U.S. patent application number 16/097036 was filed with the patent office on 2019-05-23 for veterinary composition.
This patent application is currently assigned to Nauts Equine Brand Pty Ltd. The applicant listed for this patent is Alan THOMPSON. Invention is credited to Alan THOMPSON.
Application Number | 20190151297 16/097036 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 60160556 |
Filed Date | 2019-05-23 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190151297 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
THOMPSON; Alan |
May 23, 2019 |
Veterinary Composition
Abstract
The present invention relates to a veterinary composition for
oral administration, said veterinary composition including an
antacid and a therapeutically effective amount of a proton pump
inhibitor, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is provided in an
enteric coated form.
Inventors: |
THOMPSON; Alan; (Doncaster,
AU) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
THOMPSON; Alan |
Doncaster |
|
AU |
|
|
Assignee: |
Nauts Equine Brand Pty Ltd
Doncaster
AU
|
Family ID: |
60160556 |
Appl. No.: |
16/097036 |
Filed: |
August 23, 2016 |
PCT Filed: |
August 23, 2016 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/AU2016/050773 |
371 Date: |
October 26, 2018 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 9/1611 20130101;
A61K 47/44 20130101; A61K 31/4439 20130101; A61K 33/06 20130101;
A61K 9/0056 20130101; A61K 33/12 20130101; A61P 1/04 20180101; A61K
9/1623 20130101; A61K 33/08 20130101; A61K 9/5078 20130101; A61K
9/1664 20130101; A61K 33/10 20130101; A61K 45/06 20130101; A61K
33/06 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 33/08 20130101; A61K
2300/00 20130101; A61K 33/10 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K
33/12 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 31/4439 20130101; A61K
2300/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/4439 20060101
A61K031/4439; A61K 9/00 20060101 A61K009/00; A61P 1/04 20060101
A61P001/04; A61K 47/44 20060101 A61K047/44 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 29, 2016 |
AU |
2016901584 |
Claims
1. A veterinary composition for oral administration, said
veterinary composition including an antacid and a therapeutically
effective amount of a proton pump inhibitor, wherein the proton
pump inhibitor is provided in an enteric coated form.
2. (canceled)
3. The veterinary composition according to claim 1, wherein the
antacid is selected from one or more of the group consisting of:
magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium
bicarbonate, magnesium aluminate monohydrate, aluminium hydroxide,
magnesium trisilicate, aluminium carbonate, magnesium carbonate,
aluminium magnesium hydroxide sulfate and sodium citrate.
4. The veterinary composition according to claim 3, wherein the
antacid includes magnesium oxide.
5. (canceled)
6. The veterinary composition according to claim 1, wherein the
antacid is present in an amount of about 5% to about 25% by weight
of the veterinary composition.
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. The veterinary composition according to claim 1, wherein the
enteric coated form is present in an amount of about 5% to about
60% by weight of the veterinary composition.
10. (canceled)
11. (canceled)
12. (canceled)
13. (canceled)
14. (canceled)
15. (canceled)
16. (canceled)
17. (canceled)
18. The veterinary composition according to claim 1, wherein the
proton pump inhibitor is selected from one or more of the group
consisting of: omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole
and leminoprazole.
19. The veterinary composition according to claim 18, wherein the
proton pump inhibitor includes omeprazole.
20. (canceled)
21. The veterinary composition according to claim 1, wherein the
proton pump inhibitor is present in an amount of about 0.05% to
about 55% by weight of the veterinary composition.
22. (canceled)
23. The veterinary composition according to claim 1, wherein the
veterinary composition is in a paste dosage form.
24. The veterinary composition according to claim 1, wherein the
veterinary composition includes a carrier selected from one or more
of the group consisting of: mineral oil, avocado oil, castor oil,
cottonseed oil, ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl
palmitate, myristyl alcohol, octyldodecanol, peanut oil, sunflower
oil, capric triglycerides, caprylic triglycerides, safflower oil,
sesame oil, canola oil, aniseed oil, macadamia nut oil, olive oil,
squalene, rice bran oil, soya oil and almond oil.
25. (canceled)
26. The veterinary composition according to claim 24, wherein the
carrier includes canola oil.
27. The veterinary composition according to claim 24, wherein the
carrier is present in an amount of about 30% to about 85% by weight
of the veterinary composition.
28. (canceled)
29. The veterinary composition according to claim 1, wherein the
veterinary composition includes a thickening agent including
silicon dioxide.
30. The veterinary composition according to claim 29, wherein the
thickening agent is present in an amount of about 1% to about 15%
by weight of the veterinary composition.
31. The veterinary composition according to claim 1, wherein the
veterinary composition does not contain an added preservative.
32. A veterinary composition for oral administration, said
veterinary composition including an antacid including magnesium
oxide, a thickening agent, a carrier and a therapeutically
effective amount of a proton pump inhibitor including omeprazole,
wherein the proton pump inhibitor is provided in an enteric coated
form and the enteric coated form, antacid and thickening agent are
suspended or dissolved in the carrier.
33. The veterinary composition according to claim 32, wherein the
veterinary composition is in a paste dosage form.
34. (canceled)
35. (canceled)
36. (canceled)
37. (canceled)
38. (canceled)
39. A method for the prevention or treatment of a gastric ulcer
condition in an animal, including orally administering to said
animal the veterinary composition according to claim 1.
40. The method according to claim 39, wherein the animal is a
species selected from the group consisting of equine, porcine,
bovine and canine.
41. The method according to claim 40, wherein the animal is a
horse.
42. (canceled)
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to veterinary compositions,
particularly veterinary compositions for oral administration
including a proton pump inhibitor and an antacid, and associated
products and methods.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] A gastric or duodenal ulcer is a defect in the stomach
lining, usually a break or lesion. In animals, the underlying cause
of gastric ulcers is often attributed to stress events. For
example, stomach acidity may be caused by the secretion of gastric
acid by parietal cells. The acidity of the stomach is often
buffered by alkaline saliva and mucous. Disruption or change to
alkaline saliva and mucous production, for example by a stress
event, may result in increased stomach acidity. It may also result
in abdominal cavity pressure which may bring acidic gastric juices
into contact with the sensitive upper reflux area of the stomach.
Increased stomach acidity and/or abdominal cavity pressure is
thought to lead to or contribute to gastric or duodenal ulcers.
[0003] An enzyme system involved in stomach acid production is the
H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system, or proton pump, at the secretory
membrane of parietal cells. The proton pump catalyses the exchange
of hydrogen ions for potassium ions in the final stage of
hydrochloric acid production. Inhibition of this enzyme system by
proton pump inhibitors decreases gastric acid production.
[0004] Certain proton pump inhibitors are known, including the
benzimidazole compounds omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and
leminoprazole. For example, there are products containing
omeprazole currently registered in Australia for treating or
preventing gastric ulcers in horses. However, these products suffer
from one or more of a number of deficiencies associated with
ineffectiveness, high dosage amounts and poor product consistency
leading to difficulties in administration. There is therefore a
need for an improved means of treating gastric ulcers in animals,
particularly horses.
[0005] It is an aim of the present invention to alleviate one or
more of the deficiencies associated with the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a veterinary
composition for oral administration, said veterinary composition
including an antacid and a therapeutically effective amount of a
proton pump inhibitor, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is
provided in an enteric coated form.
[0007] By a "therapeutically effective amount" is meant an amount
that elicits a biological or medicinal response when administered
to an animal.
[0008] The selection of the proton pump inhibitor is not
particularly limited. For example, the proton pump inhibitor may be
a benzimidazole compound or combination thereof. Representative
benzimidazole compounds include, but are not limited to,
omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole, with
chemical structures as follows.
##STR00001##
[0009] Many proton pump inhibitors, including benzimidazoles, may
be present in a number of chemical forms, including for example
(R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
polymorphs and mixtures thereof. Thus, as used herein, general or
specific reference to a proton pump inhibitor includes any one or
more of its chemical forms; e.g., the term `omeprazole` includes
stereoisomers (e.g. esomeprazole), salts, polymorphs and mixtures
thereof.
[0010] In preferred embodiments, the proton pump inhibitor includes
omeprazole. Omeprazole, or
5-methoxy-2[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methylsulphinyl]-1H-benzi-
midazole, is a potent proton pump inhibitor disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 4,255,432.
[0011] Many proton pump inhibitors, including the benzimidazoles
and particularly omeprazole, are acid-labile and susceptible to
breakdown in the acidic environment of the stomach. Without wishing
to be limited by theory, by providing the proton pump inhibitor in
an enteric coated form in a veterinary composition of the present
invention, acid-labile proton pump inhibitors are protected from
acid breakdown in the stomach and released in the less acidic or
alkaline regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The proton pump
inhibitor may then be absorbed and delivered to the active site of
parietal cells via the blood stream. A higher proportion of the
proton pump inhibitor may thus reach the active site compared with
acid-labile proton pump inhibitors which are not provided in an
enteric coated form, and consequently a lower dose of proton pump
inhibitor may be administered for an equal therapeutic effect.
[0012] The enteric coated form in which the proton pump inhibitor
may be provided includes, for example, pellets, particles,
granules, beads and tablets. The proton pump inhibitor may be
provided in the enteric coated form in any suitable amount. This
may be, for example, an amount of about 1% to about 95%, preferably
from about 5% to about 50%, and more preferably from about 8% to
about 30%, by weight of the enteric coated form. The enteric coated
form may be present in the veterinary composition in any suitable
amount, for example an amount of about 5% to about 60%, preferably
about 10% to about 50%, or more preferably about 20% to about 40%,
by weight of the veterinary composition. Accordingly, the proton
pump inhibitor may be present in the veterinary composition in an
amount of, for example, about 0.05% to about 55% by weight of the
veterinary composition, preferably about 0.5% to about 25% by
weight of the veterinary composition, or more preferably about 2%
to about 10% by weight of the veterinary composition.
[0013] In preferred embodiments, the proton pump inhibitor is
provided in the form of enteric coated pellets. Enteric coated
pellets preferably include at least a core containing the proton
pump inhibitor, and an enteric coating. The enteric coating may
include, for example, one or more substances selected from the
group consisting of cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl
methyl cellulose phthalate, shellac, methacrylic acid copolymer
and/or any other substances suitable for use in an enteric coat.
Preferably, the enteric coating includes a methacrylic acid
copolymer such as poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate). The
core may also include an inert carrier substance. The inert carrier
substance may include, for example, sugar spheres including lactose
or mannitol, starch, cellulose or nonpareil seeds and/or any other
suitable substance.
[0014] The enteric coated pellets may also include a sealing layer
between the core and the enteric coating. The sealing layer may
include, for example, one or more substances selected from the
group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose,
hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethylene
glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and/or any other suitable substance.
Preferably the sealing layer is water-soluble and includes
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
[0015] Other suitable substances for inclusion in the pellets may
be one or more of colourants, buffers, surfactants, binders,
sweeteners, preservatives, plasticisers, glidants and opacifiers,
for example. Representative suitable enteric coated pellets include
those as described in, for example, WO2006/026829.
[0016] The enteric coated pellets may be any size fit for purpose.
For example, the pellets may be of a size such that not less than
90% pass through an ASTM 20 mesh sieve, preferably a 16 mesh sieve
and most preferably a 12 mesh sieve. Alternatively or in addition,
the pellets may be of a size such that not more than 10% pass
through an ASTM 24 mesh sieve, preferably a 20 mesh sieve and most
preferably a 16 mesh sieve.
[0017] The antacid may be any substance which acts to at least
partially neutralise the acidity of the stomach. This may include,
for example, a magnesium, calcium, sodium and/or aluminium salt.
Representative examples include any one or more of magnesium oxide,
magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate,
magnesium aluminate monohydrate, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium
trisilicate, aluminium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, aluminium
magnesium hydroxide sulfate and sodium citrate.
[0018] Preferably, the antacid is magnesium oxide, and particularly
preferably magnesium oxide light.
[0019] The combination of the antacid and the proton pump inhibitor
in an enteric coated form gives rise to certain benefits. It has
been found that the combined effect of the antacid and the proton
pump inhibitor when delivered in an enteric coated form, provides a
particularly effective veterinary composition for the treatment or
prevention of a gastric ulcer condition in an animal. In
particular, magnesium oxide has been found to be a surprisingly
effective antacid when used in a veterinary composition of the
present invention. Magnesium oxide is also readily absorbed in
animals, particularly horses, such that magnesium becomes
biologically available. This gives rise to several associated
subsidiary benefits. For example, magnesium is an essential mineral
in animals. It is involved in many biological functions including
in bone integrity, as an enzyme co-factor and protection against
inflammation and damage by endotoxins. Magnesium is also involved
in muscle relaxation and nerve excitability and is a calming
mineral. Further, gastric ulcers often cause discomfort, loss of
appetite and general irritability in animals. Improved temperament,
appetite, coat shine and general well-being of an animal is
attributed to the use of magnesium, and particularly magnesium
oxide, in a veterinary composition of the present invention.
[0020] Thus, in preferred embodiments, the antacid is not enteric
coated, such that it may be released in the stomach. Preferably,
the antacid may be present in the veterinary composition in an
amount of about 5% to about 25%, more preferably about 10% to about
20%, by weight of the veterinary composition. In preferred
embodiments, the antacid is present in an amount of about 12% to
about 16% by weight of the veterinary composition.
[0021] The veterinary composition of the present invention may be
formulated in any dosage form suitable for oral delivery. This may
include, for example, a paste, solution, suspension, gel, powder,
granule, tablet or capsule. The veterinary composition of the
present invention may be formulated with any suitable excipients.
Suitable excipients may be selected based on the desired dosage
form and animal to which administration is intended, among other
factors. A formulator skilled in the art may readily determine
suitable excipients. For example, suitable excipients for a paste
dosage form may include carriers, thickening agents, preservatives,
flavours, colours, sweeteners and/or antioxidants, among others.
Suitable preservatives may include parabens; flavours may include
caramel, carrot and/or apple; colours may include iron oxide and/or
titanium dioxide; sweeteners may include sugars; and antioxidants
may include butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and/or butylated
hydroxyanisole (BHA).
[0022] In preferred embodiments, the veterinary composition is
formulated in a paste dosage form. A paste dosage form has the
advantage of reduced loss by dripping or expulsion from the mouth
during administration, and better dosage accuracy. Further, the
paste may be packaged in a dial-dose tube for ease of
administration and/or individualised dosage administration.
[0023] In preferred embodiments, the veterinary composition is
formulated with a carrier and/or a thickening agent. In
particularly preferred embodiments, the veterinary composition
includes a carrier and a thickening agent, and no other
excipients.
[0024] The carrier may be any carrier fit for purpose. For example,
in preferred embodiments the carrier may be an oil. This may
include an oil selected from the group consisting of one or more of
mineral oil, avocado oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, ethyl oleate,
isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, myristyl alcohol,
octyldodecanol, peanut oil, sunflower oil, capric triglycerides,
caprylic triglycerides, safflower oil, sesame oil, canola oil,
aniseed oil, macadamia nut oil, olive oil, squalene, rice bran oil,
soya oil and almond oil. In particularly preferred embodiments, the
carrier includes canola oil.
[0025] The carrier may be present in the veterinary composition in
any amount fit for purpose. This may include, for example, an
amount of about 30% to about 85%, more preferably about 40% to
about 70%, by weight of the veterinary composition. In particularly
preferred embodiments, the carrier may be present in an amount of
about 44% to about 62% by weight of the veterinary composition.
[0026] The thickening agent may be any excipient fit for purpose.
For example, in preferred embodiments the thickening agent may be
selected from the group consisting of one or more of silicone
dioxide, castor wax, hydrogenated castor oil, paraffin and
cetostearyl alcohol. In particularly preferred embodiments, the
thickening agent includes silicon dioxide.
[0027] The thickening agent may be present in the veterinary
composition in any amount fit for purpose. Preferably, the
thickening agent is included in an amount which provides a smooth
paste-like consistency. This has certain associated advantages: it
may aid uniform distribution of the proton pump inhibitor in the
veterinary composition and thereby prevent or reduce dosing
inconsistencies, and; it may be generally difficult for an animal
to reject upon oral administration. Thus, the thickening agent may
be present in an amount of, for example, about 1% to about 15%,
preferably about 1% to about 10%, by weight of the veterinary
composition. In particularly preferred embodiments, the thickening
agent may be present in an amount of about 3% to about 6% by weight
of the veterinary composition.
[0028] It has been found to be an advantage of a veterinary
composition of the present invention that an added preservative may
not be necessary, especially in embodiments where the enteric
coated form contains a preservative. Thus, while preservatives may
be included, in preferred embodiments the veterinary composition
does not contain an added preservative.
[0029] Veterinary compositions of the present invention are
particularly useful for the prevention or treatment of a gastric
ulcer condition in an animal. Thus, in another aspect, the present
invention provides a method for the prevention or treatment of a
gastric ulcer condition in an animal, said method including orally
administering to said animal a veterinary composition as
hereinbefore described. Preferably, the animal is a species
selected from the group consisting of equine, porcine, bovine and
canine, more preferably a horse or dog and most preferably a
horse.
[0030] As used herein, by a "gastric ulcer condition" is meant
gastrointestinal ulcers, including gastric or duodenal ulcers, or
another gastrointestinal condition treatable using a proton pump
inhibitor.
[0031] Administration of the veterinary composition may be directly
into the mouth of an animal. For example, in a preferred embodiment
the veterinary composition may be in the form of a paste dosage
form in a dial-dose tube, and the end of the tube may be placed in
the mouth and the veterinary composition expelled onto the back of
the tongue of an animal.
[0032] The amount of the veterinary composition to be administered
may vary according to a number of factors including, but not
limited to, the species of animal to be treated, the type of dosage
form, the proton pump inhibitor and its amount in the composition,
the condition to be treated and its severity. A veterinarian
skilled in the art may readily determine the amount of composition
to be administered. For example, the amount of veterinary
composition to be administered to an animal may be such that it
delivers from about 0.01 mg of the proton pump inhibitor per kg of
body weight to about 5 mg/kg of body weight per administration,
preferably from about 0.05 mg/kg of body weight to about 2 mg/kg of
body weight per administration, more preferably 0.1 mg/kg of body
weight to about 1 mg/kg of body weight per administration. For
example, for a 500 kg horse, the amount of proton pump inhibitor to
be administered may be from about 5 mg to about 2500 mg, preferably
from about 25 mg to about 1000 mg, more preferably from about 50 mg
to about 500 mg.
[0033] The amount of proton pump inhibitor in the veterinary
composition may determine the amount of composition to be delivered
per administration, or vice versa. Preferably, the veterinary
composition is formulated such that the amount of composition to be
delivered per administration may be from about 1 mL to about 10 mL,
more preferably about 2 mL to about 8 mL, or even more preferably
about 2 mL to about 7 mL.
[0034] For treatment of a gastric ulcer condition, preferably the
dosing regime consists of one to two administrations, preferably
two administrations, per day for about 2 to about 4 weeks. This may
be followed by a period of single administration per day for about
2 weeks, or for a period of time while the animal is in work or
training or otherwise subject to, or predicted to be subject to, a
stress event. For twice daily administration, preferably a first
dose is given in the morning and a second dose at night. For once
daily administration, preferably a dose is given in the morning.
Preferably, the veterinary composition is administered before food.
For prophylactic use aimed to substantially prevent a gastric ulcer
condition, preferably the dosing regime consists of one to two
administrations, preferably one administration, per day for about 2
to about 4 weeks or for a period of time while the animal is in
work or training or otherwise subject to, or predicted to be
subject to, a stress event. This may also include an initial
loading dose prior to or during a stress event, which may be about
1.5 to about 3 times the usual dose.
[0035] By a "stress event" is herein intended to mean an event that
may give rise to a gastric ulcer condition. This may include, for
example, training, working, transportation, change to a feeding
regime or environment, and/or pregnancy. Working may include
racing.
[0036] When a single dose of the veterinary composition of the
present invention is administered to an animal population,
preferably a mean maximum plasma concentration (C.sub.max) of
proton pump inhibitor of greater than about 625 .mu.g/L is reached.
Independently, preferably a mean area under the curve (AUC) of
plasma concentration of proton pump inhibitor over time of greater
than about 1480 .mu.g/Lhr is also reached. The dosage amount of the
single dose may preferably be as hereinbefore described.
[0037] A person skilled in the art will appreciate that plasma
concentrations and area under the curve values obtained in
individual animals will vary due to variability in the many factors
affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.
For this reason, mean values for an animal population are used
herein. Specifically, given values for a mean pharmacokinetic
parameter refer to a geometric mean unless otherwise indicated. The
number of animals in an animal population is not particularly
limited. For example, an animal population may include from a few
to one hundred, several hundred or thousands of animals. In
preferred embodiments the animal population includes at least 5,
preferably at least 10, and more preferably at least 20, animals.
For example, the animal population may include between 25 and 30
animals.
[0038] Thus, in another aspect, the present invention provides a
veterinary composition for oral administration, said veterinary
composition including a therapeutically effective amount of a
proton pump inhibitor, wherein: [0039] a mean maximum plasma
concentration of proton pump inhibitor of greater than about 625
.mu.g/L is reached in an animal population after administration to
each animal a single dose of the veterinary composition; and/or
[0040] a mean area under the curve of plasma concentration of
proton pump inhibitor over time of greater than about 1480
.mu.g/Lhr is reached in an animal population after administration
to each animal a single dose of the veterinary composition.
[0041] In preferred embodiments, the veterinary composition may be
as hereinbefore described. For example, the veterinary composition
may contain the proton pump inhibitor in an enteric coated form.
The proton pump inhibitor may be a benzimidazole compound including
omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole and
leminoprazole, preferably omeprazole. The veterinary composition
may include an antacid, preferably magnesium oxide, and it may
include a thickening agent and/or a carrier. The carrier may
suspend or dissolve therein the other ingredients. The veterinary
composition may be in a paste dosage form. Preferably, the animal
is a species selected from the group consisting of equine, porcine,
bovine and canine, and is most preferably a horse.
[0042] The single dose of the veterinary composition may be in an
amount as hereinbefore described. For example, the single dose of
the veterinary composition may be in an amount such that it
delivers no more than about 5 mg proton pump inhibitor per kg of
body weight of the animal. Preferably, the single dose of the
veterinary composition may be in an amount such that it delivers
from about 0.05 mg to about 2 mg, more preferably from about 0.1 mg
to about 1 mg, of proton pump inhibitor per kg of body weight of
the animal.
[0043] The mean maximum plasma concentration of proton pump
inhibitor reached in the animal population by administration to
each animal a single dose of the veterinary composition may be
greater than about 650 .mu.g/L, preferably about 700 .mu.g/L or 750
.mu.g/L, and more preferably about 800 .mu.g/L or 850 .mu.g/L.
[0044] For example, the mean maximum plasma concentration of proton
pump inhibitor reached in the animal population may be between
about 625 .mu.g/L and about 1,000 .mu.g/L, preferably between about
650 .mu.g/L and about 1,000 .mu.g/L, more preferably between about
700 .mu.g/L or 750 .mu.g/L and about 1,000 .mu.g/L, and even more
preferably between about 800 .mu.g/L or 850 .mu.g/L and about 1,000
.mu.g/L.
[0045] The mean maximum plasma concentration may be reached in a
mean time (T.sub.max) no later than about 2, preferably about 1.5,
and more preferably about 1.3, hours after administration of the
veterinary composition. For example, the mean maximum plasma
concentration may be reached on average between about 1 and about 2
hours after administration, preferably between about 1 and about
1.5 hours after administration, more preferably between about 1 and
about 1.3 hours after administration of the veterinary
composition.
[0046] The mean area under the curve of plasma concentration of
proton pump inhibitor over time reached in the animal population by
administration to each animal a single dose of the veterinary
composition may be greater than about 1480 .mu.g/Lhr, preferably
about 1500 .mu.g/Lhr or 1700 .mu.g/Lhr, and more preferably about
1800 .mu.g/Lhr or 1900 .mu.g/Lhr.
[0047] For example, the mean area under the curve of plasma
concentration of proton pump inhibitor over time reached in the
animal population may be between about 1480 .mu.g/Lhr and about
2100 .mu.g/Lhr, preferably between about 1500, 1550, 1600 or 1650
.mu.g/Lhr and about 2100 .mu.g/Lhr, and more preferably between
about 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850 or 1900 .mu.g/Lhr and about 2100
.mu.g/Lhr. Area under the curve may be measured by the trapezoidal
approach to estimation taken from time zero to the last sampling
time point at which proton pump inhibitor is quantifiable.
[0048] In preferred embodiments, both the mean maximum plasma
concentration and mean area under the curve, as hereinbefore
described, are reached in the animal population by administration
to each animal a single dose of the veterinary composition. The
dosage amount of the single dose may preferably be as hereinbefore
described.
[0049] The veterinary composition of the invention may be
manufactured by any suitable method. A person skilled in the art
may readily determine a suitable manufacturing protocol. In
general, a representative method for manufacture of, for example a
paste dosage form, includes mixing the antacid with a carrier,
adding with mixing a thickening agent then adding with mixing the
enteric coated proton pump inhibitor.
[0050] Thus, in another aspect, the present invention provides a
veterinary composition for oral administration, said veterinary
composition including an antacid including magnesium oxide, a
thickening agent, a carrier and a therapeutically effective amount
of a proton pump inhibitor including omeprazole, wherein the proton
pump inhibitor is provided in an enteric coated form, and the
enteric coated form, antacid and thickening agent are suspended or
dissolved in the carrier.
[0051] In preferred embodiments, the antacid, thickening agent,
carrier, proton pump inhibitor, enteric coated form and amounts
thereof in the veterinary composition may be as hereinbefore
described. Also in preferred embodiments, when a single dose of the
veterinary composition of the present invention is administered to
an animal population, preferably a mean maximum plasma
concentration of proton pump inhibitor of greater than about 625
.mu.g/L is reached, as hereinbefore described. Independently,
preferably a mean area under the curve of plasma concentration of
proton pump inhibitor over time of greater than about 1480
.mu.g/Lhr is also reached, as hereinbefore described.
[0052] The present invention will now be more fully described with
reference to the accompanying Examples. It should be understood,
however, that the description following is illustrative only and
should not be taken in any way as a restriction on the generality
of the invention described above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0053] FIG. 1 is a plot of mean omeprazole plasma concentration as
a function of time for treatments using a test composition of the
present invention (IVP) and a registered reference product (RVP) in
a two-period cross-over design study testing efficacy in
horses.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Example 1--Formulation
[0054] A formulation of a veterinary composition of the present
invention is exemplified in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Veterinary composition formulation.
Formulation A B C D Ingredient wt % in composition Magnesium oxide
light 15 13 13 13 Omeprazole pellets 21 31 37 39 (omeprazole) (4.2)
(9.3) (3.1) (3.2) Canola oil 61 50 47 44 Silicon dioxide 3 6 3
3
[0055] Composition A is formulated as a 50 mg/mL omeprazole
composition using omeprazole pellets containing about 20 wt %
omeprazole by weight of the pellets. Composition B is formulated as
a 100 mg/mL omeprazole composition using omeprazole pellets
containing about 30 wt % omeprazole by weight of the pellets.
Compositions C and D are formulated as 40 mg/mL omeprazole
compositions using omeprazole pellets containing about 8.3 wt %
omeprazole by weight of the pellets. The omeprazole pellet
formulation includes omeparazole on a sugar core with a
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose sealing layer (i.e. HPMC-E5) and a
methacrylic acid copolymer (i.e. L-30D) enteric coat.
[0056] Each composition is beige in colour with visible white
enteric coated pellets distributed throughout. Compositions are
formulated in a paste dosage form intended for administration to
horses and packaged in 36 mL dial-dose tubes. Optimal viscosity as
determined by USP 39<912> is in the range of about 4000 to
about 12000 cP. Optimal pH as determined by USP 38<791> is in
the range of about 10 to about 12. Optimal total impurity levels
are less than 2 wt % as determined by USP 38.
[0057] Composition A containing 20 wt % omeprazole pellets is
characterised by comparatively better consistency for packaging and
administration, and uniformity of content for consistent dosage
administration.
Example 2--Manufacture
[0058] A veterinary composition of Example 1 is manufactured by the
following process. [0059] 1. Set up the Planetary Mixer with the
Paddle Mixer attachment. [0060] 2. Place the mixing vessel into
place on the Planetary Mixer and lock the bowl into position. Add
the canola oil to the mixing vessel. [0061] 3. Set the timer for
fifteen (15) minutes and start the mixer on slow speed (Speed 1)
and slowly add the Magnesium Oxide over two portions stopping the
mixer intermittently so that the side of the bowl can be scraped.
[0062] 4. Set the mixer (speed 1) and mix for a further five (5)
minutes to ensure the Magnesium Oxide is dispersed and no lumps are
present. [0063] 5. Set the timer for ten (10) minutes and add the
Silicon Dioxide whilst continuously mixing for five (5) minutes on
slow speed (speed 1). Stop the mixer (and timer) at the five (5)
minute mark and scrape down the side of the vessel. Continue mixing
for the remaining five (5) minutes on medium (speed 2). Once the
ten (10) minutes total mixing time is complete, scrape down the
side of the mixing bowl with a teflon scraper. [0064] 6. Add the
Omeprazole Pellets over two portions and mix with intermittent
mixing between each addition. Set the timer and perform a final mix
of ten (10) minutes on medium (Speed 2) so that the Omeprazole
pellets are evenly dispersed through the product. [0065] 7. Stop
the mixer and timer and scrape the excess material from the vessel
and paddle into the bowl at the five (5) minute mark. Mix
thoroughly using the Teflon scraper. [0066] 8. Remove the bowl from
the Planetary Mixer and cover the bowl with a HDPE bag and leave
overnight before filling is commenced.
Example 3--Stability Trials
[0067] Stability trials were performed on one (1) 42 Kg batch and
two (2) supporting 6 Kg batches of a composition corresponding to
formulation A of Example 1 packaged in dial-dose tubes. Table 2
presents the results of stability trials at storage conditions of
30.+-.2.degree. C. and 65.+-.5% Relative Humidity (% RH) tube tip
facing downwards for 3 months. Appearance and pack integrity were
assessed by visual inspection. Standard techniques and parameters
were used to determine viscosity (i.e. USP 39<912>), pH (i.e.
USP 39<791>) impurities (i.e. USP 38) and assay.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Storage 30 .+-. 2.degree. C. and 65 .+-. 5%
Relative Humidity (% RH) tube tip facing downwards. Total Batch
impurities Assay No. Appearance Pack integrity Viscosity cP pH wt %
mg/ml 1 Beige colour, white Intact; no colour 4900 11.0 0.45 51.8
pellets evenly distributed; variation; no leaks no evidence of
separation 2 Beige colour, white Intact; no colour 5300 10.6 0.57
49.8 pellets evenly distributed; variation; no leaks no evidence of
separation 3 Beige colour, white Intact; no colour 8400 10.0 0.42
48.9 pellets evenly distributed; variation; no leaks no evidence of
separation
[0068] Stability trials were also performed on a 50 Kg batch of a
composition corresponding to formulation D of Example 1. Table 3
presents the results of accelerated stability trials at storage
conditions of 40.+-.2.degree. C. and 75.+-.5% Relative Humidity (%
RH) inverted. Appearance was assessed by cutting the tube
lengthways and without mixing visually assessing the colour and
homogeneity of the composition. Pack integrity was assessed by
visual assessment. SG, assay and micro data was determined using
standard techniques and parameters. The micro data in particular
demonstrates that it is not necessary to include an added
preservative in a veterinary composition of the present
invention.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Storage 40 .+-. 2.degree. C. and 75 .+-. 5%
Relative Humidity (% RH) inverted. Micro Time Assay mg/ml, Bacteria
Yeast/mould point Appearance Pack integrity SG % w/w (in pellets)
(cfug) (cfug) E. coli 0 Beige colour, white Intact; no colour 1.23
41.5, 8.0 <10.sup.3 <10.sup.2 Absent pellets evenly
distributed; variation; no leaks no evidence of separation +1 Beige
colour, white Intact; no colour 1.24 40.9, 8.2 <10.sup.2
<10.sup.2 Absent month pellets evenly distributed; variation; no
leaks no evidence of separation +2 Beige colour, white Intact; no
colour 1.22 41.4, 8.9 <10.sup.2 <10.sup.2 Absent months
pellets evenly distributed; variation; no leaks no evidence of
separation +4 Beige colour, white Intact; no colour 1.21 36.5, 8.2
<10.sup.2 <10.sup.2 Absent months pellets evenly distributed;
variation; no leaks no evidence of separation
Example 4--Experimental Trials
[0069] A sample population of 30 horses was treated with
composition C or D of Example 1. Each horse was administered with a
5 mL dosage amount once daily for a period of at least 2 weeks or
while in work or training. Symptoms of a gastric ulcer condition
were absent from most to all horses after this treatment period.
Veterinarian and Trainer feedback also included that horses treated
with a veterinary composition of the present invention were
characterised by the following: [0070] Improved appetite; [0071]
Improved temperament; [0072] Improved work/training performance;
[0073] Increased coat shine; [0074] Decreased incidence of product
rejection upon administration; [0075] Increased willingness to
receive treatment.
[0076] Reduced administration frequency was also reported in
comparison with experiences with other products. For example,
Veterinarians and Trainers noted that other products often require
two to three administrations per day at higher dosage amounts for
any observable effects, while a single administration of a
veterinary composition of the present invention was sufficient in
many cases for fast and effective treatment.
Example 5--Efficacy Studies
[0077] A two-period cross-over design was used to test the efficacy
in horses of a test composition of the present invention (IVP)
compared with a market-leading registered reference product,
marketed under the trade name Gastrozol (RVP). 28 horses were
randomly separated into two even groups. Horses in one group
received a single dose of the RVP in a first period and after a
washout period then received a single dose of the IVP in a second
period. Horses in the other group received a single dose of the IVP
in a first period and after a washout period then received a single
dose of the RVP in a second period. All dosage amounts were 5
mL.
[0078] The IVP was a composition A of Example 1 in paste dosage
form delivering about 250 mg of omeprazole per 5 mL dose. The RVP
was also in paste dosage form nominally formulated as a 50 mg/mL
omeprazole composition delivering 250 mg omeprazole per 5 mL dose.
The reverse-engineered formulation of the RVP is provided in Table
3.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 RVP formulation. Ingredient approx. wt % in
composition Omeprazole beads 31.3 Paraffin oil 68.3 Diethyl
phthalate; vanillin; 0.4 glycerol; parabens
[0079] Plasma samples were taken from horses at a number of time
intervals following dosage administration and analysed for
omeprazole concentration. Data were assessed for pharmacokinetics
parameters AUC, C.sub.max and T.sub.max. A plot of mean omeprazole
plasma concentration as a function of time for IVP and RVP
treatments is provided in FIG. 1.
[0080] Values for the measured pharmacokinetic parameters are
provided in Table 4.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 Measured mean pharmacokinetic parameters.
AUC (.mu.g/L hr) C.sub.max(.mu.g/L) T.sub.max(hr) RVP 1474.28
623.400 1.31 IVP 1922.31 886.884 1.17 IVP - RVP 448.03 263.484
-0.14
[0081] The IVP achieved a statistically significant higher AUC
compared to the RVP and a statistically significant higher
C.sub.max in less time (i.e. T.sub.max).
[0082] It is to be understood that various alterations,
modifications and/or additions may be made without departing from
the spirit of the present invention as outlined herein.
[0083] As used herein, except where the context requires otherwise,
the term "comprise" and variations of the term, such as
"comprising", "comprises" and "comprised", are not intended to be
in any way limiting or to exclude further additives, components,
integers or steps.
[0084] Reference to any prior art in the specification is not, and
should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion
that this prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in
Australia or any other jurisdiction or that this prior art could
reasonably be expected to be ascertained, understood and/or
regarded as relevant by a person skilled in the art.
* * * * *