U.S. patent application number 15/844156 was filed with the patent office on 2019-06-20 for hair treatment tool and spacing accessory.
This patent application is currently assigned to L'Oreal. The applicant listed for this patent is L'Oreal. Invention is credited to Sandy Lapize, Frederic Woodland.
Application Number | 20190183225 15/844156 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 64899268 |
Filed Date | 2019-06-20 |
![](/patent/app/20190183225/US20190183225A1-20190620-D00000.png)
![](/patent/app/20190183225/US20190183225A1-20190620-D00001.png)
![](/patent/app/20190183225/US20190183225A1-20190620-D00002.png)
![](/patent/app/20190183225/US20190183225A1-20190620-D00003.png)
![](/patent/app/20190183225/US20190183225A1-20190620-D00004.png)
![](/patent/app/20190183225/US20190183225A1-20190620-D00005.png)
United States Patent
Application |
20190183225 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Woodland; Frederic ; et
al. |
June 20, 2019 |
HAIR TREATMENT TOOL AND SPACING ACCESSORY
Abstract
A spacing accessory is selectively deployable with a hair
treatment tool. In a first aspect, an assembly includes (1) a hair
treatment tool with opposed heating surfaces disposed on two arms
configured to open, to allow hair to be inserted between the
heating surfaces, and close, to press hair between the heating
surfaces, and (2) a spacing accessory selectively deployable to
maintain the heating surfaces in a spaced relationship, when the
arms are closed. In a second aspect, a spacing accessory is
configured for removable attachment to a hair treatment tool of the
aforementioned type, with the spacing accessory including a spacing
member configured to extend between the two arms of the tool to
maintain a spaced relationship between the heating surfaces when
the arms are closed.
Inventors: |
Woodland; Frederic; (Gagny,
FR) ; Lapize; Sandy; (Paris, FR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
L'Oreal |
Paris |
|
FR |
|
|
Assignee: |
L'Oreal
Paris
FR
|
Family ID: |
64899268 |
Appl. No.: |
15/844156 |
Filed: |
December 15, 2017 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A45D 1/06 20130101; A45D
2/001 20130101; A45D 2006/005 20130101; A45D 6/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A45D 6/00 20060101
A45D006/00; A45D 2/00 20060101 A45D002/00 |
Claims
1. An assembly comprising: a hair treatment tool having two opposed
heating surfaces disposed, respectively, on two arms configured to
move relative to each other between an open configuration, for
inserting hair between the two heating surfaces, and a closed
configuration, in which hair is pressed between the two heating
surfaces; and a spacing accessory selectively deployable to
maintain the two heating surfaces in a spaced relationship in the
closed configuration and thereby prevent hair from being pressed
between the two heating surfaces.
2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the spacing accessory includes
at least one spacing member configured to extend between the two
arms when the spacing accessory is deployed.
3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the spacing accessory is
deployable by removably fastening the spacing accessory to the hair
treatment tool.
4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the spacing accessory may be
removably fastened to the hair treatment tool by clipping.
5. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the spacing accessory may be
removably fastened to the hair treatment tool by interlocking.
6. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the spacing accessory comprises
an elongate body having a top portion and opposing side portions
extending generally downwardly therefrom, and wherein the at least
one spacing member protrudes inwardly from one of the side
portions, such that the spacing accessory removably fastens to the
hair treatment tool by at least partially encompassing an exterior
surface of one of the two arms of the hair treatment tool.
7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the top portion and side
portions cooperate to form an interior surface of the spacing
accessory that corresponds to the exterior surface of the arm of
the hair treatment tool and restricts movement of the spacing
accessory along the arm of the hair treatment tool.
8. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the at least one spacing member
is in the form of an opposed pair of tabs that extend inwardly from
the opposing sides.
9. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the spacing member maintains
the two arms in a spaced relationship in the closed
configuration.
10. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the spacing accessory also
maintains the two arms in a spaced relationship in the closed
configuration.
11. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the distance between the two
heating surfaces when in the spaced relationship is constant over
the entire area of the heating surfaces.
12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the distance between the two
heating surfaces when in the spaced relationship is from 0.5 mm to
5.0 mm.
13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the distance between the two
heating surfaces when in the spaced relationship is from 1.0 mm to
2.5 mm.
14. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the two heating surfaces are
planar, and are parallel to each other when in the spaced
relationship.
15. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the spacing member is movable
relative to the spacing accessory between a deployed configuration
in which the spacing member extends between the two arms, and a
non-deployed orientation in which the spacing member does not
extend between the two arms.
16. An assembly comprising: a hair treatment tool having opposed
first and second heating surfaces disposed, respectively, on first
and second arms configured to move relative to each other between
an open configuration, for inserting hair between the heating
surfaces, and a closed configuration, in which hair is pressed
between the heating surfaces; and a spacing accessory configured
for removable attachment to the first arm; wherein the first arm
has an elongate housing that extends along an axis from a proximal
end to a distal end, and includes an inner surface upon which the
heating surface is disposed, and an outer surface; wherein the
spacing accessory further comprises a body configured to removably
fit around the outer surface of at least a longitudinal section of
the housing, and at least one inwardly protruding spacing member
disposed on the body, the spacing member having: a first side
disposed to abut the inner surface of the first arm when the
spacing accessory is attached to the first arm, and an opposed
second side disposed to abut the second arm when the first and
second arms are in the closed configuration, to thereby maintain a
spaced relationship between the two heating surfaces in the closed
configuration.
17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the body of the spacing
accessory includes an interior surface configured to correspond to
the outer surface of the longitudinal section of the housing, to
thereby restrict movement of the spacing accessory along the axis
in at least one direction when the spacing accessory is attached to
the first arm.
18. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the periphery of the outer
surface of the first arm decreases in a first direction along the
longitudinal section of the housing, and wherein movement of the
spacing accessory in the first direction is restricted thereby,
when the spacing accessory is attached to the first arm.
19. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the heating surface is
disposed nearer to the distal end of the first arm, and the body of
the spacing accessory is configured to fit around a longitudinal
section of the housing that is disposed nearer to the proximal end
of the first arm.
20. A spacing accessory configured for removable attachment to a
hair treatment tool of the type characterized by having two opposed
heating surfaces disposed, respectively, on two elongate arms
configured to move relative to each other between an open
configuration, for inserting hair between the two heating surfaces,
and a closed configuration, in which hair is pressed between the
two heating surfaces; the spacing accessory comprising: a body
configured to removably fit around at least a longitudinal section
of one of the two arms, to thereby removably attach the spacing
accessory to the hair treatment tool; wherein the body further
comprises an interior surface and an exterior surface, and at least
one spacing member disposed on and protruding inwardly from the
interior surface; and wherein the spacing member is configured to
extend between the two arms when the spacing accessory is removably
attached to the hair treatment tool, and includes opposing sides
configured to respectively abut both of the arms of the hair
treatment tool when in the closed configuration, to thereby
maintain a spaced relationship between the two heating surfaces in
the closed configuration.
Description
SUMMARY
[0001] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of
concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in
the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify
key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to
be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject
matter.
[0002] The present disclosure provides, in a first aspect, an
assembly that includes: (1) a hair treatment tool having two
opposed heating surfaces disposed, respectively, on two arms
configured to move relative to each other between an open
configuration, for inserting hair between the two heating surfaces,
and a closed configuration, in which hair is pressed between the
two heating surfaces; and (2) a spacing accessory selectively
deployable to maintain the two heating surfaces in a spaced
relationship in the closed configuration and thereby prevent hair
from being pressed between the two heating surfaces.
[0003] Thus, when the spacing accessory is deployed, the heating
surfaces are maintained in a spaced relationship, allowing the hair
treatment tool to be used with hair, such as wrapped hair, in a
manner that does not press the hair between the heating surfaces.
When the spacing accessory is not deployed, the heating tool may be
used to press hair between the heating surfaces.
[0004] In some embodiments, the spacing accessory includes at least
one spacing member configured to extend between the two arms when
the spacing accessory is deployed. In some of such embodiments, the
spacing accessory is deployable by removably fastening the spacing
accessory to the hair treatment tool, such as by clipping,
interlocking, a friction fit, and so forth.
[0005] The spacing accessory, in some embodiments, includes an
elongate body having a top portion and opposing side portions
extending generally downwardly therefrom, in which a spacing member
protrudes inwardly from one of the side portions, such that the
spacing accessory removably fastens to the hair treatment tool by
substantially encompassing an exterior surface of one of the two
arms of the hair treatment tool. In some configurations, the
spacing member takes the form of an opposed pair of tabs extending
inwardly from the opposing sides, which maintain the heating
surfaces in a spaced relationship.
[0006] In some embodiments, the spacing accessory maintains a
distance between the heating surfaces in the closed configuration
that is constant over at least a portion, and in some cases the
entire area, of the heating surfaces. Although this distance is not
limited, in some of such embodiments, the distance between the two
heating surfaces when in the spaced relationship is from 0.5 mm to
5.0 mm. In certain of these embodiments, the distance between the
two heating surfaces when in the spaced relationship is from 1.0 mm
to 2.5 mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the two
heating surfaced when in the spaced relationship is equal to or
greater than 2.5 mm, for example equal to or greater than 5.0 mm.
The distance between the heating surfaces may allow sufficient
clearance so that wrapping material used on treated hair is not
dragged along the hair when the tool moved along the hair. In some
cases, the distance between the heating surfaces in the closed
configuration may allow a lower temperature treatment of the hair
as compared to when the hair is pressed between the heating
surfaces.
[0007] In some embodiments, instead of being removably fastenable
to the hair treatment tool, the spacing accessory is integral with
the hair treatment tool, such as in an embodiment in which the
spacing member is movable relative to the spacing accessory between
a deployed configuration in which the spacing member extends
between the two arms, and a non-deployed orientation in which the
spacing member does not extend between the two arms.
[0008] Various configurations of the assembly, and the spacing
accessory, are described in greater detail herein.
[0009] The present disclosure provides, in a second aspect, a
spacing accessory configured for removable attachment to a hair
treatment tool such as a straightening iron, that is, a hair
treatment tool of the type characterized by having two opposed
heating surfaces disposed, respectively, on two elongate arms
configured to move relative to each other between an open
configuration, for inserting hair between the two heating surfaces,
and a closed configuration, in which hair is pressed between the
two heating surfaces. In embodiments in accordance with this
aspect, the spacing accessory includes a body configured to
removably fit around at least a longitudinal section of one of the
two arms, to thereby removably attach the spacing accessory to the
hair treatment tool. In such embodiments, the body further includes
an interior surface and an exterior surface, and at least one
spacing member disposed on and protruding inwardly from the
interior surface. The spacing member is thereby configured to
extend between the two arms when the spacing accessory is removably
attached to the hair treatment tool, and includes opposing sides
configured to respectively abut both of the arms of the hair
treatment tool when in the closed configuration, to thereby
maintain a spaced relationship between the two heating surfaces in
the closed configuration.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages
of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same
become better understood by reference to the following detailed
description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, wherein:
[0011] FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of an illustrative
example of an assembly in accordance with one aspect of the present
disclosure, which includes a hair treatment tool with its arms
disposed in an open configuration, and a spacing accessory
removably fastened thereto.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a side view of the assembly of FIG. 1, but with
the arms of the hair treatment tool disposed in a closed
configuration.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly along the
line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
[0014] FIGS. 4 and 5 are three-dimensional views of the spacing
accessory of FIG. 1.
[0015] FIG. 6 is a top view of the spacing accessory of FIG. 1.
[0016] FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the spacing accessory of FIG.
1.
[0017] FIGS. 8 and 9 are opposing side views of the spacing
accessory of FIG. 1.
[0018] FIGS. 10 and 11 are opposing end views of the spacing
accessory of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] Some hair treatment tools are used by moving the tool along
the length of the hair. For example, a straightening iron can be
used to straighten a lock of hair, such as by closing the opposed
heating surfaces of the tool on a lock of hair and then moving it
along the lock. The design of the tool, and/or the pressure applied
by the user, keeps the hair pressed between the heating
surfaces.
[0020] In some cases, a straightening iron can be used with hair to
which a cosmetic product has been applied. For example, a product
may be applied to hair, such as when the hair is wet, and then the
tool is passed along the treated hair to melt or activate the
product. In some forms of such a treatment, sections of treated
hair are wrapped in foil prior to the use of the tool, for example
to retain the product on the treated hair, to isolate locks of
treated hair from other hair, and so forth. However, when a
straightening iron is passed over wrapped sections of hair, the
pressure applied by the tool may drag the wrapping off of the hair,
or abrade the heating surface(s) of the tool. Further, the pressure
of the tool may carry the product off the hair and onto the tool
and/or the user, which can cause malfunctions of the tool and/or
irritation to the user. This may be especially problematic as some
cosmetic hair products may include oxidizing agents or other
irritants.
[0021] Thus, there is a need to be able to use such a tool to
straighten hair, and also, when desired, to heat and/or activate a
product on treated hair without encountering the aforementioned
difficulties.
[0022] The present disclosure addresses the aforementioned need,
and relates to devices for treating hair and their accessories, and
more particularly hair treatment tools intended for shaping and/or
heating the hair by pressing the hair between two heating surfaces,
such as a straightening iron.
[0023] In a first aspect, the disclosure relates more particularly
to an assembly that includes (1) a hair treatment tool with opposed
heating surfaces disposed on two arms configured to open, to allow
hair to be inserted between the heating surfaces, and close, to
press hair between the heating surfaces, and (2) a spacing
accessory selectively deployable to maintain the heating surfaces
in a spaced relationship, when the arms are closed. In a second
aspect, the disclosure relates to a spacing accessory configured
for removable attachment to a hair treatment tool of the
aforementioned type, with the spacing accessory including a spacing
member configured to extend between the two arms of the tool to
maintain a spaced relationship between the heating surfaces when
the arms are closed.
[0024] FIG. 1 shows an illustrative example of an assembly 10 in
accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, which
includes a hair treatment tool 20 and a spacing accessory 22.
[0025] Hair treatment tool 20 of assembly 10 is shown as a
straightening iron, and as such includes two arms 30, 32, extending
from a base portion 34. The tool is supplied with power by means of
a power cord 36. The arms are configured to move relative to each
other as indicated by arrow A, between the open configuration as
shown, and a closed configuration, such as by means of a hinge
portion or assembly that is indicated generally at 38. As can be
seen also with reference to FIG. 2, each arm includes an elongate
housing 40, 42 extending from a proximal end near the hinge portion
to a distal end, and two opposed heating surfaces 44, 46 disposed,
respectively, on the inner surfaces 50, 52 of the distal portions
of the two arms. As such, it can be understood that in use, a user
may grasp the tool and introduce a lock of hair between the arms,
then close the arms manually in order to subject the lock of hair
to the heat output of the heating surfaces.
[0026] As is typical with straightening irons, when the arms are
moved to a closed configuration, hair is pressed between the
heating surfaces. However, assembly 10 is shown to be provided with
a spacing accessory 22, which maintains the heating surfaces in a
spaced relationship in the closed configuration, such as shown in
FIG. 2. More specifically, spacing accessory 22 includes a spacing
member, generally indicated at 60, in the form of an opposed pair
of tabs 62, which extend between the two arms. So deployed, the
spacing accessory prevents hair between the arms from being pressed
between the two heating surfaces when the arms are closed. Such a
configuration may be useful, for example, when moving the tool
along wrapped sections of hair, such as to provide heat, but
without dragging the wrapping material off of the hair. Maintaining
the heating surfaces in a spaced relationship, but proximate to
each other, may also reduce abrasion of the heating surfaces that
might otherwise be caused by moving the heating surfaces against
wrapping material such as foil. It may also reduce removal of
product off hair as the tool is moved along the lock of hair, which
may occur when hair is pressed directly between the heating
surfaces. Also, a lower temperature treatment of the hair may be
provided when the heating surfaces are spaced apart, as compared to
when the hair is directly pressed between the heating surfaces.
[0027] The spacing accessory 22 is selectively deployable to
provide the spacing effect, which allows a user to elect to use the
straightening iron with the spacing accessory deployed to maintain
the heating surfaces in spaced relationship, or without deploying
the spacing accessory, such as to press hair directly between the
heating surfaces.
[0028] In the illustrative embodiment, the spacing accessory is
selectively deployable in that it is configured to be removably
fastened to the tool 20. More specifically, as described further
below and with reference to FIGS. 3-11, the accessory 22 is
configured to removably clip into place on the tool by encompassing
a longitudinal portion of one of the arms of the tool.
[0029] In particular, spacing accessory 22 is shown in the
illustrative embodiment to include an elongate body 70 having a top
portion 72 and opposing side portions 74 extending generally
downward therefrom. The spacing member 60, in the form of opposed
tabs 62, protrude inwardly from the side portions 74. The top
portion and side portions cooperate to form an interior surface 76
that fits to the arm of the heat treatment tool. Further, as
perhaps shown best in FIGS. 2 and 3, tabs 52 are configured such
that when the spacing accessory is so deployed and the arm 30, 32
are moved to a closed configuration, opposing sides of tabs 52
abut, respectively, the inner surfaces of the arms, spacing the
heating surfaces 44, 46 from each other.
[0030] The spacing accessory maintains a distance between the
heating surfaces in the closed configuration that is constant over
at least a portion of the heating surfaces. In the illustrative
assembly 10, tool 20 is provided with planar heating surfaces.
Also, as is typical with some straightening irons, hinge portion 38
is configured to adjust in order to accommodate locks of hair of
varying thickness, by maintaining the heating surfaces parallel to
each other when the arms are closed over thicker locks of hair. As
such, the spacing accessory 22 in the illustrative assembly 10 is
shown to maintain a distance between the heating surfaces in the
closed configuration that is constant over the entire area of the
heating surfaces. The configuration of the spacing member may
determine this distance, such as by means of the thickness of the
tabs 52. In addition, in some configurations of tool 20, the
heating surfaces may be flush with, or raised or lowered relative
to, the inner surfaces of arms 30, 32, or at least the portion(s)
of the inner surfaces abutted by the spacing member 50. Whatever
the configuration, example distances between the two heating
surfaces when in the spaced relationship that are suitable to
provide the benefits discussed above (e.g., to reduce or avoid
interfering with wrapping material on treated hair and/or removing
product from treated hair, to provide a lower temperature
treatment, etc.) are from 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, such as distances from
1.0 mm to 2.5 mm. However, other distances are within the scope of
this disclosure, as are distances that may vary over the areas of
the heating surfaces.
[0031] Spacing accessory 22 is fashioned from a material of
sufficient flexibility, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, so
that the side portions may deflect somewhat from their normal
configuration, in order to clip on and off arm 30 of tool 20.
[0032] Spacing accessory 22 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to clip to
arm 30 so that it does not interfere with the use of the tool when
heating hair, in that the accessory, when deployed, clips to a
predetermined location on arm 30 that is between the heating
surface 44 and the hinge portion 38. Thus deployed, the spacing
accessory does not laterally obstruct access to the space between
the opposed heating surfaces. In the illustrated embodiment, this
is accomplished by means of providing the spacing accessory with an
interior surface that corresponds to the exterior surface 40--or a
predetermined longitudinal section thereof--of arm 30. More
specifically, the configuration of arm 30 is such that the width
increases from the distal end to the proximal end, while the
thickness decreases. The interior surface of spacing accessory 22
is correspondingly tapered in order to permit clipping of the
spacing accessory 22 in the predetermined location, and also
restrict inadvertent movement of the spacing accessory along the
arm when deployed.
[0033] Moreover, so as to reduce the possibility of inadvertent
removal of the spacing accessory from the tool, the material(s)
and/or dimension(s) of the spacing accessory may be selected to
require a predetermined amount of force to be applied in order to
unclip the accessory. For example, the spacing accessory may be
configured to require a force of a certain magnitude to be applied
in order to sufficiently deflect the side portion to unclip the
spacing accessory. An example force is on the order of 5 N.
[0034] It can be seen, from the explanation of the various
components and concepts in the preceding paragraphs, that a number
of variations to the physical configuration of a spacing accessory
that is removably fastenable to an arm of a hair treatment tool
such as a straightening iron may be made, without departing from
the scope of the disclosure.
[0035] For example, the interior surface of the spacing accessory
may take any suitable form in order to provide a clip fit to one or
more predetermined locations on the arm of the hair treatment tool,
and/or restrict movement of the spacing accessory along the axis of
the arm in one or both directions when attached thereto. In some
embodiments, such as that shown in the illustrative assembly, the
spacing accessory may be designed to fit a specific model of hair
treatment tool, such as the Redken "Heatcure" device. Such
embodiments may, therefore, also accord with a second aspect of the
present disclosure, that is, by providing a spacing accessory
configured for removable attachment to a hair treatment tool such
as the type described and shown above; that is, of the type
characterized by having two opposed heating surfaces disposed on
two arms configured to move relative to each other between an open
configuration, for inserting hair between the two heating surfaces,
and a closed configuration, in which hair is pressed between the
two heating surfaces. In other words, the present disclosure
encompasses embodiments that include both a heat treatment tool and
a spacing accessory, as well as embodiments that include only a
spacing accessory for use with a suitable heat treatment tool.
[0036] In either aspect, some embodiments may be configured to
removably attach to more than one predetermined location on one or
both arms of a hair treatment tool, such as to maintain the heating
surfaces at different distances when the arms are in the closed
configuration. For example, the arms of a hair treatment tool may
be configured such that the spacing accessory clips onto a first
longitudinal section on one arm and a second longitudinal section
on the other arm, which respectively correspond to two different
distances between the heating surfaces, to allow a user to choose
between two different spaced configurations for hair treatment.
[0037] In some embodiments in accordance with the second aspect of
this disclosure, the spacing accessory may be provided with a
flexible inner cuff and/or interior surface such that it can be
fitted to a variety of hair treatment tool models, and so
forth.
[0038] In embodiments of the spacing accessory that are configured
for selective deployment by means of being configured to be
removably fastened to the hair treatment tool, the spacing
accessory may be provided with fastening mechanism(s) or
component(s) other than to provide a clip fit, including a friction
fit, a mechanical interlock, a magnetic attachment, and so
forth.
[0039] In some embodiments, the spacing member of a removably
fastenable spacing accessory may take any suitable configuration to
maintain the heating surfaces in a spaced relationship when the
arms are in a closed configuration. This may include, for example,
spacing members in the form of tabs or other structural components
that protrude between the arms of the tool, as well as
configurations that may alternatively or additionally engage
structure on the exterior surface of one or both arms of the tool,
and so forth.
[0040] Further, in some embodiments in accordance with the first
aspect of this disclosure, the spacing accessory may be integral to
the hair treatment tool. Embodiments of this configuration may
include a spacing member that is movable relative to the spacing
accessory between a deployed configuration in which the spacing
member extends between the two arms, and a non-deployed orientation
in which the spacing member does not extend between the two arms.
One example configuration may include a spacing accessory disposed
in one of the arms, which includes a movable, spring-biased spacing
member that in a deployed configuration extends upward from the arm
to abut the other arm when the arms are closed, and in a
non-deployed configuration recesses within a chamber in the arm.
Another example configuration may include a spacing accessory that
includes a spacing member in the form of a movable arm configured
to pivot about a vertical axis between a deployed position in which
the movable arm is pivoted to extend between the arms of the tool,
and a non-deployed position in which the movable arm is pivoted to
a non-obstructing position.
[0041] While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and
described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made
therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention.
* * * * *