U.S. patent application number 15/943694 was filed with the patent office on 2019-06-20 for systems and methods for detecting and controlling transmission systems.
The applicant listed for this patent is BINJ Laboratories, Inc.. Invention is credited to William T. Blake, Carl A. Giordano, James P. Noonan, Joseph S. Noonan.
Application Number | 20190191359 15/943694 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 66826788 |
Filed Date | 2019-06-20 |
View All Diagrams
United States Patent
Application |
20190191359 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Noonan; Joseph S. ; et
al. |
June 20, 2019 |
Systems and Methods for Detecting and Controlling Transmission
Systems
Abstract
Disclosed is a system for managing wireless transmitting devices
in which a wireless transmission from a transmission device is
detected within or about a set area and an allowability of the
transmission device to continue transmitting is based on an
identification information, of the device, a location of the device
and a number being called by the device.
Inventors: |
Noonan; Joseph S.;
(Scituate, MA) ; Noonan; James P.; (Scituate,
MA) ; Giordano; Carl A.; (Valley Cottage, NY)
; Blake; William T.; (Abington, MA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
BINJ Laboratories, Inc. |
Scituate |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
66826788 |
Appl. No.: |
15/943694 |
Filed: |
April 2, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15292087 |
Oct 12, 2016 |
9936442 |
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15943694 |
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15136953 |
Apr 24, 2016 |
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15292087 |
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15046378 |
Feb 17, 2016 |
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15136953 |
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62240464 |
Oct 12, 2015 |
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62151923 |
Apr 23, 2015 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01J 35/1042 20130101;
B01J 35/1038 20130101; B01J 37/0205 20130101; C10G 2/34 20130101;
G01S 5/0221 20130101; C10G 2/33 20130101; B01J 35/006 20130101;
B01J 35/0066 20130101; B01J 2219/00835 20130101; H04W 64/00
20130101; B01J 19/0093 20130101; B01J 35/0046 20130101; B01J
37/0203 20130101; B01J 35/1019 20130101; G01S 5/04 20130101; B01J
23/8993 20130101; B01J 35/0053 20130101; G01S 5/02 20130101; B01J
37/18 20130101; B01J 35/1014 20130101; H04W 48/08 20130101; B01J
37/08 20130101; H04W 48/04 20130101; B01J 23/8986 20130101; B01J
35/1061 20130101; B01J 2219/00873 20130101; B01J 23/8913 20130101;
B01J 37/0207 20130101; B01J 37/0213 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04W 48/08 20060101
H04W048/08; G01S 5/02 20060101 G01S005/02; G01S 5/04 20060101
G01S005/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 7, 2012 |
GB |
1214122.2 |
Claims
1. A managed access system for managing wireless devices in a
restricted area, wherein the restricted area is within a coverage
area of a commercial carrier base station, the system comprising: a
plurality of antennas; and a transceiving system, in communication
with at least one of said plurality of antennas, comprising: a
transmitter; and a receiver, said transceiving system configured
to: provide, through said at least one antenna, line-of-sight
signal detection coverage of a designated area within the
restricted area, said designated area being located within a
building; and generate, through said at least one antenna, a signal
at a power received within the designated area greater than a power
of a signal generated by the commercial carrier received within the
designated area.
2. The managed access system of claim 1, wherein said transceiving
system is attached to a mast arm attached to the building.
3. The managed access system of claim 1, wherein said at least one
antenna is aligned with at least one opening in said building.
Description
CLAIM OF PRIORITY
[0001] This application claims, pursuant to 35 USC 120, as a
Continuation, priority to and the benefit of the earlier filing
date of patent application:
[0002] Ser. No. 15/292,087, filed on Oct. 12, 2016 (now U.S. Pat.
No. 9,936,442, issued Apr. 3, 2018), which claimed, pursuant to 35
USC 119, priority to and the benefit of the earlier filing date of
provisional patent application: [0003] Ser. No. 62/240,464 filed on
Oct. 12, 2015; and
[0004] further claimed, as a Continuation-in-part, pursuant to 35
USC 120, priority to and the benefit of the earlier filing date of
application: [0005] Ser. No. 15/136,953 filed on Apr. 24, 2016,
which
[0006] claimed, pursuant to 35 USC 119, priority to and the benefit
of the earlier filing date, of provisional patent application:
[0007] Ser. No. 62/151,923 filed on Apr. 23, 2015; and
[0008] further claimed, as a Continuation-in-part, pursuant to 35
USC 120, priority to and the benefit of the earlier filing data of
application: [0009] Ser. No. 15/046,378 filed on Feb. 17, 2016;
and
[0010] further claimed, as a Continuation-in-part pursuant to 35
USC 120, priority to and the benefit of the earlier filed data of
patent application: [0011] Ser. No. 13/936,166 (now U.S. Pat. No.
9,344,992, issued May 17, 2016), filed on Jul. 6, 2013, which
claimed, pursuant to 35 USC .sctn. 119, priority to and the benefit
of the earlier filing date of application: [0012] Ser. No.
61/668,852 filed on Jul. 6, 2012 and
[0013] further claimed pursuant to 35 USC .sctn. 120, as a
continuation-in-part to application: [0014] Ser. No. 12/870,808
filed on Aug. 28, 2010 and, [0015] which claimed the benefit of the
earlier filing date, pursuant to 35 USC 119, of applications:
[0016] Ser. No. 61/237,682, filed on Aug. 28, 2009; [0017] Ser. No.
61/264,838, filed on Nov. 30, 2009; and [0018] Ser. No. 61/307,838,
filed on Feb. 24, 2010; and [0019] further claimed the benefit of
the earlier filing date, pursuant to 35 USC .sctn. 120, as a
continuation-in-part to application: [0020] Ser. No. 12/510,036
filed on Jul. 27, 2009,
[0021] which claimed the benefit of the earlier filing date,
pursuant to 35 USC 120, as a continuation-in-part to application:
[0022] Ser. No. 11/457,786 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,078,190) filed on
Jul. 14, 2006, which claimed the benefit of the earlier filing
date, pursuant to 35 USC .sctn. 119, to provisional applications:
[0023] Ser. No. 60/699,281 filed on Jul. 14, 2005; and [0024] Ser.
No. 60/739,877 filed on Nov. 23, 2005. The entire contents of all
of which are incorporated by reference, herein.
[0025] Application Ser. No. 13/936,166 filed on Jul. 6, 2013,
further, pursuant to 35 USC .sctn. 120, claimed as a
Continuation-in-part application, priority to and the benefit of
the earlier filing date to application: [0026] Ser. No. 12/231,437
(now U.S. Pat. No. 9,037,098, issued on May 9, 2015) filed Sep. 2,
2008,
[0027] which claimed the benefit of the earlier filing date,
pursuant to 35 USC .sctn. 120, as a continuation-in-part to
application: [0028] Ser. No. 12/157,530 filed on Jun. 11, 2008 (now
U.S. Pat. No. 8,238,936), which claimed the benefit of the earlier
filing date, pursuant to 35 USC .sctn. 120, as a
continuation-in-part to application: [0029] Ser. No. 11/457,786
(now U.S. Pat. No. 8,078,190), filed on Jul. 14, 2006, which
claimed the benefit of the earlier filing date, pursuant to 35 USC
.sctn. 119, to applications: [0030] Ser. No. 60/699,281 filed on
Jul. 14, 2005; and [0031] Ser. No. 60/739,877 filed on Nov. 23,
2005, the entire contents of all of which are incorporated by
reference, herein.
RELATED APPLICATION
[0032] This application is related to patent application entitled
"Systems and Methods of Detection of Transmission Facilities,"
filed on May 4, 2013, and afforded Ser. No. 13/887,300 (no U.S.
Pat. No. 9,226,259), the contents of all of which are incorporated
by reference, herein.
BACKGROUND
Field of the Invention
[0033] This invention relates to tracking and location of the field
of wireless transmission and more particularly to the
identification and determining a location of a wireless
transmission device and controlling its use.
2. BACKGROUND
[0034] There are many facilities, such as government buildings, and
in particular correctional facilities, such as prisons, that do not
permit cellular phone usage or wireless transmission devices on the
premises or even possession of cellular phones being used by
criminals. In earlier applications we explained how to positively
identify wireless communication devices such as cell phone the
premises or even possession of cellular phones and PDA and locate
them, track their movements and control the use of the cell, if
necessary.
[0035] Finding and preventing usage of cell phones and other
transmission facilities is difficult, and a need exists for
improved methods of detecting, locating, and managing the
transmission of such devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0036] The present invention is directed to systems and methods for
the detection, determining the location and the ability to control
wireless communications and their devices and the detection of
airborne drones within or about a restricted area and remotely
managing the detected drone so as to obscure images captured by the
drones and/or control the drone to prevent any delivery that the
drone may be attempting.
[0037] In one aspect of the invention, a system for detecting and
managing drones comprises a detecting system for detecting the
presence a drone within an area surrounding a restricted area,
determining characteristics of the drone and/or capturing command
signals to the drone, capturing the downlink channel utilized by
the drone and provide desired information to the downlink channel
and changing the data being received by the drone, manipulating the
received data and transmitting authorized data.
[0038] Further the present invention is the management,
integration/interaction of tracking wireless communications, staff,
personnel and inmate, Cell phones, WIFI Devices, IED detonation
devices and the ability to detect, track, control, manipulate and
display said set interactions.
[0039] Methods relate to locating and managing the use and presence
of wireless communication facilities are further disclosed.
Embodiments relate to detecting wireless devices when they transmit
a signal are further disclosed. Other embodiments relate to
detecting of transmission devices when the transmission devices
(i.e., facilities) are in a non-active transmission active
state.
[0040] In embodiments the methods and systems disclosed herein
include methods and systems for detecting a transmitting device
within an obstruction rich environment. The methods and systems may
include detecting the transmitting device within a wireless
detection transmission facility, communicating signal information
relating to the detected transmitting device from the wireless
transmission detection facility to a central unit, determining the
location of the transmitting device, displaying information of the
detection and location of the transmitting device through a user
interface, and providing the information to an action facility for
causing actions related to the detected transmitting device. In
embodiments, the wireless transmission detection facility is an
antenna. In embodiments, the antenna is a dual dipole embedded
antenna. In embodiments, the dual dipole embedded antenna is tuned
to receive cell phone transmissions. In embodiments the dual dipole
embedded antenna is tuned to receive a frequency band of
approximately 700 to 950 MHz. In embodiments, the dual dipole
embedded antenna is tuned to receive a frequency band of
approximately 1.7 to 2.0 GHz. In embodiments, the dual dipole
antenna is tuned to receive signals in frequency bands of
approximately 700 to 950 MHz and 1.7 to 2.0 GHz. In embodiments,
the obstruction rich environment is a correctional facility. In
embodiments, the obstruction rich environment is a mall. In
embodiments, communicating the information relating to the detected
transmitting device from the wireless transmission detection
facility to a central unit involves wireless communications. In
embodiments, the wireless communications are 802.11 communications.
In embodiments, determining the location of the transmitting device
is accomplished through transmission triangulation. In embodiments,
location of the transmitting device is accomplished through a known
location of a single antenna. In embodiments, the location of the
transmitting device is determined based on extrapolation of the
receipt of a plurality of received signals through a series of
non-iterative linear equations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0041] The systems and methods described herein may be understood
by reference to the following figures. It is to be understood that
the figures and descriptions of the present invention described
herein have been simplified to illustrate the elements that are
relevant for a clear understanding of the present invention, while
eliminating, for purposes of clarity only, many other elements.
However, because these eliminated elements are well-known in the
art, and because they do not facilitate a better understanding of
the present invention, a discussion of such elements or the
depiction of such elements is not provided herein. The disclosure
herein is directed also to variations and modifications known to
those skilled in the art.
[0042] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary transmission detection,
identification, and reporting system in accordance with the
principles of the invention.
[0043] FIG. 2 illustrates a system for detecting a transmission
facility.
[0044] FIG. 3 illustrates exemplary antenna configurations.
[0045] FIG. 4 illustrates a first system configuration for
detecting a transmission facility in a cell environment.
[0046] FIG. 5 shows a second system configuration for detecting a
transmission facility in a cell environment.
[0047] FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram relating to actions taken
when detecting transmission facilities.
[0048] FIG. 7 shows a transmission facility detection system
wherein an antenna array is used to determine location.
[0049] FIG. 8 shows a transmission facility detection system
wherein a signal source is differentiated between two adjacent
rooms.
[0050] FIG. 9 illustrates a transmission facility detection system
configuration employing multiple antennas used to identify a
location of a signal source after detection of its presence.
[0051] FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a system for detecting
signals of a transmission facility.
[0052] FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment
of a system for detecting a signal of a transmission facility.
[0053] FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of a main circuit board
within a system for detecting transmission facilities.
[0054] FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a sub-station in a
system for detecting transmission facilities.
[0055] FIG. 14 illustrates a null detection facility.
[0056] FIG. 15 Illustrates a system for detecting and controlling a
transmission facility.
[0057] FIG. 16 Illustrates a system for tracking and locating
transmission facilities.
[0058] FIG. 17 Illustrates an exemplary corrections facility
designed for automation.
[0059] FIG. 18 illustrates a system for implementing the processing
described herein.
[0060] FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary process for determining
location in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0061] FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrates an exemplary geographical
representation to determine power allocation in accordance with the
principles of the invention.
[0062] FIGS. 20A and 20B illustrates exemplary distance and power
graphs associated with the network configuration shown in FIG.
19B.
[0063] FIG. 21 illustrates a second example of an exemplary
cellular network configuration.
[0064] FIGS. 22, 23, and 24 illustrate exemplary power graphs
associated with the network configuration shown in FIG. 21.
[0065] FIG. 25 illustrates a superposition of the graphs shown in
FIGS. 22, 23, and 24.
[0066] FIG. 26 illustrates an exemplary power transmission in
accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0067] FIG. 27 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process for
determining power transmission in accordance with the principles of
the invention.
[0068] FIG. 28 illustrates an exemplary process and options for
controlling wireless transmission within an area in accordance with
the principles of the invention.
[0069] FIG. 28A illustrates an alternative exemplary process and
options for controlling wireless transmission within an area in
accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0070] FIG. 29 illustrates an exemplary methodology of allowing
communications via a wireless communication device within a
controlled area and options for controlling wireless transmission
within the area in accordance with the principles of the
invention.
[0071] FIG. 29A illustrates an exemplary methodology of allowing
communications via a wireless communication device within a
controlled area and options allowing phones to communicate in
accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0072] FIG. 30 illustrates an alternative exemplary methodology for
communicating when controlling wireless transmission within an area
in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0073] FIG. 31 illustrates an exemplary process for controlling and
processing a wireless transmission in accordance with the
principles of the invention.
[0074] FIG. 32 illustrates an exemplary base station power grid
matrix to stimulate cell phones in standby mode.
[0075] FIG. 33 illustrates a second exemplary base station power
grid matrix to stimulate cell phones in standby mode.
[0076] FIG. 34 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process for
managing wireless communication devices in accordance with the
principles of the invention.
[0077] FIGS. 35A-35C illustrate flow charts of exemplary processes
for managing wireless communication devices operating in a first
aspect of a first mode in accordance with the principles of the
invention.
[0078] FIGS. 36A-36D illustrate flow charts of exemplary processes
for managing wireless communication devices operating in a second
aspect of a first mode in accordance with the principles of the
invention.
[0079] FIG. 37 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process for
managing wireless communication device operating in a third aspect
of a first mode in accordance with the principles of the
invention.
[0080] FIG. 38 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process for
managing wireless communication device operating in a first aspect
of a second mode in accordance with the principles of the
invention.
[0081] FIG. 39 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process for
managing wireless communication device operating in a second aspect
of a second mode in accordance with the principles of the
invention.
[0082] FIG. 40 (shown as FIGS. 40A and 40B) illustrates a flow
chart of an exemplary process for managing wireless communication
device in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0083] FIG. 41 (shown as FIGS. 41A and 41B) illustrates a flow
chart of an exemplary process for managing a wireless communication
device in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0084] FIG. 42 illustrates Cell tower location and signal direction
in relationship to Housing Units
[0085] FIG. 43 further illustrates cell tower location and signal
direction in relationship to housing units within a restricted
area;
[0086] FIG. 44 further illustrates cell tower location and MAS
antenna relation and signal direction in relationship to housing
units and each other
[0087] FIG. 45 illustrates a Mast arm on a building and an
exemplary solution for managing wireless communication device(s) in
accordance with the principles of the invention
[0088] FIG. 46 further illustrates MAS Antenna locations and their
relationship to MAS signals and Housing Units
[0089] FIG. 47A illustrates a prospective view of a system
configuration in accordance with the principles of the
invention.
[0090] FIG. 47B illustrates a planar view of a system configuration
in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0091] FIG. 48 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary system
in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0092] FIG. 49 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary processing
in accordance with a first embodiment in accordance with the
principles of the invention.
[0093] FIG. 50 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary processing
in accordance with a second embodiment in accordance with the
principles of the invention.
[0094] FIG. 51 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary processing
in accordance with a third embodiment in accordance with the
principles of the invention.
[0095] It is to be understood that the figures and descriptions of
the present invention described herein have been simplified to
illustrate the elements that are relevant for a clear understanding
of the present invention, while eliminating, for purposes of
clarity, many other elements. However, because these elements are
well-known in the art, and because they do not facilitate a better
understanding of the present invention, a discussion of such
elements is not provided herein. The disclosure herein is also
directed to variations and modifications known to those skilled in
the art.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0096] Detection of a transmission facility, such as a mobile phone
or hand-held radio transmitter, or other transmission facility as
described herein, within an obstruction rich environment, such as a
facility with many physical barriers to electronic transmission, is
difficult to achieve. Referring to FIG. 1, the transmission
detection, identification, and reporting system 100 described
herein provides a method of detecting a transmission facility 202,
such as depicted in FIG. 2, within an environment rich in
obstructions 102. One embodiment of the transmission detection,
identification, and reporting system 100 may involve the detection
of a mobile phone within a heavily walled and metal-barred
government facility such as a correctional facility. In this
embodiment, the system may utilize an array of antennas 104
selectively placed within the facility, collection substations 108
for localized collection of detected signals, a central unit 110
for the processing of incoming signals from the facility, a display
112 for showing the location of the detected transmission facility
202, and an action facility 114 for implementing standard
procedures in the event of a detection. In this embodiment, the
communications between the antennas 104 and the substations 108,
and between the substations 108 and the central unit 110, may be
wireless to make installation and maintenance of the system within
the facility cost and time effective. Selective placement of the
antennas 104, combined with algorithms and methods for determining
location of the transmission facility 202, may allow a
substantially improved means for locating transmission facilities
202, such as mobile phones, in an otherwise heavily shielded
environment.
[0097] In embodiments, the antenna 104 may be a multi-dipole
embedded antenna. Two examples of dual dipole embedded antennas are
provided in FIG. 3 as a first dual-dipole embedded antenna 302 and
a second dual dipole embedded antenna 304. In embodiments, the
antenna may be adapted to receive one, two, three, four, or more
bandwidths. In embodiments the antenna 104 may be selected as one
or more of a dipole antenna 104, a Yagi-Uda antenna 104, a loop
antenna 104, a quad antenna 104, a micro-strip antenna 104, a quad
antenna 104, a helical antenna 104, and a phase array antenna 104,
a patch antenna or a combination thereof.
[0098] In embodiments, the transmission facility 202 may be a
mobile phone, such as a flip phone, a slide phone, a cellular
phone, a handset, a satellite phone, a 3G phone, a wireless phone,
a cordless phone or the like. In embodiments, the transmission
facility 202 may be a radio, such as a Walkie-Talkie, a mobile
radio, a short-wave radio, or the like.
[0099] In embodiments, the transmission band from the transmission
may be within the radio or other electromagnetic frequency
spectrum, such as extremely low frequency (ELF), super low
frequency (SLF), ultra low frequency (ULF), very low frequency
(VLF), low frequency (LF), medium frequency (MF), high frequency
(HF), very high frequency (VHF), ultra high frequency (UHF), super
high frequency (SHF), extremely high frequency (EHF), microwave,
and/or a frequency suitable for 802.11x wireless communications,
ultra-wide band (UWB), Bluetooth, or the like.
[0100] In embodiments, the obstruction rich environment 102 may be
a building, such as a corrections facility, a school, a government
facility, a store, a mall, a residence, a hotel, a motel, or the
like. In embodiments, the obstruction rich environment 102 may be a
large confined space, such as a courtyard, a food court, a recess
area, a hallway, greenhouse, recreation room, gymnasium,
auditorium, kitchen, cafeteria, craft area, work area, library,
prison yard, or the like. In embodiments, the transmission
obstruction materials such as cinderblock, cement, rebar, wire
cage, metal, metal coated surface, or the like. In embodiments, the
obstructions in the obstruction rich environments 102 may be other
construction materials, such as wood, glass, rug, flooring
materials, roofing materials, and the like.
[0101] In embodiments, the transmitting signal information from the
antenna 104 module to the central unit 110 may be through a
communications connection, such as an IEEE 802.15.4 wireless
network, IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet, and/or other
similar type wireless communication protocols. In embodiments, the
communications connection may utilize CAT-5, RJ-45, RS-232
connections, and/or other similar type wired communication
protocols and hardware. In embodiments the communications
connection may utilize an optical connection, such as a wireless
infrared link, wireless visible light, an optical fiber, and the
like.
[0102] In embodiments, the transmitting signal information from the
antenna 104 module to the central unit 110 may contain data, such
as CDMA, CDPD, GSM, TDMA, and the like, and may be used to
discriminate which service signal is being used, such as Verizon,
Cingular, T-Mobile, Sprint, and the like. The detection of the cell
phones may be further resolved down to cell phone manufacturer and
cell phone provider.
[0103] In embodiments, the transmitting signal information to the
central unit 110 may be made through an intermediate connection,
such as a substation 108, router, switch, hub, bridge, multiplexer,
modem, network card, network interface, processing unit,
preprocessor, computer, repeater, antenna 104, and the like. (See
FIG. 2).
[0104] In embodiments, the central unit 110 may have in part a
computer, a computer system, a network of computers, a state
machine, a sequencer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor,
an audio processor, a preprocessor, a microprocessor, and the
like.
[0105] In embodiments, the central unit 110 may process
information, such as location information, such as the location of
people, inmates, corrections personnel, visitors, all personnel
within the facility, equipment, resources, weapons, products,
incoming goods, outgoing goods, and the like. In embodiments, the
information may be a type of signal, such as mobile phone standard
protocols such as CDMA, CDPA, GSM, TDMA, and the like. In
embodiments, the information may be an event notification, such as
personnel under duress, an emergency medical condition, a call for
assistance, a fire, a call for police, a theft, and the like. In
embodiments, the processed information may allow for the tracking
of the person or object in possession of the transmission facility
202, such as a mobile phone, a radio, a weapon, a product, a
resource, and the like. In embodiments, the processed information
may allow for the discrimination and/or association between people
or objects, such as determining the ownership of the transmission
facility 202, the assignment of the source of transmission, current
location of a transmission facility 202 compared to its predicted
location, and the like. In embodiments, the processed information
may also have time codes and unique identifiers assigned.
[0106] In embodiments, the central unit 110 may have a display 112,
such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD),
electronic paper, 3D display, head-mounted display, projector,
segmented display, computer display, graphic output display, and
the like. In embodiments, the central unit 110 may have an action
facility 114, comprising a user interface for causing actions
relating to the detected transmission facility 202. Actions may for
example represent operations such as closing a door, sealing a
room, deploying an action signal, initiating an alarm, and the
like.
[0107] In embodiments the functions of a central unit 110 as
described herein may be replaced by an alternate configuration,
such as a configuration of multiple computers, such as a group of
servers, processors, or the like, operating in parallel. In
embodiments the methods and systems described herein may involve
locating computing capabilities in alternative network
configurations, such as in a mesh network or a peer-to-peer
network.
[0108] In embodiments, the location of a transmission facility 202
may be determined by various radiolocation or signal measurement
techniques, including measuring phase, amplitude, time, or a
combination of these; or by identifying and locating an area
associated with an antenna 104 with the highest signal strength. In
embodiments, the location of a transmission facility 202 may be
determined when the transmission facility 202 is powered off though
detection of a null in the band-pass of a transmitted frequency
sweeps due to the presence of a mobile phone antenna.
[0109] In embodiments, a method of detecting a transmission
facility 202 (e.g. cell phone) when the transmission facility 202
is not powered may require a transmitting device and a receiving
device that can recognize the signature of an antenna 104
associated with the transmission facility 202. By transmitting a
known frequency and receiving the disturbance pattern produced by
having a particular antenna 104 design in the transmission path,
the pattern or `signature` of that antenna 104 can be
characterized. In embodiments, this characterization may be
evaluated by central unit 110 with results output to a display 112.
A database of these signatures can be placed into the unit, and as
the transmitter sweeps across the various cell frequencies, a
pattern received can be matched against the database patterns to
determine the presence of transmission facilities 202. In
embodiments, any class of antenna (e.g. WI-FI, Blackberry,
Walkie-Talkie, etc.) can be classified and identified.
[0110] In embodiments, the range of a hand-held device that can
detect an inactive transmission facility is approximately 10 feet.
In embodiments, greater distances could be attained for stationary
units by increasing the power.
[0111] Radiolocation, also referred to as radio-determination, as
used herein, encompasses any process of finding the location of a
transmitter by means of the propagation properties of waves. The
angle, at which a signal is received, as well as the time it takes
to propagate, may both contribute to the determination of the
location of the transmission facility 202. There are a variety of
methods that may be employed in the determination of the location
of a transmission facility 202. Methods include (i) a cell-sector
system that collects information pertaining to cell and sector
ID's, (ii) the assisted-global positioning satellite (GPS)
technology utilizing a GPS chipset in a mobile communication
facility, (iii) standard GPS technology, (iv) enhanced-observed
time difference technology utilizing software residing on a server
that uses signal transmission of time differences received by
geographically dispersed radio receivers to pinpoint a user's
location, (v) time difference of arrival, (vi) time of arrival,
(vii) angle of arrival, (viii) triangulation of cellular signals,
(iix) location based on proximity to known locations (including
locations of other radio-transmitters), (ix) map-based location, or
any combination of any of the foregoing, as well as other location
facilities known to those of skill in the art.
[0112] Obstructions to radio wave propagation in the obstruction
rich environments 102 may greatly reduce the effectiveness of many
of the conventional radiolocation methods due to obstruction of the
line-of-sight between the transmission facilities 202 and the
receiving antennas 104. However, by employing a large array of
antennas 104, positioned so as to maintain line-of-sight between
possible transmission facility 202 locations and the receiving
antennas 104, several of these methods may be effectively used in
the location of the transmission facility 202. These methods
include time difference of arrival, time of arrival, and angle of
arrival, amplitude comparison, and the like. The time difference of
arrival method determines the difference in the time, or the
difference in phase, of the same radio-transmitting signal arriving
at different receiving antennas 104. Together with the known
propagation speed of the radio wave, allows the determination of
the location of the transmission facility 202. The time of arrival
method determines the absolute time of reception of the signal at
different receiving antennas 104, and again, along with the known
propagation speed of the radio wave, allows the determination of
the location of the transmission facility 202. The angle of arrival
method utilizes direction of transmission to different antennas 104
to determine the location of the transmission facility. Amplitude
comparison method compares the strength of the signal detected at
each antenna to determine the location of a transmission facility
202. For example, two antennas 104 located in the same room would
detect different signal amplitudes for the same transmission
facility 202 output, thereby providing a means of determining which
antenna 104 the transmission facility 202 is closer to. Increasing
the number of antennas 104 therefore increases the resolution with
which the location of the transmission facility 202 may be
determined. All of these methods, and combinations of these
methods, may employ mathematical processes such as triangulation,
tri-lateration, multi-lateration, or like, in determining the
location of the transmission facility.
[0113] Triangulation is the process of finding coordinates and
distance to a point by calculating the length of one side of a
triangle, given measurements of angles and/or sides of the triangle
formed by that point, such as the target transmission facility 202,
and two other known reference points, such as the receiving
antennas 104. The calculation of the location of the transmission
facility 202 may then be performed utilizing the law of Sines from
trigonometry. Tri-lateration is a method similar to triangulation,
but unlike triangulation, which uses angle measurements, together
with at least one known distance, to calculate the subject's
location, tri-lateration uses the known locations of two or more
reference points and the measured distance to the subject, such as
the transmission facility 202, and each reference point, such as
the receiving antennas 104. Multi-lateration, or hyperbolic
positioning, is similar to tri-lateration, but multi-lateration
uses measurements of time difference of arrival, rather than time
of arrival, to estimate location using the intersection of
hyperboloids.
[0114] While several radiolocation and triangulation techniques
have been described in connection with locating the transmitting
device, it should be understood that one skilled in the art would
appreciate that there are other location methodologies and such
location methodologies are encompassed by the present invention.
For example, in embodiments, the location of a single antenna may
be known and the single antenna may detect a transmitting device.
The location of the transmitting device may be estimated through
its known proximity to the single antenna location. This may
provide adequate location resolution for certain applications of
the technology. Similarly, two or more antennas may be used and
each of the antenna locations may be known. When each of the
antennas receives a transmission, the corresponding signal
strengths may be compared. The one with the highest signal strength
may be determined as the one closest to the transmitting device so
the corresponding antenna location may provide enough location
resolution for certain applications.
[0115] In an embodiment of the transmission detection,
identification, and reporting system 100, a corrections facility,
with its substantial and inherent obstruction rich environment 102,
presents a significant challenge to authorities of the correction
facilities. In an embodiment of the invention shown and described
herein, the system may be placed throughout the corrections
facility for the purpose of alerting the corrections staff that
cell phone activity is taking place, the location of the activity
and the type, i.e., Nextel, T-Mobile, Verizon, and the like. The
following technology may also allow for a standalone detection unit
408 or set of detection units 408 (see FIG. 4) to detect cell
phones in schools, buildings and other environments in which the
facility's or area's provider does not wish the use of cell phones
and is interested in the detection of cell phone use.
[0116] In an embodiment, the system may include an integrated
antenna 104 and RF detector (together referred to as a detector
unit 408) (FIG. 4), a substation 108, (FIG. 1) whose purpose may be
to communicate with each detector unit 408 within its sector, and
report activity to the central unit 110, which reports confirmed
activity, type of cell phone, and location to the display 112 of
the central unit 110. These detection units 408 may be used
individually or in conjunction with each other and may triangulate
detection within a specific area. The outside yard areas may be
monitored by detection units 408, which may cover large areas, such
as 25.times.25 foot sectors or smaller areas, e.g., 5.times.5 foot
sectors, to localize the detection of a cell phone (i.e., wireless
transmission facility) and track its position from one sector to
any adjoining sector. That is, as the person moves with a phone,
the changing position of that phone may be reported. If the phone
moves inside the facility, tracking may continue as interior
detection units 408 detect the phone.
[0117] In an embodiment, within these basic groups of detection
units 408 may be various detection unit 408 types. Some detection
unit 408 types may be designed to be hard wired via RJ-45
connectors and/or CAT 5e cable, other detection units 408 may use
802.11b (WI-FI) wireless communications between detection units
408, and there may also be an Infra-Red (IR) set of detection units
408, which utilize optical communications techniques. Each
communications type may have a specific purpose within the
corrections facility or other type of building and/or areas.
Hard-wired units may be used when it is not possible to use either
an optical unit or a WI-FI unit. When there are walls embedded with
metal or where the distance and the obstructions 102 may preclude a
wireless technique. WI-FI detection units 408 may be used when it
is effective to communicate in an area where there are obstructions
such as cement walls or cement with embedded rebar walls, facades,
and the like. Optical detection units 408 may be used in areas
where clear, line-of-sight communications may be possible. Optical
detection units 408 may operate over relatively long distances,
(e.g., 3,000 feet), while WI-FI detection units 408 may be limited
to shorter distances, such as 250 feet.
[0118] In an embodiment, there may also be a hand-held detection
units 408 to be used once a cell phone has been detected, and the
corrections officer(s) or monitor are attempting to pinpoint the
location. This hand-held detection unit 408 may be similar to the
integrated antenna/detector unit of the main system. This
embodiment may also include a detector, discriminator and decoder
module. The hand-held detection units 408 may detect and identify
each cell phone and compare the cell phone identity to the allowed
cell phone user list or in this case to a list of unauthorized cell
phones. This detector unit 408 may output an audible alarm whose
pitch changes as the signal becomes stronger or weaker.
[0119] In an embodiment, a second type of hand-held detector unit
408 may be used to detect a cell phone when it is either off or in
a standby condition, also referred to as null detecting. Null
detection may be used at an ingress or egress of a building or an
area as a way of detecting a communication device or device with an
antenna. This technique may be used in areas where it is
unpractical, unwanted or unwarranted to have x-ray machines or more
intrusive detection systems. A null detection system may also be
deployed in a handheld device so an inspector can move through an
area attempting to detect a communication device. In embodiments,
the null detection system may detect the presence of a transmission
facility even when the transmission facility is not transmitting a
signal. In embodiments, a hand held or mounted null detection
device may be used in a correctional institution or other
government facility.
[0120] In embodiments, null detection may utilize a
transmission-detection source, independent of the transmission
source being detected, which is capable of sweeping across the
frequency spectrum of interest and receiving it's returning signal.
The transmission source sweeps the spectrum of interest, searching
for distortions in the returned field. Distortions in the spectrum
may be due to the presence of an antenna of a transmission facility
202. Matching the distortion, also referred to as a null in the
band pass, to characteristics of known antennas used with mobile
phones may allow the detection and/or identification of the
transmission facility 202. The unit may output an audible "beep" if
it detects a null, allowing the officers to focus in on the
location of the cell phone. The range of the hand-held detection
units 408 may be, for example, 15 to 20 feet. This will allow cell
phones that are in the immediate vicinity to be quickly detected.
The null detection may be applicable for ingress and/or egress
detection.
[0121] In an embodiment, a survey may be performed to determine
optimal placement and the type and number of detection units 408
required. This will insure the minimum number of required detection
units 408 to perform optimal detection. The team may provide a
report detailing the layout determined to be optimized for the
facility and may review this report with the facilities staff so
that any required modifications to the plan may be incorporated
before installation is begun.
[0122] In an embodiment, the initial coverage of a facility may be
in the cell blocks 402 (FIG. 4) and/or pod areas. The same may be
true for linear facilities. The survey may cover the entire
facility, including open areas, such as courtyards, where required.
Inmate also work in large yard and plantations such as Angola State
Prison, it is anticipated this technology may be deployed over a
large outside area.
[0123] In an embodiment, the cell block detection units 408 may be
mounted inside each chase 404 (a column positioned between cells in
a cell block that includes various utility facilities, such as
plumbing and electricity), as shown in FIG. 4, and may communicate
to a substation 108 (not shown in FIG. 4) located at one end of the
block. This detection unit 408 may communicate its information to
the central unit 110 so that tracking, confirmation, and display
may be accomplished. For linear facilities 500, as shown in FIG. 5,
detector units 408 may be mounted along the walls in the
obstruction rich environment 102 opposite the cells 402 and perform
their function similar to the detection units 408 mounted within a
chase 404.
[0124] In an embodiment, detector units 408 may be installed in
open areas such as gymnasiums, kitchens, cafeterias, craft and work
areas and other open areas where a cell phone may be used. The
difference in these locations from the cell blocks 402 may include
the method of detection and tracking. Since most facilities may
only require the identification of a cell phones presence within a
room, and there could be many inmates within that room, the process
may be to lock-down the room, or rooms, in that area and use a hand
held device and a physical search to pinpoint the phone location. A
generalized block diagram of a detector unit 408 is shown in FIG.
6. For those facilities that require resolving the location within
a large interior room or area, the use of triangulation to resolve
to a 10.times.10 foot area may be used.
[0125] In an embodiment, facilities with the requirement to detect
cell phones 202 in outside yard areas, the use of triangulation to
a 25.times.25 foot space or smaller foot space (e.g., 5.times.5
foot) may be constructed. As a phone 202 is moved from area
coverage 702 to area coverage 702, the system may track its
movement. Each square foot sector may overlap an adjoining sector.
In this way, as shown in FIG. 7, tracking may be continuous,
without any gaps.
[0126] In an embodiment, it may also be important to know whether a
phone is located on one side of an obstruction or the other, such
as doors, walls, and the like. If the wrong room is identified, it
may make it more difficult to locate a phone and its user. As shown
in FIG. 8, detection of the correct room may depend upon the level
of the signal received. Proper placement of the detector units 408
may insure that the phone may be identified in the correct
location.
[0127] In an embodiment, when sectoring a large room such as a
gymnasium, the number and placement of antennas 104 may be
critical. In order to sector large regions, such as a 10.times.10
foot section, within the room, the antenna 104 may need to be
capable of narrowing their window to an area small enough to meet
the requirement. In FIG. 9, there is shown an Omni-directional
antenna 104, which detects signal presence generally in a 360
degree direction. Once a signal crosses a threshold, the direction
finding antennas 104 may be turned on to determine the position of
the signal. This may be reported to the display 112 and tracked
until it is either turned off or moves to another room or hallway.
Then, normal positional tracking may take place. It is to be
understood that the figures and descriptions of the present
invention described herein have been simplified to illustrate the
elements that are relevant for a clear understanding of the present
invention, while eliminating, for purposes of clarity only, many
other elements. However, because these eliminated elements are
well-known in the art, and because they do not facilitate a better
understanding of the present invention, a discussion of such
elements or the depiction of such elements is not provided herein.
The disclosure herein is directed also to variations and
modifications known to those skilled in the art.
[0128] In an embodiment, the transmission detection,
identification, and reporting system 100 may work in conjunction
with a personal alarm system, or an inmate tracking system, or a
combination of all three and the like. This dual/tri role system(s)
may allow for more cost effective use of the detection units 408
and provide for greater protection for the correctional officer and
inmate alike. This detection system may utilize an individualized
frequency, with known frequency separation between detection units
408 and between corrections officer's frequencies and Inmate
frequencies. The detection configuration of the detection units 408
may provide complete coverage of the facility. Each transmission
facility unit may be continually tracked throughout the facility.
At all ingress or egress points the focus of the detection may
ensure accurate location of all correctional and inmate personnel.
With the combined systems more detection units 408 may be needed to
ensure full coverage. In an embodiment, the known identity of the
transmission facility, in this case a cell phone being carried
and/or used by an officer or inmate can be accurately associated
with another known identity of another transmission facility, in
this case a corrections officer and/or inmate wearing a
transmission facility. In this embodiment, the use of an authorized
cell phone or an authorized transmission facility by an
unauthorized person can be accurately detected and reported. This
embodiment can be utilized inside the facility or outside the
facility.
[0129] In an embodiment, the transmission detection,
identification, and reporting system 100 may allow for cell phone
owner discrimination. The system may provide for the allowance of
authorized cell phones within the prohibited area. The system may
detect and identify each cell phone and compare the cell phone
identity to the allowed cell phone user list. The system may record
all phone use and may automatically alert the facility of all
prohibited cell phone use. In addition, each cell phone detection
event may be identified with a unique identifier and time code, to
ensure proper identification. The CCTV system may also be
integrated to ensure greater accuracy identifying illegal use of
wireless transmission devices.
[0130] The cell scan-1 detection system 1000, shown in FIG. 10, is
an embodiment of a system for detecting signals of a transmission
facility. Antenna 104 receives transmission signals from wireless
transmission device (not shown). Antenna 104 may operate, for
example in the range of 2.4 GHz with a bandwidth of 465 MHz The
received signals are then provided to a low pass filter and a log
amplifier, wherein the level of amplification is based on the input
level of the input signal. The amplified signal is next provided to
a shaping filter and an operational amplifier. The amplified
signals are provided to an analog-to-digital (ADC) converter and
provided to a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Information
from the FPGA may be provided to a microprocessor to supplement the
processing and control imposed by the FPGA. The FPGA may receive
information from dedicated frequency bands (e.g., 900 MHz) or from
known wireless protocols (e.g., 802.15.4). The microprocessor may
then determine whether a detected transmission facility, for
example is a person with a transmission facility (e.g., wristband,
a cell phone) and may allow or prevent that person from accessing
an area. The microprocessor may also alert the central unit of the
persons entering or desire to enter a restricted area. In another
embodiment, if the transmission facility, for example, is a cell
phone and the cell phone was in use within a restricted area, the
cell phone would be identified by the central unit as being in a
restricted area, then the system will determine whether the cell
phone is authorized or not authorized, then the system would make a
determination, based upon set rules whether to allow or disallow
the transmission unit within the restricted area.
[0131] The cell scan-1 detection system 1000, shown in FIG. 10, is
an embodiment of a system for detecting signals of a transmission
facility. An antenna 104 receives wireless transmission facilities
in a 2.4 GHz band, with a 465 MHz antenna. In other aspects, the
detection system may detect signals in other frequency bands, for
example, 933 MHz, 433 Mhz, 2.4 GHz and other known frequencies. The
detected signals are provided to High and Low band RF filter. The
RF filters (band pass filter) isolate sets of frequencies for
greater sensitivity. For example, the received signals may be
provided to a low band RF filter to isolate low band RF signals and
high band RF filters to isolate high band RF signals. The isolated
RF signals are provided to Log Amplifiers that amplify or boost the
signals using known amplification methods. The switch between two
Wi-Fi frequencies switches all three wireless signal inputs into a
log amp circuit and then to a smoothing filter to clean up the
signals to be analyzed. The signals are then provided to an
Operational Amplifier (Op Amp) which amplifies the received analog
signal. The amplified RF signal is then processed through an A/D
converter which changes the signal into a digital signal. The
signal is then processed in a processing unit (in this case a
dedicated Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)) and the results are
then transmitted via a dedicated 2.4 GHz transceiver unit. The 2.4
GHz transceiver unit has several other applications, and is used to
transmit and receive communication information and to connect to
external Wi-Fi communication devices. An example of this is an
education system for inmates, medical monitoring equipment in a
hospital application, an interactive ID for safe school
applications. The 900 MHz transceiver unit is for sync-ing the
sensors. The 465 MHz transceiver unit is for communication with
inmates bracelets and Staff (personal alarm system) as is further
discussed in the aforementioned related patent applications. The
lower frequency of the 465 MHz unit also provides better wall
penetration and alternative wireless communication device with
better wall penetration. In another embodiment, the front end of
the signal detection circuit an amplifier (e.g., 0-40 dB gain) is
added before the RF filter (for example an 824-849 MHz RF filter)
to provide for greater sensitivity. In additional, a mixer and
Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) (not shown) is added after the
RF filter. The output of the mixer is an IF (intermediate)
frequency that is amplified and then provided to a band pass filter
(e.g., a 200 MHz filter with a bandwidth of 4 MHZ). The signal is
then amplified and then provided to the Log Amp then to an Op Amp
and then to threads (A/D). Depending on the noise floor (which is
determined by proper grounding), one with an understanding of RF
circuitry would know to have proper impedance matching between
components, and will utilize transformer(s) where appropriate. The
IF section's general parameters are 70 MHz to 350 MHz and
sensitivity is related to frequency and the width of the band pass
filter. As would be appreciated, the tighter the width of the band
pass, the greater the sensitivity. In another embodiment, the
VCO/mixer maybe fixed and the IF band pass filter may be the
bandwidth of a desired frequency providing for faster detection
without the need to scan. Additionally the greater the dynamic
range of the sensor system the greater accuracy and resolution in
determining the exact location of the transmission facility.
[0132] In an embodiment as shown in FIG. 10, the processing section
may be placed on a separate board, this provides for multiple
sensors front ends utilizing one back end processing unit. This
provide for more cost effective sensors and versatility of assets.
This also allows for specific functionality such as antenna array
directional location and angle tri-angulation being synchronized to
at least one processing unit. It is also anticipated the more
expensive processing component be shared such a transmission signal
decoding, data analysis, communications and the like.
[0133] The cell scan-2 detection system 1100, shown in FIG. 11,
shows an alternate embodiment of a system for detecting a signal of
a transmission facility. The RF filters (i.e., band pass filter)
isolate sets of frequencies for greater sensitivity, in this
example a low band cell phone signals and high band cell phone
signals. The operation of the elements in FIG. 11 is similar to
that of FIG. 10 and need not be discussed in detail herein.
[0134] The main board system 1200, shown in FIG. 12, is an
embodiment of a main circuit board within a system for detecting
transmission facilities. The system may be used to determine each
signal received is an actual cell phone signal and not a spurious
output. Thus, a test may need to be performed that checks for the
`persistence` of the received signal. A persistence test may run a
timer 1202 for a minimum required time that may be nearly as long
as the time of the shortest signal type expected. If the signal is
present at the end of the timeout period, it is less likely to be a
spurious response and more likely that it is a cell phone output.
For example, if a GSM signal of 500 microseconds long is the
shortest duration signal of all the cell phone protocols received,
the persistence test may run for 450 microseconds to further ensure
that the received signal is not merely a spurious response.
[0135] The sub-station system 1300, shown in FIG. 13, is an
embodiment of a sub-station in a system for detecting transmission
facilities.
[0136] FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment of a null detector (1400),
wherein the VCO in FIG. 14 tunes to known antenna frequencies and
the system detects a null in the known antenna frequencies in which
the antenna is detected. In embodiments, the null detection system
may detect the presence of a transmission facility even when the
transmission facility is not transmitting a signal. In embodiments,
a hand held or mounted null detection device may be used in a
correctional institution or other government facility. In
embodiments, null detection may utilize a transmission-detection
source, independent of the transmission source being detected,
which is capable of sweeping across the frequency spectrum of
interest and receiving its returning signal. The transmission
source sweeps the spectrum of interest, searching for distortions
in the returned field. Distortions in the spectrum may be due to
the presence of an antenna of a transmission facility 202.
[0137] In embodiments of the system described herein, detection
levels may be determined by which output levels are possible with
the various cell phone technologies that are in use today. Since
the system described is an amplitude system, the strongest and
weakest possible signals must be determined in order to identify
the system's required dynamic range. Cell phone signals vary from
-22 dBW to 6 dBW and this range defines the detection requirements
of the system. This translates to a maximum signal of 4.0 Watts at
the antenna. The minimum value is equal to 0.006 Watts or 6
milliwatts. Therefore, the dynamic range required is -52 dBm to +36
dBm. In order to achieve such a dynamic range, an amplifier that is
gain adjustable is required such that with an input value of +36
dBm, the amplifier is not saturated.
[0138] In the embodiment, the system determines the characteristics
required to ensure that each cell phone is correctly identified.
The amplitude of each signal is determined which allows the system
to determine which sensor has received the largest signal. The
system time stamps each data sample so that other sensors receiving
the same signal will be recognized as such when the data is
presented for analysis. Each sensor analyzes the wave shape of the
signal detected. Each transmission type (i.e., CDMA2000, PCS, TDMA,
GSM, IS-95, etc.) has a unique wave shape. These wave shapes allow
the analysis software to recognize that signals seen in different
parts of a facility can be associated with each other (using time
and wave shape) and the signal that consistently contains the
largest amplitude will be identified as closest to the cell phone
transmission
[0139] In embodiments of the invention, signals directed toward an
IED (improvised explosive device) may be intercepted, identified
and denied service. Such interception may be up to a known range in
forward and side quadrants. The identification and determination of
the position of the person or persons using a satellite phone
and/or land-based cell phone may be determined. Cell phones, as
well as other RF devices, e.g., garage door openers, walkie-talkie,
etc., may be captured, identified and/or jammed that are attempting
to activate or contact the IED.
[0140] In embodiments of the invention, when a cell phone, for
example, is on, but not in an active communication, the cell phone
is essentially invisible to anyone attempting to monitor cell phone
activity. In order to be aware of the existence of such "on but not
transmitting devices" the system described herein operates as a
cell tower. That is, the system actively addresses the problem of
cell phone detection by operating (becoming) the tower. A vehicle
with similar (but modified equipment to that of a cell tower) may
actively poll the area of phones that are "on but not in a
communication of any sort.--The vehicle (i.e., Pseudo Tower)
collects the current database of active phones and those phones in
standby from the tower(s) in the area and uses this data base to
poll these phones in order to locate them. Once potential phones
that could be possible detonation cell phones are identified and
located, the Pseudo Tower would affect a handoff and make itself
the active tower. Thus, the captured cell phones are not allowed to
rotate back to (i.e., connect to) the local cell phone tower,
insuring that any calls attempting to communicate with the
detonation cell phone will not be sent. As one of the goals is to
identify the person who is attempting to contact the detonation
cell phone, a call history of each suspect cell phone may be
analyzed.
[0141] When a caller attempts to activate an IED, the caller's
presence can be identified. Furthermore, the call being made is not
forwarded to the detonation cell phone and the IED will not be
activated. By determining a peak angle (triangulation) the caller's
cell phone/satellite phone signal, the direction of the caller is
then known. Direction identification is performed by using a
technique such an interferometry. In this case, multiple antennas
employing interferometry may be used to scan through the current
cell phone traffic identifying first, candidate threats and then,
pinpointing high probability locations which can be viewed through
a high powered binoculars to determine whether the candidate is in
need of investigation. Criteria for determining which cell
locations may be threats is a pole or road sign, etc. The Pseudo
Tower may continue controlling all of the phones in the area,
preventing any forwarding of calls until all possible threats have
been cleared. At this point, the personnel have the option of going
after the caller or deactivating the IED, or both. It would be
possible to clear the area and detonate the device later if that is
a desired plan of action.
[0142] Given the varying parameters by which detonation can take
place, the Pseudo Tower may also be designed to deny service to any
active and inactive phone within a given geographical area and
pinpoint the location of said phones.
[0143] Satellite cell phone transmission presents a somewhat
different problem. Since the transmission from phone to satellite
to phone is communicated to a number of satellites, becoming a
replacement for the satellite will require cooperation from the
provider. Via one or more specific codes, the satellites may be
told that the vehicle mounted satellite simulator (i.e., Pseudo
Tower) will be taking over the control of phones within a certain
radius. Since this is a moving or ever changing circle, the
replacement "satellite" will have to continuously update the actual
satellite of its position and which phones are being released and
which phones are being controlled. Once this function has been
implemented, the control of the suspect phones is similar to that
of the cell phone. Determining the caller's position and the
location of the detonation phone is as above.
[0144] FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment of a Cell Phone Detection,
Control and Position Identification system (1500) in accordance
with the principles of the invention which comprises cell phone
jammer (1501) system that covers at least one of the known
frequency ranges assigned to cell phone or mobile communication
devices. In this embodiment to cover all the known frequencies and
also used to stimulate wireless communication devices, a Power Unit
(1502) provides the necessary power to run all the units within the
Cell Phone Detection, Control and Position Identification system
1500, Satellite Cell Phone Interface 1503 operates as an interface
and communications unit between the Cell Phone Detection, Control
and Position Identification system 1500 and a satellite cell phone
provider (not shown), a Cell Phone Ground Interface unit 1504,
which includes base station technology for all communication
devices operating within an area of interest. Also shown is an
optional 300-350 MHz Jammer unit (1505) that operates to jam
communication devices that communicate through an intermediary
device, such as door openers, Walkie-Talkies and the like. It is
anticipated that the system described herein is to be modular and
expandable to cover the entire frequency spectrum in which
transmission facilities (cell phones, mobile communications
devices) operate. The Computer Command I/O, User Display and
Interface 1506, comprises a communication, command and control
system (C.sup.3) that manages communication, command and control of
the detection system 1500. Unit 1506 may further comprise one or
more databases, and/or processes to execute the processing
described, herein. Although not shown it would be appreciated that
Command I/O unit 1506 may be in communication, via a public or
private network, to one or more devices to provide information to
or obtain information from remote sites (not shown).
[0145] FIG. 16 Illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a
Cell Phone and Wireless Transmission Detection Facility in
accordance with the principles of the invention. In the illustrated
embodiment 1600, antenna 1602 is a multi-band directional array
that operates to detect signals in a low band and in a high band
(835 and 1.85 GHz range, respectively), a two way radio band (465
MHz), a Wi-Fi, a Bluetooth band (2.5 GHz) and PAL (Personal Alarm
Locator) band (950 MHz). In the illustrated embodiment, the antenna
connects to two components, first to a detector (1603) and also to
a decoder (1604). The detector 1603 and decoder 1604 decodes the
PAL Identification signal and may further decode biometric
information, emergency information. In other embodiments, detector
1603 and decoder 1604 are configured to decode cell phone
identifications. Antenna 1602 provides detected signals to a 6 way
input switch (1605). The output of switch 1605 is connected to a
wideband RF amplifier (1606). Wideband RF amplifier 1606 represents
a variable gain amplifier that adjusts the detected signal
amplitude based on the band in which a detected signal is detected
by antenna 1602. In another aspect of the invention switch 1605 may
be connected to a block gain amplifier (not shown) to provide
amplification of the detected signal and the amplified detected
signal may then be provided to a corresponding RF filter based on
the frequency band of the detected frequency.
[0146] The wideband RF amplifier 1606 is connected to a Logarithmic
amplifier 1607 (i.e., log amp) that amplifies the received or
detected signal using a logarithmic function. Log amplifiers are
well-known in the art to provide a larger amplification of a weak
signal and a smaller amplification of a strong signal. The output
of Log amplifier 1607 is provided to an Operational amplifier
(OpAmp) 1608. The OpAmp 1608 amplifies the input signal and
provides the amplified input signal to an A/D converter 1609 for
conversion of the input analog signal to a digital signal. The
converted (i.e., digital) signal is then provided to a FPGA (Field
Programmable Gate Array) 1610 for subsequent processing. FPGA 1610
controls the operation of the illustrated Cell Phone and Wireless
Transmission Detection Facility 1600 through feedback signals to
switch 1605, for example. FPGA 1610 controls which signal frequency
band and signal frequency is evaluated in what sequence. In the
illustrated embodiment, FPGA 1610 communicates with the other
sensors and/or access points via a communication interface 1612. In
one aspect of the invention, communication interface 1612 may
communicate with one or more wireless communication devices that
operate using well-known IEEE wireless standard communication
protocols (e.g., 802.15 and 802.11). In another embodiment, the
communication interface may operate as a transceiver
(transmitter/receiver) that may interface with two-way wireless
transmission devices such as Walkie-Talkie or cellular telephone
phones. The FPGA 1610 also interfaces with a microprocessor 1613,
e.g., a Zilog Z86, an Intel xx86 series, Motorola Power
PC.Processor 1613 may assist in the decoding, and operation of the
Cell Phone and Wireless Transmission Detection Facility 1600. FPGA
1610 and the microprocessor 1613 may be synchronized by a crystal
clock 1614. In other embodiments of the invention, the
communications may be via a category 5 network interface connection
in conjunction to the communication Interface 1612. Although an
FPGA is referred to and illustrated in the embodiment of the
invention, it would be recognized by those skilled in the art that
the processing described by the FPGA may also be performed in other
specific processor or processors (e.g., ASIC) or in a general
purpose processor, which when loaded with and executing an
applicable software module converts the general purpose processor
into a special purpose processor. As would be recognized, the
system shown in FIG. 16 is similar to those shown in FIGS. 10 and
11.
[0147] Returning to the embodiment of the Cell Phone Detection,
Control, and Position Identification system shown in FIG. 15,
control of a wireless communication device (i.e., transmission
facility 202) may utilize jammers, and/or transmitter to either
prevent the wireless communication device to receive or transmit
information (preventing the triggering of the device).
Additionally, the jammer/transmitter may be used to stimulate the
transmission device and force the transmission device to re-acquire
the base station technology, Wi-Fi, and 3rd party. In this example,
when the wireless communication device re-acquires the base station
technology, it will attach to our base station (Pseudo-tower). To
ensure wireless communication device acquires our base stations as
opposed to the network's base station, we provide greater signal
strength drawing the wireless communication device to our base
station. To facilitate the manipulation of incoming calls, the base
station in FIG. 15 is backhauled to the actual wireless
communication provider. This will provide for the ability to
intercept all incoming calls, identify who the callers are and
triangulate where those calls are originating from. In this
embodiment, it is anticipated the incoming caller is in visual
range as the detonation device. The signal detection sensors are
deployed to locate the triggering communication device, as well the
detonating device. Another method in this embodiment to acquire
wireless communications is to raise the signal strength of the base
station, in which the target wireless communication device sees the
greater signal and automatically acquires the greater signal. The
goal of this embodiment is to acquire, control, and obtain location
and/or to stimulate a wireless communication device, which may be,
in an active, non-transmitting, state or in a standby state, then
to take control of said device, and prevent the device from
detonating the IED. Additionally, this embodiment is designed to
jam all communications devices in which control in not possible; an
example would be the car door opener device. In a preferred
embodiment, such as in 3G and 4G technology, an example is a UMTS
communication device, where encryption keys are required to
communicate with cellular devices and there is an interest to
control such devices, such as in a prison environment, and the
Communication Control unit is not connected, and/or not being
provided the encryption keys to communicate with the devices, and
the system is not looking to disrupt the Commercial Cellular
network, providing a greater signal then the commercial carrier, on
the same frequency, signal and with or without the same scrambling
codes (Pilot Information) as the commercial cellular network, the
cellular device will attempt to communicate with the Communication
Control unit emulating a UMTS radio (without encryption keys), the
cellular device will determine it cannot communicate and then is
forced to a 2G protocol, then the system, can capture the cellular
device and control it. One of the downsides to this technique, when
the cellular device is trying to communicate with the Communication
Control unit, the cellular device broadcasts its inability to
communicate with the Communication Control unit, this signal is
picked up by the Commercial Cellular network and the commercial
cellular network's Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) are degraded.
To prevent this, in a preferred embodiment, jamming the uplink of
the cellular device preventing the device from communicating to the
Commercial Cellular network and/or modifying and instructing the
cellular device's Maximum Allowed Uplink Transmit Power to -50 dB
and the Inter-frequency Neighbor Cell Maximum Allowed Uplink Power
to -50 dB, will prevent the commercial cellular network from
receiving the cellular devices signal and thus not distributing the
commercial cellular network's Key Performance Indicators
(KPIs).
[0148] The embodiment shown in FIG. 15 utilizes a high level of
signal detection sensitivity to detect the presence of a wireless
communication device (transmission facility) within a known
distance from the transmission detection facility. In this
embodiment, the application is interested in two distinct
communication devices; 1) the detonation device; 2) the trigger of
the detention device. To take control of the detonation device,
understanding the communications of that device and the
communications device's access point is important. The control
software is designed to first detect wireless communication devices
in the zone of interest, in this application (a roadside
application) the signal sensor provides a variable gain component
with gain control over 60 dB range with approximately -40 dB
attenuation and +20 dB gain. (see FIG. 16). This ability varies the
sensitivity, depending on the type of wireless communication
detected, and provide a safe and adequate distance from potential
IED. The transmitter module also has a variable gain output to
stimulate and jam different distances depending on specific
applications. Furthermore, the base station transceiver technology
provides viable gain to increase and/or decrease the capture radius
as desired. Once the wireless communications devices within the
area of interest are captured by the base station, the system
concentrates on the trigger wireless communication device. The same
methods as described above are used to detect and hone-in on the
triggering device. All sensors and transceivers have Omni- and
directional-capability, which increases their versatility. As
mentioned earlier, signal power is a critical component when
dealing with wireless transmission devices, the communication
protocol typically, by design, causes communication with the
largest available signal source. Typically, this is the closest
source (i.e., base station), in our case, we are interested in all
wireless communications devices within the area of interest to be
controlled by our base station technology.
[0149] In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the
jammer units 1501 may jam or interfere with one or more frequencies
or frequency bands to force wireless communication device within a
local area to lose contact with an available base station and/or
access point and to reacquire a connection to a local base station
cell tower and/or access point. When the transmission facility
(wireless communication device) initiates a process (referred to as
handshake) to re-acquire a communication link with the available
local base station cell tower, the communication link is diverted
to, and re-acquired by, the detection system 1500 (which is
referred to as a pseudo-base station) due to the greater signal
power of the pseudo-base station or taking the actual base station
and/or access point off-line. In another aspect of the invention,
the pseudo-base station power is raised so as to be greater than
actual cell tower signal strength. The signal detection sensors
monitor the signal strength of the actual cell tower output to the
wireless communication devices and increases the transceiver output
of the pseudo-base station to provide an adequate difference
between the actual base station and the pseudo-base station to
transfer the wireless communication device from one base station to
another. Thus, the cell phone, for example, will transition to the
larger signal strength of the pseudo-base station and establish a
communication with the pseudo base station. In a further aspect of
the invention, the pseudo-base station may actively poll the area
for cell phone (transmission facilities), and trigger the cell
phones within an area of interest to cause the cell phones within
the area to attach to the pseudo-base station.
[0150] In one aspect of the invention, where the application is to
control the transmission facility within a local area, and to
prevent communications from reaching the transmission facility of
interest, the pseudo-base station may deny transmission of signals
from the transmission facility to an actual base station or deny
transmission of signals from the base station to the transmission
facility. As mentioned earlier, in the latter case, backhauling the
pseudo-base station to the local carrier network will allow for the
positive identification of the triggering device, while still
denying the ability to detonate the IED.
[0151] In an embodiment of the invention where it is important to
identify and not control the transmission facility within an area
of interest providing greater power, polling, control line request,
interleaving existing towers and/or jamming to force the
transmission facility to communicate its identification parameters.
In this embodiment of the invention, gaining control of the cell
phone (or wireless communication device or transmission facility)
within the area of interest allows the system to prevent incoming
and/or outgoing communications. Thus, as the wireless communication
device is re-acquiring a communication link with the access point
or base station, the wireless communication device provides its
identification information that positively identifies each
transmission facility within the area of interest. This
identification information may be provided to the actual cell tower
provider, which uses this information to individually disable the
cell phone (transmission facility) from receiving or transmitting
data, voice and/or communicating in any manner.
[0152] In an embodiment, the detection system 1000 (see FIG. 10) is
synchronized with an access point, and/or base station technology.
This synchronization allows the tracking and positive
identification of each transmission facility within an area of
interest. In this example, the transmission facility of interest (a
triggering device) may be connected to or trying to communicate
with another transmission facility, such as a cell phone or a land
line phone.
[0153] In an embodiment, of the Cell Phone Detection, Control, and
Position Identification System shown in FIG. 15, determines the
identification of an incoming caller based on information contained
in the transmission signal and does not allow connection to the
wireless network while determining the location of the caller by
triangulating the caller from a plurality of detected signals and
tracks the caller thereafter. In this embodiment of the invention,
the system shown in FIG. 15 disables the wireless device from
receiving or transmitting signals from/to the wireless network and
tracks the caller using the wireless device. The Cell Phone
Detection, Control, and Position Identification System described in
FIG. 15 also has the capacity to track wireless transmission
facilities from great distances, and in this application, the
system is mobile, therefore, tracking the caller. In one aspect of
the invention, where the cell phone or transmission facility
information is known, as determined through its communication with
a pseudo-base station, for example, additional information can be
gathered, requested and/or, extracted from the cell phone or
transmission facility. Information such as other transmission
devices, cell phones, etc., that have been contacted or which have
data transferred may be gathered, requested and/or extracted.
[0154] In an embodiment where information redundancy and positive
authorization is important and positive identification is critical,
the tools used in a school bus safety application egress point and
school tracking system have direct applicability to positive
identification of personnel and prison system automation, cost
effectively tracking and monitoring lower threat classified inmates
and staff and inmate safety. Safety application and tracking
systems are more fully disclosed in the aforementioned related
patent applications, whose contents are incorporated by reference
herein. In an embodiment Cell Phone Detection, Control, and
Position Identification System, the tools and application described
may include facial and voice recognition, retina scan technology,
card swipe, fingerprint analysis, in preventing escapes and
misidentification within a prison environment. Classification of an
inmate is a key component to safety within a correctional
environment.
[0155] In an embodiment where positive identification of the
transmission facility 202 and positive identification of the user
of the transmission facility 202 is important, as discussed earlier
hand-held detection units 408 detector decoding module (and or
chipset) or a hand-held detection units 408 in sync with the
pseudo-base station/wireless access point module provides the
location and the identification of the transmission facility 202 or
in this case, for example a cell phone or a 802.xx (e.g.,
802.11a/b/g/n, 802.15) communication device. In corrections
facilities, outside areas of the facility, for example, represent a
large area and the like. For example, like Angola state prison,
where inmates and visitors and staff work, a close-circuit
television (CCTV) in synchronization with, or in communication,
with the hand-held detection units 408 allows the CCTV to focus on
the user of the cell phone. The CCTV system feeds images to the
facial recognition software and a database of all known personal
and/or inmates, to find a match and/or create an entry of new found
cell phone and their owner's and/or user's identity. In the case of
a prison application, building a database of know criminals, their
associates and biometric information, including facial recognition,
for data mining purposes is critical. An example is where inmates
are passing contraband and using cell phones to coordinate their
efforts. Where positive identification of the transmission facility
202 and positive identification of the user of the transmission
facility 202 is important, utilizing cell phone identification,
location tracking and positive identify of the criminals involved
is crucial to preventing and stopping their criminal
enterprise.
[0156] In another embodiment and application where positive
identification of the transmission facility 202 and positive
identification of the user of the transmission facility 202 is
important, as discussed earlier the hand-held detection units 408
detector/decoding module (and or chipset) or a hand-held detection
units 408 in sync with the Pseudo-base station/wireless access
point module provides the location, in school safety where a
student's location and a perpetrator who preys on school students,
the tagging of visitors, student and employees is critical. In this
application, CCTV and facial recognition, for data mining purposes
of student, facility visitors (wanted or unwanted) is critical. In
another embodiment, a biometric detection device is deployed to
positively identify people. This device may include several devices
to determine unique characteristics of a person, fingerprint, IRIS
scan, and DNA detection. These biometric system are built to detect
passively, e.g., the fingerprint detection device can be built into
door handles in large building and other egress points. The DNA
detector can be deployed in turnstile doors and egress points
pressured air and vacuum systems can funnel the biometric
identifiers to the DNA receptors for analysis. Each embodiment of
the biometric applications will be outlined in detail for
implementation.
[0157] In embodiments, a method of detecting, identifying and
tracking the movements of a specific transmission facility 202 in
standby requires provoking and/or requiring the transmission
facility to transmit a signal and to detect its unique
identification. As discussed and explained previously, a hand-held
detection units 408 with an integrated identification
detector/decoding module (and or identification chipset module)
and/or a hand-held detection units 408 which functions in
conjunction base station and/or wireless access point technology,
blocking and/or jamming technique in concert of the identification
function provides the tools to detect the transmission facility,
track its location, and to detect its unique identification.
Tracking all transmission facilities and making positive
identification of all communications, utilizing CORI and SORI
databases of known perpetrator of students to detect when a threat
is near, around or in a school facility is critical to school
safety.
[0158] In the embodiment of FIG. 15, an interface with existing
communication devices, such as a wireless cell phone provider or
Wi-Fi access provider, may be provided. The interface which will
allow and/or deny control is executed by the wireless provider.
[0159] In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the detector units (not shown)
may include an antenna and a controlling unit, where matching the
transmission facilities 202 with its unique identifier is critical
for proper identification, tracking and control in this
configuration, the detector units may individually control or may
direct control over the transmission facilities 202.
[0160] FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment, where it is the intention
to run an automated prison to lower the necessary number of
personnel and still run a safe and secure facility.
[0161] In this embodiment, where there is limited, corrections
personnel, all cells will be designed to allow outdoor access and
unit access.
[0162] In this embodiment, for medical reasons all inmates will
wear two transmission detection sensors.
[0163] In this embodiment, the wireless communication of the
sensors will also carry education information and data to each of
the inmate cells.
[0164] In this embodiment where inmate programs, services,
commissary, inmate phones, medicine distribution, vending machines,
GED education, need to be inmate specific, positive identification
is a critical must.
[0165] In other embodiment, the transmission facility is a cell
phone, PDA or a Wi-Fi appliance, the education display system is an
interactive display screen in a school telling the school
supervisors that one or more students or personnel needs to turn
off his cell phone, or a hospital advising a specific visitor by
name, that cell phone, even in standby, may cause harm the medical
devices being used to treat patients or the transmission facility
provides information to the transmission facility detector of a
unique identifier of the transmission facility via an interactive
screen on the road side to tell a user to slow down as he is
speeding. These are just examples of uses of the system
illustrated. In addition, the system illustrated may be connected
to any data mining database (not shown) to provide customized
information to any transmission facility and specific information
to a uniquely identified transmission facility.
[0166] In an embodiment where the classification of inmates is such
where many inmates can co-exist in an inside and outside (minimum
security, non-violent, criminals and the like) the use of CCTV,
facial recognition and laser microphone, and inmate tracking and a
database driven set of rules and parameters, coupled with the
combine technologies mentioned in this application provides the
solutions to reduce the number of employees while maintaining a
high level of safety and security.
[0167] In another embodiment, positive identification is critical
to public safety within a correctional environment, understanding
an inmate's relationship with other inmates, staff and their prior
acts, impacts the safety and security of the institution. Outside a
correctional facility authenticated positive identification and the
system's ability to cross reference that person's positive
identification through fingerprints, facial and voice recognition,
retina scan technology, and DNA with his personal data and data set
identify his family, his friends, his acquaintances, associations,
and their relationship to criminal act and the ability to cross
reference the subject's information with criminal records, prior
bad acts, and local unsolved crimes, place of residence, place of
work, habits, trends, and mode of operations, court records, and
prior incidents. When investigating a crime, a subject's favorite
bar, hangouts, friends, relatives, associations, travel patterns,
home address, places where they spend money, work address, family
and friends, home address and work address and the like, become
critical to investigate whether they are involved with or have
committed a crime. In one embodiment of the wireless transmission
tracking and identification system, the data key will be the unique
identifier of the known person and all transmission facilities
associated with that person will be mined and tied to that person.
In an analysis, data key is determining positive identification of
the transmission facility and positive identification of the person
carrying the transmission facility. The data key is the unique
identifier when a known person of interest is identified. In an
embodiment an overlay of all criminal activity within an area, all
known locations of all known, criminals and criminal associates, is
overlaid with all transmission facilities, within the area and
crossed reference with time and location looking for matches and
time and location intersection points. All objects entering and/or
leaving the area in the time of interest will be identified and
cataloged in reference to the incident.
[0168] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the program
develops the flow of how the data is compiled and dissected, the
DNA is sorted, the suspects' DNA is compared to the crime scene and
know all of the partial matches, determining who their relatives
are wherein the program uses all the data and cross references of
all people in the area and drills down on all people at the scene
within a prescribed window of time. The program searches their
phone records to determine who they have called, texted, then
checks their criminal records, and their associates criminal
records. The programs categorizes their criminal behavior, learns
behavior and patterns of like incidents. The program gathers from
the devices and sensors identification information on victim,
witnesses and suspects, their voice, facial, fingerprints, wireless
communication. The program drills down for database matches,
Identifies all parties present and identifies all wireless
communications, DNA, video, voice identification from crime scene
and the like. The program correlates the identity of the victim,
the perpetrator(s), and co-perpetrators, to identify co-victims,
identify witnesses and cross references for positive identification
of all parties present. The tracking of the cellular devices and
the overlay of the incident are tied together on a timeline by the
program. If positive, identification of perpetrator(s) may be
sufficient to make an arrest. If lack of information on
participants remains, the program expands time around criminal act
until information is more useful. The program reverse tracks the
movements of the victim(s) and looks for intersection sections with
perpetrator(s). The program expands the search prior and post of
the incident including all wireless communications movement and
movement in and around that area, cars, pedestrians, each time
cross-referencing the relationship of victim, witnesses and
potential perpetrators. The program exams each victim, parses all
known data on said victim, criminal records, place of work,
relationship to perpetrator (phone calls, common address, common
acquaintances, hangouts). The iterative process program cross
references datasets of causal connections, relationships to the
relationship of the perpetrator. Using the DNA records of all known
criminals, the programs then looks at the relatives of suspects and
the like, until a cross reference of the victim, and the suspects
can be positively identified.
[0169] In another embodiment and application where positive
identification of the transmission facility 202 and positive
identification of the users of the transmission facility 202 is
important, in school safety where of all students' locations and a
perpetrator who preys on school students, the tagging of visitors,
(see wristband technology) students, the visitors and their
employees is critical. In this application, digital camera, CCTV
facial and voice recognition, provides for a positive
identification of all wears and users of wireless communication
devices and the like. Verifying all people and all movement being
tracked is the first step, verifying that all people who are being
tracked are positively being identified; verifying all positively
identified people are not a danger to the students. In this
embodiment full motion/motion activated cameras with voice and
facial recognition software and a database of all known persons
capability. Where tracking cameras have full coverage of all
schools and/or areas of concern, when movement is detected, CCTV
units verifies identity, sensors identify transmission facilities,
database and data mining verifies information and the like. As an
example when a person triggers a camera identification trap, the
following occurs; 1) the signal detection sensors monitor and the
system stimulate all wireless communications for unique
identifiers; 2) if wristband/ID matches facial recognition software
and a database of all known persons database (positive facial
recognition and positive tracking intact; 3) if no wristband, is
wireless communication present; a) if yes, does wireless
communication and facial recognition match; b) if yes, then
database lookup of person equal danger; c) if yes, or unknown,
sound alarm; d) if no, communicate via wireless communication
device and request they return to front office to receive
badge.
[0170] The embodiment includes an allowance unit which determines
who is allowed within the facility and/or area and who is suspect
and who is a known danger. Tracking all transmission facilities and
making positive identification of all communications and the holder
of those communication devices. Once positive identification is
obtained, data mining may include, RMV, NCIC, W3, CORI and SORI,
student databases, historical student and visitor databases and the
like.
[0171] In embodiments, a method of detecting, identifying and
tracking the movements of a specific transmission facility 202 in
standby requires provoking and/or requiring the transmission
facility to transmit a signal and to detect and identify its unique
identification. As discussed and explained earlier, a hand-held
detection units 408 with an integrated identification
detector/decoding module (and or identification chipset module)
and/or a hand-held detection units 408 which functions in
conjunction base station and/or wireless access point technology,
in which the base station unit (and or pseudo-base station)
increases and/or decreases its output power to provoke a wireless
transmission to acquire and/or re-acquire a new base station,
during the handshake the unique identifier of the wireless
communication can be intercepted and/or read/obtained. In other
embodiments blocking and/or jamming a wireless communications
signal with an access point/base station and/or tower forces the
wireless communication device to acquire and/or reacquire a base
station and/or access point. In a roadside bomb embodiment,
calculating the actual tower's power, then increasing the
pseudo-base station's signal power to a factor X greater than the
actual tower will manipulate the cell phone to reacquire the
detection systems pseudo-base station. At the same time increasing
the jamming signal to an a factor X greater than the actual tower,
will force the cell phone off line and will cause the cell phone to
trigger the IED, if the IED is set to explode when jamming is
occurred, then if the phone is a connection to triggered IED,
allowing the cell phone to acquire the pseudo-base station whose
signal power has been increases to a factor X greater than the
actual tower's provides for a capture of the triggering cell phone
and an ability to go after the trigger man as described in this
application. Other methods include the base station requesting the
wireless transmission facility to reacquire and provide a handshake
methodology or a control line request, or a stimulating signal,
having at least one similar characteristic of the network base
station, which requires a wireless communication device in standby
to acquire/re-acquire an access point and/or base station. This
methodology in concert of the identification function provides the
tools to detect the transmission facility, track its location, and
to detect its unique identification. As discussed above the
detector units may include an antenna(s) 104 and a controlling
unit, that are externally integrated with the transmission
detection, controlling, identification, and reporting system 1500,
where matching the transmission facilities 202 with its unique
identifier is critical for proper identification, tracking and
location matching of the transmission facility 202 may be
accomplished through the time of signal arrival, phone type,
transmission frequency, time division separation, time sync,
channel frequency, cell tower identifier, (cell phone) transmission
facility identifier or a combination of one or more methodologies
depending on complexity and transmission facility 202 environment
and the like. In an embodiment in which the unique identifier is
encoded the tracking principle works the same, each unique
identifier whether encode or decoded will be tracked.
[0172] In an earlier application, we described methods to
positively identify and track and control cell phones and other
transmission facilities, it is also known in the art how to utilize
voice and facial recognition technology. Here we will describe
methodologies to positively identify and track people and their
vehicles through their transmission facilities. In an embodiment,
each time a transmission is located, its position, and
identification will be confirmed. As in a prison facility, each
location of the transmission facility will be monitored by a CCTV
camera and this information and data will be stored and each
digital frame will be analyzed to determine whether positive
identification can be determined. All data will be stored in a
depositary where the key to the data set is the transmission
facility unique identifier. The person and/or vehicle associated
with the transmission facility unique identifier will be cross
referenced by disparate database, for example Department of Motor
Vehicles (DMV) records and Criminal History Record System (CHRS),
transmission facility purchasing information records (most stores
in which disposable cell phones are purchased have cameras) and the
like.
[0173] In an embodiment, at each egress point of the facility,
distinct areas within a facility, for example, a prison, or a bank,
each transmission facility is identified and each egress point has
CCTV and facial recognition and if located, its position, and its
identification will be confirmed. A set of processes are developed
to determine the positive identification of the carrier of the
transmission facility and link the wireless transmission to the
person's identification. In an embodiment to properly identify all
people carrying the tracked wireless communications, the use of
facial recognition, voice recognition, biometric detection, is
deployed to positively identify the persons and/or person carrying
the wireless communications. In an embodiment the camera system
focuses on all faces and provides a positive facial recognition,
wherein the information is cataloged with the wireless transmission
information. In an embodiment the camera identification system can
be one of many types, for example digital, pan and tilt, w/180
degree focus and the like.
[0174] In an embodiment, to combat high crime districts, curb gang
violence, a cell phone (wireless transmission) detection, location
and tracking system can be deployed throughout a large city. Each
wireless device can be stimulated and tracked throughout the city.
This information can be overlaid with criminal history records,
Department of Motor Vehicles, parole and probation information,
including where each known person of interest lives and works,
where their associates live and work, and an overlay of all current
and previous crime activity. In another embodiment the camera
system identifies all not moving objects within its coverage area
and catalogs the area identifying all fixed objects. The camera is
equipped with several tools; laser finder, a microphone, motion
detection software and infra-red analysis capability. The laser
finder assists the camera system to positively identify height,
width and depth of objects. Any movement entering/exiting or moving
through the space is cataloged. Color, shape, size, temperature,
parameters are setup within the system to detect nuisances within
the object to determine unique identifiers. For example, a car
identified is classified as a light blue 1997 Cadillac; however
this Cadillac has a broken light on the left back fender. The
system is loaded with all known product specifications to be used
as reference material. The system also classifies and categories
unknown objects.
[0175] In an embodiment of the invention, the system determines and
cross-references all possible intersections of known persons of
interest, their propensity to commit criminal act, their motives
and habits, to known criminal acts, parole data, probation data,
DNA cross reference matching, to known movement of all wireless
communication and their movements. Through this embodiment, the
system can determine what criminal acts have been committed upon
whom, the movements of the parties to the criminal act prior to the
act, movements after the act, other players, witness, their
movement and transmissions. The program analyzes biometric data and
the data is correlated with time, cameras, egress points,
correlates passing and suspect cars, GPS w/phone information, WI-FI
Database correlation, wireless information, and other known
transmission facility, such as on-star communications and the
like.
[0176] In the embodiment of FIG. 15, an interface with existing
communication devices, such as a wireless cell phone provider or
WI-FI access provider, may be provided. The interface which is in
communication with the 3.sup.rd party or other communication
devices will provide the correct information (unique identifier) to
the access provider which control and/or is connected to the
transmission facility and will then allow and/or deny access to
and/or prevent communication with the wireless provider or third
party triggering device. According, the embodiments shown may also
include an interface to the third party controlling unit. For
example, the system shown in FIG. 15 may include a system interface
with a commercial satellite cell phone provider and control of the
cell phones passed between the carrier and the transmission
detection, identification, control and reporting system.
[0177] In the embodiment, of FIG. 15, in a situation where there is
a large number of transmission facilities 202 (in this example,
cell phones) on a congested highway being able to find all the
transmission facility(s) and their accurate location is
critical.
[0178] Knowing the frequency and time of the transmission facility
202 transmissions provides the ability to tighten the bandwidth of
the detection sensors, which increases sensitivity, and thus
provides greater distance of detection. It also provides an
intercept, in time and frequency, providing for faster processing
of signals.
[0179] In an embodiment, in a corrections complex, such as Angola
State Prison, or a arbitrarily defined area where transmission
facilities 202 are prohibited except for authorized transmission
devices, the transmission detection, controlling, identification,
and reporting system 100 whether internal or external to the
facility may control, identify and prohibit transmissions from
transmission facility 202 depending on the location or approximate
location of the transmission facility 202. There are a variety of
methods that may be employed in the determination of the location
of a transmission facility 202. Methods include (i) a cell-sector
system that collects information pertaining to cell and sector
ID's, (ii) the assisted-global positioning satellite (GPS)
technology utilizing a GPS chipset in a mobile communication
facility, (iii) standard GPS technology, (iv) enhanced-observed
time difference technology utilizing software residing on a server
that uses signal transmission of time differences received by
geographically dispersed radio receivers to pinpoint a user's
location, (v) time difference of arrival, (vi) time of arrival,
(vii) angle of arrival, (viii) triangulation of cellular signals,
(ix) location based on proximity to known locations (including
locations of other radio-transmitters), (x) map-based location, or
any combination of any of the foregoing, as well as other location
facilities known to those of skill in the art. In one aspect of the
invention, the location may be determined using a method of
non-iterative linear equations.
[0180] In an embodiment of the transmission detection, controlling,
identification, and reporting system 1500 whether to control the
transmission facility 202, may be determined by location of the
transmission facility 202, type of transmission facility 202,
identification of transmission facility 202, time of transmission
of the transmission facility 202, frequency of the transmission
facility 202, based on type of base station technology and/or
location of base station technology and the like.
[0181] In an embodiment of the transmission detection, controlling,
identification, and reporting system 1500 where the system is in
synchronization with base station technology and techniques
correlate the wireless signals, wherein the unique identifier is
supplied by the base station when the transmission facility is
stimulated by the jammer and/or base stations unit. Then the
transmission facility is tracked and its interest is related to its
location to the road, other variables include whether it is alone
or it is in the hands of an individual and the like. The unique
identifier is provided by the signal detection sensor or the base
station unit and is used in synchronization with the base station
identification and the location of the transmission facility.
Another method to triangulate the location of the transmission
facility utilizing with the assistance of the base station and/or
satellite base station is to have the tower request the cell phone
and/or cell phones of interest to re-acquire the tower, or increase
its power. Here the tower knows its unique identifier and has
required the phone to retransmit to triangulate the location of the
wireless communication device. This method is also valuable in
situations where the tower may have only an approximate location of
the wireless transmission facility, but not an exact, or in such
situations, such as in a building or an obstruction rich
environment. Requesting the base station and/or access point to
request the transmission facility to transmit a signal which can
then be triangulated with the signal detection sensors to improve
the location determination.
[0182] In an embodiment of FIG. 15, the transmission detection,
controlling, identification, and reporting system 1500 may also
transmit the type, time, frequency of the wireless transmission
facility of interest to a base station. The base station may then
provide the system with the unique identifier of the detected
transmission facility or the base station may detect a transmission
facility at a specific frequency and the transmission detection,
controlling, identification, and reporting system 100 tunes to that
frequency to determine the location and unique identifying
information of the transmission device. The system 100 may then
compare the unique identifying information to a data base (not
shown), the information and the parameters obtained from the data
base may then be used decide how to treat the transmission
facility; what to do with the transmission facility depending on
whether the transmission facility is considered friend or foe
(i.e., allowed or disallowed).
[0183] In an embodiment of the transmission detection, controlling,
identification, and reporting system 1500 where the transmission
detection units includes a transmission decoding unit the system
determines the location and the allowability of the transmission
unit by comparing the transmission found with allowable or
non-allowable transmission facility lists.
[0184] In an embodiment shown in FIG. 15 of the transmission
detection, controlling, identification, and reporting system 1500,
the base station indicates there is a transmission facility within
the area covered by the transmission detection, controlling,
identification, and reporting system 1500. The base station
provides at least one unique identifier to the transmission
detection, controlling, identification, and reporting system 1500.
For example, the base station may provide at least one of: a
frequency, a type of transmission facility, a time of arrival
(TOA), an IMEI and other similar identifiers (e.g., encoded IMEI).
The transmission detection, controlling, identification, and
reporting system 1500 determines the location of the transmission
facility, depending on the provided parameters, directs the base
station and/or recorder, jammer, CCTV to perform a set of actions.
Some of the actions to be performed are jam the signal specific to
the cell phone, deny service (Denial of Service (DoS)) to the cell
phone, allow the continued receiving and allow transmission of the
detected transmission, record the content of the transmission,
provide an indication that the transmission is allowable. In
addition, the provided parameters may change depending on location,
and other variables depending on application parameter and the
like.
[0185] In an embodiment shown in FIG. 15 of the transmission
detection, controlling, identification, and reporting system 1500
where detection system is separate from the discriminator unit, the
discriminator unit may also include the controlling unit (base
station technology and the like). In this case, when a unique set
characteristics (parameters) are received by the detecting unit,
and/or system 1500, which then provides information to the
discriminator unit and/or controlling unit, which then passes back
the correlated transmission facilities (the controlling unit,
software radio, and the like) this information is processed. For
example, a cell phone on the side of the road, with a person
talking on it may not need to be disabled, in contrast to a cell
phone in standby located within a zone of danger (60 meters of the
road) may need to be controlled and disabled.
[0186] In an embodiment, the system 1500 will allow an authorized
transmission facility to continue and/or provide the ability for
the wireless transmission, (i.e., to talk and/or to receive calls)
depending on the configuration and application. In an embodiment of
the transmission detection, controlling, identification, and
reporting system 1500 where detection system is separate from the
discriminator unit, in this case the discriminator unit may also
the controlling unit (base station technology and the like) the
system 1500 may further provide instruction to the controlling unit
to allow or disallow transmission facilities, determined by their
location.
[0187] In an embodiment of the transmission detection, controlling,
identification, and reporting system 1500 the system compares the
obtained information and depending on whether the detected
transmission facility is determined to be a potential danger, the
system may take the incoming transmission facility and determine
its position prior to disallowing further transmission. This
process is accomplished by knowing an identification of the
transmission facility and using the information obtained by the
controlling facility (frequency, time, type, channel, etc.) and
searching for the incoming call signal. For example, in an
improvised explosive detection (IED) situation, finding the trigger
man may require the detection, identification and location
determination in real-time. The array antennas will utilize large
front end gain for the greatest distance. As discussed previously,
jamming the area, to gain control of the transmission facility is
one method of capturing the transmission facility. The ability
exists to then track the trigger man from his current location and
where he goes for investigative reasons.
[0188] In an embodiment shown in FIG. 15 of the transmission
detection, controlling, identification, and reporting system 1500
where transmission facility retrieved data may be used to locate
threats to personnel, and/or prevent an escape. recovered
transmission facility data may be used to track co-conspirators
location and/or identify an unauthorized transmission facility.
[0189] In an embodiment where tracking and identifying a wireless
communication device(s) in an environment where many wireless
communication devices are present, such as a conference center
and/or city street environment, some in conversation, some
in-standby, some in the process of being turned-on, some in the
process of being turned off, the ability to detect and positively
identify the movement of a non-transmitting transmission facility
in an orderly fashion becomes difficult. Cell phones, for example,
in standby, the rate in which wireless communication
re-communicates varies, e.g., 10 sec to minutes. In some cases,
they passively listen and do not transmit in-standby at all.
[0190] In an embodiment, where the interest is to detect, locate
and identify cell phones in standby, every 10 seconds, a prescribed
interval of positively identifying and tracking is required,
setting the transceiver communication period, for each wireless
transmissions in a dense environment is important. There are
several methodologies by which to make a cell phone in-standby to
transmit its unique identifier, for example, triggered by the base
station as described earlier in this application. A second
methodology is to block the transmission and have the cell phone
re-acquire the tower. A third method is to transmit a signal to
induce the cell phone to reacquire the tower, switch frequencies,
channels, or if the cell phone loses communications it will
automatically look for a connection. Or if the wireless
communication device detects a larger power-ed tower signal, the
cell phone will connect to the perceived closer signal. Each one of
these methods will force a cell phone in standby to re-connect with
the tower.
[0191] In this embodiment, we will discuss, a methodology to
provide for the orderly transmission identification, location and
tracking of a set of wireless transmissions. In this example the
wireless transmission facility, will be the tracking of a set of
cell phones in a densely populated area. The phones will be
stimulated/manipulated to provide their unique identifier, their
response will be determined by their location within the coverage
area, their phone type and their transceiver channel, the signal
strength of the transceiver, modifying the transceiver phone type,
transceiver frequency ban, modifying their transmission band,
modifying their transceiver channel, for example, if the coverage
area contains 5000 phones to be tracked, stimulating 1/16th or 22.5
degrees (see FIG. 19B) of the designated area, of a particular type
and then multiplexing the transmission transceiver channel, in this
example, channels 1-24 in a specific order. The first detection of
the first slice and channel will result in detecting identifying a
single phone type of a known number of cell phones. In this
embodiment, the development of a methodology to determine which
stimulating pattern, channel pattern, type and repetition rate will
provide the best coverage of movement given the density of wireless
transmission devices, versus the number of sensor within the
coverage area, their variable sensitivity, and transceiver strength
is discussed. As discussed earlier, in an embodiment in which
roaming base station technology is used to stimulate the cell
phone, the power strength ratio of the Telco (network) tower versus
the power strength of the pseudo-base station, will determine the
range and depth of the area coverage by which the number of phone
recycled is determined. Adding a backhaul capability as discussed
earlier, will provide a greater manipulation of the cell phone.
[0192] In an embodiment where tracking and identifying a wireless
communication device(s) which utilizes, for example, multiplexing
technology such as, for example, Code division multiple access
(CDMA) phones, which is a channel access method utilized by various
radio communication technologies. One of the basic concepts in data
communication is the idea of allowing several transmitters to send
information simultaneously over a single communication channel.
This allows several users to share a bandwidth of different
frequencies. This concept is called multiplexing. CDMA employs
spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme (where each
transmitter is assigned a code) to allow multiple users to be
multiplexed over a same physical channel. In an environment where
several wireless communication devices co-exist which utilize
multiplexing and/or spread spectrum transmission technology, to get
an accurate location, as discussed in earlier applications, an
embodiment utilizes a directional transmission facility which
provides a specific transmission to stimulate a wireless
communication device, causing the wireless communication device to
communicate with the access point. In this case a receiving and/or
transceiver unit attempts a handshake communication. The wireless
communication device, such as a cell phone, provides a unique
identifier to the access point, in this case a base station
transceiver. In an environment where many wireless communication
devices are present, such as a conference center, where many cell
phones and/or transmission facilities co-exist, the ability to
distinguish one CDMA phone from another becomes a challenge,
depending on the transmission mode of the CDMA signal. Some of the
unique identifier are distinguishing TOA method, signal pattern
distinction, phase prediction method.
[0193] In an embodiment in which the TOA method is deployed to
determine the location of a set of transmission facilities, as
discussed previously, we discussed the ability to determine the
exact location of the transmission by detecting the TOA (time of
arrival) of the initial signal from the transmission facility (in
nanoseconds). In the case of detecting multiple CDMA spread
spectrum transmission devices, in handshake acquisition, each CDMA
wave form is categorized by detecting the actual time of arrival of
each transmission facility within the interweaving of other spread
spectrum transmissions. The transmissions are distinguished by the
TOA raise time differential coupled with the amplitude change of
the signal strength. Additionally, where the predictability of a
new TOA is determined, validation of the TOA is confirmed. These
characteristics are coupled with the predicted location of the
transmission facility, amplitude of the signal, unique identifier
of the wireless transmissions, phase and angle of the signal and
the like. Additionally, utilizing directional antennas with
gridding pattern and a variable transmission signal to predict and
determine the area of response coupled with the unique identifier
with TOA method provides for complete and accurate tracking and
location of CDMA phones in standby.
[0194] In an embodiment, a transmission from a transmission
facility provides a unique identifier which activates a function in
an action facility such as a display, specifically targeted to the
unique identifier, it may provide information and the like, or an
indicator the wireless transmission facilities are prohibited
within a certain area or while driving or information about the
location where the wireless transmission facility is currently
located and/or danger (display unit). The database is developed to
focus information associated with the unique identifier, to meet
the mission of the display.
[0195] FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment, where it is the intention
to run an automated prison to lower the necessary number of
personnel and still run a safe and secure facility. This automated
facility is controlled by a centralized command and control center
and/or a decentralize compartmental command and control center for
all functions of the facility including movement of the persons
within the facility. In this type of a facility, where complete and
accurate identification and location of all personnel is critical,
the tracking of individuals, their wireless transmission devices,
cell phones, identification units, Walkie-Talkies, and verifying
their access to authorized areas, integrating their movement with
CCTV and positive facial identification, biometric identification,
preventing movement into unauthorized area, developing inclusion
zones, creating exclusion zones, ensuring proper count, providing
an ability to restrict and/or authorized movement a specific design
of the facility and convergence of technology is essential. The
technologies discussed herein integrated to the central control
provide the backbone and framework to operate such an automated
facility, wherein each staff member and inmate transmission
facility will allow specific movement throughout the facility. All
movement throughout the facility may be monitored through CCTV and
facial recognition. At each egress point, movement will be
restricted to individual movement through one area to another area
of the facility. For example, daily functions include, meals,
medical, programs, court visits, and recreation, may be functions
that may be monitored and controlled. As an example of the facility
of the needs within the automation and the parameters and rules;
Inmate Movement: need a creation of a Movement list and movement
schedule, scheduling resources, allocation seating in particular
program area classrooms, access to computers, access to the Law
library, time allocation in program and use facility assets, enemy
exclusion, (predator sheep-wolf exclusion), conflicts in scheduling
GED, adult education, culinary arts, anger management developing
waiting list, ability for inmates to signup, morning schedule and
movement, afternoon schedule and movement, Pre-trial and religious
services scheduling. Data mining database techniques and
methodologies may be executed to provide for inmate scheduling
movement and allocation of assets for the inmate relying on
transmission facility authorization. The transmission facility will
control access to all movement, asset resources, doors and egress,
facility recourses and the time allocation on facility assets and
in which movement takes place. Because of minimum human
interaction, display kiosks display schedules and informs the
inmate where it is scheduled. The facility structure may need to be
modified to allow inmate access to the outdoor area, this design
modification eliminates the need for outside movement and still
provides greater freedom for the inmates with less need for direct
supervision. Each sensor will monitor biometric signs including
heart rate, temperature, and the like. With two wristbands, echo
cardiogram can be generated with provide for health monitoring and
for positive identification. The Cell Phone Detection, Control and
Position Identification system 1500 (FIG. 15) will include a
detector and decoder for all transmission facilities, which will
provide positive identification for all transmission facilities,
including cell phone and other hand held communication devices, and
the specific individual in possession of the transmission facility.
All CCTV units will integrate with facial recognition software, all
egress points will require biometric checks, such as fingerprint
and renal eye scan devices, and this combined with the transmission
facility positive identification. The design of the facility is
important to provide adequate exercise movement and limited
interaction with staff and other inmates. Therefore, a redesign of
the facility, to provide services such as decentralized education
is important.
[0196] In this embodiment, the wireless communication of the
sensors (see FIG. 10 and FIG. 16) will also carry education
information and data to each of the inmate cells. Each inmate is
equipped with a wireless tablet to take interactive education. In
FIG. 10 the 802.15.4 will provide a dual role of sensor sync and
education communication. In embodiment of a fully automated
wireless communications and personnel and asset tracking, the
communication to the sensors will be transmitted via cat 5 cables,
which will be placed to communicate with the microprocessor and the
802.11. In this configuration the 802.11 will carry the interactive
education and monitoring capability. The microprocessor in that
configuration will act as a throughput conduit to isolate
high-speed interactive communications between the cat 5 and the
802.11. In this configuration, audio and video, live interaction is
capable to perform parole hearings, live interactive education,
video visitations, suicide watch, video attorney visits and video
court appearances. In this configuration a video server and
interactive video switching system will be deployed to handle the
interactive communication. As earlier described, the ideal location
of sensors may be the water chases to prevent tampering. This also
provides the opportunity to have wireless communication with
education units within the cells. This wireless communication also
provides the ability to as wireless surveillance devices such as
cell monitoring into the mix.
[0197] In this embodiment where inmate programs, services,
commissary, inmate phones, medicine distribution, vending machines,
GED education, needs to be inmate specific, positive identification
is a critical must. To ensure this outcome, the positive
identification of each transmission facility is paramount. An
example of this embodiment, when an inmate approaches an education
display system, the unique identifier of the inmate's transmission
facility, provides information to the transmission facility
detector of the unique identifier of the transmission facility. A
database controls and provides all the applicable information to
provide the correct information for each transmission facility. In
this case, the transmission facility is a wristband ID
bracelet.
[0198] In other embodiments, the wireless transmission facility,
such as a cell phone, PDA or a WI-FI appliance, can trigger an
action, or a customized actions, when positive identification and
unique identifier is established. One embodiment is when an
inmate's wristband comes in proximity to the interactive education
display system within his cell, it positively identifies him/her
and logs the inmate into the system; this is accomplished via short
range communications via the 802.xx technology in the wrist band
and the education device. In another embodiment, the interaction is
caused by the RFID chip (active, passive and/or semi-active). In a
school environment, when wireless communication device is detected,
positive identification is established and the system transmits an
action for the interactive display screen in a school informing the
school supervisors that one or more students or personnel needs to
turn off his cell phone. The action facility, first enables the
allowability database and verifies the transmission facility is not
authorized and/or the wireless communication device is in an
unauthorized area or a hospital advising a specific visitor by
name, that a cell phone, even in standby, may cause harm to the
medical devices being used to treat patients or the transmission
facility provides information to the transmission facility detector
of a unique identifier of the transmission facility via an
interactive screen on the road side to tell a user to slow down as
he is speeding or informing the driver he is not allowed to use a
cell phone or wireless communication devise while driving. In this
embodiment, utilizing femto/Pico and/or transceiver technology
action facilities is necessary to intersect and detect
transmissions from the wireless device. These are just examples of
uses of the system illustrated.
[0199] In an embodiment, where there is a large number of
transmission facilities 202 (in this example, many cell phones) on
a congested highway being able to find all the transmission
facility(s) and their accurate location is critical. In addition,
being able to continuously track and positively identify each
transmission is also critical wherein controlling a significant
number of transmission facilities (cell phones) may be necessary.
Therefore, specific techniques need to be developed to regulate the
frequency band the wireless devices occupy, when and in what order
they are processed, the rate and the density and rate in which they
are monitored. Techniques discussed earlier describe how to have a
cell phone provide their identification. Here we will discuss some
of the techniques to regulate the detection, frequency, volume and
period of those transmissions.
[0200] Knowing the frequency and time of the transmission facility
202 transmissions provides the ability to tighten the bandwidth of
the detection sensors, which increases sensitivity, and thus
provides greater distance of detection. It also provides an
intercept, in time and frequency, providing for faster processing
of signals. One technique is for the transmission detection sensor
to tell the base station and/or enabling technology when to
transmit and also indicate the desired response frequency and/or
channel. Another methodology is to regulate and/or schedule the
transmission time of the base station(s) and/or enabling
technologies within geographical areas and set parameter on the
direction, radiation pattern, zone, and strength of the signal
being transmitted to enable/regulate a number of transmission
facility(s) contacted and/or regulate the number of responding
transmission facilities.
[0201] FIG. 18 illustrates a system 1800 for implementing the
principles of the invention shown herein. In this exemplary system
embodiment 1800, input data is received from sources 1801 over
network 1850 and is processed in accordance with one or more
programs, either software or firmware, executed by processing
system 1810. The results of processing system 1810 may then be
transmitted over network 1880 for viewing on display 1892,
reporting device 1890 and/or a second processing system 1895.
[0202] Processing system 1810 includes one or more input/output
devices 1802 that receive data from the illustrated sources or
devices 1801 over network 1850. The received data is then applied
to processor 1803, which is in communication with input/output
device 1802 and memory 1804. Input/output devices 1802, processor
1803 and memory 1804 may communicate over a communication medium
1825. Communication medium 1825 may represent a communication
network, e.g., ISA, PCI, PCMCIA bus, one or more internal
connections of a circuit, circuit card or other device, as well as
portions and combinations of these and other communication
media.
[0203] Processing system 1810 and/or processor 1803 may be
representative of a handheld calculator, special purpose or general
purpose processing system, desktop computer, laptop computer, palm
computer, or personal digital assistant (PDA) device, etc., as well
as portions or combinations of these and other devices that can
perform the operations illustrated.
[0204] Processor 1803 may be a central processing unit (CPU) or a
special purpose processing unit or dedicated hardware/software,
such as a PAL, ASIC, FGPA, operable to execute computer instruction
code or a combination of code and logical operations. In one
embodiment, processor 1803 may include, or access, code which, when
executed by the processor, performs the operations illustrated
herein. As would be understood by those skilled in the art when a
general purpose computer (e.g., a CPU) loaded with or accesses code
to implement the processing shown herein, the execution of the code
transforms the general purpose computer into a special purpose
computer. The code may be contained in memory 1804, may be read or
downloaded from a memory medium such as a CD-ROM or floppy disk,
represented as 1883, may be provided by a manual input device 1885,
such as a keyboard or a keypad entry, or may be read from a
magnetic or optical medium (not shown) or via a second I/O device
1887 when needed. Information items provided by devices 1883, 1885,
1887 may be accessible to processor 1803 through input/output
device 1802, as shown. Further, the data received by input/output
device 1802 may be immediately accessible by processor 1803 or may
be stored in memory 1804. Processor 1803 may further provide the
results of the processing to display 1892, recording device 1890 or
a second processing unit 1895.
[0205] As one skilled in the art would recognize, the terms
processor, processing system, computer or computer system may
represent one or more processing units in communication with one or
more memory units and other devices, e.g., peripherals, connected
electronically to and communicating with the at least one
processing unit. Furthermore, the devices illustrated may be
electronically connected to the one or more processing units via
internal busses, e.g., serial, parallel, ISA bus, Micro Channel
bus, PCI bus, PCMCIA bus, USB, etc., or one or more internal
connections of a circuit, circuit card or other device, as well as
portions and combinations of these and other communication media,
or an external network, e.g., the Internet and Intranet. In other
embodiments, hardware circuitry may be used in place of, or in
combination with, software instructions to implement the invention.
For example, the elements illustrated herein may also be
implemented as discrete hardware elements or may be integrated into
a single unit.
[0206] As would be understood, the operations illustrated may be
performed sequentially or in parallel using different processors to
determine specific values. Processing system 1810 may also be in
two-way communication with each of the sources 1801. Processing
system 1810 may further receive or transmit data over one or more
network connections from a server or servers over, e.g., a global
computer communications network such as the Internet, Intranet, a
wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a local
area network (LAN), a terrestrial broadcast system, a cable
network, a satellite network, a wireless network, or a telephone
network (POTS), as well as portions or combinations of these and
other types of networks. As will be appreciated, networks 1850 and
1880 may also be internal networks or one or more internal
connections of a circuit, circuit card or other device, as well as
portions and combinations of these and other communication media or
an external network, e.g., the Internet and Intranet.
[0207] FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary process for determining a
location using a non-iterative linear algebra algorithm. In this
illustrated process, the criteria for determining a location of a
device (i.e., a cell phone, a transmission device, such as a wrist
band transmitter) is dependent upon the selection of a plurality of
sensors that have detected a wireless transmission 1910. Exemplary
criteria for selecting sensors are shown in block 1915. For
example, in one aspect of the invention, at least five (5) sensors
are to be utilized in the process shown. Further, the sensors must
be selected such that no three sensors are installed within a same
line and no four sensors are installed in a same plane. In
addition, at block 1910, a reference sensor is determined as that
sensor having the smallest time difference of a received signal
among the selected sensors.
[0208] At block 1920, for each of the selected sensors, i, a range
R.sub.i is determined between the sensor and the transmission
device and the difference in distance between two sensors is then
determined. Block 1925 discloses definitions of the terms used in
describing the exemplary process. At block 1930, the matrix H and
the vector C are initialized and at block 1940, the location vector
of the transmission device is determined.
[0209] While the processing shown in FIG. 19 relates to a wrist
band transmission device, as disclosed in related co-pending U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 12/231,437, entitled "Wrist Band
Transmitter," it would be recognized by those skilled in the art
that the processing shown is applicable to other types of wireless
transmission devices, such a cellular telephone, and wireless
personal digital assistants and other similar type devices, whether
being special purpose (i.e., wrist bands) or general purpose (i.e.,
cell phones).
[0210] While there has been shown, described, and pointed out
fundamental novel features of the present invention as applied to
preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various
omissions and substitutions and changes in the apparatus described,
in the form and details of the devices disclosed, and in their
operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without
departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example,
while the device described herein is referred to as a transmitting
device, it would be recognized by those skilled in the art that the
device may incorporate a receiving unit, designed to operate in one
or more frequency bands over a wide frequency range. For example,
the receiving system may represent a crystal receiving system that
may detect one or more signals within a frequency range or may
represent a super-heterodyne receiver that may detect and determine
the frequency of operation of received signals.
[0211] In an embodiment, in a corrections complex, such as Angola
State Prison, or a arbitrarily defined area where transmission
facilities 202 are prohibited except for authorized transmission
devices, the transmission detection, controlling, identification,
and reporting system 100 whether internal or external the facility
may control, identify and prohibit transmissions from transmission
facility 202 depending on the location or approximate location of
the transmission facility 202.
[0212] FIG. 19A illustrates an exemplary process 1902 for capturing
a wireless transmission in accordance with the principles of the
invention and FIG. 19B illustrates an exemplary geographic
configuration for explaining the processing shown in FIG. 19A.
Referring now to FIG. 19A, at block 1912, a reference signal
transmitted by a transmitter (1972, FIG. 19B) is received at a
transcribing system (1975). The transmitter 1972 has a transmitting
range represented by a distance R.sub.1. An estimated distance
(D.sub.0) between the transceiving system 1975 and transmitter 1972
of the reference signal is determined based on a received power at
the transceiving system. At block 1922, a determination is made
regarding an expected power of the reference signal to be received
at wireless transmission facilities a known distance (R.sub.2) from
the transceiving system 1975. In one aspect of the invention, an
expected received power may be determined without regard to the
positions of the reference signal transmitter 1972 and the
transceiving system 1975. That is, an expected received power may
be determined a known distance (R.sub.2) about the transceiving
system 1975 based solely on the received power at the transceiving
system 1975 and, thus, the expected received power at point A is
the same as that received at point B. In another aspect of the
invention, a position of the reference signal transmitter 1972 may
be determined or provided to the transceiving system 1975. For
example, a direction of the reference signal transmitter 1972 may
be determined, using directional receiving antennas (or multiple
receiving antennas separated by a known angular measure, such as
four antenna spatially oriented 90 degrees to each other, such that
the 3 dB antenna gain points intersect at 45 degrees from the
antenna maximum gain) at the transceiving system 1975, and a
position relative to the transceiving system 1975 may be determined
based on the determined direction and estimated distance (D.sub.0).
In another aspect, a direction of the reference signal transmitter
1972 may be determined using a received signal strength of the
reference signal on at least one receiving antenna. In another
aspect, the position or location of the reference signal
transmitter 1972 may be known and, thus, available to the
transceiving system 1975. For example, the position of the
transmitter 1972 may be known through a mapping of such
transmitters and/or the location is known based on conventional
surveying methods or from a global positioning satellite system
(GPS). With the position of the reference signal transmitter 1972
known, the expected power of the reference signal may then be
determined more accurately. For example, the expected received
power of the reference signal a known distance from the
transceiving system 1975 in line with, and between, the transmitter
1972 and the transceiving system 1975 is greater than the expected
received power of the reference signal a known distance from the
transceiving system in line with but on an opposite side of the
transceiving system 1975.
[0213] With reference to FIG. 19B, the received signal strength at
wireless transmission facility 1980 is greater than that of
wireless transmission facility 1990. The expected received power
may be determined continuously along the known distance (R2) about
the transceiving system 1975 or may be determined at designated
angles about the transceiving system 1975 (e.g., every 10 degrees).
Interpolation between two designated angles may be used to
determine an expected received power at an intermediate point. At
block 1930, a signal is transmitted from the transceiving system
1975 within a general area, as represented by R.sub.2. The area may
include wireless transmission facilities 1980, 1985, 1990, capable
of receiving the reference signal and wireless transmission
facility 1995 that may not be capable of receiving the reference
signal. In one aspect, the signal may be transmitted in an
omni-directional manner wherein the general area represents an area
circling the transceiving system 1975, assuming the system and
corresponding antenna(s) are co-located. In another aspect of the
invention, the signal may be transmitted in a directional manner
wherein the general area represents a pie-shape area, 1997, 1998,
having an apex at the transceiving system 1975 (a sector); assuming
the antenna(s) and the transceiving system 1975 are co-located. The
angular spread of the pie-shared area .alpha..sub.1, .alpha..sub.2
may be determined based on the directivity of the transmitting
antenna. The signal transmitted by the transceiving system 1975,
which is similar in at least one characteristic of the reference
signal, is transmitted with sufficient power to interfere with
communications between the reference signal and wireless
transmission facilities within an area in which wireless
transmission facilities may receive the reference signal. The
transmitted signal may be a continuous wave type signal (i.e., a
jamming signal) or may be a discrete signal that commands the
wireless transmission facilities to reestablish communication with
the reference signal transmitter 1972. At block 1940, a simulated
reference signal, which is similar in at least one characteristic
of the reference signal, is transmitted by the transceiving system
1975. The simulated reference signal is transmitted at a power
level such that the received power of the simulated reference
signal at the known distance (R.sub.2) from the transceiving system
1975 is greater than the received power of the reference signal. At
block 1952, signal(s) received by the transceiving system 1975 from
wireless transmission facilities 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 in response
to the interfering signal are analyzed and processed.
[0214] In one aspect of the invention, a distance D.sub.1',
D.sub.2', D.sub.3', to each of the wireless transmission facilities
1980, 1985, 1990, respectively may be estimated based on a received
power, at block 1962. In another aspect of the invention, a
direction of the wireless transmission facilities may be determined
using, for example, directional antennas and/or an amplitude-based
angle of arrival method. In one aspect of the invention, the
signals received by the transceiving system 1975 may be analyzed to
determine if they are allowed to send and/or receive communication
as previously disclosed at block 1973. As discussed previously,
allowability may be determined based on a known set of wireless
transmission facility characteristics that are allowed within an
area. All others are not allowed and, thus, communication is
prohibited. If the signals are determined to be allowable, then
control of the signal is "handed-off" to the reference signal
transmitter 1972. Otherwise, the received signals may be further
processed.
[0215] In one aspect of the invention, allowability of a wireless
transmission facility may be determined based on a position of the
wireless transmission facility with respect to the transceiving
system 1975. For example, if the wireless transmission facility is
determined to be within a predetermined distance, R.sub.3, from the
transceiving system 1975, then communication to and from the
wireless transmission facility may not be allowed, even though the
transmission would normally be allowed. In one aspect, the area
defined by R.sub.3 may be limited using directional information of
the received signal associated with the wireless facility and the
transceiving system 1975. Thus, if the transceiving system 1975 is
moving towards the wireless transmission facility, then
communication may not be allowed, while communication may be
allowed if the transceiving system 1975 is moving away from the
wireless transmission facility, even though the wireless
transmission facility is within the area defined by R.sub.3. In
another aspect of the invention, transceiving system 1975 may
attempt to determine other wireless transmission facilities within
a region, R.sub.4, attempting to communicate with the not-allowed
transmission facility.
[0216] FIG. 20A illustrates a graph of exemplary distances between
the operating ranges of base station transceiving system_1975 and
reference signal transmitter 1972 as a function of angle, wherein
the angle is normalized with respect to a line between base station
1975 and reference signal transmitter 1972. Thus, a minimum
distance between base station 1975 and reference signal transmitter
1972 is represented as R1, at an angle of zero degrees between base
station 1975 and reference signal transmitter 1972 and extends to a
maximum distance of R1+2R2, at an angle of 180 degrees (see curve
a).
[0217] However, as the operating range of reference signal
transmitter 1972 exceeds the operating range of base station 112 at
180 degrees, the distance may thus be represented as R3 (see curve
b).
[0218] Thus, as the angle between base station 1975 and reference
signal transmitter 1972 increases, the distance between base
station 1975 and reference signal transmitter 1972, at distance R2
from reference signal transmitter 1972, increases and becomes
limited to a distance of R3 for an angular period around 180
degrees. The distance then decreases to R1_ as the angle
increases.
[0219] FIG. 20B illustrates an exemplary power received at the
operating range R2 of device 152. In this case, the power received
by a wireless device is a maximum at distance R1 and is a minimum
at distance R1+2R2. (see curve a). However, as the distance R1+2R2
exceeds the operating range of base station 1975, the power at
distance R3 is limited to the power at the edge of the operating
range of base station 1975. (see curve b). Thus, to capture any
devices within the local area of base station 1975, base station
1975 must transmit at a power between that received at R1 and that
received at R3. Further the power transmitted varies as a function
of the angle between base station 1975 and reference signal
transmitter 1972.
[0220] FIG. 21 illustrates a second exemplary network configuration
in accordance with the principles of the invention. In this
exemplary configuration overlapping regions 210, 220, 230, 240
provide continuous coverage of one or more devices within their
respective regions. In this case, each of the regions 210, 220,
230, 240 are represented as having a coverage area defined as R3
with respect to corresponding base stations 212, 222, 232, and 242.
As illustrated, a hexagon represents each of the coverage areas
214, 224, 234 and 244. The hexagon representations are provided
solely to illustrate the interlocking coverage of the overlapping
coverage regions 210, 220, 230, 240.
[0221] Also illustrates is a transceiving station (device) 252,
(which is equivalent to device 1972 of FIG. 19B). Also illustrated
are wireless devices 262, 264, 266, and 268. Devices 262 and 268
are well within the coverage region of base station 212, while
device 264 is within an overlapping zone between areas 210 and 230.
Device 266 is outside the coverage area of base station 212 and
within coverage of base station 222. Each of the wireless devices
is within a local area represented by distance R2 centered on
transceiving device 252.
[0222] In addition, R1 represents the closest distance between base
station 212 and transceiving system 252. R4 represents the closest
distance between base station 222 and transceiving system 252 and
R5 represents the closest distance between base station 232 and
transceiving system 252. FIGS. 22-24 represent graphs of power at
R2 for each of base stations 212, 222 and 232, respectively, in a
manner similar to that shown in FIG. 20B. In this illustrated
example, the power of each base station is assumed to be
substantially equal so that the coverage areas, represented by R3,
are substantially the same. However, it would be recognized that
the power of each base station may be altered to provide greater or
lesser coverage areas. In this case, the power received at R2 may
be greater or lesser and is a function of the output transmission
power and the distance (e.g., R1, R4 and R5, respectively).
[0223] In one aspect of the invention, the transceiving system 252
may select one of the base stations as a primary cell. The primary
cell may be selected based on the base station being determined to
be closest, in distance, to the transceiving device 252. The
transceiving system 252 may normalize the received power based on
distance and transmission power of each of the base stations. In
addition, the transceiving system 252 may normalize the location of
each of the base stations with respect to the location of the base
station of the primary cell. That is, in the illustrated network
configuration shown in FIG. 21, base station 212 may be selected as
the primary cell and base stations 222 and 232 may be determined as
angularly separated with respect to the line between the primary
cell base station and the transceiving station 252. Thus, base
station 232 is slightly greater than 90 degrees offset from the
line between base station 212 and transceiving station 252.
Similarly, base station 222 is slightly greater than 180 degrees
offset from the line between base station 212 and transceiving
station 252.
[0224] FIG. 25 represents 300 the power curves 310, 320, 330 of the
received power at R2 shown in FIGS. 22-24, offset based on the
angular difference between the primary cell base station and the
other base stations.
[0225] FIG. 26, represents a superposition of the powers of the
three power curves, and further illustrates the power to be
transmitted by transceiving station 252, as a function of an angle
around the transceiver station 252 to maintain control of each of
the wireless devices within a local area 250. As would be
understood, the illustrated power is taken with respect to a known
angle about the transceiving system (device) 1975.
[0226] FIG. 27 illustrates a flow chart 600 of an exemplary process
in accordance with the principles of the invention. In this
illustrated process, transceiving system 252 receives the reference
signal of each of a plurality of base stations. Although
transceiving system 252 is outside the coverage area of base
station 222, transceiving system 252 is still able to receive the
reference signal from base station 222 but does not communicate
with this base station.
[0227] At block 620 a determination is made regarding the primary
cell based on the received power of the reference signals. At block
630, a position of each of the sources (base stations) of each of
the reference signals may be obtained or determined. For example, a
base station position may be determined based on a received power
and an angle of arrival of the received signal. Or the base station
position may be provided using Global Positioning Satellite system
information. Or the base station position may be preloaded within
general area.
[0228] At block 640 a distance is determined to each reference
signal based on the position of the source of the reference signal.
At block 650, an expected received power from each of the base
stations is determined along a radius defining the local area with
respect to transceiving system 252. A graph of received power from
each of the base stations along the local area is determined. At
block 660, positions of the base stations are normalized,
angularly, with respect to a line between the primary cell base
station and the transceiving system 252 and the receiving power
graphs are oriented with respect to the primary cell base station.
A resultant power graph is determined based on the superposition of
received power graphs and at block 670, the transceiving system
outputs a power level slightly greater than the resultant power at
a corresponding angle.
[0229] In one embodiment of the invention a repeat Jamming Module,
provides repeat jamming capability and jams specifically a targeted
cell phone and/or wireless communication device. This repeat
jamming techniques utilizes the outgoing signal of the cell phone
and repeats the transmission 100 ns after the initial signal with
matching power. The effect of the overlapping communication on the
receiving transceiver provides a confusion in the receiving
transceiver and makes communication impossible and the call and/or
wireless communication is dropped. In one embodiment of the
invention the jamming module includes a duel repeating circuit with
a programmable delay line built in to allow the same communication
to be delayed by the programmed delay amount. In another embodiment
of the invention, the repeat jammers are placed in each section of
the facility. When the signal detection array detects an
unauthorized cell phone the repeat jammer takes that cell phone and
only that cell phone off line, when the phone tries to acquire the
tower the cell phone's identification is re-verified.
[0230] In one embodiment of the invention, a Base Station
Controlling Module, which identifies and controls cell phones
interfaces with a Cell Phone Detection system to determine
authorized and unauthorized phones, provides phone type, the time
of arrival and the cell phones frequency and seamlessly provides
backhaul and Denial of Service (DoS) capabilities. The Base Station
Controlling Module, which identifies and/or controls cell phones,
interfaces with Cell Phone Detection system to determine whether a
cell phone is an authorized or unauthorized cell phone, the Cell
Phone Detection system provides phone type, the time of arrival and
the cell phones frequency to the base station unit, the base
station unit matches the cell phone detected signal with the base
station controlled and/or required cell phones and verifies the
cell phone of interest is within the unauthorized areas. It also
verifies in one embodiment of the invention, whether the cell phone
is an authorized cell phone for use within the facility, wherein
the data matrix determines authorized vs. unauthorized cell phone
and authorized area vs. unauthorized areas and, seamlessly
interfaces either providing backhaul and/or DoS capabilities.
[0231] In one aspect of the invention, a cell phone identification
module which identifies cell phone identifications (IDs),
determines whether an authorized or unauthorized phone exists, and
provides the phone type, the time of arrival and the cell phones
frequency and seamlessly interfaces with the repeater jammer
module, to disable the unauthorized phone in either the
unauthorized area and/or an unauthorized phone in any area of
interest. The repeat jamming unit jams all unauthorized cell phones
within the facility and allows authorized cell phones.
[0232] In one embodiment of the invention, the signal detection
sensors are placed throughout the facility to provide full coverage
of the facility. Any cell phone within the facility will be
detected and displayed on the centralized console interface. This
information will be sent to the software radio Identification
module to verify if this is an authorized or unauthorized cell
phone. If the cell phone is unauthorized, the repeat Jammer module
will disable the cell phone or the Software Radio Identification
Module will deny service. The software radio identification module
is designed to receive a signal being transmitted from a cell phone
and decode the IMEI number. The IMEI number is compared against a
database of authorized IMEI authorized cell phones. In one aspect
of the invention, to prevent cell phone from entering a facility
undetected, Low Noise Jammers will be installed at all egress
(entrance) points within the facility. So that all cell phones
coming into the facility are verified by the Software Radio
Identification Module. An ancillary benefit is anyone mistakenly or
unknowingly bringing a cell phone into the facility will be
picked-up at the entrance point. In another embodiment, the
Software Radio Identification Module (SRIM) identifies all cell
phone within the coverage area. Any cell phone that is in an on
state within the coverage area (area in light blue) will be
Identified. The International Mobile Equipment Identity number or
IMEI (Cell phone ID) will be compared with the facility's
"authorized cell phone list". An authorized cell phone is allowed
to make and receive calls. All unauthorized cell phones are
prevented from making or receiving incoming and outgoing calls. The
software radio Identification module can be expanded to provide
cell phone call monitoring.
[0233] In one aspect of the invention, the base station acquires
new cell phone, the base station provides, time code, band, and
type to the cell phone detection sensor array. The cell phone
detection sensor array determines whether the cell phone is within
an exclusion zone. If the cell phone is detected outside "Cell
phone control area", then the cell phone is released back to
Network Cell Tower and/or the calls are allowed where the cell
phone is backhauled to the network. If the cell phone is found
within the "control area", and the base station determines whether
cell phone is an "Authorized Cell Phone" (via HLR Database
interface), the console displays a location of the cell phone, the
IMEI, and "Authorized cell phone status". Alternatively, if the
cell phone is determined to be an "Unauthorized Cell Phone" (via
HLR Database interface) the base station prevents incoming and
outgoing calls and the console displays the IMEI of the cell phone
and "Unauthorized phone status." Or the Repeat Jammer Module jams
the cell phone signal and the console displays the IMEI, the cell
phone location and "Unauthorized phone status", depending on the
system configuration. In another embodiment, the base station
identifies all cell phones within the coverage area. Any cell phone
on within the coverage area (area in light blue) will be
identified. The International Mobile Equipment Identity number or
IMEI (Cell phone ID) will be compared with the facility's
"authorized cell phone list". Authorized cell phones are allowed
making and receiving calls. All unauthorized cell phones are
prevented from making or receiving incoming and outgoing calls. The
base station module can also be expanded to provide cell phone call
monitoring.
[0234] In another embodiment the signal detection sensor array is
used to provide Real-time tracking of inmates utilizing the BINJ
Signal Sensor Array with wristband tracking technology on each
inmate. (See patent application Ser. No. 12/231,437). The system is
expanded to include a Staff Safety Alert & Tracking System
(SSAT) utilizing the Signal Sensor array with built-in real-time
wristband and/or security tags for the tracking of correction
officers. In this embodiment of the system, the system, reports
real-time time and position of every inmate and officer in the
facility. The database collects every movement of a wristband up to
1000 times per second and provides this data into a data mining and
historical playback capability. In another embodiment of the system
the wristband has a signal detection module which detects a cell
phone within a specific area and the wrist band determines the user
of the cell phone and reports the information back to the console.
Some of the advantages in tracking Officer and Inmates include:
increased Staff Safety, inmate escape prevention tool, inmate and
staff out of position tool, continuous and accurate count of
inmates, group/gangs interaction monitoring, accurate work
scheduling and monitoring tool, on post/off post position of all
security personnel, escape alarm, last known position, immediate
alarm and the like. The data mining capabilities enable the data
base and data mining to: accurately location of inmates in
relationship to other inmate/staff at all times and ability to
accurately; investigate assault/rape; assist in prosecution tool;
and ability to physically contact detection system for
incident/rape investigation and prevention tool; inmate
tracking/data mining which provides for the identification of
predators and predatory behaviors; create exclusion zones and
alerting system to notify security of a boundary violation; inmate
tracking and data mining: for assessing staff and inmates'
vulnerabilities; provide for decreased agency liability by
providing accurate forensic information for court; and provide for
audio and alarm capability (incident/rape prevention tool).
[0235] In another embodiment of the invention, the Cell Phone
Detection system is integrated with a Base Station(s) Module,
wherein this base station(s) may also have back haul capability
wherein the system utilizes a Pico/Nano base station technology and
cell phone detection system. The base station registers the cell
phone(s) and has the cell phone detection system verify the
location of cell phone. The allowability module determines whether
the cell phone is authorized and/or unauthorized. The system
verifies who the cell phone belongs to if known IMEI (via
database). The base station is directed to the system to back-haul
all authorized phones and display the authorized phones within the
interested area, not display cell phones in non-interested areas.
Then the base station(s) is directed to deny services to all
non-registered/unauthorized within the restricted area and display
these restricted phones and notify staff of their location and
presence.
[0236] In another embodiment of the invention, the Cell Phone
Detection system works in conjunction with an integrated Base
Station Module without back haul capability in which the base
station(s) register the phone and have the Cell Phone Detection
system verify the location of cell phone. The allowability module
determines whether the detected phone is inside the restricted
area. The system verifies who the phone belongs to by a known IMEI
(via database). The base station is directed to release authorized
cell phones and cell phones which are not in the restricted areas
back to the local tower and display the authorized phones within
the interested area and not display phones in non-interested areas.
The base station is directed to Hold onto unauthorized cell phones
and displays the unauthorized phones. All non-registered cell
phones will have Denial of Service (DoS), by being held onto by the
base station unit and the like.
[0237] In another embodiment of the invention, the Cell Phone
Detection and Identification Module in which the Cell Phone
Detection system is the controlling unit. The system utilizes a
sniffer and/or embedded IMEI decoders within each sensor and cell
phone detection sensor to determine the location and identification
of all cell phones within a specific area. The signal detection
sensors find and positively locates the phone. In a configuration
in which each sensor does not possess a decoder IMEI module, the
sensor provides the following information to the sniffer (TOA,
frequency, type, and channel). The sniffer scans for the phone, and
then reports back the identification information. The system
verifies who the phone belongs to and whether the cell phone is
authorized or not authorized. In a configuration in which each
sensor has a decoder module, the system displays green for
authorized phone, red for unauthorized phones and the like. In
another embodiment, the Sniffer module finds and positively
identifies the cell phones. The sniffer provides information to the
cell phone detection and location system (TOA, ID, frequency, type,
channel . . . ). The cell phone detection and location system then
scans for the cell phone, verifies who the phone belongs to and
whether the cell phone is authorized and/or not authorized in that
location. Then the system displays green for authorized phone red
for unauthorized phones and the like.
[0238] In one aspect of the invention, the Cell Phone Detection and
Identification Module works in conjunction with 3rd party Telco
Support. In this aspect the sniffer module (IMEI decoder and
identified) positively identify the phones, gives information to
the cell phone detection and location system (TOA, ID, frequency,
type, channel . . . ). The Cell phone detection system scans and
identifies a location of an interested cell phone, verifies who the
phone belongs and whether the cell phone is authorized and/or not
authorized and displays green for authorized phone, red for
unauthorized phones. The system alerts the appropriate cell phone
provider of an unauthorized call phone to have the cell phone
provider deny service on the cell phone and has Staff confiscate
cell phone and the like.
[0239] In another aspect of the invention, the Cell Phone Detection
system works in conjunction with a repeat Jamming system and an
Identification Module and/or embedded decoding module in which the
sensors find and positively locate the phones In this case in which
there is external identification of the IMEI, the system gives
information to the sniffer (TOA, frequency, type, channel . . . ),
scans for the phone and reports back the identification of the cell
phone. The system compares the identification with the database of
an authorized phone and verifies whether the phone belongs to an
authorized or not authorized user. The system displays green for
authorized phone, and red for unauthorized phones. The facility may
pick up that specific phone. The repeat jammer disrupts the
specific phone with a set repeat delay to take the cell phone off
line. Pinpoint jamming disrupts all phones within the channel and
area. A Broadband jammer disrupts all phones within area and
frequency coverage and the like.
[0240] Although not shown, it would be recognized that the
receiving and/or the transmitting antennas and/or the processing
systems may be co-located or may be geographically distributed.
When a plurality of receiving antennas are employed and
geographically distributed, it would be recognized that correlation
of the information obtained from each antenna is necessary. In one
aspect of the invention, a plurality of antennas having a known
angular receiving pattern may be co-located, see FIG. 7, and
remotely located from the processing system, to receive signals at
substantially the same time. It would be recognized that when the
antenna system is remotely located from the processing system, the
areas shown in FIG. 19B are oriented with respect to the antenna
system.
[0241] In another embodiment of the invention, the wristband as
described in patent application Ser. No. 12/231,437, includes a
signal detection module as described in FIG. 6 and/or alternatively
in another embodiment, FIG. 11, the signal detection module detects
cell phone signals, its use, and unique identifier information of
the cell phone being used by the inmate. The wristband module may
also include a voice recognition module. A Cell Phone Use, and
Authorization Database module (CPU-ADM), interfaces with the cell
phone detection system and the base station control system and
controls when an inmate may make a phone call and/or receive a
call. This module holds the allowed or dis-allowed (unauthorized)
cell phone information for each inmate, what cell phone(s) he is
allowed to use, the areas and times in which an inmate may use his
cell phone, the authorized places and phone numbers which the
inmate may call and/or receive phone call from. The CPU-ADM system
in cooperation with the base station unit and cell phone detection
units inputs, controls and monitor how long an inmate may stay on
the phone, the cost incurred for each phone call, records the
inmates conversations, correlates voice pattern with each inmate to
insure each is the inmate is prescribed to use the cell phone, and
that one inmate is not talking on another inmate's cell phone;
correlates voice pattern of all calls made by the inmate and their
recipient(s). The CPU-ADM system analyzes all calls received and
all calls made in conjunction with all person(s) contacted and
analyzes for threat group, and security concerns and trends. The
system monitors threat alerts analysis and on keys words. The
CPU-ADM system interfaces with the canteen/inmate trust fund to
debit inmate's account for each call made. The CPU-ADM system
interface allows for inmates to input their desired call numbers,
system allows for security personnel monitoring.
[0242] FIG. 28 illustrates one embodiment of the invention, where a
restricted cell phone (2801) is being controlled by a communication
control unit (2802) when a wireless communications device (2801) is
detected within a restricted area (2800), and this phone tries to
make a 911 call. There are several ways to make this possible and
to insure security and restriction on the use of that cell phone.
The first embodiment of the invention is to backhaul (2806) the
call to a 911 emergency response staff (2807) specifically designed
to handle this restricted coverage area (2800). This methodology
will provide for quicker response and the personnel (2807) handling
the call center will be specially trained to respond to the
emergency and this will eliminate wasting personnel outside the
restricted area to respond to someone trying to defeat the "no cell
phone security system." Additionally, the law enforcement personnel
within the jurisdiction of the secure facility responding to the
911 call may monitor the situation and record the call and provide
a quicker response. To assist in the response, integrating the
communication control unit with the CCTV system (2811), officer
alarm system (2814) and inmate tracking system (2812) will provide
the responding personnel the ability to see who is making the call,
which inmate(s) (2809)(2815) and/or staff (2810) are around the
caller. To accomplish the connection to the 911 call center (2805),
the backhaul can be accomplished through a wire line connection
(2806) to the emergency call center. However, there are other
methods of backhauling discussed in the patent that are also
applicable. This same methodology can be used when transmitting
authorized calls.
[0243] FIG. 28A illustrates the second methodology to allow the 911
call to be released to the commercial carrier. This can happen
through several methodologies. Several processes however need to be
in place, to insure the inmate does not use the 911 call to get
around the "no call phone restriction system". In this embodiment
of the invention, the call connection needs to be seamlessly
released to the carrier, to provide a quick response to 911
authorities. However, where the initial goal is to prevent
unauthorized calls, it is important the communication control unit
(2802) has control of the "911 released" wireless communication
device (2816), after the caller ends their 911 call. There is an
opportunity for the caller to the place another call through the
commercial carrier. One methodology is to monitor the call and to
verify it is still connected to the 911 system. Once the call is
disconnected from the 911 system, the communication control unit
sweeps the channels of the commercial provider to which channel the
phone was transferred to.
[0244] In this embodiment, a communication control unit (2802), is
a transceiver communications system which communicates with a
wireless communication device, such as a base station system, an
access point, including such devices as a wireless access point, a
femtocell, a picocell, a microcell and the like.
[0245] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 28A, the communication
control unit (2802) connects to all wireless communication devices
(2801) within the restricted zone (2800). The communication control
unit (2802) connects the cell phone (2801) through a common switch
(2819) and/or Telco Switch with the commercial carrier (2803) and
does a hand off with the commercial carrier (2803) as a commercial
carrier would hand off a call from one tower to another tower, as
when a caller is driving and talking on the phone. FIG. 28A also
illustrates another embodiment in which the communication control
unit (2802) first switches the channel of the phone from a blocked
channel (in this example, channel 8) to an open carrier channel (in
this example channel 1), then the communication control unit (2802)
transfers the phone (2801) off the communication control unit's
channel 8. This can be accomplished by disconnecting the cell phone
from the communication control unit. The 911 calling cell phone
(2816) will try to reconnect to the communication control unit
(2802) first because it is a higher power level, (the communication
control unit (2802) has the option to lower its power to eliminate
this from occurring), the communication control unit (2802) will
not accept the reacquiring phone (2816) and the cell phone will go
to the next closest accepting tower, in this case a commercial
carrier (2803). The communication control unit may lower its power
for a predetermined period of time so that the cell phone may
acquire the closest accepting tower and then return its power level
to a power greater than the accepting tower so as to capture any
other cell phones attempting to connect to the accepting tower. The
cell phone attached to the accepting tower remains connected to the
accepting tower even through the power from the communication
control unit is greater than that of the accepting tower.
[0246] In another embodiment the communication control unit (2802),
controls channels 2-8 (2821) and does not control channel 1, all
cell phones who come up on channel 1 will attach to the closest
commercial carrier (2803). The communication control unit (2802)
switches the channel of the cell phone (2820) from a blocked
channel to the open carrier channel (2817), the cell phone will
only find the carrier channel (2817).
[0247] FIG. 28A further illustrates the embodiment in which the
communication control unit (2802), includes a Channel Sweep
Software Program (2822) that initiates a protocol to capture and/or
re-capture the phone (2816) which is on the open commercial channel
(2817). This program can run periodically, and/or is initiated by a
signal detection unit and/or the communication control unit and the
like, which monitors the open channel (2817) specifically looking
to recapture the 911 caller's cell phone and/or unknown cell
phone(s) (2801). This methodology prevents the 911 transferred cell
phone (2816) and/or an unauthorized cell phone(s) from making
additional calls, send texts and the like. This methodology also
picks up cell phones within the restricted area (2800) which are on
an open commercial channel (2817). The Channel Sweep Software
Program (2822) monitors the phone activity on open channel 2817. In
an embodiment of the invention, if authorized phone(s) are
currently using channel 1, the Channel Sweep Software Program moves
the authorized phone(s) to another Telco Channel, (now the new
"open Channel (2821)" and moves the unauthorized cell found to
"hold channel" (2824).
[0248] FIG. 28A furthers illustrates that there is a set of
protocols (2823) between the communication control system (2802)
and the commercial carrier (2803) and the like. When a 911 call is
finished, the commercial carrier (2803) will change the channel
(2817) of the 911 caller (2816) from the open channel (2817) to a
held channel (2824). The commercial carrier (2803) will terminate
the connection (2817) to the 911 caller (2816) and the caller will
then re-attach to the communication control unit (2802) on a held
channel (2824).
[0249] In another embodiment the protocol (2823) setup between the
commercial carrier and the communication control unit will have a
timed program running and the commercial carrier (2803) will
terminate the connection(s) to all cell phones in the commercial
carrier cell sector (2826) of the restricted area. A variation of
this embodiment, commercial carrier (2803) will change all phones
in standby to a communication control system's (2802) held channel
(2824).
[0250] In another embodiment the communication control unit system
(2802) analyzes the current configuration of the commercial carrier
and chooses a new "to be opened" channel which is used by the
commercial carrier (2803), if that new channel is currently being
used by the communication control unit (2802) as a "captured and
hold channel" (2824) the communication control unit (2802) will
move all "captured and held" cell phone(s) on that channel to
another "captured and hold channel". Once the new channel is
established, the communication control unit system will close the
open channel (2817) used by the 911 caller, and all other phones,
will be acquired and held by the communication control unit (2802).
The communication control unit will then determine which of these
phones are "authorized" and which phone are "unauthorized". All
authorized phone will be switched to the new "Open "authorized"
Channel, all unauthorized phone(s) including the 911 called will be
switched to a "captured and hold channel" (2824).
[0251] This methodology can also be used to find "unauthorized"
phones which turn-on in the current Open "authorized" Channel. For
example, the communication control unit releases an authorized
phone to an open specific channel to allow authorized cell phones
to make and receive calls, (this is in a configuration in which the
facility allows specific authorized cell phone(s) in a restricted
area), the authorized phone is in standby on a commercial channel,
an inmate turns on an unauthorized phone, the channel happens to be
the Open "authorized" channel, therefore the inmate gets the
ability to make a call on the open channel. The control system is
interested in capturing the "new unauthorized cell phone" on the
Open "authorized" channel. The method described previously can be
implemented on a set schedule, or when a phone is detected in the
restricted area and/or when the communication control system fails
to capture.
[0252] In this embodiment the communication control system (2802)
and/or a signal detection unit passively listens to the Open
"authorized" channel looking for a connection by a cell phone
originating from the restricted/controlled area.
[0253] In an alternative embodiment, the commercial carrier (2803)
can change the channel of the 911 caller to one of the
communication control unit's capture channels (2824) and then
terminate the connection to the 911 caller. The cell phone will try
to reacquire the commercial carrier (2803), however the
communication control unit's (2802) signal power level is set to
attract the 911 caller and the communication control unit (2802)
will take control and then move the "911 cell phone to a "captured
and hold channel".
[0254] In an embodiment of the invention, where the user wants to
continuously control and monitor all authorized call actions
including a 911 call either by an authorized and/or unauthorized
caller and may choose not to allow an Open "authorized" Channel,
the communication control unit (2802) may connect a 911 call and/or
an authorized call via a wireless communication protocol (802.xx),
an IP backhaul, a VOIP backhaul, and/or utilizing a Femtocell
and/or Pico base station communications portal backhaul, (IP
protocol connection), internet and the like (2826) via to the
commercial provider (2803) and/or the Telco switch (2819), or in a
situation in which the secure facility has a telecommunication
system designed to handle landlines, the call can be routed to the
landline system, such as an inmate phone system and/or a PBX
system. In this embodiment, the communication control unit (2802)
still maintains control of the cell phone and its
functionality.
[0255] FIG. 29 illustrates an embodiment of the invention where it
is important to allow an inmate(s) to communicate with their family
and friends in a secure, safe and monitored manner, all of the
inmate(s) can use any of the above communication portals and
utilize cell phone (2802) and/or utilize 802.xx protocol
communication devices (2901) and be routed to any of the above
mentioned communication systems. The 802.xx communication devices
can be mounted on a wall (2904) or in the inmate's cell area
(2901). For inmates in segregation units, where calling is
restricted, the calling can be done through a two way intercom
system (2903), cell phone (2820) or hand set (2902) to a switch
(2905) then to the landline system (2907) and/or any of the above,
and/or through an inmate phone system (2908) and/or a PBX system
(2909) and the like. These connections can work directly through a
CCU (2902). In an embodiment of the system, in which an authorized
phone is being connected to the commercial carrier (2803), there
are several methodologies. In one embodiment, as discussed in FIG.
28, the authorized cell is detected and connected to the
communication control unit (CCU) (2802), the CCU verifies the cell
phone is authorized, then the CCU directs the cell phone to the
channel of the Femtocell (2850), wherein the Femtocell then
verifies the authorized cell phone is also on its authorized list.
In an embodiment of the invention, the CCU (2802) sends the
authorized information to the Femtocell (2850), as the cell phone
is being directed to the Femtocell, this way each authorized phone
information is simultaneously sent to the Femtocell. In another
embodiment of the system, as shown in FIG. 29A, when the CCU (2902)
detects an authorized cell phone (2802), the CCU (2902) instructs
the Power Control Module (2910) to lower the power of the control
channel signal for the channel which the authorized cell phone
(2802) is being sent to make an authorized call. The power is
lowered for a set period of time to allow the authorized cell phone
to attach to the Telco (telephone service provider). The CCU then
raises the control channel signal above the Macro signal of the
Telco so as to acquire all cell phones that may be initiating a
call. In a preferred embodiment, the CCU lowers the power of the
control channel for a predetermined period of time. In one
embodiment of the system the power raising and lowering methodology
can be performed in the radio head. In another embodiment, the
methodology is accomplished by a programmable adjustable gain
circuit, depending on the power of the Macro signal provided by the
Telco, wherein the power up and power down cycle is adjusted to
accommodate the Telco network characteristics. In an embodiment the
communication control unit (2802) can be used as a monitoring,
scheduling, routing and control for inmate communications with
family and friends.
[0256] In an embodiment of the invention, when the cell phone
inside the restricted area (2800) is controlled by the
communication control unit CCU, the CCU holds on to the cell phone
continuously as long as the phone is in the restricted area. In an
embodiment of the invention, to maintain complete control of a
restricted and authorized phone, a direct communication bridge is
created between the communication control unit and the commercial
Telco (3001). The embodiment of the invention, whether the cell
phone is authorized and/or unauthorized, is to control the cell
phone, its functionality, abilities, capabilities and features of
the cell phone(s) while allowing the cell phone to make and/or
receive a call and/or restricting the cell phone by not allowing
calls or limiting the ability of the call allowed to be made. The
communication bridge maybe cellular, wire line, microwave,
wireless, switch sets and the like. In an embodiment, the CCU sends
an update to the controlled phone and modifies its ability to send
and receive email, by disabling its ability to send and receive
data packets. In an embodiment of the invention, the CCU modifies
the cell phone MIN/IMSI, thereby, if the cell phone finds an
opening in the restricted zone, it cannot establish a connection to
the Macro (Telco), and the like. Through the methodologies
described, the cell phone in the restricted area can send and
receive calls, only if the cell phone is determined to be
authorized to send and receive such calls.
[0257] FIG. 30 illustrates a further preferred embodiment where the
communication control unit (2802) restricts the capabilities of
restricted area cell phone(s) (2801, 2820) by changing and/or
modifying the feature and capabilities of the cell phone, and/or
uploading software modifications (3003) to the cell phone(s) (2801,
2820) to change their feature and capabilities. Another methodology
is to disable the features of the controlled wireless communication
device (2801) by reprogramming the capabilities and functionality
of the cell phones and limit their ability to communicate (3003).
The communication control unit provides limited conductivity and
prevents any alternative communications methodology; these
functions will be disabled in the communication control unit (2801)
by the system software when it establishes the connection to
connect the 911 call and/or alternately by the commercial Telco
(3001) when it receives a 911 call via the communication protocol.
This solution can also be implemented in regard to authorized
phones (2820) to limit their capability within a restricted area
(2800).
[0258] FIG. 30 illustrates an embodiment wherein a direct
communication bridge (3002) can be in the form of a cellular
connection, wireless conduit, or wire line connections, switch set,
straight backhaul to the switch and the like. When the 911 call is
initiated by the unauthorized phone (2801) (or unauthorized or
restricted communications device and the like), the communication
control unit connects the controlled wireless communication device
to the communications bridge (3002) so the call goes through and
the communication control unit (2801) can monitor the call, if
necessary, and also any attempt by the controlled wireless
communication device (2801) to defeat the system, such as dialing a
second number or executing an email, accessing the web, IP chat,
and the like. The communication control unit (2802) can prevent
such actions.
[0259] FIG. 31 Illustrates a preferred embodiment of the system
wherein controlling the output of the transmission of the cell
phone and to the cell phone is critical. The Communication control
system (2802) is programmed to allow only specific data packets to
and from the cell phone (2801). The communication control unit
(2802) restricts all data except voice data packet(s) and/or
packet-switched data sets and/or the like. This function is
performed by analyzing each packet set and only allowing the packet
set containing voice data and the like. The goal of this embodiment
is to disable cell phone features such as email, instant messaging,
video streaming, an ability to make a second call upon an existing
call, three way calling and the like, such as twit, and limit
access to voice only. The system will also analyze the voice packet
to make sure nothing else in encapsulated in the voice
transmission, in that some restricted area have sensitive data and
security documents which are not authorized to be transmitted.
[0260] One of the challenges of controlling wireless communication
with third party systems is the reluctance of the commercial
carrier to provide conductivity to the Telco network and
infrastructure such as HLR/Encryption keys, and backbone services.
A second challenge of controlling wireless communication is
retaining complete control of the wireless device, while allowing
the Macro network (or Telco) to send calls and data messages to the
controlled device. When under the control of the CCU the wireless
device is invisible to the Macro network, therefore the Macro
network does not have an ability to send a call to the wireless
device (cell phone) within the controlled area (2800). FIG. 31
illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the
CCU's wireless communication emulator (WCE) (3103) establishes a
connections with the commercial carrier (2803) as the wireless
device, using the cell phone's communication protocols and identity
thereby establishing an over the air communication connection to
the Commercial Carrier (2803). When someone tries to call the cell
phone 2801/2820 the CCU's wireless communication emulator (WCE)
(3103) receives the communication the CCU and controls the
call.
[0261] The CCU then has the option to connect the outside caller
with the restricted zone cell phone (2801/2820) or preventing the
communication/data connections, depending on a set of established
parameters. For example, if the phone is in a restricted area, the
calling party may be played a message the called party cannot
receive calls and is instructed to call back. Or if the phone is an
authorized phone (2820), connecting the communications, however
preventing data transfers because the phone is in a classified area
and data transmissions violate security policy and the like. FIG.
31 also illustrates using a Femto cell (3102) (and the like, a
device authorized by the commercial carriers) to be the bridge to
the commercial carrier, the CCU (2802) establishes and communicates
with the Femto cell. When a restricted phone attempts to make a
call the CCU sends the phone to and/or connects the phone to the
Femto cell. The Femto cell establishes the call via the commercial
carrier network. When an incoming call for a restricted phone is
requested of the commercial carrier network, the commercial carrier
establishes the connection through the Femto cell. As discussed
previously the CCU has the option to connect the incoming Femto
call to the restricted cell phone. In another embodiment of the
invention all authorized phones are re-directed and connected to
the commercial carrier via the Femto cell. One of the challenges of
allowing an air connection to the femtocell is preventing
unauthorized users.
[0262] Currently, packet switching is a digital networking
communications method that groups all transmitted data regardless
of content, type, or structure into suitably sized blocks, called
packets. Packet switching features delivery of variable-bit-rate
data streams (sequences of packets) over a shared network. When
traversing network adapters, switches, routers and other network
nodes, packets are buffered and queued, resulting in variable delay
and throughput depending on the traffic load in the network. Packet
switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm,
circuit switching, a method which sets up a limited number of
dedicated connections of constant bit rate and constant delay
between nodes for exclusive use during the communication session.
Currently two major packet switching modes exist; (1)
connectionless packet switching, also known as datagram switching,
and (2) connection-oriented packet switching, also known as virtual
circuit switching. In the first case each packet includes complete
addressing or routing information. The packets are routed
individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and
out-of-order delivery. In the second case a connection is defined
and reallocated in each involved node during a connection phase
before any packet is transferred. The packets include a connection
identifier rather than address information, and are delivered in
order.
[0263] Currently, packet mode communication may be utilized with or
without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers).
In all packet mode communication, network resources are managed by
statistical multiplexing or dynamic bandwidth allocation in which a
communication channel is effectively divided into an arbitrary
number of logical variable-bit-rate channels or data streams.
Statistical multiplexing, packet switching and other
store-and-forward buffering introduce varying latency and
throughput in the transmission. Each logical stream consists of a
sequence of packets, which normally are forwarded by the
multiplexers and intermediate network nodes asynchronously using
first-in, first-out buffering. Alternatively, the packets may be
forwarded according to some scheduling discipline for fair queuing,
traffic shaping or for differentiated or guaranteed quality of
service, such as weighted fair queuing or leaky bucket. In case of
a shared physical medium, the packets may be delivered according to
some packet-mode multiple access schemes.
[0264] In this embodiment some voice data packet(s), binary data,
circuit-switched wireless digital voice, and/or packet-switched
data sets and the like include Short Message Service (SMS); SMS is
a bidirectional service for short alphanumeric messages. Messages
are transported in a store-and-forward fashion. For point-to-point
SMS, a message can be sent to another subscriber to the service,
and an acknowledgement of receipt is provided to the sender. SMS
can also be used in a cell-broadcast mode, for sending messages
such as traffic updates or news updates. Multimedia Messaging
Service (MMS)--sometimes called Multimedia Messaging System--is a
communications technology developed by 3GPP (Third Generation
Partnership Project) that allows users to exchange multimedia
communications between capable mobile phones and other devices. An
extension to the Short Message Service (SMS) protocol, MMS defines
a way to send and receive, almost instantaneously, wireless
messages that include images, audio, and video clips in addition to
text.
[0265] Currently, EMS (Enhanced Message Service) is the step
between SMS and MMS, it has some of the MMS function like sending
formatted and colored TEXT, sample Graphics and Audio files which
are simple like Ring tones. EMS is being used by some limited
phones because its being supported by old networks instead of MMS,
which need (2G) or (3G) network. The (3G) network might support
very large MMS size while the (2G) may limit the MMS size to 100 KB
only.
[0266] Currently, SMS, MMS and EMS services are utilized within the
larger wireless domains such as GSM, TDMA, GPRS, and CDMA,
CDMA2000-1.times., EDGE, UMTS, GPRS and the like.
[0267] FIG. 31 further illustrates a preferred embodiment wherein
the communication control unit decodes the packet-switched wireless
communications and blocks the restricted data services from the
voice only service. The system includes Simple Mail Transport
Protocol (SMTP) preventions; a de-encryption tool set for
high-speed multi-media, SMS, EMS, and MMS enabled platforms, such
as 3G and the like.
[0268] In an embodiment, communication control unit includes the
whole cellular connections conduit including the Cell Tower and
Base Station and sub components, such as the Base Station
Controller (BSC), Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) and/or the Gateway
GPRS and the like. In an embodiment a base station is the cellular
relay station (or cell tower) that a cell phone talks to when
initiating or receiving a wireless call.
[0269] In this embodiment, the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) is a
computer-controlled switch for managing automated network
operations. An MSC automatically coordinates and controls call
setup and routing between mobile phones in a given service area. In
this embodiment the MSC maintains individual subscriber records,
current status of subscribers, and information on call routing and
subscriber information. Traditionally, there are two subscriber
databases called the Home Location Register (HLR) and the Visitor
Location Register (VLR). The HLR contains subscriber profiles,
while the VLR provides information relevant to roamers.
[0270] In an embodiment, a modified Home Location Register (HLR)
and/or the Visitor Location Register (VLR) are modified to contain
the unauthorized/authorized cell phone list and the like.
[0271] In this embodiment the SMS, EMS, WMA, and MMS and the like,
utilizes the Short Message Service Center (SMSC), which acts as a
store-and-forward system for relaying short messages. In a
preferred embodiment the system will disable and/or manipulate the
functionality of the Short Message Service Center to stop the
reception of said data packet(s) (message, data file, data packet
and the like) and reroute these data sets to a database for future
analysis. Additionally, since messages are stored in the network
until the destination cell phone becomes available, the
communication control unit will collect the waiting
packets/messages and the like and prevent them from reaching their
destination and reroute the data for future analysis.
[0272] In an another embodiment and application, where the GMSC
interrogates the Home Location Register (HLR) for subscriber
routing information and delivers the short message to the home MSC
or roaming MSC of the destination mobile unit the communication
control unit, will reroute these SMS, EMS, MMS data packets into a
database which will contain the sender's and receipt's unique
identifier(s), time-stamp reporting, location of cell phone at the
time of send, the receiving and transmitting cell phone number and
the like.
[0273] In an embodiment in which the commercial carrier utilizes a
basic point-to-point or broadcast-to-point subscriber services
Mobile-terminated short messages (MT-SM) and/or a Mobile-originated
short messages (MO-SM), in which MT-SMs are transmitted from the
SMSC to the handset or from the SMSC to other sources, the
communication control unit will intercept these messages as
mentioned above and return a report to the SMSC, confirming that
the message was delivered and/or informing the SMSC of the SMS
failure. The answer will depend on the parameter set on the system
within a specific application and goal the mission of the
system.
[0274] In an embodiment the commercial carrier deploys the use of a
short code, which is a carrier-specific (and therefore
carrier-dependent) phone number for applications routed through an
SMSC. Thus, it is intended that this embodiment to capture all
transmitted and received on-voice communications. However, it is
also anticipated that a message will be encrypted within a voice
packet, and API will be designed on smart phones to bypass the
current data transport methodologies and this invention anticipates
that inevitability and the like.
[0275] Additionally, in all of the interception of messages and/or
data transmissions, a preferred embodiment will include the
methodology to trigger the correct reply to the unauthorized
transmission, that the message and/or data was received and open by
the intended recipient.
[0276] In an embodiment, where the Subscriber Identity Modules
(SIM) cards is used for activation, and subscriber-profile
purposes, the communication control unit and/or system will modify
the SIM information, such as the electronic serial number (ESN)
and/or the mobile identification number (MIN) within the phone or
on the SIM card or within the phone to pull a subscriber offline.
By changing the SIM information, and/or the information identifying
the phone, the cell phone is not able to interface with the
commercial tower and/or the cell phone is denied access because the
identification information and the like, is incorrect.
[0277] In an embodiment the communication control unit interfaces
with the service-provider gateway(s) and/or commercial carrier
gateway(s) and provides the gateways with the unique identifier of
all restricted phones, and a set of parameters which indicate which
features of said phones should be disabled, which phones should be
controlled, maintained and the like. In another embodiment the
communication control unit interfaces with a set of transmitters
and/or transceivers through and/or by the service-provider
gateway(s) and/or commercial carrier gateway(s) and the like.
[0278] In an embodiment in which the cell phone is a Smart phone
and the like, and/or a phone which provides alternative
communication capabilities and/or advanced features, (i.e.,
includes the capability to transmits information without utilizing
FCC commercial carrier frequencies, utilized web enabled features,
such as twit and the like, for example the use of third-party
platform, that acts as an operating-system layer between the
Internet and wireless devices. This communication may be via Wi-Fi
on Wi-Fi enabled cell phones (and the like), the communication
control unit interfaces with a, or a set of, Wi-Fi access points
(ex. 433 mhz, 912 mhz . . . 2.5 ghz, etc.) which attract wireless
communications to the communication control unit. The communication
control unit will simulate the transmissions and the intended
results of a completed transmissions and/or send back a "received
indication". The goal is to provide the environment, in which the
restricted cell phone user believes they have an actual connection
and communication pathway, and provides the ability to the
communication control unit, to capture the date transmitted from
the cell phone and provides a simulated "correct" response.
[0279] In another embodiment, the wireless communication access
point, provides the intended recipient the belief the inmate sends
a message. However, this message is a rogue put in place to assist
law enforcement in the investigation and to thwart the continuing
criminal enterprise and allow the law enforcement personnel the
ability to catch the transmitter and receivers of restricted area
communications.
[0280] As previously mentioned one of the goals is to identify the
person who is attempting to contact the restricted area cell phone.
In a preferred embodiment the communication control unit (2802)
and/or the commercial carrier interrogates the person's cell phone
attempting to contact the restricted cell phone and collects
investigative data including but not limited to photos, text email,
phone records, voicemail, call history and the like.
[0281] In the case of other wireless communications, such as a
Wi-Fi access point being setup outside the restricted area to
provide a wireless communication conduit to someone inside the
restricted area, it is important to be able to detect that wireless
communications node and/or access point. In an embodiment the
signal detection system and/or the communication control unit
(2802) will monitor the external area around the restricted area to
detect any wireless communications which may be pointed at or
configured in such a way to provide wireless communication devices
within the restricted area to communicate outside the restricted
area. In an embodiment, the communication control unit and/or the
signal detection system will also look to detect wireless
communications within the restricted area communicating with other
wireless communications within the restricted area; for example, an
inmate in administrative segregation (ADSEG) communicating to an
inmate outside of ADSEG.
[0282] In the preferred embodiment, developing a commercial carrier
survey, which includes the footprint of the restricted area, the
settings, surrounding characteristics and a benchmark on the
cellular activity within and/or around the restricted area is
performed. Also benchmarking the characteristics of the commercial
base stations, their components, and the cell towers to provide the
ability to accurately and seamlessly simulate and/or clone the
towers and all of their characteristics, capabilities, data hand
shake protocols, unique identifies of each of the tower and
channels, signal strengths and the like. This dataset and database
of information is important to accurately place and to configure
the functionality of a communication control unit, so that the
communication control unit does in fact clone the commercial base
station and its towers. Additionally, this information gathered
provides the ability to catalog into a criminal justice database
which can cross reference cell phone activity usage, cell phone
purchases, gang activity and provider perimeter detection analysis
capabilities, information on the capturing of contraband cell
phone(s), assist in accurately detecting of a cell phone, provide
critical information for contraband investigations, provide trends
and analysis of preferred cell phone being used by inmates and
their criminal enterprise.
[0283] Some of the important and relevant information and data to
be gathered is: What tower cell(s) and/or sector is the restricted
area located in? How many towers in the area? What transceiver
frequencies does each tower provide? How many channels does each
tower have? What are the parameters of the control and reverse
control channels? What are the cell towers sectors and cell and
related power levels? What protocols is the tower capable of
communicating? What are the handshake protocols? What are the power
levels at each frequency and protocol? What are the unique
identifiers of each tower? How many cell phones are located inside
the restricted area? How cell phone may be located adjacent? How
many are transient cell phones? (example a corrections officer has
a cell phone, he drives 5 miles to work each way, the cell phone is
switched between three tower on his way to and from work, the phone
spends 8 hours at night sitting in sector/cell 2 of Tower B; Tower
B is a mile away from the corrections officer's home, the phone
spends 8 hours 5 days a week, in sector/cell 6/8 of Tower A).
[0284] For each cell phone within the above questions it is
important to know: What carrier each phone is connected to? What is
the cell phone number? What is the IMEI information? What is the
SIM information? What is the make and model of the cell phone? Who
the cell phone belongs to? Where is the billing address? What type
of billing on this phone? Is this phone paid for by check or credit
card? Does this phone belong to a person who works at the facility?
Does his phone belong to a friend and family member of an inmate?
Does this person live next to the restricted area? Does this phone
migrate from this location? If yes how often?
[0285] In a preferred embodiment where the desire is to shut down
the communications of a cell phone and/or wireless communication
device(s) and the protocol is encrypted to communicate with said
device, several methods are available to detect and take said cell
phone off line. In this embodiment, when the cell phone turns on,
it may or may not try to connect with the communication control
unit because the communication control unit does not have the
protocol to talk to the cell phone, the cell phone cannot
communicate with the communication control unit. Therefore, the
cell phone attaches to the commercial carrier who can understand
and communicate with the cell phone. This methodology of detection
and control is applicable to any wireless communication device. The
communication control unit and/or the signal detection unit(s)
detects a cell phone which is in the restricted area, however the
cell phone is encrypted and neither system can either connect to
the cell phone and/or cannot determine the unique identifier.
However, both systems can determine the general and/or specific
location, and/or the frequency and/or time stamp and/or the type
for the cell phone, which was detected, however, did not attach to
the communication control unit. The communication control unit
and/or the signal detection system provides that information to the
commercial provider by communication networks discussed earlier in
this patent or by another real-time and/or other means and the
like. Real-time is preferred; however, asynchronous communication
will also get the desired results. The commercial carrier
correlates the time stamp, frequency, type, location and determines
the cell phone which has eluded the communication control unit. The
commercial carrier provides the information above and the system
determines, as discussed in another patent application, whether
this is a contraband phone, an authorized phone, a transient phone
and the like.
[0286] In a preferred embodiment the communication control unit
and/or the signal detection system detects the encrypted
identifying information and utilizes the encrypted information as a
positive identification by sending the encrypted information to a
location and/or machine, and/or system such as the commercial
provider to decrypt the information and the like. Additionally, the
communication control unit and/or the signal detection system
utilize the unique encrypted data set to track and identify the
wireless communication device and the like.
[0287] In a preferred embodiment, the interface between the
communication control unit and/or the signal detection system and
the carrier allow the "authorities" (the law enforcement agency
controlling the restricted area) to shut down that cell phone
rather than the carrier.
[0288] In a preferred embodiment, communication control unit and/or
the signal detection system utilizes analysis algorithm(s) and
dataset and parameters on location, payment type, location of the
owner, transient properties of the cell phone, time of call,
location of call and the like, using the data collected above and
more and the like to determine, if the cell phone is actually a
contraband phone as opposed to a visitor to the facility sitting in
their car adjacent to the fence line, and/or the determined
location assures that the cell phone in questions is actually a
contraband phone.
[0289] In another preferred embodiment, where the desire is to shut
down the communications of a cell phone and/or wireless
communication device and the protocol and the available technology
is a signal detection device with and/or without an IMEI/IMSI,
electronic serial number (ESN) MIN discriminator and the like. In
this embodiment, when the cell phone turns on, the signal
detections system detects all and any wireless communication
devices. When the signal detection system detects a cell phone(s),
which is in the restricted area, the system determines the general
and/or specific location, and/or the frequency and/or time stamp
and/or the type for the cell phone, and in some case(s) the unique
identifier. The signal detection system provides that information
to the commercial provider by a communication network as discussed
earlier in this patent or by other real-time methods and/or other
means and the like. The Real-time method is preferred; however,
asynchronous communications will also get the desired results.
Currently, in cellular telecommunications, there are three cell
phone identifiers; the cell phone (device) ID, for CDMA it is the
MEID, and or GSM it is the IMEI; the subscriber ID; for CDMA it is
the MIN, for GSM it is the IMSI; and the cell phone number to call
out and the cell phone number to be called; for CDMA it is the MDN
and for GSM it is the MSISDN. Traditionally, each cellular
telephone has an Electronic Serial Number (ESN) hardwired into the
phone by the manufacturer. This number is uniquely and permanently
associated as to identify each and every cellular phone. Also, when
a cellular telephone is put into service, it is assigned a Mobile
Identification Number (MIN) by the cellular service provider. This
is the ten-digit area code and telephone number of the phone. The
mobile equipment identifier (MEID) is a globally unique number
identifying a physical piece of CDMA mobile station equipment. The
commercial carrier correlates using the information received from
the signal detection system to determine the cell phone(s)
identification in the restricted area. For example, if the signal
detection system which provides the ESN, MIN, IMEI, MEID positive
identification is automatically determined. Thus, if the signal
detection system provides the frequency, location, time stamp
and/or the type the commercial carrier can correlate the timestamp
and frequency provided with the phone's IMEI and/or phone number.
The signal detection system determines, as discussed herein and in
the aforementioned related patent applications, whether this is a
contraband phone, an authorized phone, an unauthorized phone, a
restricted area phone, staff phone, transient phone and the
like.
[0290] In an embodiment of the invention it is critical to
configure communication control unit to work with the commercial
carrier tower parameters such as frequency, protocols, cell/sector
coverage, transceiver power, channel coverage, frequency priorities
and the like. To cover all of the channels, protocols and
frequencies of a carrier tower the communication control unit must
know the tower parameters and when those parameters change. In an
embodiment the communication control unit monitors all of the
towers within the vicinity of the restricted area. The
communication control system tower configuration database and
algorithm utilizes the data parameters such as frequency,
protocols, and cell/sector coverage, transceiver power, and channel
coverage, frequency priorities, to optimize the communication
control unit to effectively and completely control the cell phone
usage within an area.
[0291] In a preferred embodiment the commercial carrier provides
all the tower parameters such as frequency, protocols, control and
reverse control channels, cell/sector coverage, transceiver power,
channel coverage, frequency priorities and the like, as they change
to the communication control system so that the communication
control unit works proficiently. The communication control system
tower configuration database and algorithm utilizes the data
parameters such as frequency, protocols, cell/sector coverage,
transceiver power, channel coverage, frequency priorities, to
optimize the communication control unit to effectively control the
cell phone usage within an area.
[0292] In another embodiment the communication control system sets
up equipment which interfaces with the tower and/or monitors
changes and/or to detect changes in the tower parameters.
[0293] In the preferred embodiment the data derived from the
commercial carrier surveys on the cell phone usage in and around
the footprint of the restricted area provides an ability to see and
understand how contraband gets into prisons. Correlating who is
bring in these phones, what call these contraband phones call,
determining the relationship between prisons and who is the
organized element providing contraband.
[0294] In the preferred embodiment the communication control unit,
(also known as a base station denial of services system) is
seamlessly integrated with a signal detection system. In an
embodiment, this signal detection system is a time-domain based
location and tracking system, which covers the frequency of all of
the cell phone frequency channels as well as all of the Wi-Fi
frequencies, walkie-talkie and rogue frequencies. Currently, 300
MHz to 3.5 g should be scanned; however, this will change over time
and will have to be expanded. The integrated detection and control
system allows for the accurate determination of whether the cell
phone is within the restricted area or is just on the other side of
the fence. This ability to accurately determine the location is
critical to make sure only restricted phone are denied service and
commercial carrier customers.
[0295] In this embodiment, the base station technology is
integrated with a time-domain location and tracking system, and/or
an amplitude detection and location, identification and tracking
system with more sensors for a more accurate location
capability.
[0296] One of the challenges is preventing wireless communication
device within a restricted area the ability to defeat the system by
being able to choose and/or choosing a commercial tower and
avoiding the control unit system. This embodiment solves that
situation. When a phone is detected in the restricted area and is
not under the control of the communication control unit, the system
provides the unique identifier(s) (frequency, IMEI, time code,
sector/cell and the like) to the commercial provider to disable
that cell phone.
[0297] In the preferred embodiment, preventing the cell phone from
ever being able to bypass the communication control unit is also
the intention of this invention. Cell phone apps (applications), in
the future, and is some cases, currently, will be able to pick and
choose their wireless connections/wireless conductivity and their
commercial providers and or commercial providers' towers. To
prevent the communication control unit from being intentionally
and/or accidently bypassed, the communication control unit needs to
simulate the characteristics (e.g., frequency, duty cycle,
modulation, phases, etc.) of the signals provided by commercial
provider's towers so that the unauthorized cell phone cannot
distinguish between the tower(s) and communication control
unit.
[0298] In the preferred embodiment when the cell phone chooses the
commercial tower the cell phone will still attach to the
communication control unit, if the cell phone is within the area of
interest. This act is performed working in collaboration with the
commercial carriers.
[0299] In the preferred embodiment the communication control system
tower configuration database and algorithm utilizes the data
parameters such as frequency, protocols, cell/sector coverage,
control and reverse control channels, transceiver power, channel
coverage, frequency priorities, cell tower(s) location(s),
transceiver frequencies, channel parameters, sector parameters,
channel distribution, cell towers sector frequencies, cell power
levels, tower protocols handshake protocols, power levels at each
frequency and protocol, tower, base station and the commercial
provider's unique identifiers and identification identifiers, cell
sector, and channel intersection information and their power levels
at each location, and provider's encryption protocols and
identifiers and the like, to clone and optimize the communication
control unit to look like each commercial tower(s) in the area.
[0300] In an embodiment when a cell phone in the area of interest
looks for an alternative cell tower to connect with, such as a
commercial provider's tower(s), the cell phone only sees the
communication control unit and/or the communication control
system's other wireless communications options, such as Wi-Fi
access points and the like.
[0301] In an preferred embodiment, the Wi-Fi access points provides
the unauthorized cell phone with a connection which provides the
user with a controlled portal experience, which the restricted user
believes he has found a hole in the system. However, this portal is
controlled. This connection provides the communication control
system an ability to infiltrate the cell phone and gather
information of the users, provides an ability to modify the
features of the cell phone to the benefit of the secure facility.
This embodiment is also applicable to all alternative communication
transceiver(s), such as Wi-Fi, Wi-Max communications devices and
the like and also applicable to all other wireless communication
devices and the like.
[0302] In another preferred embodiment when the cell phone looks
for an alternative cell tower to connect with the cell phone only
sees clones/shadows of commercial tower(s) and when the cell phone
tries to connect to the clone(s)/shadows of commercial tower(s),
the phone actually attaches to the communication control unit.
However, the phone is displayed that it has connected to the
commercial and/or alternative tower. This embodiment is also
applicable to all alternative communication transceiver(s), such as
Wi-Fi, Wi-Max and the like and also applicable to all wireless
communication devices and the like.
[0303] These preferred embodiments solve a known problem(s) and
situation facing the corrections and law enforcement community, in
which a restricted cell phone gets conductivity though a wireless
802.xx connection which is established outside the restriction zone
(i.e., an inmate has friend place an Wi-Fi access point with
commercial cellular conductivity in a parking lot which is not
within the restricted area, therefore, the access point connects to
the commercial tower and has unrestricted access to the outside
world, then the inmate uses a 802.xx connection to reach that
access point and now the inmate has a communication conduit which a
managed access system alone would not detect. These embodiments in
concert remove this threat completely.
[0304] In an embodiment of the invention, where the goal is to
gather the unique identifier of the wireless communication device
without using transceiver technology and the cell phone, for
example, is in standby, and the system sets up a set of repeater
signal systems which will repeat the neighboring cell tower's
channel and raise the power level of the neighboring cell tower's
channel(s) greater than the power of the cell tower which the cell
phone is currently connected to. This will attract the cell phone
to change towers and provide for a reconnection protocol.
[0305] One of the challenges of controlling a cell phone is knowing
which cell phone is posing a danger and which cell phone does not
pose a danger. In one embodiment of the invention, the system
detects a wireless communication device and determines how that
cell phone should be treated. In this embodiment, a cell phone is
detected by the Communication Control Unit. The unique identifier
is determined and compared to a list of "authorized phones". If the
phone is authorized to make a call, (authorization variables,
include, time of call, person calling, person called, shift
information, scheduling information, unit location, job position .
. . ) the system then checks the location of where the phone is
presently to determine whether the phone is authorized to make a
call from that area.
[0306] In an embodiment of the invention, a signal detection system
verifies the exact location of the wireless communication device;
the zone database identifies and classifies each area of the
facility, for example: red areas may be housing units, inmate
areas, inmates cells, programs and inmate population areas, inmate
rec yards; grey areas may represent perimeter areas which are
susceptible to misidentification. e.g., fence lines, wall
perimeters and green areas may represent areas such as
administration areas, staff dominated areas. The exact location of
the phone is important to determine whether this phone is actually
within one of those restricted areas and/or sectors.
[0307] In an embodiment, If the cell phone is not authorized, (cell
phone is determined by the unique identifier not being on the
authorized list), several scenarios need to be determined before
the cell phone is denied making and/or receiving a call. Variables
include: who is the caller trying to call, is this phone actually
in a restricted area.
[0308] In an embodiment, the communication control unit (CCU)
controls unauthorized, and monitors, the cell phone to determine
what number and programs are being executed on the cell phone and
determines what number is being called. Additionally, the
Communication Control Unit is monitoring the cell phone activity
(email, messaging, tried calls) and all data is being stored for
retrieval and analysis. If the cell phone calls an emergency number
(e.g., 911) the program determines how to handle a 911 call; some
option include: releasing the 911 call back to the commercial
carrier to complete the 911 call, or redirecting the 911 call via a
PBX connection routing the call to the facility security team or
redirecting the call via a picocell and IP backhaul. The two latter
options allow monitoring of the call automatically; the former
solution, call still can be monitored. (see FIG. 27, for resolving
911 calls).
[0309] In an embodiment of the invention, the system looks at the
number the "not authorized" cell phone is trying to call and the
system compares the number with numbers in a database of inmate
called phone numbers and known associates of inmates, their friends
and relatives; this can be from the Inmate phone system and/or the
inmate records and/or visitor records and/or the cell phone ID
sensor in the lobby and/or the like. If the number being called is
a known security risk, such as the database numbers or the like,
the system "denies service" and notifies security, logs the
incident, alerts administration, displays location of disabled
phone on a GUI interface, notates the location, type and
identification and service; the system also compiles this data for
investigation, and the like.
[0310] In an embodiment of the invention, if the "not authorized"
cell phone/wireless device is trying to place a call, email, and
the like and the called/text/communicated with is unknown, and/or
the wireless device is in standby, the system looks to the location
of the phone to verify the phone is actually in the restricted
zone. The Communication Control Unit (CCU) and/or the Cell Phone
Detection System (CPDS) verifies which zone the cell phone is
located (green, grey, red . . . ). Secondarily, the system looks to
see if the cell phone has been denied access before. The system
runs a weighted set of algorithms to determine whether the cell
phone which was denied access, is actually an unauthorized phone or
a phone which has, by accident, been picked up by the system. Some
of the variables which make up the analysis of the weighted
algorithm are, but not limited to, number of denials, number of
locations, number of times, number called and the like. When the
system, detects a phone which is not an authorized phone, but also
is confirmed to not pose a threat the system adds it to a "Pose No
Danger List". The agency decides how to deal with the pose no
danger list. Some examples are neighbors who live next to the
complex, people who work at the facility, frequent pedestrian who
walk frequently near the complex and the like.
[0311] In an embodiment of the invention, the system uses different
detections techniques such as phase angle cell phone detection,
narrow band antenna signal detection, phase detection, amplitude
detection, time-domain detection to resolve the ambiguity and the
precise location of the wireless device. If it is determined the
cell phone is most likely outside the restricted zone, the system
checks to see if the number dialing is a neighbor, visitor,
staff/trusted persons. The system looks at databases which contains
these numbers. The system also verifies whether this ID has been
released before and verifies why. The systems also verifies whether
the number being called is on a known agency list, state agency,
and/or known entity.
[0312] In an embodiment of the invention, if the phone belongs to a
neighbor or staff member, the system allows the call/text and/or
the incoming call, alert facility admin, (options register neighbor
phone(s), register staff phone(s), verify location of call, develop
a matrix of "zone violation mis-identifications"
[0313] In an embodiment of the invention, if the device cannot be
confirmed that it is outside the restricted area and/or cannot
confirm previous history at the facility, the system runs
additional tests. FIG. 26 illustrates utilizing Telco History data
to make a determination whether the wireless communications device
is: new to the area, arrived today, migrates thru the area and the
like and this data is also used for investigative, and
documentation history.
[0314] The system downloads phone history from the commercial
provider and uses the data to see whether the device has previous
history. The data from the TELCO may include all data connections
transfer, cell, locations connections (sector, cell) transmission
history, data, transmissions, GPS information, tower information
connections history, Telco cell sector(s)/wireless access nodes,
device ownership, payment information, name of owner. The system
looks for phone's usage, tower information, tower locations,
channel and sector/cell locations; checks to see if the cell phone
arrived in the area today; whether the cell phone belongs to
someone local; whether history shows consistency of local usage;
whether the phone is registered to staff. With this analysis the
system determines the likelihood that the cell phone is a
legitimate cell phone and whether the call should be allowed.
[0315] In another embodiment where tracking and identifying a
wireless communication device(s) in standby, in an environment
where many wireless communication devices are present, or in an
environment in which the location of the person carrying the cell
phone provides data and/or where the specific location of the cell
phone and/or wireless device is critical, having the wireless
device transmit a signal and/or its identification is important.
Such as a conference center, mall, secure facility and/or casino
detecting the phone in standby is important. FIG. 32 illustrates a
method of using base station technology to stimulate cell phone
and/or other wireless communication which are in standby. In FIG.
32, elements 1, 2, 3, and 4, represent four Femto/Pico base
stations. Femtocells 1 and 2 have distributed antennas providing a
network of spatially separated antenna nodes which provide cell
coverage in a directional column fashion and Femto cell 3 and 4
have distributed antennas providing a network of spatially
separated antenna nodes which provide cell coverage in a
directional row fashion.
[0316] In this embodiment the power lever of Femto 4 is greater
than Femto 1, Femto 1 is greater than Femto 3, and Femto 3 is
greater than Femto 2. When a cell phone moves from one row to
another or from one column to another row the cell phone detects a
different power level, thereby requesting the cell tower to connect
to the new greater powered tower. Additionally, in another
embodiment where it is desirable to have cell phones which are
stationary (not moving outside the prescribed column and/or row) to
provide their location and identification, modulating the Femto
cell transmission power at a set time and power level in
coordination with the intersecting directional femtocell provides a
method by which the cell phone in standby which has been stationary
will also switch towers and provide its location and
identification.
[0317] In another embodiment, other methodologies for detecting
cell phone in standby also will produce the same results such as
switching and/or setting intersecting and/or adjacent column and
row femtocells from low band to high band, or from one channel to
another, one frequency to another or one protocol or another. In
this embodiment, each femtocell is backhauled to provide continuous
conductivity to the Telco. In another embodiment and methodology,
the femtocells are not backhauled and do not accept the hand off
and the cell phones stay connected to the Telco, still producing a
positive identification.
[0318] In another embodiment, such as described in FIG. 33, a cell
phone in an area is controlled by femtocell C (see Example B) and
at certain time interval femtocell D increases its power greater
than femtocell C, the cell phone in the area re-acquires and
attaches to femtocell D. At that set time all cell phones in the
area transmit their handshake information, wherein the femtocell D
and the signal detection sensor isolate the location of all cell
phones. Depending on the density of the cell phones within this
area the power decrease is incremented to allow a percentage of the
cell phones to reacquire at each incremental decrease in power.
[0319] In another embodiment the Pico/Femtocell (base station)
which provides cell coverage within a complex, is configured to
exert a coverage pattern as illustrated in FIG. 33. Example A,
where femtocell A provides directional column coverage through 9
directional antenna arrays and where femtocell B provides
directional row coverage through 9 directional antenna arrays. This
configuration allows for each sector, A5, for example, to be either
a femtocell A controlled sector or a Femtocell B controller sector.
This is important in situations where the resolution of cell phone
in a sector can be determined down to a sector and in situations
where one wants to identify one or more sectors at a time by
switching on the switch and regulating the power down the
directional antenna each sector is controllable.
[0320] In another embodiment, the signal detection sensors are
synchronized to the base station technology (femtocell) to provide
positive identification of each cell phone within the area. In
another embodiment the signal detection sensor include a cell phone
decoder chip to positively identify any phone detected independent
of the femtocell.
[0321] While the invention has been described in connection with
certain preferred embodiments; other embodiments and/or
modifications would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the
art and are encompassed herein.
[0322] Methods may include (i) a cell-sector system that collects
information pertaining to cell and sector ID's, (ii) the
assisted-global positioning satellite (GPS) technology utilizing a
GPS chipset in a mobile communication facility, (iii) standard GPS
technology, (iv) enhanced-observed time difference technology
utilizing software residing on a server that uses signal
transmission of time differences received by geographically
dispersed radio receivers to pinpoint a user's location, (v) time
difference of arrival, (vi) time of arrival, (vii) angle of
arrival, (viii) triangulation of cellular signals, (ix) location
based on proximity to known locations (including locations of other
radio-transmitters), (x) map-based location, or any combination of
any of the foregoing, as well as other location facilities known to
those of skill in the art. In one aspect of the invention, the
location may be determined using a method of non-iterative linear
equations as shown in FIG. 19. Furthermore, in an embodiment of the
transmission detection, controlling, identification, and reporting
system 1500, discussed earlier, being able to determine the
location, the type, the identification, the unique identifier, the
time, and the frequency of the transmission facility provides
parameters within an algorithm and data mining program to determine
the danger and/or importance of a transmission facility and how to
react to said transmission facility. As discussed in this patent
application and other related patent applications, the type of base
station, the location of base station and the power of the base
station, also contribute important information, whether to control
a transmission facility 202, together and alone these contributing
factors coupled with the following: location of the transmission
facility 202, type of transmission facility 202, identification of
transmission facility 202, time of transmission of the transmission
facility 202 frequency of the transmission facility 202, based on
type of base station technology and/or location of base station
technology may determine the and the like.
[0323] FIG. 34 illustrates a flow chart 3400 of an exemplary
process operable in a pseudo-base station for detecting and
processing a wireless communication device or transmission facility
in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0324] As illustrate a signal transmission from a wireless
communication device is detected at block 3410. At block 3420, a
determination is made regarding a potential mode of operation of
the detected wireless device. At block 3430, the detected signal
mode of operation or operational protocol may be determined based
on the frequency band and the bandwidth of the detected signal. At
block 3440, an identification of a commercial carrier may be
determined based on the determined operation protocol. For example,
it is known that the commercial carrier AT&T utilizes a
protocol referred to as GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) which may operate in what is commonly referred to as
1G, 2G, 3G and 4G. 1G refers to a first generation wireless
communication protocol; 2G refers to a second generation wireless
communication protocol, etc. Each succeeding protocol generation
provides greater capability of the wireless communication device.
Similarly, the commercial carrier Verizon utilizes a protocol
referred to a CDMA (Code Division Multiple) and LTE (Long Term
Evolution). CMDA technology may operate is what is commonly
referred to as 2G and 3G, similar to GSM. LTE is similar is
capability to GSM 4G. Other commercial carriers such as Sprint and
T-Mobile use either GSM or CDMA.
[0325] At block 3450, a determination is made regarding the
commercial carrier associated with the wireless device and the
general protocol under which the wireless device is operating. If
it is determined the protocol is determined to be GSM (associated
with AT&T, for example), then processing continues at block
3460. However, if the protocol is determined to be CDMA (associated
with Verizon, for example) then processing continues at block
3470.
[0326] At block 3460, a determination is made, with regard to GSM
processing which generation of GSM processing the wireless device
is operating on. If 2G, then processing continues to block 3462, if
3G, processing continues to block 3464 and if 4G, processing
continues to block 3466.
[0327] At block 3470, a determination is made, with regard to CDMA,
which generation of CDMA processing the wireless device is
operating on. If the mode is 2G/3G, then processing continues to
block 3472, if LTE, processing continues to block 3474.
[0328] FIGS. 35A-35C illustrate flowcharts of exemplary processes
associated with 2G GSM processing (block 3462) in accordance with
the principles of the invention.
[0329] FIG. 35A illustrates an exemplary process wherein at block
3510 the detected signal is decoded and at block 3520 an
identification of the detected signal is made based on information
contained in or associated with the detected signal (as has been
previously described). At block 3625 a determination of
allowability is made. At block 3630 based on the determination of
allowability, processing continues to block 3535, when the signal
is determined to be allowed and to block 3550 when the signal is
determined not to be allowed.
[0330] At block 3535, 2G allowable processing is performed and at
block 3537 a channel output power of the pseudo base station is
maintained. The base station seeing the wireless device on a
different channel enables the wireless device to continue to
transmit and receive messages (e.g., voice and/or text).
[0331] At block 3550, 2G non-allowable processing is performed and
at block 3580, a current level of signal power is maintained in
order to retain the wireless device attached to the pseudo-base
station, as previously discussed.
[0332] FIG. 35B illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process
associated with 2G allowed processing (block 3535). As shown, an
available or open channel is determined at block 3536. The open
channel represents a channel that is associated with a base
station, which contains sufficient capability to allow one or more
wireless devices to operate on. At block 3538, a determination is
made regarding the type of processing to be performed on the
determined allowed wireless device. For example, in one aspect of
the invention, a channel redirect command may be transmitted (block
3540) to the wireless device to command the wireless device to
operate on the determined open channel. The pseudo base station
continues to maintain its output power level to a current level so
as to enable the detection and capture of other devices.
[0333] However, in another aspect of the invention, at block 3544,
a command may be transmitted to the wireless device to operate on a
channel associated with a Femtocell device. The Femtocell may be a
device that is separate and independent of the base station and the
pseudo base station. In this case the open channel is associated
with a channel that has sufficient capability to handle one or more
devices. At block 3546, a re-authorization process is initiated to
insure that the device(s) allocated to the Femtocell are allowable
devices. The allowed devices may continue to operate on a Femto
cell channel while unallowed devices are processed in accordance
with 2G unallowed processing (block 3550).
[0334] In still a further aspect, referred to as C, block 3548 the
wireless device may be assigned to the MCS (Message Control
Station) associated with the base station. The MCS then directs the
wireless device to a backhaul switch that connects the wireless
device to a base station and/or landline.
[0335] FIG. 35C illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process
associated with 2G non-allowed processing (block 3550). As
illustrated, activities of the determined non-allowed wireless
device are monitored and managed at block 3552. At block 3554 a
determination is made with regard to the type of call being made
(i.e., voice text and emergency 911). At block 3556, processing is
directed based on the determined type of call. If voice, processing
continues to block 3558, where the PBX server voice recording is
initiated and processing continues at block 3552 to continue
monitoring the voice communication until the call is completed. In
this case the voice call has not been connected to the base station
as the wireless device has remained on the channel that the
wireless device was captured on. At block 3560, text processing
logs the message and may provide a response message. Processing
continues at block 3552 to continue monitoring the text messaging.
If the processing is to an emergency number (e.g. 911) then a
determination is made regarding a number of calls made to 911 by
the wireless device at block 3662. If the number of calls made
exceeds a predetermined limit then the wireless device is marked as
blacklisted and prevented from connecting to the 911 emergency
personnel at block 2568. However, if the number of calls has not
exceeded the limit, then the wireless device is connected to a PBX
landline at block 3566 in order to complete the emergency call.
Processing continues at block 3552 for continued monitoring of the
emergency call.
[0336] FIGS. 36A-36D illustrate flow charts of exemplary processes
for 3G GSM processing.
[0337] FIG. 36A illustrates at block 3610 the detected signal is
decoded. At block 3620, a determination is made whether the
detected signal has been successfully decoded. If not, then
processing continues to block 3622, where re-direct 3G processing
is performed. At block 3630, a control channel signal is
transmitted to the wireless device to command the wireless device
to operate in a lower protocol mode (e.g., 2G). At block 3632, the
output power of the pseudo station is maintained in order to
re-capture the wireless device using a lower protocol.
[0338] However, if the signal is decodable, then processing
continues at block 3640, wherein an identification of the wireless
device is made based on information of the signal or within the
signal. At block 3462, a determination is made regarding
allowability of the wireless device and at block 3644 processing is
directed to 3G allowable processing (block 3660) for allowed
signals and to 3G non-allowable processing (block 3670) for
non-allowable signals.
[0339] FIG. 36B illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary 3G
re-direct processing (block 2622) wherein the detection of the 3G
signal is logged at block 3624 and a protocol command is
established which directs the wireless device to operate at a lower
protocol (e.g., 2G) at block 3626.
[0340] FIG. 36C illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary 3G
non-allowed processing (block 3670) wherein at block 3672, the
wireless device is in one aspect of the invention, held-on the
current channel and prevented from connecting to the base station.
In another aspect of the invention, the wireless device is directed
(i.e., re-directed) to a new hold channel. The new hold channel may
be one that is not used by the base station. At block 3674, a
current power output of the pseudo station is maintained in order
to prevent the wireless device from accessing or connecting to the
base station. At block 3676, 2G non-allowed processing (block 3550)
is performed in order to monitor and manage the activity of the
detected device.
[0341] FIG. 36D illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary 3G allowed
processing (block 3660). In this illustrated processing, allowed 3G
processing determines an open or available channel at block 3661.
At block 3662 a determination is made regarding a type of
processing to be performed. In a first aspect, processing may
continue to block 3664, where the wireless device is left on its
current channel and the output power of the pseudo base station is
lowered for a predetermined time. This causes the wireless device
to lose contact with the pseudo base station and attempt to
re-establish contact. In this case the wireless device detects the
power of the base station as being the highest and connects
directly to the base station. After the predetermined time has
expired the output power of the pseudo base station is again raised
to be greater than that of the base station in the area of
interest.
[0342] Alternatively, the open channel may be associated with a
Femtocell, as previously discussed, and at block 3666, the wireless
device receives a re-direct command to operate on the Femtocell
open channel. A re-authorization of the devices on the Femtocell
channel is again made to insure the devices on the Femto cell
channel(s) are allowed devices.
[0343] In a further alternative aspect, the allowed wireless device
may be transferred to a MSC, which backhauls the wireless device to
an appropriate commercial carrier to accept the wireless device at
block 3668.
[0344] FIG. 37 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process
associated with 4G GSM processing (block 3466). As shown, 4G GSM
processing is similar to 3G GSM processing and processing continues
to block 3464.
[0345] FIG. 38 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process
associated with CDMA (2G/3G) processing (block 3472). In this
illustrated processing, the detected signal is decoded at block
3805. At block 3810 a determination is made whether the signal was
decodable. If not then processing continues to block 3815, wherein
processing similar to 3G GSM non-decodable signal processing is
performed (i.e., NO branch at step 3620). However, if the signal is
decodable, then processing continues to block 3820, wherein
processing similar to 3G decodable signal processing (i.e., YES
branch at step 3620) is performed.
[0346] FIG. 39 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process
associated with LTE processing (block 3474) wherein LTE processing
is similar to 4G GSM processing 3466.
[0347] In another embodiment of the invention, where the commercial
carrier(s) does not provide non-encryption based carrier channels
such as CDMA and/or GSM protocol, and the Managed Access system is
required to provide an authorized cell phones capacity, there is
presented several challenges: 1) determining whether the handset is
authorized and/or unauthorized, choosing the methodology of
providing the handset a connection to the carrier channel, 2)
determining the methodology to verify and prevent unauthorized
handset from getting on an authorized carrier channel; 3)
preventing an unauthorized headset from dialing 911 and hopping on
an authorized channel and the like.
[0348] In an embodiment of the invention available to connect the
handset to the commercial carrier, (1) re-directing the authorized
handset to a Femtocell, where the encryption key process is
performed by the commercial carrier system via the IP base
connections to the MACRO switch.
[0349] In this embodiment of the invention to utilize the Femtocell
solution requires providing an authorized list to the Femtocell,
and where necessary, disabling the 911 feature so that an
unauthorized phone doesn't inadvertently find the Femtocell channel
and utilize the Femto channel to facilitate a call.
[0350] In an embodiment of the invention to verify an authorized
cell phone and to provide the ability to make a call and/or receive
a call via 3G/4G technology with an encrypted base handset, the
methodology includes providing the encryption keys (K1) to the MAS
system, by connecting the authorized handset to the commercial
carrier via MAS MSC to Telco MSC and/or via a connection to carrier
connection and the like.
[0351] In an embodiment of the invention, utilizing the commercial
carrier's K1 keys to authorize and authenticate the handset by,
(transferring encryptions keys (Ki)) from the commercial carrier's
network though the MAS network via a (MAS MSC, -TELCO MSC) and/or
connecting to a specific commercial carrier channel, authenticating
the handset, verifying the authorized functionality of the handset
then utilizing mythologies such as sweeping the UMTS and/or LTE
channel, Up/down signal methodology, transferring said handset to
an open TELCO channel (under the MAS) then at a set interval,
raising the MAS power on that (authorized) commercial channel with
a MAS like channel and then verifying all handsets on said channel
are all authorized. If an unauthorized handset is found, move the
unauthorized handset to the UMTS/LTE hold channel then release the
channel back to the MACRO by lowering the power on the MAS channel
covering the "Authorized channel" and then process the authorized
handset accordingly and the like.
[0352] In an embodiment of the invention, setting parameters of the
protocols provides a methodology to hold on to an unauthorized
handset under the MAS, these include but are not limited to setting
neighbor list or voiding out neighbor lists, setting GSM speech,
setting or not setting TCH and PDCH to dynamic mode, setting BTS
for four dedicated TCH channels and three dynamic setting the
TCH/PDCH channels, setting the LAC-RAC, setting the BSIC, setting
the RxLevMin level, setting the Penalty Time and setting the Cell
Reselect Hysteresis setting and the like.
[0353] In an embodiment of the invention, to eliminate the issuance
of KPI's and dropped call and Missing Neighbors, setting the
commercial carrier parameters to a roaming carrier and/or test
carrier channel setting which is not on the commercial carrier
channel and not a legitimate in call handoff will remove the
issuance of KPI's and dropped call and Missing Neighbors alert and
the like.
[0354] The challenge in capturing cell phones and/or other wireless
communication devices, is covering all the channels of the TELCO
(i.e., Telecommunication Company, Commercial Carrier, Mobile
Communication Provider, etc.), on each of their broadcasting
frequency bands and being able to communicate and attract each cell
phone to a Management Access System (i.e., MAS) in accordance with
the principles of the invention.
[0355] Currently all handsets or mobile devices have the capability
to communicate on a plurality of protocols; some requiring
encryption keys and some which do not require encryption keys. For
example, one technology referred to as GSM (Global System for
Mobile communications, is utilized by carriers such as ATT and
T-mobile and a second technology, referred to as CDMA is utilized
by carriers, such as Verizon, Sprint, US cellular and C-Spire.
AT&T and T-Mobile cell phones have the ability to communicate
as a 2G Phone using the GSM Protocol (2G), a 3G Phone using the
UMTS protocol (3G) and also as a 4G phone using the LTE protocol
(4G). Verizon, Sprint, US Cellular and C-Spire cell phones have the
ability to communicate as a 2G/3G Phone using the CDMA protocol and
as a 4G phone using the LTE protocol.
[0356] The challenge and this invention lays out a set of
methodologies and processes which allows the MAS system to attract,
capture, and control all cell phones within a specific geographical
area on all frequency bands, covering all protocols on all carrier
channels, with and without the use of encryption keys, while
providing authorized and 911 calls and monitoring all unauthorized
calls.
[0357] In an embodiment of the invention, for each given
protocol/standard (e.g., second generation (2G), third generation
(3G), fourth generation LTE and/or UMTS (4G)), utilized by the
common or commercial carriers (e.g., Verizon, T-Mobile, Sprint,
AT&T) depending on the preference of the client, a specific
methodology is used to process and control a mobile device or
handset.
[0358] In the invention shown in FIGS. 40A and 40B, and 41A and 41B
exemplary processing associated with the detection, capture and
authorization process associated with specific commercial carriers
and allocation of carrier channels are shown. In these exemplary
embodiments of the invention, redirection to MAS (Mobile Access
System) channels, playback coverage channels, blocking channel,
backhaul and switching methodologies of authorized and unauthorized
handsets are further shown.
[0359] For example, for a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
technology, which is currently used by commercial carrier such as
Verizon and Sprint, for the capture of a 2G/3G/4G capable cell
phones (see FIG. 40A, 40B), the system in accordance with the
present invention (hereinafter referred to as a Managed Access
System (MAS)), transmits a dominate signal strength of the control
channel associated with the common carrier, wherein the dominate
signal strength has generally a received signal strength within a
designated area that is at least 7 dB greater than the signal
strength provided by the commercial carrier within the designated
area. In addition, the MAS provided signal provides a better Ec/lo
(Energy carrier/interference) characteristic depending on the
parameter set by the specific CDMA commercial carrier. In
accordance with the principles of the invention, a handset or
mobile device within the designated area is under the coverage of
the MAS and is attracted to a pilot channel (e.g., 384), wherein
the MAS detects the handset and communicates and connects the
handset to the MAS 384 channel. The MAS determines whether the
handset is an authorized or unauthorized handset. If the handset is
unauthorized, the MAS directs the handset to a second channel. In
an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the second channel may
represent channel 507. The detected or captured handset is then
monitored for any activity. In dependence upon the regulations
imposed by the FCC (Federal Communication Commission), Federal and
State laws regarding communications and/or customer requirements,
the MAS provides an audio message of all attempted voice calls and
an SMS (Small Message Service) message response for every message
attempted. The MAS may also provide a connection to the PSAP
(Public Service Answer Points) via a SIP and/or a redirection to
the MACRO (e.g., a base station associated with a commercial
carrier) to complete a 911 call. In specific cases, the MAS may
limit the number of 911 attempts.
[0360] In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 40A and 40B, if
the handset is determined to be authorized, the hand set is
directed to stay on or move to channel 384 and the transmitted
power associated with the 384 channel is lowered to a value such
that the received signal strength within the designated area is
lower than the received signal strength associated with the
commercial carrier. This allows the handset to attach to the signal
provided by the commercial carrier, as the commercial carrier
signal strength in the area is greater than the power of the MAS in
the area. In another aspect of the invention, the authorized
feature can also be connected to the Macro via a SIP (Session
Initiation Protocol) connection, can be redirected via a femto call
or to a back haul switch via to the commercial carrier. The
authorized determination can be redundantly checked, via a femto
cell system parameter or by the commercial carrier HLR/VLR (Home
Location Register/Visitor Location Register).
[0361] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the MAS provides
a radio set on a frequency and parameter of the commercial carrier,
and/or setup to attract all handsets of a specific carrier and/or
protocol/standard to cover the LTE (4G)/UMTS (3G) channel(s) of the
commercial carrier. In this aspect of the invention, the MAS is
connected to the commercial carrier's database to obtain the
encryption keys to communicate with the handset attracted to the
MAS. Alternatively, the MAS is provided a set of encryption keys of
the phones identified to be under the MAS coverage area. If the
handset is determined to be authorized the handset may be
redirected to the commercial carrier radio channel, or redirected
to the commercial carrier network via a switch or via a femto cell
channel or via a MSC (Mobile Switching System) to MSC (Mobile
Switching System) interconnection or via a SS7 (Signaling System
No. 7) switch or similarly known conventional transfer means. If
the handset is determined to be unauthorized, the handset is held
on the capture channel or moved to a hold channel to maintain
control of the handset and to monitor its attempted activities. In
another embodiment of the invention, where the encryption keys are
not provided or available, the MAS provides a radio transceiver on
the frequency and parameter of the commercial carrier, and setup to
attract all handset of a specific carrier and/or protocol/standard
to cover the LTE (4G) channel(s) of the commercial carrier,
however, without encryption keys, the LTE communication handshake
cannot be accomplished, and the MAS will then re-direct the handset
to a lower protocol which does not require encryption keys to
communicate. In a preferred situation, the handset, even without
encryption keys, provides its ESN and/or Pseudo ESN and/or IMSI and
the authorized/unauthorized determination can be made. In such a
case the authorized handsets can be redirected to the commercial
carrier radio channel, or redirected to the commercial carrier
network via switch or via a femtocell channel or via a MAS MSC
(Mobile Switching Center) to a Commercial Carrier MSC (Mobile
Switching Center) interconnection or via similarly known
conventional transfer means. In such a case as the handset is
determined to be unauthorized, the handset will be redirected to a
CDMA protocol which does not require encryption keys and is held on
the capture channel and/or moved to a hold channel to maintain
control of the handset and to monitor its attempted activities.
[0362] If the MAS possesses the ability to communicate with the
handset via the encryption keys, the MAS can hold the handset on
the channel it has acquired by redirecting the handset to operate
on a designated channel that lacks any ability to communicate with
a commercial carrier (i.e., a hold channel). The hold channel may
be a channel that is not associated with the commercial carrier,
for example. When the mobile device is operating on the hold
channel, the communication activity of the handset may be monitored
to determine factors such as number being called, content of voice
message, recording of text message, etc.
[0363] In a situation in which the encryption keys were not
provided to the MAS, the handset can be redirected to a different
standard/protocol (e.g., 3G to 2G) and reacquired with the protocol
of a 2G system. In this case the communication of the handset may
be monitored on a channel, using a protocol, in which the handset
can communicate with the MAS. See FIG. 40A.
[0364] In an embodiment of the invention, shown in FIGS. 41A and
41B, processing steps associated with the MAS to control of 2G
(GSM), 3G (UMTS, W-CDMA) and 4G (LTE) protocol capable handsets are
shown. In these exemplary embodiments, one modification from the
previously discussed methodologies is to provide a dominant GSM
channel (dominant in the terms of greater received signal strength
in a designated area) and detect, capture and attract all handset
within the designated area onto the GSM control channel. Processing
steps similar to those previously described with regard to
authorization (allowed, not allowed), number determination (911),
etc. are performed to manage and monitor unauthorized/and
authorized handsets and the like. As discussed previously, when the
MAS has the encryption keys for the handsets associated with the
commercial carrier and the protocol employed by the commercial
carrier, the MAS has the ability to communicate with the handsets,
the MAS controls the handsets on channels it has the ability to
communicate with. FIGS. 41A and 41B illustrates the exemplary
processing associated with an authorized connection methodology
associated with a commercial carrier and also processing associated
with an emergency number (i.e., 911) connection methodology
including landline connections, for example.
[0365] Thus, in accordance with the principles of the invention,
where the MAS is covering UMTS channels and the encryption keys are
not available, the UMTS handsets are actively pushed to a 2G GSM
channel of the MAS for processing, and as previously discussed in
situations in which the IMSI and IMEI is obtained, and the
authorized handsets are determined and, the authorized handsets can
be redirected to the commercial carrier radio channel, or
redirected to the commercial carrier network via switch or via a
femtocell channel or via a MAS MSC (Mobile Switching Center) to
Commercial Carrier MSC (Mobile Switching Center) interconnection or
via similarly known conventional transfer means. However, If the
handset is determined to be unauthorized, the handset will be
redirected to a GSM protocol which does not require encryption keys
and is held on a capture or hold channel and/or moved to a hold
channel to maintain control of the handset and to monitor the
attempted activities of the handset.
[0366] Returning to the embodiments of the invention described in
FIGS. 34-39, these figures describe and outline the exemplary
processing associated with the detection, capture and control of
handset depending of the parameters set forth by the underlying
commercial carrier (e.g., Verizon, AT&T) and/or set forth by
law and regulation. These figures describe and outline some of the
aspects of the MAS system including detection, handshake, band
identification, carrier identification, processes depending and
Commercial Carrier network core implementation, encryption setup
and deployment parameters, protocol and handset characteristics and
standards.
[0367] Referring again to FIG. 34, FIG. 34 illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
to detect, capture and control a wireless communication device.
(3400). At step 3410, a signal transmission is detected. At step
3420, identification of the signal and the signal bandwidth of the
transmission is determined. At step 3430, the processing determines
the type of protocol of the transmission (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G, LTE,
and UMTS). At step 3440, the processing identifies the commercial
carrier based on the bandwidth type. At step 3430, the processing
determines the process path depending on the carrier type. At steps
3462, 3264, 3466, 3472 and 3474 the processing determines, which of
a plurality of commercial carrier/protocol specific processing
steps is to be employed in order to continue processing the
detected signal transmission from the wireless communication
device.
[0368] Referring again to FIG. 35A, FIG. 35A illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
to capture and control a wireless communication device operating
using a 2G protocol. In this exemplary aspect of the invention,
step 3510, the processing decodes the signal to obtain
characteristics of the transmission signal and of the wireless
transmission device that may be included within the transmission
signal. At step 3520, the processing determines the identification
of the wireless communication device (mobile device, handset, etc.)
based on the signal information transmitted in the transmission
signal. At step 3525, the processing determines the allowability of
the wireless communication device. The allowability of the device
depends on a set of pre-determined parameters as has been
previously described. At step 3530, the processing determines a
next set of processing steps depending on the determined
allowability of the wireless communication device. At step 3535,
for example, processing associated with allowable 2G wireless
communication device is initiated (refer to FIG. 35B). At step
3537, the processing determines a channel upon which the wireless
device may be re-directed to so that the device may communicate
with the associated commercial carrier (i.e., Macro). However, if
the processing indicates that the device is not allowed, then
processing is directed to step 3550 wherein the non-allowable 2G
protocol is initiated (refer to FIG. 35C). At step 3580, the
processing performs steps to retain control of the device by
providing control signals to direct the device to operate on a hold
channel or maintain the signal power at a current power level to
prevent the device from connecting to the commercial carrier or
provide commands to the device to alter the ability of the device
to transmit any information.
[0369] Returning to FIG. 35B, FIG. 35B illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
to capture and control a wireless communication device for an
allowed 2G processing. In this exemplary aspect of the invention,
an open or available channel is determined at step 3536. At step
3538, a determination is made regarding a particular processing to
perform. Based on the desired processing the wireless device may be
directed to the open channel associated with the commercial carrier
(step 3540), redirected to the open channel of a Femto cell
associated with the MSC (step 3544)), or assigned to be directed to
a backhaul switch that may be associated with the MSC (step
3548).
[0370] Returning to FIG. 35C, FIG. 35C illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
to capture and control a wireless communication device for a
non-allowed 2G processing. In this exemplary aspect of the
invention, step 3550 starts the non-allowable 2G process, wherein
at step 3552, the processing initiates a monitoring and maintaining
process of the 2G held device, wherein the communication of the
device may be recorded and/or managed. At step 3554, the processing
determines the attempted activity of the wireless communication
device (e.g., voice, text, emergency call). At step 3556,
processing is directed based on the type of communication or action
being attempted by the wireless communication device. That is, the
communication or action may be one of: an attempted voice call, an
attempted 911 call and an attempted text call (e.g., data call,
data push attempt and application connection attempt). At step 3558
processing directs and connects the wireless communication device
to a PBX service to record the communication and receive a recorded
message regarding the attempted voice communication. At step 3560,
the processing records the received text message and provides a
text response to the wireless communication device in response to
the attempted text message. At step 3562, the processing determines
a number of attempted 911 calls and redirect the processing to
determine a number of 911 call attempts. At step 3564, the
processing determines whether the number of 911 call attempts
exceeds a designated value (e.g., 5) and directs the wireless
communication device accordingly. At step 3566, the number of 911
attempts is less than the limit, thus, the processing connects the
wireless communication device to a landline connection for
subsequent connection to a local PSAP 911 operator. Otherwise at
step 3568, the processing marks the wireless communication device
as attempting too many calls as blacklisted and proceeds with a set
of instructions for wireless communication devices that are
blacklisted. For example, the wireless device may be inhibited to
make 911 for a predetermined period of time (e.g., a day).
Alternatively, the number of 911 calls may be monitored on a per
time basis wherein the limit is based on a per time basis (e.g.,
number of 911 attempts/hour, or/day)>
[0371] Returning to FIG. 36A, FIG. 36A illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
to capture and control a wireless communication device, wherein at
step 3464 3G protocol process is initiated. At step 3610, the
processing decodes the 3G wireless transmitted signal. At step
3620, the processing determines whether the signal is decodable and
also determines whether the system can properly communicate with
the wireless communication device. The processing redirect the
wireless communication device accordingly. At step 3622, the
processing re-directs the 3G capable wireless communication device
to a decodable protocol and also to a protocol that allows for the
proper communication capability with the wireless communication
device. Furthermore, the system at step 3630 directs wireless
communication device to a proper communication capable protocol
(e.g., to a lower protocol like a 2G un-encrypted protocol). At
step 3632, the processing sets and/or maintains the signal level of
the re-directed channel to a power level and/or signal setup
wherein the wireless communication device is connected to the new
channel. At step 3640 the processing determines an identification
of the wireless communication device based on the decoded
information. At step 3642 the processing determines the
allowability of the wireless communication device depending on a
pre-determined set of parameters. At step 3644 the processing
determines the allowability of the wireless communication device
and redirects the processing according to the determined
allowability. At step 3660 the processing starts the 3G allow
processing (FIG. 36B). At step 3670 the processing starts the 3G
non-allow processing (FIG. 36C).
[0372] Returning to FIG. 36B, FIG. 36B illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention,
wherein, at step 3622, the processing starts the re-direct process
of a 3G Protocol wireless communication device that cannot be
decoded. At step 3624, the system logs the 3G detection and at step
3626 sets the protocol to a 2G wireless communication device.
[0373] Returning to FIG. 36C, FIG. 36C illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
wherein at step 3670 the 3G non-allow process is initiated. At step
3672 the processing determines hold channel parameters and
preferences. That is, the channel, not available to the commercial
carrier, that the wireless communication device should be held or,
alternatively, re-directed to a new hold channel based on the
system configuration. The processing further determines on which
channel to keep a non-allowed wireless communication device,
depending on a pre-determined set of parameters. The pre-determined
parameters may include channel capacity, wireless communication
device location, wireless communication device ownership, wireless
communication device relationship to another wireless communication
device and the like. At step 3674 the processing determines the
proper signal parameters to maintain control of the wireless
communication device. At step 3637 the processing performs the
processing of the 3G wireless communication device, similar to the
steps for processing a 2G wireless communication device which is
also not allowed.
[0374] Returning to FIG. 36D, FIG. 36D illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
wherein at step 3630, 3G allow process of wireless communication
device is initiated. At step 3661 the processing determines a
proper allowable channel and processing of the wireless
communication device so that it may, in this example, make and
receive call, text messages and data. At step 3662, the processing
outlines three possible processes for the wireless communication
device to achieve a connection with the commercial carrier such
that the wireless device may make and receive voice communication
(calls), text messages and data. At step 3664 the processing leaves
the wireless communication device on the current channel and lowers
the signal parameters to allow the wireless communication device to
communicate with an available channel associated with the
commercial carrier. For example, the power may be lowered for a set
period of time, which is set to be long enough for the wireless
communication device to acquire communication with the commercial
carrier channel and short enough so that non-allowed wireless
communication devices are retained, captured and/or recaptured and
re-directed to the appropriate hold channel as previously
described. At step 3666 the processing re-directs the wireless
communication device to a femtocell channel, and, in this example,
the femtocell may be set to re-authorize the wireless communication
device according to pre-determined set of parameters, to insure
that a non-allowed wireless communication device is not
inadvertently allowed to continue communication with the authorized
femtocell channel. At step 3668 the processing transfers the
wireless communication device via the MSC and/or the SS7
connections through the Telco switch and allows the macro
connection to the commercial carrier and the like.
[0375] Returning to FIG. 37, FIG. 37 illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
wherein at step 3466, 4G processing of a wireless communication
device is initiated. The 4G processing performs processing similar
to that of 3G processing, previously described. 4G protocol
utilizes parameters and protocols associated with the 4G protocol.
However, the processing is similar to that of 3G.
[0376] Returning to FIG. 38, FIG. 38 illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
wherein at step 3472 CDMA processing of wireless communication
device is initiated. As illustrated, 4G processing performs a
similar processing as previously described with regard to 3G
processing. In this case, 3G CDMA protocol processing includes its
owns set of pre-determined parameters, including, for example,
encryption capabilities and the like. At step 3805 the processing
attempts to communicate and decode the wireless communication
device. At step 3810, the processing determines the decodability of
the wireless communication device. At step 3815, the processing
performs the 2G GSM/3G UMTS signal processing, as previously
described, with regard to a non-decodable wireless communication
device. At step 3820, the processing, performs the 2G GSM/3G UMTS
signal processing, as previously described, for a decodable
wireless communication device.
[0377] Returning to FIG. 39, FIG. 39 illustrates exemplary
processing steps in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
wherein at step 3474, CDMA 4G LTE processing is initiated. As
illustrated 4G processing performs similar processing as that of
the 4G GSM based processing and/or the 3G UMTS (W-CDMA) utilizing
its owns set of pre-determined parameters and the like, including
for example encryption capabilities and the like. At step 3476 the
processing performs the same steps for the CDMA base 4G LTE
processes as was performed on a 4G GSM based wireless communication
device, as previously described.
[0378] In a preferred an embodiment, where it is the intention to
deploy a Managed Access System (MAS) that is able to continuously
maintain a known signal strength (e.g., 10 dB) advantage over each
commercial carrier's (e.g. Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile,
etc.) signal in every inmate's cell. In most cases, to control and
override out the signal transmitted by the commercial carrier, a
signal advantage, in the order of 10 dB, is desired to be
maintained even as the commercial carriers add channels, add
frequency bands, and increase signal strength.
[0379] One of the major challenges is that the commercial carrier's
cell tower antennas face directly at the windows for the housing
units, as shown in FIG. 42. In this illustrated configuration, a
cell tower 4200 in this example, has a known coverage area 4215.
The cell tower is typically, 50 feet tall, and is located
approximately at a center of the coverage area. The cell tower
typically has a set of antennas facing toward the facility 4225
within the restricted area 4220. Thus, a managed access system
(MAS) needs to maintain a signal strength in the restricted area
that is greater than the cell tower's signals, for the MAS to work
effectively.
[0380] FIG. 43 illustrates an expanded view of the restricted area
4220 shown in FIG. 42. The lines emanating from the bottom right of
FIG. 43 represent the signals coming from the commercial cell tower
4210. MAS Node 3 is located to one side of the buildings within the
restricted area. The lines emanating from Node 3 represents signal
coverage area of the restricted area 4220.
[0381] Node 3 is in the proper position to cover the right side and
south face of the restricted area and maintains a greater signal
than the signal coming from the commercial cell tower located
southeast of the facility.
[0382] The commercial cell tower is 250 feet tall and has a direct
line of site to the cell windows located on the east side of
Building 4331. The antenna at Node 3, 4310 is 24 feet above the
ground and the building is approximately the same height.
Therefore, antennas of node 3, 4310 are blocked by the building
4331 and are unable to provide a direct line of sight to Building
4334. Consequently, the antenna at Node 3 cannot provide the proper
coverage to all of the cells located in Building 4331.
[0383] Additionally, the commercial cell tower has a direct line of
sight to the cell windows located on the southeast side of Building
4331 (FIG. 44). Node 4 effectively provides coverage to the
majority of Building 4336.
[0384] In a second alternative solution, is to add a new node
between Nodes 3, 4320 and 4, 4330 (see FIG. 44) provide overlapping
coverage of buildings 4335 and 4336. For example, Node 3A, 4320
provides full coverage to one side of building 4335, while node 4,
4330 provides full coverage of a second side of building 4335.
However, even with the extra coverage area provided by the
additional nodes, there still remains areas of coverage that do not
maintain the desired increased signal strength. For example,
surfaces 4350 and 4352 in buildings 4335 and 4333, respectively,
lack the proper desired coverage.
[0385] in one aspect of the invention, a mast arm antenna design
provides each face or surface of every housing unit 4331, 4332,
4333, 4335, with uniform line of sight and signal power. FIG. 45
illustrates an exemplary mast arm configuration, wherein at least
one antenna 4520 is held suspended from the surface 4352, for
example. In this case the antenna/transceiver combination 4520 is
directed directly toward at least one opening (e.g., a window)
within surface 4352.
[0386] The use of the mast arm configuration shown in FIG. 45 also
provides an advantage as the transmitted power of the
antenna/transceiver requires significantly less transmit power
(e.g., 25 dB) than the configuration shown in FIG. 44, for example,
as the nodes 4310, 4320 and 4330 may be in the order of 450 feet
away from the corresponding unit 4331, 4332, 4335, 4336.
[0387] This solution shown in FIG. 45 is further advantageous as it
provides for modifications to be made as the commercial carriers to
add towers, frequency bands, protocols, channels and/or
increase/decrease signal strength. This new antenna coverage
methodology corrects the short comings of the perimeter based
antenna coverage solution which is shown in FIG. 44, for
example.
[0388] In an alternative an embodiment of the invention, an
in-building iDAS solution may be provided wherein the
antennas/transceivers may be placed inside the housing units. This
type of solution provides great results in dormitory setting but
does not work in a cell steel door environment. For example, when
the cell door is closed, the MAS signal from the internal antenna
drops by significantly. Thus, to cover a cell phone that is
receiving a commercial carrier signal coming in the exterior cell
window at -50 dB, the MAS, to provide coverage at least by 10 dB,
is required to generate a channel signal at -18 dB. The solution
would require high gain antennas and a greater than 20-watt node in
every housing unit.
[0389] In an alternative an embodiment of the solution is to add
additional MAS nodes 4340 to the tower(s) shown in FIG. 46.
However, adding these new nodes presents additional challenges in
that it increases the cost of the system and portions of the
buildings may still be uncovered.
[0390] In an alternative an embodiment of the solution, additional
MAS nodes may be mounted on poles 4350, 4355 between the metal
building and the housing units. However, while this may have some
advantages there is an increased cost in including further
antenna/transceiver combinations.
[0391] Returning to the configuration shown in FIG. 45 or 46, the
additional antenna/transceiver configuration (i.e., projecting mast
antenna/transceiver combination 4520 or station 4340 or 4350, 4355)
may comprise a forward looking antenna (i.e., toward cell windows
or the restricted area) and a rear looking antenna (i.e., away from
the restricted area). In this manner a determination may be made
whether a detected signal is emanating from the restricted area or
from outside the restricted area. For example, signal detection may
be nominally directed toward the restricted area using the forward
looking antenna. The receiving system may be in a wide band
operating mode to detect any signal within the bandwidth. When a
signal is detected, the receiving system (not shown) may select and
activate a corresponding rear looking antenna to capture the
detected signal. The receiving system may be retained in a nominal
wideband mode when activating the rear-looking antenna or the
bandwidth may be narrowed around the frequency of the detected
signal. After a detection of the signal in the rear looking
antenna, the receiving system may select and activate the forward
looking antenna to receive the detected signal. Again, the receiver
configuration may be retained in the wide-band mode or in a narrow
band mode.
[0392] The toggling from forward to rear to forward antenna may
continue for a plurality of alternations. The signals from the
forward and rear antennas may be provided to a processor which
compares the amplitudes of the detected signals. In one aspect of
the invention, the multiple samples in each of the forward looking
antenna and the rear looking antenna may be summed and/or average
and/or processed to normalize the collected samples. The summed,
averaged or normalized samples may then be compared to determine
which of the two amplitudes is greater and the greater amplitude
signal determines the direction of the detected signal.
[0393] In another aspect of the invention, the antenna may
represent a phase array antenna providing forward and backward
coverage. As would be known in the art, the phase array antenna may
detect a signal in one or more directional antenna patterns to
determine an angle of arrival of the detected signal. In this
embodiment of the invention, a determination of an angle may
determine whether the detected signal is located forward (toward
the building) or located to the rear (away from building). In
another aspect of the invention, the antenna may be a rotatable
antenna with a high degree of directivity (i.e., narrow beamwidth).
In this aspect of the invention, a determination of a location of
the detected signal may be based on the pointing direction of the
rotatable antenna.
[0394] With regard to a still further aspect of the invention
claimed, FIG. 47A illustrates an exemplary system configuration
4700 in accordance of the principles of the invention.
[0395] As shown, a restricted area 4710 is guarded by a system 4720
which monitors the environment surrounding the restricted area
4710. In an exemplary configuration, system 4720 monitors the
surrounding environment 360 degrees in a horizontal plane 4730 and
180 degrees in a vertical plane 4740. In an ideal configuration,
the system 4720 provides a hemispherical zone coverage 4750 for the
monitoring restricted area 4710.
[0396] In one aspect of the invention, a radius of the protection
zone 4750 may be adjusted based on a degree of protection required
of the restricted area. A nominal radius (R1) of protection zone
4750 may be determined based on predetermined criterion (or
criteria). For example, the radius of protection zone 4750 may be
greater than on outer dimension of the restricted zone 4750. In
this illustrated case, the outer dimension of the restricted zone
4750 may be represented by walls 4765. Furthermore, the nominal
radius (R1) of protection zone 4750 may be increased and/or
decreased based on a second set of predetermined criterion or
criteria. For example, FIG. 47A illustrates two protection area;
one represented by radius R1 and the second represented by radius
R2. Protection zone determined by radius R2 may represent a warning
area whereas protection zone 4750, determined by radius R1, may
represent a reaction zone.
[0397] As is also shown, in three different configurations, is
drone 4760 travelling or hovering about restricted zone 4710. In
one configuration, drone 4760 (represented as 4760a) may be
positioned at a range (Ra) which is outside the protection zone
4750. In another configuration, drone 4760 (represented as 4760b)
may be at a range (Rb) that positions the drone 4760 (4760b)
outside the restricted zone 4710 but within the protection zone
4750. In another configuration, drone 4760 may be positioned at a
range (Rc) which is within the restricted area 4710.
[0398] As shown, drone 4760, in each of the illustrated aspects,
may be located at different height (elevations) with respect to a
horizontal plane 4740 associated with the system 4720 (or
restricted area 4710). The position of the drone 4760 may be
represented by a vertical angle of alpha (.alpha.; .alpha.a,
.alpha.b, .alpha.c, respectively) measured with respect to
horizontal plane 4740.
[0399] FIG. 47B illustrates a planar view of the prospective view
of the system configuration shown in FIG. 47A.
[0400] As illustrated, drone 4760 (i.e., 4760a, 4760b, 4760c) may
be at different angles with respect of a center point (for example)
of restrictive zone 4710. The position of the drone 4760 (i.e.,
4760a, 4760b, 4760c) may be represented by a distance (R'; R'a,
R'b, R'c, respectively) and angle beta (.beta.; .beta.a, .beta.b,
.beta.c, respectively) measured with respect to an axis 4770 in the
horizontal plane 4740. FIG. 47B illustrates a conventional
orientation of an X-axis in an X-Y coordinate system. However, it
would be appreciated that angle beta may be taken with respect to
any axis in the X-Y coordinate system. As would be known, the
distance or radius R' is a projection of radius R on horizontal
plane 4740. Conventionally, the horizontal plane 4740 is a
horizontal plane in which system 4720 resides. When system 4720 is
located at an elevated location, as shown in FIG. 47A, the
horizontal plane 4740 and the angles measured with regard to a
horizontal plane on a ground surface may be translated and/or
normalized using known translation procedures.
[0401] In addition, from the mathematics of spherical geometry, the
position of drone 4760 may be determined using a polar coordinate
system (R/theta (.theta.)), wherein theta (.theta.) represents a
polar angle that considers angles alpha and beta and R' represents
a polar radius.
[0402] FIG. 48 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary system
4720 in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0403] As illustrated, system 4720 includes a detection system 4805
including at least one receiving antenna 4815 which receives
signals propagating within an environment. Signals received by
antenna(s) 4815 are provided to a transceiver system 4820.
Transceiver (i.e., a transmitting/receiving) system 4820 includes
components, such a switch, a downconverter, which includes a mixer
and a local oscillator, and an analog/digital convertor.
Downconverter processes the received signals from a received signal
frequency (RF) to an intermediate frequency (IF). A/D converter
converts the signal from analog to digital and the digital
representation Is provided to processor 4830. As transceiving
system 4820 and the associated components are well known in the
art, the specific details for processing a received signal need not
be discussed in detail.
[0404] The digitized received signals are then provided to a
processing system 4830, which processes the received signals to
determine characteristics of the received signals. Processing
system 4830 comprises processing units and memories, which include
code for decoding and processing the received signals, are also
known in the art and the specific details for processing digitized
received signals need not be discussed in detail.
[0405] In one aspect of the invention, processing system 4830 may
determine a location (R'/theta) of the source of the receiving
signals. In addition, processing system 4830 may determine control
and/or characteristics of the device (e.g., drone) based on the
received signals.
[0406] Once the determined control and/or characteristics suggest
or validate the presence of drone 4760, the processing system 4830
may provide for the management of the detected drone 4760.
[0407] System 4720 may further include a radar type system 4840
which generates and transmits a steam of pulses. Those pulses
intercepting an object are reflected by the object. The reflected
pulses may then be received by one or more of antenna 4815 or a
separate antenna system 4845. A time difference between the
transmission of a pulse and the reception of the pulse may be used
to determine a distance to the object. An angle to the object may
be determined from measurements of the amplitude of the received
pulse by the antenna 4815 or antenna system 4845. As would
appreciated antenna 4815 and/or antenna system 4845 may represent a
phase-array antenna system, which allows for the determination of a
horizontal angle (beta) and a vertical (or elevation) angle
(alpha).
[0408] In one aspect of the invention, processing system 4720 may
detect the presence of a drone 4760 based on the received radar
pulses or may detect the presence of a drone 4760 based on
detection of one or more of the uplink signals sent to the drone,
from a control system, or the downlink signals sent from the drone
to the control system. In a combination system using both radar
system 4840 and detection system 4805, the processing system 4830,
may, after radar detection of an object, direct the detection
system 4805 to target for detection a signal in the frequency bands
associated with uplink and/or downlink transmissions.
[0409] In another aspect of the invention, detection system 4805
may continuous monitor one or more known frequency bands associated
with uplink and/or downlink transmission of drones. In this case,
the antenna system may be spatially fixed (i.e., 360 degrees
horizontally, 90 degrees vertically) or may be of a scanning type.
A scanning type antenna provides for greater sensitivity as the
antenna 4815 is directional and a complete circular rotation of the
antenna 4815 is required to cover the horizontal plane.
Alternatively, the antenna system may scan multiple frequency bands
and spatial zones simultaneously.
[0410] Upon detection of the uplink and/or downlink transmission
signals processor 4830 may begin one or more processes to manage
and/or control the viewable image of the detected drone.
[0411] FIG. 49 illustrates a flow chart of a first exemplary
processing in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0412] At step 4910, a position of a detected drone (i.e., 4760,
FIG. 47A) is determined. As discussed above, the position of the
drone may be determined based on a detection from one or both of
radar detection system 4840 or a signal detection system 4805. The
position of the drone may be translated from a polar coordinate
system to a positional system such as an X-Y system or a
longitude/latitude system. Similarly, a position of the drone may
be determined based on a detection of a GPS location signal
transmitted by the drone back to a control station. In this case,
the drone 4760 may include a GPS receiving system, which provides
the drone information regarding its position. The drone 4760 may
provide the GPS determined position to the control system in order
for the control system to manage and maintain control of the flight
characteristics of the drone.
[0413] At step 4920, a determination of the operating
characteristics of the drone may be determined. For example, the
operation of a camera (e.g., still, video, zoom, etc.) may be
determined from uplink transmission characteristics.
[0414] At step 4930, a view of the restricted area 4710 from the
position (location and elevation) of the drone 4760 may be
hypothesized. The view of the restricted area 4710 may be
hypothesized as the physical position of the drone may not
represent the actual view as the operating characteristic of the
on-board camera may alter the effective range. For example, a view
of a restricted zone 4710 may be altered based on a zoom level of
the on-board camera. Thus, a no-zoom condition may provide a wide
angle view from a detected position. However, a 6.times. zoom, for
example, narrows the view from the same detected position.
[0415] Based on the location and elevation of the drone, a
predetermined image of the hypothesized view may be obtained from a
data base at step 4940. In one aspect of the invention, the
predetermined image may represent views of the restricted area 4710
from similar locations and elevations. In one aspect of the
invention, the predetermined images are stored in a data base which
is accessible through the location and elevation angle. In another
aspect of the invention, the predetermined images may be based on
location and dynamically adjusted based on the elevation angle. In
still another aspect of the invention, an interpolation of adjacent
images may be performed for those drone positions which do not have
corresponding predetermined images.
[0416] At step 4950, the predetermined image is inserted into the
downlink data stream from the drone to the control system.
[0417] At step 4960, the detection system continues to monitor the
operation of the detected drone by continuous monitoring of the one
or both of the uplink transmission and the downlink transmission.
Processing continues at step 4910 to continuously monitor the
operation of the drone.
[0418] FIG. 50 illustrates a flow chart of a second exemplary
processing in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0419] In this illustrated aspect, steps 4910-4940 and 4960 are
similar to those described with regard to FIG. 49 and need not be
repeated.
[0420] After determining the position and operating condition of
the drone, as previously discussed, a predetermined video image
associated with the position of the drone may be accessed from a
data base (similar to that described with regard to step 4940). At
step 5050, the predetermined image is inserted into the downlink
stream.
[0421] Continuous monitoring of the drone position is performed by
the processing returning to step 4910 (FIG. 50) as discussed with
regard to step 4910 (FIG. 49).
[0422] FIG. 51 illustrates a flow chart of a third exemplary
processing in accordance with the principles of the invention.
[0423] In this illustrated aspect, steps 4910-4940 and 4960 are
similar to those described with regard to FIG. 49 and need not be
repeated.
[0424] After determining the position and operating condition of
the drone, as previously discussed, the image (still or video) in
the downlink stream is intercepted at step 5140. At step 5150, the
images within the intercepted downlink stream is digitally altered.
In one aspect of the invention, the alteration may remove one or
more objects from the images. In another aspect of the invention,
the alteration may include one or more objects in the images.
[0425] At block 5160, the altered images are inserted into the
downlink stream.
[0426] Continuous monitoring of the drone position is performed by
the processing returning to step 4910 (FIG. 51) as discussed with
regard to step 4910 (FIG. 49).
[0427] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the Managed
Access System utilizes a Software Defined Radio (SDR) transceiver
system which incorporates the time domain invention, a phased array
set of antennas and phased array wireless communication invention,
the system tracks, locates, monitors, and when necessary controls
and disables the drone activity in and around the area of interest
of the Managed access system. This is accomplished though a set of
invention, working together and/or individually (1) tracking and
locating the drone using the uplink/downlink communication
frequencies of the drone, (2) using the frequency of the blades to
detect and track the drones, (3) sonar and motion detection of the
drone, (4) CCTV motion detection tracking (5) SDR and small cross
section radar to identify a location of drone, (6) audio detection
of the drone (7) explosive detection sniffer, (8) ion detection
analyzer, (9) tracking and locating the drone driver using the
communication frequencies of the drone and the other methods listed
above, 10) ammonia detector, 11) acoustical detector; 12) magnetic
field of the drone, and the like. Once the drone is located, the
MAS system alerts the appropriate personnel and deploys the counter
measures, depending on the detection protocol and procedures set
up, parameters for determining response include size of drone,
cargo of drone, location of drone; location of drone driver, the
countermeasures options include but is not limited to: 1) jamming
the communication frequencies of the drone, 2) deployment of Birds
of prey, 3) speadnet trajectory, 4) Trajectory options, 5) Focus
EMP trajectory, and the like.
[0428] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a programmable
radio front-end to receive and transmit specific frequencies, in a
well implemented development of the Software Defined Radio (SDR) to
be able to implement filtering in real-time to implement spectrum
hopping. This embodiment not only allows you to define and program
the signal bandwidth, amplitude via a variable gain amplifier,
Baseband processing, center frequency, with up to 8 pII digital
up/down conversion, front-end FCC defined selectable
uplink/downlink band pass filters, noise floor reduction circuitry,
in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a Programmable power
amplifier with individualize channel selected multiple band pass
filter(s) are added to the chain to filter out unwanted
amplification allowing for a clean hi power up to 200 watt LNA. A
programmable array antenna which can be set the optimize the phased
array data and the like.
[0429] In a preferred an embodiment, where it is the intention to
run an automated prison to lower the necessary number of personnel
and still the run a safe and secure facility, this automated
facility is controlled by a centralized command and control center
and/or a decentralize compartmental command and control center for
all functions of the facility including movement of the persons
within the facility. In this type of a facility, where complete and
accurate identification and location of all personnel is critical,
the tracking of individuals, their wireless transmission devices,
cell phones, identification units, Willkie-Talkies, and verifying
their access to authorized areas, integrating their movement with
CCTV and positive facial identification, biometric identification,
preventing movement into unauthorized area, developing inclusion
zones, creating exclusion zones, ensuring proper count, providing
an ability to restrict and/or authorized movement a specific design
of the facility and convergence of technology is essential. The
technologies discussed herein integrated to the central control
provide the backbone and framework to operate such an automated
facility, wherein each staff member and inmate transmission
facility will allow specific movement throughout the facility. All
movement throughout the facility may be monitored through CCTV and
facial recognition. At each egress point, movement will be
restricted to individual movement through one area to another area
of the facility. For example, daily functions include, meals,
medical, programs, court visits, and recreation, may be functions
that may be monitored and controlled. As an example of the facility
of the needs within the automation and the parameters and rules,
Example--Inmate Movement: need a creation of a Movement list and
movement schedule, scheduling recourses, allocation seats in
particular Programs area classrooms, Access to computers, access to
the Law library, time allocation in program and use facility
assets, Enemy exclusion, (predator sheep/wolf exclusion) conflicts
in scheduling GED, adult education, culinary arts anger management
developing Waiting list, ability for inmates to signup, Morning
schedule and movement, afternoon schedule and movement, Pre-trail
and religious services scheduling. Data mining database techniques
and methodologies may be executed to provide for inmate scheduling
movement and allocation of assets for the inmate relying on
transmission facility authorization. The transmission facility will
control access to all moment, asset resources, doors and egress,
facility resources and the time allocation on facility assets and
in which movement takes place. Because of minimum human
interaction, display kiosks display schedule and informs the inmate
where it is scheduled and the like.
[0430] In this embodiment, where there is limited, corrections
personnel, all cells will be designed to allow outdoor access and
unit access. The facility structure, may need to be modified to
allow inmate access to the outdoor area, this design modification
eliminates the need for outside movement and still provides greater
freedom for the inmates with less need for direct supervision and
the like.
[0431] The above-described methods according to the present
invention can be implemented in hardware, firmware or as software
or computer code that can be stored in a recording medium such as a
CD ROM, an RAM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magneto-optical
disk or computer code downloaded over a network originally stored
on a remote recording medium or a non-transitory machine readable
medium and to be stored on a local recording medium, so that the
methods described herein can be rendered in such software that is
stored on the recording medium using a general purpose computer, or
a special processor or in programmable or dedicated hardware, such
as an ASIC or FPGA. As would be understood in the art, the
computer, the processor, microprocessor controller or the
programmable hardware include memory components, e.g., RAM, ROM,
Flash, etc. that may store or receive software or computer code
that when accessed and executed by the computer, processor or
hardware implement the processing methods described herein. In
addition, it would be recognized that when a general purpose
computer accesses code for implementing the processing shown
herein, the execution of the code transforms the general purpose
computer into a special purpose computer for executing the
processing shown herein.
[0432] One of the challenges of a controlled managing wireless
communications is making adjustments to the Managed/controlled
Environment/MAS coverage area and having to constantly adjusting to
the changes in the Macro/TELCO environment, that includes automatic
and/or technology assisted changes in response to the commercial
carrier(s) making frequency changes, band changes, protocol
changes, parameter changes, power changes, changes in the
components of the signal and broadcasting tower changes and the
like. All of these changes in the macro channels create challenges
in controlling unauthorized wireless communications.
[0433] Another challenge of a managing wireless communications is
the ability to monitor and control a wireless device within a
pre-defined geographic area and to accurately determine the
specific location of said wireless device.
[0434] Another challenge of a controlled managing wireless
communications is the ability to allow authorized wireless had set
to connect to the mobile commercial carrier.
[0435] Another challenge of a controlled managing wireless
communications is the ability to include a geographic location
system to detect when a wireless communications device enters or
exits a defined geographic area. It is also important to be able
define the specific geographic coverage area and the ability to set
multiple areas within a large complex location.
[0436] Another challenge of a controlled/managed wireless
communications system is the detection, controlling and
manipulation of a drone and/or drone like apparatus (UAV)
(surveillance) technology is the ability to include a geographic
location system to detect when a wireless communications device
enters or exits a defined geographic area.
[0437] Another challenge of a controlled managing wireless
communications is the ability to provide authorized handsets a WIFI
connection via the Access Network Discovery and Selection Function.
ANDSN is a key technology for enabling carriers to offload data
traffic from the mobile network and is an element of the 3GPP
standard that is designed to assist mobile devices in discovering
offload destinations, including Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and CDMA2000
networks.
[0438] Another challenge of a controlled managing wireless
communications is the ability to providing authorized handsets via
a Wi-Fi SIP connection.
[0439] Another challenge of a controlled managing wireless
communications is the ability to protect against SMS received e-sim
multiple capability
[0440] Another challenge in developing a controlled wireless
communications system is the ability to provide an accurate
notification when a wireless communications device enters or leaves
a specific area
[0441] Another challenge of a controlled managing wireless
communications is the ability to provide an accurate
geographic-fence and/or a virtual perimeter for a real-world
geographic area. A geographic-fence could be dynamically
generated--as in a radius around a store or point location, or a
geographic-fence can be a predefined set of boundaries, like school
attendance zones or neighborhood boundaries.
[0442] Another challenge is keeping up with the every growing FCC
spectrum allocation. Currently the NTIA has a 500 MHZ commercial
bandwidth increase plan.
[0443] The use of a geographic-fence is called geographic-fencing,
and one example of usage involves a location-aware device of a
location-based service (LBS) user entering or exiting a
geographic-fence. This activity could trigger an alert to the
device's user as well as messaging to the geographic-fence
operator. This information, which could contain the location of the
device, could be sent to a mobile telephone or an email
account.
[0444] Another challenge of a managing wireless communications is
the ability to where the managing system is not connected and/or
not communicating with the commercial carrier determining the
locations of the wireless communications devices via Global
Positioning System (GPS) and/or Wireless Positioning System (WPS)
without using cell tower and Wi-Fi access points.
[0445] One embodiment of the invention is to place multiple Managed
Access transceiver systems throughout the complex see (complex 1
diagrams). Each Managed Access transceiver system is made up of
multiple Software Defined Radios (SDR) programmed to cover all
frequencies of all of the commercial carriers, 700, 806, 850,
1700/2100 (AWS), 1900, 2.3G and 2.5G bands (where applicable) for
2G, 3G, 4G, 5G (CDMA, GSM, UMTS, and LTE cellular) protocols or any
new technology. Additionally, the SDR's are programmed to cover
each of the Wi-Fi frequency band.
[0446] One embodiment of the invention is to design and configure
the SDR circuit with Dual frequency bandwidth capability, (example
one frequency bandwidth is 100 Mhz 2 Ghz radio frequency and the
second frequency bandwidth is covering 2 Ghz 6 Ghz frequency
spectrum) this capability provides the system to expand dynamically
as the new FCC spectrum comes on line, such as the new proposed 5.9
GHz frequency band or the proposed 600 Mhz band.
[0447] One embodiment of the invention is the designing,
developing, configuring and manipulating the 3GPP wireless
communication standard and/or the Core network functionality and/or
handset functionality of the cellular and wireless protocols and
handset parameters to better control and hold on to unauthorized
devices and to re-direct authorized devices. The manipulation of
the following parameters and finality include at least some of the
following: tracking area functionality, the Evolved Packet Core
functionality, protocol stack functionality, Mobility Management
Entity functionality, load balancing functionality,
outbound/inbound roaming functionality, signal load functionality,
control plane and location functionality, paging and
authentication/authorization parameters, IP connectivity
functionality, Mobility function functionality, area connections
parameters, gateway, selection, registration processes, data
transfer functionality, signal handover, Serving Gateway
functionality, node b parameters and functionality, radio resource
management functionality and the like.
[0448] One benefits of configuring and/or manipulating the 3GPP
wireless communication standards and/or core network functionality
and/or handset functionality is the ability to do at least one of
the following actions/functions: move a handset or set of
handset(s) to a specific channel; reject and/or accept a handset or
set of handset(s) to and/or from a specific channel or a specific
set of channels; preventing and/or allowing a handset or set of
handset(s) to/from a channel or a specific set of channels; moving
a handset or set of handset(s) from one band and/or one frequency,
and/or one protocol to another; increasing/decreasing a handset or
set of handset(s) attractiveness to connect to a specific channel
and/or frequency and/or band and/or protocol, disabling a handset
or set of handset(s) from connecting to a channel or a specific set
of channels, re-directing a handset or set of handset(s) to the
Macro, and/or to Wi-Fi, and/or a backhaul portal and/or to a SIP
interface and/or to a femto and/or a another core network and/or
another service provider and or another network and the like.
[0449] Depending on the desired results the configuring and/or
manipulating of the 3GPP wireless communication standards and/or
core network functionality and/or handset functionality can be to
alone or in concert and/or in conjunction with other functionality
changes.
[0450] In a preferred embodiment of the invention is to design and
configure the high gain 40 dB front to back ratio, 30 dB side lobe
directional antennas circuit with Dual frequency bandwidth
capability, (example one frequency bandwidth is 100 Mhz 2 Ghz radio
frequency and the second frequency bandwidth is covering 2 Ghz 6
Ghz frequency spectrum) this capability provides the system to
expand dynamically as the new FCC spectrum comes on line, such as
the new proposed 5.9 GHz frequency band or the proposed 600 Mhz
band and the like.
[0451] A preferred embodiment of the invention is to design and
configure the SDR amplification system. The SDR front and
transceiver is set with each circuit configured for each channel
covered by said amplification system. This prevents Noise on out of
spectrum frequencies and provides for superior amplifications and a
-110 dB noise floor and the like.
[0452] One embodiment of the invention is to configure the
programmable radio to communicate with Wi-Fi devices then tuning
the programmable radio to a specific set of Wi-Fi parameters to
attract authorized and/or unauthorized wireless Wi-Fi enabled
devices and the like.
[0453] One embodiment of the invention is to determine location of
each wireless communication device detected. Said wireless
communication device include but are not limited to cellular
protocol enabled devices, Wi-Fi enabled devices, transceiver
enabled devices, transmitter enabled devices, and receiver enabled
devices and the like.
[0454] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the determination
of the location of the device is improved for greater accuracy with
at least one of the following methods and/or a combination of said
methods: determination the best band, and/or channel, and/or
frequency, and/or signal formation, and/or signal characteristics,
and/or protocol and/or sets of bands, and/or channels, and/or
frequency(s), and/or signal formation(s), and/or signal
characteristics, and/or protocols which provide the best uplink
and/or downlink signal characteristics to determine location and
the like. Multiple techniques including C-pitch Carrier Signal
power, RSSI value, EC/No value, phase array measurement, time
domain measurement and/or time domain determination and other
location techniques discussed in this application and related
applications and the like.
[0455] In a preferred embodiment of the invention is to provide at
least one SDR programmed to scan all pertinent commercial carrier
channels and bands to determine each and all carriers' network
parameters for each downlink channel, including the Network Name,
Technology being decoded such as (CDMA, GSM, UMTS, LTE), determine
the UARFCN, ARFCN, PDSC, RSSI, Ec/lo, PLMN, Cell ID, LAC, Channel,
NID, SID, BSSID, Band, BTS frequency for all cells detected, MS
frequency for all cells detected, relationships among controlling
and neighbor cells, and the ability to automatically refresh scan
data. Additionally the scans will include determining the C-pitch
Carrier signal power, RSSI value, EC/No value for each signal.
[0456] In another preferred embodiment of the invention is to
provide at least one receiver system programmed to scan all
pertinent Managed Access channels and bands to determine each
Managed Access parameters for each downlink channel, including the
Network Name, Technology being decoded such as CDMA, GSM, UMTS,
LTE, determine the UARFCN, ARFCN, PDSC, RSSI, Ec/lo, PLMN, Cell ID,
LAC, Channel, NID, SID, BSSID, Band, BTS frequency for all cells
detected, MS frequency for all cells detected, relationships among
controlling and neighbor cells, and the ability to automatically
refresh scan data. Additionally the scans will include determining
the C-pitch Carrier signal power, RSSI value, EC/No value for each
signal.
[0457] In preferred embodiment of the invention, a receiver system
is a custom SDR designed system, with said custom SDR including at
least, a transceiver module which is capable of communicating in at
least one of the following protocols: all cellular protocols, GSM,
UMTS EVDO, IXrtt, D-AMPS, CDMA, IS-95 CDMA2000, AM, FM, IMT-2000,
WiMAX, FDMA, AMPS, GAN, Wi-Fi, GPRS, SMS, TDMA, HCSD, CSD, HSDPA,
WCDMA iDEN, Mobitex, NMT, PDC, PHS, TACS, TDMA, DECT, TD-SCDMA,
WCDMA, IMT-2000, WiDEN, BWA and the like.
[0458] In preferred embodiment of the invention, a receiver system
is a custom SDR designed system, with said custom SDR including at
least, a decoder module which is capable of decoding the
communications of at least one of the following protocols: all
cellular protocols, GSM, UMTS EVDO, IXrtt, D-AMPS, CDMA, IS-95
CDMA2000, AM, FM, IMT-2000, WiMAX, FDMA, AMPS, GAN, Wi-Fi, GPRS,
SMS, TDMA, HCSD, CSD, HSDPA, WCDMA iDEN, Mobitex, NMT, PDC, PHS,
TACS, TDMA, DECT, TD-SCDMA, WCDMA, IMT-2000, WiDEN, BWA and the
like.
[0459] In preferred embodiment of the invention, said custom
software designed system, includes at least an amplitude detection
circuit, a phased array detection circuit, a time domain circuit
based on at least nanosecond per foot accuracy, and the like.
[0460] Another embodiment of the invention is to provide a Managed
Access spectrum analysis program which compares the commercial
carrier network scans and compare them to the Managed Access
channels, protocols and bands, and an analysis program which
determines and automatically adjustments the parameters of the
signals of the Managed Access system to maintain a system which
controls all wires communication within the defined restricted
communications area and the like need to be made
[0461] Another embodiment of the invention is software designed
circuit board which includes at least, the time domain stop clock
invention and programmed to scan all.
[0462] Another embodiment of the invention incorporates the ability
of covering 4G/LTE on the 700, 806, 1900, 2100 and 2.3 GHz bands.
The MAS solution also includes 802.11 Wi-Fi on the 2.4 GHz band.
The solution is designed such that future generations of wireless
protocols can be integrated simply with little impact to on-site
hardware by utilizing the latest software defined radio technology.
The system also stays up to date on the latest developments in
future technologies to minimize the integration time between new
technology releases and MAS integration; this includes the proposed
5G network which is anticipated for 2021.
[0463] In an preferred embodiment of the invention a drone
detection system may comprise some of the following components: an
array of sensory devices positioned to cover the exterior perimeter
of the complex/facility. The compellations of sensory devices
provide an integrated set of detections technologies to detect and
locate drone/quadcopter trying entering the perimeter of the
complex The technologies include a set of at least a software
defined detection and intercept system to scan, detect, identify
and locate the RF transmissions of the drone/quadcopter
(uplink/downlink), an array acoustical sensors, optical sensor,
which are used to scan and detect the approach of a
drone/quadcopter and accurately locate its position and
direction.
[0464] These three arrays are integrated with daylight and infrared
image detection system which tracks, confirms, identifies,
characterizes and monitors the movement of the drone/quadcopter.
Additionally the integrated signal detections sensors along with
the image detection system allow for the identification of certain
drone models and types. Specific characteristics of new drones are
continuously updated in the system, in order to generate database
of drone signatures. These signatures are then stored in a database
and are used for drone recognition and identification purposes.
Optical sensor includes a range and thermal sensor, video unit,
laser rangefinder, an asset recognition unit and a predictive
motion and movement analysis system and the like.
[0465] It is expressly intended that all combinations of those
elements that perform substantially the same function in
substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within
the scope of the invention. Substitutions of elements from one
described embodiment to another are also fully intended and
contemplated. For example, while the term "cell phone" or
"transmission facility", "transmission device", "mobile device",
"handset", have been used herein, such terms relate to a general
class of wireless transmission devices that includes standard cell
phones, smart phones (e.g., PALM CENTRO), and iPhones. PALM is a
registered trademark and CENTRO is a trademark of the Palm Inc.,
Sunnyvale, Calif. iPhone is a registered trademark of Apple Inc.
Cupertino, Calif.
[0466] Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be
understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing
the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the
disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word
"comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the
indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. A
single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several
items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures
are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not
indicate that a combination of these measured cannot be used to
advantage.
[0467] The term "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including",
"as", "having", or any other variation thereof, are intended to
cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method,
article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not
necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other
elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method,
article, or apparatus. In addition, unless expressly stated to the
contrary, the term "or" refers to an inclusive "or" and not to an
exclusive "or". For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any
one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not
present); A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present);
and both A and B are true (or present).
* * * * *