U.S. patent application number 16/193786 was filed with the patent office on 2019-05-23 for dual band discontinuous reception.
The applicant listed for this patent is QUALCOMM Incorporated. Invention is credited to Kaushik Chakraborty, Tamer Kadous, Rahul Malik, Srinivas Yerramalli.
Application Number | 20190159280 16/193786 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 66534684 |
Filed Date | 2019-05-23 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190159280 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chakraborty; Kaushik ; et
al. |
May 23, 2019 |
DUAL BAND DISCONTINUOUS RECEPTION
Abstract
Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are
described. Some wireless communications systems may support
communications between a base station and a user equipment (UE) on
multiple carriers. A UE may maintain a connection with a base
station on a first carrier (e.g., an anchor carrier), and the UE
may use a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle on a second carrier.
The DRX cycle may include scheduled on-durations during which the
UE may monitor the second carrier for signaling from the base
station. To reduce the power consumption at the UE associated with
repeatedly monitoring scheduled on-durations, the base station may
transmit wake-up signaling to the UE on the first carrier to
identify the on-durations that include data from the base station.
Accordingly, the UE may monitor these on-durations for the data and
avoid monitoring other on-durations to limit power consumption.
Inventors: |
Chakraborty; Kaushik; (San
Diego, CA) ; Malik; Rahul; (San Diego, CA) ;
Yerramalli; Srinivas; (San Diego, CA) ; Kadous;
Tamer; (San Diego, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
QUALCOMM Incorporated |
San Diego |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
66534684 |
Appl. No.: |
16/193786 |
Filed: |
November 16, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62589393 |
Nov 21, 2017 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W 76/28 20180201;
H04W 52/0216 20130101; H04W 76/15 20180201; H04W 52/0235
20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04W 76/28 20060101
H04W076/28; H04W 76/15 20060101 H04W076/15; H04W 52/02 20060101
H04W052/02 |
Claims
1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE),
comprising: monitoring a first carrier for wake-up signaling from a
base station, the wake-up signaling being for a discontinuous
reception (DRX) cycle on a second carrier; receiving wake-up
signaling on the first carrier prior to an on-duration in the DRX
cycle, the wake-up signaling indicating a presence of data on the
second carrier in the on-duration; and waking up for the
on-duration to receive the data on the second carrier based at
least in part on receiving the wake-up signaling.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first carrier is in a shared
radio frequency spectrum band, the method further comprising:
monitoring the first carrier for the wake-up signaling using
another DRX cycle.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: extending an
on-duration of the other DRX cycle used to monitor the first
carrier for the wake-up signaling based at least in part on the
first carrier being in the shared radio frequency spectrum band,
wherein monitoring the first carrier for wake-up signaling using
the other DRX cycle is based at least in part on the extended
on-duration.
4. The method of claim 2, further comprising: monitoring the first
carrier for control information after receiving the wake-up
signaling.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: extending an
on-duration of the other DRX cycle to monitor the first carrier for
the control information based at least in part on receiving the
wake-up signaling, wherein monitoring the first carrier for the
control information is based at least in part on the extended
on-duration.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: receiving an
indication of one or more control information monitoring occasions,
wherein the extending is based at least in part on the indicated
one or more control information monitoring occasions.
7. The method of claim 4, further comprising: transitioning to a
sleep mode after receiving the wake-up signaling; and waking up to
monitor the first carrier for the control information based at
least in part on receiving the wake-up signaling.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: receiving an
indication of one or more control information monitoring occasions,
wherein the waking up is based at least in part on the indicated
one or more control information monitoring occasions.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising: receiving
configuration information for a search space associated with the
control information, wherein monitoring the first carrier for the
control information is based at least in part on the search
space.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving signaling
indicating an absence of data in a subsequent on-duration; and
avoiding waking up for the subsequent on-duration based at least in
part on receiving the signaling indicating the absence of data in
the subsequent on-duration.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: failing to receive
wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to a subsequent
on-duration in the DRX cycle; and avoiding waking up for the
subsequent on-duration based at least in part on failing to receive
the wake-up signaling.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving reference
signals from the base station on the second carrier in the
on-duration of the DRX cycle; identifying a candidate beam for
communications with the base station based at least in part on the
received reference signals; and transmitting an indication of the
candidate beam in a measurement report to the base station on
uplink resources in the on-duration on the first carrier or the
second carrier.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first carrier is in a
shared radio frequency spectrum band, the method further
comprising: receiving an indication of a duration between the
wake-up signaling received on the first carrier and the reference
signals received on the second carrier.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the reference signals comprise
cell-specific reference signals or UE-specific reference
signals.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the on-duration comprises an
extended on-duration.
16. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving reference
signals from the base station on the second carrier in the
on-duration of the DRX cycle; failing to identify a candidate beam
for communications with the base station based at least in part on
the received reference signals; and transmitting an indication of
the failure to identify the candidate beam to the base station on
uplink resources in the on-duration on the first carrier or the
second carrier.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first carrier or the second
carrier used to transmit the indication of the failure to identify
the candidate beam is in a shared radio frequency spectrum, the
method further comprising: failing to gain access to a channel to
transmit the indication of the failure to identify the candidate
beam; and transmitting the indication of the failure to identify
the candidate beam on scheduled or autonomous uplink resources.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the reference signals comprise
cell-specific reference signals or UE-specific reference
signals.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the on-duration comprises an
extended on-duration.
20. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving control
information on the second carrier that schedules a transmission of
the data from the base station on the second carrier in the
on-duration.
21. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving control
information on the first carrier that schedules a transmission of
the data from the base station on the second carrier in the
on-duration.
22. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving an
indication from the base station to activate the DRX cycle on the
second carrier, wherein the indication is received on the first
carrier; and activating the DRX cycle on the second carrier based
at least in part on receiving the indication.
23. The method of claim 1, further comprising: failing to receive
wake-up signaling on the first carrier for a predefined duration;
determining that an inactivity timer associated with the DRX cycle
has expired based at least in part on failing to receive the
wake-up signaling on the first carrier for the predefined duration;
and deactivating the DRX cycle on the second carrier based at least
in part on the determination.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the first carrier is monitored
in an active mode or another DRX cycle is used on the first
carrier.
25. The method of claim 1, wherein the first carrier comprises a
low frequency band carrier and the second carrier comprises a high
frequency band carrier.
26. The method of claim 1, wherein the first carrier or the second
carrier comprises an unshared radio frequency spectrum band or a
shared radio frequency spectrum band.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the unshared radio frequency
spectrum band comprises a radio frequency spectrum band licensed to
a single operator, and the shared radio frequency spectrum band
comprises a radio frequency spectrum band that is unlicensed,
licensed to multiple operators, or licensed to a single operator
with opportunistic access by other operators.
28. A method for wireless communication at a base station,
comprising: configuring a first carrier and a second carrier for
communications with a user equipment (UE); identifying data to
transmit to the UE on the second carrier; transmitting wake-up
signaling on the first carrier prior to an on-duration in a
discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle used by the UE on the second
carrier, the wake-up signaling indicating a presence of the data on
the second carrier in the on-duration; and transmitting the data to
the UE on the second carrier in the on-duration based at least in
part on transmitting the wake-up signaling.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the first carrier is in a
shared radio frequency spectrum band, the method further
comprising: performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) procedure
to gain access to a channel on the first carrier for a transmission
opportunity for transmitting the wake-up signaling, wherein
transmitting the wake-up signaling occurs in the transmission
opportunity.
30. The method of claim 29, further comprising: successfully
gaining access to the channel on the first carrier based at least
in part on performing the CCA procedure; and transmitting the
wake-up signaling in the channel on the first carrier.
31. The method of claim 29, further comprising: failing to gain
access to the channel on the first carrier; performing an early CCA
procedure to gain access to the channel on the first carrier for a
subsequent transmission opportunity for transmitting the wake-up
signaling; successfully gaining access to the channel on the first
carrier based at least in part on performing the early CCA
procedure; and transmitting the wake-up signaling in the channel on
the first carrier.
32. The method of claim 29, further comprising: transmitting
control information on the first carrier after transmitting the
wake-up signaling.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein transmitting the control
information comprises: transmitting the control information in the
transmission opportunity used for transmitting the wake-up
signaling.
34. The method of claim 32, wherein transmitting the control
information comprises: performing another CCA procedure to gain
access to the channel on the first carrier for another transmission
opportunity for transmitting the control information; and
transmitting the control information in the other transmission
opportunity for transmitting the control information.
35. The method of claim 32, further comprising: transmitting an
indication of control information monitoring occasions to the
UE.
36. The method of claim 32, further comprising: transmitting
configuration information for a search space associated with the
control information, wherein the control information is transmitted
on the first carrier in the search space.
37. The method of claim 28, further comprising: transmitting
signaling indicating an absence of data in a subsequent on-
duration.
38. The method of claim 28, further comprising: transmitting
reference signals on the second carrier in the on-duration of the
DRX cycle; and receiving an indication of a candidate beam selected
by the UE for communications with the base station based at least
in part on the reference signals, wherein the indication is
received in a measurement report on uplink resources in the
on-duration on the first carrier or the second carrier.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the first carrier is in a
shared radio frequency spectrum band, the method further
comprising: transmitting an indication of a duration between the
wake-up signaling transmitted on the first carrier and the
reference signals transmitted on the second carrier.
40. The method of claim 38, wherein the reference signals comprise
cell-specific reference signals or UE-specific reference
signals.
41. The method of claim 38, wherein the on-duration comprises an
extended on-duration.
42. The method of claim 28, further comprising: transmitting
reference signals on the second carrier in the on-duration of the
DRX cycle; and receiving an indication that the UE failed to
identify a candidate beam for communications with the base station
based at least in part on the reference signals, wherein the
indication is received on uplink resources in the on-duration on
the first carrier or the second carrier.
43. The method of claim 42, wherein the reference signals comprise
cell-specific reference signals or UE-specific reference
signals.
44. The method of claim 42, wherein the on-duration comprises an
extended on-duration.
45. The method of claim 28, further comprising: transmitting
control information on the second carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration.
46. The method of claim 28, further comprising: transmitting
control information on the first carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration.
47. The method of claim 28, further comprising: transmitting an
indication to the UE to activate the DRX cycle on the second
carrier, wherein the DRX cycle is activated by the UE based at
least in part on the indication.
48. The method of claim 28, wherein the first carrier is monitored
by the UE in an active mode or another DRX cycle is used on the
first carrier.
49. The method of claim 28, wherein the first carrier comprises a
low frequency band carrier and the second carrier comprises a high
frequency band carrier.
50. The method of claim 28, wherein the first carrier or the second
carrier comprises an unshared radio frequency spectrum band or a
shared radio frequency spectrum band.
51. The method of claim 50, wherein the unshared radio frequency
spectrum band comprises a radio frequency spectrum band licensed to
a single operator, and the shared radio frequency spectrum band
comprises a radio frequency spectrum band that is unlicensed,
licensed to multiple operators, or licensed to a single operator
with opportunistic access by other operators.
52. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment
(UE), comprising: means for monitoring a first carrier for wake-up
signaling from a base station, the wake-up signaling being for a
discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle on a second carrier; means for
receiving wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to an
on-duration in the DRX cycle, the wake-up signaling indicating a
presence of data on the second carrier in the on-duration; and
means for waking up for the on-duration to receive the data on the
second carrier based at least in part on receiving the wake-up
signaling.
53. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station,
comprising: means for configuring a first carrier and a second
carrier for communications with a user equipment (UE); means for
identifying data to transmit to the UE on the second carrier; means
for transmitting wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to an
on-duration in a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle used by the UE
on the second carrier, the wake-up signaling indicating a presence
of the data on the second carrier in the on-duration; and means for
transmitting the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration based at least in part on transmitting the wake-up
signaling.
54. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment
(UE), comprising: a processor; memory in electronic communication
with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: monitor a
first carrier for wake-up signaling from a base station, the
wake-up signaling being for a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle
on a second carrier; receive wake-up signaling on the first carrier
prior to an on-duration in the DRX cycle, the wake-up signaling
indicating a presence of data on the second carrier in the
on-duration; and wake up for the on-duration to receive the data on
the second carrier based at least in part on receiving the wake-up
signaling.
55. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the first carrier is in a
shared radio frequency spectrum band, and wherein the instructions
are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
monitor the first carrier for the wake-up signaling using another
DRX cycle.
56. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: extend an
on-duration of the other DRX cycle used to monitor the first
carrier for the wake-up signaling based at least in part on the
first carrier being in the shared radio frequency spectrum band,
wherein monitoring the first carrier for wake-up signaling using
the other DRX cycle is based at least in part on the extended
on-duration.
57. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: monitor the
first carrier for control information after receiving the wake-up
signaling.
58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: extend an
on-duration of the other DRX cycle to monitor the first carrier for
the control information based at least in part on receiving the
wake-up signaling, wherein monitoring the first carrier for the
control information is based at least in part on the extended
on-duration.
59. The apparatus of claim 58, further comprising a receiver,
wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to
cause the apparatus to: receive, via the receiver, an indication of
one or more control information monitoring occasions, wherein the
extending is based at least in part on the indicated one or more
control information monitoring occasions.
60. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transition
to a sleep mode after receiving the wake-up signaling; and wake up
to monitor the first carrier for the control information based at
least in part on receiving the wake-up signaling.
61. The apparatus of claim 60, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive an
indication of one or more control information monitoring occasions,
wherein the waking up is based at least in part on the indicated
one or more control information monitoring occasions.
62. The apparatus of claim 60, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive
configuration information for a search space associated with the
control information, wherein monitoring the first carrier for the
control information is based at least in part on the search
space.
63. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive
signaling indicating an absence of data in a subsequent
on-duration; and avoid waking up for the subsequent on-duration
based at least in part on receiving the signaling indicating the
absence of data in the subsequent on-duration.
64. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: fail to
receive wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to a
subsequent on-duration in the DRX cycle; and avoid waking up for
the subsequent on-duration based at least in part on failing to
receive the wake-up signaling.
65. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive
reference signals from the base station on the second carrier in
the on-duration of the DRX cycle; identify a candidate beam for
communications with the base station based at least in part on the
received reference signals; and transmit an indication of the
candidate beam in a measurement report to the base station on
uplink resources in the on-duration on the first carrier or the
second carrier.
66. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the first carrier is in a
shared radio frequency spectrum band, and wherein the instructions
are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication of a duration between the wake-up signaling
received on the first carrier and the reference signals received on
the second carrier.
67. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the reference signals
comprise cell- specific reference signals or UE-specific reference
signals.
68. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the on-duration comprises an
extended on-duration.
69. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive
reference signals from the base station on the second carrier in
the on-duration of the DRX cycle; fail to identify a candidate beam
for communications with the base station based at least in part on
the received reference signals; and transmit an indication of the
failure to identify the candidate beam to the base station on
uplink resources in the on-duration on the first carrier or the
second carrier.
70. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the first carrier or the
second carrier used to transmit the indication of the failure to
identify the candidate beam is in a shared radio frequency
spectrum, and wherein the instructions are further executable by
the processor to cause the apparatus to: fail to gain access to a
channel to transmit the indication of the failure to identify the
candidate beam; and transmit the indication of the failure to
identify the candidate beam on scheduled or autonomous uplink
resources.
71. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein the reference signals
comprise cell-specific reference signals or UE-specific reference
signals.
72. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein the on-duration comprises an
extended on-duration.
73. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive
control information on the second carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data from the base station on the second
carrier in the on-duration.
74. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive
control information on the first carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data from the base station on the second
carrier in the on-duration.
75. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive an
indication from the base station to activate the DRX cycle on the
second carrier, wherein the indication is received on the first
carrier; and activate the DRX cycle on the second carrier based at
least in part on receiving the indication.
76. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: fail to
receive wake-up signaling on the first carrier for a predefined
duration; determine that an inactivity timer associated with the
DRX cycle has expired based at least in part on failing to receive
the wake-up signaling on the first carrier for the predefined
duration; and deactivate the DRX cycle on the second carrier based
at least in part on the determination.
77. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the first carrier is
monitored in an active mode or another DRX cycle is used on the
first carrier.
78. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the first carrier comprises
a low frequency band carrier and the second carrier comprises a
high frequency band carrier.
79. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the first carrier or the
second carrier comprises an unshared radio frequency spectrum band
or a shared radio frequency spectrum band.
80. The apparatus of claim 79, wherein the unshared radio frequency
spectrum band comprises a radio frequency spectrum band licensed to
a single operator, and the shared radio frequency spectrum band
comprises a radio frequency spectrum band that is unlicensed,
licensed to multiple operators, or licensed to a single operator
with opportunistic access by other operators.
81. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station,
comprising: a processor; memory in electronic communication with
the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable
by the processor to cause the apparatus to: configure a first
carrier and a second carrier for communications with a user
equipment (UE); identify data to transmit to the UE on the second
carrier; transmit wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to
an on-duration in a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle used by the
UE on the second carrier, the wake-up signaling indicating a
presence of the data on the second carrier in the on-duration; and
transmit the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration based at least in part on transmitting the wake-up
signaling.
82. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the first carrier is in a
shared radio frequency spectrum band, and wherein the instructions
are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) procedure to gain access
to a channel on the first carrier for a transmission opportunity
for transmitting the wake-up signaling, wherein transmitting the
wake-up signaling occurs in the transmission opportunity.
83. The apparatus of claim 82, further comprising a transmitter,
wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to
cause the apparatus to: successfully gain access to the channel on
the first carrier based at least in part on performing the CCA
procedure; and transmit, via the transmitter, the wake-up signaling
in the channel on the first carrier.
84. The apparatus of claim 82, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: fail to gain
access to the channel on the first carrier; perform an early CCA
procedure to gain access to the channel on the first carrier for a
subsequent transmission opportunity for transmitting the wake-up
signaling; successfully gain access to the channel on the first
carrier based at least in part on performing the early CCA
procedure; and transmit the wake-up signaling in the channel on the
first carrier.
85. The apparatus of claim 82, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit
control information on the first carrier after transmitting the
wake-up signaling.
86. The apparatus of claim 85, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit the
control information in the transmission opportunity used for
transmitting the wake-up signaling.
87. The apparatus of claim 85, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: perform
another CCA procedure to gain access to the channel on the first
carrier for another transmission opportunity for transmitting the
control information; and transmit the control information in the
other transmission opportunity for transmitting the control
information.
88. The apparatus of claim 85, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit an
indication of control information monitoring occasions to the
UE.
89. The apparatus of claim 85, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit
configuration information for a search space associated with the
control information, wherein the control information is transmitted
on the first carrier in the search space.
90. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit
signaling indicating an absence of data in a subsequent
on-duration.
91. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit
reference signals on the second carrier in the on-duration of the
DRX cycle; and receive an indication of a candidate beam selected
by the UE for communications with the base station based at least
in part on the reference signals, wherein the indication is
received in a measurement report on uplink resources in the
on-duration on the first carrier or the second carrier.
92. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the first carrier is in a
shared radio frequency spectrum band, and wherein the instructions
are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit an indication of a duration between the wake-up signaling
transmitted on the first carrier and the reference signals
transmitted on the second carrier.
93. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the reference signals
comprise cell-specific reference signals or UE-specific reference
signals.
94. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the on-duration comprises an
extended on-duration.
95. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit
reference signals on the second carrier in the on-duration of the
DRX cycle; and receive an indication that the UE failed to identify
a candidate beam for communications with the base station based at
least in part on the reference signals, wherein the indication is
received on uplink resources in the on-duration on the first
carrier or the second carrier.
96. The apparatus of claim 95, wherein the reference signals
comprise cell-specific reference signals or UE-specific reference
signals.
97. The apparatus of claim 95, wherein the on-duration comprises an
extended on-duration.
98. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit
control information on the second carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration.
99. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit
control information on the first carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration.
100. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the instructions are
further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit an indication to the UE to activate the DRX cycle on the
second carrier, wherein the DRX cycle is activated by the UE based
at least in part on the indication.
101. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the first carrier is
monitored by the UE in an active mode or another DRX cycle is used
on the first carrier.
102. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the first carrier comprises
a low frequency band carrier and the second carrier comprises a
high frequency band carrier.
103. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the first carrier or the
second carrier comprises an unshared radio frequency spectrum band
or a shared radio frequency spectrum band.
104. The apparatus of claim 103, wherein the unshared radio
frequency spectrum band comprises a radio frequency spectrum band
licensed to a single operator, and the shared radio frequency
spectrum band comprises a radio frequency spectrum band that is
unlicensed, licensed to multiple operators, or licensed to a single
operator with opportunistic access by other operators.
105. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for
wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the code
comprising instructions executable by a processor to: monitor a
first carrier for wake-up signaling from a base station, the
wake-up signaling being for a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle
on a second carrier; receive wake-up signaling on the first carrier
prior to an on-duration in the DRX cycle, the wake-up signaling
indicating a presence of data on the second carrier in the
on-duration; and wake up for the on-duration to receive the data on
the second carrier based at least in part on receiving the wake-up
signaling.
106. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for
wireless communication at a base station, the code comprising
instructions executable by a processor to: configure a first
carrier and a second carrier for communications with a user
equipment (UE); identify data to transmit to the UE on the second
carrier; transmit wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to
an on-duration in a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle used by the
UE on the second carrier, the wake-up signaling indicating a
presence of the data on the second carrier in the on-duration; and
transmit the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration based at least in part on transmitting the wake-up
signaling.
Description
CROSS REFERENCES
[0001] The present Application for Patent claims the benefit of
U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/589,393 by CHAKRABORTY
et al., entitled "DUAL BAND DISCONTINUOUS RECEPTION," filed Nov.
21, 2017, assigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly
incorporated herein.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The following relates generally to wireless communication
and more specifically to dual band discontinuous reception
(DRX).
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to
provide various types of communication content such as voice,
video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems
may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by
sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and
power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth
generation (4G) systems such as a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems
or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems
which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems
may employ technologies such as code division multiple access
(CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division
multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple
access (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM
(DFT-S-OFDM).
[0004] A wireless multiple-access communications system may include
a number of base stations or network access nodes, each
simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication
devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE). Some
wireless communications systems may support communications between
a base station and a UE on multiple carriers. For example, a
wireless communications system may support communications between a
base station and a UE on a high-band carrier and a low-band
carrier. In some cases, the UE may monitor the multiple carriers
continuously for signaling from the base station. In such cases,
however, the power drain at the UE associated with monitoring the
multiple carriers for signaling from the base station may be high,
which may be detrimental to the battery life of the UE.
SUMMARY
[0005] Some wireless communications systems may support
communications between a base station and a user equipment (UE) on
multiple carriers. In some cases, a UE may maintain a connection
with a base station on a first carrier that serves as an anchor
carrier, and the UE may use a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle
on a second carrier. The DRX cycle may include scheduled
on-durations during which the UE may monitor the second carrier for
signaling from the base station. As described herein, to reduce the
power consumption at the UE associated with repeatedly monitoring
scheduled on-durations, the base station may transmit wake-up
signaling to the UE on the first carrier to identify the
on-durations that include data or control information from the base
station. Accordingly, the UE may monitor these identified
on-durations for the data, and the UE may avoid monitoring other
on-durations to limit power consumption.
[0006] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described.
The method may include monitoring a first carrier for wake-up
signaling from a base station, the wake-up signaling being for a
DRX cycle on a second carrier, receiving wake-up signaling on the
first carrier prior to an on-duration in the DRX cycle, the wake-up
signaling indicating a presence of data on the second carrier in
the on-duration, and waking up for the on-duration to receive the
data on the second carrier based on receiving the wake-up
signaling.
[0007] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is
described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in
electronic communication with the processor, and instructions
stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the
processor to cause the apparatus to monitor a first carrier for
wake-up signaling from a base station, the wake-up signaling being
for a DRX cycle on a second carrier, receive wake-up signaling on
the first carrier prior to an on-duration in the DRX cycle, the
wake-up signaling indicating a presence of data on the second
carrier in the on-duration, and wake up for the on-duration to
receive the data on the second carrier based on receiving the
wake-up signaling.
[0008] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is
described. The apparatus may include means for monitoring a first
carrier for wake-up signaling from a base station, the wake-up
signaling being for a DRX cycle on a second carrier, receiving
wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to an on-duration in
the DRX cycle, the wake-up signaling indicating a presence of data
on the second carrier in the on-duration, and waking up for the
on-duration to receive the data on the second carrier based on
receiving the wake-up signaling.
[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for
wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include
instructions executable by a processor to monitor a first carrier
for wake-up signaling from a base station, the wake-up signaling
being for a DRX cycle on a second carrier, receive wake-up
signaling on the first carrier prior to an on-duration in the DRX
cycle, the wake-up signaling indicating a presence of data on the
second carrier in the on-duration, and wake up for the on-duration
to receive the data on the second carrier based on receiving the
wake-up signaling.
[0010] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for monitoring the
first carrier for the wake-up signaling using another DRX cycle.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for extending an
on-duration of the other DRX cycle used to monitor the first
carrier for the wake-up signaling based on the first carrier being
in the shared radio frequency spectrum band, where monitoring the
first carrier for wake-up signaling using the other DRX cycle may
be based on the extended on-duration.
[0011] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for monitoring the
first carrier for control information after receiving the wake-up
signaling. Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may
further include operations, features, means, or instructions for
extending an on-duration of the other DRX cycle to monitor the
first carrier for the control information based on receiving the
wake-up signaling, where monitoring the first carrier for the
control information may be based on the extended on-duration.
[0012] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving an
indication of one or more control information monitoring occasions,
where the extending may be based on the indicated one or more
control information monitoring occasions. Some examples of the
method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium
described herein may further include operations, features, means,
or instructions for transitioning to a sleep mode after receiving
the wake-up signaling, and waking up to monitor the first carrier
for the control information based on receiving the wake-up
signaling.
[0013] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving an
indication of one or more control information monitoring occasions,
where the waking up may be based on the indicated one or more
control information monitoring occasions. Some examples of the
method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium
described herein may further include operations, features, means,
or instructions for receiving configuration information for a
search space associated with the control information, where
monitoring the first carrier for the control information may be
based on the search space.
[0014] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving
signaling indicating an absence of data in a subsequent
on-duration, and avoiding waking up for the subsequent on-duration
based on receiving the signaling indicating the absence of data in
the subsequent on-duration. Some examples of the method,
apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described
herein may further include operations, features, means, or
instructions for failing to receive wake-up signaling on the first
carrier prior to a subsequent on-duration in the DRX cycle, and
avoiding waking up for the subsequent on-duration based on failing
to receive the wake-up signaling.
[0015] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving
reference signals from the base station on the second carrier in
the on-duration of the DRX cycle, identifying a candidate beam for
communications with the base station based on the received
reference signals, and transmitting an indication of the candidate
beam in a measurement report to the base station on uplink
resources in the on-duration on the first carrier or the second
carrier. Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may
further include operations, features, means, or instructions for
receiving an indication of a duration between the wake-up signaling
received on the first carrier and the reference signals received on
the second carrier.
[0016] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the
reference signals include cell-specific reference signals or
UE-specific reference signals. In some examples of the method,
apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described
herein, the on-duration includes an extended on-duration. Some
examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving
reference signals from the base station on the second carrier in
the on-duration of the DRX cycle, failing to identify a candidate
beam for communications with the base station based on the received
reference signals, and transmitting an indication of the failure to
identify the candidate beam to the base station on uplink resources
in the on-duration on the first carrier or the second carrier.
[0017] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for failing to gain
access to a channel to transmit the indication of the failure to
identify the candidate beam, and transmitting the indication of the
failure to identify the candidate beam on scheduled or autonomous
uplink resources. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the
reference signals include cell-specific reference signals or
UE-specific reference signals. In some examples of the method,
apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described
herein, the on-duration includes an extended on-duration.
[0018] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving control
information on the second carrier that schedules a transmission of
the data from the base station on the second carrier in the
on-duration. Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may
further include operations, features, means, or instructions for
receiving control information on the first carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data from the base station on the second
carrier in the on-duration. Some examples of the method,
apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described
herein may further include operations, features, means, or
instructions for receiving an indication from the base station to
activate the DRX cycle on the second carrier, where the indication
may be received on the first carrier, and activating the DRX cycle
on the second carrier based on receiving the indication.
[0019] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for failing to receive
wake-up signaling on the first carrier for a predefined duration,
determining that an inactivity timer associated with the DRX cycle
may have expired based on failing to receive the wake-up signaling
on the first carrier for the predefined duration, and deactivating
the DRX cycle on the second carrier based on the determination. In
some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the first carrier may be
monitored in an active mode or another DRX cycle may be used on the
first carrier.
[0020] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first
carrier includes a low frequency band carrier and the second
carrier includes a high frequency band carrier. In some examples of
the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable
medium described herein, the first carrier or the second carrier
includes an unshared radio frequency spectrum band or a shared
radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples of the method,
apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described
herein, the unshared radio frequency spectrum band includes a radio
frequency spectrum band licensed to a single operator, and the
shared radio frequency spectrum band includes a radio frequency
spectrum band that may be unlicensed, licensed to multiple
operators, or licensed to a single operator with opportunistic
access by other operators.
[0021] A method for wireless communication at a base station is
described. The method may include configuring a first carrier and a
second carrier for communications with a UE, identifying data to
transmit to the UE on the second carrier, transmitting wake-up
signaling on the first carrier prior to an on-duration in a DRX
cycle used by the UE on the second carrier, the wake-up signaling
indicating a presence of the data on the second carrier in the
on-duration, and transmitting the data to the UE on the second
carrier in the on-duration based on transmitting the wake-up
signaling.
[0022] An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station is
described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in
electronic communication with the processor, and instructions
stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the
processor to cause the apparatus to configure a first carrier and a
second carrier for communications with a UE, identify data to
transmit to the UE on the second carrier, transmit wake-up
signaling on the first carrier prior to an on-duration in a DRX
cycle used by the UE on the second carrier, the wake-up signaling
indicating a presence of the data on the second carrier in the
on-duration, and transmit the data to the UE on the second carrier
in the on-duration based on transmitting the wake-up signaling.
[0023] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a base
station is described. The apparatus may include means for
configuring a first carrier and a second carrier for communications
with a UE, identifying data to transmit to the UE on the second
carrier, transmitting wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior
to an on-duration in a DRX cycle used by the UE on the second
carrier, the wake-up signaling indicating a presence of the data on
the second carrier in the on-duration, and transmitting the data to
the UE on the second carrier in the on-duration based on
transmitting the wake-up signaling.
[0024] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for
wireless communication at a base station is described. The code may
include instructions executable by a processor to configure a first
carrier and a second carrier for communications with a UE, identify
data to transmit to the UE on the second carrier, transmit wake-up
signaling on the first carrier prior to an on-duration in a DRX
cycle used by the UE on the second carrier, the wake-up signaling
indicating a presence of the data on the second carrier in the
on-duration, and transmit the data to the UE on the second carrier
in the on-duration based on transmitting the wake-up signaling.
[0025] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for performing a CCA
procedure to gain access to a channel on the first carrier for a
transmission opportunity for transmitting the wake-up signaling,
where transmitting the wake-up signaling occurs in the transmission
opportunity. Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may
further include operations, features, means, or instructions for
successfully gaining access to the channel on the first carrier
based on performing the CCA procedure, and transmitting the wake-up
signaling in the channel on the first carrier.
[0026] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for failing to gain
access to the channel on the first carrier, performing an early CCA
procedure to gain access to the channel on the first carrier for a
subsequent transmission opportunity for transmitting the wake-up
signaling, successfully gaining access to the channel on the first
carrier based on performing the early CCA procedure, and
transmitting the wake-up signaling in the channel on the first
carrier. Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may
further include operations, features, means, or instructions for
transmitting control information on the first carrier after
transmitting the wake-up signaling.
[0027] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein,
transmitting the control information may include operations,
features, means, or instructions for transmitting the control
information in the transmission opportunity used for transmitting
the wake-up signaling. In some examples of the method, apparatuses,
and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein,
transmitting the control information may include operations,
features, means, or instructions for performing another CCA
procedure to gain access to the channel on the first carrier for
another transmission opportunity for transmitting the control
information, and transmitting the control information in the other
transmission opportunity for transmitting the control
information.
[0028] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an
indication of control information monitoring occasions to the UE.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting
configuration information for a search space associated with the
control information, where the control information may be
transmitted on the first carrier in the search space. Some examples
of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable
medium described herein may further include operations, features,
means, or instructions for transmitting signaling indicating an
absence of data in a subsequent on-duration.
[0029] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting
reference signals on the second carrier in the on-duration of the
DRX cycle, and receiving an indication of a candidate beam selected
by the UE for communications with the base station based on the
reference signals, where the indication may be received in a
measurement report on uplink resources in the on-duration on the
first carrier or the second carrier. Some examples of the method,
apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described
herein may further include operations, features, means, or
instructions for transmitting an indication of a duration between
the wake-up signaling transmitted on the first carrier and the
reference signals transmitted on the second carrier.
[0030] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the
reference signals include cell-specific reference signals or
UE-specific reference signals. In some examples of the method,
apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described
herein, the on-duration includes an extended on-duration. Some
examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting
reference signals on the second carrier in the on-duration of the
DRX cycle, and receiving an indication that the UE failed to
identify a candidate beam for communications with the base station
based on the reference signals, where the indication may be
received on uplink resources in the on-duration on the first
carrier or the second carrier.
[0031] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the
reference signals include cell-specific reference signals or
UE-specific reference signals. In some examples of the method,
apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described
herein, the on-duration includes an extended on-duration. Some
examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting
control information on the second carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration.
[0032] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting
control information on the first carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration. Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may
further include operations, features, means, or instructions for
transmitting an indication to the UE to activate the DRX cycle on
the second carrier, where the DRX cycle may be activated by the UE
based on the indication. In some examples of the method,
apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described
herein, the first carrier may be monitored by the UE in an active
mode or another DRX cycle may be used on the first carrier.
[0033] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and
non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first
carrier includes a low frequency band carrier and the second
carrier includes a high frequency band carrier. In some examples of
the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable
medium described herein, the first carrier or the second carrier
includes an unshared radio frequency spectrum band or a shared
radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples of the method,
apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described
herein, the unshared radio frequency spectrum band includes a radio
frequency spectrum band licensed to a single operator, and the
shared radio frequency spectrum band includes a radio frequency
spectrum band that may be unlicensed, licensed to multiple
operators, or licensed to a single operator with opportunistic
access by other operators.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate examples of wireless communications
systems that support dual band discontinuous reception (DRX) in
accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of resources used to transmit
wake-up signaling for a DRX cycle to a user equipment (UE) in
accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate examples of signaling for beam
management procedures in accordance with aspects of the present
disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of communications on a
high-band carrier in an unshared radio frequency spectrum and on a
low-band carrier in a shared radio frequency spectrum in accordance
with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 7 illustrates example techniques for monitoring a
low-band carrier in a shared radio frequency spectrum for wake-up
signaling based on a DRX cycle in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 8 illustrates example techniques for transmitting
control information on a low-band carrier in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of resources used by a UE to
transmit a measurement report on a low-band carrier in a shared
radio frequency spectrum in accordance with aspects of the present
disclosure.
[0041] FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate examples of state diagrams in
accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a process flow in
accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIGS. 13-15 show block diagrams of a device that supports
dual band DRX in accordance with aspects of the present
disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 16 illustrates a block diagram of a system including a
UE that supports dual band DRX in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure.
[0045] FIGS. 17-19 show block diagrams of a device that supports
dual band DRX in accordance with aspects of the present
disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 20 illustrates a block diagram of a system including a
base station that supports dual band DRX in accordance with aspects
of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIGS. 21 and 22 illustrate methods for dual band DRX in
accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0048] Some wireless communications systems may support
communication between a base station and a user equipment (UE) on
multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as
carrier aggregation, multi-carrier operation, or dual connectivity.
For example, a base station and a UE may communicate on a high-band
carrier (e.g., a millimeter wave (mmW) carrier) and a low-band
carrier. One or both of the carriers may include licensed or
unlicensed radio frequency bandwidths. The high-band carrier may be
used by a UE to transmit or receive large amounts of data traffic
relative to the low-band carrier. However, transmissions of large
amount of data traffic on the high-band carrier may be infrequent
and bursty. Because of the bursty nature of data traffic on the
high-band carrier and the excessive amount of power used to monitor
the high-band carrier, it may be appropriate to limit an amount of
time spent by the UE monitoring the high-band carrier.
[0049] Accordingly, some deployments (e.g., non-standalone
deployments) may support the use of a low-band carrier as an anchor
carrier in addition to the high-band carrier, where the UE may, in
some instances, monitor the low-band carrier and avoid monitoring
the high-band carrier. For example, the UE may monitor the low-band
carrier continuously and the UE may use a discontinuous reception
(DRX) cycle on the high-band carrier. Although the use of a DRX
cycle on the high-band carrier may reduce the power drain at the UE
(e.g., compared to monitoring the high-band carrier continuously),
the UE may still experience a high power drain each time the UE
wakes up in an on-duration of the DRX cycle to monitor the
high-band carrier for signaling from the base station. As such,
when the UE wakes up to monitor the high-band carrier in an
on-duration for signaling from the base station and there is no
signaling transmitted by the base station in the on-duration, the
power used to wake-up (e.g., to power up receiver circuitry) and
monitor the high-band carrier may be wasted.
[0050] As described herein, a wireless communications system may
support efficient techniques for limiting the power consumption at
a UE operating in a DRX mode. In particular, a base station may
transmit wake-up signaling on the low-band carrier to indicate the
on-durations in a DRX cycle that include data for the UE.
Accordingly, the UE may wake up to monitor the high-band carrier
during the on-durations in the DRX cycle that include data for the
UE, and the UE may avoid monitoring the high-band carrier during
other on-durations in the DRX cycle. In some aspects, the UE may
avoid monitoring the other on-durations in the DRX cycle based on
receiving explicit signaling from the base station that indicates
the absence of data in these on-durations or based on failing to
receive wake-up signaling from the base station prior to these
on-durations.
[0051] Aspects of the disclosure introduced above are described
below in the context of a wireless communications system. Examples
of processes and signaling exchanges that support dual band DRX are
then described. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated
by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system
diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to dual band DRX.
[0052] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications
system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
The wireless communications system 100 includes base stations 105,
UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless
communications system 100 may be a Long-Term Evolution (LTE)
network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, or a New Radio (NR)
network. In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may
support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g.,
mission critical) communications, low latency communications, or
communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices.
[0053] Base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with UEs 115
via one or more base station antennas. Base stations 105 described
herein may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the
art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access
point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a
next-generation Node B or giga-nodeB (either of which may be
referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other
suitable terminology. Wireless communications system 100 may
include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macro or small
cell base stations). The UEs 115 described herein may be able to
communicate with various types of base stations 105 and network
equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base
stations, and the like.
[0054] Each base station 105 may be associated with a particular
geographic coverage area 110 in which communications with various
UEs 115 is supported. Each base station 105 may provide
communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area
110 via communication links 125, and communication links 125
between a base station 105 and a UE 115 may utilize one or more
carriers. Communication links 125 shown in wireless communications
system 100 may include uplink transmissions from a UE 115 to a base
station 105 or downlink transmissions from a base station 105 to a
UE 115. Downlink transmissions may also be called forward link
transmissions while uplink transmissions may also be called reverse
link transmissions.
[0055] The geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 may
be divided into sectors making up only a portion of the geographic
coverage area 110, and each sector may be associated with a cell.
For example, each base station 105 may provide communication
coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types
of cells, or various combinations thereof In some examples, a base
station 105 may be movable and therefore provide communication
coverage for a moving geographic coverage area 110. In some
examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with
different technologies may overlap, and overlapping geographic
coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be
supported by the same base station 105 or by different base
stations 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include,
for example, a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A or NR network in which
different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for various
geographic coverage areas 110.
[0056] The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity
used for communication with a base station 105 (e.g., over a
carrier), and may be associated with an identifier for
distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier
(PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID)) operating via the same or
a different carrier. In some examples, a carrier may support
multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to
different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC),
narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband
(eMBB), or others) that may provide access for different types of
devices. In some cases, the term "cell" may refer to a portion of a
geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the
logical entity operates.
[0057] UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless
communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or
mobile. A UE 115 may also be referred to as a mobile device, a
wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a
subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the
"device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal,
or a client. A UE 115 may be a personal electronic device such as a
cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet
computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some
examples, a UE 115 may also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL)
station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of
Everything (IoE) device, or an MTC device, or the like, which may
be implemented in various articles such as appliances, vehicles,
meters, or the like.
[0058] Base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130
and with one another. For example, base stations 105 may interface
with the core network 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., via an
S1 or other interface). Base stations 105 may communicate with one
another over backhaul links 134 (e.g., via an X2 or other
interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations
105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130).
[0059] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access
authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and
other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130
may be an evolved packet core (EPC), which may include at least one
mobility management entity (MME), at least one serving gateway
(S-GW), and at least one Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW).
The MME may manage non-access stratum (e.g., control plane)
functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management
for UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the EPC.
User IP packets may be transferred through the S-GW, which itself
may be connected to the P-GW. The P-GW may provide IP address
allocation as well as other functions. The P-GW may be connected to
the network operators IP services. The operators IP services may
include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched (PS) Streaming Service.
[0060] At least some of the network devices, such as a base station
105, may include subcomponents such as an access network entity,
which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each
access network entity may communicate with UEs 115 through a number
of other access network transmission entities, which may be
referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, or a
transmission/reception point (TRP). In some configurations, various
functions of each access network entity or base station 105 may be
distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and
access network controllers) or consolidated into a single network
device (e.g., a base station 105).
[0061] In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may be a
packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol
stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet
Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio
Link Control (RLC) layer may in some cases perform packet
segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A
Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and
multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC
layer may also use hybrid automatic repeat request (HARD) to
provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency.
In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol
layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of
an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a base station 105 or core
network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the
Physical (PHY) layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical
channels.
[0062] Wireless communications system 100 may operate in an
extremely-high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from
30 GHz to 300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band. In some
examples, wireless communications system 100 may support mmW
communications between UEs 115 and base stations 105, and EHF
antennas of the respective devices may be even smaller and more
closely spaced than ultra-high frequency (UHF) antennas. In some
cases, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a UE 115.
However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to
even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than
super-high frequency (SHF) or UHF transmissions. Techniques
disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one
or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands
across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating
body.
[0063] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial
filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a
signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting
device or a receiving device in wireless communications system 100
(e.g., a base station 105 or a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna
beam (e.g., a transmit beam or receive beam) along a spatial path
between the transmitting device and the receiving device.
Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated
via antenna elements of an antenna array such that signals
propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna
array experience constructive interference while others experience
destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated
via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a
receiving device applying certain amplitude and phase offsets to
signals carried via each of the antenna elements associated with
the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna
elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with
a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array
of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to
some other orientation).
[0064] In one example, a base station 105 may use multiple antennas
or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional
communications with a UE 115. For instance, some signals (e.g.,
synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals,
or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station 105
multiple times in different directions, which may include a signal
being transmitted according to different beamforming weight sets
associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions
in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by the
base station 105 or a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam
direction for subsequent transmission and/or reception by the base
station 105. Some signals, such as data signals associated with a
particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station
105 in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with
the receiving device, such as a UE 115).
[0065] In some examples, the beam direction associated with
transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based
at least in in part on a signal that was transmitted in different
beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of
the signals transmitted by the base station 105 in different
directions, and the UE 115 may report to the base station 105 an
indication of the signal it received with a highest signal quality,
or an otherwise acceptable signal quality. Although these
techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in
one or more directions by a base station 105, a UE 115 may employ
similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in
different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for
subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or transmitting
a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a
receiving device).
[0066] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115, which may be an example
of a mmW receiving device) may try multiple receive beams when
receiving various signals from the base station 105, such as
synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals,
or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try
multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna
subarrays, by processing received signals according to different
antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive
beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at a plurality
of antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received
signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets
applied to signals received at a plurality of antenna elements of
an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening"
according to different receive beams or receive directions. In some
examples a receiving device may use a single receive beam to
receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data
signal). The single receive beam may be aligned in a beam direction
determined based at least in part on listening according to
different receive beam directions (e.g., a beam direction
determined to have a highest signal strength, highest
signal-to-noise ratio, or otherwise acceptable signal quality based
at least in part on listening according to multiple beam
directions).
[0067] Time intervals of a communications resource in LTE or NR may
be organized according to radio frames each having a duration of 10
milliseconds (ms). The radio frames may be identified by a system
frame number (SFN) ranging from 0 to 1023. Each frame may include
10 subframes numbered from 0 to 9, and each subframe may have a
duration of 1 ms. A subframe may be further divided into 2 slots
each having a duration of 0.5 ms, and each slot may contain 6 or 7
modulation symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the
cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). In some cases, a
subframe may be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless
communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission
time interval (TTI). In other cases, a smallest scheduling unit of
the wireless communications system 100 may be shorter than a
subframe or may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of
shortened TTIs (sTTIs) or in selected component carriers using
sTTIs).
[0068] In some cases, the numerology employed within a system
(i.e., subcarrier size, symbol-period duration, and/or TTI
duration) may be selected or determined based on a type of
communication. The numerology may be selected or determined in view
of an inherent tradeoff between latency for low latency
applications and efficiency for other applications, for example. In
some cases, a resource block may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers
in the frequency domain and, for a normal cyclic prefix in each
OFDM symbol, 7 consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain (1
slot), or 84 resource elements. The number of bits carried by each
resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (the
configuration of symbols that may be selected during each symbol
period). Thus, the more resource blocks that a UE receives and the
higher the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be.
Resource blocks may be defined according to other numerologies in
various examples.
[0069] In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may
utilize both shared and unshared radio frequency spectrum bands.
The unshared radio frequency spectrum band may be licensed to a
single operator for use by that operator, and the shared radio
frequency spectrum may be unlicensed, licensed to multiple
operators, or licensed to a single operator with opportunistic
access by other devices. Wireless communications system 100 may
employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio
access technology, or NR shared spectrum (NR-SS) technology in a
shared radio frequency spectrum band such as the 5 GHz ISM band.
When operating in shared radio frequency spectrum bands, wireless
devices such as base stations 105 and UEs 115 may employ
listen-before-talk (LBT) procedures to ensure a frequency channel
is clear before transmitting data on the channel. In some cases,
operations in shared radio frequency bands may be based on a
carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component
carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in
unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink
transmissions, peer-to-peer transmissions, or a combination of
these.
[0070] Wireless communications system 100 may support communication
with a UE 115 on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be
referred to as carrier aggregation, multi-carrier operation, or
dual connectivity. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple
downlink carriers and one or more uplink carriers according to a
carrier aggregation configuration. Each carrier may be configured
for use in a shared or unshared radio frequency spectrum. In some
cases, different carriers used for communication between a base
station 105 and a UE 115 may be associated with different
numerologies (e.g., symbol duration, TTI duration, etc.). As
described herein, a base station 105 and a UE 115 may communicate
using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation on a low
frequency band carrier (e.g., a sub-6 GHz carrier) and a high
frequency band carrier (e.g., a mmW carrier).
[0071] The high-band carrier may be used by a UE 115 to transmit or
receive large amounts of data traffic relative to the low-band
carrier. However, transmissions of large amount of data traffic on
the high-band carrier may be infrequent and bursty. In one example,
when a user of a UE 115 navigates to a webpage with a large amount
of data embedded in the webpage (e.g., a 100 MB video file), the UE
115 may receive a large amount of data traffic to load the data
embedded in the webpage. After the webpage is loaded, however, the
UE 115 may receive minimal data traffic. In another example, a user
of a UE 115 may initiate a session to stream a large file, where
the UE 115 may receive a large amount of data traffic at a high
rate while streaming. After the user exits the stream, however, the
UE 115 may receive minimal data traffic. In yet another example, a
user may initiate an application that may use a sustained amount of
high data rates (e.g., augmented reality or virtual reality
applications). After the user exits the application, however, the
UE 115 may receive minimal data traffic.
[0072] Because of the bursty nature of data traffic on a high-band
carrier and the excessive amount of power used to monitor the
high-band carrier, it may be appropriate to limit an amount of time
spent by a UE 115 monitoring the high-band carrier. Accordingly,
some deployments (e.g., non-standalone deployments) may support the
use of a low-band carrier as an anchor carrier in addition to the
high-band carrier, where the UE 115 may, in some cases, monitor the
low-band carrier and avoid monitoring the high-band carrier. For
instance, the UE 115 may be configured to monitor the low-band
carrier, and, when the base station 105 identifies data to transmit
to the UE 115 on the high-band carrier, the base station 105 may
transmit an activation command to the UE 115 on the low-band
carrier for the UE 115 to establish a connection with the base
station 105 on the high-band carrier and begin monitoring the
high-band carrier for the data from the base station 105.
[0073] In some cases, a base station 105 may identify frequent
bursts of data to transmit to a UE 115, and the base station 105
may transmit an activation message to the UE 115 for each data
burst. In such cases, however, the overhead associated with the
activation messages may be high. Thus, as described herein, instead
of utilizing techniques for transmitting an activation message
every time a base station 105 identifies data to transmit to the UE
115, a base station 105 in wireless communications system 100 may
configure UE 115 to discontinuously monitor a high-band carrier
based on a connected mode DRX (C-DRX) cycle. As such, the amount of
time spent by the UE 115 monitoring the high-band carrier may be
reduced (e.g., since the UE 115 may enter a sleep state in the
C-DRX cycle), and the UE 115 may be able to wake up periodically to
receive data from base station 105.
[0074] The use of a C-DRX cycle on the high-band carrier may
therefore limit power consumption at a UE 115 while providing
opportunities for the UE 115 to receive data from a base station on
the high-band carrier (e.g., without the overhead of activation
messages on the low-band carrier). However, the UE 115 may still
experience a high power-drain while using C-DRX each time the UE
115 wakes up to monitor the high-band carrier for data from the
base station. As such, when the UE 115 wakes up to monitor the
high-band carrier for data from the base station and there is no
data to be received from the base station, the power used to
wake-up (e.g., to power up receiver circuitry) and monitor the
high-band carrier may be wasted. Wireless communications system 100
may support efficient techniques for further limiting the power
consumption at a UE 115 by supporting wake-up signaling on the
low-band carrier. In particular, a base station 105 in wireless
communications system 100 may transmit wake-up signaling on the
low-band carrier to indicate to the UE 115 when to wake up in a
C-DRX cycle to receive data on the high-band carrier.
[0075] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications
system 200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
Wireless communications system 200 includes base station 105-a and
UE 115-a, which may be examples of the corresponding devices
described with reference to FIG. 1. Base station 105-a may
communicate with UEs 115 (including UE 115-a) within coverage area
110-a. Although the examples described below are related to
downlink communications, it is to be understood that the techniques
may be applied for uplink communications, where UE 115-a may
transmit uplink data in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).
Wireless communications system 200 may support aspects of wireless
communications system 100. For example, wireless communications
system may support carrier aggregation, where base station 105-a
may communicate with UE 115-a on multiple carriers, such as a first
carrier 205 and a second carrier 210. In the examples described
herein, first carrier 205 may be a high-band carrier 205 as
discussed with reference to FIG. 1, and second carrier 210 may be a
low-band carrier 210 as discussed with reference to FIG. 1. In
other examples, however, first carrier 205 and second carrier 210
may correspond to other carriers.
[0076] High-band carrier 205 may be used by base station 105-a to
transmit large amounts of data traffic to UE 115-a, and low-band
carrier 210 may be used by base station 105-a to transmit other
data traffic to UE 115-a. Low-band carrier 210 may be an anchor
carrier used by UE 115-a to maintain a connection with base station
105-a. In some examples, UE 115-a may monitor low-band carrier 210
actively (e.g., continuously), and UE 115-a may monitor high-band
carrier 205 discontinuously based on a C-DRX cycle. In other
examples, UE 115-a may monitor low-band carrier 210 discontinuously
based on another C-DRX cycle (as described in further detail
below). As described with reference to FIG. 1, the use of a C-DRX
cycle on the high-band carrier 205 may limit power consumption at
UE 115-a while providing opportunities for UE 115-a to receive data
from a base station 105-a on high-band carrier 205. However, UE
115-a may still experience a high power-drain while using C-DRX
each time the UE 115-a wakes up to monitor the high-band carrier
205 (or any carrier) for data from base station 105-a. In addition,
in a mmW deployment, it may be appropriate for UE 115-a to perform
beam management to identify an appropriate beam for communicating
with base station 105-a each time the UE 115-a wakes up. In such
cases, the UE 115-a may experience an even higher power drain as
the UE 115-a may have to perform measurements and support
additional signaling in a beam management procedure.
[0077] To further limit the power consumption at UE 115-a, base
station 105-a may support techniques for transmitting wake-up
signaling 220 on the low-band carrier 210 to indicate to UE 115-a
when to wake up in a C-DRX cycle to receive data 215 on the
high-band carrier 205 from base station 105-a. In particular, the
wake-up signaling 220 may identify the on-durations that include
data for the UE 115-a. Thus, UE 115-a may monitor these
on-durations based on receiving wake-up signaling 220 on the
low-band carrier 210 prior to these on-durations, and UE 115-a may
avoid monitoring other scheduled on-durations. In some cases, base
station 105-a may transmit signaling prior to an on-duration to
indicate the absence of data in the on-duration. In such cases, UE
115-a may receive the signaling and avoid waking up in the
on-duration. In other cases, base station 105-a may avoid
transmitting signaling for a scheduled on-duration when there is no
data for UE 115-a to receive in the scheduled on-duration. In such
cases, when UE 115-a fails to receive the signaling, the UE 115-a
may avoid waking up in the on-duration.
[0078] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of resources 300 used to
transmit wake-up signaling 330 on a low-band carrier 210-a for a
C-DRX cycle used by UE 115-a on a high-band carrier 205-a in
accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In the example
of FIG. 3, base station 105-a may identify data to transmit to UE
115-a on high-band carrier 205-a, and base station 105-a may
transmit an activation command to UE 115-a for UE 115-a to
establish a connection with the base station 105-a on the high-band
carrier 205-a and begin monitoring the high-band carrier 205-a for
the data from base station 105-a. Base station 105-a may then
transmit the data to UE 115-a during active mode 305-a on the
high-band carrier 205-a. In some cases, after the original data
transmission, there may be no further communications on the
high-band carrier 205-a between base station 105-a and UE 115-a for
a time period 310. In such cases, an inactivity timer monitored by
UE 115-a may expire after time period 310, and UE 115-a may
determine to activate a C-DRX mode on high-band carrier 205-a.
[0079] In the C-DRX mode, UE 115-a may be scheduled to monitor the
high-band carrier 205-a discontinuously at recurring on-durations
325-a. As described herein, base station 105-a may transmit wake-up
signaling on low-band carrier 210-a to UE 115-a to indicate the
on-durations for UE 115-a to monitor for data from base station
105-a. Prior to on-duration 325-a, base station 105-a may not have
data to transmit to UE 115-a. As such, in some cases, base station
105-a may avoid transmitting wake-up signaling to UE 115-a prior to
on-duration 325-a (as shown), and UE 115-a may avoid waking up to
monitor high-band carrier 205-a during on-duration 325-a based on
failing to receive wake-up signaling prior to on-duration 325-a. In
other cases, base station 105-a may transmit signaling to UE 115-a
to indicate the absence of data in on-duration 325-a (not shown),
and UE 115-a may avoid monitoring high-band carrier 205-a during
on-duration 325-a based on the signaling.
[0080] After on-duration 325-a, base station 105-a may identify
data to transmit to UE 115-a. Accordingly, base station 105-a may
transmit wake-up signaling 330 to UE 115-a, and UE 115-a may
receive the wake-up signaling 330 and determine to wake up to
monitor high-band carrier 205-a during on-duration 325-b based on
wake-up signaling 330. Base station 105-a may then transmit PDCCH
315 in on-duration 325-b to schedule a data transmission to UE
115-a in PDSCH 320, and base station 105-a may transmit the data in
PDSCH 320. UE 115-a may receive the control information in PDCCH
315 scheduling the data transmission in PDSCH 320, and UE 115-a may
receive the data in PDSCH 320.
[0081] The on-durations 325 illustrated in FIG. 3 may correspond to
on-durations 325 in a short C-DRX mode. After a period of
inactivity on high-band carrier 205-a, UE 115-a may transition to a
long C-DRX mode where a duration between the on-durations may be
longer than a duration between on-durations in a short C-DRX mode.
It is to be understood that the techniques described herein for
receiving wake-up signaling on low band carrier 210-a indicating
whether UE 115-a is to monitor high band carrier 205-a during a
scheduled on-duration of a C-DRX cycle applies for both a short DRX
mode and a long DRX mode. After another period of inactivity, UE
115-a may deactivate the C-DRX mode and enter an idle mode DRX. In
idle mode DRX, UE 115-a may monitor the channel infrequently (e.g.,
compared to the long C-DRX mode) for paging from base station
105-a. If UE 115-a receives paging from base station 105-a, UE
115-a may activate another active mode on high-band carrier 205-a
to communicate with base station 105-a. Thus, the UE 115-a may
transition from an active mode to a C-DRX mode, then to an idle
mode, and back to an active mode on high-band carrier 205-a.
[0082] In some cases, base station 105-a may transmit the control
information in PDCCH 315 and the data in PDSCH 320 using a
previously configured beam (e.g., a beam identified for
communication in active mode 305). However, if base station 105-a
is not in communication with UE 115-a for an extended period of
time, the quality of a beam (e.g., a transmit beam and a receive
beam) configured for communications between base station 105-a and
UE 115-a may degrade. In such cases, if a base station 105-a is
configured to transmit data to UE 115 in an on-duration using a
previously configured beam, the quality of the data transmission
may be low (e.g., the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio
(SINR) may be low). As described herein, a base station 105-a and
UE 115-a may support efficient signaling to identify a suitable
beam for communications in an on-duration. FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate
examples of such signaling 400 and 500 used for identifying a
suitable beam for communications between a base station 105-a and a
UE 115-a in an on-duration.
[0083] In the example of FIG. 4, base station 105-a may identify
data to transmit to UE 115-a on high-band carrier 205-b, and base
station 105-a may transmit an activation command to UE 115-a for UE
115-a to establish a connection with the base station 105-a on the
high-band carrier 205-b and begin monitoring the high-band carrier
205-b for the data from base station 105-a. Base station 105-a may
then transmit the data to UE 115-a during active mode 405-a on the
high-band carrier 205-b. In some cases, after the original data
transmission, there may be no further communications on the
high-band carrier 205-b between base station 105-a and UE 115-a for
a time period 410. In such cases, an inactivity timer monitored by
UE 115-a may expire after time period 410, and UE 115-a may
determine to activate a C-DRX mode on high-band carrier 205-b.
[0084] In the C-DRX mode, UE 115-a may be scheduled to monitor the
high-band carrier 205-b discontinuously at recurring on-durations.
As described herein, base station 105-a may transmit wake-up
signaling on low-band carrier 210-a to UE 115-a to indicate
on-durations for UE 115-a to monitor for data from base station
105-a. Prior to on-duration 425, base station 105-a may identify
data to transmit to UE 115-a. Accordingly, base station 105-a may
transmit wake-up signaling 430 to UE 115-a for UE 115-a to wake up
in on-duration 425. UE 115-a may receive wake-up signaling 430 and
may wake up to monitor high-band carrier 205-a in on-duration 425
based on wake-up signaling 430. As discussed above, however, before
monitoring for control and data information from base station 105-a
during on-duration 425, it may be appropriate for base station
105-a and UE 115-a to perform a beam management procedure during
time period 435 to identify an appropriate beam for communications
in on-duration 425. Thus, the on-duration may be extended (as
represented by extended on-duration 440).
[0085] In the example of FIG. 4, base station 105-a may transmit
UE-specific reference signals 445 to UE 115-a on multiple beams to
allow UE 115-a to identify an appropriate beam for communications
with base station 105-a in on-duration 425. UE 115-a may receive
the reference signals 445 and may identify a candidate beam for
communicating with base station 105-a in on-duration 425. The
candidate beam may be associated with the highest reliability of
all the beams available to base station 105-a and UE 115-a. UE
115-a may then transmit an indication of the candidate beam to base
station 105-a in a measurement report 450 on the high-band carrier
205-b or on low-band carrier 205-b. Base station 105-a may receive
the measurement report 450 and base station 105-a may identify the
candidate beam selected by UE 115-a.
[0086] Base station 105-a may then transmit PDCCH 415 using the
candidate beam in on-duration 425 to schedule a data transmission
to UE 115-a in PDSCH 420 in on-duration 425, and base station 105-a
may transmit the data in PDSCH 420. Subsequently, UE 115-a may
receive the data in PDSCH 420 using the candidate beam based on the
control information received in PDCCH 415. Although FIG. 4
illustrates that the control information may be transmitted in
PDCCH 415 on high-band carrier 205-b, in other examples, the
control information may be transmitted in PDCCH 415 on low-band
carrier 210-b. In some cases, the resources used by base station
105-a to transmit the UE-specific reference signals 445 to UE 115-a
and the resources used by UE 115-a to transmit the measurement
report 450 to base station 105-a may be pre-configured. For
example, UE 115-a may be pre-configured to monitor a certain set of
resources prior to on-duration 425 for the UE-specific reference
signals 445, and the UE 115-a may be pre-configured to transmit the
measurement report 450 to base station 105-a on another set of
resources prior to on-duration 425.
[0087] In some aspects, UE 115-a may wake up for the extended
on-duration 440 and may fail to detect reference signals on
high-band carrier 205-b or may fail to detect a beam having
reasonable quality (e.g., associated with an SINR that is above a
certain threshold) based on reference signals received on high band
carrier 205-b. Alternatively, UE 115-a may wake-up for the extended
on-duration 440 and may fail to detect control information in PDCCH
415 or data in PDSCH 420. In both cases, a beam failure event may
be triggered. Such a beam failure event may occur when UE 115-a is
no longer in a coverage area of a mmW cell due to mobility,
orientation change, or other factors. After the beam failure event
is triggered, UE 115-a may initiate a beam recovery procedure. As
part of the beam recovery procedure, UE 115-a may transmit an
indication (e.g., on high-band carrier 205-b or low-band carrier
210-b) to base station 105-a that the UE 115-a failed to identify a
candidate beam for communications with base station 105-a or that
the UE 115-a failed to receive control information in PDCCH 415 or
data in PDSCH 420. UE 115-a may then communicate with base station
105-a to attempt to re-establish a connection on high-band carrier
205-b to receive the data intended for UE 115-a.
[0088] In the example of FIG. 5, base station 105-a may identify
data to transmit to UE 115-a on high-band carrier 205-c, and base
station 105-a may transmit an activation command to UE 115-a for UE
115-a to establish a connection with the base station 105-a on the
high-band carrier 205-c and begin monitoring the high-band carrier
205-c for the data from base station 105-a. Base station 105-a may
then transmit the data to UE 115-a during active mode 505 on
high-band carrier 205-c. In some cases, after the original data
transmission, there may be no further communications on the
high-band carrier 205-c between base station 105-a and UE 115-a for
a time period 510. In such cases, an inactivity timer monitored by
UE 115-a may expire after time period 510, and UE 115-a may
determine to activate a C-DRX mode on high-band carrier 205-c.
[0089] In the C-DRX mode, UE 115-a may be scheduled to monitor the
high-band carrier 205-c discontinuously at recurring on-durations.
As described herein, base station 105-a may transmit wake-up
signaling on low-band carrier 210-c to UE 115-a to indicate the
on-durations for UE 115-a to monitor for data from base station
105-a. Prior to on-duration 525, base station 105-a may identify
data to transmit to UE 115-a. Accordingly, base station 105-a may
transmit wake-up signaling 530 to UE 115-a for UE 115-a to wake up
in on-duration 525. UE 115-a may receive wake-up signaling 530 and
may wake up to monitor high-band carrier 205-c in on-duration 525
based on wake-up signaling 530. As discussed above, however, before
monitoring for control and data information from base station 105-a
during on-duration 525, it may be appropriate for base station
105-a and UE 115-a to perform a beam management procedure during
time period 535 to identify an appropriate beam for communications
in on-duration 525. Thus, the on-duration may be extended (as
represented by extended on-duration 540).
[0090] In the example of FIG. 5, base station 105-a may transmit
(e.g., broadcast) cell specific reference signals 545 (e.g.,
synchronization signals) on high-band carrier 205-c. In some cases,
the cell-specific reference signals 545 may be transmitted
periodically (as illustrated). The cell-specific reference signals
may be transmitted on multiple beams such that UE 115-a may be able
to identify an appropriate beam for communications with base
station 105-a in on-duration 525. UE 115-a may receive the
reference signals 545 and may identify a candidate beam for
communications with base station 105-a in on-duration 525 based on
the reference signals 545. The candidate beam may be associated
with the highest reliability of all the beams available to base
station 105-a and UE 115-a. UE 115-a may then transmit an
indication of the candidate beam to base station 105-a in a
measurement report 550 on the high-band carrier 205-c or on
low-band carrier 205-c. Base station 105-a may receive the
measurement report 550 and may identify the candidate beam selected
by UE 115-a.
[0091] Base station 105-a may then transmit PDCCH 515 using the
candidate beam in on-duration 525 to schedule a data transmission
to UE 115-a in PDSCH 520 in on-duration 525, and base station 105-a
may transmit the data in PDSCH 520. UE 115-a may then receive the
data in PDSCH 520 using the candidate beam based on the control
information received in PDCCH 515. Although FIG. 5 illustrates that
the control information is transmitted in PDCCH 515 on high-band
carrier 205-c, in other examples, the control information may be
transmitted in PDCCH 515 on low-band carrier 210-c. In some cases,
the location of the resources used by base station 105-a to
transmit the cell-specific reference signals 545 may be
predetermined independent of the location of the on-duration
525.
[0092] Similarly, the location of the resources used by UE 115-a to
transmit the measurement report 550 may be resources configured
independent of the location of the on-duration 525 (e.g.,
scheduling request resources or random-access channel (RACH)
resources). Thus, the wake-up signaling may be transmitted prior to
on-duration 525 based on the location of the pre-configured
resources used to transmit the reference signals 545 and the
location of the pre-configured resources used to transmit the
measurement report 550. In particular, the wake-up signaling may be
transmitted before at least some reference signals are transmitted
on high-band carrier 205-c and before a location of a set of uplink
resources available to transmit the measurement report (e.g., where
the reference signals 545 are transmitted before on-duration 525
and the uplink resources are available before on-duration 525).
[0093] In some aspects, UE 115-a may wake up for the extended
on-duration 540 and may fail to detect reference signals on
high-band carrier 205-c or may fail to detect a beam having
reasonable quality (e.g., associated with an SINR that is above a
certain threshold) based on reference signals received on high band
carrier 205-c. Alternatively, UE 115-a may wake up for the extended
on-duration 540 and may fail to detect control information in PDCCH
515 or data in PDSCH 520. In such cases, a beam failure event may
be triggered. Such a beam failure event may occur when UE 115-a is
no longer in a coverage area of a mmW cell due to mobility,
orientation change, or other factors. After the beam failure event
is triggered, UE 115-a may initiate a beam recovery procedure. As
part of the beam recovery procedure, UE 115-a may transmit an
indication (e.g., on high-band carrier 205-c or low-band carrier
210-c) to base station 105-a that UE 115-a failed to identify a
candidate beam for communications with base station 105-a or that
UE 115-a failed to receive control information in PDCCH 515 or data
in PDSCH 520. UE 115-a may then communicate with base station 105-a
to attempt to re-establish a connection on high-band carrier 205-c
to receive the data intended for UE 115-a.
[0094] Although FIGS. 3-5 illustrate examples of communications on
high-band carrier 205 and low-band carrier 210 in an unshared radio
frequency spectrum, in other examples, high-band carrier 205 and/or
low-band carrier 210 may be configured for use in a shared radio
frequency spectrum. For example, FIG. 6 illustrates an example of
communications on a high-band carrier 205-d in an unshared radio
frequency spectrum and on a low-band carrier 210-d in a shared
radio frequency spectrum in accordance with aspects of the present
disclosure. UE 115-a may communicate with base station 105-a in an
active mode on high-band carrier 205-d before transitioning to a
DRX mode on high-band carrier 205-d. After transitioning to the DRX
mode on high-band carrier 205-d, UE 115-a may be scheduled to wake
up periodically during on-durations 605 to communicate with base
station 105-a. As described herein, however, UE 115-a may wake up
during a scheduled on-duration 605 after receiving wake-up
signaling on low-band carrier 210-d indicating the presence of data
in the on-duration 605.
[0095] In the example of FIG. 6, base station 105-a may identify,
in a period 610 during which base station 105-a may not have access
to low-band carrier 210-d, data to transmit to UE 115-a. Thus,
prior to transmitting wake-up signaling on low-band carrier 210-d,
base station 105-a may contend to access low-band carrier 210-d
(e.g., using an LBT procedure). Base station 105-a may gain access
to low-band carrier 210-d in period 615, and base station 105-a may
then transmit wake-up signaling 620 in period 615. Because base
station 105-a may have to wait until period 615 to transmit the
wake-up signaling 620 (i.e., after identifying the data to transmit
in period 610), the data transmission may be delayed. In
particular, rather than transmitting the wake-up signaling 620 in
period 610 for a data transmission in on-duration 605-a, base
station 105-a may transmit the wake-up signaling 620 in period 615
for a data transmission in on-duration 605-b. Thus, the data
transmission may be delayed by a time period 625.
[0096] In some cases, the data transmission may be further delayed
due to a delay in a beam management procedure caused by the
low-band carrier 210-d being in a shared radio frequency spectrum.
For example, if UE 115-a is configured to transmit a measurement
report to base station 105-a on low-band carrier 210-d, UE 115-a
may have to gain access to low-band carrier 210-d prior to
transmitting the measurement report. As a result, the transmission
of the measurement report may be delayed, and the data transmission
may be further delayed. Thus, a transmission in an on-duration of
the high-band carrier 205-d may be delayed until base station 105-a
is able to gain access to low-band carrier 210-d to transmit
wake-up signaling and/or until UE 115-a is able to gain access to
low-band carrier 210-d to transmit a measurement report. Similarly,
if high-band carrier 205-d is configured for use in a shared radio
frequency spectrum, base station 105-a may have to gain access to
high-band carrier 205-d to transmit reference signals for a beam
management procedure and to transmit control information and data
to UE 115-a. Thus, the transmission of the reference signals,
control information, and data may be delayed until the base station
105-a is able to gain access to high-band carrier 205-d.
[0097] Further, although the examples above describe that UE 115-a
may monitor a low-band carrier 210 in an active mode (e.g., active
modes 305-b, 405-b, and 505-b described with reference to FIGS. 3,
4, and 5, respectively), in other examples, UE 115-a may be
configured to monitor low-band carrier 210 discontinuously based on
a C-DRX cycle. In such examples, when base station 105-a identifies
data to transmit to UE 115-a, base station 105-a may have to wait
until a next on-duration of the C-DRX cycle on the low-band carrier
210 to transmit wake-up signaling to UE 115-a. Accordingly, a
transmission in an on-duration of the high-band carrier 205 may be
delayed until the base station 105-a is able to transmit the
wake-up signaling on low-band carrier (i.e., in an on-duration of
the C-DRX cycle on low-band carrier 210).
[0098] FIG. 7 illustrates example techniques for monitoring a
low-band carrier 210-e in a shared radio frequency spectrum for
wake-up signaling based on a C-DRX cycle in accordance with aspects
of the present disclosure. UE 115-a may communicate with base
station 105-a in an active mode on high-band carrier 205-e before
transitioning to a DRX mode on high-band carrier 205-e. After
transitioning to the DRX mode on high-band carrier 205-e, UE 115-a
may be scheduled to wake up periodically during on-durations 705 to
communicate with base station 105-a. As described herein, however,
UE 115-a may wake up during a scheduled on-duration 705 after
receiving wake-up signaling on low-band carrier 210-e indicating
the presence of data in the on-duration 705. For instance, UE 115-a
may wake up during a scheduled on-duration 705-b after receiving
wake-up signaling 720 on low-band carrier (e.g., in a monitoring
occasion 710-c).
[0099] In the example of FIG. 7, UE 115-a may be configured to
monitor low-band carrier 210-e for wake-up signaling based on a
C-DRX cycle. In particular, UE 115-a may be scheduled to monitor
low-band carrier 210-e for wake-up signaling during on-durations
705 based on the C-DRX cycle. Since low-band carrier 210-e may be
located in a shared radio frequency spectrum, base station 105-a
may have to gain access to low-band carrier 210-e prior to
transmitting wake-up signaling. However, the duration of a CCA
procedure 715 used to gain access to low-band carrier 210-e may
vary, and, as a result, the location of wake-up signaling 720 on
low-band carrier 210-e may also vary.
[0100] As described herein, UE 115-a may be configured to monitor a
longer time window for wake-up signaling in a shared radio
frequency spectrum (i.e., UE 115-a may be configured with a longer
on-duration) than a time window monitored for wake-up signaling in
an unshared radio frequency spectrum (e.g., since wake-up signal
locations may be fixed in an unshared radio frequency spectrum).
Further, since the location of the wake-up signaling may be
variable, base station 105-a may specify, via control signaling
transmitted along with the wake-up signaling, a timing interval
between the wake-up signaling in the low-band carrier 210-e and
reference signals transmitted in high-band carrier 205-e. As such,
UE 115-a may receive the indication of the timing interval, and UE
115-a may be able to identify the location of reference signals to
use for beam measurements (e.g., as part of a beam management
procedure). If base station 105-a misses a wake-up signaling
opportunity due to CCA failure, base station 105-a may initiate an
early CCA procedure to gain access to low- band carrier 210-e for a
subsequent wake-up signaling opportunity.
[0101] In addition to transmitting wake-up signaling on a low-band
carrier, base station 105-a may transmit a PDCCH on the low-band
carrier. The PDCCH may include scheduling information for a data
transmission to UE 115-a in a PDSCH on a high-band carrier, an
indication of reference signal beam occasions on a high-band
carrier, etc. FIG. 8 illustrates example techniques for
transmitting a PDCCH on a low-band carrier in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure.
[0102] In one example of FIG. 8, UE 115-a may monitor low-band
carrier 210-f for wake-up signaling during on-durations 805 based
on a C-DRX cycle. UE 115-a may fail to receive wake-up signaling
during on-durations 805-a and 805-b. Thus, UE 115-a may avoid
waking up during corresponding on-durations on a high-band carrier
for data on the high-band carrier. UE 115-a may then receive
wake-up signaling 815-a during on-duration 805-c (e.g., wake-up
signaling transmitted by base station 105-a after a CCA procedure
810-a), and, based on receiving the wake-up signaling 815-a, UE
115-a may extend on-duration 805-c to receive a PDCCH 820-a during
on-duration 805-c. That is, base station 105-a may transmit wake-up
signaling 815-a and control information in a PDCCH 820-a in a
single transmission opportunity (i.e., after performing a single
CCA procedure 810-a and without giving up the shared radio
frequency spectrum between the wake-up signaling 815-a and PDCCH
820-a). In some cases, base station 105-a may pre-configure PDCCH
monitoring occasions via RRC signaling or base station 105-a may
include a layer 1 indication in a wake-up signaling message to
indicate a PDCCH monitoring occasion.
[0103] In another example of FIG. 8, UE 115-a may monitor low-band
carrier 210-g for wake-up signaling during on-durations 805 based
on a C-DRX cycle. UE 115-a may fail to receive wake-up signaling
during on-durations 805-d and 805-e. Thus, UE 115-a may avoid
waking up during corresponding on-durations on a high-band carrier
for data on the high-band carrier. UE 115-a may then receive
wake-up signaling 815-b during on-duration 805-c (e.g., wake-up
signaling transmitted by base station 105-a after a CCA procedure
810-b), and, based on receiving the wake-up signaling 815-b, UE
115-a may determine to wake up during a subsequent monitoring
occasion 825 (e.g., a PDCCH monitoring occasion) to receive a PDCCH
820-b (e.g., after transitioning to a sleep mode after receiving
the wake-up signaling). That is, base station 105-a may transmit
wake-up signaling 815-b in one transmission opportunity (e.g.,
after performing a first CCA procedure 810-b to capture the shared
radio frequency spectrum), and base station 105-a may transmit a
PDCCH 820-b in another transmission opportunity (e.g., after
performing a second CCA procedure 810-c to recapture the shared
radio frequency spectrum). As such, the base station 105-a may
transmit wake-up signaling 815-b and PDCCH 820-b in different
transmission opportunities, and thus may perform separate CCA
procedures 810-b and 810-c to capture and recapture the shared
radio frequency spectrum. In some cases, base station 105-a may
indicate a location of a PDCCH monitoring occasion via a wake-up
signaling message. Further, some information about a search space
for UE 115-a to monitor for PDCCH 820-b may be pre-configured
(e.g., time-frequency resources offset from an initial time).
[0104] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of resources 900 used by a UE
115-a to transmit a measurement report 940 on a low-band carrier
210-h in a shared radio frequency spectrum in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure. In the example of FIG. 9, UE
115-a may receive wake-up signaling 920 in a monitoring occasion
905-b for a data transmission in on-duration 910 (e.g., where base
station 105-a may perform CCA 915 prior to transmitting the wake-up
signaling 920). UE 115-a may then perform a beam management
procedure 925 (e.g., UE 115-a may perform beam measurements based
on reference signals received from base station 105-a, as discussed
above). In some cases, UE 115-a may determine to transmit a
measurement report 940 for the beam management procedure 925 on
low-band carrier 210-h. Since low-band carrier 210-h may be in a
shared radio frequency spectrum, the transmission of the
measurement report 940 may be delayed (e.g., the interval between
the beam management procedure 925 and the measurement report 940
may be variable). As such, UE 115-a may receive PDCCH 930 and PDSCH
935 from base station 105-a on a previously configured beam. UE
115-a may then perform CCA 915, and, if UE 115-a is able to gain
access to low-band carrier 210-h, UE 115-a may transmit the
measurement report 940. In some examples, UE 115-a may be
configured to use scheduled uplink or autonomous uplink resources
to transmit the measurement report 940 (e.g., if the UE 115-a is
unable to gain access to low-band carrier 210-h).
[0105] In some aspects, UE 115-a may wake up for the on-duration
(or extended on-duration) 910 and may fail to detect reference
signals on high-band carrier 205-f or may fail to detect a beam
having reasonable quality (e.g., associated with an SINR that is
above a certain threshold) based on reference signals received on
high band carrier 205-f. Alternatively, UE 115-a may wake up for
the on-duration 910 and may fail to detect control information in
PDCCH 930 or data in PDSCH 935. In such cases, a beam failure event
may be triggered. Such a beam failure event may occur when UE 115-a
is no longer in a coverage area of a mmW cell due to mobility,
orientation change, or other factors. After the beam failure event
is triggered, UE 115-a may initiate a beam recovery procedure.
[0106] As part of the beam recovery procedure, UE 115-a may
transmit an indication (e.g., on high-band carrier 205-c or
low-band carrier 210-c) to base station 105-a that UE 115-a failed
to identify a candidate beam for communications with base station
105-a or that UE 115-a failed to receive control information in
PDCCH 930 or data in PDSCH 935. The indication may be referred to
as a failure detection signal. In some cases, if UE 115-a is
configured to transmit the failure detection signal on a carrier in
a shared radio frequency spectrum, the UE 115-a may have to gain
access to a channel to transmit the failure detection signal (i.e.,
the failure detection signal may be gated by CCA). In such cases,
UE 115-a may be configured to use scheduled uplink or autonomous
uplink resources to transmit the failure detection signal. UE 115-a
may then communicate with base station 105-a to attempt to
re-establish a connection on high-band carrier 205-c to receive the
data intended for UE 115-a.
[0107] In some cases, the transmission of the wake-up signaling may
be further delayed due to the numerology of the high-band carrier
being different from the numerology of the low-band carrier.
Because the numerologies of the high-band carrier and the low-band
carrier may be different, the sleep state durations in the C-DRX
cycles on both carriers may be different. Thus, the C-DRX cycle on
the high-band carrier 205 may not be synchronized with the C-DRX
cycle on the low-band carrier 210 (e.g., the time between
on-durations in the two C-DRX cycles may be inconsistent). As a
result, when base station 105-a identifies data to transmit to UE
115-a prior to an on-duration on the high-band carrier 205, and no
on-duration is scheduled on the low-band carrier 210 prior to the
on-duration on the high-band carrier 205, base station 105-a may
have to delay the transmission of the data until a next on-duration
on the high-band carrier.
[0108] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a state diagram 1000 that
supports techniques for low-band anchored high-band connections in
wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present
disclosure. In some examples, state diagram 1000 may illustrate
states that may be implemented at UEs 115 of wireless
communications system 100 or 200. In the example of FIG. 10, a UE
may initially be in an idle (not camped) state 1005, in which the
UE has not established a connection with a base station. The UE
may, upon establishing a connection with a base station in a
low-band, move to an idle low-band (camped) state 1010, in which
the UE is camped on a low-band carrier. The UE may transition to a
connected low-band state 1015 when data is to be transmitted
between the UE and the base station on the low band carrier. Such a
transmission may be signaled, for example, by RRC signaling from
the base station. In some cases, when the UE is in the connected
low-band state 1015, the base station may pre-configure the UE with
a number of high-bands that may be monitored and used for a
high-band connection.
[0109] In the example of FIG. 10, the UE may transition to a
connected low-band (high-band activated) state 1020. In some cases,
the base station may transmit a high-band or mmW activation command
1025 to the UE, and the UE enters the connected low-band (high-band
activated) state 1020 responsive to the activation command 1025. In
some cases, the UE may perform one or more measurements or
evaluations to determine whether a high-band connection can be
established, and if so, whether high-band uplink data and/or
control transmissions are supported. The UE may exit the connected
low-band (high-band activated) state 1020 responsive to a high-band
or mmW deactivation command 1030. In some cases, the UE may enter
and exit the connected low-band (high-band activated) state 1020
from the idle low-band camped state 1010 responsive to a paging
message received from the low-band base station.
[0110] Thus, in such cases, the UE may camp on a low-band, and
high-band or mmW communications may be opportunistically activated
and deactivated based on current data traffic conditions and
conditions at the UE. In some cases, the low-band base station may
transmit a mmW activation command 1025 upon determining that, for
example, data traffic at the UE would benefit from a mmW
connection. As indicated above, the base station may pre- configure
the UE with a set of high-bands. Once the UE receives the mmW
activation command 1025, the UE may attempt to find and join one of
the pre-configured mmW cells. In some cases, different levels of
levels of pre-configuration may be provided. For example, such
pre-configuration information may include a list of cells and
channels that are available for mmW connections, and the UE may
measure the configured channels for reference signals from the
configured cells. In other cases, the pre-configuration information
may include information for the UE to connect to any given cell in
any of a number of sub-states that may be selected based on a
currently supported mode for high-band communications at the UE, an
example of which is discussed with respect to FIG. 11.
[0111] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a state diagram 1100 that
supports techniques for low-band anchored high-band connections in
wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present
disclosure. In some examples, state diagram 1100 may illustrate
states that may be implemented at UEs 115 of wireless
communications system 100 or 200. In the example of FIG. 11, a UE
may be in a connected low-band (high-band activated) state 1105. As
discussed above, the UE may enter such a state upon receipt of an
activation command while in a connected low-band or idle low-band
(camped) state, as discussed above with respect to FIG. 10.
[0112] In some cases, upon receiving the activation command, the UE
may monitor for reference signals on a high-band (e.g., discovery
reference signal (DRS), channel state information reference signal
(CSI-RS), UE-specific reference signal (UE-RS), etc.) and measure
received reference signals (e.g., perform a reference signal
received power (RSRP) measurement, or other measurement) to select
a high-band carrier for an attempt to activate the high-band
connection. In some cases, additionally or alternatively, the UE
may determine one or more UE parameters that may impact a high-band
connection, such as a link budget for uplink transmissions, whether
maximum permissible exposure (MPE) at the UE is at or near a
threshold MPE value, a UE battery state, a context of the UE, one
or more applications running at the UE, or any combination thereof.
Based on the measured reference signals and the current UE
parameters, the UE may determine one of a number of sub-states that
correspond to a currently supported mode for an activated high-band
connection.
[0113] In the example of FIG. 11, the UE may enter a high-band not
found state 1110, if the UE is not able to detect any high-band
reference signals having a channel quality that is sufficient to
support a high-band connection (e.g., measured RSRP values from
high-band transmitters are below a threshold value). In some cases,
the high-band not found state 1110 may be a result of
occlusion/shadowing of a high-band antenna at the UE and may be a
transient condition. Thus, in some cases, a UE may periodically
perform the measurements and/or determinations of the one or more
UE parameters. UE may transition from any sub-state to any other
sub-state based on the one or more measurements and/or
determinations of the UE parameters.
[0114] In some cases, the UE may enter a high-band downlink only
state 1115. Such a state may be entered if, for example, the UE
does not have sufficient link budget for high-band uplink
transmissions, does not have sufficient battery power to support
high-band uplink transmissions, is at an MPE threshold, or any
combination thereof. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE
context/applications may indicate to the UE that high-band uplink
transmissions are not needed. In such cases, the UE may operate in
a high-band downlink reception mode as the currently supported mode
for the activated high-band connection.
[0115] In other cases, the UE may enter a high-band downlink only
plus uplink control state 1120. Such a state may be entered if, for
example, the UE does have some link budget for a limited number of
high-band uplink transmissions, has sufficient battery power to
support a limited number of high-band uplink transmissions, is
approaching an MPE threshold, or any combination thereof.
Additionally, or alternatively, the UE context/applications may
indicate to the UE that any data that is to be transmitted may be
sufficiently handled by the low-band connection, and thus that
high-band uplink data transmissions are not needed but high-band
uplink control transmissions may be transmitted. In some cases,
high-band uplink control transmissions may be preferable to
low-band control transmissions (e.g., if low-band transmissions use
shared spectrum it may be more reliable to transmit control using
high-band transmissions). In such cases, the UE may operate in a
high-band downlink only plus uplink control mode as the currently
supported mode for the activated high-band connection.
[0116] In the example of FIG. 11, the UE may also enter a high-band
downlink plus uplink state 1125. Such a state may be entered if,
for example, the UE has sufficient link budget for high-band uplink
data transmissions, has sufficient battery power to support
high-band uplink data transmissions, is below an MPE threshold, or
any combination thereof. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE
context/applications may indicate to the UE that significant
amounts of data are likely to be transmitted that may not be
sufficiently served by the low-band connection. In some cases,
high-band uplink data (and/or control) transmissions may be
preferable to low-band transmissions (e.g., if low-band
transmissions use shared spectrum it may be more reliable to
transmit using high-band transmissions). In such cases, the UE may
operate in a high-band downlink plus uplink mode as the currently
supported mode for the activated high-band connection.
[0117] In some cases, the UE may also enter a high-band C-DRX state
1130. Such a state may be entered if, for example, the UE has
limited battery power to support monitoring a high-band carrier or
if significant amounts of bursty data is likely to be transmitted.
Additionally, or alternatively, the UE context/applications may
indicate to the UE that significant amounts of data are likely to
be transmitted that may not be sufficiently served by the low-band
connection. In some cases, high-band uplink data (and/or control)
transmissions may be preferable to low-band transmissions (e.g., if
low-band transmissions use shared spectrum it may be more reliable
to transmit using high-band transmissions).
[0118] As indicated, in some cases, transition between UE high-band
states 1110-1130 may happen dynamically while in the connected
low-band (high-band activated) state 1105, and such a state
transition may be signaled on either a high-band carrier or a
low-band carrier. In some cases, uplink resources may be provided
for uplink transmissions associated with high-band activation. In
some cases, such uplink resources may allow for efficient usage
overhead and provide timelines for relatively fast signaling of
high-band states or high-band state transitions. Further, in some
cases, uplink resources configured on high-band connections may be
preferred in cases where channel access on a low-band shared
spectrum may have unbounded delays due to contention-based access
procedures (e.g., LBT procedures). In some cases, a base station
may reserve uplink resources on both the low-band and high-band
connections that may be used to allow the UE to signal its
high-band state. In some cases, the uplink resource may include
RACH resources, which may be contention-free RACH resources and/or
RACH resources that are provisioned to distinguish UE IDs and
UE-states. In some cases, the uplink resources may include,
additionally or alternatively to the RACH resources, physical
uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources, autonomous UL resources,
or combinations thereof.
[0119] In some cases, upon receiving an activation command to
activate a high-band connection, a UE may determine a preferred
high-band carrier and the currently supported mode for the
activated high-band connection. In cases where high-band
connections may be used for uplink signaling, the UE may transmit a
first message (Msg#1), which may be transmitted on a preferred
high-band carrier to a base station using a preferred transmission
beam. The first message may include the state of the UE for the
high-band connection. The UE may then receive a second message
(Msg#2), which may include an acknowledgment from the base station.
In some cases, the second message may also include an RRC
reconfiguration command to reconfigure the high-band connection.
The UE may then, in some cases, transmit a third message (Msg#3),
which may be an RRC reconfiguration complete message, following
which data transmissions may be transmitted using the high-band
connection, based on high-band provisioned resources for the UE
that correspond to the communicated state of the UE.
[0120] In some cases, uplink resources may be configured on the
low-band connection. In some cases, low-band resources may be
provided for signaling following the high-band activation message.
In some cases, the low-band resources may be periodically
configured to allow a UE to transmit when a high-band connection is
not available or usable by the UE. In such cases, following the
determination of the preferred high-band base station and the
currently supported mode for the activated high-band connection,
the UE may transmit a first message (Msg#1), which may indicate,
for example, a preferred high-band carrier, a preferred high-band
beam identification, a UE high-band state (e.g., high-band downlink
only, high-band fail, etc.). The UE may then receive a second
message (Msg#2), which may include an acknowledgment on the
low-band carrier. In some cases, the second message may also
include an RRC reconfiguration command to reconfigure the high-band
connection. The UE may then, in some cases, transmit a third
message (Msg#3), which may be an RRC reconfiguration complete
message, following which data transmissions may be transmitted
using the high-band connection, the low-band connection, or
combinations thereof (e.g., high-band downlink transmissions and
low-band uplink transmissions), based on provisioned resources for
the UE that correspond to the communicated state of the UE.
[0121] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a process flow 1200 in
accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Process flow
1200 illustrates aspects of techniques performed by a base station
105-b, which may be an example of a base station described with
reference to FIGS. 1-11. Process flow 1200 also illustrates aspects
of techniques performed by a UE 115-b, which may be an example of a
UE described with reference to FIGS. 1-11. Although the techniques
described below with reference to FIG. 12 discuss a downlink
transmission, it is to be understood that the same techniques may
be applied for uplink transmissions.
[0122] At 1205, base station 105-b may configure a first carrier
and a second carrier for communications with UE 115-a. In some
cases, the first carrier may be a high-band carrier and the second
carrier may be a low-band carrier. UE 115-a may be configured to
monitor the low-band carrier as an anchor carrier in an active
mode. In some cases, base station 105-b may identify data to
transmit to UE 115-b on the high-band carrier, and base station
105-b may transmit an activate command to UE 115-b for UE 115-b to
establish a connection with base station 105-b on the high-band
carrier and monitor the high-band carrier for the data from the
base station 105-b. At 1210, base station 105-b may transmit the
data to UE 115-b.
[0123] After a certain period of inactivity after the data
transmission at 1210, at 1215, UE 115-b may activate a C-DRX mode
on the high-band carrier. As described herein, the UE 115-b may be
configured to wake up during an on-duration of the C-DRX mode after
receiving wake-up signaling on the low-band carrier prior to the
on-duration. Thus, after activating the C-DRX mode at 1215, UE
115-b may avoid waking for on-durations if no wake-up signaling is
received on the low-band carrier. Alternatively, base station 105-b
may transmit signaling for each scheduled on-duration of the C-DRX
cycle without data to indicate the absence of data in the scheduled
on-duration.
[0124] At 1220, base station 105-b may identify data to transmit to
UE 115-b in an on-duration of the C-DRX cycle. As such, at 1225,
base station 105-b may transmit wake-up signaling on a low-band
carrier to UE 115-b prior to the on-duration. UE 115-b may receive
the wake-up signaling, and, at 1230, UE 115-b may wake up during
the on-duration to monitor for data from base station 105-b. In
some cases, before receiving the data from base station 105-b on
the high-band carrier, it may be appropriate for UE 115-b to
perform a beam management procedure to identify an appropriate beam
for base station 105-b to use to transmit the data on the high-band
carrier and for UE 115-b to use to receive the data on the
high-band carrier.
[0125] As such, at 1235, base station 105-b may transmit reference
signals to UE 115-b on the high-band carrier for UE 115-b to use to
identify a candidate beam for communications with base station
105-b. UE 115-b may receive the reference signals on the high-band
carrier and, in some cases, may identify a candidate beam for
communicating with base station 105-b based on the reference
signals. At 1240, UE 115-b may then transmit an indication of the
candidate beam in a beam measurement report on the high-band
carrier or the low-band carrier to base station 105-b. In other
cases, UE 115-b may fail to identify a candidate beam for
communicating with base station 105-b, and UE 115-b may transmit an
indication of the failure to identify the candidate beam to base
station 105-b. The reference signals used to attempt to identify
the candidate beam may be cell-specific reference signals or
UE-specific reference signals.
[0126] Once base station 105-b and UE 115-b identifies the
candidate beam for communications in an on-duration, at 1245, base
station 105-b may transmit control information (e.g., in a PDCCH or
in another channel) using the candidate beam to UE 115-b to
schedule a data transmission in the on-duration on the high-band
carrier. Base station 105-b may then transmit the data to UE 115-b
on the high-band carrier using the candidate beam, and UE 115-b may
receive the data on the high-band carrier using the candidate beam.
In some cases, after receiving the data on the high-band carrier,
UE 115-b may fail to receive wake-up signaling on the high-band
carrier for a predefined duration. In such cases, an inactivity
monitored by UE 115-b may expire, and UE 115-b may deactivate the
C-DRX cycle on the high-band carrier.
[0127] FIG. 13 shows a block diagram 1300 of a wireless device 1305
in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless
device 1305 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described
herein. Wireless device 1305 may include receiver 1310, UE
communications manager 1315, and transmitter 1320. Wireless device
1305 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be
in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more
buses).
[0128] Receiver 1310 may receive information such as packets, user
data, or control information associated with various information
channels (e.g., control channels and data channels). Information
may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver
1310 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1635 described
with reference to FIG. 16. The receiver 1310 may utilize a single
antenna or a set of antennas.
[0129] UE communications manager 1315 may be an example of aspects
of the UE communications manager 1615 described with reference to
FIG. 16. UE communications manager 1315 and/or at least some of its
various sub-components may be implemented in hardware, software
executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If
implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions of
the UE communications manager 1315 and/or at least some of its
various sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose
processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an
application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an
field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic
device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware
components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the
functions described in the present disclosure.
[0130] The UE communications manager 1315 and/or at least some of
its various sub- components may be physically located at various
positions, including being distributed such that portions of
functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or
more physical devices. In some examples, UE communications manager
1315 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be a
separate and distinct component in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. In other examples, UE communications manager
1315 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be
combined with one or more other hardware components, including but
not limited to an I/O component, a transceiver, a network server,
another computing device, one or more other components described in
the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure.
[0131] UE communications manager 1315 may monitor a first carrier
for wake-up signaling from a base station, the wake-up signaling
being for a DRX cycle on a second carrier, receive wake-up
signaling on the first carrier prior to an on-duration in the DRX
cycle, the wake-up signaling indicating a presence of data on the
second carrier in the on-duration, and wake up for the on-duration
to receive the data on the second carrier based on receiving the
wake-up signaling.
[0132] Transmitter 1320 may transmit signals generated by other
components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter 1320
may be collocated with a receiver 1310 in a transceiver module. For
example, the transmitter 1320 may be an example of aspects of the
transceiver 1635 described with reference to FIG. 16. The
transmitter 1320 may utilize a single antenna or a set of
antennas.
[0133] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram 1400 of a wireless device 1405
in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless
device 1405 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device 1305
or a UE 115 as described with reference to FIG. 13. Wireless device
1405 may include receiver 1410, UE communications manager 1415, and
transmitter 1420. Wireless device 1405 may also include a
processor. Each of these components may be in communication with
one another (e.g., via one or more buses).
[0134] Receiver 1410 may receive information such as packets, user
data, or control information associated with various information
channels (e.g., control channels and data channels). Information
may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver
1410 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1635 described
with reference to FIG. 16. The receiver 1410 may utilize a single
antenna or a set of antennas.
[0135] UE communications manager 1415 may be an example of aspects
of the UE communications manager 1615 described with reference to
FIG. 16. UE communications manager 1415 may include carrier manager
1425, wake-up signaling manager 1430, and DRX manager 1435.
[0136] Carrier manager 1425 may monitor a first carrier for wake-up
signaling from a base station, the wake-up signaling being for a
DRX cycle on a second carrier. Wake-up signaling manager 1430 may
receive wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to an
on-duration in the DRX cycle, the wake-up signaling indicating a
presence of data on the second carrier in the on-duration. DRX
manager 1435 may then wake up for the on-duration to receive the
data on the second carrier based on receiving the wake-up
signaling.
[0137] In some cases, DRX manager 1435 may receive signaling
indicating an absence of data in a subsequent on-duration, and DRX
manager 1435 may avoid waking up for the subsequent on-duration
based on receiving the signaling indicating the absence of data in
the subsequent on-duration. In some cases, DRX manager 1435 may
fail to receive wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to a
subsequent on-duration in the DRX cycle, and DRX manager 1435 may
avoid waking up for the subsequent on-duration based on failing to
receive the wake-up signaling.
[0138] In some cases, DRX manager 1435 may receive an indication
from the base station to activate the DRX cycle on the second
carrier, where the indication is received on the first carrier, and
DRX manager 1435 may activate the DRX cycle on the second carrier
based on receiving the indication. In some cases, DRX manager 1435
may fail to receive wake-up signaling on the first carrier for a
predefined duration, determine that an inactivity timer associated
with the DRX cycle has expired based on failing to receive the
wake-up signaling on the first carrier for the predefined duration,
and deactivate the DRX cycle on the second carrier based on the
determination.
[0139] In some cases, the first carrier is monitored in an active
mode or another DRX cycle is used on the first carrier. In some
cases, the first carrier includes a low frequency band carrier and
the second carrier includes a high frequency band carrier. In some
cases, the first carrier or the second carrier includes an unshared
radio frequency spectrum band or a shared radio frequency spectrum
band. In some cases, the unshared radio frequency spectrum band
includes a radio frequency spectrum band licensed to a single
operator, and the shared radio frequency spectrum band includes a
radio frequency spectrum band that is unlicensed, licensed to
multiple operators, or licensed to a single operator with
opportunistic access by other operators.
[0140] Transmitter 1420 may transmit signals generated by other
components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter 1420
may be collocated with a receiver 1410 in a transceiver module. For
example, the transmitter 1420 may be an example of aspects of the
transceiver 1635 described with reference to FIG. 16. The
transmitter 1420 may utilize a single antenna or a set of
antennas.
[0141] FIG. 15 shows a block diagram 1500 of a UE communications
manager 1515 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
The UE communications manager 1515 may be an example of aspects of
a UE communications manager 1315, a UE communications manager 1415,
or a UE communications manager 1615 described with reference to
FIGS. 13, 14, and 16. The UE communications manager 1515 may
include carrier manager 1520, wake-up signaling manager 1525, DRX
manager 1530, beamforming manager 1535, and control information
manager 1540. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or
indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).
[0142] Carrier manager 1520 may monitor a first carrier for wake-up
signaling from a base station, the wake-up signaling being for a
DRX cycle on a second carrier. Wake-up signaling manager 1525 may
receive wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to an
on-duration in the DRX cycle, the wake-up signaling indicating a
presence of data on the second carrier in the on-duration. DRX
manager 1530 may then wake up for the on-duration to receive the
data on the second carrier based on receiving the wake-up
signaling.
[0143] In some cases, the first carrier may be in a shared radio
frequency spectrum band, and the wake-up signaling manager 1525 may
monitor the first carrier for the wake-up signaling using another
DRX cycle. In some cases, DRX manager 1530 may extend an
on-duration of the other DRX cycle used to monitor the first
carrier for the wake-up signaling based at least in part on the
first carrier being in the shared radio frequency spectrum band,
wherein the monitoring the first carrier for wake-up signaling
using the other DRX cycle is based at least in part on the extended
on-duration.
[0144] In some cases, control information manager 1540 may monitor
the first carrier for control information after receiving the
wake-up signaling. In some cases, DRX manager 1530 may extend an
on-duration of the other DRX cycle to monitor the first carrier for
the control information based at least in part on receiving the
wake-up signaling, wherein monitoring the first carrier for the
control information is based at least in part on the extended
on-duration. In some cases, control information manager 1540 may
receive an indication of one or more control information monitoring
occasions, wherein the extending is based at least in part on the
indicated one or more control information monitoring occasions.
[0145] In some cases, wake-up signaling manager 1525 may transition
to a sleep mode after receiving the wake-up signaling, and control
information manager 1540 may wake up to monitor the first carrier
for the control information based at least in part on receiving the
wake-up signaling. In some cases, control information manager 1540
may receive an indication of control information monitoring
occasions, wherein the waking up is based at least in part on the
indicated control information monitoring occasions. In some cases,
control information manager 1540 may receive configuration
information for a search space associated with the control
information, wherein monitoring the first carrier for the control
information is based at least in part on the search space.
[0146] In some cases, DRX manager 1530 may receive signaling
indicating an absence of data in a subsequent on-duration, and DRX
manager 1530 may avoid waking up for the subsequent on-duration
based on receiving the signaling indicating the absence of data in
the subsequent on-duration. In some cases, DRX manager 1530 may
fail to receive wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to a
subsequent on-duration in the DRX cycle, and DRX manager 1530 may
avoid waking up for the subsequent on-duration based on failing to
receive the wake-up signaling.
[0147] In some cases, DRX manager 1530 may receive an indication
from the base station to activate the DRX cycle on the second
carrier, where the indication is received on the first carrier, and
DRX manager 1530 may activate the DRX cycle on the second carrier
based on receiving the indication. In some cases, DRX manager 1530
may fail to receive wake-up signaling on the first carrier for a
predefined duration, determine that an inactivity timer associated
with the DRX cycle has expired based on failing to receive the
wake-up signaling on the first carrier for the predefined duration,
and deactivate the DRX cycle on the second carrier based on the
determination.
[0148] In some cases, beamforming manager 1535 may receive
reference signals from the base station on the second carrier in
the on-duration of the DRX cycle, identify a candidate beam for
communications with the base station based on the received
reference signals, transmit an indication of the candidate beam in
a measurement report to the base station on uplink resources in the
on-duration on the first carrier or the second carrier. In some
cases, the first carrier is in a shared radio frequency spectrum
band, and the beamforming manager 1535 may receive an indication of
a duration between the wake-up signaling received on the first
carrier and the reference signals received on the second carrier.
In other cases, beamforming manager 1535 may receive reference
signals from the base station on the second carrier in the
on-duration of the DRX cycle, fail to identify a candidate beam for
communications with the base station based on the received
reference signals, and transmit an indication of the failure to
identify the candidate beam to the base station on uplink resources
in the on-duration on the first carrier or the second carrier. In
some cases, the first carrier or the second carrier used to
transmit the indication of the failure to identify the candidate
beam is in a shared radio frequency spectrum. In such cases,
beamforming manager 1535 may fail to gain access to a channel to
transmit the indication of the failure to identify the candidate
beam, and beamforming manager 1535 may transmit the indication of
the failure to identify the candidate beam on scheduled or
autonomous uplink resources. In some cases, the reference signals
include cell-specific reference signals or UE-specific reference
signals. In some cases, the on-duration includes an extended
on-duration.
[0149] In some cases, control information manager 1540 may receive
control information on the second carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data from the base station on the second
carrier in the on-duration. In other cases, control information
manager 1540 may receive control information on the first carrier
that schedules a transmission of the data from the base station on
the second carrier in the on-duration. In some cases, the first
carrier is monitored in an active mode or another DRX cycle is used
on the first carrier. In some cases, the first carrier includes a
low frequency band carrier and the second carrier includes a high
frequency band carrier. In some cases, the first carrier or the
second carrier includes an unshared radio frequency spectrum band
or a shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some cases, the
unshared radio frequency spectrum band includes a radio frequency
spectrum band licensed to a single operator, and the shared radio
frequency spectrum band includes a radio frequency spectrum band
that is unlicensed, licensed to multiple operators, or licensed to
a single operator with opportunistic access by other operators.
[0150] FIG. 16 shows a diagram of a system 1600 including a device
1605 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Device
1605 may be an example of or include the components of wireless
device 1305, wireless device 1405, or a UE 115 as described above,
e.g., with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. Device 1605 may include
components for bi-directional voice and data communications
including components for transmitting and receiving communications,
including UE communications manager 1615, processor 1620, memory
1625, software 1630, transceiver 1635, antenna 1640, and I/O
controller 1645. These components may be in electronic
communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1610). Device 1605
may communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations 105.
[0151] Processor 1620 may include an intelligent hardware device,
(e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing
unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable
logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a
discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some
cases, processor 1620 may be configured to operate a memory array
using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may
be integrated into processor 1620. Processor 1620 may be configured
to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory to
perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting dual
band DRX).
[0152] Memory 1625 may include random access memory (RAM) and read
only memory (ROM). The memory 1625 may store computer-readable,
computer-executable software 1630 including instructions that, when
executed, cause the processor to perform various functions
described herein. In some cases, the memory 1625 may contain, among
other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control
basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with
peripheral components or devices.
[0153] Software 1630 may include code to implement aspects of the
present disclosure, including code to support dual band DRX.
Software 1630 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable
medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, the
software 1630 may not be directly executable by the processor but
may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform
functions described herein.
[0154] Transceiver 1635 may communicate bi-directionally, via one
or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For
example, the transceiver 1635 may represent a wireless transceiver
and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless
transceiver. The transceiver 1635 may also include a modem to
modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the
antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from
the antennas.
[0155] In some cases, the wireless device may include a single
antenna 1640. However, in some cases the device may have more than
one antenna 1640, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting
or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
[0156] I/O controller 1645 may manage input and output signals for
device 1605. I/O controller 1645 may also manage peripherals not
integrated into device 1605. In some cases, I/O controller 1645 may
represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral.
In some cases, I/O controller 1645 may utilize an operating system
such as iOS.RTM., ANDROID.RTM., MS-DOS.RTM., MS-WINDOWS.RTM.,
OS/2.RTM., UNIX.RTM., LINUX.RTM., or another known operating
system. In other cases, I/O controller 1645 may represent or
interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a
similar device. In some cases, I/O controller 1645 may be
implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may
interact with device 1605 via I/O controller 1645 or via hardware
components controlled by I/O controller 1645.
[0157] FIG. 17 shows a block diagram 1700 of a wireless device 1705
in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless
device 1705 may be an example of aspects of a base station 105 as
described herein. Wireless device 1705 may include receiver 1710,
base station communications manager 1715, and transmitter 1720.
Wireless device 1705 may also include a processor. Each of these
components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one
or more buses).
[0158] Receiver 1710 may receive information such as packets, user
data, or control information associated with various information
channels (e.g., control channels and data channels). Information
may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver
1710 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 2035 described
with reference to FIG. 20. The receiver 1710 may utilize a single
antenna or a set of antennas.
[0159] Base station communications manager 1715 may be an example
of aspects of the base station communications manager 2015
described with reference to FIG. 20. Base station communications
manager 1715 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may
be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor,
firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software
executed by a processor, the functions of the base station
communications manager 1715 and/or at least some of its various
sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a
DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete
gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any
combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in
the present disclosure.
[0160] The base station communications manager 1715 and/or at least
some of its various sub-components may be physically located at
various positions, including being distributed such that portions
of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one
or more physical devices. In some examples, base station
communications manager 1715 and/or at least some of its various
sub-components may be a separate and distinct component in
accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In other
examples, base station communications manager 1715 and/or at least
some of its various sub-components may be combined with one or more
other hardware components, including but not limited to an I/O
component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing
device, one or more other components described in the present
disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with aspects of
the present disclosure.
[0161] Base station communications manager 1715 may configure a
first carrier and a second carrier for communications with a UE,
identify data to transmit to the UE on the second carrier, transmit
wake-up signaling on the first carrier prior to an on-duration in a
DRX cycle used by the UE on the second carrier, the wake-up
signaling indicating a presence of the data on the second carrier
in the on-duration, and transmit the data to the UE on the second
carrier in the on-duration based on transmitting the wake-up
signaling.
[0162] Transmitter 1720 may transmit signals generated by other
components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter 1720
may be collocated with a receiver 1710 in a transceiver module. For
example, the transmitter 1720 may be an example of aspects of the
transceiver 2035 described with reference to FIG. 20. The
transmitter 1720 may utilize a single antenna or a set of
antennas.
[0163] FIG. 18 shows a block diagram 1800 of a wireless device 1805
in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless
device 1805 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device 1705
or a base station 105 as described with reference to FIG. 17.
Wireless device 1805 may include receiver 1810, base station
communications manager 1815, and transmitter 1820. Wireless device
1805 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be
in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more
buses).
[0164] Receiver 1810 may receive information such as packets, user
data, or control information associated with various information
channels (e.g., control channels and data channels). Information
may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver
1810 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 2035 described
with reference to FIG. 20. The receiver 1810 may utilize a single
antenna or a set of antennas.
[0165] Base station communications manager 1815 may be an example
of aspects of the base station communications manager 2015
described with reference to FIG. 20. Base station communications
manager 1815 may include carrier manager 1825, data manager 1830,
and wake-up signaling manager 1835.
[0166] Carrier manager 1825 may configure a first carrier and a
second carrier for communications with a UE. Data manager 1830 may
identify data to transmit to the UE on the second carrier. Wake-up
signaling manager 1835 may transmit wake-up signaling on the first
carrier prior to an on-duration in a DRX cycle used by the UE on
the second carrier, the wake-up signaling indicating a presence of
the data on the second carrier in the on-duration. Data manager
1830 may then transmit the data to the UE on the second carrier in
the on-duration based at least in part on transmitting the wake-up
signaling.
[0167] In some cases, the first carrier is monitored by the UE in
an active mode or another DRX cycle is used on the first carrier.
In some cases, the first carrier includes a low frequency band
carrier and the second carrier includes a high frequency band
carrier. In some cases, the first carrier or the second carrier
includes an unshared radio frequency spectrum band or a shared
radio frequency spectrum band. In some cases, the unshared radio
frequency spectrum band includes a radio frequency spectrum band
licensed to a single operator, and the shared radio frequency
spectrum band includes a radio frequency spectrum band that is
unlicensed, licensed to multiple operators, or licensed to a single
operator with opportunistic access by other operators.
[0168] Transmitter 1820 may transmit signals generated by other
components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter 1820
may be collocated with a receiver 1810 in a transceiver module. For
example, the transmitter 1820 may be an example of aspects of the
transceiver 2035 described with reference to FIG. 20. The
transmitter 1820 may utilize a single antenna or a set of
antennas.
[0169] FIG. 19 shows a block diagram 1900 of a base station
communications manager 1915 in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The base station communications manager 1915
may be an example of aspects of a base station communications
manager 1715, a base station communications manager 1815, or a base
station communications manager 2015 described with reference to
FIGS. 17, 18, and 20. The base station communications manager 1915
may include carrier manager 1920, data manager 1925, wake-up
signaling manager 1930, DRX manager 1935, beamforming manager 1940,
and control information manager 1945. Each of these modules may
communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via
one or more buses).
[0170] Carrier manager 1920 may configure a first carrier and a
second carrier for communications with a UE. Data manager 1925 may
identify data to transmit to the UE on the second carrier. Wake-up
signaling manager 1930 may transmit wake-up signaling on the first
carrier prior to an on-duration in a DRX cycle used by the UE on
the second carrier, the wake-up signaling indicating a presence of
the data on the second carrier in the on-duration. Data manager
1925 may then transmit the data to the UE on the second carrier in
the on-duration based on transmitting the wake-up signaling.
[0171] In some cases, the first carrier is in a shared radio
frequency spectrum band, and the wake-up signaling manager 1930 may
perform a CCA procedure to gain access to a channel on the first
carrier for a transmission opportunity for transmitting the wake-up
signaling, wherein transmitting the wake-up signaling occurs in the
transmission opportunity. In some cases, wake-up signaling manager
1930 may successfully gain access to the channel on the first
carrier based at least in part on performing the CCA procedure, and
wake-up signaling manager 1930 may transmit the wake-up signaling
in the channel on the first carrier. In some cases, wake-up
signaling manager 1930 may fail to gain access to the channel on
the first carrier, perform an early CCA procedure to gain access to
the channel on the first carrier for a subsequent transmission
opportunity for transmitting the wake-up signaling, successfully
gain access to the channel on the first carrier based at least in
part on performing the early CCA procedure, and transmit the
wake-up signaling in the channel on the first carrier.
[0172] In some cases, control information manager 1945 may transmit
control information on the first carrier after transmitting the
wake-up signaling. In some cases, control information manager 1945
may transmit the control information in the transmission
opportunity used for transmitting the wake-up signaling. In some
cases, control information manager 1945 may perform another CCA
procedure to gain access to the channel on the first carrier for
another transmission opportunity for transmitting the control
information, and control information manager 1945 may transmit the
control information in the other transmission opportunity for
transmitting the control information. In some cases, control
information manager 1945 may transmit an indication of control
information monitoring occasions to the UE. In some cases, control
information manager 1945 may transmit configuration information for
a search space associated with the control information, where the
control information is transmitted on the first carrier in the
search space.
[0173] DRX manager 1935 may transmit signaling indicating an
absence of data in a subsequent on-duration. In some cases, DRX
manager 1935 may transmit an indication to the UE to activate the
DRX cycle on the second carrier, where the DRX cycle is activated
by the UE based on the indication. In some cases, beamforming
manager 1940 may transmit reference signals on the second carrier
in the on-duration of the DRX cycle and receive an indication of a
candidate beam selected by the UE for communications with the base
station based on the reference signals, where the indication is
received in a measurement report on uplink resources in the
on-duration on the first carrier or the second carrier. In some
cases, the first carrier is in a shared radio frequency spectrum
band, and the beamforming manager 1940 may transmit an indication
of a duration between the wake-up signaling transmitted on the
first carrier and the reference signals transmitted on the second
carrier. In other cases, beamforming manager 1940 may transmit
reference signals on the second carrier in the on-duration of the
DRX cycle and receive an indication that the UE failed to identify
a candidate beam for communications with the base station based on
the reference signals, where the indication is received on uplink
resources in the on-duration on the first carrier or the second
carrier. In some cases, the reference signals include cell-specific
reference signals or UE-specific reference signals. In some cases,
the on-duration includes an extended on-duration.
[0174] In some cases, control information manager 1945 may transmit
control information on the second carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration. In other cases, control information manager 1945 may
transmit control information on the first carrier that schedules a
transmission of the data to the UE on the second carrier in the
on-duration. In some cases, the first carrier is monitored by the
UE in an active mode or another DRX cycle is used on the first
carrier. In some cases, the first carrier includes a low frequency
band carrier and the second carrier includes a high frequency band
carrier. In some cases, the first carrier or the second carrier
includes an unshared radio frequency spectrum band or a shared
radio frequency spectrum band. In some cases, the unshared radio
frequency spectrum band includes a radio frequency spectrum band
licensed to a single operator, and the shared radio frequency
spectrum band includes a radio frequency spectrum band that is
unlicensed, licensed to multiple operators, or licensed to a single
operator with opportunistic access by other operators.
[0175] FIG. 20 shows a diagram of a system 2000 including a device
2005 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Device
2005 may be an example of or include the components of base station
105 as described above, e.g., with reference to FIG. 1. Device 2005
may include components for bi-directional voice and data
communications including components for transmitting and receiving
communications, including base station communications manager 2015,
processor 2020, memory 2025, software 2030, transceiver 2035,
antenna 2040, network communications manager 2045, and
inter-station communications manager 2050. These components may be
in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 2010).
Device 2005 may communicate wirelessly with one or more UEs
115.
[0176] Processor 2020 may include an intelligent hardware device,
(e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a
microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a
discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware
component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor
2020 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory
controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated
into processor 2020. Processor 2020 may be configured to execute
computer-readable instructions stored in a memory to perform
various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting dual band
DRX).
[0177] Memory 2025 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 2025 may
store computer-readable, computer-executable software 2030
including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to
perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the
memory 2025 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may
control basic hardware or software operation such as the
interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0178] Software 2030 may include code to implement aspects of the
present disclosure, including code to support dual band DRX.
Software 2030 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable
medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, the
software 2030 may not be directly executable by the processor but
may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform
functions described herein.
[0179] Transceiver 2035 may communicate bi-directionally, via one
or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For
example, the transceiver 2035 may represent a wireless transceiver
and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless
transceiver. The transceiver 2035 may also include a modem to
modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the
antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from
the antennas.
[0180] In some cases, the wireless device may include a single
antenna 2040. However, in some cases the device may have more than
one antenna 2040, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting
or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
[0181] Network communications manager 2045 may manage
communications with the core network (e.g., via one or more wired
backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager
2045 may manage the transfer of data communications for client
devices, such as one or more UEs 115.
[0182] Inter-station communications manager 2050 may manage
communications with other base station 105, and may include a
controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115
in cooperation with other base stations 105. For example, the
inter-station communications manager 2050 may coordinate scheduling
for transmissions to UEs 115 for various interference mitigation
techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some
examples, inter-station communications manager 2050 may provide an
X2 interface within an Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A wireless
communication network technology to provide communication between
base stations 105.
[0183] FIG. 21 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2100 in
accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations
of method 2100 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as
described herein. For example, the operations of method 2100 may be
performed by a UE communications manager as described with
reference to FIGS. 13 through 16. In some examples, a UE 115 may
execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the
device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or
alternatively, the UE 115 may perform aspects of the functions
described below using special-purpose hardware.
[0184] At 2105 the UE 115 may monitor a first carrier for wake-up
signaling from a base station, the wake-up signaling being for a
DRX cycle on a second carrier. The operations of 2105 may be
performed according to the methods described herein. In certain
examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 may be performed by a
carrier manager as described with reference to FIGS. 13 through
16.
[0185] At 2110 the UE 115 may receive wake-up signaling on the
first carrier prior to an on-duration in the DRX cycle, the wake-up
signaling indicating a presence of data on the second carrier in
the on-duration. The operations of 2110 may be performed according
to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of
the operations of 2110 may be performed by a wake-up signaling
manager as described with reference to FIGS. 13 through 16.
[0186] At 2115 the UE 115 may wake up for the on-duration to
receive the data on the second carrier based at least in part on
receiving the wake-up signaling. The operations of 2115 may be
performed according to the methods described herein. In certain
examples, aspects of the operations of 2115 may be performed by a
DRX manager as described with reference to FIGS. 13 through 16.
[0187] FIG. 22 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2200 in
accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations
of method 2200 may be implemented by a base station 105 or its
components as described herein. For example, the operations of
method 2200 may be performed by a base station communications
manager as described with reference to FIGS. 17 through 20. In some
examples, a base station 105 may execute a set of codes to control
the functional elements of the device to perform the functions
described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station
105 may perform aspects of the functions described below using
special-purpose hardware.
[0188] At 2205 the base station 105 may configure a first carrier
and a second carrier for communications with a UE. The operations
of 2205 may be performed according to the methods described herein.
In certain examples, aspects of the operations of 2205 may be
performed by a carrier manager as described with reference to FIGS.
17 through 20.
[0189] At 2210 the base station 105 may identify data to transmit
to the UE on the second carrier. The operations of 2210 may be
performed according to the methods described herein. In certain
examples, aspects of the operations of 2210 may be performed by a
data manager as described with reference to FIGS. 17 through
20.
[0190] At 2215 the base station 105 may transmit wake-up signaling
on the first carrier prior to an on-duration in a DRX cycle used by
the UE on the second carrier, the wake-up signaling indicating a
presence of the data on the second carrier in the on-duration. The
operations of 2215 may be performed according to the methods
described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of
2215 may be performed by a wake-up signaling manager as described
with reference to FIGS. 17 through 20.
[0191] At 2220 the base station 105 may transmit the data to the UE
on the second carrier in the on-duration based at least in part on
transmitting the wake-up signaling. The operations of 2220 may be
performed according to the methods described herein. In certain
examples, aspects of the operations of 2220 may be performed by a
data manager as described with reference to FIGS. 17 through
20.
[0192] It should be noted that the methods described above describe
possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may
be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations
are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may
be combined.
[0193] Techniques described herein may be used for various wireless
communications systems such as code division multiple access
(CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division
multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple
access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access
(SC-FDMA), and other systems. A CDMA system may implement a radio
technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards.
IS-2000 Releases may be commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1.times.,
1.times., etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000
1.times.EV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes
Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system may
implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM).
[0194] An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as
Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE
802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are
part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and
LTE-A are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS,
LTE, LTE-A, NR, and GSM are described in documents from the
organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP).
CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization
named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). The
techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio
technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radio
technologies. While aspects of an LTE or an NR system may be
described for purposes of example, and LTE or NR terminology may be
used in much of the description, the techniques described herein
are applicable beyond LTE or NR applications.
[0195] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic
area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow
unrestricted access by UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the
network provider. A small cell may be associated with a
lower-powered base station 105, as compared with a macro cell, and
a small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed,
unlicensed, etc.) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may
include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according to
various examples. A pico cell, for example, may cover a small
geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 115 with
service subscriptions with the network provider. A femto cell may
also cover a small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide
restricted access by UEs 115 having an association with the femto
cell (e.g., UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 for
users in the home, and the like). An eNB for a macro cell may be
referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred
to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB. An
eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the
like) cells, and may also support communications using one or
multiple component carriers.
[0196] The wireless communications system 100 or systems described
herein may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For
synchronous operation, the base stations 105 may have similar frame
timing, and transmissions from different base stations 105 may be
approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base
stations 105 may have different frame timing, and transmissions
from different base stations 105 may not be aligned in time. The
techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or
asynchronous operations.
[0197] Information and signals described herein may be represented
using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques.
For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals,
bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the
above description may be represented by voltages, currents,
electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields
or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0198] The various illustrative blocks and modules described in
connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or
performed with a general-purpose processor, a digital signal
processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC),
a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic
device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware
components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the
functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a
microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any
conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state
machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of
computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a
microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more
microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such
configuration).
[0199] The functions described herein may be implemented in
hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any
combination thereof If implemented in software executed by a
processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as
one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the
disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of
software, functions described above can be implemented using
software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring,
or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions
may also be physically located at various positions, including
being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented
at different physical locations.
[0200] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory
computer storage media and communication media including any medium
that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to
another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available
medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose
computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory
computer-readable media may comprise random-access memory (RAM),
read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read
only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other
optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic
storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be
used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of
instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a
general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose
or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly
termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is
transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a
coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber
line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and
microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair,
DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and
microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc,
as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital
versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks
usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data
optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included
within the scope of computer-readable media.
[0201] As used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a
list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as
"at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list
such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means
A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also,
as used herein, the phrase "based on" shall not be construed as a
reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary
step that is described as "based on condition A" may be based on
both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the
scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein,
the phrase "based on" shall be construed in the same manner as the
phrase "based at least in part on."
[0202] In the appended figures, similar components or features may
have the same reference label. Further, various components of the
same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by
a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar
components. If just the first reference label is used in the
specification, the description is applicable to any one of the
similar components having the same first reference label
irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent
reference label.
[0203] The description set forth herein, in connection with the
appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not
represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are
within the scope of the claims. The term "exemplary" used herein
means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and not
"preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed
description includes specific details for the purpose of providing
an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques,
however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some
instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block
diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the
described examples.
[0204] The description herein is provided to enable a person
skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various
modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those
skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may
be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of
the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples
and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest
scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed
herein.
* * * * *