System And Method For Retrofitting A Refrigeration System From Hcfc To Hfc Refrigerant

Abstract

A system and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system containing an HCFC refrigerant and a compatible lubricant, with an HFC refrigerant, comprising providing a transport container containing a mixture of a miscible lubricant and the HFC refrigerant, removing the HCFC refrigerant from the refrigeration system while maintaining at least a portion of a lubricant immiscible with the HFC refrigerant, and charging the refrigeration system with the mixture. The polyol ester lubricant may be present in a range exceeding about 5-15% by weight, e.g., 8%.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/255,826, filed Sep. 2, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,094,603, issued Oct. 9, 2018, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/877,609, filed Oct. 7, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,435,575, issued Sep. 6, 2016, which is a Continuation of Ser. No. 14/744,776, filed Jun. 19, 2015, now pending, which each claim benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/032,129, filed Aug. 1, 2014 and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/017,530, filed Jun. 26, 2014, the entirety of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to PCT/US15/37689, filed Jun. 25, 2015.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of refrigerants, refrigeration systems, and refrigeration system lubricants.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] R-407C is an HFC refrigerant replacement for R-22, a HCFC refrigerant, in positive displacement systems such as new or existing residential and commercial air-conditioners and heat pumps. R-407C offers similar performance to R-22 and can be used to retrofit existing R-22 air-conditioning and refrigeration systems.

[0004] R-407C is a mixture of hydrofluorocarbons used as a refrigerant. It is a zeotropic blend of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). R-32, R-125 and R-134a are present in the proportions 23%/25%/52% by weight (a .+-.2% tolerance is allowed for each of the components). R-407A is a mixture of 20% R32, 40% R125, and 40% R-134a, and is therefore R-407A is similar in many respects to R407C. Difluoromethane serves to provide the heat capacity, pentafluoroethane decreases flammability, tetrafluoroethane reduces pressure. R-22 is chlorodifluoromethane.

[0005] Most compressors require a lubricant to protect internal moving parts. The compressor manufacturer usually recommends the type of lubricant and proper viscosity that should be used to ensure acceptable operation and equipment durability. Recommendations are based on several criteria, which can include: lubricity; lubricant/refrigerant solubility; lubricant/refrigerant miscibility; compatibility with materials of construction; and thermal stability and compatibility with other lubricants. It is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for lubricants to be used with their equipment.

[0006] Lubricant return to the compressors is very important as well. One factor that affects this is the liquid-phase lubricant/refrigerant miscibility, particularly at evaporator temperatures. Miscibility is the ability of two liquids to mix and form a single liquid phase. Ideally, the lubricant-refrigerant pair have sufficient miscibility or mutual solubility to allow the lubricant to flow with the liquid refrigerant and return to the compressor in a single phase. Even if the lubricant/refrigerant pair are not miscible (two liquid phases form) in the evaporator, they may still have some degree of solubility. Solubility of refrigerant in lubricant lowers lubricant viscosity, which helps it flow through the evaporator and return to the compressor. This is why many refrigeration systems can operate properly, even though the lubricant and refrigerant are immiscible (yet partially soluble) at evaporation temperatures. Other factors, such as refrigerant vapor velocity and system geometry, play key roles in lubricant return. Overall, it is important to note that lubricant/refrigerant miscibility is helpful, but not necessarily essential for proper system operation.

[0007] In general, R-22 and mineral oil are miscible over most of the expected ranges of operating conditions for normal air conditioning and high to medium temperature operation. Miscibility is generally believed to aid lubricant return to the compressor. The miscibility of refrigerant and lubricant is determined by several factors: the relative amounts of refrigerant and lubricant present, the temperature, the chemical makeup of the lubricant and of the refrigerant, and the viscosity of the lubricant.

[0008] Therefore, it may be desirable in a retrofit of an existing system of this type to use a miscible lubricant, such as polyol ester lubricant, with R-407C refrigerant. In general, R-407C is miscible with polyol ester (POE) lubricant and immiscible with alkylbenzene and mineral oil lubricant.

[0009] Residual mineral oil or alkylbenzene left in a refrigeration system after a retrofit to any HFC refrigerant is performed is known to decrease the lubricant/refrigerant miscibility. This is one of the reasons why three oil changes are generally recommended when a system is being converted or retrofit to use HFC refrigerants and POE lubricants. Thus, a traditional recommendation is to replace all mineral oil or alkylbenzene lubricant with POE during a retrofit.

[0010] Emerson Climate Technologies (Copeland.RTM.) provided in 1995 & 2005 the following recommendations when conducting a changeover: "Copeland's only approved lubricants for use with R-407C are Polyol ester lubricants"; "Mineral oil lubricant, such as 3GS, cannot be used as the compressor lubricant. Copeland recommends the following lubricant choices: Polyol Ester (POE)"; "The mineral oil must be removed from the compressor crankcase. Hermetic compressors will have to be removed from the piping and the lubricant drained out through the suction stub. It is advisable to do an acid test on the lubricant removed"; "Those systems that have oil separators, oil reservoirs, oil floats and suction line accumulators must have the oil drained from them. If the liquid control device is going to be replaced, it is advisable that the suction line, liquid line, and evaporator coil be blown clean using properly regulated dry nitrogen"; "POEs are very hygroscopic. They will very quickly absorb moisture from the air once the container is opened. Once the lubricant is added to the compressor, the compressor should be quickly installed. Like an open container, an open compressor with POE will absorb moisture. Add the correct amount of lubricant, to the compressor. On systems using enhanced surfaces in the heat exchanger, excessive mineral oil can adversely effect the heat transfer due to logging. Therefore, it is desirable to have no more than one percent mineral oil in systems employing these types surfaces." lvhvac.com/cope_bulletins/95-14.pdf.

[0011] Dupont (2004) advises that no more than 5% mineral oil remain in the refrigeration system after a changeover from R-22 to R-407C.

(www2.dupont.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/h70004_Suva407c_retr- ofit_guide.pdf)

[0012] Similarly, Tecumseh advised in 2009 (www.air-innovations.nl/web/pdf/GUIDELINES-FOR-UTILIZATION-OF-R407C.pdf): [0013] Synthetic Lubricants: Polyol Esters (POEs) And Polyvinyl Ethers (PVEs) [0014] A) Miscibility [0015] 1. Miscibility is the ability of the lubricant and the refrigerant to mix. This miscibility is a very important factor in providing proper heat transfer and in returning lubricant to the compressor in a refrigeration system over its range of operating temperatures. [0016] 2. R407C and Mineral oils (MO) are not miscible [0017] 3. Polyol Ester (POE) as well as Polyvinyl Ether (PVE) oils and R407C are miscible. [0018] 4. R407C and Synthetic Alkylate (SA) oils are partially miscible . . . . [0019] C) Compatibility . . . [0020] 2. While polyol ester and polyvinyl ether oils are compatible with mineral oils, they should not be indiscriminately mixed with mineral oils in R407C refrigerant systems. This practice could result in the inability of the oil to return to the compressor and/or reduce heat transfer performance in the evaporator. However, small amounts up to 5% of mineral oil are acceptable in field retrofit situations (1% or less is preferred).

[0021] Ennio Campagna et al., "The Use of R-407C: Applications and Guidelines", makina.beun.edu.tr/eskisite/akademik_kadro/meyriboyun/mak723/The_Use_of_R- -407C.pdf, states: [0022] 1) General Considerations for HFC Refrigerants [0023] Systems which use R407C normally have compressors charged with a miscible lubricant such as POE (polyolester). There are many manufacturers and grades of these lubricants. R-407C is generally not used with mineral or alkyl-benzene (i.e. hydrocarbon based) oils as the miscibility is not adequate to ensure satisfactory oil return to the compressor. It is very important that, when servicing a system and oil is needed, the correct oil be used. Seek guidance from the system or compressor manufacturer on which specific oil to use in a maintenance situation. [0024] b) System contamination with mineral oils, or with R22, can have a serious effect on performance and system reliability. Systems which use enhanced tube heat exchangers (evaporators and condensers) are particularly vulnerable to performance degradation arising from the presence of HC based oils. It is strongly recommended that dedicated service gauge sets are used for R407C to prevent inadvertent contamination.

[0025] Similarly, Herronhill provides general guidelines to assist in the replacement of R22 condensing units with equivalent R407C units (2004, www.heronhill.co.uk/technical-information/40/converting-r22-systems-to-r4- 07c), stating "Condensing units built and supplied by IMI Air Conditioning Ltd. (now Marstair Ltd) before 1999, for use with R22 will contain mineral oil. R407C units will contain polyolester oil (POE). Check the compressor label to confirm the type of oil in the system. For safe system operation it is essential to remove the mineral oil from the existing system, as R407C is not compatible with mineral oil. On completion of the change over the concentration of mineral oil remaining in the system should not exceed 5% of the total oil charge.

[0026] Sundaresan, S. G.; Pate, M. B.; Doerr, T. M.; and Ray, D. T., "A Comparison of the Effects of POE and Mineral Oil Lubricants on the In-Tube Evaporation of R-22, R-407C and R-410A" (1996). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 322. docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/322, describe tests on the heat transfer efficiency of R-22, R-407C and R-410A on smooth and finned tubes, when neat, mixed with mineral oil, and when mixed with POE oil. POE-mineral oil mixtures were not tested. The heat transfer efficiency was higher for R-407C mixed with POE than with mineral oil.

[0027] Some more recent consideration of the choice or lubricant considers mixtures of lubricants, including mineral oil (MO) and polyol esters (POE). For example, The News, (Peter Powell, Dec. 3, 2012, www.achrnews.com/articles/print/121529-retrofit-round-up-plenty-of-option- s) states: [0028] Retrofit Round-up: Plenty of Options [0029] Because no one HFC refrigerant can be retrofitted efficiently into the entire range of R-22 equipment, a wide and sometimes changing variety of HFCs have entered the market. The NEWS contacted a number of refrigerant manufacturers asking them to discuss some of their most popular HFCs for R-22 retrofits, the range of applications, and servicing tips. [0030] While this can provide a guideline, The NEWS urges readers to contact refrigerant manufacturers directly to discuss the specific R-22 system being considered for retrofit and what HFC refrigerants might best work in such applications. This listing is in alphanumerical order according to ASHRAE designations. [0031] R-407A [0032] Gus Rolotti, technical marketing director of Arkema's North American fluorochemicals business, described R-407A as a refrigerant for low- and medium-temp refrigeration. "Both R-407A and R-407C are well proven in the industry and provide good performance coupled with a lower GWP. They require the use of a POE oil." Because of that, there needs to be a changeout of the mineral oil in an existing R-22 system. [0033] Noted Rolotti, "First, fix any leaks and identify components that may need to be replaced or fixed. Recover the R-22 completely, repair/replace any components as identified earlier and pull the system into a deep vacuum. Remove the required amount of mineral oil either by flushing with an external agent or using the R-22 from the system. Once most of the mineral oil is removed, replace it with POE oil and pull the system into a deep vacuum again. Refill with the appropriate amount of the retrofit refrigerant and run the system to set up controls and operating conditions. It is recommended that the filter drier is always replaced when the system is opened to ensure that there is fresh desiccant available to dry the system." [0034] R-407C [0035] Arkema's Rolotti considers R-407C a choice for air conditioning. Retrofit procedures are similar to those with R-407A refrigerant. [0036] In his comments regarding R-407C, Ron Vogl, technical marketing manager for Honeywell Refrigerants, described it as a choice for residential and light commercial a/c applications. The retrofit process for R-407C, he said, involves recovering R-22. Then, regarding oil, Vogl said, "POE is recommended. If existing MO is used, the addition of some POE to the system is required for proper oil return." The use of the refrigerant requires a minimum of 20 percent POE for close-coupled a/c systems with no liquid receivers. No TXV change required, but minor adjustments may be needed. Replace any O-rings, seals, and other elastomers used in the system. In most air conditioning and heat pump systems this only applies to the Schrader valve seal and cap seal material. The next step is to evacuate and recharge. (Pounds of 407C=pounds of original refrigerant.times.70.6 divided by 73.9.) Then adjust system safety and operating controls; label system indicating refrigerant and charged lubricant. [0037] National Refrigerants, states (date unknown, www.nationalref.com/pdf/R22_Alternatives.pdf): [0038] Will the blends work with mineral oil? [0039] HFC Refrigerants with Mineral Oil [0040] They don't mix so the mineral oil will form a separate layer in the receiver or other high-side liquid hold up. [0041] Mineral Oil will remain thick on the low side and not be returned back to the compressor. [0042] Will the blends work with mineral oil? [0043] Hydrocarbons (HC) in Blends [0044] HC soaks into mineral oil and thins it so it will circulate easily around the system. [0045] The thinned mineral oil will move easily on the low side. [0046] The mineral oil/HC mixture will still not mix with liquid HFC on the high side of the system. A layer of oil will still form in the receiver or other liquid hold-up. [0047] Partial POE Retrofit [0048] Some amount of mineral oil is replaced with POE (does not require 3 flushes or less than 5% mineral oil). [0049] The POE mixes well with the mineral oil, and the resulting mixture dissolves somewhat into liquid HFC. [0050] The oil mixture will be carried by the liquid HFC out of the receiver. [0051] National Refrigerants testing has shown that as little as 10% POE in mineral oil will circulate as much as an older compressor will pump out into a system. [0052] These tests have also shown that there is very little difference in oil solubility with all of the blends on the market, regardless of the hydrocarbon content in the blend. Partial POE works with all of the blends, but hydrocarbons do not appear to help with liquid solubility of mineral oil with HFCs.

[0053] Therefore, there has been some evolution as to whether mineral oil can remain in the refrigeration system after a retrofit, with the permissible proportion of mineral oil increasing. In particular, National Refrigerants proposes a partial POE retrofit, with greater than 5% mineral oil remaining. However, the existing recommendations appear to require empirical testing for cases other than less than 5% mineral oil remaining.

[0054] See, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,834,748; 2,846,458; 2,889,379; 2,917,480; 2,931,840; 2,970,988; 3,085,918; 3,384,828; 3,723,318; 3,884,828; 4,138,855; 4,198,313; 4,272,960; 4,465,786; 4,482,465; 4,788,352; 4,798,818; 4,810,403; 4,941,986; 4,944,890; 5,026,497; 5,053,155; 5,080,823; 5,108,637; 5,182,040; 5,227,245; 5,304,320; 5,318,716; 5,360,566; 5,370,812; 5,387,357; 5,417,871; 5,425,890; 5,458,798; 5,616,275; 5,622,644; 5,624,596; 5,626,790; 5,648,017; 5,672,293; 5,685,163; 5,714,083; 5,785,883; 5,788,886; 5,811,603; 5,968,406; 6,025,532; 6,106,740; 6,111,150; 6,117,356; 6,235,951; 6,258,292; 6,316,681; 6,374,629; 6,426,019; 6,516,837; 6,526,764; 6,589,355; 6,604,368; 6,606,868; 6,629,419; 6,673,976; 6,783,691; 6,858,571; 6,991,743; 7,238,299; 7,279,451; 7,341,984; 7,442,321; 7,465,698; 7,524,805; 7,629,306; 7,767,638; 7,825,081; 7,829,748; 7,833,433; 7,846,355; 7,862,742; 7,972,528; 8,008,244; 8,053,404; 8,101,672; 8,148,317; 8,444,874; 8,465,664; 8,551,354; 8,557,136; U.S. Published Patent Application Nos. 20020046568; 20030042463; 20040089839; 20040119047; 20040127383; 20040256594; 20050233923; 20050233931; 20050233932; 20050245421; 20050247905; 20060019857; 20060025322; 20060043331; 20060058560; 20060243944; 20060243945; 20070007488; 20070010592; 20070069175; 20070108403; 20070210275; 20070210276; 20070290163; 20070290177; 20080069177; 20080075673; 20080099190; 20080121837; 20080171652; 20080230738; 20080308763; 20080314073; 20090041677; 20090053695; 20090120619; 20090158771; 20090224199; 20090242828; 20090253820; 20090278076; 20090285764; 20090302285; 20090305876; 20100025619; 20100044619; 20100048961; 20100075046; 20100122545; 20100127209; 20100200798; 20110162410; 20110226983; 20110289748; 20120138846; 20120187331; 20120312048; 20130075063; 20130119299; 20130126776; 20130126777; 20130126778; CN101864276; CN95117074; DE4116274; EP0398147; EP0430169; EP0509673; EP0539952; EP0565265; EP0582451; EP0608164; EP0659862; EP0720639; EP0779352; EP0974571; EP1167894; EP1193305; EP1716216; EP1832640; EP1985680; EP2036943; EP2149592; EP2246649; EP2249104; GB2007000746; GB2435747; GB2440258; JP4110388; RU2073058; WO1998050331; WO2004037752; WO2004037913; WO2005042663; WO2005083028; WO2005103190; WO2005103191; WO2005103192; WO2005105947; WO2005108522; WO2005108523; WO2006094303; WO2007002625; WO2007035697; WO2007053697; WO2007099350; WO2007109748; WO2008027555; WO2008065011; WO2008076272; WO2008121776; WO2008121783; WO2008121785; WO2009047535; WO2009114397; WO2009134957; WO2009151669; WO2010000993; WO2010000994; WO2010002020; WO2010002023; WO2010056695; WO2010059677; WO2010065005; WO2010075046; WO2010088320; WO2010119265; WO2011019350; each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0055] The present invention provides a premixed HFC refrigerant and compatible POE lubricant, e.g., in a transport container. The amount of lubricant is selected to an amount between about 5% to 20% by weight of the refrigerant. Preferably, the amount is 8% by weight.

[0056] The amount of POE should be at least 10% of the total lubricant amount, with about 20% POE by weight of refrigerant representing the amount of POE in the absence of mineral oil.

[0057] The mixture is preferably provided in a transport container, typically DOT approved, such as a DOT-39 container.

[0058] The refrigerant-lubricant mixture is charged into the refrigeration system after recovery of the R-22 from the system, without special efforts to remove the mineral oil lubricant. Assuming that the residual mineral oil is 8-24% of the charge, and the mixed refrigerant includes 8% POE, the resulting mixture is about 25-50% of the total lubricant, and the resulting mixed lubricant is 16-32% of refrigerant charge. Therefore, the present technology provides a compromise amount of lubricant that is sufficient to provide a charge to a range of refrigeration systems to be retrofitted, without having to remove mineral oil already in the system, measure the amount of oil removed or infer the total amount, measure an amount of POE to be added to the system based on the actual amount of R-407C added to the system, or measuring mineral oil/POE ratios.

[0059] Therefore, the present technologies vastly simplify the process for retrofitting, while achieving good results. Indeed, preliminary tests show that the efficiency of an R-22 air conditioning system is improved after the retrofitting, a surprising result given that the system itself is optimized for R-22 and mineral oil.

[0060] The container may be, for example, a 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 96, 123 pound or larger container. The amount of lubricant may be, for example, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, 4, 8, or 10 pounds (8% lubricant). Bulk quantities may also be provided.

[0061] The amount of POE may be varied, for example, and may be about 5%, 6%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 12.5%, 15%, or the like. The precision of measurement may be, for example. .+-.0.1%, .+-.0.2%, .+-.0.25%, .+-.0.3%, .+-.0.5%, .+-.0.75%, .+-.1%, or .+-.2%. Preferably, the precision is within .+-.0.5%.

[0062] The container may be a DOT 3, 3A, 3AA, 3AL, 3B, 3BN, 3E, 4B, 4BA, 4B240ET, 4BW, 4E, 39, steel drum, for example: DOT-3AL1800; DOT 4D; DOT-3; DOT-39; DOT-3A; DOT-3A1000; DOT-3A1200; DOT-3A150; DOT-3A1800; DOT-3A2000; DOT-3A225; DOT-3A240; DOT-3A2400; DOT-3A300; DOT-3A400; DOT-3A480; DOT-3A480X; DOT-3AA; DOT-3AA1000; DOT-3AA1200; DOT-3AA150; DOT-3AA1800; DOT-3AA2000; DOT-3AA225; DOT-3AA240; DOT-3AA2400; DOT-3AA300; DOT-3AA400; DOT-3AA480; DOT-3AAX1800; DOT-3AAX2000; DOT-3AAX2200; DOT-3AAX2400; DOT-3AL; DOT-3AL1000; DOT-3AL150; DOT-3AL1800; DOT-3AL2000; DOT-3AL225; DOT-3AL240; DOT-3AL2400; DOT-3AL400; DOT-3AL480; DOT-3AX1800; DOT-3AX2000; DOT-3AX2200; DOT-3AX2400; DOT-3B; DOT-3B150; DOT-3B1800; DOT-3B225; DOT-3B240; DOT-3B300; DOT-3B400; DOT-3BN400; DOT-3BN480; DOT-3E1800; DOT-3HT; DOT-3HT2000; DOT-3T1800; DOT-3T2000; DOT-3T2200; DOT-3T2400; DOT-4A; DOT-4AA480; DOT-4B; DOT-4B150; DOT-4B150; DOT-4B225; DOT-4B240; DOT-4B240ET; DOT-4B300; DOT-4B400; DOT-4B480; DOT-4BA; DOT-4BA225; DOT-4BA240; DOT-4BA300; DOT-4BA400; DOT-4BW; DOT-4BW225; DOT-4BW240; DOT-4BW300; DOT-4BW400; DOT-4BW480; DOT-4DA; DOT-4DS; DOT-4E225; DOT-4E240; DOT-4L; DOT-AAX2400; and ICC-3E1800.

[0063] The preferred embodiment encompasses R-407C. However, the method is more generally directed to a retrofitting of systems employing a range of refrigerants that generally require mineral oil, alkane or alkylbenzene lubricants (CFC, PCC, HCC, HCFC, CFO, HCFO), with refrigerants that generally require polymeric or oxygenated lubricants, e.g., POE, PVE (HFC, PFO) (CFC=Chlorofluorocarbon, CFO=Chlorofluoroolefin, HCFC=Hydrochlorofluorocarbon, HCFO=Hydrochlorofluoroolefin, HFC=Hydrofluorocarbon, HFO=Hydrofluoroolefin, PCC=Perchlorocarbon). See Table 1, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refrigerants.

[0064] It is therefore an object to provide a transportable container for charging a refrigerant system, having a charging port, containing a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and a compatible HFC refrigerant in a predetermined proportion. The proportion may be at least 2%, 3%, or 5% by weight and less than 25%, 20%, or 15% by weight, and preferably 8% by weight.

[0065] It is another object to provide a composition for retrofitting an R-22 refrigeration system, comprising POE and R-407C. The POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.

[0066] It is a further object to provide a method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from R-22 refrigerant to R-407C refrigerant, comprising evacuating the R-22 refrigerant from the refrigeration system while maintaining at least 25% of the lubricant, wherein the lubricant is not POE, and adding a premixture of POE mixed in R-407C to charge the refrigeration system. The POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.

[0067] It is a still further object to provide a retrofit kit for an R-22 refrigeration system, comprising a DOT-approved transport container for R-407C containing a mixture of R-407C and POE, and at least one replacement seal compatible with R-407C. The POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.

[0068] It is a still further object to provide a method for retrofitting a hermetically sealed refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant compatible with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to a HFC refrigerant compatible with polyol ester lubricant, comprising: providing a transport container containing the HFC refrigerant mixed with polyol ester lubricant; withdrawing the HCFC from within the refrigeration system through a charge-discharge port, leaving at least a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant; and charging the refrigeration system from the transport container with the HFC mixed with the polyol ester lubricant. The polyol ester lubricant may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially HFC.

[0069] Another object is to provide a method for retrofitting a system from an HCFC refrigerant compatible with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to an HFC refrigerant compatible with a polyol ester lubricant, comprising: evacuating the HCFC from the system, leaving at least a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant; and charging the refrigeration system with an HFC refrigerant mixed with a polyol ester lubricant in a predetermined ratio of 5-15% by weight.

[0070] A kit is provided for retrofitting an HCFC refrigeration system having residual mineral oil lubricant, comprising: a transport container, containing an HFC refrigerant mixed polyol ester lubricant. A kit is also provided for retrofitting an R-22 refrigeration system having residual mineral oil lubricant, comprising: a U.S. Department of Transportation certified transport container; and R-407C mixed with polyol ester lubricant. The polyol ester lubricant may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight. The mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant may be a mineral oil lubricant.

[0071] The HCFC to be replaced may comprise R-22, R-401A, R-409A, R-401B, R-409B, R-402A, R-402B, R-403B, R-408A, R-502, and/or mixtures of HCFCs, for example as provided in Table 1.

[0072] The HFC may comprise R-134a, R-404A, R-407A, R-407C, R-407F, R-410A, R-417A, R-417B, R-422A, R-422B, R-422C, R-422D, R-424A, R-427A, R-428A, R-434A, R-438A, R-442A, and R-507A, or for example, other blends of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). Other HFCs or HFC blends, or HFC/HC blends, for example as provided in Table 1, may also be employed. The HFC may be a zeotropic blend.

[0073] The refrigeration system after recharging may have a concentration of about 15-32% mixed lubricant, or a concentration of about 20-25% mixed lubricant, or a concentration of about 15-25% mixed lubricant, by weight.

[0074] The transport container may be U.S. Department of Transportation compliant, e.g., DOT-39.

[0075] The metrics recited herein are intended to be interpreted according to common understanding and usage among those skilled in the art of refrigerant manufacture, distribution, and refrigeration system maintenance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0076] FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method according to the present invention.

[0077] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the refrigeration system, after an HCFC refrigerant is removed, and while an HFC refrigerant and POE lubricant is being charged.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0078] FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method according to the present invention. A refrigerant retrofit kit is provided, having within a transportable container, a mixture of a refrigerant and a compatible POE lubricant. The refrigerant is typically an HFC refrigerant. The HCFC refrigerant is evacuated from a refrigeration system to be retrofit, and a portion of the existing lubricant, which is a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant, is removed through the charge port of the refrigeration system, without disassembly of the system. A portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant remains in the refrigeration system. The refrigeration system is then charged with the mixture of the refrigerant and the compatible POE lubricant through the charge port.

[0079] As shown in the schematic representation in FIG. 2, the refrigeration system includes a compressor, condenser and evaporator, as well as a charge port. A reservoir pools liquid refrigerant, as well as lubricants found within the system. After the HCFC refrigerant is removed from the system, a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant remains in the system. During charging, the new refrigerant, typically an HFC, with a compatible POE lubricant, is drawn into the refrigeration system through the charge port, resulting in a mixed lubricant containing mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant and POE.

Example 1

[0080] A test was conducted of a residential air conditioning unit to determine the results of retrofitting an R-22 system with R-407C. In the test, the R-22 system, which was design and manufactured optimally for R-22, and used a mineral oil lubricant, was retrofitted with R-407C.

[0081] Instead of removing all of the mineral oil in the system, and replacing it with a defined amount of POE oil, which is required for R-407C, the R-22 was removed, and the residual mineral oil allowed to remain.

[0082] The evacuated system was recharged with a premixed quantity of R-407C with 8% by weight POE oil. Since R-407C is charged in the liquid phase, all of the oil, and most of the R-407C was transferred to the system from a transport container, e.g., DOT-39. The final POE concentration is estimated at 10-15% of the total oil in the system.

[0083] Prior to retrofitting, system was run for 13 hours over two days with the R-22 to collect the baseline data. The R-22 was then evacuated, and charged with R-407C to about 85% of the R-22 charge. The retrofitted refrigeration system with R-407C was then run for 91 hours.

[0084] The operating temperatures for R-22 (>86F and <86F) and R-407C (<86F) were not the same, so performance measurements are not directly comparable, but the results support a conclusion that the R-407C does not degrade system efficiency performance.

[0085] Therefore, despite the various unknowns, including the amount of mineral oil remaining in the system, migration characteristics of the mixed lubricants around the system, the impact of the various lubricant phases on compressor lubrication, the operation of the system with R-407C was improved over the R-22 implementation.

Comparative Example 1

[0086] See: www.honeywell-refrigerants.com/india/?document=guide-to-retrofitting-ac-s- ystems-from-r-22-to-r-422d-or-r-407c&download=1;

www.honeywell.com/sites/servlet/com.merx.npoint.servlets.DocumentServlet?- docid=DB0284B 88-942E-BOAS-4028-CAFB85BB40AB, which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 2

[0087] See:

www2.dupont.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/h70004_Suva407C_retro- fit_guide.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 3

[0088] See: opi.emersonclimate.com/CP1D/GRAPHICS/Types/AEB/95-14.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 4

[0089] See: www.refrigerants.com/pdf/Nat-R407Broch.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 5

[0090] See: neilorme.com/Tecumseh%20Guidelines%20R407c.shtml, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 6

[0091] See: www.bristolcompressors.com/files/1313/5464/2815/application_bulletin_124.- pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 7

[0092] See: americas.forane.com/export/sites/forane-americas/.content/medias/download- s/literature/forane-technical-digest.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

[0093] Although the present system and/or approach has been described with respect to at least one illustrative example, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification. It is therefore the intention that the appended claims be interpreted as broadly as possible in view of the related art to include all such variations and modifications.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 CAS registry ASHRAE number/Blend Type Number IUPAC Chemical Name Molecular Formula Name PCC R-10 Carbon tetrachloride CCl.sub.4 56-23-5 (Tetrachloromethane) CFC R-11 Trichlorofluoromethane CCl.sub.3F 75-69-4 CFC R-12 Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl.sub.2F.sub.2 75-71-8 H R-12B1 Bromochlorodifluoromethane CBrClF.sub.2 or CF.sub.2ClBr 353-59-3 H R-12B2 Dibromodifluoromethane CBr.sub.2F.sub.2 75-61-6 CFC R-13 Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF.sub.3 75-72-9 H R-13B1 Bromotrifluoromethane CF.sub.3Br 75-63-8 PFC R-14 Tetrafluoromethane CF.sub.4 75-73-0 HCC R-20 Chloroform (Trichloromethane) CHCl.sub.3 67-66-3 HCFC R-21 Dichlorofluoromethane CHFCl.sub.2 75-43-4 HCFC R-22 Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF.sub.2 75-45-6 H R-22B1 Bromodifluoromethane CHBrF.sub.2 or CHF.sub.2Br 1511-62-2 HFC R-23 Trifluoromethane (Fluoroform) CHF.sub.3 75-46-7 HCC R-30 Dichloromethane (Methylene CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 75-09-2 chloride) HCFC R-31 Chlorofluoromethane CH.sub.2FCl 593-70-4 HFC R-32 Difluoromethane CH.sub.2F.sub.2 75-10-5 HCC R-40 Chloromethane CH.sub.3Cl 74-87-3 HFC R-41 Fluoromethane CH.sub.3F 593-53-3 HC R-50 Methane CH.sub.4 74-82-8 PCC R-110 Hexachloroethane C.sub.2Cl.sub.6 67-72-1 CFC R-111 Pentachlorofluoroethane C.sub.2FCl.sub.5 354-56-3 CFC R-112 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2- C.sub.2F.sub.2Cl.sub.4 76-12-0 difluoroethane CFC R-112a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2- C.sub.2F.sub.2Cl.sub.4 76-11-9 difluoroethane CFC R-113 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane C.sub.2F.sub.3Cl.sub.3 76-13-1 CFC R-113a 1,1,1-Trichlorotrifluoroethane C.sub.2F.sub.3Cl.sub.3 354-58-5 CFC R-114 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 76-14-2 CFC R-114a 1,1-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 374-07-2 H R-114B2 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane C.sub.2F.sub.4Br.sub.2 124-73-2 CFC R-115 Chloropentafluoroethane C.sub.2F.sub.5Cl 76-15-3 PFC R-116 Hexafluoroethane C.sub.2F.sub.6 76-16-4 HCC R-120 Pentachloroethane C.sub.2HCl.sub.5 76-01-7 HCFC R-121 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1-fluoroethane C.sub.2HFCl.sub.4 354-14-3 HCFC R-121a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2-fluoroethane C.sub.2HFCl.sub.4 354-11-0 HCFC R-122 1,1,2-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C.sub.2HF.sub.2Cl.sub.3 354-21-2 HCFC R-122a 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C.sub.2HF.sub.2Cl.sub.3 354-15-4 HCFC R-122b 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C.sub.2HF.sub.2Cl.sub.3 354-12-1 HCFC R-123 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane C.sub.2HF.sub.3Cl.sub.2 306-83-2 HCFC R-123a 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane C.sub.2HF.sub.3Cl.sub.2 354-23-4 HCFC R-123b 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane C.sub.2HF.sub.3Cl.sub.2 812-04-4 HCFC R-124 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane C.sub.2HF.sub.4Cl 2837-89-0 HCFC R-124a 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane C.sub.2HF.sub.4Cl 354-25-6 HFC R-125 Pentafluoroethane C.sub.2HF.sub.5 354-33-6 HFC R-E125 Pentafluorodimethyl ether C.sub.2HF.sub.5O 3822-68-2 HCC R-130 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2Cl.sub.4 79-34-5 HCC R-130a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2Cl.sub.4 630-20-6 HCFC R-131 1,1,2-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2FCl.sub.3 359-28-4 HCFC R-131a 1,1,2-Trichloro-1-fluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2FCl.sub.3 811-95-0 HCFC R-131b 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2FCl.sub.3 2366-36-1 HCFC R-132 Dichlorodifluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.2Cl.sub.2 25915-78-0 HCFC R-132a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.2Cl.sub.2 471-43-2 HCFC R-132b 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.2Cl.sub.2 1649-08-7 HCFC R-132c 1,1-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.2Cl.sub.2 1842-05-3 H R-132bB2 1,2-Dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2Br.sub.2F.sub.2 75-82-1 HCFC R-133 1-Chloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.3Cl 431-07-2 HCFC R-133a 1-Chloro-2,2,2-Trifluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.3Cl 75-88-7 HCFC R-133b 1-Chloro-1,1,2-Trifluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.3Cl 421-04-5 HFC R-134 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 359-35-3 HFC R-134a 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 811-97-2 HFC R-E134 Bis(difluoromethyl)ether C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4O 1691-17-4 HCC R-140 1,1,2-Trichloroethane C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl.sub.3 79-00-5 HCC R-140a 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methyl C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl.sub.3 or CH.sub.3CCl.sub.3 71-55-6 chloroform) HCFC R-141 1,2-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.3FCl.sub.2 430-57-9 H R-141B2 1,2-Dibromo-1-fluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.3Br.sub.2F 358-97-4 HCFC R-141a 1,1-Dichloro-2-fluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.3FCl.sub.2 430-53-5 HCFC R-141b 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.3FCl.sub.2 1717-00-6 HCFC R-142 Chlorodifluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl 25497-29-4 HCFC R-142a 1-Chloro-1,2-difluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl 25497-29-4 HCFC R-142b 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl 75-68-3 HFC R-143 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.3 430-66-0 HFC R-143a 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.3 420-46-2 HFC R-143m Methyl trifluoromethyl ether C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.3O 421-14-7 HFC R-E143a 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl methyl ether C.sub.3H.sub.5F.sub.3O 460-43-5 HCC R-150 1,2-Dichloroethane C.sub.2H.sub.4Cl.sub.2 107-06-2 HCC R-150a 1,1-Dichloroethane C.sub.2H.sub.4Cl.sub.2 75-34-3 HCFC R-151 Chlorofluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.4ClF 110587-14-9 HCFC R-151a 1-Chloro-1-fluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.4ClF 1615-75-4 HFC R-152 1,2-Difluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 624-72-6 HFC R-152a 1,1-Difluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 75-37-6 HCC R-160 Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) C.sub.2H.sub.5Cl 75-00-3 HFC R-161 Fluoroethane C.sub.2H.sub.5F 353-36-6 HC R-170 Ethane C.sub.2H.sub.6 or CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 74-84-0 HC R-E170 Dimethyl ether CH.sub.3OCH.sub.3 115-10-6 CFC R-211 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptachloro-3- C.sub.3FCl.sub.7 422-78-6 fluoropropane CFC R-212 Hexachlorodifluoropropane C.sub.3F.sub.2Cl.sub.6 76546-99-3 CFC R-213 1,1,1,3,3-Pentachloro-2,2,3- C.sub.3F.sub.3Cl.sub.5 2354-06-5 trifluoropropane CFC R-214 1,2,2,3-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3- C.sub.3F.sub.4Cl.sub.4 2268-46-4 tetrafluoropropane CFC R-215 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3,3,3- C.sub.3F.sub.5Cl.sub.3 4259-43-2 pentafluoropropane CFC R-216 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3,3- C.sub.3F.sub.6Cl.sub.2 661-97-2 hexafluoropropane CFC R-216ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3,3- C.sub.3F.sub.6Cl.sub.2 662-01-1 hexafluoropropane CFC R-217 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,3- C.sub.3F.sub.7Cl 422-86-6 heptafluoropropane CFC R-217ba 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3- C.sub.3F.sub.7Cl 76-18-6 heptafluoropropane PFC R-218 Octafluoropropane C.sub.3F.sub.8 76-19-7 HCFC R-221 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexachloro-3- C.sub.3HFCl.sub.6 422-26-4 fluoropropane HCFC R-222 Pentachlorodifluoropropane C.sub.3HF.sub.2Cl.sub.5 134237-36-8 HCFC R-222c 1,1,1,3,3-Pentachloro-2,2- C.sub.3HF.sub.2Cl.sub.5 422-49-1 difluoropropane HCFC R-223 Tetrachlorotrifluoropropane C.sub.3HF.sub.3Cl.sub.4 134237-37-9 HCFC R-223ca 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-1,2,2- C.sub.3HF.sub.3Cl.sub.4 422-52-6 trifluoropropane HCFC R-223cb 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloro-2,2,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.3Cl.sub.4 422-50-4 trifluoropropane HCFC R-224 Trichlorotetrafluoropropane C.sub.3HF.sub.4Cl.sub.3 134237-38-0 HCFC R-224ca 1,3,3-Trichloro-1,1,2,2- C.sub.3HF.sub.4Cl.sub.3 422-54-8 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-224cb 1,1,3-Trichloro-1,2,2,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.4Cl.sub.3 422-53-7 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-224cc 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.4Cl.sub.3 422-51-5 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-225 Dichloropentafluoropropane C.sub.3HF.sub.5Cl.sub.2 127564-92-5 HCFC R-225aa 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.5Cl.sub.2 128903-21-9 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225ba 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.5Cl.sub.2 422-48-0 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225bb 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.5Cl.sub.2 422-44-6 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225ca 3,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,2- C.sub.3HF.sub.5Cl.sub.2 422-56-0 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225cb 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.5Cl.sub.2 507-55-1 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225cc 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.5Cl.sub.2 13474-88-9 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225da 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,3,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.5Cl.sub.2 431-86-7 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225ea 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.5Cl.sub.2 136013-79-1 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225eb 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,3,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.5Cl.sub.2 111512-56-2 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-226 Chlorohexafluoropropane C.sub.3HF.sub.6Cl 134308-72-8 HCFC R-226ba 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.6Cl 51346-64-6 hexafluoropropane HCFC R-226ca 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2,2,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.6Cl 422-57-1 hexafluoropropane HCFC R-226cb 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.6Cl 422-55-9 hexafluoropropane HCFC R-226da 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.6Cl 431-87-8 hexafluoropropane HCFC R-226ea 1-Chloro-1,1,2,3,3,3- C.sub.3HF.sub.6Cl 359-58-0 hexafluoropropane HFC R-227ca 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane C.sub.3HF.sub.7 2252-84-8 HFC R-227ca2 Trifluoromethyl 1,1,2,2- C.sub.3HF.sub.7O 2356-61-8 tetrafluoroethyl ether HFC R-227ea 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane C.sub.3HF.sub.7 431-89-0 HFC R-227me Trifluoromethyl 1,2,2,2- C.sub.3HF.sub.7O 2356-62-9 tetrafluoroethyl ether HCFC R-231 Pentachlorofluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.2FCl.sub.5 134190-48-0 HCFC R-232 Tetrachlorodifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.2Cl.sub.4 134237-39-1 HCFC R-232ca 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-2,2- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.2Cl.sub.4 1112-14-7 difluoropropane HCFC R-232cb 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloro-2,2- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.2Cl.sub.4 677-54-3 difluoropropane HCFC R-233 Trichlorotrifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.3Cl.sub.3 134237-40-4 HCFC R-233ca 1,1,3-Trichloro-2,2,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.3Cl.sub.3 131221-36-8 trifluoropropane HCFC R-233cb 1,1,3-Trichloro-1,2,2- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.3Cl.sub.3 421-99-8 trifluoropropane HCFC R-233cc 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.3Cl.sub.3 131211-71-7 trifluoropropane HCFC R-234 Dichlorotetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 127564-83-4 HCFC R-234aa 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,3,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 17705-30-5 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234ab 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 149329-24-8 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234ba 1,2-Dichloro-1,2,3,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 425-94-5 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234bb 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 149329-25-9 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234bc 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 149329-26-0 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,2,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 70341-81-0 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,3,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 4071-01-6 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234cc 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 422-00-5 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234cd 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 70192-63-1 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234da 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 146916-90-7 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234fa 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,3,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 76140-39-1 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234fb 1,1-Dichloro-1,3,3,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 64712-27-2 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-235 Chloropentafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.5Cl 134237-41-5 HCFC R-235ca 1-Chloro-1,2,2,3,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.5Cl 28103-66-4 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-235cb 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.5Cl 422-02-6 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-235cc 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.5Cl 679-99-2 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-235da 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.5Cl 134251-06-2

pentafluoropropane HCFC R-235fa 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3,3- C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.5Cl 677-55-4 pentafluoropropane HFC R-236cb 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.6 677-56-5 HFC R-236ea 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.6 431-63-0 HFC R-236fa 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.6 690-39-1 HFC R-236me 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.6O 57041-67-5 difluoromethyl ether HFC R-FE-36 Hexafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.6 359-58-0 HCFC R-241 Tetrachlorofluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3FCl.sub.4 134190-49-1 HCFC R-242 Trichlorodifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl.sub.3 134237-42-6 HCFC R-243 Dichlorotrifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.3Cl.sub.2 134237-43-7 HCFC R-243ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.3Cl.sub.2 67406-68-2 HCFC R-243cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.3Cl.sub.2 70192-70-0 HCFC R-243cc 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.3Cl.sub.2 7125-99-7 HCFC R-243da 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.3Cl.sub.2 338-75-0 HCFC R-243ea 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.3Cl.sub.2 151771-08-3 HCFC R-243ec 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.3Cl.sub.2 149329-27-1 HCFC R-244 Chlorotetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl 134190-50-4 HCFC R-244ba 2-Chloro-1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl HCFC R-244bb 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl 421-73-8 HCFC R-244ca 3-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl 679-85-6 HCFC R-244cb 1-Chloro-1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl 67406-66-0 HCFC R-244cc 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl 421-75-0 HCFC R-244da 2-Chloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl 19041-02-2 HCFC R-244db 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl 117970-90-8 HCFC R-244ea 3-Chloro-1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl HCFC R-244eb 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl HCFC R-244ec 1-Chloro-1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl HCFC R-244fa 3-Chloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl HCFC R-244fb 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.4Cl 2730-64-5 HFC R-245ca 1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.5 679-86-7 HFC R-245cb Pentafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.5 1814-88-6 HFC R-245ea 1,1,2,3,3-Pentafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.5 24270-66-4 HFC R-245eb 1,1,1,2,3-Pentafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.5 431-31-2 HFC R-245fa 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.5 460-73-1 HFC R-245mc Methyl pentafluoroethyl ether C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.5O 22410-44-2 HFC R-245mf Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.5O 1885-48-9 ether HFC R-245qc Difluoromethyl 1,1,2-trifluoroethyl C.sub.3H.sub.3F.sub.5O 69948-24-9 ether HCFC R-251 Trichlorofluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4FCl.sub.3 134190-51-5 HCFC R-252 Dichlorodifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.2Cl.sub.2 134190-52-6 HCFC R-252ca 1,3-Dichloro-2,2-difluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.2Cl.sub.2 1112-36-3 HCFC R-252cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.2Cl.sub.2 1112-01-2 HCFC R-252dc 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.2Cl.sub.2 HCFC R-252ec 1,1-Dichloro-1,2-difluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.2Cl.sub.2 HCFC R-253 Chlorotrifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl 134237-44-8 HCFC R-253ba 2-Chloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl HCFC R-253bb 2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl HCFC R-253ca 1-Chloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl 56758-54-4 HCFC R-253cb 1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl 70192-76-6 HCFC R-253ea 3-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl HCFC R-253eb 1-Chloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl HCFC R-253ec 1-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl HCFC R-253fa 3-Chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl HCFC R-253fb 3-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl 460-35-5 HCFC R-253fc 1-Chloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.3Cl HFC R-254cb 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.4 40723-63-5 HFC R-254pc Methyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl C.sub.3H.sub.4F.sub.4O 425-88-7 ether HCFC R-261 Dichlorofluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.5FCl.sub.2 134237-45-9 HCFC R-261ba 1,2-Dichloro-2-fluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.5FCl.sub.2 420-97-3 HCFC R-262 Chlorodifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.5F.sub.2Cl 134190-53-7 HCFC R-262ca 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.5F.sub.2Cl 420-99-5 HCFC R-262fa 3-Chloro-1,1-difluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.5F.sub.2Cl HCFC R-262fb 1-Chloro-1,3-difluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.5F.sub.2Cl HFC R-263 Trifluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.5F.sub.3 HCFC R-271 Chlorofluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.6FCl 134190-54-8 HCFC R-271b 2-Chloro-2-fluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.6FCl 420-44-0 HCFC R-271d 2-Chloro-1-fluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.6FCl HCFC R-271fb 1-Chloro-1-fluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.6FCl HFC R-272 Difluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.6F.sub.2 HFC R-281 Fluoropropane C.sub.3H.sub.7F HC R-290 Propane C.sub.3H.sub.8 or CH.sub.3CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 74-98-6 CFC R-C316 Dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane C.sub.4Cl.sub.2F.sub.6 356-18-3 CFC R-C317 Chloroheptafluorocyclobutane C.sub.4ClF.sub.7 377-41-3 PFC R-C318 Octafluorocyclobutane C.sub.4F.sub.8 or --(CF.sub.2).sub.4-- 115-25-3 (Perfluorocyclobutane) PFC R-3-1-10 Decafluorobutane (Perfluorobutane) C.sub.4F.sub.10 355-25-9 HFC R-329ccb 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Nonafluorobutane C.sub.4HF.sub.9 375-17-7 HFC R-338eea 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,4-Octafluorobutane C.sub.4H.sub.2F.sub.8 75995-72-1 HFC R-347ccd 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluorobutane C.sub.4H.sub.3F.sub.7 662-00-0 HFC R-347mcc Perfluoropropyl methyl ether C.sub.4H.sub.3F.sub.7O 375-03-1 HFC R-347mmy Perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether C.sub.4H.sub.3F.sub.7O 22052-84-2 HFC R-365mfc 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluorobutane C.sub.4H.sub.5F.sub.5 406-58-6 PFC R-4-1-12 Dodecafluoropentane C.sub.5F.sub.12 678-26-2 (Perfluoropentane) PFC R-5-1-14 Tetradecafluorohexane C.sub.6F.sub.14 355-42-0 (Perfluorohexane) CFC R-400 R-12/114(50/50 wt %) OR 50% CCl.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.50% C.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 OR (60/40)(must be specified) 60% CCl.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.40% C.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 HCFC R-401A R-22/152a/124 53 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.13 + MP-39.sup.[6][19] (53 .+-. 2/13 + .5, -1.5/34 .+-. 1) .5, -1.5% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2.cndot.34 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.4Cl HCFC R-401B R-22/152a/124 61 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.11 + MP-66.sup.[6][19] (61 .+-. 2/11 + .5, -1.5/28 .+-. 1) .5, -1.5% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2.cndot.28 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.4Cl HCFC R-401C R-22/152a/124 33 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.15 + MP-52.sup.[19] (33 .+-. 2/15 + .5, -1.5/52 .+-. 1) .5, -1.5% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2.cndot.52 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.4Cl HCFC R-402A R-125/290/22 60 .+-. 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.2 .+-. HP-80.sup.[6][19] (60 .+-. 2/2 .+-. 1/38 .+-. 2) 1% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.38 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2 HCFC R-402B R-125/290/22 38 .+-. 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.2 .+-. HP-81.sup.[6][19] (38 .+-. 2/2 .+-. 1/60 .+-. 2) 1% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.60 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2 HCFC R-403A R-290/22/218 5 + .2, -2% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.75 .+-. ISCEON 69-S.sup.[6] (5 + .2, -2/75 .+-. 2/20 .+-. 0) 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.20 .+-. 0% C.sub.3F.sub.8 HCFC R-403B R-290/22/218 5 + .2, -2% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.56 .+-. ISCEON 69-L.sup.[6] (5 + .2, -2/56 .+-. 2/39 .+-. 0) 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.39 .+-. 0% C.sub.3F.sub.8 HFC R-404A R-125/143a/134a 44 .+-. 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.52 .+-. HP-62,.sup.[6][19] FX- (44 .+-. 2/52 .+-. 1/4 .+-. 2) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.3.cndot.4 .+-. 2% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 70.sup.[6][19] HCFC R-405A R-22/152a/142b/C318 45 .+-. 0% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.7 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2.cndot.5.5 .+-. GREENCOOL (45 .+-. 0/7 .+-. 1/5.5 .+-. 1/42.5 .+-. 2) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl.cndot.42.5 .+-. 2% C.sub.4F.sub.8 G2015.sup.[6] HCFC R-406A R-22/600a/142b 55 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.4 .+-. GHG.sup.[6][19] (55 .+-. 2/4 .+-. 1/41 .+-. 0) 1% C.sub.4H.sub.10.cndot.41 .+-. 0% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl HCFC R-406B R-22/600a/142b 65 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.4 .+-. GHG-HP.sup.[6] (65 .+-. 2/4 .+-. 1/31 .+-. 0) 1% C.sub.4H.sub.10.cndot.31 .+-. 0% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl HFC R-407A R-32/125/134a 20 .+-. 2% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.40 .+-. Klea 60.sup.[6][19] (20 .+-. 2/40 .+-. 2/40 .+-. 2) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.40 .+-. 2% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 HFC R-407B R-32/125/134a 10 .+-. 2% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.70 .+-. Klea 61.sup.[6] (10 .+-. 2/70 .+-. 2/20 .+-. 2) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.20 .+-. 2% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 HFC R-407C R-32/125/134a 23 .+-. 2% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.25 .+-. Klea 66,.sup.[6] (23 .+-. 2/25 .+-. 2/52 .+-. 2) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.52 .+-. 2% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 AC9000.sup.[19] HFC R-407D R-32/125/134a 15 .+-. 2% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.15 .+-. (15 .+-. 2/15 .+-. 2/70 .+-. 2) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.70 .+-. 2% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 HFC R-407E R-32/125/134a 25 .+-. 2% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.15 .+-. (25 .+-. 2/15 .+-. 2/60 .+-. 2) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.60 .+-. 2% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 HFC R-407F R-32/125/134a 30 .+-. 2% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.30 .+-. Genetron (30 .+-. 2/30 .+-. 2/40 .+-. 2) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.40 .+-. 2% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 Performax LT.sup.[9] HCFC R-408A R-125/143a/22 7 .+-. 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.46 .+-. FX-10.sup.[6][19] (7 .+-. 2/46 .+-. 1/47 .+-. 2) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.3.cndot.47 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2 HCFC R-409A R-22/124/142b 60 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.25 .+-. FX-56.sup.[6][19] (60 .+-. 2/25 .+-. 2/15 .+-. 1) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.4Cl.cndot.15 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl HCFC R-409B R-22/124/142b 65 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.25 .+-. FX-57.sup.[6] (65 .+-. 2/25 .+-. 2/10 .+-. 1) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.4Cl.cndot.10 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl HFC R-410A R-32/125 50 + .5, -1.5% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.50 + AZ-20,.sup.[6] Puron,.sup.[6] (50 + .5, -1.5/50 + 1.5, -.5) 1.5, -.5% C.sub.2HF.sub.5 Suva 9100.sup.[6] HFC R-410B R-32/125 45 .+-. 1% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.55 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5 AC9100.sup.[19] (45 .+-. 1/55 .+-. 1) HCFO R-411A R-1270/22/152a 1.5 + 0, -1% C.sub.3H.sub.6.cndot.87.5 + GREENCOOL (1.5 + 0, -1/87.5 + 2, -0/11 + 0, -1) 2, -0% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.11 + 0, -1% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 G2018a.sup.[6] HCFO R-411B R-1270/22/152a 3 + 0, -1% C.sub.3H.sub.6.cndot.94 + GREENCOOL (3 + 0, -1/94 + 2, -0/3 + 0, -1) 2, -0% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.3 + 0, -1% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 G2018b.sup.[6] HCFO R-411C R-1270/22/152a 3 + 0, -1% C.sub.3H.sub.6.cndot.95.5 + GREENCOOL (3 + 0, -1/95.5 + 2, -0/1.5 + 0, -1) 2, -0% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.1.5 + 0, -1% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 G2018c.sup.[6] HCFC R-412A R-22/218/142b 70 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.5 .+-. Arcton TP5R.sup.[6] (70 .+-. 2/5 .+-. 2/25 .+-. 1) 2% C.sub.3F.sub.8.cndot.25 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl HFC R-413A R-218/134a/600a 9 .+-. 1% C.sub.3F.sub.8.cndot.88 .+-. ISCEON 49.sup.[6] (9 .+-. 1/88 .+-. 2/3 + 0, -1) 2% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.3 + 0, -1% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HCFC R-414A R-22/124/600a/142b 51 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.28.5 .+-. GHG-X4,.sup.[6] (51 .+-. 2/28.5 .+-. 2/4 .+-. .5/16.5 + .5, -1) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.4Cl.cndot.4 .+-. .5% C.sub.4H.sub.10.cndot.16.5 + Autofrost,.sup.[6] Chill- .5, -1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl It.sup.[6] HCFC R-414B R-22/124/600a/142b 50 .+-. 2% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.39 .+-. Hot Shot,.sup.[6][19] Kar (50 .+-. 2/39 .+-. 2/1.5 .+-. .5/9.5 + .5, -1) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.4Cl.cndot.1.5 .+-. .5% C.sub.4H.sub.10.cndot.9.5 + Kool.sup.[6] .5, -1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl HCFC R-415A R-22/152a (82 .+-. 1/18 .+-. 1) 82 .+-. 1% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.18 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 HCFC R-415B R-22/152a (25 .+-. 1/75 .+-. 1) 25 .+-. 1% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.75 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 HCFC R-416A R-134a/124/600 59 + .5, -1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.39.5 + FRIGC (FR-12).sup.[6] (59 + .5, -1/39.5 + 1, -.5/1.5 + 1 , -.2) 1, -.5% C.sub.2HF.sub.4Cl.cndot.1.5 + .1, -.2% C.sub.4H.sub.10

HFC R-417A R-125/134a/600 46.6 .+-. 1.1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.50 .+-. ISCEON 59,.sup.[6] (46.6 .+-. 1.1/50 .+-. 1/3.4 + .1, -.4) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.3.4 + .1, -.4% C.sub.4H.sub.10 NU-22.sup.[6] HFC R-417B R-125/134a/600 79 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.18.3 .+-. (79 .+-. 1/18.3 .+-. 1/2.7 + .1, -.5) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.2.7 + 1, -.5% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HCFC R-418A R-290/22/152a 1.5 .+-. .5% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.96 .+-. (1.5 .+-. .5/96 .+-. 1/2.5 .+-. .5) 1% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.2.5 .+-. .5% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 HFC R-419A R-125/134a/E170 77 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.19 .+-. (77 .+-. 1/19 .+-. 1/4 .+-. 1) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.4 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.6O HCFC R-420A R-134a/142b 88 + 1, -0% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.12 + Choice (88 + 1, -0/12 + 0, -1) 0, -1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.2Cl Refrigerant.sup.[19] HFC R-421A R-125/134a (58 .+-. 1/42 .+-. 1) 58 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.42 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 Choice R421 A.sup.[19] HFC R-421B R-125/134a (85 .+-. 1/15 .+-. 1) 85 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.15 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 Choice 421B.sup.[19] HFC R-422A R-125/134a/600a 85.1 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.11.5 .+-. ISCEON 79.sup.[19] (85.1 .+-. 1/11.5 .+-. 1/3.4 + .1, -.4) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.3.4 + .1, -.4% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HFC R-422B R-125/134a/600a 55 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.42 .+-. ICOR XAC1.sup.[19] (55 .+-. 1 /42 .+-. 1/3 + .1, -.5) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.3 + .1, -.5% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HFC R-422C R-125/134a/600a 82 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.15 .+-. ICOR XLT1.sup.[19] (82 .+-. 1/15 .+-. 1/3 + .1, -.5) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.3 + .1, -.5% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HFC R-422D R-125/134a/600a 65.1 + .9, -1.1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.31.5 .+-. ISCEON MO29.sup.[19] (65.1 + .9, -1.1/31.5 .+-. 1/3.4 + .1, -.4) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.3.4 + .1, -.4% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HFC R-423A R-134a/227ea (52.5 .+-. 1/47.5 .+-. 1) 52.5 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.47.5 .+-. 1% C.sub.3HF.sub.7 HFC R-424A R-125/134a/600a/600/601a 50.5 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.47 .+-. RS-44 (new (50.5 .+-. 1/47 .+-. 1/.9 + .1, -.2/ 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.1.9 + .3, -.1% C.sub.4H.sub.10.cndot..6 + comp.).sup.[19] 1 + .1, + .2/.6 + .1, -.2) .1, -.2% C.sub.5H.sub.12 HFC R-425A R-32/134a/227ea 18.5 .+-. .5% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.69.5 .+-. (18.5 .+-. .5/69.5 .+-. .5/12 .+-. .5) .5% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.12 .+-. .5% C.sub.3HF.sub.7 HFC R-426A R-125/134a/600/601a 5.1 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.93 .+-. RS-24 (new (5.1 .+-. 1/93 .+-. 1/1.3 + .1, -.2/.6 + .1, -.2) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.1.3 + .1, -.2% C.sub.4H.sub.10.cndot..6 + comp.).sup.[19] .1, -.2% C.sub.5H.sub.12 HFC R-427A R-32/125/143a/134a 15 .+-. 2% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.25 .+-. Forane 427A.sup.[19] (15 .+-. 2/25 .+-. 2/10 .+-. 2/50 .+-. 2) 2% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.10 .+-. 2% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.3.cndot.50 .+-. 2% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4 HFC R-428A R-125/143a/290/600a 77.5 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.20 .+-. RS-52.sup.[19] (77.5 .+-. 1/20 .+-. 1/.6 + .1, -.2/1.9 + .1, -.2) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.3.cndot..6 + .1, -.2% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.1.9 + .1, -.2% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HFC R-429A R-E170/152a/600a 60 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.6O.cndot.10 .+-. (60 .+-. 1/10 .+-. 1/30 .+-. 1) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2.cndot.30 .+-. 1% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HFC R-430A R-152a/600a (76 .+-. 1/24 .+-. 1) 76 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2.cndot.24 .+-. 1% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HFC R-431A R-290/152a (71 .+-. 1/29 .+-. 1) 71 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.29 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 HO R-432A R-1270/E170 (80 .+-. 1/20 .+-. 1) 80 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.6.cndot.20 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.6O HO R-433A R-1270/290 (30 .+-. 1/70 .+-. 1) 30 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.6.cndot.70 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.8 HO R-433B R-1270/290 (5 .+-. 1/95 .+-. 1) 5 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.6.cndot.95 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.8 HO R-433C R-1270/290 (25 .+-. 1/75 .+-. 1) 25 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.6.cndot.75 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.8 HFC R-434A R-125/143a/134a/600a 63.2 .+-. 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.18 .+-. RS-45.sup.[19] (63.2 .+-. 1/18 .+-. 1/16 .+-. 1/2.8 + .1, -.2) 1% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.3.cndot.16 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.2.8 + .1, -.2% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HFC R-435A R-E170/152a (80 .+-. 1/20 .+-. 1) 80 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.6O.cndot.20 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 HC R-436A R-290/600a (56 .+-. 1/44 .+-. 1) 56 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.44 .+-. 1% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HC R-436B R-290/600a (52 .+-. 1/48 .+-. 1) 52 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.48 .+-. 1% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HFC R-437A R-125/134a/600/601 19.5 + .5, -1.8% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.78.5 + (19.5 + .5, -1.8/78.5 + 1.5, -.7/ 1.5, -.7% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.1.4 + 1.4 + .1, -.2/.6 + .1, -.2) .1, -.2% C.sub.4H.sub.10.cndot..6 + .1, -.2% C.sub.5H.sub.12 HFC R-438A R-32/125/134a/600/601a 8.5 + .5, -1.5% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.45 .+-. KDD5,.sup.[19] (8.5 + .5, -1.5/45 .+-. 1.5/44.2 .+-. 1.5% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.44.2 .+-. 1.5% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.1.7 + ISCEON MO99.sup.[19] 1.5/1.7 + .1, -.2/.6 + .1, -.2) .1, -.2% C.sub.4H.sub.10.cndot..6 + .1, -.2% C.sub.5H.sub.12 HFC R-439A R-32/125/600a 50 .+-. 1% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.47 .+-. (50 .+-. 1/47 .+-. 1/3 .+-. .5) 1% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.3 .+-. .5% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HFC R-440A R-290/134a/152a .6 .+-. .1% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.1.6 .+-. (.6 .+-. .1/1.6 .+-. .6/97.8 .+-. .5) .6% C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.4.cndot.97.8 .+-. .5% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 HC R-441A R-170/290/600a/600 3.1 .+-. .3% C.sub.2H.sub.6.cndot.54.8 .+-. HCR-188C.sup.[19] (3.1 .+-. .3/54.8 .+-. 2/6 .+-. .6/36.1 .+-. 2) 2% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.42.1 .+-. 2.6% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HCFC R-500 R-12/152a (73.8/26.2) 73.8% CCl.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.26.2% C.sub.2H.sub.4F.sub.2 Carrene #7.sup.[6] HCFC R-501 R-22/12 (75/25) 75% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.25% CCl.sub.2F.sub.2 HCFC R-502 R-22/115 (48.8/51.2) 48.8% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.51.2% C.sub.2F.sub.5Cl HCFC R-503 R-23/13 (40.1/59.9) 40.1% CHF.sub.3.cndot.59.9% CClF.sub.3 HCFC R-504 R-32/115 (48.2/51.8) 48.2% CH.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.51.8% C.sub.2F.sub.5Cl HCFC R-505 R-12/31 (78/22) 78% CCl.sub.2F.sub.2.cndot.22% CH.sub.2FCl HCFC R-506 R-31/114 (55.1/44.9) 55.1% CH.sub.2FCl.cndot.44.9% C.sub.2F.sub.4Cl.sub.2 HFC R-507[A] R-125/143a (50/50) 50% C.sub.2HF.sub.5.cndot.50% C.sub.2H.sub.3F.sub.3 AZ-50.sup.[6][19] HFC R-508[A] R-23/116 (39/61) 39% CHF.sub.3.cndot.61% C.sub.2F.sub.6 Klea 5R3.sup.[6][19] HFC R-508B R-23/116 (46/54) 46% CHF.sub.3.cndot.54% C.sub.2F.sub.6 Suva 95.sup.[6][19] HCFC R-509[A] R-22/218 (44/56) 44% CHClF.sub.2.cndot.56% C.sub.3F.sub.8 Arcton TP5R2.sup.[6] HC R-510[A] R-E170/600a (88 .+-. .5/12 .+-. .5) 88 .+-. .5% C.sub.2H.sub.6O.cndot.12 .+-. .5% C.sub.4H.sub.10 HC R-511[A] R-290/E170 (95 .+-. 1/5 .+-. 1) 95 .+-. 1% C.sub.3H.sub.8.cndot.5 .+-. 1% C.sub.2H.sub.6O HC R-600 Butane C.sub.4H.sub.10 or CH.sub.3CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 106-97-8 HC R-600a Isobutane C.sub.4H.sub.10 or CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.3 75-28-5 HC R-601 Pentane C.sub.5H.sub.12 or CH.sub.3CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 109-66-0 HC R-601a Isopentane C.sub.5H.sub.12 or (CH.sub.3).sub.2CHCH.sub.2CH.sub.3 78-78-4 HC R-610 Ethoxyethane (Diethyl ether) CH.sub.3CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.3 60-29-7 HC R-611 Methyl formate HCOOCH.sub.3 107-31-3 R-630 Methylamine CH.sub.3NH.sub.2 74-89-5 R-631 Ethylamine CH.sub.3CH.sub.2(NH.sub.2) 75-04-7 R-702 Hydrogen H.sub.2 1333-74-0 R-704 Helium He 7440-59-7 R-717 Ammonia NH.sub.3 7664-41-7 R-718 Water/Steam H.sub.2O 7732-18-5 R-720 Neon Ne 7440-01-9 R-728 Nitrogen N.sub.2 7727-37-9 R-729 Air N.sub.2/O.sub.2/Ar 78.082% N.sub.2.cndot.20.945% O.sub.2.cndot..934% Ar (78.082/20.945/.934 vol %) R-732 Oxygen O.sub.2 7782-44-7 R-740 Argon Ar 7440-37-1 R-744 Carbon dioxide CO.sub.2 124-38-9 R-744A Nitrous oxide N.sub.2O 10024-97-2 R-764 Sulfur dioxide SO.sub.2 7446-09-5 R-784 Krypton Kr 7439-90-9 CFO R-1112a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene C.sub.2Cl.sub.2F.sub.2 79-35-6 CFO R-1113 Chlorotrifluoroethylene C.sub.2ClF.sub.3 79-38-9 PFO R-1114 Tetrafluoroethylene C.sub.2F.sub.4 116-14-3 HCO R-1120 Trichloroethylene (trielene) C.sub.2HCl.sub.3 79-01-6 HCO R-1130 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene C.sub.2H.sub.2Cl.sub.2 156-59-2 HFO R-1132a 1,1-Difluoroethylene C.sub.2H.sub.2F.sub.2 75-38-7 HCO R-1140 Chloroethylene (vinyl chloride) C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl 75-01-4 HFO R-1141 Fluoroethylene (vinyl fluoride) C.sub.2H.sub.3F 75-02-5 HO R-1150 Ethene (Ethylene) CH.sub.2.dbd.CH.sub.2 74-85-1 PFO R-1216 Hexafluoropropylene C.sub.3F.sub.6 116-15-4 PFO R-1218 Hexafluoropropene trimer (C.sub.3F.sub.6).sub.3 6792-31-0 HCFO R-1233zd 1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene C.sub.3H.sub.2ClF.sub.3 2730-43-0 HFO R-1234yf 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4 754-12-1 HFO R-1234ze 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene C.sub.3H.sub.2F.sub.4 1645-83-6 HO R-1270 Propene (Propylene) C.sub.3H.sub.6 or CH.sub.3CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 115-07-1 [1] Composition of Refrigerant Blends, www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/refrigerants/refblend.html [2] Andy's HVAC/R Web Page, users.isp.com/aschoen/refchart.pdf Type Meaning Atoms in the Molecule CFC Chlorofluorocarbon Cl, F, C CFO Chlorofluoroolefin HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon H, Cl, F, C HCFO Hydrochlorofluoroolefin HFC Hydrofluorocarbon H, F, C HFO Hydrofluoroolefin HCC Hydrochlorocarbon H, Cl, C HCO Hydrochloroolefin HC Hydrocarbon H, C HO Hydroolefin (Alkene) PFC Perfluorocarbon F, C PFO Perfluoroolefin PCC Perchlorocarbon Cl, C PCO Perchloroolefin H Halon/Haloalkane Br, Cl (in some but not all), F, H (in some but not all), C

Claims

1. A method of retrofitting a refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant and a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to a refrigerant consisting essentially of an HFC, comprising: removing the HCFC refrigerant while retaining the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant in the refrigeration system; and charging the refrigeration system with a mixture consisting essentially of the HFC and a polyol ester lubricant in an amount of between 5% and 20% by weight of the HFC, substantially independent of an amount of mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant remaining in the refrigeration system.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC and the polyol ester lubricant in an amount of between 5% and 20% by weight of the HFC are premixed at a site remote from the refrigeration system, prior to removal of the HCFC, further comprising transporting the premixed HFC and the polyol ester lubricant in an amount of between 5% and 20% by weight of the HFC in a DOT compliant transport container.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the premixed HFC and the polyol ester lubricant in an amount of between 5% and 20% by weight of the HFC in a DOT compliant transport container comprises 8% by weight polyol ester lubricant in HFC, in a DOT-39 transport container.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said removing and charging are performed substantially without measuring an amount or concentration of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC consists essentially of R-407C.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC comprises R-125.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC comprises R-134a.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC comprises R-32.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC comprises R-143a.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HCFC comprises R-22 and the HFC consists essentially of R-407C.

11. A method for retrofitting a hermetically sealed refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant, to an HFC refrigerant with a polyol ester lubricant-mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant mixture, comprising: evacuating the HCFC refrigerant from the hermetically sealed refrigeration system substatually without removing the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant; transporting a premixture of the HFC refrigerant and a polyol ester lubricant in a container suitable for vehicular transportation according to DOT regulation; and charging the hermetically sealed refrigeration system having the unremoved mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant with the premixture of the HFC refrigerant and a polyol ester lubricant.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the HCFC comprises R-22, and the HFC consists essentially of R-407C.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the polyol ester is provided in an amount of 5% to 20% by weight of the HFC in the container.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the polyol ester is provided in an amount of 8% by weight of the HFC in the container, and the HFC in the container consists essentially of R-407C.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the hermetically sealed refrigeration system after charging with the premixture of the HFC refrigerant and a polyol ester lubricant has a concentration of mixed lubricant of 15-32% by weight of the HFC.

16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the container is DOT-39 compliant.

17. A DOT compliant refrigerant transport container for retrofitting a refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant compatible with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to an HFC refrigerant compatible with a polyol ester lubricant, comprising: the DOT compliant refrigerant transport container; a refrigerant consisting essentially of at least two of R-32, R-125, R-134a, and R143a; and a polyol ester lubricant in an amount of 5-15% by weight of the refrigerant.

18. The DOT compliant refrigerant transport container according to claim 17, comprising a DOT-39 compliant container, 7.5-8.5% by weight polyol ester lubricant by weight of the HFC.

19. The DOT compliant refrigerant transport container according to claim 17, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of R-407C.

20. The DOT compliant refrigerant transport container according to claim 17, wherein the DOT compliant refrigerant transport container is a DOT-39 compliant container having a capacity of 30 pounds, filled with about 2.4 pounds of polyol ester lubricant and about 27.6 pounds of the HFC refrigerant.

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