U.S. patent application number 16/323475 was filed with the patent office on 2019-06-06 for systems and methods for uplink transmission power control.
The applicant listed for this patent is Intel Corporation. Invention is credited to Wenting Chang, Yongjun Kwak, Dae Won Lee, Guotong Wang, Gang Xiong, RongZhen Yang, Yushu Zhang, Yuan Zhu.
Application Number | 20190174423 16/323475 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 59656218 |
Filed Date | 2019-06-06 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190174423 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Zhang; Yushu ; et
al. |
June 6, 2019 |
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR UPLINK TRANSMISSION POWER CONTROL
Abstract
Uplink Transmission Power Control (TPC) techniques configured to
compensate for variations in path loss and/or interference on a
plurality of uplink transmission beams.
Inventors: |
Zhang; Yushu; (Beijing,
CN) ; Yang; RongZhen; (Shanghai, CN) ; Zhu;
Yuan; (Beijing, CN) ; Xiong; Gang; (Portland,
OR) ; Chang; Wenting; (Beijing, CN) ; Wang;
Guotong; (Beijing, CN) ; Lee; Dae Won;
(Portland, OR) ; Kwak; Yongjun; (Portland,
OR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Intel Corporation |
Santa Clara |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
59656218 |
Appl. No.: |
16/323475 |
Filed: |
August 7, 2017 |
PCT Filed: |
August 7, 2017 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2017/045780 |
371 Date: |
February 5, 2019 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62501623 |
May 4, 2017 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W 52/241 20130101;
H04W 52/243 20130101; H04B 7/0626 20130101; H04W 52/325 20130101;
H04W 52/245 20130101; H04W 52/146 20130101; H04B 7/0617 20130101;
H04W 52/242 20130101; H04B 7/0404 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04W 52/14 20060101
H04W052/14; H04W 52/24 20060101 H04W052/24; H04W 52/32 20060101
H04W052/32 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 5, 2016 |
CN |
PCT/CN2016/093718 |
Claims
1-32. (canceled)
33. An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) operable to configure
uplink transmission power in a multi-beam system, the UE
comprising: one or more processors configured to, decode, at the
UE, higher level signaling received from a Base Station (BS)
including one or more power control factors for corresponding ones
of a plurality of uplink transmission beams; estimate, at the UE, a
path loss for corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams; and determine, at the UE, a transmission power
of one or more of the plurality of uplink transmission beams as a
function of the one or more decoded power control factors and the
estimated path loss of the corresponding ones of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams; and a memory interface configured to
send to a memory one or more indicators of the determined
transmission power of the corresponding ones of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams.
34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the one or more processors
are further configured to encode an uplink signal for transmission
on one or more of the plurality of uplink transmission beams based
on the determined transmission power of the corresponding ones of
the plurality of uplink transmission beams.
35. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the determined transmission
power can be used for an Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) portion of
a Transmit Power Control (TPC).
36. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the one or more power
control factors includes a resource block power (P.sub.0) for each
of the plurality of uplink transmission beams.
37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the resource block power
(P.sub.0) is a function of one or more of an interference, a
thermal noise and a target signal interference noise ratio for each
of the plurality of uplink transmission beams.
38. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the one or more power
control factors includes a path loss compensation factor (.alpha.)
for each of a plurality of uplink transmission beams.
39. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein a first set of one or more
power control factors are decoded for a first waveform used for a
first one of the plurality of uplink transmission beams, and a
second set of one or more power control factor are decoded for a
second waveform used for a second one of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
40. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the higher level signaling
includes one or more of a System Information Block (SIB), a Master
Information Block (MIB), a Radio Resource Control (RRC), or a Media
Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE).
41. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the transmission power of
the one or more of the plurality of uplink transmission beams are
each determined independently based on one or more of a target
receive power, a path loss compensation factor (.alpha.), a power
offsets and an accumulation flag, for one or more uplink data
channels and uplink control channels.
42. An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) operable to configure
uplink transmission power in a multi-beam system, the UE
comprising: one or more processors configured to, decode, at the
UE, higher level signaling received from a Base Station (BS)
including one or more power control factors common for a plurality
of uplink transmission beams; decode, at the UE, higher level
signaling received from the base station including one or more
offset power control factors for corresponding ones of a plurality
of uplink transmission beams; estimate, at the UE, a path loss for
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission beams;
and determine, at the UE, a transmission power of one or more of
the plurality of uplink transmission beams as a function of the
decoded common power control factor, the offset power control
factors for corresponding ones of a plurality of uplink
transmission beams, and the estimated path loss of the
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission beams;
and a memory interface configured to send to a memory one or more
indicators of the determined transmission power of the
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the one or more processors
are further configured to transmit on one or more of the plurality
of uplink transmission beams based on the determined transmission
power of the corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
44. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the common power control
factors include a common resource block power (P.sub.0) for the
plurality of uplink transmission beams.
45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the one or more offset power
control factors for corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams are a function of a difference in resource block
power (P.sub.0) for corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
46. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the resource block power
(P.sub.0) is a function of one or more of an interference, a
thermal noise and a target signal interference noise ratio for the
plurality of uplink transmission beams.
47. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the common power control
factor includes a path loss compensation factor (.alpha.) for the
plurality of uplink transmission beams.
48. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein a first set of one or more
power control factors are decoded for a first waveform used for a
first one of the plurality of uplink transmission beams, and a
second set of one or more power control factor are decoded for a
second waveform used for a second one of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
49. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the higher level signaling
includes one or more of a System Information Block (SIB), a Master
Information Block (MIB), a Radio Resource Control (RRC), or a Media
Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE).
50. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the transmission power of
the one or more of the plurality of uplink transmission beams are
each determined independently based on one or more of a target
receive power, a path loss compensation factor (.alpha.), a power
offsets and an accumulation flag, for one or more uplink data
channels and uplink control channels.
51. An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) operable to configure
uplink transmission power in a multi-beam system, the UE
comprising: one or more processors configured to, decode, at the
UE, higher level signaling received from a Base Station (BS)
including one or more power control factors of a plurality of Beam
Management Signals (BMS); estimate, at the UE, a path loss for
corresponding ones of the plurality of Beam Management Signals
(BMS); determine, at the UE, a k.sup.th least path loss
(PL.sub.k.sub.th) for the plurality of Uplink Beam Management
Signals (UL BMS); and determine, at the UE, a transmission power of
corresponding ones of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management
Signals (UL BMS) as a function of the one or more decoded power
control factors and the determined k.sup.th least path loss
(PL.sub.k.sub.th) of the Downlink Beam Measurement Reference Signal
(DL BM RS); and a memory interface configured to send to a memory
one or more indicators of the determined transmission power of the
corresponding ones of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management
Signals (UL BMS).
52. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein one or more power control
factors can be configured independently for different Beam
Management Signals (BMS).
53. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the resource block power
(P.sub.0) is a function of one or more of an interference, a
thermal noise and a target signal interference noise ratio for each
of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS).
54. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the transmission power is
further determined as a function of a power control offset
({circumflex over (.lamda.)}).
55. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the transmission power is
further determined as a function of a first power control offset
({circumflex over (.lamda.)}.sub.r) configured by higher level
signaling and a second power control offset ({circumflex over
(.DELTA.)}.sub.d) configured by Downlink Control Information
(DCI).
56. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the one or more processors
are further configured to transmit on one or more of the of the
plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS) based on the
determined transmission power of the corresponding ones of the
plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS).
57. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS) includes a Physical Random Access
Channel (PRACH), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), or Physical
Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] Wireless systems typically include multiple User Equipment
(UE) devices communicatively coupled to one or more Base Stations
(BS). The one or more BSs may be Long Term Evolved (LTE) evolved
NodeBs (eNB) or New Radio (NR) next generation NodeBs (gNB) that
can be communicatively coupled to one or more UEs by a
Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network. The UE can be
one or more of a smart phone, a tablet computing device, a laptop
computer, an internet of things (IOT) device, and/or another type
of computing devices that is configured to provide digital
communications. As used herein, digital communications can include
data and/or voice communications, as well as control
information.
[0002] The power level that the BSs and UEs transmit at has an
impact on interference in the system. The management of uplink
transmission power by the UE can reduce interference with other UEs
and increase the battery life of the given UE. The uplink Transmit
Power Control (TPC) can adapt to radio propagation channel
conditions, including path loss, shadowing and fast fade
fluctuations, while reducing the interference effects from other
user equipment, within the cell and from neighboring cells.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0003] Features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent
from the detailed description which follows, taken in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings, which together illustrate, by way
of example, features of the disclosure; and, wherein:
[0004] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless system, in accordance with an
example;
[0005] FIG. 2 illustrates an architecture of a wireless network
with various components of the network in accordance with some
embodiments;
[0006] FIG. 3 illustrates example components of a device in
accordance with some embodiments;
[0007] FIG. 4 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry
in accordance with some embodiments;
[0008] FIG. 5 is an illustration of a control plane protocol stack
in accordance with some embodiments;
[0009] FIG. 6 is an illustration of a user plane protocol stack in
accordance with some embodiments;
[0010] FIG. 7 illustrates components of a core network in
accordance with some embodiments;
[0011] FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating components, according
to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a
machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a
non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one
or more of the methodologies discussed herein;
[0012] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate different transmission beam
techniques for use in a wireless system, in accordance with an
example;
[0013] FIG. 10 illustrates hybrid digital/analog beamforming for
use in a wireless system, in accordance with an example;
[0014] FIG. 11 illustrates pathloss in a multi-beam system, in
accordance with an example;
[0015] FIG. 12 illustrates interference in a multi-beam system, in
accordance with an example;
[0016] FIG. 13 illustrates a User Equipment (UE) transmit power
control method of a multi-beam system, in accordance with an
example;
[0017] FIG. 14 illustrates a User Equipment (UE) transmit power
control method of a multi-beam system, in accordance with another
example;
[0018] FIG. 15 illustrates a User Equipment (UE) transmit power
control method of a multi-beam system, in accordance with another
example;
[0019] FIG. 16 illustrates a User Equipment (UE) Beam Management
(BM) transmit power control method of a multi-beam system, in
accordance with an example;
[0020] FIG. 17 illustrates power control of a Beam Management
Signal (BMS), in accordance with an example;
[0021] FIG. 18 illustrates a User Equipment (UE) Beam Management
(BM) transmit power control method of a multi-beam system, in
accordance with an example; and
[0022] FIG. 19 illustrates power control of a Beam Management
Signal (BMS), in accordance with another example.
[0023] Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments
illustrated, and specific language will be used herein to describe
the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of
the scope of the technology is thereby intended.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Before the present technology is disclosed and described, it
is to be understood that this technology is not limited to the
particular structures, process actions, or materials disclosed
herein, but is extended to equivalents thereof as would be
recognized by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It
should also be understood that terminology employed herein is used
for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not
intended to be limiting. The same reference numerals in different
drawings represent the same element. Numbers provided in flow
charts and processes are provided for clarity in illustrating
actions and operations and do not necessarily indicate a particular
order or sequence.
[0025] Definitions
[0026] As used herein, the term "User Equipment (UE)" refers to a
computing device capable of wireless digital communication such as
a smart phone, a tablet computing device, a laptop computer, a
multimedia device such as an iPod Touch.RTM., or other type
computing device that provides text or voice communication. The
term "User Equipment (UE)" may also be refer to as a "mobile
device," "wireless device," of "wireless mobile device."
[0027] As used herein, the term "wireless access point" or
"Wireless Local Area Network Access Point (WLAN-AP)" refers to a
device or configured node on a network that allows wireless capable
devices and wired networks to connect through a wireless standard,
including WiFi, Bluetooth, or other wireless communication
protocol.
[0028] As used herein, the term "Base Station (BS)" includes "Base
Transceiver Stations (BTS)," "NodeBs," "evolved NodeBs (eNodeB or
eNB)," and/or "next generation NodeBs (gNodeB or gNB)," and refers
to a device or configured node of a mobile phone network that
communicates wirelessly with UEs.
[0029] As used herein, the term "cellular telephone network," "4G
cellular," "Long Term Evolved (LTE)," "5G cellular" and/or "New
Radio (NR)" refers to wireless broadband technology developed by
the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and will be
referred to herein simply as "New Radio (NR)."
Example Embodiments
[0030] An initial overview of technology embodiments is provided
below and then specific technology embodiments are described in
further detail later. This initial summary is intended to aid
readers in understanding the technology more quickly but is not
intended to identify key features or essential features of the
technology nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed
subject matter.
[0031] In one aspect, a Transmit Power Control (TPC) scheme for a
User Equipment (UE) can include receiving power control factors for
corresponding uplink transmission beams. The power control factors
can include a resource block power (P.sub.0) for each uplink
transmission beam, and a path loss compensation factor (.alpha.).
The UE can estimate the path loss (PL) for the corresponding uplink
transmission beams. A transmission power of one or more of the
plurality of uplink transmission beams can be determined by the UE
as a function of the power control factors, and estimated path loss
of the corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0032] In another aspect, a Transmit Power Control (TPC) scheme for
a User Equipment (UE) can include receiving power control factors
common for a plurality of uplink transmission beams. The power
control factors can include a resource block power (P.sub.0) common
to the plurality of uplink transmission beam, and a path loss
compensation factor (.alpha.). An offset power control factor can
also be received for corresponding uplink transmission beams. The
UE can estimate the path loss (PL) for the corresponding uplink
transmission beams. A transmission power of one or more of the
plurality of uplink transmission beams can be determined by the UE
as a function of the decoded common power control factor, the
offset power control factors for corresponding ones of a plurality
of uplink transmission beams, and the estimated path loss of the
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0033] In yet another aspect, a Transmit Power Control (TPC) scheme
can include a Base Station (BS) transmitting a configuration for a
first power control process (PC0) to a User Equipment (UE). The BS
can also transmit an UL grant for the first power control process
(PC0) to the UE. The UE can transmit on the extended Physical
Uplink Shared Channel (xPUSCH)/Sounding Reference Signal (xSRS)
based on the configured power control factors in the first power
control process (PC0). The BS can transmit a downlink assignment
including a second power control process (PC1). The UE can transmit
to the BS a feedback acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement
(ACK/NACK) in an extended Physical Uplink Control Channel (xPUCCH)
with the power control factors in the first power control process
(PC0).
[0034] In yet another aspect, a Beam Management (BM) Transmit Power
Control (TPC) scheme for a User Equipment (UE) can include
receiving one or more power control factors of a plurality of Beam
Management Signals (BMS). The UE can estimate the path loss (PL)
for corresponding ones of the plurality of Beam Management Signals
(BMS). The UE can determine the k.sup.th least path loss
(PL.sub.k.sub.th) (e.g., k.sup.th best DL beam) for the plurality
of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS). The transmission power
of corresponding ones of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management
Signals (UL BMS) can be determined by the UE as a function of the
one or more decoded power control factors and the determined
k.sup.th least path loss (PL.sub.k.sub.th) of the Downlink Beam
Measurement Reference Signal (DL BM RS).
[0035] In yet another aspect, a Beam Management (BM) Transmit Power
Control (TPC) scheme for a User Equipment (UE) can include
receiving one or more power control factors of a plurality of Beam
Management Signals (BMS). The UE can estimate the path loss (PL)
for a set of the plurality of Beam Management Signals (BMS). The UE
can determine a mean, median, mode or filtered path loss (PL) for
the set of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL
BMS). The transmission power of corresponding ones of the plurality
of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS) can be determined by the
UE as a function of power control factors and the determined mean,
median, mode or filtered path loss (PL) of the Downlink Beam
Measurement Reference Signal (DL BM RS).
[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless system, in accordance with an
example. In one aspect, the wireless system 100 includes one or
more Base Stations (BS) 110 and one or more User Equipment (UE)
devices 120 that can be communicatively coupled by a wireless
communication protocol. In one instance, the one or more BSs may be
Long Term Evolved (LTE) evolved NodeBs (eNB) that can be
communicatively coupled to one or more UEs by a Third-Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolved (LTE) network. In one
instance, the UE can be one or more of a smart phone, a tablet
computing device, a laptop computer, an internet of things (IOT)
device, and/or another type of computing devices that is configured
to provide digital communications. As used herein, digital
communications can include data and/or voice communications, as
well as control information.
[0037] FIG. 2 illustrates an architecture of a wireless network
with various components of the network in accordance with some
embodiments. A system 200 is shown to include a user equipment (UE)
201 and a UE 202. The UEs 201 and 202 are illustrated as
smartphones (i.e., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices
connectable to one or more cellular networks), but may also
comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as
Personal Data Assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop
computers, wireless handsets, or any computing device including a
wireless communications interface. In some embodiments, any of the
UEs 201 and 202 can comprise an Internet of Things (IoT) UE, which
can comprise a network access layer designed for low-power IoT
applications utilizing short-lived UE connections. An IoT UE can
utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) or
machine-type communications (MTC) for (machine initiated)
exchanging data with an MTC server and/or device via a public land
mobile network (PLMN), Proximity-Based Service (ProSe) or
device-to-device (D2D) communication, sensor networks, or IoT
networks. An IoT network describes interconnecting uniquely
identifiable embedded computing devices (within the internet
infrastructure) having short-lived connections, in addition to
background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates,
etc.) executed by the IoT UE.
[0038] The UEs 201 and 202 are configured to access a radio access
network (RAN)--in this embodiment, an Evolved Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network
(E-UTRAN) 210. The UEs 201 and 202 utilize connections 203 and 204,
respectively, each of which comprises a physical communications
interface or layer (discussed in further detail below); in this
example, the connections 203 and 204 are illustrated as an air
interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent
with cellular communications protocols, such as a Global System for
Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple
access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a
PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term
Evolution (LTE) protocol, and the like.
[0039] In this embodiment, the UEs 201 and 202 may further directly
exchange communication data via a ProSe interface 205. The ProSe
interface 205 may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink
interface comprising one or more logical channels, including but
not limited to a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a
Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), a Physical Sidelink
Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and a Physical Sidelink Broadcast
Channel (PBSCH).
[0040] The UE 202 is shown to be configured to access an access
point (AP) 206 via connection 207. The connection 207 can comprise
a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with
any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 206 would comprise a
wireless fidelity (WiFi) router. In this example, the AP 206 is
shown to be connected to the Internet without connecting to the
core network of the wireless system (described in further detail
below).
[0041] The E-UTRAN 210 can include one or more access points that
enable the connections 203 and 204. These access points can be
referred to as access nodes, base stations (BSs), NodeBs, eNodeBs,
gNodeBs, RAN nodes, RAN nodes, and so forth, and can comprise
ground stations (i.e., terrestrial access points) or satellite
access points providing coverage within a geographic area (i.e., a
cell). The E-UTRAN 210 may include one or more RAN nodes 211 for
providing macrocells and one or more RAN nodes 212 for providing
femtocells or picocells (i.e., cells having smaller coverage areas,
smaller user capacity, and/or higher bandwidth compared to
macrocells).
[0042] Any of the RAN nodes 211 and 212 can terminate the air
interface protocol and can be the first point of contact for the
UEs 201 and 202. In some embodiments, any of the RAN nodes 211 and
212 can fulfill various logical functions for the E-UTRAN 210
including, but not limited to, radio network controller (RNC)
functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink
dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and
mobility management.
[0043] In accordance with some embodiments, the UEs 201 and 202 can
be configured to communicate using Orthogonal Frequency-Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with
any of the RAN nodes 211 and 212 over a multicarrier communication
channel in accordance various communication techniques, such as an
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication
technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a Single Carrier
Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) communication
technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications),
although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this
respect. The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal
subcarriers.
[0044] In some embodiments, a downlink resource grid can be used
for downlink transmissions from any of the RAN nodes 211 and 212 to
the UEs 201 and 202, while uplink transmissions can utilize similar
techniques. The grid can be a time-frequency grid, called a
resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which is the
physical resource in the downlink in each slot. Such a
time-frequency plane representation is a common practice for OFDM
systems, which makes it intuitive for radio resource allocation.
Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds to one
OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of
the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one slot in a
radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in a resource grid is
denoted as a resource element. Each resource grid comprises a
number of resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain
physical channels to resource elements. Each resource block
comprises a collection of resource elements; in the frequency
domain, this represents the smallest quantity of resources that
currently can be allocated. There are several different physical
downlink channels that are conveyed using such resource blocks.
[0045] The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user
data and higher-layer signaling to the UEs 201 and 202. The
physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries information about
the transport format and resource allocations related to the PDSCH
channel, among other things. It also informs the UEs 201 and 202
about the transport format, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid
Automatic Repeat Request) information related to the uplink shared
channel. Typically, downlink scheduling (assigning control and
shared channel resource blocks to the UE 102 within a cell) is
performed at any of the RAN nodes 211 and 212 based on channel
quality information fed back from any of the UEs 201 and 202, and
then the downlink resource assignment information is sent on the
PDCCH used for (i.e., assigned to) each of the UEs 201 and 202.
[0046] The PDCCH uses control channel elements (CCEs) to convey the
control information. Before being mapped to resource elements, the
PDCCH complex-valued symbols are first organized into quadruplets,
which are then permuted using a sub-block inter-leaver for rate
matching. Each PDCCH is transmitted using one or more of these
CCEs, where each CCE corresponds to nine sets of four physical
resource elements known as resource element groups (REGs). Four
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) symbols are mapped to each
REG. The PDCCH can be transmitted using one or more CCEs, depending
on the size of the Downlink Control Information (DCI) and the
channel condition. There can be four or more different PDCCH
formats defined in LTE with different numbers of CCEs (e.g.,
aggregation level, L=1, 2, 4, or 8).
[0047] The E-UTRAN 210 is shown to be communicatively coupled to a
core network--in this embodiment, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
network 220 via an S1 interface 213. In this embodiment the S1
interface 213 is split into two parts: the S1-U interface 214,
which carries traffic data between the RAN nodes 211 and 212 and
the serving gateway (S-GW) 222, and the S1-MME interface 215, which
is a signaling interface between the RAN nodes 211 and 212 and the
mobility management entities (MMEs) 221.
[0048] In this embodiment, the EPC network 220 comprises the MMEs
221, the S-GW 222, the Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW)
223, and a home subscriber server (HSS) 224. The MMEs 221 are
similar in function to the control plane of legacy Serving General
Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Nodes (SGSN). The MMEs 221
manage mobility aspects in access such as gateway selection and
tracking area list management. The HSS 224 comprises a database for
network users, including subscription-related information to
support the network entities' handling of communication sessions.
The EPC network 220 may comprise one or several HSSs 224, depending
on the number of mobile subscribers, on the capacity of the
equipment, on the organization of the network, etc. For example,
the HSS 224 can provide support for routing/roaming,
authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution,
location dependencies, etc.
[0049] The S-GW 222 terminates the S1 interface 213 towards the
E-UTRAN 210, and routes data packets between the E-UTRAN 210 and
the EPC network 220. In addition, the S-GW 222 may be a local
mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handovers and also may
provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities
may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy
enforcement.
[0050] The P-GW 223 terminates an SGi interface toward a PDN. The
P-GW 223 routes data packets between the EPC network 223 and
external networks such as a network including the application
server 230 (alternatively referred to as application function (AF))
via an Internet Protocol (IP) interface 225. Generally, the
application server 230 is an element offering applications that use
IP bearer resources with the core network (e.g., UMTS Packet
Services (PS) domain, LTE PS data services, etc.). In this
embodiment, the P-GW 223 is shown to be communicatively coupled to
an application server 230 via an IP communications interface 225.
The application server 230 can also be configured to support one or
more communication services (e.g., Voice-over-Internet Protocol
(VoIP) sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social
networking services, etc.) for the UEs 201 and 202 via the EPC
network 220.
[0051] The P-GW 223 may further be a node for policy enforcement
and charging data collection. Policy and Charging Enforcement
Function (PCRF) 226 is the policy and charging control element of
the EPC network 220. In a non-roaming scenario, there may be a
single PCRF in the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN)
associated with a User Equipment's (UE) Internet Protocol
Connectivity Access Network (IP-CAN) session. In a roaming scenario
with local breakout of traffic, there may be two PCRFs associated
with a UE's IP-CAN session: a Home PCRF (H-PCRF) within a HPLMN and
a Visited PCRF (V-PCRF) within a Visited Public Land Mobile Network
(VPLMN). The PCRF 226 may be communicatively coupled to the
application server 230 via the P-GW 223. The application server 230
may signal the PCRF 226 to indicate a new service flow and
selecting the appropriate Quality of Service (QoS) and charging
parameters. The PCRF 226 may provision this rule into a Policy and
Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) (not shown) with the
appropriate traffic flow template (TFT) and QoS class of identifier
(QCI), which commences the QoS and charging as specified by the
application server.
[0052] FIG. 3 illustrates example components of a device in
accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the device
300 may include application circuitry 302, baseband circuitry 304,
Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 306, front-end module (FEM)
circuitry 308, and one or more antennas 310, coupled together at
least as shown. The components of the illustrated device 300 may be
included a UE or a RAN node. In some embodiments, the device 300
may include less elements (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize
application circuitry 302, and instead include a
processor/controller to process IP data received from an EPC). In
some embodiments, the device 300 may include additional elements
such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor,
and/or input/output (I/O) interface. In other embodiments, the
components described below may be included in more than one device
(e.g., said circuitries may be separately included in more than one
device for Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations).
[0053] The application circuitry 302 may include one or more
application processors. For example, the application circuitry 302
may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more
single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) may include
any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated
processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors,
etc.). The processors may be coupled with and/or may include
memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored
in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or
operating systems to run on the system. In some embodiments,
processors of application circuitry 302 may process IP data packets
received from an EPC.
[0054] The baseband circuitry 304 may include circuitry such as,
but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core
processors. The baseband circuitry 304 may include one or more
baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband
signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 306
and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the
RF circuitry 306. Baseband processing circuitry 304 may interface
with the application circuitry 302 for generation and processing of
the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF
circuitry 306. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband
circuitry 304 may include a second generation (2G) baseband
processor 304a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 304b,
fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 304c, and/or other
baseband processor(s) 304d for other existing generations,
generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g.,
fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). The baseband circuitry 304 (e.g.,
one or more of baseband processors 304a-d) may handle various radio
control functions that enable communication with one or more radio
networks via the RF circuitry 306. In other embodiments, some or
all of the functionality of baseband processors 304a-d may be
included in modules stored in the memory 304g and executed via a
Central Processing Unit (CPU) 304e. The radio control functions may
include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation,
encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some
embodiments, modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband
circuitry 304 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding,
and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some
embodiments, encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry
304 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo,
Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder
functionality. Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and
encoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and
may include other suitable functionality in other embodiments.
[0055] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include one
or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 304f. The audio
DSP(s) 304f may be include elements for compression/decompression
and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing
elements in other embodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry
may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or
disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some
embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the
baseband circuitry 304 and the application circuitry 302 may be
implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip
(SOC).
[0056] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 304 may provide
for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies.
For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 304 may
support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio
access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area
networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless
personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband
circuitry 304 is configured to support radio communications of more
than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode
baseband circuitry.
[0057] RF circuitry 306 may enable communication with wireless
networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a
non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 306 may
include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the
communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 306 may
include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to
down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 308 and
provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 304. RF
circuitry 306 may also include a transmit signal path which may
include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the
baseband circuitry 304 and provide RF output signals to the FEM
circuitry 308 for transmission.
[0058] In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 306 may include a
receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal
path of the RF circuitry 306 may include mixer circuitry 306a,
amplifier circuitry 306b and filter circuitry 306c. The transmit
signal path of the RF circuitry 306 may include filter circuitry
306c and mixer circuitry 306a. RF circuitry 306 may also include
synthesizer circuitry 306d for synthesizing a frequency for use by
the mixer circuitry 306a of the receive signal path and the
transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 306a
of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF
signals received from the FEM circuitry 308 based on the
synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 306d. The
amplifier circuitry 306b may be configured to amplify the
down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 306c may be a
low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to
remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate
output baseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to
the baseband circuitry 304 for further processing. In some
embodiments, the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency
baseband signals, although this is not a necessity. In some
embodiments, mixer circuitry 306a of the receive signal path may
comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is
not limited in this respect.
[0059] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 306a of the
transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband
signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the
synthesizer circuitry 306d to generate RF output signals for the
FEM circuitry 308. The baseband signals may be provided by the
baseband circuitry 304 and may be filtered by filter circuitry
306c. The filter circuitry 306c may include a low-pass filter
(LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this
respect.
[0060] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 306a of the receive
signal path and the mixer circuitry 306a of the transmit signal
path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for
quadrature downconversion and/or upconversion respectively. In some
embodiments, the mixer circuitry 306a of the receive signal path
and the mixer circuitry 306a of the transmit signal path may
include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection
(e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer
circuitry 306a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry
306a may be arranged for direct downconversion and/or direct
upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer
circuitry 306a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry
306a of the transmit signal path may be configured for
super-heterodyne operation.
[0061] In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the
input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the
scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some
alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input
baseband signals may be digital baseband signals. In these
alternate embodiments, the RF circuitry 306 may include
analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter
(DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 304 may include a
digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry
306.
[0062] In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry
may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although
the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
[0063] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 306d may be a
fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer,
although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this
respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
For example, synthesizer circuitry 306d may be a delta-sigma
synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a
phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
[0064] The synthesizer circuitry 306d may be configured to
synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 306a
of the RF circuitry 306 based on a frequency input and a divider
control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 306d
may be a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer.
[0065] In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a
voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a
necessity. Divider control input may be provided by either the
baseband circuitry 304 or the applications processor 302 depending
on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider
control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table
based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 302.
[0066] Synthesizer circuitry 306d of the RF circuitry 306 may
include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a
phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual
modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital
phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be
configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g.,
based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In
some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded,
tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a
D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be
configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase,
where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this
way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the
total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.
[0067] In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 306d may be
configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency,
while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple
of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four
times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with
quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple
signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases
with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output
frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF
circuitry 306 may include an IQ/polar converter.
[0068] FEM circuitry 308 may include a receive signal path which
may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received
from one or more antennas 310, amplify the received signals and
provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF
circuitry 306 for further processing. FEM circuitry 308 may also
include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry
configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF
circuitry 306 for transmission by one or more of the one or more
antennas 310.
[0069] In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 308 may include a
TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode
operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and
a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM
circuitry may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify
received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals
as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 306). The transmit signal
path of the FEM circuitry 308 may include a power amplifier (PA) to
amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 306), and
one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent
transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas
310.
[0070] In some embodiments, the device 300 comprises a plurality of
power saving mechanisms. If the device 300 is in an RRC_Connected
state, where it is still connected to the RAN node as it expects to
receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as
Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity.
During this state, the device may power down for brief intervals of
time and thus save power.
[0071] If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period
of time, then the device 300 may transition off to an RRC_Idle
state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform
operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. The
device 300 goes into a very low power state and it performs paging
where again it periodically wakes up to listen to the network and
then powers down again. The device cannot receive data in this
state, in order to receive data, it can transition back to
RRC_Connected state.
[0072] An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be
unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging
interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours). During this time,
the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down
completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and
it is assumed the delay is acceptable.
[0073] Processors of the application circuitry 302 and processors
of the baseband circuitry 304 may be used to execute elements of
one or more instances of a protocol stack. For example, processors
of the baseband circuitry 304, alone or in combination, may be used
execute Layer 3, Layer 2, and/or Layer 1 functionality, while
processors of the application circuitry 304 may utilize data (e.g.,
packet data) received from these layers and further execute Layer 4
functionality (e.g., transmission communication protocol (TCP) and
user datagram protocol (UDP) layers). As referred to herein, Layer
3 may comprise a radio resource control (RRC) layer, described in
further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 2 may comprise a
medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC)
layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer,
described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 1
may comprise a physical (PHY) layer of a UE/RAN node, described in
further detail below.
[0074] FIG. 4 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry
in accordance with some embodiments. As discussed above, the
baseband circuitry 304 of FIG. 3 may comprise processors 304A-304E
and a memory 304G utilized by said processors. Each of the
processors 304A-304E may include a memory interface, 404A-404E,
respectively, to send/receive data to/from the memory 304G.
[0075] The baseband circuitry 304 may further include one or more
interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuitries/devices,
such as a memory interface 412 (e.g., an interface to send/receive
data to/from memory external to the baseband circuitry 304), an
application circuitry interface 414 (e.g., an interface to
send/receive data to/from the application circuitry 302 of FIG. 3),
an RF circuitry interface 416 (e.g., an interface to send/receive
data to/from RF circuitry 306 of FIG. 3), and a wireless hardware
connectivity interface 418 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data
to/from Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth.RTM.
components (e.g., Bluetooth.RTM. Low Energy), Wi-Fi.RTM.
components, and other communication components).
[0076] FIG. 5 is an illustration of a control plane protocol stack
in accordance with some embodiments. In this embodiment, a control
plane 500 is shown as a communications protocol stack between the
UE 201 (or alternatively, the UE 202), the RAN node 211 (or
alternatively, the RAN node 212) and the MME 221.
[0077] The PHY layer 501 transmits and/or receives information used
by the MAC layer 502 over one or more air interfaces. The PHY layer
501 may further perform link adaptation or adaptive modulation and
coding (AMC), power control, cell search (e.g., for initial
synchronization and handover purposes) and other measurements used
by higher layers, such as the RRC layer 505, error detection on the
transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding/decoding
of the transport channels, modulation/demodulation of physical
channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical
channels, and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna
processing.
[0078] The MAC layer 502 performs mapping between logical channels
and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC service data units
(SDUs) from one or more logical channels onto transport blocks (TB)
to be delivered to PHY via transport channels, de-multiplexing MAC
SDUs to one or more logical channels from transport blocks (TB)
delivered from the PHY via transport channels, multiplexing MAC
SDUs onto TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction
through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), and logical channel
prioritization.
[0079] The RLC layer 503 may operate in a plurality of modes of
operation, including: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode
(UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). The RLC layer 503 may execute
transfer of upper layer protocol data units (PDUs), error
correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ) for AM data
transfers, and concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC
SDUs for UM and AM data transfers. The RLC layer 503 may also
execute re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs for AM data transfers,
reorder RLC data PDUs for UM and AM data transfers, detect
duplicate data for UM and AM data transfers, discard RLC SDUs for
UM and AM data transfers, detect protocol errors for AM data
transfers, and perform RLC re-establishment.
[0080] The PDCP layer 504 may execute header compression and
decompression of IP data, maintain PDCP Sequence Numbers (SNs),
perform in-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs at
re-establishment of lower layers, eliminate duplicates of lower
layer SDUs at re-establishment of lower layers for radio bearers
mapped on RLC AM, ciphering and deciphering of control plane data,
integrity protection and integrity verification of control plane
data, timer based discard of data, and security (e.g., ciphering,
deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification,
etc.).
[0081] The main services and functions of the RRC layer 505 may
include broadcast of system information (e.g., included in Master
Information Blocks (MIBs) or System Information Blocks (SIBs)
related to the non-access stratum (NAS)), broadcast of system
information related to the access stratum (AS), paging,
establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between
the UE and E-UTRAN (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection
establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection
release), establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of
point to point Radio Bearers, security functions including key
management, inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and
measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting. Said MIBs
and SIBs may comprise one or more information elements (IEs), which
may each comprise individual data fields or data structures.
[0082] The UE 201 and the RAN node 211 may utilize a Uu interface
(e.g., an LTE-Uu interface) to exchange control plane data via a
protocol stack comprising the PHY layer 501, the MAC layer 502, the
RLC layer 503, the PDCP layer 504, and the RRC layer 505.
[0083] The non-access stratum (NAS) protocols 506 form the highest
stratum of the control plane between the UE 201 and the MME 221.
The NAS protocols 506 support the mobility of the UE 201 and the
session management procedures to establish and maintain IP
connectivity between the UE 201 and the P-GW 223.
[0084] The S1 Application Protocol (S1-AP) layer 515 supports the
functions of the S1 interface and comprises Elementary Procedures
(EPs). An EP is a unit of interaction between the RAN node 211 and
the EPC 220. The S1-AP layer services comprise two groups:
UE-associated services and non UE-associated services. These
services perform functions including, but are not limited to:
E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer (E-RAB) management, UE capability
indication, mobility, NAS signaling transport, RAN Information
Management (RIM), and configuration transfer.
[0085] The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) layer
(alternatively referred to as the SCTP/IP layer) 514 ensures
reliable delivery of signaling messages between the RAN node 211
and the MME 221 based, in part, on the IP protocol, supported by
the IP layer 513. The L2 layer 512 and the L1 layer 511 refers to
communication links (e.g., wired or wireless) used by the RAN node
and the MME to exchange information.
[0086] The RAN node 211 and the MME 221 may utilize an S1-MME
interface to exchange control plane data via a protocol stack
comprising the L1 layer 511, the L2 layer 512, the IP layer 513,
the SCTP layer 514, and the S1-AP layer 515.
[0087] FIG. 6 is an illustration of a user plane protocol stack in
accordance with some embodiments. In this embodiment, a user plane
600 is shown as a communications protocol stack between the UE 201
(or alternatively, the UE 202), the RAN node 211 (or alternatively,
the RAN node 212), the S-GW 222, and the P-GW 223. The user plane
600 may utilize at least some of the same protocol layers as the
control plane 500. For example, the UE 201 and the RAN node 211 may
utilize a Uu interface (e.g., an LTE-Uu interface) to exchange user
plane data via a protocol stack comprising the PHY layer 501, the
MAC layer 502, the RLC layer 503, the PDCP layer 504.
[0088] The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol
for the user plane (GTP-U) layer 604 may be used for carrying user
data within the GPRS core network and between the radio access
network and the core network. The user data transported can be
packets in any of IPv4, IPv6, or PPP formats. The UDP and IP
security (UDP/IP) layer 603 may provide checksums for data
integrity, port numbers for addressing different functions at the
source and destination, and encryption and authentication on the
selected data flows. The RAN node 211 and the S-GW 222 may utilize
an S1-U interface to exchange user plane data via a protocol stack
comprising the L1 layer 511, the L2 layer 512, the UDP/IP layer
603, and the GTP-U layer 604. The S-GW 222 and the P-GW 223 may
utilize an S5/S8a interface to exchange user plane data via a
protocol stack comprising the L1 layer 511, the L2 layer 512, the
UDP/IP layer 603, and the GTP-U layer 604. As discussed above with
respect to FIG. 5, NAS protocols support the mobility of the UE 201
and the session management procedures to establish and maintain IP
connectivity between the UE 201 and the P-GW 223.
[0089] FIG. 7 illustrates components of a core network in
accordance with some embodiments. The components of the EPC 220 may
be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes
including components to read and execute instructions from a
machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a
non-transitory machine-readable storage medium). In some
embodiments, Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is utilized to
virtualize any or all of the above described network node functions
via executable instructions stored in one or more computer readable
storage mediums (described in further detail below). A logical
instantiation of the EPC network 220 may be referred to as a
network slice 701. A logical instantiation of a portion of the EPC
network 220 may be referred to as a network sub-slice Y02 (e.g.,
the network sub-slice Y02 is shown to include the PGW 223 and the
PCRF 226).
[0090] FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating components, according
to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a
machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a
non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one
or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically, FIG. 8
shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources 800
including one or more processors (or processor cores) 810, one or
more memory/storage devices 820, and one or more communication
resources 830, each of which are communicatively coupled via a bus
840. For embodiments where node virtualization (e.g., NFV) is
utilized, a hypervisor 802 may be executed to provide an execution
environment for one or more network slices/sub-slices to utilize
the hardware resources 800
[0091] The processors 810 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a
reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex
instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing
unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP) such as a baseband
processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a
radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or
any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a
processor 812 and a processor 814. The memory/storage devices 820
may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination
thereof.
[0092] The communication resources 830 may include interconnection
and/or network interface components or other suitable devices to
communicate with one or more peripheral devices 804 and/or one or
more databases 806 via a network 808. For example, the
communication resources 830 may include wired communication
components (e.g., for coupling via a Universal Serial Bus (UBS)),
cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth.RTM.
components (e.g., Bluetooth.RTM. Low Energy), Wi-Fi.RTM.
components, and other communication components.
[0093] Instructions 850 may comprise software, a program, an
application, an applet, an app, or other executable code for
causing at least any of the processors 810 to perform any one or
more of the methodologies discussed herein. The instructions 850
may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the
processors 810 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), the
memory/storage devices 820, or any suitable combination thereof.
Furthermore, any portion of the instructions 850 may be transferred
to the hardware resources 800 from any combination of the
peripheral devices 804 and/or the databases 806. Accordingly, the
memory of processors 810, the memory/storage devices 820, the
peripheral devices 804, and the databases 806 are examples of
computer-readable and machine-readable media.
[0094] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate different transmission beam
techniques for use in a wireless system, in accordance with an
example. As illustrated in FIG. 9A, the Base Station (BS) or User
Equipment (UE) can include an antenna 910 that transmits an
omnidirectional beam 920. In one aspect, the BS and UE broadcast
omnidirectional signals on predetermined frequency channels. In
order to allow UEs to identify and communicate with separate BSs,
the BS for each cell can broadcast an omni-directional control
signal to each UE in the respective cell. The control channel can
contain various types of information for signal synchronization,
control and the like. As illustrated in FIG. 9B, the BS or UE can
include a plurality of antennas 930-936 that transmit a plurality
of directional beams 940-950. In one aspect, the BS and UE each use
a plurality of antennas to directionally transmit signals. For each
beam, a control channel signal can be transmitted by the BS for a
short time interval on a corresponding beam. The control channel
signal is periodically transmitted on corresponding ones of the
plurality of beams, such that the control channel signal sweeps
through the plurality of directional beams sequentially or in any
other beam sequence pattern. After a number of sweep cycles, each
UE in a cell can estimate from the pattern of received pulses one
or more downlink beams exhibiting the strongest signals received at
the UE. The UE can transmit the downlink beam information back to
the BS, which can use it to transmit to the UE using the one or
more downlink beams exhibiting the strongest signal strength
received at the UE. Furthermore, the UE can continue to monitor the
pattern of control beam pulses, and can notify the BS if the
strongest received downlink beam changes, which typically happens
as the UE move within a cell and/or between cells. Accordingly, the
cell can be divided into sectors corresponding to the plurality of
directional beams. The sectors corresponding to the directional
beams can be utilized for spatial division multiple access, along
with frequency division multiple access, time division multiple
access, and/or code division multiple access, to increase the
network capacity of cell.
[0095] FIG. 10 illustrates hybrid digital/analog beamforming for
use in a wireless system, in accordance with an example. In one
aspect, hybrid beamforming can be used in both the Base Station
(BS) and the UE. To initiate communication between the UE and the
BS, a beam can be selected. The selected beam can be referred to as
a current beam. The current beam may not be optimized for
communication between the UE and the BS. As illustrated, the UE can
use a current UE transmit beam 1010 to transmit one or more uplink
signals, and the BS can use a corresponding current Network (NW)
receive beam 1020 to receive the one or more uplink signals. Once
communication between the UE and BS is established, measurements of
the various beams can be performed and a candidate beam can be
selected. The candidate beam may be selected based on
transmit/receive power, path loss, interference levels, or other
desired channel quality indicators. To enable flexible scheduling
of resources, the UE can use a candidate UE transmit beam 1030 to
transmit the one or more uplink signals, and the BS can use a
candidate NW receive beam 1040 to receive the one or more uplink
signals. A good UE transmit beam and NW receive beam pair can
enhance the link budget.
[0096] Power control can be utilized for uplink communications to
control the interference-over-thermal noise (IoT) and the near-far
effect. FIG. 11 illustrates pathloss in a multi-beam system, in
accordance with an example. In the figure, the beam energy
difference, .DELTA..sub.i,j=P.sub.i-P.sub.j, observed from the top
six beams versus the Cumulative Distribution Function (C.D.F.) is
graphed, where P.sub.i denotes the beam energy of the selected beam
and P.sub.j denotes the beam energy in the jth highest energy beam.
As illustrated, the pathloss observed between different beams may
not be the same. FIG. 12 illustrates interference in a multi-beam
system, in accordance with an example. In the figure, the
Interference over Thermal noise (IoT) observed versus the
Cumulative Distribution Function (C.D.F.) is graphed for a number
of target receiving power P.sub.0 levels. As illustrated, the
interference observed from different beams may also be different
for different NW beams.
[0097] FIG. 13 illustrates a User Equipment (UE) transmit power
control method of a multi-beam system, in accordance with an
example. In one aspect, one or more power control factors of one or
more data channels and/or one or more control channels for
corresponding ones of a plurality of beams in a multi-beam system
can be sent from a Base Station (BS) to a UE 1310. For example, the
UE can decode the one or more power control factors for each of the
plurality of beams from higher level signaling received from a BS.
For instance, the UE can decode a resource block power (P.sub.0)
and path loss compensation factor (.alpha.) for a current transmit
beam, and a resource block power (P.sub.0) and path loss
compensation factor (.alpha.) for one or more candidate transmit
beams.
[0098] In one aspect, multiple power control settings can be used
for different transmission waveforms. For example, a first set of
one or more power control factors can be decoded for a first
waveform used for a first one of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams, and a second set of one or more power control
factors can be decoded for a second waveform used for a second one
of the plurality of uplink transmission beams. Therefore, a first
set of resource block power (P.sub.0) and path loss compensation
factor (.alpha.) settings can be used for Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM), and a different set of
resource block power (P.sub.0) and path loss compensation factor
(.alpha.) settings can be used for Discrete Fourier Transform
Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM)
waveform transmissions.
[0099] In one aspect, the higher level signaling may be encoded in
a System Information Block (SIB), a Master Information Block (MIB),
a Radio Resource Control (RRC), or a Media Access Control (MAC)
Control Element (CE). The configurations can include one or more of
the resource block power (P.sub.0) for the extended Physical Uplink
Shared Channel (xPUSCH), the resource block power (P.sub.0) for the
extended Physical Uplink Control Channel (xPUCCH), the path loss
compensation factor (.alpha.), a flag for accumulation, and a Beam
Reference Signal (BRS) index. The flag for accumulation can denote
whether the accumulation is enabled for Transmit Power Commands
(TPC). The BRS index can be used to indicate the Network (NW) beam
where the User Equipment (UE) can estimate the Path Loss (PL).
[0100] In a System Information Block (SIB) implementation,
different power control factors can be set. The different power
control factors can be transmitted by the SIB related channel with
transmit (Tx) beam sweeping, such as the enhanced Physical
Broadcast Channel (ePBCH). The beams in the SIB implementation can
be one-to-one mapped to the beams in the Beam Reference Signal
(BRS), so that the UE can determine the resource block power
(P.sub.0) for each beam after decoding the SIB. In one instance,
the scramble sequence for the SIB channel or the ePBCH can be
determined by the BRS.
[0101] In another option, the System Information Block (SIB) can
include the resource block power (P.sub.0) for each of the
plurality of beams. The configured resource block power (P.sub.0)
can be one-to-one mapped to the beams in the Beam Reference Signal
(BRS). The number of resource block power (P.sub.0) can be
determined by the period of beam reoccurrence in the BRS.
[0102] In yet another option, the BS can define multiple power
control processes, the size of which can be N. Each power control
process can have a different configuration of the resource block
power (P.sub.0). The Downlink Control Indicator (DCI), a power
control process indicator can be added, and the bit width for the
indicator can be log.sub.2 N.
[0103] In one aspect, the power control factor (P.sub.0) can be a
function of one or more of interference, thermal noise, a target
Signal Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), or the like, for each beam.
For example, the power control factor (P.sub.0) for a given beam
can be expressed according to Equation 1.
P.sub.0=.alpha.(SINR.sub.0+P.sub.NI)+(1-.alpha.)P.sub.max (1)
where SINR.sub.0 denotes a target SINR, P.sub.NI indicates the
noise and interference power in one resource block (RB), and
P.sub.max is the maximum transmit power that can be configured by
higher layers or based on the physical hardware. In another
example, the power control factor (P.sub.0) can be expressed
according to Equation 2.
P.sub.0=SINR.sub.0+P.sub.NI (2)
[0104] In one aspect, a path loss (PL) for the corresponding ones
of the plurality of uplink transmission beams can be estimated
1320, as depicted in FIG. 13. For example, the UE can estimate the
path loss (PL) based on a Reference Symbol Received Power (RSRP)
received from the base station on each of the plurality of NW beams
of the NW-UE beam pairs. For instance, the UE can estimate the path
loss (PL) on the current UE beam from the Reference Signal (R.sub.0
or the combination of R.sub.0 and R.sub.1) received on the downlink
of the current NW-UE beam pair, and the path loss (PL) on the
candidate UE beam from the Reference Signal received on the
downlink of the candidate NW-UE beam pair.
[0105] In one aspect, a transmission power level (P.sub.tx) can be
determined for one or more of the plurality of UE uplink
transmission beams as a function of the one or more decoded power
control factors and the measured path loss for corresponding ones
of the plurality of the plurality of uplink transmission beams
1330. For example, the UE can estimate the power spectral density
(PSD.sub.tx) for the j.sup.th uplink transmission beam according to
Equation 3.
PSD.sub.tx(j)=min{P.sub.0(j)+.alpha..sub.jPL.sub.j,P.sub.max,PSD}
(3)
where PL is the pathloss for the j.sup.th uplink transmission beam
and P.sub.max,PSD indicates the maximum PSD. In another example,
the UE can estimate the transmit power (P.sub.tx) for the j.sup.th
uplink transmission beam according to Equation 4.
P.sub.tx(j)=min{P.sub.0(j)+10log(M)+.alpha..sub.jPL.sub.j,P.sub.max}
(4)
Where M is the number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRB), and
P.sub.max is the maximum transmission power for a PRB.
[0106] In one aspect, one or more based band circuitry, one or more
Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry and/or one or more front end module
(FEM) circuitry can be configured to transmit on one or more of the
plurality of uplink transmission beams based on the determined
transmission power for corresponding ones of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams 1340. For example, a memory interface of
the UE can store an indicator of the determined transmission power
for each of the plurality of uplink transmission beams in a memory.
The one or more based band circuitry, one or more Radio Frequency
(RF) circuitry and/or one or more front end module (FEM) circuitry
can be configured to transmit on one or more of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams based on the indicator of the determined
transmission power for each of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams stored in the memory. The determined transmission power can
be used for an Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) portion of a Transmit
Power Control (TPC) that includes an Open Loop Power Control (OLPC)
scheme and a Closed Loop Power Control (CLPC) scheme.
[0107] FIG. 14 illustrates a User Equipment (UE) transmit power
control method of a multi-beam system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, one or more power control factors common
for a plurality of beams in a multi-beam system can be sent from a
Base Station (BS) to a UE 1410. For example, the UE can decode a
resource block power (P'.sub.0) and path loss compensation factor
(.alpha.) for both a current transmit beam and a candidate transmit
beam. The common configuration resource block power (P'.sub.0) and
path loss compensation factor (.alpha.) can be decoded from higher
level signaling received from a base station.
[0108] In one aspect, multiple power control setting can be used
for different transmission waveforms. For example, a first set of
one or more power control factors can be decoded for a first
waveform used for a first one of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams, and a second set of one or more power control
factor can be decoded for a second waveform used for a second one
of the plurality of uplink transmission beams. Therefore, a first
set of resource block power (P.sub.0) and path loss compensation
factor (.alpha.) settings can be used for Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM), and a different set of
resource block power (P.sub.0) and path loss compensation factor
(.alpha.) settings can be used for Discrete Fourier Transform
Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM)
waveform transmissions.
[0109] In one aspect, the higher level signaling may be encoded in
a System Information Block (SIB), a Master Information Block (MIB),
Radio Resource Control (RRC), or Media Access Control (MAC) Control
Element (CE). The configuration can include one or more of the
common resource block power (P'.sub.0) for the extended Physical
Uplink Shared Channel (xPUSCH), the common resource block power
(P'.sub.0) for the extended Physical Uplink Control Channel
(xPUCCH), the path loss compensation factor (.alpha.), a flag for
accumulation, and a Beam Reference Signal (BRS) index. The flag for
accumulation can denote whether the accumulation is enabled for
Transmit Power Commands (TPC). The BRS index can be used to
indicate the Network (NW) beam where the User Equipment (UE) can
estimate the Path Loss (PL).
[0110] In one aspect, the power control factor (P.sub.0) can be a
function of one or more of interference, thermal noise, target
Signal Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), or the like, for each beam.
For example, the common configuration power control factor
(P'.sub.0) can be expressed according to Equation 5.
P'.sub.0=.alpha.(SINR.sub.0+P.sub.NI)+(1-.alpha.)P.sub.max (5)
In another example, the common power control factor (P'.sub.0) can
be expressed according to Equation 6.
P'.sub.0=SINR.sub.0+P.sub.NI (6)
[0111] In one aspect, one or more offset power control factors for
each of the plurality of beams can be sent from the base station to
the UE 1420. For example, the UE can decode an offset resource
block power (.DELTA.) for a current transmit beam, and an offset
resource block power (.DELTA.) for a candidate transmit beam. The
configuration can include one or more of the offset resource block
power (.DELTA.) for an extended Sounding Reference Signal (xSRS),
the offset resource block power (.DELTA.) for different extended
Physical Uplink Control Channel (xPUCCH) formats, and the offset
resource block power (.DELTA.) for different Modulation and Coding
Schemes (MCS). The offset resource block power (.DELTA.) for an
xSRS can denote the targeting receive (Rx) power offset between the
xSRS and the extended Physical Uplink Shared Channel (xPUSCH). The
offset resource block power (.DELTA.) for different extended
Physical Uplink Control Channel (xPUCCH) formats can denote the
targeting receive (Rx) power offset amount different xPUCCH formats
based on the (P'.sub.0) for xPUCCH. The offset resource block power
(.DELTA.) for different Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) can
denote the targeting receive (Rx) power offset among different MCSs
based on (P'.sub.0) for xPUSCH.
[0112] In one aspect, offset resource block power (.DELTA.) can be
a function of a difference in resource block power (P.sub.0) for
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission beams.
In one aspect, the range of a given power control factor for the
plurality of uplink transmission beams may be relatively small.
Accordingly, transmission of a common power control factor and a
plurality of offset resource power control factors may be
represented by less bits of data than transmission of a plurality
of power control factors. Therefore, use of offset resource power
control factors may reduce signaling overhead of Uplink (UL) beam
the power control method.
[0113] In one aspect, a path loss (PL) for each of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams can be estimated 1430. For example, the
UE can estimate the path loss (PL) based on a Reference Symbol
Received Power (RSRP) received from the base station on each of the
plurality of NW beams of the NW-UE beam pairs. For instance, the UE
can estimate the path loss (PL) on the current UE beam from the
Reference Signal (R.sub.0 or the combination of R.sub.0 and
R.sub.1) received on the downlink of the current NW-UE beam pair,
and the path loss (PL) on the candidate UE beam from the Reference
Signal received on the downlink of the candidate NW-UE beam
pair.
[0114] In one aspect, a transmission power level (P.sub.tx) can be
determined for each of the plurality of UE uplink transmission
beams as a function of the decoded common power control factors,
the offset resource power control factors for each of the plurality
of uplink transmission beams, and the estimated path loss for each
of the plurality of the plurality of uplink transmission beams
1440. For example, the UE can estimate the power spectral density
(PSD.sub.tx) for the j.sup.th uplink transmission beam according to
Equation 7.
PSD.sub.tx(j)=min{P'.sub.0(j)+.DELTA..sub.j+.alpha..sub.jPL.sub.j,P.sub.-
max,PSD} (7)
In another example, the UE can estimate the transmit power
(P.sub.tx) for the j.sup.th uplink transmission beam according to
Equation 8.
P.sub.tx(j)=min{P'.sub.0(j)+.DELTA..sub.j+10log(M)+.alpha..sub.jPL.sub.j-
,P.sub.max} (8)
[0115] In one aspect, one or more based band circuitry, one or more
Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry and/or one or more front end module
(FEM) circuitry can be configured to transmit on one or more of the
plurality of uplink transmission beams based on the determined
transmission power for each respective one of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams 1450. For example, a memory interface of
the UE can store an indicator of the determined transmission power
for each of the plurality of uplink transmission beams in a memory.
The one or more based band circuitry, one or more Radio Frequency
(RF) circuitry and/or one or more front end module (FEM) circuitry
can be configured to transmit on one or more of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams based on the indicator of the determined
transmission power for each of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams stored in the memory. The determined transmission power can
be used for an Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) portion of a Transmit
Power Control (TPC) that includes an Open Loop Power Control (OLPC)
scheme and a Closed Loop Power Control (CLPC) scheme.
[0116] FIG. 15 illustrates a User Equipment (UE) transmit power
control method of a multi-beam system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, a power control process can be indicated by
an uplink grant for an extended Physical Uplink Shared Channel
(xPUSCH) and an extended Sounding Reference Signal (xSRS). For
example, the Base Station (BS) can transmit a configuration for a
first power control process (PC0) to the UE 1510. The BS can also
transmit an UL grant for the first power control process (PC0) to
the UE 1520. The UE can transmit on the extended Physical Uplink
Shared Channel (xPUSCH)/Sounding Reference Signal (xSRS) based on
the configured power control factors in the first power control
process (PC0) 1530. For the extended Physical Uplink Control
Channel (xPUCCH), the power control process can be indicated by a
downlink assignment. For example, the BS can transmit a downlink
assignment including a second power control process (PC1) 1540. The
UE can transmit to the BS a feedback acknowledgement/negative
acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) in an extended Physical Uplink Control
Channel (xPUCCH) with the power control factors in the first power
control process (PC0) 1550. In one aspect, when a new power control
process is established or the power control process gets
reconfigured an accumulation flag should be reset.
[0117] In another aspect, the Beam Reference Signal (BRS) index can
be indicated in the Downlink Control Information (DCI). The UE
transmit (Tx) beam index can be indicated in the Downlink Control
Information (DCI), as the beam energy could change if different UE
beams are applied. The UE transmit (Tx) beam index can be
determined by the latest UE transmit (Tx) beam training signal,
such as the extended Physical Random Access Channel (xPRACH) or the
extended Sounding Reference Signal (xSRS). The beam index can
indicate one or more beams carried by the (BRS, Beam Refinement
Reference Signal (BRRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal
(CSI-RS), or the like. Which signal that is being indicated can be
configured by a higher layer signaling.
[0118] In another aspect, different power control settings can be
used for different modulations techniques. For example, the UE can
decode a first set of different resource block powers (P.sub.0) and
path loss compensation factors (.alpha.) for corresponding ones of
a plurality of beams for transmission using Cyclic Prefix
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM), and a second
set of different resource block powers (P.sub.0) and path loss
compensation factors (.alpha.) for corresponding ones of a
plurality of beams for transmission using Discrete Fourier
Transform spread orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(DFT-S-OFDM). In another example, the UE can decode a set of
different resource block powers (P.sub.0) and path loss
compensation factors (.alpha.) for corresponding ones of a
plurality of beams for transmission using Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM), and a common resource
block power (P.sub.0) and path loss compensation factor (.alpha.)
with different offset resource block powers (.DELTA.) for
corresponding ones of the plurality of beams for transmission using
Discrete Fourier Transform spread orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM).
[0119] FIG. 16 illustrates a User Equipment (UE) Beam Management
(BM) transmit power control method of a multi-beam system, in
accordance with an example. In one aspect, one or more power
control factors of one or more Beam Management Signals (BMS) can be
sent from a Base Station to a UE 1610. For example, the UE can
decode the one or more power control factors from higher level
signaling received from a BS. For instance, the UE can decode a
resource block power (P.sub.0) and path loss compensation factor
(.alpha.) for a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), a Sounding
Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH),
or other beam sweeping control signals. The one or more power
control factors can be configured independently for different Beam
Management Signals (BMS).
[0120] In one aspect, the power control factor (P.sub.0) can be a
function of one or more of interference, thermal noise, target
Signal Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), or the like, for each beam.
For example, the power control factor (P.sub.0) can be expressed
according to Equation 1.
P.sub.0=.alpha.(SINR.sub.0+P.sub.NI)+(1-.alpha.)P.sub.max (1)
where SINR.sub.0 denotes a target Signal Interference Noise Ratio
(SINR), and P.sub.NI indicates the noise and interference power in
one resource block (RB). In another example, the power control
factor (P.sub.0) can be expressed according to Equation 2.
P.sub.0=SINR.sub.0+P.sub.NI (2)
[0121] In one aspect, a path loss (PL) for each of the plurality of
Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS) can be estimated 1620. For
example, the path loss (PL) measurement can be performed based on
the measurement of the Downlink Beam Measurement Reference Signal
(DL BM RS) over multiple repetitions for each of a plurality of
beam pair links using a common downlink transmit power.
[0122] In one aspect, a k.sup.th least path loss (PL.sub.k.sub.th)
for the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS) can be
determined 1630. For example, the least (e.g., k=1) path loss
(PL.sub.1.sub.th) of the plurality of beams can be determined. In
another example, the second (e.g., k=2) or third least (e.g., k=3)
path loss of the plurality of beams can be determined. The k.sup.th
least path loss (PL.sub.k.sub.th) can correspond to the k.sup.th
best DL beam. As illustrated in FIG. 17, the path loss
(PL.sub.k.sub.th) is determined from the one of the plurality of
Downlink Beam Management Signals (DL BMS) having the K.sup.th best
DL beam signal strength received at the UE, where DL BMS indicates
the DL reference signal used for beam management, such as CSI-RS
for beam management, synchronization signal block (SS-block).
[0123] In one aspect, a transmission power level (P.sub.tx) can be
determined for each of the plurality of UE Uplink Beam Management
Signal (UL BMS) transmission (Tx) beams as a function of the one or
more decoded power control factors and the determined k.sup.th
least path loss (PL.sub.k.sub.th) of the Downlink Beam Measurement
Reference Signal (DL BM RS) 1640. For example, the UE can estimate
the power spectral density (PSD.sub.tx) for the plurality of uplink
beam measurement signal (UL BMS) transmission power according to
Equation 9.
PSD.sub.tx(j)=min(P.sub.max,P.sub.0+.alpha.PL.sub.k.sub.th) (9)
In another example, a power control offset ({circumflex over
(.DELTA.)}) can be used to increase the transmit power so that the
Base Station (BS) can receive more Beam Management Signals (BMS).
The UE can estimate the transmit power (P.sub.tx) for the uplink
beam management signal transmission beam with the power control
offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}) can be calculated according to
Equation 10.
PSD.sub.tx(j)=min(P.sub.max,P.sub.0+.alpha.PL.sub.k.sub.th+{circumflex
over (.DELTA.)}) (10)
The power control offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}) can be
pre-defined or configured by a high layer signaling, or by Downlink
Control Information (DCI). In another example, the power control
offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}) can be can be split into two
parts, wherein a first part ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.r) can
be configured by a high layer signaling and the second part
({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.d) can be configured by Downlink
Control Information (DCI). In such case, the UE can estimate the
transmit power (P.sub.tx) for the uplink beam management signal
transmission beam according to Equation 11.
PSD.sub.tx(j)=min(P.sub.max,P.sub.0+.alpha.PL+{circumflex over
(.DELTA.)}.sub.r+{circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.d) (11)
[0124] In one aspect, one or more based band circuitry, one or more
Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry and/or one or more front end module
(FEM) circuitry can be configured to transmit an Uplink Beam
Management Signal (UL BMS) on one or more of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams based on the determined transmission
power 1650. The beam management signal can be a Physical Random
Access Channel (PRACH), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Physical
Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), or other signal where beam sweeping
can be applied. For example, a memory interface of the UE can store
an indicator of the determined UL BMS transmission (Tx) power for
each of the plurality of uplink transmission beams in a memory. The
one or more based band circuitry, one or more Radio Frequency (RF)
circuitry and/or one or more front end module (FEM) circuitry can
be configured to transmit on one or more of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams based on the indicator of the determined
transmission power for each of the plurality of UL BMS stored in
the memory. As illustrated in FIG. 17, the determined transmission
power is used for transmission on the plurality of UL BMS.
[0125] FIG. 18 illustrates a User Equipment (UE) Beam Management
(BM) transmit power control method of a multi-beam system, in
accordance with an example. In one aspect, one or more power
control factors of one or more Beam Management
[0126] Signals (BMS) can be sent from a Base Station (BS) to a UE
1810. For example, the UE can decode the one or more power control
factors from higher level signaling received from a base station.
For instance, the UE can decode a resource block power (P.sub.0)
and path loss compensation factor (.alpha.) for a Physical Random
Access Channel (PRACH), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a
Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), or other beam sweeping
control signals. The one or more power control factors can be
configured independently for different Beam Management Signals
(BMS).
[0127] In one aspect, the power control factor (P.sub.0) can be a
function of one or more of interference, thermal noise, target
Signal Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), or the like, for each beam.
For example, the power control factor (P.sub.0) can be expressed
according to Equation 1.
P.sub.0=.alpha.(SINR.sub.0+P.sub.NI)+(1-.alpha.)P.sub.max (1)
where SINR.sub.0 denotes a target Signal Interference Noise Ratio
(SINR), and P.sub.NI indicates the noise and interference power in
one resource block (RB). In another example, the power control
factor (P.sub.0) can be expressed according to Equation 2.
P.sub.0=SINR.sub.0+P.sub.NI (2)
[0128] In one aspect, a path loss (PL) for each of the plurality of
Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS) or a subset of PLs of the
plurality of UL BMSs can be estimated 1820. For example, the path
loss (PL) measurement can be performed based on the measurement of
the Downlink Beam Measurement Reference Signal (DL BM RS) over
multiple repetitions for each of a plurality of beam pair links
using a common downlink transmit power. In one instance, the subset
of path losses (PL) the plurality of UL BMSs can be estimated from
a pre-defined subset of DL BM RS. In another instance, the subset
of DL BM RS can be configured by a higher layer signaling. In yet
another instance, the subset of DL BM RS can be configured by
Downlink Control Information (DCI). In yet another instance, the
subset of DL BM RS can be a predetermined number of highest power
level Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP). As illustrated in
FIG. 19, the path loss is determined from a subset of the plurality
of Downlink Beam Management Signals (DL BMS)
[0129] In one aspect, a mean, median, or mode path loss (PL) for
the subset of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL
BMS) can be determined 1830. For example, the average path loss
(PL) of a predetermined subset of the plurality of beams can be
determined. In another example, the median path loss (PL) of a
configured subset of the plurality of beams can be determined.
[0130] In one aspect, a transmission power level (P.sub.tx) can be
determined for each of the plurality of UE Uplink Beam Management
Signal (UL BMS) transmission (Tx) beams as a function of the one or
more decoded power control factors and the determined mean, median,
or mode path loss (PL) 1840. For example, the UE can estimate the
power spectral density (PSD.sub.tx) for the plurality of uplink
beam measurement signal (UL BMS) transmission power according to
Equation 9.
PSD.sub.tx(j)=min(P.sub.max,P.sub.0+.alpha.PL) (9)
In another example, a power control offset (.DELTA.) can be used to
increase the transmit power so that the Base Station (BS) can
receive more Beam Management Signals (BMS). The UE can estimate the
transmit power (P.sub.tx) for the uplink beam management signal
transmission beam with the power control offset (.DELTA.) can be
calculated according to Equation 10.
PSD.sub.tx(j)=min(P.sub.max,P.sub.0+.alpha.PL+{circumflex over
(.DELTA.)}) (10)
The power control offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}) can be
pre-defined or configured by a high layer signaling, or by Downlink
Control Information (DC). In another example, the power control
offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}) can be can be split into two
parts, wherein a first part ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.r) can
be configured by a high layer signaling and the second part
({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.d) can be configured by Downlink
Control Information (DC). In such case, the UE can estimate the
transmit power (P.sub.tx) for the uplink beam management signal
transmission beam according to Equation 11.
PSD.sub.tx(j)=min(P.sub.max,P.sub.0+.alpha.PL+{circumflex over
(.DELTA.)}.sub.r+{circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.d) (11)
[0131] In one aspect, one or more based band circuitry, one or more
Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry and/or one or more front end module
(FEM) circuitry can be configured to transmit an Uplink Beam
Management Signal (UL BMS) on one or more of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams based on the determined transmission
power 1850. The beam management signal can be a Physical Random
Access Channel (PRACH), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Physical
Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), or other signal where beam sweeping
can be applied. For example, a memory interface of the UE can store
an indicator of the determined Uplink Beam Management Signal (UL
BMS) transmission (Tx) power for each of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams in a memory. The one or more based band
circuitry, one or more Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry and/or one or
more front end module (FEM) circuitry can be configured to transmit
on one or more of the plurality of uplink transmission beams based
on the indicator of the determined transmission power for each of
the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signal (UL BMS) stored in
the memory. As illustrated in FIG. 19, the determined transmission
power is used for transmission on the plurality of UL BMS and the
pathloss is calculated by averaging the pathloss from a sub-set of
beams.
[0132] In one aspect, the transmit power control techniques can
advantageously reduce, intra-cell interference, inter-cell
interference, interference over thermal noise, the near-far effect,
and the like. Accordingly, the transmit power control techniques
can advantageously increase the link budget on the network.
EXAMPLES
[0133] The following examples pertain to specific technology
embodiments and point out specific features or elements that may be
used or otherwise combined in achieving such embodiments.
[0134] Embodiment 1 includes an apparatus of a user equipment (UE)
operable to configure uplink transmission power in a multi-beam
system, the UE comprising: one or more processors configured to,
decode, at the UE, higher level signaling received from a Base
Station (BS) including one or more power control factors for
corresponding ones of a plurality of uplink transmission beams;
estimate, at the UE, a path loss for corresponding ones of the
plurality of uplink transmission beams; and determine, at the UE, a
transmission power of one or more of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams as a function of the one or more decoded power
control factors and the estimated path loss of the corresponding
ones of the plurality of uplink transmission beams; and a memory
interface configured to send to a memory one or more indicators of
the determined transmission power of the corresponding ones of the
plurality of uplink transmission beams.
[0135] Embodiment 2 includes the apparatus of embodiment 1, wherein
the one or more processors are further configured to encode an
uplink signal for transmission on one or more of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams based on the determined transmission
power of the corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
[0136] Embodiment 3 includes the apparatus of embodiments 1 or 2,
wherein the determined transmission power can be used for an Open
Loop Power Control (OLPC) portion of a Transmit Power Control
(TPC).
[0137] Embodiment 4 includes the apparatus of embodiment 1, wherein
the one or more power control factors includes a resource block
power (P.sub.0) for each of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0138] Embodiment 5 includes the apparatus of embodiment 4, wherein
the resource block power (P.sub.0) is a function of one or more of
an interference, a thermal noise and a target signal interference
noise ratio for each of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0139] Embodiment 6 includes the apparatus of embodiment 4, wherein
the one or more power control factors includes a path loss
compensation factor (.alpha.) for each of a plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
[0140] Embodiment 7 includes the apparatus of embodiment 1, wherein
a first set of one or more power control factors are decoded for a
first waveform used for a first one of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams, and a second set of one or more power control
factor are decoded for a second waveform used for a second one of
the plurality of uplink transmission beams.
[0141] Embodiment 8 includes the apparatus of embodiment 1, wherein
the higher level signaling includes one or more of a System
Information Block (SIB), a Master Information Block (MIB), a Radio
Resource Control (RRC), or a Media Access Control (MAC) Control
Element (CE).
[0142] Embodiment 9 includes the apparatus of embodiments 1, 2, 4,
7 or 8, wherein the transmission power of the one or more of the
plurality of uplink transmission beams are each determined
independently based on one or more of a target receive power, a
path loss compensation factor (.alpha.), a power offsets and an
accumulation flag, for one or more uplink data channels and uplink
control channels.
[0143] Embodiment 10 includes an apparatus of a user equipment (UE)
operable to configure uplink transmission power in a multi-beam
system, the UE comprising: one or more processors configured to,
decode, at the UE, higher level signaling received from a Base
Station (BS) including one or more power control factors common for
a plurality of uplink transmission beams; decode, at the UE, higher
level signaling received from the base station including one or
more offset power control factors for corresponding ones of a
plurality of uplink transmission beams; estimate, at the UE, a path
loss for corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams; and determine, at the UE, a transmission power of one or
more of the plurality of uplink transmission beams as a function of
the decoded common power control factor, the offset power control
factors for corresponding ones of a plurality of uplink
transmission beams, and the estimated path loss of the
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission beams;
and a memory interface configured to send to a memory one or more
indicators of the determined transmission power of the
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0144] Embodiment 11 includes the apparatus of embodiment 10,
wherein the one or more processors are further configured to
transmit on one or more of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams based on the determined transmission power of the
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0145] Embodiment 12 includes the apparatus of embodiment 10,
wherein the common power control factors include a common resource
block power (P.sub.0) for the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0146] Embodiment 13 includes the apparatus of embodiment 12,
wherein the one or more offset power control factors for
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission beams
are a function of a difference in resource block power (P.sub.0)
for corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0147] Embodiment 14 includes the apparatus of embodiment 12,
wherein the resource block power (P.sub.0) is a function of one or
more of an interference, a thermal noise and a target signal
interference noise ratio for the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0148] Embodiment 15 includes the apparatus of embodiment 12,
wherein the common power control factor includes a path loss
compensation factor (.alpha.) for the plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
[0149] Embodiment 16 includes the apparatus of embodiment 10,
wherein a first set of one or more power control factors are
decoded for a first waveform used for a first one of the plurality
of uplink transmission beams, and a second set of one or more power
control factor are decoded for a second waveform used for a second
one of the plurality of uplink transmission beams.
[0150] Embodiment 17 includes the apparatus of embodiment 10,
wherein the higher level signaling includes one or more of a System
Information Block (SIB), a Master Information Block (MIB), a Radio
Resource Control (RRC), or a Media Access Control (MAC) Control
Element (CE).
[0151] Embodiment 18 includes the apparatus of embodiments 10, 11,
12, 16 or 17, wherein the transmission power of the one or more of
the plurality of uplink transmission beams are each determined
independently based on one or more of a target receive power, a
path loss compensation factor (.alpha.), a power offsets and an
accumulation flag, for one or more uplink data channels and uplink
control channels.
[0152] Embodiment 19 includes an apparatus of a user equipment (UE)
operable to configure uplink transmission power in a multi-beam
system, the UE comprising: one or more processors configured to,
decode, at the UE, higher level signaling received from a Base
Station (BS) including one or more power control factors of a
plurality of Beam Management Signals (BMS); estimate, at the UE, a
path loss for corresponding ones of the plurality of Beam
Management Signals (BMS); determine, at the UE, a k.sup.th least
path loss (PL.sub.k.sub.th) for the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS); and determine, at the UE, a
transmission power of corresponding ones of the plurality of Uplink
Beam Management Signals (UL BMS) as a function of the one or more
decoded power control factors and the determined k.sup.th least
path loss (PL.sub.k.sub.th) of the Downlink Beam Measurement
Reference Signal (DL BM RS); and a memory interface configured to
send to a memory one or more indicators of the determined
transmission power of the corresponding ones of the plurality of
Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS).
[0153] Embodiment 20 includes the apparatus of embodiment 19,
wherein one or more power control factors can be configured
independently for different Beam Management Signals (BMS).
[0154] Embodiment 21 includes the apparatus of embodiment 19,
wherein the resource block power (P.sub.0) is a function of one or
more of an interference, a thermal noise and a target signal
interference noise ratio for each of the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS).
[0155] Embodiment 22 includes the apparatus of embodiment 19,
wherein the transmission power is further determined as a function
of a power control offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}).
[0156] Embodiment 23 includes the apparatus of embodiment 19,
wherein the transmission power is further determined as a function
of a first power control offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.r)
configured by higher level signaling and a second power control
offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.d) configured by Downlink
Control Information (DCI).
[0157] Embodiment 24 includes the apparatus of embodiments 19-22 or
23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to
transmit on one or more of the of the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS) based on the determined transmission
power of the corresponding ones of the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS).
[0158] Embodiment 25 includes the apparatus of embodiment 19,
wherein the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS)
includes a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), a Sounding
Reference Signal (SRS), or Physical Uplink Control Channel
(PUCCH).
[0159] Embodiment 26 includes an apparatus of a user equipment (UE)
operable to configure uplink transmission power in a multi-beam
system, the UE comprising: one or more processors configured to,
decode, at the UE, higher level signaling received from a Base
Station (BS) including one or more power control factors of a
plurality of Beam Management Signals (BMS); estimate, at the UE, a
path loss for a set of the plurality of Beam Management Signals
(BMS); determine, at the UE, a mean, median, mode or filtered path
loss for the set of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals
(UL BMS); and determine, at the UE, a transmission power of
corresponding ones of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management
Signals (UL BMS) as a function of the one or more decoded power
control factors and the determined mean, median, mode or filtered
path loss of the Downlink Beam Measurement Reference Signal (DL BM
RS); and a memory interface configured to send to a memory one or
more indicators of the determined transmission power of the
corresponding ones of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management
Signals (UL BMS).
[0160] Embodiment 27 includes the apparatus of embodiment 26,
wherein one or more power control factors can be configured
independently for different Beam Management Signals (BMS).
[0161] Embodiment 28 includes the apparatus of embodiment 26,
wherein the resource block power (P.sub.0) is a function of one or
more of an interference, a thermal noise and a target signal
interference noise ratio for each of the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS).
[0162] Embodiment 29 includes the apparatus of embodiment 26,
wherein the transmission power is further determined as a function
of a power control offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}).
[0163] Embodiment 30 includes the apparatus of embodiment 26,
wherein the transmission power is further determined as a function
of a first power control offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.r)
configured by higher level signaling and a second power control
offset ({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.d) configured by Downlink
Control Information (DCI).
[0164] Embodiment 31 includes the apparatus of embodiments 26-29 or
30, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to
transmit on one or more of the of the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS) based on the determined transmission
power of the corresponding ones of the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS).
[0165] Embodiment 32 includes the apparatus of embodiment 26,
wherein the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS)
includes a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), a Sounding
Reference Signal (SRS), or Physical Uplink Control Channel
(PUCCH).
[0166] Embodiment 33 includes an apparatus of a user equipment (UE)
operable to configure uplink transmission power in a multi-beam
system comprising: a means for decoding higher level signaling
received from a Base Station (BS) including one or more power
control factors for corresponding ones of a plurality of uplink
transmission beams; a means for estimating a path loss for
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission beams;
and a means for determine a transmission power of one or more of
the plurality of uplink transmission beams as a function of the one
or more decoded power control factors and the estimated path loss
of the corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0167] Embodiment 34 includes the apparatus of embodiment 33,
further comprising a means for encoding an uplink signal for
transmission on one or more of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams based on the determined transmission power of the
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0168] Embodiment 35 includes the apparatus of embodiments 33 or
34, wherein the determined transmission power can be used for an
Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) portion of a Transmit Power Control
(TPC).
[0169] Embodiment 36 includes the apparatus of embodiment 33,
wherein the one or more power control factors includes a resource
block power (P.sub.0) for each of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
[0170] Embodiment 37 includes the apparatus of embodiment 36,
wherein the resource block power (P.sub.0) is a function of one or
more of an interference, a thermal noise and a target signal
interference noise ratio for each of the plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
[0171] Embodiment 38 includes the apparatus of embodiment 36,
wherein the one or more power control factors includes a path loss
compensation factor (.alpha.) for each of a plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
[0172] Embodiment 39 includes the apparatus of embodiment 33,
wherein a first set of one or more power control factors are
decoded for a first waveform used for a first one of the plurality
of uplink transmission beams, and a second set of one or more power
control factor are decoded for a second waveform used for a second
one of the plurality of uplink transmission beams.
[0173] Embodiment 40 includes the apparatus of embodiment 33,
wherein the higher level signaling includes one or more of a System
Information Block (SIB), a Master Information Block (MIB), a Radio
Resource Control (RRC), or a Media Access Control (MAC) Control
Element (CE).
[0174] Embodiment 41 includes the apparatus of embodiments 33, 34,
36, 39 or 40, wherein the transmission power of the one or more of
the plurality of uplink transmission beams are each determined
independently based on one or more of a target receive power, a
path loss compensation factor (.alpha.), a power offsets and an
accumulation flag, for one or more uplink data channels and uplink
control channels.
[0175] Embodiment 42 includes an apparatus of a user equipment (UE)
operable to configure uplink transmission power in a multi-beam
system comprising: a means for decoding, at the UE, higher level
signaling received from a Base Station (BS) including one or more
power control factors common for a plurality of uplink transmission
beams; a means for decoding, at the UE, higher level signaling
received from the base station including one or more offset power
control factors for corresponding ones of a plurality of uplink
transmission beams; a means for estimating, at the UE, a path loss
for corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams; and a means for determining, at the UE, a transmission power
of one or more of the plurality of uplink transmission beams as a
function of the decoded common power control factor, the offset
power control factors for corresponding ones of a plurality of
uplink transmission beams, and the estimated path loss of the
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0176] Embodiment 43 includes the apparatus of embodiment 42,
further comprising a means for transmitting on one or more of the
plurality of uplink transmission beams based on the determined
transmission power of the corresponding ones of the plurality of
uplink transmission beams.
[0177] Embodiment 44 includes the apparatus of embodiment 42,
wherein the common power control factors include a common resource
block power (P.sub.0) for the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0178] Embodiment 45 includes the apparatus of embodiment 44,
wherein the one or more offset power control factors for
corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission beams
are a function of a difference in resource block power (P.sub.0)
for corresponding ones of the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0179] Embodiment 46 includes the apparatus of embodiment 44,
wherein the resource block power (P.sub.0) is a function of one or
more of an interference, a thermal noise and a target signal
interference noise ratio for the plurality of uplink transmission
beams.
[0180] Embodiment 47 includes the apparatus of embodiment 44,
wherein the common power control factor includes a path loss
compensation factor (.alpha.) for the plurality of uplink
transmission beams.
[0181] Embodiment 48 includes the apparatus of embodiment 42,
wherein a first set of one or more power control factors are
decoded for a first waveform used for a first one of the plurality
of uplink transmission beams, and a second set of one or more power
control factor are decoded for a second waveform used for a second
one of the plurality of uplink transmission beams.
[0182] Embodiment 49 includes the apparatus of embodiment 42,
wherein the higher level signaling includes one or more of a System
Information Block (SIB), a Master Information Block (MIB), a Radio
Resource Control (RRC), or a Media Access Control (MAC) Control
Element (CE).
[0183] Embodiment 50 includes the apparatus of embodiments 42, 43,
44, 48 or 49, wherein the transmission power of the one or more of
the plurality of uplink transmission beams are each determined
independently based on one or more of a target receive power, a
path loss compensation factor (.alpha.), a power offsets and an
accumulation flag, for one or more uplink data channels and uplink
control channels.
[0184] Embodiment 51 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium having instructions embodied thereon that when executed
perform a process of configuring uplink transmission power in a
multi-beam system at a User Equipment (UE) comprising: decoding
higher level signaling received from a Base Station (BS) including
one or more power control factors of a plurality of Beam Management
Signals (BMS); estimating a path loss for corresponding ones of the
plurality of Beam Management Signals (BMS); determining a k.sup.th
least path loss (PL.sub.k.sub.th) for the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS); and determining a transmission power
of corresponding ones of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management
Signals (UL BMS) as a function of the one or more decoded power
control factors and the determined k.sup.th least path loss
(PL.sub.k.sub.th) of the Downlink Beam Measurement Reference Signal
(DL BM RS).
[0185] Embodiment 52 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiment 51, wherein one or more power control factors
can be configured independently for different Beam Management
Signals (BMS).
[0186] Embodiment 53 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiment 51, wherein the resource block power (P.sub.0)
is a function of one or more of an interference, a thermal noise
and a target signal interference noise ratio for each of the
plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS).
[0187] Embodiment 54 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiment 51, wherein the transmission power is further
determined as a function of a power control offset ({circumflex
over (.DELTA.)}).
[0188] Embodiment 55 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiment 51, wherein the transmission power is further
determined as a function of a first power control offset
({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.r) configured by higher level
signaling and a second power control offset ({circumflex over
(.DELTA.)}.sub.d) configured by Downlink Control Information
(DCI).
[0189] Embodiment 56 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiments 51-54 or 55, wherein the one or more
processors are further configured to transmit on one or more of the
of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS) based
on the determined transmission power of the corresponding ones of
the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS).
[0190] Embodiment 57 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiment 51, wherein the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS) includes a Physical Random Access
Channel (PRACH), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), or Physical
Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).
[0191] Embodiment 58 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium having instructions embodied thereon that when executed
perform a process of configuring uplink transmission power in a
multi-beam system at a User Equipment (UE) comprising: decoding
higher level signaling received from a Base Station (BS) including
one or more power control factors of a plurality of Beam Management
Signals (BMS); estimating a path loss for a set of the plurality of
Beam Management Signals (BMS); determining a mean, median, mode or
filtered path loss for the set of the plurality of Uplink Beam
Management Signals (UL BMS); and determining a transmission power
of corresponding ones of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management
Signals (UL BMS) as a function of the one or more decoded power
control factors and the determined mean, median, mode or filtered
path loss of the Downlink Beam Measurement Reference Signal (DL BM
RS).
[0192] Embodiment 59 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiment 58, wherein one or more power control factors
can be configured independently for different Beam Management
Signals (BMS).
[0193] Embodiment 60 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiment 58, wherein the resource block power (P.sub.0)
is a function of one or more of an interference, a thermal noise
and a target signal interference noise ratio for each of the
plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS).
[0194] Embodiment 61 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiment 58, wherein the transmission power is further
determined as a function of a power control offset ({circumflex
over (.DELTA.)}).
[0195] Embodiment 62 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiment 58, wherein the transmission power is further
determined as a function of a first power control offset
({circumflex over (.DELTA.)}.sub.r) configured by higher level
signaling and a second power control offset ({circumflex over
(.DELTA.)}.sub.d) configured by Downlink Control Information
(DCI).
[0196] Embodiment 63 includes at least one machine readable storage
medium of embodiments 58-61 or 62, wherein the one or more
processors are further configured to transmit on one or more of the
of the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS) based
on the determined transmission power of the corresponding ones of
the plurality of Uplink Beam Management Signals (UL BMS).
[0197] Embodiment 649 includes at least one machine readable
storage medium of embodiment 58, wherein the plurality of Uplink
Beam Management Signals (UL BMS) includes a Physical Random Access
Channel (PRACH), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), or Physical
Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).
[0198] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part
of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC),
an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group),
and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or
more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit,
and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the
described functionality. In some aspects, the circuitry may be
implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be
implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some
aspects, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable
in hardware.
[0199] Various techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof,
may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in
tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, compact disc-read-only
memory (CD-ROMs), hard drives, transitory or non-transitory
computer readable storage medium, or any other machine-readable
storage medium wherein, when the program code is loaded into and
executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an
apparatus for practicing the various techniques. Circuitry may
include hardware, firmware, program code, executable code, computer
instructions, and/or software. A non-transitory computer readable
storage medium may be a computer readable storage medium that does
not include signal. In the case of program code execution on
programmable computers, the computing device may include a
processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including
volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least
one input device, and at least one output device. The volatile and
non-volatile memory and/or storage elements may be a random-access
memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash
drive, optical drive, magnetic hard drive, solid state drive, or
other medium for storing electronic data. The node and wireless
device may also include a transceiver module (i.e., transceiver), a
counter module (i.e., counter), a processing module (i.e.,
processor), and/or a clock module (i.e., clock) or timer module
(i.e., timer). One or more programs that may implement or utilize
the various techniques described herein may use an application
programming interface (API), reusable controls, and the like. Such
programs may be implemented in a high level procedural or object
oriented programming language to communicate with a computer
system. However, the program(s) may be implemented in assembly or
machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a
compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware
implementations.
[0200] As used herein, the term processor may include general
purpose processors, specialized processors such as VLSI, FPGAs, or
other types of specialized processors, as well as base band
processors used in transceivers to send, receive, and process
wireless communications.
[0201] It should be understood that many of the functional units
described in this specification have been labeled as modules, in
order to more particularly emphasize their implementation
independence. For example, a module may be implemented as a
hardware circuit comprising custom very-large-scale integration
(VLSI) circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such
as logic chips, transistors, or other discrete components. A module
may also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as
field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic,
programmable logic devices or the like.
[0202] Modules may also be implemented in software for execution by
various types of processors. An identified module of executable
code may, for instance, comprise one or more physical or logical
blocks of computer instructions, which may, for instance, be
organized as an object, procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the
executables of an identified module cannot be physically located
together, but may comprise disparate instructions stored in
different locations which, when joined logically together, comprise
the module and achieve the stated purpose for the module.
[0203] Indeed, a module of executable code may be a single
instruction, or many instructions, and may even be distributed over
several different code segments, among different programs, and
across several memory devices. Similarly, operational data may be
identified and illustrated herein within modules, and may be
embodied in any suitable form and organized within any suitable
type of data structure. The operational data may be collected as a
single data set, or may be distributed over different locations
including over different storage devices, and may exist, at least
partially, merely as electronic signals on a system or network. The
modules may be passive or active, including agents operable to
perform desired functions.
[0204] Reference throughout this specification to "an example" or
"exemplary" means that a particular feature, structure, or
characteristic described in connection with the example is included
in at least one embodiment of the present technology. Thus,
appearances of the phrases "in an example" or the word "exemplary"
in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily
all referring to the same embodiment.
[0205] As used herein, a plurality of items, structural elements,
compositional elements, and/or materials may be presented in a
common list for convenience. However, these lists should be
construed as though each member of the list is individually
identified as a separate and unique member. Thus, no individual
member of such list should be construed as a de facto equivalent of
any other member of the same list solely based on their
presentation in a common group without indications to the contrary.
In addition, various embodiments and example of the present
technology may be referred to herein along with alternatives for
the various components thereof. It is understood that such
embodiments, examples, and alternatives are not to be construed as
defacto equivalents of one another, but are to be considered as
separate and autonomous representations of the present
technology.
[0206] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or
characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or
more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific
details are provided, such as examples of layouts, distances,
network examples, etc., to provide a thorough understanding of
embodiments of the technology. One skilled in the relevant art will
recognize, however, that the technology may be practiced without
one or more of the specific details, or with other methods,
components, layouts, etc. In other instances, well-known
structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in
detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the technology.
[0207] While the forgoing examples are illustrative of the
principles of the present technology in one or more particular
applications, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the
art that numerous modifications in form, usage and details of
implementation may be made without the exercise of inventive
faculty, and without departing from the principles and concepts of
the technology. Accordingly, it is not intended that the technology
be limited, except as by the claims set forth below.
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