U.S. patent application number 16/291297 was filed with the patent office on 2019-06-27 for sprayable compositions containing metal oxides.
The applicant listed for this patent is Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.. Invention is credited to David Scott Byren, Michael J. Fevola, Jessica Leigh Ledingham, Jeffrey Daniel Martin, Bashar Oussama Salah.
Application Number | 20190192391 16/291297 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 66326530 |
Filed Date | 2019-06-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20190192391 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Byren; David Scott ; et
al. |
June 27, 2019 |
SPRAYABLE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING METAL OXIDES
Abstract
The present invention provides a composition comprising a high
load of metal oxides that is phase stable and sprayable. It
comprises a branched hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane
copolymer and a hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsion
copolymer comprising of one or more acrylate monomers and an
ethoxylated associative comonomer.
Inventors: |
Byren; David Scott;
(Hoboken, NJ) ; Fevola; Michael J.; (Belle Mead,
NJ) ; Ledingham; Jessica Leigh; (River Vale, NJ)
; Martin; Jeffrey Daniel; (Hillsborough, NJ) ;
Salah; Bashar Oussama; (Plainsboro, NJ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. |
Skillman |
NJ |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
66326530 |
Appl. No.: |
16/291297 |
Filed: |
March 4, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15805563 |
Nov 7, 2017 |
10278905 |
|
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16291297 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61Q 1/02 20130101; A61K
8/044 20130101; A61K 8/06 20130101; A61Q 17/04 20130101; A61K 8/87
20130101; A61K 2800/594 20130101; A61K 8/27 20130101; A61K 8/046
20130101; A61K 8/0241 20130101; A61K 8/0245 20130101; A61K 8/29
20130101; A61K 2800/622 20130101; A61K 8/8152 20130101; A61K
2800/805 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/06 20060101
A61K008/06; A61K 8/81 20060101 A61K008/81; A61Q 17/04 20060101
A61Q017/04; A61K 8/27 20060101 A61K008/27; A61K 8/87 20060101
A61K008/87; A61Q 1/02 20060101 A61Q001/02; A61K 8/02 20060101
A61K008/02 |
Claims
1.-10. (canceled)
11. A composition comprising at least about 10 weight percent of a
metal oxide having a viscosity less than 50,000 cP within a shear
rate rage of 0.01 to 0.1 s.sup.-1, and a loss tangent greater than
2.5 in an angular frequency range of 0.1 to 1 rad/s.
12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the metal oxide is
selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide
and mixtures thereof.
13. The composition of claim 11, wherein the metal oxide comprises
zinc oxide.
14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the zinc oxide comprises
coated particles.
15. The composition of claim 11 comprising a branched
hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane copolymer.
16. The composition of claim 11 comprising a hydrophobically
modified alkali swellable emulsion copolymer.
17. The composition of claim 11 substantially free of organic UV
filters.
18. The composition of claim 11 comprising an organic UV
filter.
19.-20. (canceled)
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] It is well known that prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV)
radiation, especially from the sun, can lead to the formation of
light dermatoses and erythemas, and increase the risk of skin
cancers, such as melanoma. Exposure to UV radiation also
accelerates skin aging, such as loss of skin elasticity and
wrinkling.
[0002] For these reasons, sunscreen compositions are commonly used
to provide photoprotection from the sun. Sunscreen compositions
containing inorganic sunscreen agents, i.e., metal oxides like zinc
oxide or titanium dioxide, are preferred by many consumers who
desire mild products with a minimum of potentially irritating
ingredients. Metal oxides, however, are difficult to formulate into
sprayable compositions, a product form that is popular due to
convenient application. As dense particles, metal oxides tend to
settle in formulations, and are therefore difficult to suspend in
dispersions over extended time periods, e.g. product shelf life.
This is especially true for sunscreen compositions having little or
no organic UV filter content, which require higher loads of metal
oxides for adequate UV protection.
[0003] It has now been discovered that a composition comprising
high levels of metal oxides that is both sprayable and stable may
be prepared using a combination of a branched hydrophobically
modified ethoxylated urethane copolymer ("HEUR") and a
hydrophobically modified alkali swellable ("HASE") emulsion
copolymer. Advantageously, the composition may be a sunscreen, and
in certain embodiments is substantially free or completely free of
organic UV filters.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The present invention provides a composition comprising: (a)
at least about 10 weight percent of a metal oxide; (b) about 0.1 to
about 5 weight percent of branched hydrophobically modified
ethoxylated urethane copolymer; and (c) about 0.1 to about 5.5
weight percent of a hydrophobically modified alkali swellable
emulsion copolymer comprising an ethoxylated associative comonomer
and one or more acrylate monomers.
[0005] The invention further provides a composition comprising at
least about 10 weight percent of a metal oxide having a viscosity
less than 50,000 cP within a shear rate rage of 0.01 to 0.1
s.sup.-1, and a loss tangent greater than 2.5 in an angular
frequency range of 0.1 to 1 rad/s.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] FIG. 1 shows the spray pattern of Composition 1 of Example
2.
[0007] FIG. 2 shows the spray pattern of Composition N of Example
2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0008] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. All
publications, patent applications, patents, and other references
mentioned herein are incorporated by reference.
[0009] Where applicable, chemicals are specified according to their
INCI Name. Additional information, including definitions,
suppliers, and trade names, can be found under the appropriate INCI
monograph in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and
Handbook, 16th Edition published by the Personal Care Products
Council, Washington D.C. Also available via the Personal Care
Products Council On-Line INFOBASE
(http://online.personalcarecouncl.org/jsp/Home.jsp).
[0010] As used herein, "topically applying" means directly
spraying, wiping, laying on, or spreading on outer skin or the
scalp, e.g., by use of the hands or an applicator such as a wipe,
roller, or spray.
[0011] As used herein, "cosmetic" refers to a beautifying substance
or preparation which preserves, restores, bestows, simulates, or
enhances the appearance of bodily beauty or appears to enhance the
beauty or youthfulness, specifically as it relates to the
appearance of tissue or skin.
[0012] As used herein, "sunscreen composition" refers to a
formulation (e.g. a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product)
that absorbs and/or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV)
radiation and thus helps protect against negative effects of sun
exposure, e.g. sunburn, premature aging, etc.
[0013] As used herein, "color cosmetic" means a composition for
application to the hair, nails and/or skin, especially the face,
which contains at least about 0.01% and up to about 50% of pigment.
Color cosmetics include, but are not limited to, foundations,
concealers, primers, blush, mascara, eyeshadow, eyeliner, lipstick,
nail polish and tinted moisturizers. The present invention is
particularly suited for use with primers.
[0014] As used herein, "foundation" means a liquid, solid, or
semi-solid cosmetic composition for imparting color to the skin,
especially the face. It may be in the form of a lotion, cream, gel,
serum, compact, stick, or paste.
[0015] As used herein, "concealer" means a liquid, paste, or
semi-solid cosmetic composition for imparting color to the skin,
containing a relatively high level of pigments having opacity, such
as titanium dioxide, typically used prior to applying foundation,
for example for concealing age or acne spots or scars.
[0016] As used herein, "primer" means a liquid, paste, or
semi-solid cosmetic composition for application directly to the
skin underneath foundations and/or concealers. Primers ease the
application of foundation (or other skin care composition) onto the
skin, even out skin tone, and increase the longevity of skin care
compositions applied over the primer. Primers also may be used to
smooth fine lines, such as around the mouth. A lip primer used
underneath lipstick can maintain lip color and prevent feathering
of the lipstick. Foundation primer used around the eye area can
decrease creasing of eyeshadow. Use of a foundation primer may also
decrease the amount of foundation required to achieve the same
effect. Primers typically comprise waxes, polymers, and
silicones.
[0017] As used herein, "cosmetically effective amount" means an
amount of a physiologically active compound or composition
sufficient for treating one or more conditions, but low enough to
avoid serious side effects. The cosmetically effective amount of
the compound or composition will vary with the condition being
treated, the age and physical condition of the end user, the
severity of the condition being treated/prevented, the duration of
the treatment, the nature of other treatments, the specific
compound or product/composition employed, the
cosmetically-acceptable carrier utilized, and like factors.
[0018] As used herein, "cosmetically acceptable" means that the
ingredients the term describes are suitable for use in contact with
tissues (e.g., the skin) without undue toxicity, incompatibility,
instability, irritation, allergic response, or the like.
[0019] As used herein, a "cosmetically acceptable active agent" is
a compound (synthetic or natural) that has a cosmetic or
therapeutic effect on the skin.
[0020] As used herein, "treatment or treating" refers to
mitigating, reducing, preventing, improving, or eliminating the
presence or signs of a condition or disorder.
[0021] In certain embodiments, the composition is phase stable.
"Phase stability" as used herein, means the maintenance of
interfacial stability or suspension stability or both at each of
the temperatures 25.degree. C., 40.degree. C., and 50.degree. C.
for at least 2 weeks. "Interfacial stability" refers to stability
against coalescence and coarsening of a discontinuous phase in a
composition having two or more phases. "Suspension stability"
refers to stability against creaming and/or sedimentation of a
discontinuous phase, for example solids, suspended in continuous
phase.
[0022] In one embodiment of the invention, the composition
maintains both interfacial stability and suspension stability at
each of the temperatures 25.degree. C., 40.degree. C., and
50.degree. C. for at least 2 weeks. To assess such stability
conditions, the composition may be filled into an appropriately
sized vessel where it is fully visible, such as a clear 4 oz. glass
jar.
[0023] The interfacial stability of the composition can be assessed
visually and is considered unstable if at least two distinct,
immiscible phases of the composition are observed, as well known in
the art.
[0024] Also as known in the art, the suspension stability of the
composition can be assessed visually or tactilely and is considered
unstable if a distinct separation or gradient in color, opacity,
grittiness, or other indicator of non-uniformity between different
regions in a sample (i.e., top and bottom, or other different
regions) is observed. The suspension stability of the composition
can alternatively be assessed through, but not limited to,
Brookfield viscosity and is considered unstable if there are
significant changes in viscosity measurement (5 or 10 or 20% for
example) between different regions in a sample (i.e., top and
bottom or other different regions). Brookfield viscosity may be
measured with a Brookfield Laboratory Viscometer from AMETEK Inc.
(Middleboro, Mass.), using a setting, spindle, and speed
appropriate for the composition's viscosity.
[0025] Overall phase stability may also be assessed by other
techniques known in the art, for example significant changes in
chemical composition as determined by analytical chemistry testing
between different regions in a sample (i.e. top and bottom or other
different regions).
[0026] Unless otherwise indicated, a percentage or concentration
refers to a percentage or concentration by weight (i.e., % (W/W)).
Unless stated otherwise, all ranges are inclusive of the endpoints,
e.g., "from 4 to 9" includes the endpoints 4 and 9.
Metal Oxide
[0027] The composition comprises at least about 10 weight percent
of a metal oxide. One or more than one metal oxide may be used.
[0028] In one embodiment, the composition comprises at least about
10 to about 30 weight percent of the metal oxide.
[0029] The metal oxide may for example be zinc oxide, titanium
dioxide, doped zinc oxide, doped titanium dioxide, or mixtures
thereof. Dopants are trace elements of other metal atoms
incorporated into the crystal lattice of the primary metal oxide to
modify its electrical or optical properties and may include
aluminum, manganese, and iron.
[0030] In one embodiment, the metal oxide is zinc oxide.
Commercially available zinc oxide sunscreens include MZX-3040TS
from Tayca Corporation.
[0031] In another embodiment, the metal oxide comprises coated
particles. The coating may comprise for example hydrophobic
materials such as alkyl siloxanes (e.g. triethoxycaprylylsilane),
silicones or metal salts of fatty acids.
[0032] In one embodiment, the metal oxide comprises particles
having a diameter from about 0.01 micron to about 10 microns.
[0033] In one embodiment, the inorganic sunscreen may further
comprise particulate doped zinc oxides as referred in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 9,144,535, 9,144,536 and WO2008117017, incorporated herein by
reference in their entirety. Such particulate zinc oxides comprise
low levels of certain dopants at particular ratios and provide
improved performance with respect to absorption in the UVA portion
of the electromagnetic spectrum. The particulate zinc oxides
comprise a cationic portion that in turn comprises about 99% by
weight or more of a zinc portion. The cationic portion further
comprises first and second dopant portions comprising metals such
as manganese, iron, aluminum, and copper. The first and second
dopant portions may be present in amounts of about 0.1% to about
0.75% by weight of the cationic portion. The particulate doped zinc
oxides may further comprise additional metal cations, for example,
cations of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, other transition
metals, as well as cations of metals such as gallium, germanium,
gallium, indium, tin, antimony, thallium, lead, bismuth, and
polonium, in small concentrations.
[0034] These doped zinc oxides may be made by various methods, such
as by reducing oxide ores using, for example, carbon or other
suitable reducing agents, and then re-oxidizing. Other suitable
methods include wet chemical methods. One example of a wet chemical
method includes mixing alkaline salt solutions of the various
cations and causing ZnO to precipitate by reducing the pH using an
acid such as oxalic or formic acid. A particularly suitable wet
chemical method is the so-called "sol-gel" method.
[0035] In one embodiment, the composition is substantially free of
organic UV filters. As used herein, "substantially free of" means
the ingredient referred to is not directly and intentionally added
to the formula. Preferably, "substantially free of" means
containing less than about 1%, preferably less than about 0.5%,
more preferably less than about 0.1% by weight of an
ingredient.
[0036] In another embodiment, the composition is completely free
of, i.e., contains no, organic UV filters.
[0037] In another embodiment, the composition comprises one or more
organic UV filters.
[0038] As used herein, "organic UV filter" means an organic
molecule capable of absorbing UV light, including: (i) aromatic
compound conjugated with a carbonyl moiety substituted in the
ortho- or para-position of the aromatic ring, and (ii) polymers
made of organic chromophores attached to a polymer chain, either of
which block or absorb ultraviolet (UV) light.
[0039] Traditional organic UV filters are aromatic, small molecules
with molecular weight values <900 g/mol. Examples of organic
non-polymeric UV filters include, but are not limited to:
methoxycinnamate derivatives such as octyl methoxycinnamate and
isoamyl methoxycinnamate; camphor derivatives such as 4-methyl
benzylidene camphor, camphor benzalkonium methosulfate, ecamsule
(Mexoryl.RTM. SX); terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid, and
terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid; salicylate derivatives
such as octyl salicylate, trolamine salicylate, ethylhexyl
salicylate and homosalate; sulfonic acid derivatives such as
phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid; benzone derivatives such as
dioxybenzone, sulisobenzone, and oxybenzone; benzoic acid
derivatives such as aminobenzoic acid and octyldimethyl para-amino
benzoic acid; octocrylene and other
.beta.,.beta.-diphenylacrylates; dioctyl butamido triazone; octyl
triazone; avobenzone (butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane); drometrizole
trisiloxane; menthyl anthranilate; triazone derivatives such as
ethylhexyl triazone (Uvinul.RTM. T150); diethylhexyl butamido
triazone (UVASorb.RTM. HEB); bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl
triazine (Tinosorb.RTM. S), benzoate derivatives such as
diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (Uvinul.RTM. A Plus),
benzotriazole derivatives such as drometrizole trisiloxane
(Mexoryl.RTM. XL), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl
tetramethylbutylphenol; tris-biphenyl triazine;
(2-{4-[2-(4-Diethylamino-2-hydroxy-benzoyl)-benzoyl]-piperazine-1-carbony-
l}-phenyl)-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methanone; merocyanine
derivatives; bis(butylbenzoate) diaminotriazine
aminopropylsiloxane; and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl
triazine, encapsulated in a polymer matrix.
[0040] Polymeric, organic UV filters are polymers made of organic
chromophores attached to polymer chains, for instance a
polysiloxane chain having for example an average molecular weight
of >6000 Daltons. Examples of such polysiloxane UV filters
include, without limitation Parsol.RTM. SLX and polysilicone-15.
These polysiloxanes absorb in the UVB (.lamda..sub.max=312 nm) part
of the spectrum and are typically combined with UVA filters to
achieve broad-spectrum protection.
[0041] The following table lists various commercially available
organic UV filters.
TABLE-US-00001 UV Filter Other names Coverage Benzophenone-3
Oxybenzone or 2-hydroxy-4- UVA/B methoxybenzophenone Benzophenone-4
Sulizobenzone or 2-hydroxy-4- UVA/B methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic
acid and its trihydrate Benzophenone-5
2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic UVA/B acid
(benzophenone-5) and its sodium salt Sulizobenzone sodium Sodium
hydroxymethoxybenzophenone sulfonate Benzophenone-8 Dioxybenzone or
2,2'-dihydroxy-4- UVA/B methoxybenzophenone dioxybenzone
(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(2- hydroxyphenyl)methanone methanone,
(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(2- hydroxyphenyl) 3-benzylidene camphor
3-benzylidene camphor UVB Bis Tinosorb S or
(1,3,5)-triazine-2,4-bis{[4-(2-ethyl- UVA/B ethylhexyloxyphenol
hexyloxy)-2-hydroxy]-phenyl}-6-(4-methoxyphenyl) methoxyphenyl
triazine or anisotriazine Butylmethoxy Avobenzone or
1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4- UVA dibenzoyl methane methoxyphenyl)
propane-1,3-dione Camphor benzalkonium Mexoryl SO or
N,N,N-trimethyl-4-(2-oxoborn-3- UVB Methosulfate ylidene-methyl)
anilinium methyl sulphate Diethylamino Uvinul A plus or UVA
hydroxybenzoyl benzoic acid, 2-[-4-(diethylamino)-2- hexyl benzoate
hydroxybenzoyl]-, hexylester Diethylhexyl butamido UVASorb HEB or
UVB triazone benzoic acid, 4,4-((6-((4-(((1,1-dimethylethyl) amino)
carbonyl) phenyl) amino) 1,3,5-triazine-2,4- diyl) diimino) bis
-(2-) ester) or dioctyl butamido triazone Disodium phenyl Neo
Heliopan AP or UVA dibenzimidazole monosodium salt of
2-2'-bis(1,4-phenylene)1H- tetrasulfonate
benzimidazole-4,6-disulphonic acid) or bisimidazylate Drometrizole
Mexoryl XL or UVA/B trisiloxane
phenol,2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-6-(2-
methyl-3-(1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-l-(trimethylsilyl)oxy)-
disiloxanyl(propyl) Ethoxyethyl Cinoxate UVB methoxycinnamate
Ethylhexyl Padimate O UVB dimethylamino Octyl dimethyl PABA
Benzoate Ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA Ethylhexyl OMC or octinoxate UVB
methoxycinnamate Octyl methoxycinnamate Ethylhexyl salicylate
Octisalate UVB 2-ethylhexyl salicylate Octyl salicylate Ethylhexyl
triazone Uvinul T150 UVB
2,4,6-trianilino-(p-carbo-2'-ethylhexyl-l'oxy)-1,3,5- triazine
Octyl triazone Homosalate 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl
2-hydroxybenzoate UVB Salicilato de homomentila Isoamyl p-
Amiloxate UVB methoxycinnamate Isopentyl-4-methoxycinnamate Methyl
anthranilate Meradimate UVA 4-methylbenzylidene Enzacamene UVB
camphor 3-(4'-methylbenxylidene)d-1 camphor 4 MBC Methylene bis-
Tinosorb M UVA/B benzotriazolyl
2,2'-methylene-bis-6-(2H-benzotriazol-2yl)-4-
tetramethylbutylphenol (tetramethyl-butyl)-1,1,3,3-phenol
Octocrylene 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl UVB
ester Para aminobenzoic acid PABA UVB 4-aminobenzoic acid PEG-25
PABA Ethoxylated ethyl-4-aminobenzoate UVB Phenyl benzimidazole Neo
Heliopan Hydro - Ensulizole UVB sulfonic acid
2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid and its potassium, sodium,
and triethanolamine salts Potassium, Sodium, and TEA
Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonate Polyacrylamido Mexoryl SW UVB
methylbenzylidene Polymer of N-[(2 and 4)-[(2-oxoborn-3- Camphor
ylidene)methyl]benzyl]acrylamide Polysilicone-15 Parsol SLX UVB
Diethylbenzylidene malonate Dimethicone Diethylmalonylbenzylidene
Oxypropene dimethicone Dimethicodiethylbenzalmalonate
Triethanolamine Neo Heliopan TES UVB salicylate Trolamine
salicylate Terephtalydene Mexoryl SX UVA dicamphor sulfonic acid
Benzylidene camphor Alpha-(2-oxoborn-3-ylidene)-toluene-4-sulfonic
sulfonic acid acid and its salts
[0042] The SPF of the composition may be determined using the
in-vivo "Colipa Method," known to those skilled in the sunscreen
art. In this method, the minimum dose of solar-simulated
ultraviolet radiation (UVR) required to induce a minimally
perceptible erythema on human skin is determined for untreated skin
and for the skin treated with the composition (erythema readings
taken 24 hours after irradiation). The ratio of the dose of UV
radiation needed to induce minimally perceptible erythema for the
composition-protected skin (MEDp), divided by the dose required for
a minimally perceptible erythema for unprotected skin (MEDu)
results in the SPF value of the composition.
[0043] An irradiation apparatus used for SPF determinations is, for
example, a Multiport Solar Simulator Model 601 (Solar Light Co.,
Philadelphia, Pa., USA) which consists of a 300 W Xenon lamp
filtered with a UG11 1 mm thick filter and a WG320 1 mm filter
(Schott Co., Philadelphia, Pa., USA) to allow exposure to UV
between 240 and 800 nanometers.
[0044] Alternatively, the SPF of the composition may be determined
using the USA FDA Final Rule test method, No. FDA 1978-N-0018, also
known to those skilled in the sunscreen art.
[0045] In one embodiment, the composition has an SPF of at least
about 15. In another embodiment, the composition has an SPF of at
least about 25.
[0046] The composition may comprise one or more SPF boosters, such
as styrene/acrylates copolymer. A commercially available
styrene/acrylates copolymer is SUNSPHERES Powder from Dow
Chemical.
Hydrophobically Modified Urethane Copolymer
[0047] The composition also contains about 0.1 to about 5 weight
percent of a hydrophobically modified urethane copolymer comprising
branched backbone, i.e. a branched hydrophobically modified
ethoxylated urethane copolymer (HEUR). One or more than one
branched hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane copolymer
may be used.
[0048] Examples of HEURs useful in the invention include without
limitation HEURs synthesized via 1) copolymerization of a
diisocyanate comonomer, e.g., hexamethylene diisocyanate,
isophorone diisocyante, with a PEG diol or diamine comonomer, and a
polyfunctional comonomer (having 3 or more nucleophilic groups,
e.g., hydroxyl, amino, etc.); examples include methyl glucosides,
ethoxylated methyl glucosides (e.g. Methyl Gluceth-10), sugar
alcohols (e.g. sorbitol), sugar alcohol anhydrides (e.g. sorbitan),
pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, and 2) substitution of
terminal positions (i.e. "end-capping") with a C.sub.12 or higher
linear, branched or cyclic hydrophobic chain end groups.
[0049] Preferably, the HEUR is Polyurethane-62, a copolymer of
hexamethylene diisocyanate [diisocyante comonomer], PEG-200 [PEG
diol], Methyl Gluceth-10 [polyfunctional comonomer], end-capped
with Trideceth-6 and a fatty alcohol containing 16 to 20 carbons
[hydrophobic chain end groups].
[0050] Polyurethane-62 is commercially available as AVALURE.TM.
Flex-6 Polymer, an aqueous solution of polyurethane-62 and
trideceth-6, from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc.
Hydrophobically Modified Alkali Swellable Emulsion Copolymer
[0051] The composition also contains a hydrophobically modified
alkali swellable emulsion (HASE) copolymer comprising one or more
acrylate monomers and an ethoxylated associative comonomer. One or
more than one hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsion
copolymer may be used.
[0052] The composition contains about 0.1 to about 5.5 weight
percent of the hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsion
copolymer.
[0053] Acrylate monomers as used herein, refer to acrylic acid,
methacrylic acid or one of their simple (C.sub.1-C.sub.4) esters
and a C.sub.16-C.sub.24 ethoxylate (methacrylate) comonomer.
[0054] Ethoxylated associative comonomer as used herein is a
monomer comprising an ethylenically-unsaturated polymerizable
moiety covalently bound to a C.sub.16-C.sub.24 alkyl ethoxylate
comprising 10-50 cools of ethylene oxide. Ethylenically-unsaturated
polymerizable moieties include acryloyl, methacryloyl, acrylamido,
methacrylamido, allyl, crotonoyl, and itaconoyl, with methacryloyl
being preferred.
[0055] Examples of HASE copolymers include, without limitation,
Acrylates/Beheneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer, Acrylates/Steareth-25
Methacrylate Copolymer. Acrylates/Beheneth-25
Methacrylate/Steareth-30 Methacrylate Copolymer,
Acrylates/Ceteareth-20 Methacrylate Crosspolymer,
Acrylates/Ceteareth-20 Methacrylate Crosspolymer-2,
Acrylates/Ceteth-20 Itaconate Copolymer, Acrylates/Ceteth-20
Methacrylate Copolymer, Acrylates/Palmeth-25 Acrylate Copolymer,
Acrylates/Palmeth-25 Itaconate Copolymer, Acrylates/Steareth-50
Acrylate Copolymer, Acrylates/Steareth-20 Itaconate Copolymer,
Acrylates/Steareth-20 Methacrylate Copolymer, Acrylates/Steareth-30
Methacrylate Copolymer, and Acrylates/Steareth-20 Methacrylate
Crosspolymer.
[0056] In one embodiment, the HASE copolymer is
acrylates/beheneth-25 methacrylate copolymer. Acrylates/beheneth-25
methacrylate copolymer is commercially available, for example, as
VOLAREST FL from Croda Inc. or NOVETHIX L-10 from Lubrizol Advanced
Materials, Inc.
[0057] In another embodiment, the HASE copolymer is
acrylates/steareth-25 methacrylate copolymer. Acrylates/steareth-25
methacrylate copolymer is commercially available, for example, as
ACULYN 22 from Rohm & Haas.
[0058] In certain embodiments, the HASE copolymer does not contain
a crosslinking monomer, i.e. it is preferably a copolymer instead
of a crosspolymer.
Topical Composition
[0059] The composition can be used by topically applying to a
mammal, e.g., by the direct spraying, laying on, wiping or
spreading of the composition on the skin, hair, or nails of a
mammal, particularly a human.
[0060] The composition is in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion
containing a continuous water phase and a discontinuous oil phase
dispersed within the continuous water phase.
[0061] The composition may be prepared using mixing and blending
methodology well known in the sunscreen and cosmetic art. In one
embodiment, the composition is produced by preparing an oil phase
by mixing the inorganic sunscreen with optional oil soluble or
oil-miscible ingredients; and preparing a water phase, by mixing
water and optional water-soluble or water-miscible ingredients. The
oil phase and the water phase may then be mixed in a manner
sufficient to disperse the oil phase substantially homogeneously in
the water phase such that the water phase is continuous and the oil
phase discontinuous.
[0062] The percentage by weight of water phase included in the
compositions may range from about 30% to about 80%, such as from
about 35% to about 75%, such as from about 40% to about 70%. The
percentage by weight of water in the water phase may be about 60%
or more, such as about 70% or more, such as about 90% or more.
[0063] In certain embodiments, the percentage by weight of oil
phase in the composition is from about 20% to about 70%, such as
from about 25% to about 65%, such as from about 30% to about
60%.
[0064] The composition may be combined with a
"cosmetically-acceptable topical carrier," i.e., a carrier for
topical use that capable of containing the other ingredients
dispersed or dissolved therein, and possessing acceptable
properties rendering it safe to use topically.
[0065] The cosmetically-acceptable topical carrier may optionally
comprise a wide variety of additional oil-soluble materials and/or
water-soluble materials conventionally used in compositions for use
on skin, at their art-established levels. For example, surfactants,
emulsifiers, pearlescent or opacifying agents, thickeners,
emollients, conditioners, humectants, chelating agents, exfoliants,
preservatives, pH adjusting agents, and additives that enhance the
appearance, feel, or scent of the composition, such as colorants,
fragrances, tactile modifiers, and the like, can be included.
[0066] Water soluble or water dispersible polymers may be added to
the compositions. The water dispersible polymers are comprised of a
water-insoluble polymer that is typically micronized and dispersed
into a water carrier, possibly with the use of a surface active
dispersing aid. The water dispersible polymers are capable of
forming a film and improving water resistance of the compositions.
Examples of water dispersible polymers include water dispersible
polyurethanes, such as Baycusan.RTM. C1000 (Polyurethane-34),
available from Bayer, Dow Corning.RTM. 2501 (Bis-PEG-18 Methyl
Ether Dimethyl Silane), available from Dow Corning, Eastman AQTM
38S (Polyester-5), available from Eastman Chemical, and
Intelimer.RTM. 8600 (C8-22 Alkyl Acrylates/Methacrylic Acid
Crosspolymer) available from Air Products.
[0067] Compositions of the present invention may include a film
forming polymer to enhance film formation and provide some water
resistance. A "film-forming polymer," as used herein means a
polymer, when dissolved in the composition, permits a continuous or
semi-continuous film to be formed when the composition is spread
onto, e.g., smooth glass, and the liquid vehicle is allowed to
evaporate. As such, the polymer should dry on the glass in
predominantly continuous manner, rather than forming a plurality of
discrete, island-like structures. Generally, the films formed by
applying compositions on the skin according to embodiments of the
invention described herein, are less than, on average, about 100
microns in thickness, such as less than about 50 microns.
[0068] Suitable film-forming polymers include natural polymers such
as polysaccharides or proteins and synthetic polymers such as
polyesters, polyacrylics, polyurethanes, vinyl polymers,
polysulfonates, polyureas, polyoxazolines, and the like. Specific
examples of film-forming polymers include, for example, acrylic
homopolymers or copolymers with hydrophobic groups such as
Acrylates/Octylacrylamide Copolymer including DERMACRYL 79
available from Akzo Chemical of Bridgewater, N.J.;
Acrylates/Dimethicone Acrylate Copolymer available as X-22-8247D
from Shin-Etsu of Japan; Hydrogenated Dimer
Dilinoleyl/Dimethylcarbonate Copolymer, available from BASF Corp.
as COSMEDIA DC; copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and a long-chain
alpha-olefin, such as those commercially available from Ashland
Specialty Ingredients as GANEX V220; vinylpyrrolidone/tricontanyl
copolymers available as GANEX WP660 also from Ashland;
water-dispersible polyesters, including sulfopolyesters such those
commercially available from Eastman Chemical as EASTMAN AQ 38S. In
certain embodiments, the film-forming polymer is water insoluble,
but is rendered soluble upon exposure to alkalinity in order to
facilitate removal from the skin upon washing with soap.
[0069] The amount of film-forming polymer present in the
composition may be from about 0.25% to about 15%, or from about
0.5% to about 10%, or from about 1% to about 3%.
[0070] Suitable emollients include mineral oils, petrolatum,
vegetable oils (e.g. triglycerides such as caprylic/capric
triglyceride), waxes and other mixtures of fatty esters, including
but not limited to esters (e.g., isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl
myristate, diisopropyl adipate, dibutyl adipate, dicaprylyl
carbonate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate), silicone oils such as
dimethicone, and alkanes such as isohexadecane.
[0071] Examples of suitable solvents include propylene glycol,
1,3-propanediol, butylene glycol, polyethylene glycol,
polypropylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, sorbitol esters,
1,2,6-hexanetriol, ethanol, isopropanol, and mixtures thereof.
[0072] In certain embodiments, the composition includes a pigment
suitable for providing color or hiding power. The pigment may be
one suitable for use in a color cosmetic product, including
compositions for application to the hair, nails and/or skin,
especially the face. Color cosmetic compositions include, but are
not limited to, foundations, concealers, primers, blush, mascara,
eyeshadow, eyeliner, lipstick, nail polish and tinted moisturizers.
The pigment suitable for providing color or hiding power may be
composed of iron oxides, including red and yellow iron oxides,
titanium dioxide, ultramarine and chromium or chromium hydroxide
colors, and mixtures thereof. The pigment may be a lake pigment,
e.g. an organic dye such as azo, indigoid, triphenylmethane,
anthraquinone, and xanthine dyes that are designated as D&C and
FD&C blues, browns, greens, oranges, reds, yellows, etc.,
precipitated onto inert binders such as insoluble salts. Examples
of lake pigments include Red #6, Red #7, Yellow #5, Violet #2 and
Blue #1. The pigment may be an interference pigment. Examples of
interference pigments include those containing mica substrates,
bismuth oxycloride substrates, and silica substrates, for instance
mica/bismuth oxychloride/iron oxide pigments commercially available
as CHROMALITE pigments (BASF), titanium dioxide and/or iron oxides
coated onto mica such as commercially available FLAMENCO pigments
(BASF), mica/titanium dioxide/iron oxide pigments including
commercially available KTZ pigments (Kobo products), CELLINI pearl
pigments (BASF), and borosilicate-containing pigments such as
REFLECKS pigments (BASF).
[0073] In one embodiment, the composition comprises a humectant
such as butylene glycol or glycerin. The composition may comprise
for example at least about 1.0 weight percent of a humectant.
[0074] In another embodiment, the composition has a pH of about 5.5
to about 9. The composition has a pH of about 6.5 to about 8. The
composition may have a pH of about 7.
[0075] The composition may further comprise one or more other
cosmetically acceptable active agents include for example anti-acne
agents, shine control agents, anti-microbial agents,
anti-inflammatory agents, anti-mycotic agents, anti-parasite
agents, external analgesics, antioxidants, keratolytic agents,
moisturizers, nutrients, vitamins, energy enhancers,
anti-perspiration agents, astringents, deodorants, firming agents,
anti-callous agents, and agents for skin conditioning.
[0076] The amount of other cosmetically active agents may range
from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight of the composition, e.g.,
about 0.005% to about 10% by weight of the composition, such as
about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
[0077] The cosmetically acceptable active agent may be selected for
instance from D-panthenol carotenoids, ceramides, polyunsaturated
fatty acids, essential fatty acids, enzymes such as laccase, enzyme
inhibitors, minerals, steroids such as hydrocortisone,
2-dimethylaminoethanol, copper salts such as copper chloride,
peptides like argireline, syn-ake and those containing copper,
coenzyme Q10, amino acids such as proline, vitamins, lactobionic
acid, acetyl-coenzyme A, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, ribose,
electron transporters such as NADH and FADH2, natural extracts such
as from aloe vera, feverfew, oatmeal, dill, blackberry, princess
tree, Picia anomala, and chicory, resorcinols such as 4-hexyl
resorcinol, curcuminoids, sugar amines such as N-acetyl
glucosamines, and derivatives and mixtures thereof.
[0078] Examples of vitamins include, but are not limited to,
vitamin A, vitamin B's such as vitamin B3, vitamin B5, and vitamin
B12, vitamin C, vitamin K, and different forms of vitamin E like
alpha, beta, gamma or delta tocopherols or their mixtures, and
derivatives thereof.
[0079] Examples of antioxidants include, but are not limited to,
water-soluble antioxidants such as sulfhydryl compounds and their
derivatives (e.g., sodium metabisulfite and N-acetyl-cysteine),
lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid, resveratrol, lactoferrin, and
ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid derivatives (e.g., ascorbyl
palmitate and ascorbyl polypeptide). Oil-soluble antioxidants
suitable for use in the compositions of this invention include, but
are not limited to, butylated hydroxytoluene, retinoids (e.g.,
retinol and retinyl palmitate), tocopherols (e.g., tocopherol
acetate), tocotrienols, and ubiquinone. Natural extracts containing
antioxidants suitable for use in the compositions of this
invention, include, but not limited to, extracts containing
flavonoids and isoflavonoids and their derivatives (e.g., genistein
and diadzein), extracts containing resveratrol and the like.
Examples of such natural extracts include grape seed, green tea,
pine bark, and propolis.
[0080] In one embodiment, the composition is a sunscreen
composition.
[0081] In another embodiment, the composition a color cosmetic.
Viscosity Test Method
[0082] In one embodiment of the invention, the composition has a
viscosity less than 50,000 cps within a shear rate rage of 0.01 to
0.1 s.sup.-1.
[0083] The viscosity of the composition is measured by the
following method. A TA Instruments (New Castle, Del.) ARES G2
strain-controlled rheometer equipped with a Peltier temperature
control system at 25.degree. C. and a parallel plate geometry is
used. A steady-state flow sweep is performed where the shear rate
is increased from 0.01 to 1,000 s.sup.-1, with four measuring
points taken per decade. At each shear rate in the sweep, the
rheometer monitors the torque over 10-second periods until either
the torque does not fluctuate by more than five percent over two
consecutive 10-second periods, or until the step time at that shear
rate has exceeded 60 seconds. If the torque does not fluctuate by
more than five percent in two consecutive 10-second periods, the
measurement is considered to be at a steady state, and the torque
is converted into a steady-state viscosity; if the torque has not
stabilized in the 60-second step time, an average of the last 10
seconds is taken as the viscosity at that shear rate and the point
is flagged as non-steady state.
Loss Tangent
[0084] In one embodiment, the composition has a loss tangent
greater than 2.5 in an angular frequency range of 0.1 to 1
rad/s.
[0085] The loss tangent, also known as the solid/liquid balance, is
calculated by dividing the loss modulus (G'') by the storage
modulus (G') in an oscillatory experiment. The loss tangent of the
composition is measured by the following method. A TA Instruments
(New Castle, Del.) ARES G2 strain-controlled rheometer equipped
with a Peltier temperature control system at 25.degree. C. and a
parallel plate geometry is used. The linear viscoelastic regime for
a sample is determined by performing a strain sweep oscillation
step, where the strain amplitude is increased from 0.1 to 1000%
strain at an angular frequency of one radian per second. The end of
the linear viscoelastic regime is defined as the strain at which
the storage modulus, G', deviates by more than 5% of its average
low-strain plateau value. To determine the loss tangent versus
frequency, a frequency sweep is performed by varying the angular
frequency from 100 to 0.1 radians per second at a strain in the
linear viscoelastic regime.
Sprayability
[0086] The composition of the invention is sprayable. "Sprayable"
as used herein means the composition, when manually actuated or
through pressurized release out of a dispensing mechanism, such as
a bottle with pump spray nozzle or an aerosol can, creates a spray
pattern evenly distributed and reproducible over an area of a
defined shape (e.g. circle, annulus) and size.
[0087] It has been found that compositions having a viscosity less
than 50,000 cP within a shear rate rage of 0.01 to 0.1 s.sup.-1 and
a loss tangent greater than 2.5 in an angular frequency range of
0.1 to 1 rad/s surprisingly provide excellent sprayability.
[0088] As set forth herein, such compositions may be formulated
according to the invention by adding a branched hydrophobically
modified urethane copolymer and hydrophobically modified alkali
swellable emulsion copolymer comprising one or more acrylate
monomers and an ethoxylated associate comonomer to the compositions
in certain amounts.
[0089] Although the invention is not bound by theory, it is
believed the combination of branched hydrophobically modified
urethane copolymer and hydrophobically modified alkali swellable
emulsion copolymer creates a composite network of amphiphilic
polymers. The polymers assemble through an associative mechanism.
In particular, hydrophobes on the HASE copolymer can associate with
urethane copolymer hydrophobes, leading to intermolecular bridging
associations between both polymers in aqueous solution. The
bridging results in entanglement of the polymers and creation of
the transient three-dimensional composite network, which allows for
both stable suspension of the inorganic sunscreen in the
composition, and good sprayability of composition.
[0090] The following non-limiting examples further illustrate the
invention.
Example 1
[0091] The following composition according to the invention was
made using the ingredients shown in Table 1 and in accordance with
the following procedure. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials
were added in the weight percent amounts as indicated, and the
particular HEUR and HASE polymers used for each composition are
also indicated in Table 1.
[0092] For the aqueous phase preparation, to an appropriately sized
vessel equipped with a hotplate and over-head mechanical stirrer,
Water was added and while mixing at an appropriate speed to
generate a vortex, heated to 50.degree. C. At temperature the HEUR
polymer was slowly added and mixed until fully dissolved. Under
adjusted mixing to maintain vortex, the HASE polymer was slowly
added and mixed until fully dissolved. While continuing to mix and
heat to 75.degree. C., Butylene Glycol and Chlorphenesin were added
and once fully incorporated Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer and
Phenoxyethanol were added. The vessel was held at 75.degree. C. for
later emulsification step. Simultaneous to the aqueous phase
preparation, for the oily phase preparation, to an appropriately
sized vessel equipped with a hotplate and over-head mechanical
stirrer, Isohexadecane, Polyhydroxystearic Acid, and Zinc Oxide;
Triethoxycaprylylsilane were added in that order, and while mixing
heated to 80.degree. C. At temperature and under continued mixing,
Cetyl Alcohol was added and mixed until fully melted. Phase was
then mixed using a homogenzier, such as a Silverson high shear
rotor/stator laboratory homogenizer, at 5000 rpm for at least 5
minutes, and returned to regular mixing and heated to 75.degree.
C., where it was maintained for the later emulsification step. Once
both phases were complete and held at 75.degree. C., while mixing
the aqueous phase at high speed with a deep vortex, the oily phase
was slowly added to the aqueous phase per standard emulsification
technique, and held at 75.degree. C. under continued mixing for at
least 20 minutes. Composition was then cooled to under 40.degree.
C., where Silica was added and Water was added in q.s. to 100 wt %,
where the batch was then allowed to mix until uniform before being
discharged to an appropriate storage vessel.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Activity INCI name {%} wt. % HEUR
Trideceth-6; Polyurethane 62 100 0.70 HASE Acrylates/Beheneth-25
Methacrylate 30 1.00 Copolymer Other Butylene Glycol 100 5.00
Chlorphenesin 100 0.27 Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer 87 5.55
Phenoxyethanol 100 0.50 Isohexadecane 100 20.00 Polyhydroxystearic
Acid 100 2.00 Zinc Oxide; Triethoxycaprylylsilane 100 23.40 Cetyl
Alcohol 100 0.50 Silica 100 1.00 Water 100 Q.S. to 100%
Example 2
[0093] The following inventive compositions (1-4) and comparative
compositions (A-P) were made using the procedure and ingredients of
Example 1, except that the amounts of the hydrophobically modified
polyurethane ("HEUR") and/or hydrophobically modified
alkali-swellable, alkali-soluble emulsion copolymer ("HASE") were
changed, or one or both ingredients were removed and substituted
with different polymers. All the compositions contained 22.5% by
weight zinc oxide except for Composition 4, which contained 25% by
weight zinc oxide.
[0094] For each composition, (i) the viscosity within the shear
rate rage of 0.01 to 0.1 s.sup.-1, ii) the loss tangent in the
angular frequency range of 0.1 to 1 rad/s, and iii) whether the
composition suspended the zinc oxide, assessed visually and/or with
Brookfield viscosity at top and bottom of samples using the methods
set forth above, at each of 25.degree. C., 40.degree. C., and
50.degree. C. for a minimum of 2 weeks, were measured/tested.
[0095] The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Solid/Liquid Formula Balance Suspends (loss
tangent) Metal greater than Oxide at Viscosity less 2.5 within Room
Temp., than 50,000 Angular 40 C., and cps for Shear Frequency 50 C.
for a Rate Range Range minimum of HEUR HASE 0.01-0.1 s.sup.-1 0.1-1
rad/s 2 wks. Composition INCI Name Trade Name wt. % INCI Name Trade
name wt. % (Pass/Fail) (Pass/Fail) (Pass/Fail) 1 Trideceth-6;
Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Volarest 1.0 Pass Pass Pass
Polyurethane-62 Beheneth-25 FL-LQ Methacrylate Copolymer 2
Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Novethix 1.0 Pass Pass
Pass Polyurethane-62 Beheneth-25 L-10 Polymer Methacrylate
Copolymer 3 Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Aculyn 22
1.0 Pass Pass Pass Polyurethane-62 Steareth-20 Methacrylate
Copolymer 4 Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Volarest 1.0
Pass Pass Pass Polyurethane-62 Beheneth-25 FL-LQ Methacrylate
Copolymer A Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 5.0 Acrylates/ Volarest 1.0
Fail Fail Pass Polyurethane-62 Beheneth-25 FL-LQ Methacrylate
Copolymer B Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Volarest 0.1
Pass Pass Fail Polyurethane-62 Beheneth-25 FL-LQ Methacrylate
Copolymer C Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.1 Acrylates/ Volarest 1.0
Pass Fail Fail Polyurethane-62 Beheneth-25 FL-LQ Methacrylate
Copolymer D Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Volarest 5.5
Fail Pass Pass Polyurethane-62 Beheneth-25 FL-LQ Methacrylate
Copolymer E Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Aculyn 22
2.0 Pass Pass Fail Polyurethane-62 Steareth-20 Methacrylate
Copolymer F Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Aculyn 88
1.0 Pass Pass Fail Polyurethane-62 Steareth 20 Methacrylate
Crosspolymer G Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Aculyn 88
2.0 Pass Pass Fail Polyurethane-62 Steareth 20 Methacrylate
Crosspolymer H Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates Carbopol
1.0 Pass Pass Fail Polyurethane-62 Copolymer Aqua SF-1 I
Trideceth-6; Avalure Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates Carbopol 2.0 Pass Fail
Fail Polyurethane-62 Copolymer Aqua SF-1 J Trideceth-6; Avalure
Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Carbopol 1.0 Pass Pass Fail Polyurethane-62
C10-30 Alkyl ETD-2020 Acrylate Crosspolymer K Trideceth-6; Avalure
Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Carbopol 2.0 Pass Pass Fail Polyurethane-62
C10-30 Alkyl ETD-2020 Acrylate Crosspolymer L Trideceth-6; Avalure
Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Pemulen 0.3 Pass Pass Fail Polyurethane-62
C10-30 Alkyl TR-2 Acrylate Crosspolymer M Trideceth-6; Avalure
Flex-6 0.7 Acrylates/ Pemulen 1.0 Pass Pass Fail Polyurethane-62
C10-30 Alkyl TR-2 Acrylate Crosspolymer N PEG-150/Stearyl Aculyn 46
0.7 Acrylates/ Volarest 1.0 Pass Fail Fail Alcohol/SMDI Beheneth-25
FL-LQ Copolymer Methacrylate Copolymer O Bis-C16-20 Rheoluxe 880
0.7 Acrylates/ Volarest 1.0 Untestable* Untestable* Fail Isoalkoxy
Beheneth-25 FL-LQ TMHDI/PEG-90 Methacrylate Copolymer Copolymer P
Bis-C16-20 Rheoluxe 880 2.3 Acrylates/ Volarest 1.0 Pass Fail Fail
Isoalkoxy Beheneth-25 FL-LQ TMHDI/PEG-90 Methacrylate Copolymer
Copolymer
[0096] Compositions 1 and N were tested as follows to assess their
sprayability visually. Each composition was sprayed with a
finger-actuated pump head with a 0.016'' insert that generates a
"halo pattern." The compositions were sprayed upright at
approximately 11 cm from a perpendicularly-oriented black surface
target.
[0097] FIG. 1 shows the spray pattern of Composition 1 according to
the invention. The spray pattern shows a fine spray on targeted
delivery with an even distribution of droplets in the halo pattern
(ie. clearly defined ring of spray around the targeted area).
[0098] In contrast, FIG. 2 shows the spray pattern of comparative
Composition N, which did not form a halo, but instead deposited an
agglomeration in the center of the target surface.
* * * * *
References