as an agonistic CD137
antibody. Suitable CD137 antibodies include, for example, urelumab
or PF-05082566 (WO12/32433).
[0130] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises a GITR agonist, such as an agonistic GITR antibody.
Suitable GITR antibodies include, for example, TRX-518
(WO06/105021, WO09/009116), MK-4166 (WO11/028683) or a GITR
antibody disclosed in WO2015/031667.
[0131] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises an OX40 agonist, such as an agonistic OX40
antibody. Suitable OX40 antibodies include, for example, MEDI-6383,
MEDI-6469 or MOXR0916 (RG7888; WO06/029879).
[0132] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises a CD27 agonist, such as an agonistic CD27 antibody.
Suitable CD27 antibodies include, for example, varlilumab
(CDX-1127).
[0133] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises MGA271, which targets B7H3 (WO11/109400).
[0134] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises a KIR antagonist, such as lirilumab.
[0135] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises an IDO antagonist. IDO antagonists include, for
example, INCB-024360 (WO2006/122150, WO07/75598, WO08/36653,
WO08/36642), indoximod, NLG-919 (WO09/73620, WO09/1156652,
WO11/56652, WO12/142237) or F001287.
[0136] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises a Toll-like receptor agonist, e.g., a TLR2/4
agonist (e.g., Bacillus Calmette-Guerin); a TLR7 agonist (e.g.,
Hiltonol or Imiquimod); a TLR7/8 agonist (e.g., Resiquimod); or a
TLR9 agonist (e.g., CpG7909).
[0137] In some embodiments, the at least one immune stimulating
agent comprises a TGF-.beta. inhibitor, e.g., GC1008, LY2157299,
TEW7197 or IMC-TR1.
[0138] In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion
molecule is administered to treat one of the above cancers in
combination with an effective amount of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor.
[0139] Exemplary PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors
[0140] PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors include antibodies, fusion proteins,
and peptides. A nonlimiting exemplary fusion protein that is a
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is AMP-224 (Amplimmune, GlaxoSmithKline). A
nonlimiting exemplary peptide that is a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is
AUR-012. Other exemplary PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors include antibodies
that inhibit PD-1, such as anti-PD-1 antibodies and anti-PD-L1
antibodies. Such antibodies may be humanized antibodies, chimeric
antibodies, mouse antibodies, and human antibodies.
[0141] In some embodiments, the combination results in an improved
anti-tumor response in an animal cancer model, such as a xenograft
model, compared to administration of either the CD80 ECD or CD80
ECD fusion molecule or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone. In some
embodiments, the combination results in a synergistic response in
an animal cancer model, such as a xenograft model, compared to
administration of either the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule
or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone.
[0142] PD-1 is a key immune checkpoint receptor expressed by
activated T and B cells and mediates immunosuppression. PD-1 is a
member of the CD28 family of receptors, which includes CD28, CTLA4,
ICOS, PD-1, and BTLA. Two cell surface glycoprotein ligands for
PD-1 have been identified, Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) and
Programmed Death Ligand-2 (PD-L2). These ligands are expressed on
antigen-presenting cells as well as many human cancers and have
been shown to down regulate T cell activation and cytokine
secretion upon binding to PD-1. Inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1
interaction mediates potent antitumor activity in preclinical
models.
[0143] Human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) that bind specifically
to PD-1 with high affinity have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
8,008,449. Other anti-PD-1 mAbs have been described in, for
example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,808,710, 7,488,802, 8,168,757 and
8,354,509, and PCT Publication No. WO 2012/145493. Each of the
anti-PD-1 HuMAbs disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,008,449: (a) binds to
human PD-1 with a K.sub.D of 1.times.10.sup.-7 M or less, as
determined by surface plasmon resonance using a Biacore biosensor
system; (b) does not substantially bind to human CD28, CTLA-4 or
ICOS; (c) increases T-cell proliferation in a Mixed Lymphocyte
Reaction (MLR) assay; (d) increases interferon-.gamma. production
in an MLR assay; (e) increases IL-2 secretion in an MLR assay; (f)
binds to human PD-1 and cynomolgus monkey PD-1; (g) inhibits the
binding of PD-L1 and/or PD-L2 to PD-1; (h) stimulates
antigen-specific memory responses; (i) stimulates antibody
responses; and/or (j) inhibits tumor cell growth in vivo. Anti-PD-1
antibodies usable in the present invention include antibodies that
bind specifically to human PD-1 and exhibit at least one, at least
two, at least three, at least four or at least five of the
preceding characteristics (a) through (j).
[0144] In one embodiment, the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab.
Nivolumab (also known as "Opdivo.RTM."; formerly designated 5C4,
BMS-936558, MDX-1106, or ONO-4538) is a fully human IgG4 (S228P)
PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody that selectively prevents
interaction with PD-1 ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2), thereby blocking
the down-regulation of antitumor T-cell functions (U.S. Pat. No.
8,008,449; Wang et al., 2014 Cancer Immunol Res. 2(9):846-56).
[0145] In another embodiment, the anti-PD-1 antibody is
pembrolizumab. Pembrolizumab (also known as "Keytruda.RTM.",
lambrolizumab, and MK-3475) is a humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody
directed against human cell surface receptor PD-1 (programmed
death-1 or programmed cell death-1). Pembrolizumab is described,
for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 8,900,587; see also the site with the
address: "www" dot "cancer" dot "gov" slash
"drugdictionary?cdrid=695789" (last accessed: Dec. 14, 2014).
Pembrolizumab has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of
relapsed or refractory melanoma.
[0146] In other embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is MEDI0608
(formerly AMP-514), which is a monoclonal antibody against the PD-1
receptor. MEDI0608 is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No.
8,609,089, B2 or at www "dot" cancer "dot" gov "slash"
drugdictionary?cdrid=756047 (last accessed Dec. 14, 2014).
[0147] In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is Pidilizumab
(CT-011), which is a humanized monoclonal antibody. Pidilizumab is
described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,686,119 B2 or WO 2013/014668 A1.
[0148] Anti-PD-1 antibodies usable in the disclosed methods also
include isolated antibodies that bind specifically to human PD-1
and cross-compete for binding to human PD-1 with nivolumab (see,
e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 8,008,449; WO 2013/173223). The ability of
antibodies to cross-compete for binding to an antigen indicates
that these antibodies bind to the same epitope region of the
antigen and sterically hinder the binding of other cross-competing
antibodies to that particular epitope region. These cross-competing
antibodies are expected to have functional properties very similar
to those of nivolumab by virtue of their binding to the same
epitope region of PD-1. Cross-competing antibodies can be readily
identified based on their ability to cross-compete with nivolumab
in standard PD-1 binding assays such as Biacore analysis, ELISA
assays or flow cytometry (see, e.g., WO 2013/173223).
[0149] In certain embodiments, the antibodies that cross-compete
for binding to human PD-1 with, or bind to the same epitope region
of human PD-1 as, nivolumab are monoclonal antibodies. For
administration to human subjects, these cross-competing antibodies
can be chimeric antibodies, or can be humanized or human
antibodies.
[0150] Anti-PD-1 antibodies usable in the methods of the disclosed
invention also include antigen-binding portions of the above
antibodies. Examples include (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent
fragment consisting of the V.sub.L, V.sub.H, C.sub.L and C.sub.H1
domains; (ii) a F(ab')2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising
two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region;
(iii) a Fd fragment consisting of the V.sub.H and C.sub.H1 domains;
and (iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the V.sub.L and V.sub.H
domains of a single arm of an antibody.
[0151] Administration of CD80 ECDs or CD80 ECD Fusion Proteins in
Combination with Immune Stimulating Agents or PD-1/PD-L1
Inhibitors
[0152] In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion
molecule and the immune stimulating agent or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor
are administered concurrently. In some embodiments, the CD80 ECD or
CD80 ECD fusion molecule and the immune stimulating agent or
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor are administered sequentially. In some
embodiments, at least one, at least two, at least three doses, at
least five doses, or at least ten doses of a CD80 ECD or CD80
fusion molecule is administered prior to administration of an
immune stimulating agent or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. In some
embodiments, at least one, at least two, at least three doses, at
least five doses, or at least ten doses of an immune stimulating
agent or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is administered prior to
administration of a CD80 ECD or CD80 fusion molecule. In some
embodiments, the last dose of immune stimulating agent or
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is administered at least one, two, three,
five, days or ten, or one, two, three, five, twelve, or twenty four
weeks prior to the first dose of CD80 ECD or CD80 fusion molecule.
In some other embodiment, the last dose of CD80 ECD or CD80 fusion
molecule is administered at least one, two, three, five, days or
ten, or one, two, three, five, twelve, or twenty four weeks prior
to the first dose of immune stimulating agent or PD-1/PD-L1
inhibitor. In some embodiments, a subject has received, or is
receiving, immune stimulating agent or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor
therapy, and a CD80 ECD or CD80 fusion molecule is added to the
therapeutic regimen.
[0153] In some embodiments, the subject is an immune stimulating
agent or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor inadequate responder (i.e. shows
resistance to one or more immune stimulating agents or PD-1/PD-L1
inhibitors). A subject who is a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor inadequate
responder, for example, may have previously responded to a
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, but may have become less responsive to the
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, or the subject may have never responded to
the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Inadequate response to an immune
stimulating agent or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor means that aspects of the
condition that would be expected to improve following a standard
dose of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor do not improve, and/or improvement
only occurs if greater than a standard dose is administered. In
some embodiments, an immune stimulating agent or PD-1/PD-L1
inhibitor inadequate responder has experienced, or is experiencing,
an inadequate response to the drug after receiving a standard dose
for at least two weeks, at least three weeks, at least four weeks,
at least six weeks, or at least twelve weeks. A "standard" dose of
an immune stimulating agent or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor may be
determined by a medical professional, and may depend on the
subject's age, weight, healthy history, severity of disease, the
frequency of dosing, etc. In some embodiments, an immune
stimulating agent or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor inadequate responder has
experienced, or is experiencing, an inadequate response to an
anti-PD-1 antibody and/or an anti-PD-L1 antibody. In some
embodiments, a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor inadequate responder has
experienced, or is experiencing, an inadequate response to AMP-224.
In some embodiments, a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor inadequate responder
has experienced, or is experiencing, an inadequate response to a
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor selected from nivolumab, pidilizumab, and
pembrolizumab.
[0154] In any of the above embodiments, the combination of the CD80
ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule with the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor that
is administered to the subject may inhibit tumor growth in a mouse
syngeneic or xenograft cancer model over a period of 1 week, 10
days, or 2 weeks, for example, by at least 10%, at least 20%, at
least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%,
at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%. In any
of the above combination therapy method embodiments, the
combination of the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule with the
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor that is administered to the subject may reduce
the volume of at least one tumor in the subject or in an animal
model subject by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least
40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at
least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%, for example, over a
period of one month, two months, three months, six months, or one
year.
[0155] In any of these combination therapy methods, the CD80 ECD or
CD80 ECD fusion molecule may be a CD80 ECD Fc comprising 10-60 mol
SA to mol of CD80 ECD Fc protein, such as 15-60 mol SA/mol protein.
In some embodiments, the content is 10-40 mol SA/mol protein, such
as 15-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 20-40 mol SA/mol protein,
20-30 mol SA/mol protein, 15-25 mol SA/mol protein, 15-30 mol SA to
mol of protein, or 30-40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments,
the SA content is at least 15, such as at least 20, at least 25, at
least 30, at least 35, or at least 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some
embodiments, the SA content is 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 mol SA/mol
protein. In some embodiments, the Fc domain is a human IgG1, IgG2,
or IgG4 Fc domain. In some embodiments, the Fc domain comprises the
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14. In some embodiments, the
fusion molecule comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20
or 21.
Routes of Administration and Carriers
[0156] In various embodiments, polypeptides and fusion molecules
may be administered in vivo by various routes, including, but not
limited to, oral, intra-arterial, parenteral, intranasal,
intravenous, intramuscular, intracardiac, intraventricular,
intratracheal, buccal, rectal, intraperitoneal, intradermal,
topical, transdermal, and intrathecal, or otherwise by implantation
or inhalation. The subject compositions may be formulated into
preparations in solid, semi-solid, liquid, or gaseous forms;
including, but not limited to, tablets, capsules, powders,
granules, ointments, solutions, suppositories, enemas, injections,
inhalants, and aerosols. A nucleic acid molecule encoding a
polypeptide may be coated onto gold microparticles and delivered
intradermally by a particle bombardment device, or "gene gun," as
described in the literature (see, e.g., Tang et al., Nature
356:152-154 (1992)). The appropriate formulation and route of
administration may be selected according to the intended
application.
[0157] In various embodiments, polypeptide-comprising compositions
are provided in formulations with a wide variety of
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (see, e.g., Gennaro,
Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy with Facts and
Comparisons: Drugfacts Plus, 20.sup.th ed. (2003); Ansel et al.,
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 7.sup.th
ed., Lippencott Williams and Wilkins (2004); Kibbe et al., Handbook
of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 3.sup.rd ed., Pharmaceutical Press
(2000)). Various pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, which
include vehicles, adjuvants, and diluents, are available. Moreover,
various pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances, such as
pH adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity adjusting agents,
stabilizers, wetting agents and the like, are also available.
Non-limiting exemplary carriers include saline, buffered saline,
dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof.
[0158] In various embodiments, compositions comprising polypeptides
and fusion molecules may be formulated for injection, including
subcutaneous administration, by dissolving, suspending, or
emulsifying them in an aqueous or nonaqueous solvent, such as
vegetable or other oils, synthetic aliphatic acid glycerides,
esters of higher aliphatic acids, or propylene glycol; and if
desired, with conventional additives such as solubilizers, isotonic
agents, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, stabilizers and
preservatives. In various embodiments, the compositions may be
formulated for inhalation, for example, using pressurized
acceptable propellants such as dichlorodifluoromethane, propane,
nitrogen, and the like. The compositions may also be formulated, in
various embodiments, into sustained release microcapsules, such as
with biodegradable or non-biodegradable polymers. A non-limiting
exemplary biodegradable formulation includes poly lactic
acid-glycolic acid polymer. A non-limiting exemplary
non-biodegradable formulation includes a polyglycerin fatty acid
ester. Certain methods of making such formulations are described,
for example, in EP 1 125 584 A1.
[0159] Pharmaceutical packs and kits comprising one or more
containers, each containing one or more doses of a polypeptide or
combination of polypeptides are also provided. In some embodiments,
a unit dosage is provided wherein the unit dosage contains a
predetermined amount of a composition comprising a polypeptide or
combination of polypeptides, with or without one or more additional
agents. In some embodiments, such a unit dosage is supplied in a
single-use prefilled syringe for injection. In various embodiments,
the composition contained in the unit dosage may comprise saline,
sucrose, or the like; a buffer, such as phosphate, or the like;
and/or be formulated within a stable and effective pH range.
Alternatively, in some embodiments, the composition may be provided
as a lyophilized powder that may be reconstituted upon addition of
an appropriate liquid, for example, sterile water. In some
embodiments, the composition comprises one or more substances that
inhibit protein aggregation, including, but not limited to, sucrose
and arginine. In some embodiments, a composition of the invention
comprises heparin and/or a proteoglycan.
[0160] Pharmaceutical compositions are administered in an amount
effective for treatment or prophylaxis of the specific indication.
The therapeutically effective amount is typically dependent on the
weight of the subject being treated, his or her physical or health
condition, the extensiveness of the condition to be treated, or the
age of the subject being treated. In some embodiments, a PD-1/PD-L1
inhibitor, such as an antibody or fusion protein, is administered
with the CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule at a dose of 1 to 4
mg/kg. In some embodiments, a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is administered
at a dose of 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg/kg.
[0161] Determination of the frequency of administration may be made
by persons skilled in the art, such as an attending physician based
on considerations of the condition being treated, age of the
subject being treated, severity of the condition being treated,
general state of health of the subject being treated and the like.
In some embodiments, an effective dose of a CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD
fusion molecule is administered to a subject one or more times. In
various embodiments, an effective dose is administered to the
subject once a month, less than once a month, such as, for example,
every two months or every three months. In other embodiments, an
effective dose is administered more than once a month, such as, for
example, every three weeks, every two weeks or every week. In some
embodiments, an effective dose is administered once per 1, 2, 3, 4,
or 5 weeks. In some embodiments, an effective dose is administered
twice or three times per week. An effective dose is administered to
the subject at least once. In some embodiments, the effective dose
may be administered multiple times, including for periods of at
least a month, at least six months, or at least a year.
Additional Combination Therapies
[0162] CD80 ECDs or CD80 ECD fusion molecules may be administered
alone, with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and/or with other modes of
treatment. CD80 ECDs or CD80 ECD fusion molecules may be provided
before, substantially contemporaneous with, or after other modes of
treatment, for example, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy,
or the administration of another biologic. In some embodiments, the
cancer has recurred or progressed following a therapy selected from
surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, or a combination
thereof.
[0163] For treatment of cancer, CD80 ECDs or CD80 ECD fusion
molecules may be administered in conjunction with one or more
additional anti-cancer agents, such as the chemotherapeutic agent,
growth inhibitory agent, anti-angiogenesis agent and/or
anti-neoplastic composition. Nonlimiting examples of
chemotherapeutic agent, growth inhibitory agent, anti-angiogenesis
agent, anti-cancer agent and anti-neoplastic composition that can
be used in combination with the antibodies of the present invention
are provided in the following definitions.
[0164] In any of the above combination therapy method embodiments,
the therapy administered to the subject may inhibit tumor growth in
a mouse syngeneic or xenograft cancer model over a period of 1
week, 10 days, or 2 weeks, for example, by at least 10%, at least
20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at
least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95%. In any of
the above combination therapy method embodiments, the therapy
administered to the subject may reduce the volume of at least one
tumor in the subject or in an animal model subject by at least
1.sup.0%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%,
at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least
95%, or at least 98%, for example, over a period of one month, two
months, three months, six months, or one year.
[0165] In any of these further combination therapy methods, the
CD80 ECD or CD80 ECD fusion molecule may be a CD80 ECD Fc
comprising 10-60 mol SA to mol of CD80 ECD Fc protein, such as
15-60 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the content is 10-40
mol SA/mol protein, such as 15-40 mol SA/mol protein, such as 20-40
mol SA/mol protein, 20-30 mol SA/mol protein, 15-25 mol SA/mol
protein, 15-30 mol SA to mol of protein, or 30-40 mol SA/mol
protein. In some embodiments, the SA content is at least 15, such
as at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, or at least
40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the SA content is 15,
20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 mol SA/mol protein. In some embodiments, the
Fc domain is a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 Fc domain. In some
embodiments the Fc domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ
ID NO:14. In some embodiments, the fusion molecule comprises the
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20 or 21.
[0166] A "chemotherapeutic agent" is a chemical compound useful in
the treatment of cancer. Examples of chemotherapeutic agents
include, but are not limited to, alkylating agents such as thiotepa
and Cytoxan.RTM. cyclosphosphamide; alkyl sulfonates such as
busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa,
carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and
methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine,
trietylenephosphoramide, triethiylenethiophosphoramide and
trimethylolomelamine; acetogenins (especially bullatacin and
bullatacinone); a camptothecin (including the synthetic analogue
topotecan); bryostatin; callystatin; CC-1065 (including its
adozelesin, carzelesin and bizelesin synthetic analogues);
cryptophycins (particularly cryptophycin 1 and cryptophycin 8);
dolastatin; duocarmycin (including the synthetic analogues, KW-2189
and CB1-TM1); eleutherobin; pancratistatin; a sarcodictyin;
spongistatin; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil,
chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide,
mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan,
novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil
mustard; nitrosureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin,
fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, and ranimnustine; antibiotics
such as the enediyne antibiotics (e.g., calicheamicin, especially
calicheamicin gamma1I and calicheamicin omegaI1 (see, e.g., Agnew,
Chem Intl. Ed. Engl., 33: 183-186 (1994)); dynemicin, including
dynemicin A; bisphosphonates, such as clodronate; an esperamicin;
as well as neocarzinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein
enediyne antiobiotic chromophores), aclacinomysins, actinomycin,
authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin,
carminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycinis, dactinomycin,
daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine,
Adriamycin.RTM. doxorubicin (including morpholino-doxorubicin,
cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin and
deoxydoxorubicin), epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin,
marcellomycin, mitomycins such as mitomycin C, mycophenolic acid,
nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin,
quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin,
ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin; anti-metabolites such as
methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); folic acid analogues such
as denopterin, methotrexate, pteropterin, trimetrexate; purine
analogs such as fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine,
thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as ancitabine, azacitidine,
6-azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine,
enocitabine, floxuridine; androgens such as calusterone,
dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane,
testolactone; anti-adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, mitotane,
trilostane; folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid;
aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid;
eniluracil; amsacrine; bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate;
defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; elfornithine; elliptinium
acetate; an epothilone; etoglucid; gallium nitrate; hydroxyurea;
lentinan; lonidainine; maytansinoids such as maytansine and
ansamitocins; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidanmol; nitraerine;
pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; losoxantrone; podophyllinic
acid; 2- ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSKI polysaccharide complex
(JHS Natural Products, Eugene, Oreg.); razoxane; rhizoxin;
sizofiran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone;
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine; trichothecenes (especially T-2
toxin, verracurin A, roridin A and anguidine); urethan; vindesine;
dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman;
gacytosine; arabinoside ("Ara-C"); cyclophosphamide; thiotepa;
taxoids, e.g., Taxol.RTM. paclitaxel (Bristol- Myers Squibb
Oncology, Princeton, N.J.), Abraxane.RTM. Cremophor-free,
albumin-engineered nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel (American
Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumberg, Ill.), and Taxotere.RTM.
doxetaxel (Rhone- Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France); chloranbucil;
Gemzar.RTM. gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine;
methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin and
carboplatin; vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide;
mitoxantrone; vincristine; Navelbine.RTM. vinorelbine; novantrone;
teniposide; edatrexate; daunomycin; aminopterin; xeloda;
ibandronate; irinotecan (Camptosar, CPT-11) (including the
treatment regimen of irinotecan with 5-FU and leucovorin);
topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difluorometlhylornithine (DMFO);
retinoids such as retinoic acid; capecitabine; combretastatin;
leucovorin (LV); oxaliplatin, including the oxaliplatin treatment
regimen (FOLFOX); inhibitors of PKC-alpha, Raf, H-Ras, EGFR (e.g.,
erlotinib (Tarceva.RTM.)) and VEGF-A that reduce cell proliferation
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any
of the above.
[0167] Further nonlimiting exemplary chemotherapeutic agents
include anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit
hormone action on cancers such as anti-estrogens and selective
estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including, for example,
tamoxifen (including Nolvadex.RTM. tamoxifen), raloxifene,
droloxifene, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY117018,
onapristone, and Fareston.RTM. toremifene; aromatase inhibitors
that inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which regulates estrogen
production in the adrenal glands, such as, for example,
4(5)-imidazoles, aminoglutethimide, Megase.RTM. megestrol acetate,
Aromasin.RTM. exemestane, formestanie, fadrozole, Rivisor.RTM.
vorozole, Femara.RTM. letrozole, and Arimidex.RTM. anastrozole; and
anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide,
leuprolide, and goserelin; as well as troxacitabine (a
1,3-dioxolane nucleoside cytosine analog); antisense
oligonucleotides, particularly those which inhibit expression of
genes in signaling pathways implicated in abherant cell
proliferation, such as, for example, PKC-alpha, Ralf and H-Ras;
ribozymes such as a VEGF expression inhibitor (e.g., Angiozyme.RTM.
ribozyme) and a HER2 expression inhibitor; vaccines such as gene
therapy vaccines, for example, Allovectin.RTM. vaccine,
Leuvectin.RTM. vaccine, and Vaxid.RTM. vaccine; Proleukin.RTM.
rIL-2; Lurtotecan.RTM. topoisomerase 1 inhibitor; Abarelix.RTM.
rmRH; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives
of any of the above.
[0168] An "anti-angiogenesis agent" or "angiogenesis inhibitor"
refers to a small molecular weight substance, a polynucleotide
(including, e.g., an inhibitory RNA (RNAi or siRNA)), a
polypeptide, an isolated protein, a recombinant protein, an
antibody, or conjugates or fusion proteins thereof, that inhibits
angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, or undesirable vascular permeability,
either directly or indirectly. It should be understood that the
anti-angiogenesis agent includes those agents that bind and block
the angiogenic activity of the angiogenic factor or its receptor.
For example, an anti-angiogenesis agent is an antibody or other
antagonist to an angiogenic agent, e.g., antibodies to VEGF-A
(e.g., bevacizumab (Avastin.RTM.)) or to the VEGF-A receptor (e.g.,
KDR receptor or Flt-1 receptor), anti-PDGFR inhibitors such as
Gleevec.RTM. (Imatinib Mesylate), small molecules that block VEGF
receptor signaling (e.g., PTK787/ZK2284, SU6668,
Sutent.RTM./SU11248 (sunitinib malate), AMG706, or those described
in, e.g., international patent application WO 2004/113304).
Anti-angiogensis agents also include native angiogenesis
inhibitors, e.g., angiostatin, endostatin, etc. See, e.g.,
Klagsbrun and D'Amore (1991) Annu. Rev. Physiol. 53:217-39; Streit
and Detmar (2003) Oncogene 22:3172-3179 (e.g., Table 3 listing
anti-angiogenic therapy in malignant melanoma); Ferrara &
Alitalo (1999) Nature Medicine 5(12):1359-1364; Tonini et al.
(2003) Oncogene 22:6549-6556 (e.g., Table 2 listing known
anti-angiogenic factors); and, Sato (2003) Int. J. Clin. Oncol.
8:200-206 (e.g., Table 1 listing anti-angiogenic agents used in
clinical trials).
[0169] A "growth inhibitory agent" as used herein refers to a
compound or composition that inhibits growth of a cell (such as a
cell expressing VEGF) either in vitro or in vivo. Thus, the growth
inhibitory agent may be one that significantly reduces the
percentage of cells (such as a cell expressing VEGF) in S phase.
Examples of growth inhibitory agents include, but are not limited
to, agents that block cell cycle progression (at a place other than
S phase), such as agents that induce G1 arrest and M-phase arrest.
Classical M-phase blockers include the vincas (vincristine and
vinblastine), taxanes, and topoisomerase II inhibitors such as
doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, etoposide, and bleomycin.
Those agents that arrest G1 also spill over into S-phase arrest,
for example, DNA alkylating agents such as tamoxifen, prednisone,
dacarbazine, mechlorethamine, cisplatin, methotrexate,
5-fluorouracil, and ara-C. Further information can be found in
Mendelsohn and Israel, eds., The Molecular Basis of Cancer, Chapter
1, entitled "Cell cycle regulation, oncogenes, and antineoplastic
drugs" by Murakami et al. (W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1995),
e.g., p. 13. The taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) are anticancer
drugs both derived from the yew tree. Docetaxel (Taxotere.RTM.,
Rhone-Poulenc Rorer), derived from the European yew, is a
semisynthetic analogue of paclitaxel (Taxol.RTM., Bristol-Myers
Squibb). Paclitaxel and docetaxel promote the assembly of
microtubules from tubulin dimers and stabilize microtubules by
preventing depolymerization, which results in the inhibition of
mitosis in cells.
[0170] The term "anti-neoplastic composition" refers to a
composition useful in treating cancer comprising at least one
active therapeutic agent. Examples of therapeutic agents include,
but are not limited to, e.g., chemotherapeutic agents, growth
inhibitory agents, cytotoxic agents, agents used in radiation
therapy, anti-angiogenesis agents, other cancer immunotherapeutic
agents aside from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, apoptotic agents,
anti-tubulin agents, and other-agents to treat cancer, such as
anti-HER-2 antibodies, anti-CD20 antibodies, an epidermal growth
factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist (e.g., a tyrosine kinase
inhibitor), HER1/EGFR inhibitor (e.g., erlotinib (Tarceva.RTM.),
platelet derived growth factor inhibitors (e.g., Gleevec.RTM.
(Imatinib Mesylate)), a COX-2 inhibitor (e.g., celecoxib),
interferons, CTLA-4 inhibitors (e.g., anti-CTLA antibody ipilimumab
(YERVOY.RTM.)), PD-L2 inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-L2 antibodies),
TIM3 inhibitors (e.g., anti-TIM3 antibodies), cytokines,
antagonists (e.g., neutralizing antibodies) that bind to one or
more of the following targets ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4, PDGFR-beta,
BlyS, APRIL, BCMA, PD-L2, CTLA-4, TIM3, or VEGF receptor(s),
TRAIL/Apo2, and other bioactive and organic chemical agents, etc.
Combinations thereof are also included in the invention.
EXAMPLES
[0171] The examples discussed below are intended to be purely
exemplary of the invention and should not be considered to limit
the invention in any way. The examples are not intended to
represent that the experiments below are all or the only
experiments performed. Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy
with respect to numbers used (for example, amounts, temperature,
etc.) but some experimental errors and deviations should be
accounted for. Unless indicated otherwise, parts are parts by
weight, molecular weight is weight average molecular weight,
temperature is in degrees Centigrade, and pressure is at or near
atmospheric.
Example 1: A CD80 ECD Fc Fusion Molecule Reduces Tumor Growth in
Mice Implanted with Murine Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line CT26
[0172] Seven-week old female BALB/c mice were purchased from
Charles River Laboratories (Hollister, Calif.) and were acclimated
for two weeks before the start of the study. The murine colorectal
carcinoma cell line CT26 was implanted subcutaneously over the
right flank of the mice at 1.0.times.10.sup.6 cells/200
.mu.l/mouse. Prior to inoculation, the cells were cultured for no
more than three passages in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%
heat-inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2 mM L-Glutamine. Cells
were grown at 37.degree. C. in a humidified atmosphere with 5%
CO.sub.2. Upon reaching 80-85% confluence, cells were harvested and
resuspended in a 1:1 mixture of serum-free RPMI 1640 and
Matrigel.RTM. at 5.times.10.sup.6 cells per milliliter.
[0173] Mice were monitored twice-weekly following cell implantation
for tumor growth. For tumor measurements, the length and width of
each tumor was measured using calipers and volume was calculated
according to the formula: Tumor volume (mm.sup.3)=(width
(mm).times.length (mm)) 2/2. On Day 7, all tumors were measured,
and mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups. The mean tumor
volume for all animals enrolled into treatment groups was 175
mm.sup.3. Mice were administered Saline or plasmid DNA via RIPPS .
Plasmid DNA that was administered via RIPPS contained the sequence
for the extracellular domain (ECD) of murine CD80 or CTLA4 as well
as the Fc domain of human IgG2a. Tumors continued to be measured at
least twice per week until tumor volume exceeded 10% of animal
weight, or approximately 2000 mm.sup.3.
[0174] The change in tumor size is shown by graphing mean tumor
volume relative to the day upon which animals were inoculated with
CT26 cells. (FIG. 1a.) RIPPS with mouse CD80 ECD significantly
reduced tumor growth compared to Saline control (p<0.05)
beginning on Day 11. (FIG. 1a-b.) P-values were calculated using
unpaired, two-tailed t-test analyses of the calculated tumor
volumes on each day of the study (*p<0.05, **p<0.01,
***p<0.001). Tumor growth inhibition by CD80 ECD was determined
to be 78.8% compared to saline control, which was calculated as
100.times.(1-(mean change in tumor volume for CD80/mean change in
tumor volume for saline)). As also shown in FIG. 1a, RIPPS with
mouse CTLA4-ECD Fc actually enhanced tumor growth compared to the
saline control. One explanation for this result is that the
CTLA4-ECD Fc construct might have acted as a ligand trap for CD80,
preventing CD80 from binding to CD28 and stimulating T cell
activity against tumor cells.
Example 2: A CD80 ECD Fc Fusion Molecule in Combination with an
Anti-PD-1 Antibody Reduces Tumor Growth in Mice Implanted with
Murine Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line CT26
[0175] Seven-week old female BALB/c mice were purchased from
Charles River Laboratories (Hollister, Calif.) and were acclimated
for 12 days before the start of the study. The murine colorectal
carcinoma cell line CT26 was implanted subcutaneously over the
right flank of the mice at 1.0.times.10.sup.6 cells/200
.mu.l/mouse. Prior to inoculation, the cells were cultured for no
more than three passages in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%
heat-inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2 mM L-Glutamine. Cells
were grown at 37.degree. C. in a humidified atmosphere with 5%
CO.sub.2. Upon reaching 80-85% confluence, cells were harvested and
resuspended in a 1:1 mixture of serum-free RPMI 1640 and
Matrigel.RTM. at 5.times.10.sup.6 cells per milliliter.
[0176] Mice were monitored twice-weekly following cell implantation
for tumor growth. For tumor measurements, the length and width of
each tumor was measured using calipers and volume was calculated
according to the formula: Tumor volume (mm.sup.3)=(width
(mm).times.length (mm)) 2/2. On Day 7, all tumors were measured,
and mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups. The mean tumor
volume for all animals enrolled into treatment groups was
approximately 150 mm.sup.3. Mice were administered plasmid DNA
coding for mouse CD80 ECD plus Fc from human IgG2a or Fc alone
(negative control) via RIPPS . Protein was administered for
anti-PD1 (Clone RMP1-14) or Rat IgG2a (Clone 2A3, negative
control). Dosing groups were as follows: 1) Fc RIPPS plus Rat
IgG2a, 2) CD80 RIPPS plus Rat IgG2a, 3) Fc RIPPS plus anti-PD1, or
4) CD80 RIPPS plus anti-PD1. Tumors continued to be measured at
least twice per week until tumor volume exceeded 10% of animal
weight, or approximately 2000 mm.sup.3.
[0177] The change in tumor size is shown by graphing mean tumor
weight for all groups at the end of the study. (FIG. 2a.) RIPPS
with mouse CD80 ECD or administration of anti-PD1 reduced tumor
growth compared to control. (FIG. 2a-b.) The combination of CD80
RIPPS and anti-PD1 resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth
compared to either CD80 (p<0.01 beginning after Day 9) or
anti-PD-1 (p<0.01 on Day 14) alone (p<0.05) beginning nine
days after treatment initiation. P-values were calculated using
unpaired, two-tailed t-test analyses of the calculated tumor
volumes on each day of measurement.
[0178] Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) by CD80 ECD and anti-PD1 were
determined to be 28.7% and 41.5%, respectively, compared to
control. TGI by the combination of CD80 ECD and anti-PD1
combination was determined to be 83%. (See FIG. 2b.) TGI was
calculated using the formula 100.times.(1-(Mean .DELTA.volume
Treatment group/Mean .DELTA.volume Saline).
Example 3: Comparison of Activity of CD80 ECD Fc Fusion Molecules
with Wild-Type and Mutant Human IgG1 Fc Fusion Polypeptide
Sequences
[0179] Seven-week old female BALB/c mice were purchased from
Charles River Laboratories (Hollister, Calif.) and were acclimated
for two weeks before the start of the study. The murine colorectal
carcinoma cell line CT26 was implanted subcutaneously over the
right flank of the mice at 1.0.times.10.sup.6 cells/200
.mu.l/mouse. Prior to inoculation, the cells were cultured for no
more than three passages in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%
heat-inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2 mM L-Glutamine. Cells
were grown at 37.degree. C. in a humidified atmosphere with 5%
CO.sub.2. Upon reaching 80-85% confluence, cells were harvested and
resuspended in a 1:1 mixture of serum-free RPMI 1640 and
Matrigel.RTM. at 5.times.10.sup.6 cells per milliliter.
[0180] Mice were monitored twice-weekly following cell implantation
for tumor growth. For tumor measurements, the length and width of
each tumor was measured using calipers and volume was calculated
according to the formula: Tumor volume (mm.sup.3)=(width
(mm).times.length (mm)) 2/2. On Day 5, all tumors were measured,
and mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups. The mean tumor
volume for all animals enrolled into treatment groups was 175
mm.sup.3. Mice were administered Saline or plasmid DNA via RIPPS .
Plasmid DNA that was administered via RIPPS contained the sequence
for the extracellular domain (ECD) of murine CD80 with the Fc
domain of human IgG1. Two clones were administered via RIPPSSM, one
with the wild type human IgG1 Fc (CD80-IgG1 WT) and the other with
this Fc bearing three mutated amino acids (L234F/L235E/P331S) in
order to alter the interaction of Fc with Fc gamma receptors
(CD80-IgG1 MT). Tumors continued to be measured at least twice per
week until tumor volume exceeded 10% of animal weight, or
approximately 2000 mm.sup.3.
[0181] The change in tumor size is shown by graphing mean tumor
volume relative to the day upon which animals were inoculated with
CT26 cells. (FIG. 3a-b.) RIPPS with CD80-IgG1 WT significantly
reduced tumor growth compared to Saline control (p<0.05)
beginning on Day 14. CD80-IgG MT significantly reduced tumor growth
compared to CD80-IgG1 WT (p<0.01) beginning on Day 14. P-values
were calculated using unpaired, two-tailed t-test analyses of the
calculated tumor volumes on each day of the study (*
p<0.0.sup.5, ** p<0.01). Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) by
CD80-IgG1 WT was determined to be 69.4% compared to Saline control,
compared to TGI for CD80-IgG MT, which was calculated as 98%. (See
FIG. 3b.) TGI was determined using the formula 100.times.(1-(Mean
.DELTA.volume Treatment group/Mean .DELTA.volume Saline).
Example 4: Effects of CD80 ECD Fc Fusion Molecules with Wild-Type
and Mutant Human IgG1 Fc Fusion Polypeptide Sequences on
Infiltrating T Cells in CT26 Tumors
[0182] A separate in vivo study was conducted to analyze the
effects of the CD80-IgG1 WT and CD80-IgG1 MT on infiltrating T
cells in CT26 tumors at an early stage of the treatment.
[0183] Seven-week old female BALB/c mice were purchased from
Charles River Laboratories (Hollister, Calif.) and were acclimated
for two weeks before the start of the study. The murine colorectal
carcinoma cell line CT26 was implanted subcutaneously over the
right flank of the mice at 1.0.times.10.sup.6 cells/200
.mu.l/mouse. Prior to inoculation, the cells were cultured for no
more than three passages in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%
heat-inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2 mM L-Glutamine. Cells
were grown at 37.degree. C. in a humidified atmosphere with 5%
CO.sub.2. Upon reaching 80-85% confluence, cells were harvested and
resuspended in a 1:1 mixture of serum-free RPMI 1640 and
Matrigel.RTM. at 5.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL.
[0184] Mice were monitored twice-weekly following cell implantation
for tumor growth. For tumor measurements, the length and width of
each tumor was measured using calipers and volume was calculated
according to the formula: Tumor volume (mm.sup.3)=(width
(mm).times.length (mm)) 2/2. On Day 5, all tumors were measured,
and mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups (n=5 mice per
group). The mean tumor volume for all animals enrolled into
treatment groups was 72 mm.sup.3. Mice were administered saline, a
murine extracellular domain (ECD) of CD80 with a wild type human
IgG1 Fc (CD80-IgG1 WT), or a murine ECD of CD80 with a mutated
human IgG1 Fc (CD80-IgG1 MT, mutated L234F/L235E/P331S) in order to
alter the interaction with Fc gamma receptors. Tumors were measured
on Days 5 and 11.
[0185] On Day 12, mice were euthanized with CO.sub.2 and perfused
with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4. Briefly, the mouse
chest was opened rapidly, and a syringe with 20-gauge needle was
used to infuse 40 mL of PBS into the aorta via an incision in the
left ventricle. Blood and PBS exited through an opening in the
right atrium. The tumors were removed and immersed in 10% neutral
buffered formalin at 4.degree. C. After 2 hours the tissues were
rinsed 3 times in PBS and then transferred in 30% sucrose in PBS
overnight. The next day the tumors were frozen in OCT compound and
stored at -80 C.
[0186] Cryostat sections were cut at 20- m in thickness. Sections
were dried on Superfrost.RTM. Plus slides for 1 to 2 hours.
Specimens were permeabilized with PBS containing 0.3% Triton.RTM.
X-100 and incubated in 5% goat normal serum in PBS 0.3% Triton.RTM.
X-100 (blocking solution) for 1 hour at room temperature to block
nonspecific antibodies binding. To detect T-cells, sections were
incubated with rat-anti-CD4 (GK1.5/eBiosciences) and rabbit
anti-CD3 antibody (SP7/Thermo Scientific) both diluted 1:500 in
blocking solution overnight. Control specimens were incubated in 5%
normal serum instead of primary antibody for the same period. After
rinsing with PBS containing 0.3% Triton.RTM. X-100, specimens were
incubated for 4 hours at room temperature with Alexa.RTM.
594-labeled goat anti-rat and Alexa.RTM. 488-labeled goat
anti-rabbit secondary antibodies diluted 1:400 in PBS (Jackson
ImmunoResearch). Specimens were rinsed with PBS containing 0.3%
Triton.RTM. X-100, fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA), rinsed again
with PBS, and mounted in Vectashield antifade mounting medium with
DAPI (Vector laboratories).
[0187] Specimens were examined with a Zeiss Axiophot.RTM. 2 plus
fluorescence microscope equipped with AxioCam.RTM. HRc camera.
Representative images for each experimental group showing the
amount and distribution of the CD3.sup.+ and CD4.sup.+ cells within
the tumor were collected and are shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
[0188] Treatment with CD80-IgG1 WT or CD80-IgG1 MT increased the
number of intratumoral CD3.sup.+ and CD4+ cells compared to saline
(FIGS. 4a and 4b). While the amount of CD4+ cells was similar
between the CD80-IgG1 WT or CD80-IgG1 MT treated tumors, treatment
with CD80-IgG1 MT led to a greater increase of tumor infiltrating
CD3.sup.+ T cells compared to CD80-IgG1 WT (FIG. 4b). The ratio of
CD3+ to CD4+ cells was increased with the CD80-IgG1 MT compared to
the CD80-IgG1 WT.
Example 5: Cytokine Release Effects of a CD80 ECD Fc Fusion
Molecule
Methods
Protein Treatments
[0189] A human CD80 ECD IgG1 Fc fusion molecule (CD80-Fc) was bound
to magnetic protein-A beads (Life Technologies) in T-cell
proliferation media containing RPMI 1640, 100 IU Penicillin/100
ug/ml Streptomycin, 2 mM L-Glutamine, 100 nM non-essential amino
acids, 55 uM 2-mercaptoethanol and 10% ultra low-IgG fetal bovine
serum. Binding reactions were carried out in 96 well flat-bottom
tissue culture plates at a volume of 100 ul per well with a bead
concentration of 3 million beads per ml. CD80-Fc was bound to the
beads across a series of concentrations: 10, 1, 0.1 ug/ml. An
additional set of binding reactions was also performed with the
addition of 3 ng/ml OKT3-scFv. Proteins were allowed to bind for 1
hour at room temperature on a rocking platform, following which 100
ul of 20 ug/ml (final concentration 10 ug/ml) IgG1 Free-Fc (FPT)
was added to each well and allowed to bind for an additional hour
in order to block any unoccupied Protein-A binding sites on the
beads. The fully loaded and blocked beads were then washed 3 times
with PBS using a magnetic 96-well plate stand in order to remove
unbound proteins. 100 ul of Human Pan T-cells at a concentration of
1.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml was then added to each well of dry,
washed beads. Each condition was tested in triplicate.
Cells
[0190] Human PBMCs were isolated from apheresis-enriched blood
(buffy coats) collected from healthy donors .about.18 hrs prior to
isolation using Ficoll.RTM. (Biochrom) gradient density
centrifugation. Pan T-cells were then isolated from PBMCs using a
Human Pan T-cell isolation kit (Miltenyi). T-cells were seeded at a
density of 1 million cells/ml in T225 tissue culture flasks in
proliferation media (above) supplemented with 8 ng/ml IL-2 and
Human T-cell Activator Dynabeads.RTM. (Life Tech) 1 bead/cell.
Following seeding, cells were fed with fresh IL-2 and continually
kept at a concentration of 0.3 million cells/ml by the addition of
fresh proliferation media every 2 days. Cells were kept in a
37.degree. C. water-jacketed incubator maintained at 5% CO.sub.2.
After 6 days of expansion, the activator-beads were removed using a
magnetic tube stand and the cells were resuspended at a
concentration of 1 million cells/ml in fresh proliferation media
without IL-2. 24 hours later the cells were put into assay with
Protein-A bead immobilized proteins.
Cytokine Measurements
[0191] Soluble Interferon Gamma (IFN-.gamma.) and Tumor Necrosis
Factor Alpha (TNF-.alpha.) levels were measured in the supernatants
using HTRF-ELISA kits (Cisbio) 24 hours after the cells had been
treated with the Protein-A bead immobilized proteins according to
the manufacturer's instructions.
Results
[0192] Bead-immobilized CD80-Fc alone did not cause significant
human T-cell activation, as measured by soluble cytokine production
(FIGS. 5a & c). However, when a small amount of OKT3-scFv was
immobilized along with CD80-Fc, robust CD80-dependent IFN-.gamma.
and TNF-.alpha. release was observed (FIGS. 5b & d). The amount
of OKT3-scFv used here was too low to cause T-cell stimulation on
its own and therefore required the presence of CD80 as a
co-stimulatory protein. These results therefor confirm the CD80-Fc
used in this assay was indeed biologically active.
[0193] While release of IFN-.gamma. and TNF-.alpha. in this assay
showed that the CD80-Fc was biologically active, an excessive
release of cytokines such as IFN-.gamma. and TNF-.alpha. can be
harmful. Thus, to address the potential safety of CD80 ECD Fc
treatment, these results were compared to earlier published results
with TGN1412, a monocolonal anti-CD28 antibody that was shown to be
a T-cell "superagonist" and to release excessive and harmful levels
of cytokines such as IFN-.gamma. and TNF-.alpha. in human
subjects.
[0194] Immobilized TGN1412 alone appears to be significantly more
potent at inducing cytokine release from human T-cells than human
CD80 alone. Findlay et al., J. Immunological Methods 352: 1-12
(2010), reported that 1 ug/well of TGN1412 caused robust TNF.alpha.
release, .about.2000 pg/ml, and Vessillier et al., J. Immunological
Methods 424: 43-52 (2015), reported the same amount of TGN1412
caused robust IFN-.gamma., .about.10000 pg/ml. In our assay, the
same amount of immobilized CD80-Fc did not cause significant
release of either cytokine. These results suggest that CD80-Fc is
at least 1000-fold less potent at inducing cytokine release
compared to TGN1412 and therefore poses a significantly lower risk
of inducing cytokine storm in humans than TGN1412.
Example 6: Effects of a CD80 ECD Fc Fusion Molecule on CT26 Tumors
In Vivo with Fc Domains with Different Sialic Acid (SA) Content
[0195] An in vivo study was conducted in CT26 tumors to analyze the
effects of three different lots of CD80 ECD fused to wild-type
human IgG1 Fc having different sialic acid (SA) contents.
Specifically, lot E of the CD80 ECD Fc contains 20 mol SA/mol
protein, lot D contains 15 mol SA/mol protein, and lot A contains 5
mol SA/mol protein.
[0196] Seven week old female BALB/c mice were purchased from
Charles River Laboratories (Hollister, Calif.) and were acclimated
for one week before the study was initiated. The murine colorectal
carcinoma cell line CT26 was implanted subcutaneously over the
right flank of the mice at 1.0.times.10.sup.6 cells/200
.mu.l/mouse. Prior to inoculation, the cells were cultured for no
more than three passages in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%
heat-inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2 mM L-Glutamine. Cells
were grown at 37.degree. C. in a humidified atmosphere with 5%
CO.sub.2. Upon reaching 80-85% confluence, cells were harvested and
resuspended in a 1:1 mixture of serum-free RPMI 1640 and
Matrigel.RTM. at 5.times.10.sup.6 cells per milliliter.
[0197] Mice were monitored for tumor growth twice weekly following
cell implantation. For tumor measurements, the length and width of
each tumor was measured using calipers and volume was calculated
according to the formula: tumor volume (mm.sup.3)=(width
(mm).times.length (mm)) 2/2. On Day 7, all tumors were measured,
and mice were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups (n=10
mice per experimental group). The mean tumor volume for all animals
enrolled was 94 mm.sup.3. The first group was injected with 200
.mu.l of PBS (control) intravenously (i.v.) into the tail vein. The
second group was injected with CD80 ECD Fc at 20 mol SA/mol protein
(lot E) i.v. dosed at 0.3 mg/kg. The third group was injected with
CD80 ECD Fc at 20 mol SA/mol protein (lot E) i.v. dosed at 0.6
mg/kg. The fourth group was injected with CD80 ECD Fc at 15 mol
SA/mol protein (lot D) i.v. dosed at 0.3 mg/kg. The fifth group was
injected with CD80 ECD Fc at 15 mol SA/mol protein (lot D) i.v.
dosed at 0.6 mg/kg. The sixth group was injected with CD80 ECD Fc
at 5 mol SA/mol protein (lot A) i.v. dosed at 0.3 mg/kg. The
seventh group was injected with CD80 ECD Fc at 5 mol SA/mol protein
(lot A) i.v. dosed at 0.6 mg/kg. Tumors were measured on day 10,
14, 16, 18, 22, 24.
[0198] Treatment with CD80 ECD Fc at 20 mol SA/mol protein (lot E)
dosed at 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg resulted in a 93% and 98% inhibition of
tumor growth compared to the control (P<0.001). Treatment with
CD80 ECD Fc at 15 mol SA/mol protein (lot D) dosed at 0.3 or 0.6
mg/kg resulted in a 93% and 95% inhibition of tumor growth compared
to the control (P<0.001). By comparison, treatment with CD80 ECD
Fc lot A at 0.3 mg/kg (with 5 mol SA/mol protein) did not inhibit
tumor growth compared to the control and when dosed at 0.6 mg/kg it
only induced 70% inhibition (P<0.001) (FIG. 6).
[0199] The incidence of tumor-free mice was analyzed at day 37.
Treatment with CD80 ECD-Fc at 20 mol/mol SA (lot E) dosed at 0.3 or
0.6 mg/kg led to complete tumor regression in 8/10 (80%) or 10/10
(100%) of the mice. Treatment with CD80 ECD-Fc at 15 mol/mol SA
(lot D) dosed at 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg led to complete tumor regression
in 9/10 (90%) of the mice. By comparison, treatment with CD80
ECD-Fc lot A dosed at 0.6 mg/kg induced tumor regression only in
1/10 (10%) of the mice, as shown in the table below.
TABLE-US-00001 Treatment group Tumor free mice at day 37 Saline 0%
(0/10 mice) CD80 ECD-Fc SA 20 mol/mol (lot E) at 0.3 80% (8/10
mice) mg/kg 1 dose CD80 ECD-Fc SA 20 mol/mol (lot E) at 0.6 100%
(10/10 mice) mg/kg 1 dose CD80 ECD-Fc SA 15 mol/mol (lot D) at 0.3
90% (9/10 mice) mg/kg 1 dose CD80 ECD-Fc SA 15 mol/mol (lot D) at
0.6 90% (9/10 mice) mg/kg 1 dose CD80 ECD-Fc SA 5 mol/mol (lot A)
at 0.3 0% (0/10 mice) mg/kg 1 dose CD80 ECD-Fc SA 5 mol/mol (lot A)
at 0.6 10% (1/10 mice) mg/kg 1 dose
Example 7: Effects of a Murine CD80 ECD--Murine Fc Fusion Molecule
on Tumor Growth in Three Different Syngeneic Tumor Models
[0200] In vivo studies were conducted using a mouse surrogate
comprising the extracellular domain (ECD) of murine CD80 linked to
the Fc domain of mouse IgG2a wild type (murine CD80 ECD-Fc). The
effects of murine CD80 ECD-Fc were compared with those of the
anti-CTLA4 antibody clone 9D9 (IgG2b) in three different syngeneic
tumor models: the CT26 colon carcinoma, the MC38 colon carcinoma
and the B16 melanoma models.
[0201] CT26 Tumor Model
[0202] Seven week old female BALB/c mice were purchased from
Charles River Laboratories (Hollister, Calif.) and were acclimated
for one week before the study was initiated. The murine colorectal
carcinoma cell line CT26 was implanted subcutaneously over the
right flank of the mice at 1.0.times.10.sup.6 cells/200
.mu.l/mouse. Prior to inoculation, the cells were cultured for no
more than three passages in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%
heat-inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2 mM L-Glutamine. Cells
were grown at 37.degree. C. in a humidified atmosphere with 5%
CO.sub.2. Upon reaching 80-85% confluence, cells were harvested and
resuspended in a 1:1 mixture of serum-free RPMI 1640 and
matrigel.
[0203] Mice were monitored twice weekly following cell implantation
for tumor growth. For tumor measurements, the length and width of
each tumor was measured using calipers and volume was calculated
according to the formula: tumor volume (mm.sup.3)=(width
(mm).times.length (mm)) 2/2. On Day 7, all tumors were measured,
and mice were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups (n=15
mice per experimental group). The mean tumor volume for all animals
enrolled was 96 mm.sup.3. Mice were dosed 3 times, on day 4, 7 and
11. The first group was injected with mouse IgG2b (mIgG2b) i.p.
dosed at 10 mg/kg (control). The second group was injected with
murine CD80 ECD-Fc 20 mol/mol SA i.v. dosed at 0.3 mg/kg. The third
group was injected with anti-CTLA4 antibody clone 9D9 (IgG2b) i.p.
dosed at 1.5 mg/kg. The fourth group was injected with anti-CTLA4
antibody clone 9D9 (IgG2b) i.p. dosed at 10 mg/kg. Tumors were
measured on day 10, 13, 17, 19, 21, 24.
[0204] At day 21 (when all the controls were still in the study),
treatment with murine CD80 ECD-Fc at 20 mol/mol SA dosed at 0.3
mg/kg resulted in 90% inhibition of tumor growth compared to the
control (P<0.001). Treatment with anti-CTLA4 antibody at 10
mg/kg resulted in 75% inhibition of tumor growth compared to the
control (P<0.001). By comparison, treatment with anti-CTLA4
antibody at 1.5 mg/kg only induced 53% inhibition of tumor growth
(P<0.001) (FIG. 7). At day 21, the impact of treatment with
murine CD80 ECD-Fc at 20 mol/mol SA dosed at 0.3 mg/kg on tumor
growth was significantly greater than anti-CTLA4 antibody dosed at
1.5 mg/kg (P<0.001) or at 10 mg/kg (P=0.009).
[0205] The incidence of tumor-free mice was analyzed at day 37.
Treatment with murine CD80 ECD-Fc at 20 mol/mol SA dosed at 0.3
mg/kg led to complete tumor regression in 7/15 (47%) of the mice.
Treatment with anti-CTLA4 antibody at 10 mg/kg led to complete
tumor regression in 3/15 (20%) of the mice. None of the mice
treated with anti-CTLA4 antibody at 1.5 mg/kg had complete tumor
regression.
[0206] MC38 Tumor Model
[0207] Seven week old female C57Bl/6 mice were purchased from
Charles River Laboratories (Hollister, Calif.) and were acclimated
for one week before the study was initiated. The murine colorectal
carcinoma cell line MC38 was implanted subcutaneously over the
right flank of the mice at 0.5.times.10.sup.6 cells/100
.mu.l/mouse. Prior to inoculation, the cells were cultured for no
more than three passages in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%
heat-inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2 mM L-Glutamine. Cells
were grown at 37.degree. C. in a humidified atmosphere with 5%
CO.sub.2. Upon reaching 80-85% confluence, cells were harvested and
resuspended in a 1:1 mixture of serum-free RPMI 1640 and
matrigel.
[0208] Mice were monitored twice weekly following cell implantation
for tumor growth. For tumor measurements, the length and width of
each tumor was measured using calipers and volume was calculated
according to the formula: tumor volume (mm.sup.3)=(width
(mm).times.length (mm)) 2/2. On Day 7, all tumors were measured,
and mice were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups (n=15
mice per experimental group). The mean tumor volume for all animals
enrolled was 78 mm.sup.3. Mice were dosed 3 times, on day 7, 10 and
14. The first group was injected with mouse IgG2b (mIgG2b) i.p.
dosed at 10 mg/kg (control). The second group was injected with
murine CD80 ECD-Fc 20 mol/mol SA i.v. dosed at 3 mg/kg. The third
group was injected with anti-CTLA4 antibody clone 9D9 (IgG2b) i.p.
dosed at 1.5 mg/kg. The fourth group was injected with anti-CTLA4
antibody clone 9D9 (IgG2b) i.p. dosed at 10 mg/kg. Tumors were
measured on day 11, 14, 17, and 19.
[0209] At day 19 (when all the controls were still in the study),
treatment with murine CD80 ECD-Fc at 20 mol/mol SA dosed at 3 mg/kg
resulted in 79% inhibition of tumor growth compared to the control
(P<0.001). Moreover, murine CD80 ECD-Fc at 20 mol/mol SA had a
greater impact on tumor growth compared to anti-CTLA4 antibody
(P<0.001). Treatment with anti-CTLA4 antibody at 10 mg/kg
reduced tumor growth by 21% compared to the control (P=0.05) while
at 1.5 mg/kg did not significantly affect tumor size (FIG. 8). At
day 21, the impact of treatment with murine CD80 ECD-Fc at 20
mol/mol SA dosed at 3 mg/kg on tumor growth was significantly
greater than anti-CTLA4 antibody dosed at 1.5 mg/kg (P<0.001) or
at 10 mg/kg (P=0.009).
[0210] While a 3 mg/kg dose of CD80 ECD-Fc was used for these
experiments, a 0.3 mg/kg dose of CD80 ECD-Fc also reduced tumor
cell growth in the MC38 tumor model (data not shown).
[0211] B16 Tumor Model
[0212] Seven week old female C57Bl/6 mice were purchased from
Charles River Laboratories (Hollister, Calif.) and were acclimated
for one week before the study was initiated. The murine melanoma
cell line B16-F10 was implanted subcutaneously over the right flank
of the mice at 0.5.times.10.sup.6 cells/100 .mu.l/mouse. Prior to
inoculation, the cells were cultured for no more than three
passages in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 2 mM L-Glutamine. Cells were grown at
37.degree. C. in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO.sub.2. Upon
reaching 80-85% confluence, cells were harvested and resuspended in
a 1:1 mixture of serum-free DMEM and matrigel.
[0213] Mice were monitored twice weekly following cell implantation
for tumor growth. For tumor measurements, the length and width of
each tumor was measured using calipers and volume was calculated
according to the formula: tumor volume (mm.sup.3)=(width
(mm).times.length (mm)) 2/2. On Day 7, all tumors were measured,
and mice were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups (n=15
mice per experimental group). The mean tumor volume for all animals
enrolled was 70 mm.sup.3. Mice were dosed 3 times, on day 3, 6 and
10. The first group was injected with mouse IgG2b (mIgG2b) dosed
i.p. at 10 mg/kg (control). The second group was injected with
murine CD80 ECD-Fc 20 mol/mol SA i.v. dosed at 3 mg/kg. The third
group was injected with anti-CTLA4 antibody clone 9D9 (IgG2b) i.p.
dosed at 1.5 mg/kg. The fourth group was injected with anti-CTLA4
antibody clone 9D9 (IgG2b) i.p. dosed at 10 mg/kg. Tumors were
measured on day 10, 13, 15, 16, 17.
[0214] At day 13 (when all the controls were still in the study)
treatment with murine CD80 ECD-Fc at 20 mol/mol SA dosed at 3 mg/kg
resulted in 41% inhibition of tumor growth compared to the control
(P<0.001). Treatment with anti-CTLA4 antibody at 10 mg/kg or 1.5
mg/kg did not significantly affect tumor growth compared to the
control (FIG. 9).
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE OF SEQUENCES SEQ. ID. NO. Description Sequence
1 Human CD80 MGHTRRQGTSPSKCPYLNFFQLLVLAGLSHFCSGVIHVTKEVKE precursor
VATLSCGHNVSVEELAQTRIYWQKEKKMVLTMMSGDMNIWPEYK (with signal
NRTIFDITNNLSIVILALRPSDEGTYECVVLKYEKDAFKREHLA sequence)
EVTLSVKADEPTPSISDFEIPTSNIRRIICSTSGGFPEPHLSWL amino acid
ENGEELNAINTTVSQDPETELYAVSSKLDFNMTTNHSFMCLIKY sequence
GHLRVNQTENWNTTKQEHFPDNLLPSWAITLISVNGIFVICCLT
YCFAPRCRERRRNERLRRESVRPV 2 Mouse CD80
MACNCQLMQDTPLLKFPCPRLILLFVLLIRLSQVSSDVDEQLSK precursor
SVKDKVLLPCRYNSPHEDESEDRIYWQKHDKVVLSVIAGKLKVW (with signal
PEYKNRTLYDNTTYSLIILGLVLSDRGTYSCVVQKKERGTYEVK sequence)
HLALVKLSIKADFSTPNITESGNPSADTKRITCFASGGFPKPRF amino acid
SWLENGRELPGINTTISQDPESELYTISSQLDFNTTRNHTIKCL sequence
IKYGDAHVSEDFTWEKPPEDPPDSKNTLVLFGAGFGAVITVVVI
VVIIKCFCKHRSCFRRNEASRETNNSLTFGPEEALAEQTVFL 3 Human CD80
VIHVTKEVKEVATLSCGHNVSVEELAQTRIYWQKEKKMVLTMMS Isoform 2
GDMNIWPEYKNRTIFDITNNLSIVILALRPSDEGTYECVVLKYE (without
KDAFKREHLAEVTLSVKADEPTPSISDFEIPTSNIRRIICSTSG signal
GFPEPHLSWLENGEELNAINTTVSQDPETELYAVSSKLDFNMTT sequence)
NHSFMCLIKYGHLRVNQTFNWNTSFAPRCRERRRNERLRRESVR PV 4 Human CD80
VIHVTKEVKEVATLSCGHNVSVEELAQTRIYWQKEKKMVLTMMS Isoform 3
GDMNIWPEYKNRTIFDITNNLSIVILALRPSDEGTYECVVLKYE (without
KDAFKREHLAEVTLSVKGFAPRCRERRRNERLRRESVRPV signal sequence) 5 Human
CD80 VIHVTKEVKEVATLSCGHNVSVEELAQTRIYWQKEKKMVLTMMS ECD sequence
GDMNIWPEYKNRTIFDITNNLSIVILALRPSDEGTYECVVLKYE (without
KDAFKREHLAEVTLSVKADEPTPSISDFEIPTSNIRRIICSTSG signal
GFPEPHLSWLENGEELNAINTTVSQDPETELYAVSSKLDFNMTT sequence)
NHSFMCLIKYGHLRVNQTENWNTTKQEHFPDN 6 Mouse CD80
VDEQLSKSVKDKVLLPCRYNSPHEDESEDRIYWQKHDKVVLSVI ECD sequence
AGKLKVWPEYKNRTLYDNTTYSLIILGLVLSDRGTYSCVVQKKE (without
RGTYEVKHLALVKLSIKADFSTPNITESGNPSADTKRITCFASG signal
GFPKPRFSWLENGRELPGINTTISQDPESELYTISSQLDFNTTR sequence)
NHTIKCLIKYGDAHVSEDFTWEKPPEDPPDSKN 7 Human CD80
MGHTRRQGTSPSKCPYLNFFQLLVLAGLSHFCSG signal sequence 8 Mouse CD80
MACNCQLMQDTPLLKFPCPRLILLFVLLIRLSQVSSD signal sequence 9 Fc C237S
EPKSSDKTHT CPPCPAPELL GGPSVFLFPP KPKDTLMISR TPEVTCVVVD VSHEDPEVKF
NWYVDGVEVH NAKTKPREEQ YNSTYRVVSV LTVLHQDWLN GKEYKCKVSN KALPAPIEKT
ISKAKGQPRE PQVYTLPPSRD ELTKNQVSLT CLVKGFYPSD IAVEWESNGQ PENNYKTTPP
VLDSDGSFFL YSKLTVDKSR WQQGNVFSCS VMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK 10 Fc
ERKCCVECPP CPAPPVAGPS VFLFPPKPKD TLMISRTPEV TCVVVDVSHE DPEVQFNWYV
DGVEVHNAKT KPREEQFNST FRVVSVLTVV HQDWLNGKEY KCKVSNKGLP APIEKTISKT
KGQPREPQVY TLPPSREEMT KNQVSLTCLV KGFYPSDIAV EWESNGQPEN NYKTTPPMLD
SDGSFFLYSK LTVDKSRWQQ GNVFSCSVMH EALHNHYTQK SLSLSPGK 11 Fc
ESKYGPPCPS CPAPEFLGGP SVFLFPPKPK DTLMISRTPE VTCVVVDVSQ EDPEVQFNWY
VDGVEVHNAK TKPREEQFNS TYRVVSVLTV LHQDWLNGKE YKCKVSNKGL PSSIEKTISK
AKGQPREPQV YTLPPSQEEM TKNQVSLTCL VKGFYPSDIA VEWESNGQPE NNYKTTPPVL
DSDGSFFLYS RLTVDKSRWQ EGNVFSCSVM HEALHNHYTQ KSLSLSLGK 12 Human IgG1
EPKSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEFEGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEV Fc L234F,
TCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVV L235E, P331S
SVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQ mutant
VYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNY
KTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVESCSVMHEALHNH YTQKSLSLSPGK 13 Human
IgG1 EPKSSDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEV Fc N297
TCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYGSTYRVV mutant
SVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQ
VYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNY
KTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVESCSVMHEALHNH YTQKSLSLSPGK 14 Fc
human EPKSSDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEV IgG1
TCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVV
SVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQ
VYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNY
KTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVESCSVMHEALHNH YTQKSLSLSPGK 15 Fc
human ELKTPLGDTTHTCPRCPEPKSCDTPPPCPRCPEPKSCDTPPPCP IgG3
RCPEPKSCDTPPPCPRCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRT
PEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVQFKWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTF
RVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKTKGQPR
EPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESSGQPE
NNYNTTPPMLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNIFSCSVMHEAL HNRFTQKSLSLSPGK 16 Fc
human ESKYGPPCPPCPAPEFLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCV IgG4
VVDVSQEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTYRVVSVL
TVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYT
LPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTT
PPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVESCSVMHEALHNHYTQ KSLSLSLGK 17 Mouse
CD80 VDEQLSKSVKDKVLLPCRYNSPHEDESEDRIYWQKHDKVVLSVI ECD mouse Fc
AGKLKVWPEYKNRTLYDNTTYSLIILGLVLSDRGTYSCVVQKKE IgG (Fc
RGTYEVKHLALVKLSIKADFSTPNITESGNPSADTKRITCFASG portion
GFPKPRFSWLENGRELPGINTTISQDPESELYTISSQLDFNTTR underlined)
NHTIKCLIKYGDAHVSEDFTWEKPPEDPPDSKNEPRGPTIKPCP
PCKCPAPNLLGGPSVFIFPPKIKDVLMISLSPIVTCVVVDVSED
DPDVQISWFVNNVEVHTAQTQTHREDYNSTLRVVSALPIQHQDW
MSGKEFKCKVNNKDLPAPIERTISKPKGSVRAPQVYVLPPPEEE
MTKKQVTLTCMVTDFMPEDIYVEWTNNGKTELNYKNTEPVLDSD
GSYFMYSKLRVEKKNWVERNSYSCSVVHEGLHNHHTTKSFSRTP GK 18 Mouse CD80
VDEQLSKSVKDKVLLPCRYNSPHEDESEDRIYWQKHDKVVLSVI ECD Human Fc
AGKLKVWPEYKNRTLYDNTTYSLIILGLVLSDRGTYSCVVQKKE IgG1 WT (Fc
RGTYEVKHLALVKLSIKADFSTPNITESGNPSADTKRITCFASG portion
GFPKPRFSWLENGRELPGINTTISQDPESELYTISSQLDFNTTR underlined)
NHTIKCLIKYGDAHVSEDFTWEKPPEDPPDSKNEPKSSDKTHTC
PPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHED
PEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWL
NGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDEL
TKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDG
SFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPG K 19 Mouse CD80
VDEQLSKSVKDKVLLPCRYNSPHEDESEDRIYWQKHDKVVLSVI ECD Fc IgG1
AGKLKVWPEYKNRTLYDNTTYSLIILGLVLSDRGTYSCVVQKKE MT (234,
RGTYEVKHLALVKLSIKADFSTPNITESGNPSADTKRITCFASG 235, 331)
GFPKPRFSWLENGRELPGINTTISQDPESELYTISSQLDFNTTR (Fc portion
NHTIKCLIKYGDAHVSEDFTWEKPPEDPPDSKNEPKSSDKTHTC underlined;
PPCPAPEFEGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHED mutants
PEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWL shown in
NGKEYKCKVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDEL bold)
TKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDG
SFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPG K 20 Human CD80
VIHVTKEVKEVATLSCGHNVSVEELAQTRIYWQKEKKMVLTMMS ECD Human Fc
GDMNIWPEYKNRTIFDITNNLSIVILALRPSDEGTYECVVLKYE IgG WT (Fc
KDAFKREHLAEVTLSVKADFPTPSISDFEIPTSNIRRIICSTSG portion
GFPEPHLSWLENGEELNAINTTVSQDPETELYAVSSKLDFNMTT underlined)
NHSFMCLIKYGHLRVNQTENWNTTKQEHFPDNEPKSSDKTHTCP
PCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDP
EVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLN
GKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELT
KNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGS
FFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK 21 Human CD80
VIHVTKEVKEVATLSCGHNVSVEELAQTRIYWQKEKKMVLTMMS ECD Human Fc
GDMNIWPEYKNRTIFDITNNLSIVILALRPSDEGTYECVVLKYE IgG L234F,
KDAFKREHLAEVTLSVKADFPTPSISDFEIPTSNIRRIICSTSG L235E, P331S
GFPEPHLSWLENGEELNAINTTVSQDPETELYAVSSKLDFNMTT MT (Fc
NHSFMCLIKYGHLRVNQTENWNTTKQEHFPDNEPKSSDKTHTCP portion
PCPAPEFEGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDP underlined;
EVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLN mutants in
GKEYKCKVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELT bold)
KNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGS
FFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK 22 human PD-1
MQIPQAPWPV VWAVLQLGWR PGWFLDSPDR PWNPPTFSPA precursor LLVVTEGDNA
TFTCSFSNTS ESFVLNWYRM SPSNQTDKLA (with signal AFPEDRSQPG QDCRFRVTQL
PNGRDFHMSV VRARRNDSGT sequence) YLCGAISLAP KAQIKESLRA ELRVTERRAE
VPTAHPSPSP UniProtKB/ RPAGQFQTLV VGVVGGLLGS LVLLVWVLAV ICSRAARGTI
Swiss-Prot: GARRTGQPLK EDPSAVPVFS VDYGELDFQW REKTPEPPVP Q15116.3,
CVPEQTEYAT IVFPSGMGTS SPARRGSADG PRSAQPLRPE 01-OCT-2014 DGHCSWPL 23
human PD-1 PGWFLDSPDR PWNPPTFSPA LLVVTEGDNA TFTCSFSNTS (mature,
ESFVLNWYRM SPSNQTDKLA AFPEDRSQPG QDCRFRVTQL without PNGRDFHMSV
VRARRNDSGT YLCGAISLAP KAQIKESLRA signal ELRVTERRAE VPTAHPSPSP
RPAGQFQTLV VGVVGGLLGS sequence) LVLLVWVLAV ICSRAARGTI GARRTGQPLK
EDPSAVPVFS VDYGELDFQW REKTPEPPVP CVPEQTEYAT IVFPSGMGTS SPARRGSADG
PRSAQPLRPE DGHCSWPL 24 human PD-L1 MRIFAVFIFM TYWHLLNAFT VTVPKDLYVV
EYGSNMTIEC precursor KFPVEKQLDL AALIVYWEME DKNIIQFVHG EEDLKVQHSS
(with signal YRQRARLLKD QLSLGNAALQ ITDVKLQDAG VYRCMISYGG sequence)
ADYKRITVKV NAPYNKINQR ILVVDPVTSE HELTCQAEGY UniProtKB/ PKAEVIWTSS
DHQVLSGKTT TTNSKREEKL FNVTSTLRIN Swiss-Prot: TTTNEIFYCT FRRLDPEENH
TAELVIPELP LAHPPNERTH Q9NZQ7.1, LVILGAILLC LGVALTFIFR LRKGRMMDVK
KCGIQDTNSK 01-OCT-2014 KQSDTHLEET 25 human PD-L1 FT VTVPKDLYVV
EYGSNMTIEC KFPVEKQLDL (mature, AALIVYWEME DKNIIQFVHG EEDLKVQHSS
YRQRARLLKD without QLSLGNAALQ ITDVKLQDAG VYRCMISYGG ADYKRITVKV
signal NAPYNKINQR ILVVDPVTSE HELTCQAEGY PKAEVIWTSS sequence)
DHQVLSGKTT TTNSKREEKL FNVTSTLRIN TTTNEIFYCT FRRLDPEENH TAELVIPELP
LAHPPNERTH LVILGAILLC LGVALTFIFR LRKGRMMDVK KCGIQDTNSK
KQSDTHLEET
[0215] The table below provides a listing of certain sequences
referenced herein.
Sequence CWU 1
1
251288PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(288)Human CD80 precursor
(with signal sequence) 1Met Gly His Thr Arg Arg Gln Gly Thr Ser Pro
Ser Lys Cys Pro Tyr1 5 10 15Leu Asn Phe Phe Gln Leu Leu Val Leu Ala
Gly Leu Ser His Phe Cys 20 25 30Ser Gly Val Ile His Val Thr Lys Glu
Val Lys Glu Val Ala Thr Leu 35 40 45Ser Cys Gly His Asn Val Ser Val
Glu Glu Leu Ala Gln Thr Arg Ile 50 55 60Tyr Trp Gln Lys Glu Lys Lys
Met Val Leu Thr Met Met Ser Gly Asp65 70 75 80Met Asn Ile Trp Pro
Glu Tyr Lys Asn Arg Thr Ile Phe Asp Ile Thr 85 90 95Asn Asn Leu Ser
Ile Val Ile Leu Ala Leu Arg Pro Ser Asp Glu Gly 100 105 110Thr Tyr
Glu Cys Val Val Leu Lys Tyr Glu Lys Asp Ala Phe Lys Arg 115 120
125Glu His Leu Ala Glu Val Thr Leu Ser Val Lys Ala Asp Phe Pro Thr
130 135 140Pro Ser Ile Ser Asp Phe Glu Ile Pro Thr Ser Asn Ile Arg
Arg Ile145 150 155 160Ile Cys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Phe Pro Glu Pro
His Leu Ser Trp Leu 165 170 175Glu Asn Gly Glu Glu Leu Asn Ala Ile
Asn Thr Thr Val Ser Gln Asp 180 185 190Pro Glu Thr Glu Leu Tyr Ala
Val Ser Ser Lys Leu Asp Phe Asn Met 195 200 205Thr Thr Asn His Ser
Phe Met Cys Leu Ile Lys Tyr Gly His Leu Arg 210 215 220Val Asn Gln
Thr Phe Asn Trp Asn Thr Thr Lys Gln Glu His Phe Pro225 230 235
240Asp Asn Leu Leu Pro Ser Trp Ala Ile Thr Leu Ile Ser Val Asn Gly
245 250 255Ile Phe Val Ile Cys Cys Leu Thr Tyr Cys Phe Ala Pro Arg
Cys Arg 260 265 270Glu Arg Arg Arg Asn Glu Arg Leu Arg Arg Glu Ser
Val Arg Pro Val 275 280 2852306PRTMus
musculusMISC_FEATURE(1)..(306)Mouse CD80 precursor (with signal
sequence) 2Met Ala Cys Asn Cys Gln Leu Met Gln Asp Thr Pro Leu Leu
Lys Phe1 5 10 15Pro Cys Pro Arg Leu Ile Leu Leu Phe Val Leu Leu Ile
Arg Leu Ser 20 25 30Gln Val Ser Ser Asp Val Asp Glu Gln Leu Ser Lys
Ser Val Lys Asp 35 40 45Lys Val Leu Leu Pro Cys Arg Tyr Asn Ser Pro
His Glu Asp Glu Ser 50 55 60Glu Asp Arg Ile Tyr Trp Gln Lys His Asp
Lys Val Val Leu Ser Val65 70 75 80Ile Ala Gly Lys Leu Lys Val Trp
Pro Glu Tyr Lys Asn Arg Thr Leu 85 90 95Tyr Asp Asn Thr Thr Tyr Ser
Leu Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu Val Leu Ser 100 105 110Asp Arg Gly Thr Tyr
Ser Cys Val Val Gln Lys Lys Glu Arg Gly Thr 115 120 125Tyr Glu Val
Lys His Leu Ala Leu Val Lys Leu Ser Ile Lys Ala Asp 130 135 140Phe
Ser Thr Pro Asn Ile Thr Glu Ser Gly Asn Pro Ser Ala Asp Thr145 150
155 160Lys Arg Ile Thr Cys Phe Ala Ser Gly Gly Phe Pro Lys Pro Arg
Phe 165 170 175Ser Trp Leu Glu Asn Gly Arg Glu Leu Pro Gly Ile Asn
Thr Thr Ile 180 185 190Ser Gln Asp Pro Glu Ser Glu Leu Tyr Thr Ile
Ser Ser Gln Leu Asp 195 200 205Phe Asn Thr Thr Arg Asn His Thr Ile
Lys Cys Leu Ile Lys Tyr Gly 210 215 220Asp Ala His Val Ser Glu Asp
Phe Thr Trp Glu Lys Pro Pro Glu Asp225 230 235 240Pro Pro Asp Ser
Lys Asn Thr Leu Val Leu Phe Gly Ala Gly Phe Gly 245 250 255Ala Val
Ile Thr Val Val Val Ile Val Val Ile Ile Lys Cys Phe Cys 260 265
270Lys His Arg Ser Cys Phe Arg Arg Asn Glu Ala Ser Arg Glu Thr Asn
275 280 285Asn Ser Leu Thr Phe Gly Pro Glu Glu Ala Leu Ala Glu Gln
Thr Val 290 295 300Phe Leu3053222PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(222)Human CD80 Isoform 2 (without signal
sequence) 3Val Ile His Val Thr Lys Glu Val Lys Glu Val Ala Thr Leu
Ser Cys1 5 10 15Gly His Asn Val Ser Val Glu Glu Leu Ala Gln Thr Arg
Ile Tyr Trp 20 25 30Gln Lys Glu Lys Lys Met Val Leu Thr Met Met Ser
Gly Asp Met Asn 35 40 45Ile Trp Pro Glu Tyr Lys Asn Arg Thr Ile Phe
Asp Ile Thr Asn Asn 50 55 60Leu Ser Ile Val Ile Leu Ala Leu Arg Pro
Ser Asp Glu Gly Thr Tyr65 70 75 80Glu Cys Val Val Leu Lys Tyr Glu
Lys Asp Ala Phe Lys Arg Glu His 85 90 95Leu Ala Glu Val Thr Leu Ser
Val Lys Ala Asp Phe Pro Thr Pro Ser 100 105 110Ile Ser Asp Phe Glu
Ile Pro Thr Ser Asn Ile Arg Arg Ile Ile Cys 115 120 125Ser Thr Ser
Gly Gly Phe Pro Glu Pro His Leu Ser Trp Leu Glu Asn 130 135 140Gly
Glu Glu Leu Asn Ala Ile Asn Thr Thr Val Ser Gln Asp Pro Glu145 150
155 160Thr Glu Leu Tyr Ala Val Ser Ser Lys Leu Asp Phe Asn Met Thr
Thr 165 170 175Asn His Ser Phe Met Cys Leu Ile Lys Tyr Gly His Leu
Arg Val Asn 180 185 190Gln Thr Phe Asn Trp Asn Thr Ser Phe Ala Pro
Arg Cys Arg Glu Arg 195 200 205Arg Arg Asn Glu Arg Leu Arg Arg Glu
Ser Val Arg Pro Val 210 215 2204128PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(128)Human CD80 Isoform 2 (without signal
sequence) 4Val Ile His Val Thr Lys Glu Val Lys Glu Val Ala Thr Leu
Ser Cys1 5 10 15Gly His Asn Val Ser Val Glu Glu Leu Ala Gln Thr Arg
Ile Tyr Trp 20 25 30Gln Lys Glu Lys Lys Met Val Leu Thr Met Met Ser
Gly Asp Met Asn 35 40 45Ile Trp Pro Glu Tyr Lys Asn Arg Thr Ile Phe
Asp Ile Thr Asn Asn 50 55 60Leu Ser Ile Val Ile Leu Ala Leu Arg Pro
Ser Asp Glu Gly Thr Tyr65 70 75 80Glu Cys Val Val Leu Lys Tyr Glu
Lys Asp Ala Phe Lys Arg Glu His 85 90 95Leu Ala Glu Val Thr Leu Ser
Val Lys Gly Phe Ala Pro Arg Cys Arg 100 105 110Glu Arg Arg Arg Asn
Glu Arg Leu Arg Arg Glu Ser Val Arg Pro Val 115 120 1255208PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(208)Human CD80 ECD sequence (without
signal sequence) 5Val Ile His Val Thr Lys Glu Val Lys Glu Val Ala
Thr Leu Ser Cys1 5 10 15Gly His Asn Val Ser Val Glu Glu Leu Ala Gln
Thr Arg Ile Tyr Trp 20 25 30Gln Lys Glu Lys Lys Met Val Leu Thr Met
Met Ser Gly Asp Met Asn 35 40 45Ile Trp Pro Glu Tyr Lys Asn Arg Thr
Ile Phe Asp Ile Thr Asn Asn 50 55 60Leu Ser Ile Val Ile Leu Ala Leu
Arg Pro Ser Asp Glu Gly Thr Tyr65 70 75 80Glu Cys Val Val Leu Lys
Tyr Glu Lys Asp Ala Phe Lys Arg Glu His 85 90 95Leu Ala Glu Val Thr
Leu Ser Val Lys Ala Asp Phe Pro Thr Pro Ser 100 105 110Ile Ser Asp
Phe Glu Ile Pro Thr Ser Asn Ile Arg Arg Ile Ile Cys 115 120 125Ser
Thr Ser Gly Gly Phe Pro Glu Pro His Leu Ser Trp Leu Glu Asn 130 135
140Gly Glu Glu Leu Asn Ala Ile Asn Thr Thr Val Ser Gln Asp Pro
Glu145 150 155 160Thr Glu Leu Tyr Ala Val Ser Ser Lys Leu Asp Phe
Asn Met Thr Thr 165 170 175Asn His Ser Phe Met Cys Leu Ile Lys Tyr
Gly His Leu Arg Val Asn 180 185 190Gln Thr Phe Asn Trp Asn Thr Thr
Lys Gln Glu His Phe Pro Asp Asn 195 200 2056209PRTMus
musculusMISC_FEATURE(1)..(209)Mouse CD80 ECD sequence (without
signal sequence) 6Val Asp Glu Gln Leu Ser Lys Ser Val Lys Asp Lys
Val Leu Leu Pro1 5 10 15Cys Arg Tyr Asn Ser Pro His Glu Asp Glu Ser
Glu Asp Arg Ile Tyr 20 25 30Trp Gln Lys His Asp Lys Val Val Leu Ser
Val Ile Ala Gly Lys Leu 35 40 45Lys Val Trp Pro Glu Tyr Lys Asn Arg
Thr Leu Tyr Asp Asn Thr Thr 50 55 60Tyr Ser Leu Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu
Val Leu Ser Asp Arg Gly Thr Tyr65 70 75 80Ser Cys Val Val Gln Lys
Lys Glu Arg Gly Thr Tyr Glu Val Lys His 85 90 95Leu Ala Leu Val Lys
Leu Ser Ile Lys Ala Asp Phe Ser Thr Pro Asn 100 105 110Ile Thr Glu
Ser Gly Asn Pro Ser Ala Asp Thr Lys Arg Ile Thr Cys 115 120 125Phe
Ala Ser Gly Gly Phe Pro Lys Pro Arg Phe Ser Trp Leu Glu Asn 130 135
140Gly Arg Glu Leu Pro Gly Ile Asn Thr Thr Ile Ser Gln Asp Pro
Glu145 150 155 160Ser Glu Leu Tyr Thr Ile Ser Ser Gln Leu Asp Phe
Asn Thr Thr Arg 165 170 175Asn His Thr Ile Lys Cys Leu Ile Lys Tyr
Gly Asp Ala His Val Ser 180 185 190Glu Asp Phe Thr Trp Glu Lys Pro
Pro Glu Asp Pro Pro Asp Ser Lys 195 200 205Asn734PRTArtificial
SequenceHuman CD80 signal sequence 7Met Gly His Thr Arg Arg Gln Gly
Thr Ser Pro Ser Lys Cys Pro Tyr1 5 10 15Leu Asn Phe Phe Gln Leu Leu
Val Leu Ala Gly Leu Ser His Phe Cys 20 25 30Ser Gly837PRTArtificial
SequenceMouse CD80 signal sequence 8Met Ala Cys Asn Cys Gln Leu Met
Gln Asp Thr Pro Leu Leu Lys Phe1 5 10 15Pro Cys Pro Arg Leu Ile Leu
Leu Phe Val Leu Leu Ile Arg Leu Ser 20 25 30Gln Val Ser Ser Asp
359232PRTArtificial SequenceFc C237S 9Glu Pro Lys Ser Ser Asp Lys
Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala1 5 10 15Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly
Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro 20 25 30Lys Asp Thr Leu Met
Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 35 40 45Val Asp Val Ser
His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val 50 55 60Asp Gly Val
Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln65 70 75 80Tyr
Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln 85 90
95Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala
100 105 110Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
Gln Pro 115 120 125Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg
Asp Glu Leu Thr 130 135 140Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val
Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser145 150 155 160Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu
Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 165 170 175Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro
Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr 180 185 190Ser Lys Leu
Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe 195 200 205Ser
Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys 210 215
220Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys225 23010228PRTArtificial
SequenceFc 10Glu Arg Lys Cys Cys Val Glu Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala
Pro Pro Val1 5 10 15Ala Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro
Lys Asp Thr Leu 20 25 30Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val
Val Val Asp Val Ser 35 40 45His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu 50 55 60Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg
Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser Thr65 70 75 80Phe Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu
Thr Val Val His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn 85 90 95Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys
Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro 100 105 110Ile Glu Lys Thr
Ile Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln 115 120 125Val Tyr
Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val 130 135
140Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala
Val145 150 155 160Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr
Lys Thr Thr Pro 165 170 175Pro Met Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr 180 185 190Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln
Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val 195 200 205Met His Glu Ala Leu His
Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu 210 215 220Ser Pro Gly
Lys22511229PRTArtificial SequenceFc 11Glu Ser Lys Tyr Gly Pro Pro
Cys Pro Ser Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Phe1 5 10 15Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr 20 25 30Leu Met Ile Ser Arg
Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val 35 40 45Ser Gln Glu Asp
Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val 50 55 60Glu Val His
Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser65 70 75 80Thr
Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu 85 90
95Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro Ser
100 105 110Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg
Glu Pro 115 120 125Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Glu Glu Met
Thr Lys Asn Gln 130 135 140Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe
Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala145 150 155 160Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly
Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr 165 170 175Pro Pro Val Leu Asp
Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Arg Leu 180 185 190Thr Val Asp
Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Glu Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser 195 200 205Val
Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser 210 215
220Leu Ser Leu Gly Lys22512232PRTArtificial SequenceHuman IgG1 Fc
L234F, L235E, P331S mutant 12Glu Pro Lys Ser Ser Asp Lys Thr His
Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala1 5 10 15Pro Glu Phe Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser
Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro 20 25 30Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser
Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 35 40 45Val Asp Val Ser His Glu
Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val 50 55 60Asp Gly Val Glu Val
His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln65 70 75 80Tyr Asn Ser
Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln 85 90 95Asp Trp
Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala 100 105
110Leu Pro Ala Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro
115 120 125Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu
Leu Thr 130 135 140Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly
Phe Tyr Pro Ser145 150 155 160Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn
Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 165 170 175Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu
Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr 180 185 190Ser Lys Leu Thr Val
Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe 195 200 205Ser Cys Ser
Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys 210 215 220Ser
Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys225 23013232PRTArtificial SequenceHuman
IgG1 Fc N297 mutant 13Glu Pro Lys Ser Ser Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys
Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala1 5
10 15Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys
Pro 20 25 30Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
Val Val 35 40 45Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn
Trp Tyr Val 50 55 60Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro
Arg Glu Glu Gln65 70 75 80Tyr Gly Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val
Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln 85 90 95Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys
Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala 100 105 110Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys
Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro 115 120 125Arg Glu Pro Gln Val
Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr 130 135 140Lys Asn Gln
Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser145 150 155
160Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr
165 170 175Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
Leu Tyr 180 185 190Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln
Gly Asn Val Phe 195 200 205Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His
Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys 210 215 220Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly
Lys225 23014232PRTArtificial SequenceFc human IgG1 14Glu Pro Lys
Ser Ser Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala1 5 10 15Pro Glu
Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro 20 25 30Lys
Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 35 40
45Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val
50 55 60Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu
Gln65 70 75 80Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val
Leu His Gln 85 90 95Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val
Ser Asn Lys Ala 100 105 110Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser
Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro 115 120 125Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu
Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr 130 135 140Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu
Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser145 150 155 160Asp Ile Ala
Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 165 170 175Lys
Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr 180 185
190Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe
195 200 205Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
Gln Lys 210 215 220Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys225
23015279PRTArtificial SequenceFc human IgG3 15Glu Leu Lys Thr Pro
Leu Gly Asp Thr Thr His Thr Cys Pro Arg Cys1 5 10 15Pro Glu Pro Lys
Ser Cys Asp Thr Pro Pro Pro Cys Pro Arg Cys Pro 20 25 30Glu Pro Lys
Ser Cys Asp Thr Pro Pro Pro Cys Pro Arg Cys Pro Glu 35 40 45Pro Lys
Ser Cys Asp Thr Pro Pro Pro Cys Pro Arg Cys Pro Ala Pro 50 55 60Glu
Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys65 70 75
80Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val
85 90 95Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Lys Trp Tyr Val
Asp 100 105 110Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
Glu Gln Tyr 115 120 125Asn Ser Thr Phe Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr
Val Leu His Gln Asp 130 135 140Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys
Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu145 150 155 160Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys
Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg 165 170 175Glu Pro Gln Val
Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys 180 185 190Asn Gln
Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp 195 200
205Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Ser Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Asn
210 215 220Thr Thr Pro Pro Met Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu
Tyr Ser225 230 235 240Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln
Gly Asn Ile Phe Ser 245 250 255Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His
Asn Arg Phe Thr Gln Lys Ser 260 265 270Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
27516229PRTArtificial SequenceFc human IgG4 16Glu Ser Lys Tyr Gly
Pro Pro Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Phe1 5 10 15Leu Gly Gly Pro
Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr 20 25 30Leu Met Ile
Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val 35 40 45Ser Gln
Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val 50 55 60Glu
Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser65 70 75
80Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu
85 90 95Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro
Ser 100 105 110Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro
Arg Glu Pro 115 120 125Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Glu Glu
Met Thr Lys Asn Gln 130 135 140Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly
Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala145 150 155 160Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn
Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr 165 170 175Pro Pro Val Leu
Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Arg Leu 180 185 190Thr Val
Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Glu Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser 195 200
205Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser
210 215 220Leu Ser Leu Gly Lys22517442PRTMus
musculusMISC_FEATURE(1)..(442)Mouse CD80 ECD mouse Fc IgG2a 17Val
Asp Glu Gln Leu Ser Lys Ser Val Lys Asp Lys Val Leu Leu Pro1 5 10
15Cys Arg Tyr Asn Ser Pro His Glu Asp Glu Ser Glu Asp Arg Ile Tyr
20 25 30Trp Gln Lys His Asp Lys Val Val Leu Ser Val Ile Ala Gly Lys
Leu 35 40 45Lys Val Trp Pro Glu Tyr Lys Asn Arg Thr Leu Tyr Asp Asn
Thr Thr 50 55 60Tyr Ser Leu Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu Val Leu Ser Asp Arg
Gly Thr Tyr65 70 75 80Ser Cys Val Val Gln Lys Lys Glu Arg Gly Thr
Tyr Glu Val Lys His 85 90 95Leu Ala Leu Val Lys Leu Ser Ile Lys Ala
Asp Phe Ser Thr Pro Asn 100 105 110Ile Thr Glu Ser Gly Asn Pro Ser
Ala Asp Thr Lys Arg Ile Thr Cys 115 120 125Phe Ala Ser Gly Gly Phe
Pro Lys Pro Arg Phe Ser Trp Leu Glu Asn 130 135 140Gly Arg Glu Leu
Pro Gly Ile Asn Thr Thr Ile Ser Gln Asp Pro Glu145 150 155 160Ser
Glu Leu Tyr Thr Ile Ser Ser Gln Leu Asp Phe Asn Thr Thr Arg 165 170
175Asn His Thr Ile Lys Cys Leu Ile Lys Tyr Gly Asp Ala His Val Ser
180 185 190Glu Asp Phe Thr Trp Glu Lys Pro Pro Glu Asp Pro Pro Asp
Ser Lys 195 200 205Asn Glu Pro Arg Gly Pro Thr Ile Lys Pro Cys Pro
Pro Cys Lys Cys 210 215 220Pro Ala Pro Asn Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser
Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro225 230 235 240Lys Ile Lys Asp Val Leu Met
Ile Ser Leu Ser Pro Ile Val Thr Cys 245 250 255Val Val Val Asp Val
Ser Glu Asp Asp Pro Asp Val Gln Ile Ser Trp 260 265 270Phe Val Asn
Asn Val Glu Val His Thr Ala Gln Thr Gln Thr His Arg 275 280 285Glu
Asp Tyr Asn Ser Thr Leu Arg Val Val Ser Ala Leu Pro Ile Gln 290 295
300His Gln Asp Trp Met Ser Gly Lys Glu Phe Lys Cys Lys Val Asn
Asn305 310 315 320Lys Asp Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Arg Thr Ile Ser
Lys Pro Lys Gly 325 330 335Ser Val Arg Ala Pro Gln Val Tyr Val Leu
Pro Pro Pro Glu Glu Glu 340 345 350Met Thr Lys Lys Gln Val Thr Leu
Thr Cys Met Val Thr Asp Phe Met 355 360 365Pro Glu Asp Ile Tyr Val
Glu Trp Thr Asn Asn Gly Lys Thr Glu Leu 370 375 380Asn Tyr Lys Asn
Thr Glu Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Tyr Phe385 390 395 400Met
Tyr Ser Lys Leu Arg Val Glu Lys Lys Asn Trp Val Glu Arg Asn 405 410
415Ser Tyr Ser Cys Ser Val Val His Glu Gly Leu His Asn His His Thr
420 425 430Thr Lys Ser Phe Ser Arg Thr Pro Gly Lys 435
44018441PRTMus musculusMISC_FEATURE(1)..(441)Mouse CD80 ECD Human
Fc IgG1 WT 18Val Asp Glu Gln Leu Ser Lys Ser Val Lys Asp Lys Val
Leu Leu Pro1 5 10 15Cys Arg Tyr Asn Ser Pro His Glu Asp Glu Ser Glu
Asp Arg Ile Tyr 20 25 30Trp Gln Lys His Asp Lys Val Val Leu Ser Val
Ile Ala Gly Lys Leu 35 40 45Lys Val Trp Pro Glu Tyr Lys Asn Arg Thr
Leu Tyr Asp Asn Thr Thr 50 55 60Tyr Ser Leu Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu Val
Leu Ser Asp Arg Gly Thr Tyr65 70 75 80Ser Cys Val Val Gln Lys Lys
Glu Arg Gly Thr Tyr Glu Val Lys His 85 90 95Leu Ala Leu Val Lys Leu
Ser Ile Lys Ala Asp Phe Ser Thr Pro Asn 100 105 110Ile Thr Glu Ser
Gly Asn Pro Ser Ala Asp Thr Lys Arg Ile Thr Cys 115 120 125Phe Ala
Ser Gly Gly Phe Pro Lys Pro Arg Phe Ser Trp Leu Glu Asn 130 135
140Gly Arg Glu Leu Pro Gly Ile Asn Thr Thr Ile Ser Gln Asp Pro
Glu145 150 155 160Ser Glu Leu Tyr Thr Ile Ser Ser Gln Leu Asp Phe
Asn Thr Thr Arg 165 170 175Asn His Thr Ile Lys Cys Leu Ile Lys Tyr
Gly Asp Ala His Val Ser 180 185 190Glu Asp Phe Thr Trp Glu Lys Pro
Pro Glu Asp Pro Pro Asp Ser Lys 195 200 205Asn Glu Pro Lys Ser Ser
Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro 210 215 220Ala Pro Glu Leu
Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys225 230 235 240Pro
Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val 245 250
255Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr
260 265 270Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg
Glu Glu 275 280 285Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu
Thr Val Leu His 290 295 300Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys
Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys305 310 315 320Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu
Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln 325 330 335Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln
Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu 340 345 350Thr Lys Asn
Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro 355 360 365Ser
Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn 370 375
380Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
Leu385 390 395 400Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln
Gln Gly Asn Val 405 410 415Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu
His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln 420 425 430Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly
Lys 435 44019441PRTMus musculusMISC_FEATURE(1)..(441)Mouse CD80 ECD
Fc IgG1 MT (234, 235, 331) 19Val Asp Glu Gln Leu Ser Lys Ser Val
Lys Asp Lys Val Leu Leu Pro1 5 10 15Cys Arg Tyr Asn Ser Pro His Glu
Asp Glu Ser Glu Asp Arg Ile Tyr 20 25 30Trp Gln Lys His Asp Lys Val
Val Leu Ser Val Ile Ala Gly Lys Leu 35 40 45Lys Val Trp Pro Glu Tyr
Lys Asn Arg Thr Leu Tyr Asp Asn Thr Thr 50 55 60Tyr Ser Leu Ile Ile
Leu Gly Leu Val Leu Ser Asp Arg Gly Thr Tyr65 70 75 80Ser Cys Val
Val Gln Lys Lys Glu Arg Gly Thr Tyr Glu Val Lys His 85 90 95Leu Ala
Leu Val Lys Leu Ser Ile Lys Ala Asp Phe Ser Thr Pro Asn 100 105
110Ile Thr Glu Ser Gly Asn Pro Ser Ala Asp Thr Lys Arg Ile Thr Cys
115 120 125Phe Ala Ser Gly Gly Phe Pro Lys Pro Arg Phe Ser Trp Leu
Glu Asn 130 135 140Gly Arg Glu Leu Pro Gly Ile Asn Thr Thr Ile Ser
Gln Asp Pro Glu145 150 155 160Ser Glu Leu Tyr Thr Ile Ser Ser Gln
Leu Asp Phe Asn Thr Thr Arg 165 170 175Asn His Thr Ile Lys Cys Leu
Ile Lys Tyr Gly Asp Ala His Val Ser 180 185 190Glu Asp Phe Thr Trp
Glu Lys Pro Pro Glu Asp Pro Pro Asp Ser Lys 195 200 205Asn Glu Pro
Lys Ser Ser Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro 210 215 220Ala
Pro Glu Phe Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys225 230
235 240Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
Val 245 250 255Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe
Asn Trp Tyr 260 265 270Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr
Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu 275 280 285Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val
Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His 290 295 300Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys
Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys305 310 315 320Ala Leu Pro Ala
Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln 325 330 335Pro Arg
Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu 340 345
350Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro
355 360 365Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu
Asn Asn 370 375 380Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly
Ser Phe Phe Leu385 390 395 400Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser
Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val 405 410 415Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His
Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln 420 425 430Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu
Ser Pro Gly Lys 435 44020440PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(440)Human CD80 ECD Human Fc IgG1 WT 20Val
Ile His Val Thr Lys Glu Val Lys Glu Val Ala Thr Leu Ser Cys1 5 10
15Gly His Asn Val Ser Val Glu Glu Leu Ala Gln Thr Arg Ile Tyr Trp
20 25 30Gln Lys Glu Lys Lys Met Val Leu Thr Met Met Ser Gly Asp Met
Asn 35 40 45Ile Trp Pro Glu Tyr Lys Asn Arg Thr Ile Phe Asp Ile Thr
Asn Asn 50 55 60Leu Ser Ile Val Ile Leu Ala Leu Arg Pro Ser Asp Glu
Gly Thr Tyr65 70 75 80Glu Cys Val Val Leu Lys Tyr Glu Lys Asp Ala
Phe Lys Arg Glu His 85 90 95Leu Ala Glu Val Thr Leu Ser Val Lys Ala
Asp Phe Pro Thr Pro Ser 100 105 110Ile Ser Asp Phe Glu Ile Pro Thr
Ser Asn Ile Arg Arg Ile Ile Cys 115 120 125Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Phe
Pro Glu Pro His Leu Ser Trp Leu Glu Asn 130
135 140Gly Glu Glu Leu Asn Ala Ile Asn Thr Thr Val Ser Gln Asp Pro
Glu145 150 155 160Thr Glu Leu Tyr Ala Val Ser Ser Lys Leu Asp Phe
Asn Met Thr Thr 165 170 175Asn His Ser Phe Met Cys Leu Ile Lys Tyr
Gly His Leu Arg Val Asn 180 185 190Gln Thr Phe Asn Trp Asn Thr Thr
Lys Gln Glu His Phe Pro Asp Asn 195 200 205Glu Pro Lys Ser Ser Asp
Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala 210 215 220Pro Glu Leu Leu
Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro225 230 235 240Lys
Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 245 250
255Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val
260 265 270Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
Glu Gln 275 280 285Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr
Val Leu His Gln 290 295 300Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys
Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala305 310 315 320Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys
Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro 325 330 335Arg Glu Pro Gln Val
Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr 340 345 350Lys Asn Gln
Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser 355 360 365Asp
Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 370 375
380Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu
Tyr385 390 395 400Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln
Gly Asn Val Phe 405 410 415Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His
Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys 420 425 430Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
435 44021440PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(440)Human CD80 ECD
Human Fc IgG1 L234F, L235E, P331S MT 21Val Ile His Val Thr Lys Glu
Val Lys Glu Val Ala Thr Leu Ser Cys1 5 10 15Gly His Asn Val Ser Val
Glu Glu Leu Ala Gln Thr Arg Ile Tyr Trp 20 25 30Gln Lys Glu Lys Lys
Met Val Leu Thr Met Met Ser Gly Asp Met Asn 35 40 45Ile Trp Pro Glu
Tyr Lys Asn Arg Thr Ile Phe Asp Ile Thr Asn Asn 50 55 60Leu Ser Ile
Val Ile Leu Ala Leu Arg Pro Ser Asp Glu Gly Thr Tyr65 70 75 80Glu
Cys Val Val Leu Lys Tyr Glu Lys Asp Ala Phe Lys Arg Glu His 85 90
95Leu Ala Glu Val Thr Leu Ser Val Lys Ala Asp Phe Pro Thr Pro Ser
100 105 110Ile Ser Asp Phe Glu Ile Pro Thr Ser Asn Ile Arg Arg Ile
Ile Cys 115 120 125Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Phe Pro Glu Pro His Leu Ser
Trp Leu Glu Asn 130 135 140Gly Glu Glu Leu Asn Ala Ile Asn Thr Thr
Val Ser Gln Asp Pro Glu145 150 155 160Thr Glu Leu Tyr Ala Val Ser
Ser Lys Leu Asp Phe Asn Met Thr Thr 165 170 175Asn His Ser Phe Met
Cys Leu Ile Lys Tyr Gly His Leu Arg Val Asn 180 185 190Gln Thr Phe
Asn Trp Asn Thr Thr Lys Gln Glu His Phe Pro Asp Asn 195 200 205Glu
Pro Lys Ser Ser Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala 210 215
220Pro Glu Phe Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys
Pro225 230 235 240Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val
Thr Cys Val Val 245 250 255Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val
Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val 260 265 270Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala
Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln 275 280 285Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg
Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln 290 295 300Asp Trp Leu Asn
Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala305 310 315 320Leu
Pro Ala Ser Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro 325 330
335Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr
340 345 350Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr
Pro Ser 355 360 365Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro
Glu Asn Asn Tyr 370 375 380Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp
Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr385 390 395 400Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys
Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe 405 410 415Ser Cys Ser Val Met
His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys 420 425 430Ser Leu Ser
Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys 435 44022288PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(288)human PD-1 precursor (with signal
sequence) 22Met Gln Ile Pro Gln Ala Pro Trp Pro Val Val Trp Ala Val
Leu Gln1 5 10 15Leu Gly Trp Arg Pro Gly Trp Phe Leu Asp Ser Pro Asp
Arg Pro Trp 20 25 30Asn Pro Pro Thr Phe Ser Pro Ala Leu Leu Val Val
Thr Glu Gly Asp 35 40 45Asn Ala Thr Phe Thr Cys Ser Phe Ser Asn Thr
Ser Glu Ser Phe Val 50 55 60Leu Asn Trp Tyr Arg Met Ser Pro Ser Asn
Gln Thr Asp Lys Leu Ala65 70 75 80Ala Phe Pro Glu Asp Arg Ser Gln
Pro Gly Gln Asp Cys Arg Phe Arg 85 90 95Val Thr Gln Leu Pro Asn Gly
Arg Asp Phe His Met Ser Val Val Arg 100 105 110Ala Arg Arg Asn Asp
Ser Gly Thr Tyr Leu Cys Gly Ala Ile Ser Leu 115 120 125Ala Pro Lys
Ala Gln Ile Lys Glu Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Leu Arg Val 130 135 140Thr
Glu Arg Arg Ala Glu Val Pro Thr Ala His Pro Ser Pro Ser Pro145 150
155 160Arg Pro Ala Gly Gln Phe Gln Thr Leu Val Val Gly Val Val Gly
Gly 165 170 175Leu Leu Gly Ser Leu Val Leu Leu Val Trp Val Leu Ala
Val Ile Cys 180 185 190Ser Arg Ala Ala Arg Gly Thr Ile Gly Ala Arg
Arg Thr Gly Gln Pro 195 200 205Leu Lys Glu Asp Pro Ser Ala Val Pro
Val Phe Ser Val Asp Tyr Gly 210 215 220Glu Leu Asp Phe Gln Trp Arg
Glu Lys Thr Pro Glu Pro Pro Val Pro225 230 235 240Cys Val Pro Glu
Gln Thr Glu Tyr Ala Thr Ile Val Phe Pro Ser Gly 245 250 255Met Gly
Thr Ser Ser Pro Ala Arg Arg Gly Ser Ala Asp Gly Pro Arg 260 265
270Ser Ala Gln Pro Leu Arg Pro Glu Asp Gly His Cys Ser Trp Pro Leu
275 280 28523268PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(268)human PD-1
(mature, without signal sequence) 23Pro Gly Trp Phe Leu Asp Ser Pro
Asp Arg Pro Trp Asn Pro Pro Thr1 5 10 15Phe Ser Pro Ala Leu Leu Val
Val Thr Glu Gly Asp Asn Ala Thr Phe 20 25 30Thr Cys Ser Phe Ser Asn
Thr Ser Glu Ser Phe Val Leu Asn Trp Tyr 35 40 45Arg Met Ser Pro Ser
Asn Gln Thr Asp Lys Leu Ala Ala Phe Pro Glu 50 55 60Asp Arg Ser Gln
Pro Gly Gln Asp Cys Arg Phe Arg Val Thr Gln Leu65 70 75 80Pro Asn
Gly Arg Asp Phe His Met Ser Val Val Arg Ala Arg Arg Asn 85 90 95Asp
Ser Gly Thr Tyr Leu Cys Gly Ala Ile Ser Leu Ala Pro Lys Ala 100 105
110Gln Ile Lys Glu Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Leu Arg Val Thr Glu Arg Arg
115 120 125Ala Glu Val Pro Thr Ala His Pro Ser Pro Ser Pro Arg Pro
Ala Gly 130 135 140Gln Phe Gln Thr Leu Val Val Gly Val Val Gly Gly
Leu Leu Gly Ser145 150 155 160Leu Val Leu Leu Val Trp Val Leu Ala
Val Ile Cys Ser Arg Ala Ala 165 170 175Arg Gly Thr Ile Gly Ala Arg
Arg Thr Gly Gln Pro Leu Lys Glu Asp 180 185 190Pro Ser Ala Val Pro
Val Phe Ser Val Asp Tyr Gly Glu Leu Asp Phe 195 200 205Gln Trp Arg
Glu Lys Thr Pro Glu Pro Pro Val Pro Cys Val Pro Glu 210 215 220Gln
Thr Glu Tyr Ala Thr Ile Val Phe Pro Ser Gly Met Gly Thr Ser225 230
235 240Ser Pro Ala Arg Arg Gly Ser Ala Asp Gly Pro Arg Ser Ala Gln
Pro 245 250 255Leu Arg Pro Glu Asp Gly His Cys Ser Trp Pro Leu 260
26524290PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(290)human PD-L1 precursor
(with signal sequence) 24Met Arg Ile Phe Ala Val Phe Ile Phe Met
Thr Tyr Trp His Leu Leu1 5 10 15Asn Ala Phe Thr Val Thr Val Pro Lys
Asp Leu Tyr Val Val Glu Tyr 20 25 30Gly Ser Asn Met Thr Ile Glu Cys
Lys Phe Pro Val Glu Lys Gln Leu 35 40 45Asp Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Val
Tyr Trp Glu Met Glu Asp Lys Asn Ile 50 55 60Ile Gln Phe Val His Gly
Glu Glu Asp Leu Lys Val Gln His Ser Ser65 70 75 80Tyr Arg Gln Arg
Ala Arg Leu Leu Lys Asp Gln Leu Ser Leu Gly Asn 85 90 95Ala Ala Leu
Gln Ile Thr Asp Val Lys Leu Gln Asp Ala Gly Val Tyr 100 105 110Arg
Cys Met Ile Ser Tyr Gly Gly Ala Asp Tyr Lys Arg Ile Thr Val 115 120
125Lys Val Asn Ala Pro Tyr Asn Lys Ile Asn Gln Arg Ile Leu Val Val
130 135 140Asp Pro Val Thr Ser Glu His Glu Leu Thr Cys Gln Ala Glu
Gly Tyr145 150 155 160Pro Lys Ala Glu Val Ile Trp Thr Ser Ser Asp
His Gln Val Leu Ser 165 170 175Gly Lys Thr Thr Thr Thr Asn Ser Lys
Arg Glu Glu Lys Leu Phe Asn 180 185 190Val Thr Ser Thr Leu Arg Ile
Asn Thr Thr Thr Asn Glu Ile Phe Tyr 195 200 205Cys Thr Phe Arg Arg
Leu Asp Pro Glu Glu Asn His Thr Ala Glu Leu 210 215 220Val Ile Pro
Glu Leu Pro Leu Ala His Pro Pro Asn Glu Arg Thr His225 230 235
240Leu Val Ile Leu Gly Ala Ile Leu Leu Cys Leu Gly Val Ala Leu Thr
245 250 255Phe Ile Phe Arg Leu Arg Lys Gly Arg Met Met Asp Val Lys
Lys Cys 260 265 270Gly Ile Gln Asp Thr Asn Ser Lys Lys Gln Ser Asp
Thr His Leu Glu 275 280 285Glu Thr 29025272PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(272)human PD-L1 (mature, without signal
sequence) 25Phe Thr Val Thr Val Pro Lys Asp Leu Tyr Val Val Glu Tyr
Gly Ser1 5 10 15Asn Met Thr Ile Glu Cys Lys Phe Pro Val Glu Lys Gln
Leu Asp Leu 20 25 30Ala Ala Leu Ile Val Tyr Trp Glu Met Glu Asp Lys
Asn Ile Ile Gln 35 40 45Phe Val His Gly Glu Glu Asp Leu Lys Val Gln
His Ser Ser Tyr Arg 50 55 60Gln Arg Ala Arg Leu Leu Lys Asp Gln Leu
Ser Leu Gly Asn Ala Ala65 70 75 80Leu Gln Ile Thr Asp Val Lys Leu
Gln Asp Ala Gly Val Tyr Arg Cys 85 90 95Met Ile Ser Tyr Gly Gly Ala
Asp Tyr Lys Arg Ile Thr Val Lys Val 100 105 110Asn Ala Pro Tyr Asn
Lys Ile Asn Gln Arg Ile Leu Val Val Asp Pro 115 120 125Val Thr Ser
Glu His Glu Leu Thr Cys Gln Ala Glu Gly Tyr Pro Lys 130 135 140Ala
Glu Val Ile Trp Thr Ser Ser Asp His Gln Val Leu Ser Gly Lys145 150
155 160Thr Thr Thr Thr Asn Ser Lys Arg Glu Glu Lys Leu Phe Asn Val
Thr 165 170 175Ser Thr Leu Arg Ile Asn Thr Thr Thr Asn Glu Ile Phe
Tyr Cys Thr 180 185 190Phe Arg Arg Leu Asp Pro Glu Glu Asn His Thr
Ala Glu Leu Val Ile 195 200 205Pro Glu Leu Pro Leu Ala His Pro Pro
Asn Glu Arg Thr His Leu Val 210 215 220Ile Leu Gly Ala Ile Leu Leu
Cys Leu Gly Val Ala Leu Thr Phe Ile225 230 235 240Phe Arg Leu Arg
Lys Gly Arg Met Met Asp Val Lys Lys Cys Gly Ile 245 250 255Gln Asp
Thr Asn Ser Lys Lys Gln Ser Asp Thr His Leu Glu Glu Thr 260 265
270
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